Memoirs of the NATIONAL MUSEUM of Victoria Melbourne Australia 31 July 1979 COVER PHOTOGRAPH Shoreline of Lake King, Gippsland Lakes catchment study area. by A. H. Corrick. MEMOIRS of the NATIONAL MUSEUM OF VICTORIA MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA No. 40 Director BARRY К. WILSON Deputy Director THOMAS А. DARRAGH Editor DouGLas M. STONE PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE COUNCIL ЗЛО ЕХЕ 1979 © National Museum of Victoria Council 1979 Printed by Brown Prior Anderson Pty Ltd Burwood Victoria NATIONAL MUSEUM OF VICTORIA MEMBERS ОЕ COUNCIL PROFESSOR J. W. WARREN, MA PhD (Calif) (President) Dr Н. К. WonNER, CBE DSc (Melb) Hon DSc (Newcastle) ABSM FAA FTS FRACI FIM FIMM MAIMM MAIME (Deputy President) J. C. F. WHARTON Esq, BSc ( Treasurer) SiR WILLIAM Darcie, CBE FRSA (Lond) FRAS D. C. L. Giggs Esq., МА BRIGADIER Р. P. JacKsoN, CMG CBE BE FIE (Aust) FIMechE FAIM H. G. A. OsBORNE Esq., BAgrSc PROFESSOR SIR SYDNEY SU'DERLAND, CMG MD BS DSc FRACP FRACS FAA Ок Н. М. B. WETTENHALL, MD BS FRCP FRACP Barry R. WILSON, BSc (Hons) PhD (Chief Executive Officer ) I. J. Curry Esq., AASA (Secretary) STAFF (1 June 1979) Director: BARRY R. WILSON, BSc (Hons) PhD Deputy Director: THOMAS А. DARRAGH, MSc DipEd AMAA Administration: D. N. ANDERSON (in charge) DEBBIE VALENTINE E. ROWLEY R. DOMICAN PATRICIA BATCHELOR JUDITH FREEMAN KAYLENE TRAYNOR LYNETTE ANDERSON URSULA GAWRONSKI SCIENTIFIC STAFF Geology and Palaeontology: Curator of Vertebrate Fossils: T. H. RicH, AB MA PhD Curator of Invertebrate Fossils: P. A. JELL, BSc (Hons) PhD Curator of Minerals: W. D. BIRCH, BSc (Hons) PhD Assistant Curator of Invertebrate Fossils: Vacant. Technical Assistants: KERRYN ROBINSON, SUSAN GIBSON, Н. VEITCH Zoology Senior Curator (Zoology): B. 7. 5мітн, BSc PhD AMAA Curator of Mammals: JoAN M. DixoN, BSc (Hons) Curator of Fish: M. F. GoMoN, BSc MSc PhD (Miami) Curator of Birds: A. R. McEvey, BA O.I.C. Herpetology: A. J. CovENTRY Curator of Insects: A. NEBOIss, MSc PhD FRES Assistant Curator of Insects: A. A. CALDER, BSc (Hons) Curator of Invertebrates: Vacant Assistant Curator of Invertebrates: SUZANNE Bovp, BSc Technical Officer: LiNpA HuxrEv, BSc Technical Assistants: ELIZABETH MATHESON, RHYLLIS PLANT, JOAN PHILLIPS, LORENE REID, BELINDA GILLIES Anthropology: Curator of Anthropology: A. L. WEsT, BA DipSocStud Assistant Curator of Anthropology: ALISON M. OATES Research Assistant: JUDITH WISEMAN, BA Technical Officer: CHRISTINE Носавтн, BA Survey: Survey Officer: J. D. BLYTH, BSc Technical Assistants: H. G. BAWDEN, ALENA GLAISTER, BSc Conservation: Conservation Officer: Vacant Library: Librarian in Charge: JULIANNE NEW, BA ALAA Librarian: HELEN Сонм, ВА DipLib Display and Preparation: Display Officer: А. G. SOLIMAN, BA (Cairo) | - Assistants: DIANE STEPHENS, DipAd, JoHN CHALLIS, DipArt, SANDRA BROWN, DipArt Senior Preparator: L. J. CHAPMAN Preparators: M. С. TRAYNOR, B. HALL, К. KELLY Photography: Photographer: Е. Corra, DipArt (Photo. Шиві.) Education Service: R. N. MiLLER, Dip Art (Illus.), TPTC (in charge) JULIE CARTER, BA (Hons), DipEd ROSEMARY TAYLOR, BA TPTC Сап. LoNGBOTTOM, Dip Teaching (Primary) PHILIP MAXWELL Dip Teaching (Primary ) MICHELLE SMITH, Dip Teaching (Primary) LEAH VARDAKAS, TPTC VALERIE MCCORMACK (Typist) HONORARY ASSOCIATES with year of appointment Geology: A. A. BAKER, 1951 A. W. BEASLEY, MSc PhD DIC, 1973 A. C. CoLLINs: FRAIA ARIBA АМТРІ, 1953 E. D. Сп, ISM BA BD FGS FRGS, 1973 PROFESSOR J. F. LovERING, MSc PhD, 1974 D. J. TAYLOR, MSc, 1966 J. A. TALENT, MSc PhD, 1966 Н. E. WILKINSON, BSc, 1970 PROFESSOR E. S. Нилѕ, CBE PhD (Lond) Hon DSc (Dunelm) DSc FIC FAA FRS, 1978 Vertebrate Zoology: A. G. BRowN, MRCS (Eng) LRCP (London), 1968 М. J. FAVALORO, 1945 A. К. LEE, BSc (WA), MA, PhD (Calif), 1972 M. J. LITTLEJOHN, PhD (WA) MSc, 1972 P. A. RAWLINSON, BSc, 1968 C. TANNER, 1953 R. M. WaARNEKE, MSc BAgrSc, 1966 J. McNALLY, MSc ED, 1978 Str HENRY SOMERSET, CBE, MSc FRACI MAIMM, 1978 C. N. AUSTIN, 1955 Invertebrate Zoology: K. N. BELL, BSc DipEd, 1973 J. НОРЕ BLACK, MSc, 1966 R. F. BURN, 1962 A. N. BunNs, MSc FRES, 1966 D. Е. CRosBv, FRES AASA AFAIM, 1968 R. C. KERsHAW, 1977 C. MCCUBRBIN, 1974 A. E. Moncer, LS MIS (Aust), 1974 JEANETTE E. Watson, ASMB, ARMIT, MAppSc, 1970 L. Winsor, DipMedTech FAIMT AAIST, 1974 Dr T. New, BSc (Lond) PhD (Lond) ARCS DIC FRES, 1979 Anthropology: J. H. McNamara, MB BS FRCPA, 1969 N. M. WALLACE, 1970 Sır ROBERT BLAcKwoop, MCE BEE FIE (Aust) 1978 (Life) CONTENTS І. Mammals and Reptiles of North Central Victoria. By P. W. Menkhorst and A. M. Gilmore. (Plates 1-2). 1 2. A Bibliography Relating to the Birds of North Central Victoria. By Allan McEvey and William B. Emison 35 3. Vertebrate Fauna of the Ballarat Area, Victoria. By A. M. Gilmore, W. B. Emison and J. R. Wheeler. (Plates 3-4). at 4. Vertebrate Fauna of South Gippsland, Victoria. By K. C. Norris, A. M. Gilmore and P. W. Menkhorst. 105 5. An Annotated Bibliography of the Avifauna of the Gippsland Lakes Catchment and Hinterland. By I. Mansergh, A. R. McEvey, C. A. Bel- cher, and K. A. Menkhorst. 201 A contribution towards the cost of printing this Memoir from the Fisheries and Wildlife Division of the Ministry for Conservation is gratefully acknowledged. MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA By P. W. Мемкновѕт and А. M. GILMORE Fisheries and Wildlife Division, Ministry for Conservation, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 Abstract . North Central Victoria contains two major physiographic regions: the Western Highlands which was originally covered by open-forest and woodland; and the Murray Basin Plains wliich was covered by woodland, shrubland and grassland. Much of the area has been cleared for agriculture and grazing but native vegetation remains on Crown Land which covers about 1576 of the area. The open-forests and woodlands have been intensively harvested for timber and now consist mainly of immature stands. Following European settlement three species of mammal and one reptile have probably become extinct and populations of two mammals and two reptiles are very low. The present status of the forty species of mammals and forty-one species of reptiles recorded from the area is discussed in terms of abundance, distribution and habitat and all known records of each species are mapped. Introduction Information on the distribution and habitat preference of mammals and reptiles in North Central Victoria is meagre, often imprecise, and scattered throughout journals, survey re- ports, field notes and museum collections. The occurrence of some mammal species in the area can be deduced from the small-scale maps of Marlow (1965) or from the notes of Ride (1970) and a list of museum specimens from the area has been prepared by the National Museum of Victoria (Brumley and Evans 1976). A general indication of the reptiles occurring in the area can be gathered from the maps of Cogger (1975) but the scale is so small they are of little value to those requiring detailed information on distribution. Field surveys of vertebrates in North Cen- tral Victoria were conducted between June and November 1975 and September and December 1976 by the Fisheries and Wildlife Division (Ministry for Conservation, Victoria). Infor- mation from the surveys is being used by the Land Conservation Council (LCC) in its assessment of land-use in Victoria. In this paper we present the results of our field surveys of the mammals and reptiles, as well as all known previous documented re- cords, in terms of the ecological and geo- graphical distributions of the species recorded. Survey Area Topography The surveys were conducted in an area of 19,300 km? bounded by Stawell to the west, Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, No. 40, July 1979. Nagambie to the east, Wedderburn to the north and Clunes to the south (Fig. 1). The area includes two main physiographic regions, the Western Highlands and Murray Basin Plains (Hills 1967). In the south the Western High- lands reach heights of 700 m in the Pyrenee Range and extend northwards across the survey area in a series of four low, rounded ridges composed largely of Ordovician and Silurian slates and sandstones. These ridges are 100-500 m high and the Ordovician and Silurian deposits, which are auriferous, have been extensively mined for alluvial and reef gold. The ridges are separated by the valleys of five north-flowing rivers, the Wimmera, Avoca, Loddon, Campaspe and Goulburn. In the north these valleys merge with the Murray Basin Plains which consist of extensive, flat to un- dulating alluvial plains. Clima:e The survey area has a warm temperate climate although it is generally warmer and drier on the plains to the north than on the slopes of the Western Highlands. Rain falls throughout the year, usually with a winter maximum. Mean annual rainfall for stations within the survey area varies from 504 mm at St Arnaud to 624 mm at Castle- maine. Daily mean temperatures in summer are about 14% C (minimum) and 29? C (maxi- mum) and in winter are about 4° C (minimum) and 12% C (maximum). 2 P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE Wedderburn b AL Lake Cope Cope E ©! акө Batyo Catyo Ko Melville Line | E Caves l 7; a > 23 T 4 2; Mt. Bolangum p ———— \ > а ^ E sA " a Stawell p | Mt. Beckworth — Figure 1—Place names and major blocks of Crown Land (in black) Victoria. Appendix 1. Climatic details of two representative sta- tions, Serpentine (Elevation 109 m) on the Murray Valley Plains and Heathcote (Eleva- tion 220 m) on the edge of the Western Highlands, are shown in Table 1. Habitats The following vegetation formations as de- fined by Specht (1970) and modified by the Land Conservation Council (1978) represent the broad habitats in the survey area. 1. Open-forest қ А T There are two main vegetation associations within this formation. D Mi. Korong *Clunes -4 ур Waranga nglewood Laanecoorie 4 Reservoir x ү in North Central A complete listing of place names used in this paper appears in Open-forest III occurs between 500 m and 700 m in the Western Highlands. Major occur- rences are in the Pyrenee Range, Stuart Mill- Redbank area, Mt Beckworth and near Met- calf. Dominant tree species are Eucalyptus obliqua and E. rubida with some stands of E. st-johnii, E. dives and E. radiata. Trees are generally 15-25 m tall and have straight boles; only a few older trees have hollows. The shrub layer is usually sparse and from 1:5 m to 4m tall. Acacia dealbata is the most common species and in gullies A. melanoxylon and Cassinia aculeata are also common. The ground-cover is usually dominated by Pteridium esculentum and tussock grasses. MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA TABLE 1 Climatic data from two representative stations (Bureau of Meteorology 1975) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apri May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year Daily maximum temperature (? C) А Mean 29.2 29.8 28.5 22.5 15.9 13.5 13.7 14.8 йз! 21.7 24.5 27.1 21. B Mean 290 290 248 200 163 131 125 137 150 20.0 23.0 264 202 Daily minimum temperature (° C) A Mean 134 15.0 12:7 9.4 5.6 3.3 2.6 3.2 4-2 6.4 92.11. 8.0 B Mean 13.8 14.4 10-6 8.6 5.] 2.8 2.3 3.3 4.5 6.7 8.9 10-5 7.6 Rainfall (mm) A Mean 67 65 39 53 44 xy 32 54 40 43 58 22 554 A Median 44 31 6 55 41 27 26 48 41 17 65 17. 475 B Mean 33 38 39 44 ST 64 58 61 54 50 39 36 573 B Median 20 25 25 34 32. 61 58 57 51 45 35 25 569 Raindays (No.) А Mean 5 6 6 11 9 9 10 13 8 6 7 3 93 B Mean 4 4 4 6 9 10 11 12 10 9 6 5 90 A—Serpentine (Shire Office) Open-forest II (Plate 1, Fig. 1) occurs throughout the survey area at lower altitudes on soils derived from Ordovician and Silurian sedimentaries (Newman 1961). These soils are generally poor clay loams which are shallow and skeletal on the ridges but deeper in gullies and on river flats. Dominant tree species are Eucalyptus sideroxylon and E. macrorhyncha. Less common are E. polyanthemos, E. gonio- calyx, E. microcarpa and E. melliodora. In most areas heavy demand for timber during the goldrush, and subsequent forestry practices have resulted in the forests becoming even- aged and having immature stands with much coppice regrowth and very few hollows. The shrub layer varies from sparse to mid-dense, is up to 2 m tall, and is floristically diverse. Common genera include Acacia, Cassinia, Daviesia, Pultenaea, Grevillea and Epacris. The ground-cover, often sparse, consists of scattered tussock grasses, herbs and lichens. 2. Woodland | 4 ' This formation, which occurs on low rises and plains throughout the survey area, was once widespread but has been largely cleared and is now found only in scattered patches on Crown Land. On low rises of the northern extremities of the Western Highlands, there are woodlands of Eucalyptus sideroxylon, E. leucoxylon, E. microcarpa and E. melliodora. Тһе understorey of such woodlands is usually B—Heathcote (Post Office) similar to that described for open-forest П. On the Murray Basin Plains, particularly along the broad river valleys, woodlands of E. camal- dulensis once occurred extensively but this association has been largely cleared for agri- culture. The remaining woodlands have usually been heavily grazed so that the understorey has changed from a natural Danthonia and Stipa association to one dominated by intro- duced pasture plants and weeds (Arnold 1977) (Plate 1. Fig. 2). 3. Shrubland ^ à This formation consists of scattered stands of mallee vegetation growing on sandy or gravel soils in the northern parts of the survey area. The term mallee refers to dwarf, multi- stemmed eucalypts having underground ligno- tubers. Mallee eucalypts present in the survey area include Eucalyptus behriana, E. frogeattii, E. polybractea, E. viridis and E. odorata and vary from 4 to 8 m tall with thin, straight, multiple stems and very few hollows. There are often two shrub layers: one 1:5-3 m tall consisting of acacias, melaleucas and casu- arinas; the other 0:1-1 m tall consisting of heathy shrubs such as species of Grevillea, Daviesia, Hibbertia and Baeckia. The ground- cover is open and consists of scattered ephe- meral herbs. 4. Grassland Д In this formation trees and shrubs are absent 4 P. W. MENKHORST and А. М. GILMORE or restricted to the banks of watercourses and swamps or to isolated hills. Natural grasslands of Themeda and Poa or Danthonia and Stipa may have occurred on the Murray Basin Plains. These plains have been altered by agriculture, grazing and artificial fertilizers and now con- sist of cereal crops, improved pasture or degraded grasslands dominated by introduced species particularly Mediterranean annuals. 5. Aquatic Habitats Wetlands in the survey area are mainly con- fined to the Murray Basin Plains (Fig. 1). They consist of large reservoirs, some natural lakes, slow-flowing rivers and farm impound- ments. Small streams with intermittent flows occur in the Western Highlands but are not important mammal or reptile habitats. Methods The surveys were conducted on Crown Land but observations were made on private land whenever possible. A total of 260 man- days was spent in the survey area but part of each man-day was taken up surveying birds. Half of this effort occurred between 23 June and 24 November 1975 and half between 13 September and 17 December 1976. Small mammal trapping was carried out using wire cage traps (360 mm x 200 mm x 160 mm) baited with a mixture of peanut butter, honey and rolled oats. Eighty to 100 traps were set in rows of 10 at each site, left in place for 2 nights, and cleared each morn- ing. Captured animals were either retained or marked and released. Spotlighting for arboreal mammals and macropods was carried out from a slowly moving vehicle or on foot using portable 6 volt spotlights. Characteristic scats, burrows or diggings and road-killed animals were used as evidence of a species presence wherever possible. Bats were collected at dams by stretching fine spring steel wires just above the surface of the water. Any bats which hit the wires fell to the water and were easily captured as they swam ashore. Reptiles were collected by hand by searching amongst logs, rocks and litter. A representative collection of small mammals and reptiles has been lodged in the reference collections of the National Museum of Victoria (ММУ). A search of archival Victorian mammal collections for specimens from the survey area was carried out by the Vertebrate Department, NMV (Brumley and Evans 1976). A. J. Coventry provided a list of NMV reptile speci- mens from the survey area. We searched the literature and reports of the mammal survey groups operating in Victoria and interviewed local naturalists to obtain a more complete picture of the mammal and reptile faunas. АП sources of information, including lists of speci- mens, literature records and personal commu- nications, are listed alphabetically in the Sources of Information section which, in this paper, replaces the usual References section. Each source is numbered consecutively to allow cross-referencing between it and relevant species in the Annotated Lists. АП records are mapped onto a 5” latitude- longitude grid in a manner similar to that of Churchill and de Corona (1972), Brook (1976), Norris et al. (this volume) and the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union's bird atlas project. Grid mapping allows the handling of large amounts of data and gives a clear picture of distribution patterns. Records from January 1967 to December 1977 are indicated by closed circles in the appropriate grid; those before them by open circles. We stress that these maps show only known records and do not represent complete distri- butions; rather they illustrate the lack of de- tailed knowledge of the distribution of many species. Distribution data for the easily ob- served species such as the large macropods are more complete than those of the small shy species such as the Feather-tailed Glider Acrobates pygmaeus. No attempt was made to visit every 5” grid so even the maps for easily observed species are incomplete. This is illus- trated by the map for the Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, a species which may well occur in every grid. The distribution maps should be read in conjunction with Fig. 1, showing the distribution of Crown Land which represents most of the remaining timbered areas, and with Fig. 2 showing trapping and spotlighting cover- age during the field survey. MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 5 Results Thirty-eight species of mammals were re- corded during the survey and three others (Tiger Cat Dasyurus maculatus, Quoll D. viv- errinus and Dingo Canis familiaris) have pro- bably become extinct since European settle- ment. The distribution, abundance and habitat of each species are discussed in the annotated lists as are any data on breeding which were collected during the survey. The densities of small mammals are low. During 4657 trap nights only 107 individuals of 6 species were captured, an overall trapping success rate of 2-396. Densities were highest in open-forest III in the Pyrenee Range and in mature open-forest II near Stuart Mill. Trapping success rates for species of small mammals are given in the annotated list. Arboreal mammals also occur at low den- sities. The densities of arboreal species were highest in open-forest ІП, and lowest in shrubland. Large macropods are generally common. Eight families of reptiles are represented in the 41 species recorded (Table 2). The reptile fauna of the survey area is transitional between The Bassian fauna of the Western and Central Highlands and the Eyrean fauna of the Mallee and Murray Basin Plains. Within the survey area 15 Bassian species reach the northern limit of their range and 17 Eyrean species reach their southern limit. Nine species have ranges which include the entire survey area. TABLE 2 Families of reptiles and the number of species recorded in each. Chelidae (Tortoises) 2 Agamidae (Dragons) 2 Gekkonidae (Geckoes) 3 Pygopodidae (Legless Lizards) 3 Scincidae (Skinks) 19 Varanidae (Goannas) 2 Elapidae (Snakes) 7 Typhlopidae (Blind Snakes) 3 Discussion Almost all the survey area has been used intensively by European man at some time during the past 150 years. All areas suitable for agriculture have been cleared of natural vegetation and are used for pastures or crops. Areas less suitable for agriculture remain as isolated patches of timbered Crown Land, which cover approximately 15% of the survey area and are used mainly for forestry or pro- duction of eucalyptus oil. The extensive auriferous deposits on the low hills of the Western Highlands were prac- tically mined out in the latter half of the 19th century but the effects of mining are still apparent. Alluvial mining has resulted in severe erosion in some areas. Mining requires large quantities of timber for fuel, and many of the forests were heavily cut to meet this demand. Since then the forests have been managed on a short rotation to produce poles, fence posts, railway sleepers and fuel (Newman 1961) and now consist of even-aged, immature stands having few hollows. This lack of mature trees with hollows is probably one of the main reasons for the very low densities of arboreal mammals in open- forest II. Newman (1961) details the history of exploitation of the open-forest II and describes present forestry practices such as regeneration felling (clearing of areas with a large percentage of trees of poor form) and liberation treatment (the felling or ringbarking of mature trees which affect tree regeneration adversely). These practices are deleterious to animals requiring tree hollows and, in the survey area, may threaten the existence of the Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis, Tuan Phascogale tapoatafa (Plate 2, Fig. 4) and Lace Monitor Varanus varius. Careful management of the remaining areas of mature open-forest П and woodland, in- cluding roadside verges, is necessary to ensure the survival of these species in the survey area. The reasons for the low densities of small ground-dwelling mammals vary. The general lack of dense shrub and ground-cover and the dry conditions exclude species requiring dense cover. Two such species, the Swamp Rat Rattus lutreolus and Brown Antechinus Ante- chinus stuartii, have the northern limit of their range in the wetter forests of the Pyrenee 6 P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE Range. Three other small mammals, the Tuan, Yellow-footed Antechinus Antechinus flavipes and Mouse Dunnart Sminthopsis murina are more typical of drier open-forest II and wood- land, and are present at low densities probably because of the lack of mature trees and fallen logs in the heavily used forests and because of the reduced diversity and biomass of the shrub and ground-layers caused by grazing. Most reptiles are less sensitive to changes in the composition and structure of vegetation than are mammals or birds. So long as the climate is suitable and shelter remains ade- quate, reptiles can usually be found throughout their range. Species that appear to be influ- enced by present land-use practices are the wholly or partially arboreal and fossorial species. The Lace Monitor is rarely recorded. It depends on mature trees, which are now much depleted in number. The Marbled Gecko Phyllodactylus marmoratus appears to have benefited from forestry practices that provide many old tree stumps with gaps (for shelter) between the bark and the wood. Populations of species such as Sphenomorphus tympanum, Garden Skink Lampropholis guichenoti and Morethia boulengeri are increased by the presence of large numbers of decaying logs. Fossorial species, such as the Bandy Bandy Vermicella annulata and various Blind Snakes (Typhlina) that inhabit areas with deep friable soils have their microhabitats destroyed by cultivation and have been rarely recorded from the survey area since agriculture became widespread in the late 19th Century. Annotated List of Mammals Nomenclature follows Ride (1970). Grid references to localities are given in Appendix 1. Closed circles represent records dated post January 1967; open circles represent those prior to then. TACHYGLOSSIDAE 1. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Echidna. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from: Stawell; Mt Avoca; 3 km W of Percydale; 7 km SW of Avoca; 11 km SSW of Stuart Mill; 5 km S of Teddington Reservoir; Whychi- tella Forest; 7 km SE of Wedderburn; Melville Caves; Inglewood; 2 km E of Newstead; Mt Alexander; Eppalock; Kamarooka Forest; Mandurang Forest; Lockwood Forest; Knowsley State Forest; Wellsford State Forest; Spring Gully; Big Hill; Whipstick Forest Park; 4 km SE of Heathcote; and Rushworth State Forest. НАВІТАТ. All terrestrial habitats except farmland where no native vegetation re- mains. Echidnas occur wherever termites, ants and suitable shelter are available. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. A6; B2; B3; B5; F1; F3; J1; J2; M2; M4; W3; W6; W7. Mosr RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/76 FWD surveys. Figure 2—Grids in which trapping (left) and spotlighting (right) were carried out during ihe FWD field survey. MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 7 ORNITHORHYNCHIDAE 2i Ornithorhynchus anatinus. Platypus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and restricted. Probably present in streams and reservoirs throughout the area but documented only from the Goul- burn River at Nagambie; the Loddon and Campaspe Rivers where they are locally common; Barker Creek, Castle- maine; and Sheepwash Creek, Strath- fieldsaye. HaBiTAT. Aquatic; requiring permanent fresh water with a mud or gravel substrate and banks of friable soil in which to construct nest tunnels, which may be up to 20 m long. The tunnels, being usually close to the soil surface, are susceptible to cave-ins if the banks are subjected to grazing or other heavy use. CONSERVATION ASPECTS. The Goulburn River is an important habitat for this species and the need to maintain banks free from heavy use should be considered when use of stream frontages is planned. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. À3; B3; B5; F2; F3; P2; W3; W6. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1976 (Parnaby pers. comm.). DASYURIDAE 3. Dasyurus maculatus. Tiger Cat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Probably extinct in the survey area. Anecdotal evidence of its presence in the Stuart Mill area in the early 1900s was provided by R. Douglas (pers. comm.). Recent reports from Mt Alexander (Miller pers. comm.) require confirmation. HABITAT. Open- forest ПІ and II. Sources OF INFORMA- TION. D1; M7. MosT RECENT RECORD. None. 4. Dasyurus viverrinus. Quoll. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably extinct in the survey area. Quolls were widespread and apparently common in Victoria at the turn of the century but are probably no longer present in the State. R. Douglas (pers. comm.) pro- vided anecdotal evidence of its occur- P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE rence in the Stuart Mill area in the early 1900s. The species may have been present at Tang Tang Swamp near Dingee until the 1950s (Wilkinson pers. comm.). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest П and woodland. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. D1; W6. MOST RECENT RECORD. None. Phascogale tapoatafa. Tuan. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncom- mon to rare and widespread in the south, not recorded in the north. Recorded from: Landsborough; Eversly; Elmhurst; Teddington; Warrenmang; Avoca; Stuart Mill; 8 km S of Redbank; Mt Beckworth; Newstead; Castlemaine; Tarnagulla; Lock- wood; Walmer Forest; Big Hill; Whip- stick Forest Park; Mt Alexander; Elphin- stone; Eppalock; Heathcote; Graytown; and Longwood. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest ПІ and II and woodland, particularly those of box or stringbark, having a grass or open shrub understorey. Requires hollow trees for nest sites. CONSERVATION ASPECTS. Woodland and open-forest were formerly much more widespread in the survey area and those remaining have been altered by timber cutting, mining and grazing. The specific effects of these changes on Tuan populations are un- known but are almost certainly dele- terious. The most stable population in the survey area appears to be in the Stuart Mill area but reservations of mature woodland and open-forest habitats are urgently required throughout the area. BREEDING. A female, lactating from all 8 nipples, was trapped at Mt Alexander on 25 November 1976. SOURCES OF INFOR- MATION. B2 [erroneously called Ante- chinus tapoatafa]; ВЗ; B5; СІ [as P. penicillata]; El; F2; F3; F4; M4; M5; M7; P2; W3; W6. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (ММУ C16230). 6. Antechinus flavipes. Yellow-footed Antechinus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and widespread. Recorded from: Deep Lead; Stawell; Landsborough; St Arnaud; 5 km NW of Redbank; 5 km N of Glenlofty; Glenlofty; Stuart Mill; 3 km E of Stuart Mill; 8 km S of Stuart Mill; 5 km NW of Avoca; Avoca; 14 km E of Stuart Mill; Wedderburn; 4 km NW of Moliagul; 4 km WNW of Mt Hooghly; Melville Caves; 9 km SW of Korong Vale; Mt Beckworth; Tarnagulla; Lock- wood; 5 km W of Muckleford 5 km SSW of Kamarooka; 26 km N of Bendigo; Whipstick Forest Park; Mandurang Forest; Vaughan; Mt Alexander; 3 km ESE of Guildford; 8 km E of Pilchers Bridge Twin Rivers; 11 km NNW of Redesdale; Rushworth State Forest; Mt Black; 9 km SW of Baillieston; and 2 km N of Graytown. During the FWD survey a total of 34 individuals was captured at 12 sites. Maximum trapping rate was 6% (14 km E of Stuart Mill). HABITAT. Open-forest II and woodland particularly where the trees are mature and have hollows for nest sites. Densities were highest in mixed Eucalyptus leucoxylon, E. melliodora and E. sideroxylon wood- land. The greatest altitude at which the species was recorded is 520 m in the Pyrenee Range. CONSERVATION ASPECTS. This species is surprisingly uncommon at many localities. The forestry practice of removing mature and over-mature trees may be partly responsible for its rarity. BREEDING. Trapping was not con- tinuous in spring and early summer of 1975 or 1976 so little precise data were MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 9 obtained. Females with pouch young were trapped on 20 September 1975 and 24 November 1976. In 1976 lactating females without pouch young were first trapped on 29 September and independent young were trapped and observed from 23 to 25 November. The number of nipples varied from 10 to 12. The number of cap- tured males was too few to allow com- ment on the timing of post-mating die-off. SoURCES OF INFORMATION. B2; B3; B5; F2; F3; H1; M2; M4; M7; P2; W3; W4; W6. MosT RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (NMV C16229). Antechinus stuartii. Brown Antechinus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common but restricted to the south. Recorded from: Glenlofty; 6 km N of Glenlofty; the headwaters of Glenlofty Creek; head- waters of Nowhere Creek; and 3:5 km W of Percydale, all in the Pyrenee Range, and from Vaughan. These localities rep- resent the northern limit of its range in Central Victoria. During the FWD survey a total of 25 individuals was trapped at 4 sites with a maximum trapping rate of 5%. HABITAT. Open-forest III and II particularly where there is well-developed ground-cover. Recorded in gullies іп Eucalyptus viminalis, E. st-johnii open- forest; in ridge-top E. rubida open-forest; and in mixed E. st-johnii, E. microcarpa, E. melliodora, E. polyanthemos, Е. macrohyncha open-forest with sparse ground-cover. BREEDING. Trapping in the Pyrenee Range took place between 7 and 15 December 1976. Adult females had 9 or 10 nipples. Lactating females without pouch young were trapped from 8-14 December and independent young were trapped on 12 and 13 December. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B5; F3; P2; W4. Most RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (NMV C16368). 8. Sminthopsis murina. Mouse Dunnart. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and restricted. Only one record exists from the survey area: from 9 km ENE of Costerfield in 1975. HABITAT. In other parts of Victoria it is associated with dry woodland or shrubland (mallee) habitats. The specimen at Costerfield was found dead іп Eucalyptus sideroxylon wood- land having a sparse understorey. SoURCES OF INFORMATION. B5; F3. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (ММУ C15741). 4 Г BEHE [estes pete a t E] AHTN ONN SLU 10 P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE 9. Sminthopsis crassicaudata. Fat-tailed Dunnart. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and widespread in the western two- thirds of the survey area; not recorded in the eastern third. Recorded from: Deep Lead; Stawell; Landsborough; St Arnaud; Avoca; 8 km S of Redbank; 5 km SW of Redbank; 1 km S of Lamplough; 11 km S of Wedderburn; Mysia; Guildford Plateau; Maryborough; Mt Alexander; Mt Hooghly; 3 km E of Calivil; Calivil; Whipstick Forest Park; Kamarooka; and Goornong. НАВІТАТ. Grassland апа grassy woodland. The native grasslands of the survey area have largely been con- verted to farmland where this species appears to survive well as long as rocks or logs are available for nest sites. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B2; B3; B5; C5; DI; F2; F3; M4 [erroneously called Antechinus macdonnellensis]; M5; W3; W6. Моѕт RECENT RECORD. 1975 (ММУ C15376). PHASCOLARCTIDAE 10. Phascolarctos cinereus. Koala. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncom- mon and restricted to the Pyrenee Range; Lower Homebush; the forest between St Arnaud and Redbank; Mt Alexander; the Bendigo region; and possibly Goat Island in the Goulburn River near Nagambie. Specific records come from: Mt Avoca; Warrenmang; Teddington Reservoir; 4 km S of Teddington Reservoir; Lower Homebush; Mt Alexander; Mandurang South; Spring Gully; Big Hill; Bendigo; and 5 km N of Nagambie. This distribu- tion is a result of liberations by the FWD. So far as is known, no populations re- mained in the survey area following the decline of this species in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Liberations began in 1941 and are continuing. A total of 598 koalas have been liberated near Castlemaine, 18 near Avoca, 17 at Met- calf, an unknown number near Redbank and 4 оп Goat Island, Nagambie. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest ПІ and П and woodland. Koalas have specific food re- quirements and only the leaves of certain eucalypts are suitable. In the survey area suitable food trees (Eucalyptus viminalis, E. ovata, E. obliqua, E. goniocalyx, E. rubida, E. melliodora, E. camaldulensis and E. macrorhyncha) occur only on the Western Highlands and foothills, and along streams where E. camaldulensis occurs. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B3; B5; F2; F3; L2; M4; M5; P3; W3; W6. MosT RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/76 FWD survey. PHALANGERIDAE 11. Trichosurus vulpecula. Brush-tailed Possum. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from: Stawell; Kingston Mine; Paradise; Rostron; Tat- tington; 8 km E of Stuart Mill; 5 km ENE of Kanya; 11 km N of Stuart Mill; 1 km S of Teddington Reservoir; 7 km S of MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 11 Warrenmang; Mt Warrenmang; Percy- dale; throughout the Pyrenee Range; Avoca; Lamplough; 7 km E of Stuart Mill; 14 km E of Stuart Mill; Whychi- tella Forest Park; 6 km SW of Korong Vale; Melville Caves; Mt Korong; Mt Beckworth; Eddington; Maldon; Castle- maine; Campbells Creek; 3 km W of Sedgwick; Lockwood Forest; Emu Creek; Mt Alexander; Bendigo; Whip- stick Forest Park; 3 km E of Strathfield- saye; Goornong; Mt Sugarloaf; Heathcote; throughout Rushworth State Forest; Graytown; Reedy Lake State Forest; and Nagambie. HABITAT. Present wherever there are trees with suitable nest hollows; most common in woodland but also plentiful in open-forest ПІ and II, road- side reserves and farmland with trees. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. Аб; B2; B3; B5; El; Fl; ЕЗ; M2; M4; W3; W6; W7. MosT RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/76 FWD survey. PETAURIDAE 12. Pseudocheirus peregrinus. Ring-tailed Possum. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and widespread. Recorded from: Stawell; St Arnaud; Mt Bolangum; King- ston Mine; Rostron; Teddington Reser- voir; 4 km S of Teddington Reser- voir; 7 km E of Stuart Mill; 13 km E of Stuart Mill; Whychitella Forest Park; Melville Caves; Inglewood; Bendigo; Emu Creek; Knowsley State Forest; Castlemaine; 3 km W of Sedgewick; Mt [s Tarrengower; Maldon; 4 km W of Muckleford; Mt Ida; Whroo; and Reedy Lake State Forest. HABITAT. Open-forest ПІ and II and woodland. Usually associ- ated with a tall, dense shrub layer in which nests are built. The species also occurs іп open-forest and woodland lacking a shrub layer, where they con- struct nests in hollows or clumps of dense foliage such as provided by Mistletoe (Loranthaceae). The majority of records are from Eucalyptus microcarpa, E. melliodora open-forest П and E. camal- dulensis woodland. SouRCES OF INFOR- MATION, B2 [erroneously called Tricho- surus peregrinus]; B3; B5; ЕЗ; M2; М4 [as P. laniginosus]; P2; S2; W3; W6; W7. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1976 (FWD 10913). Petaurus breviceps. Sugar Glider. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and widespread. Recorded from: Stawell; Landsborough; 7 km W of Avoca; Kingower; Fell Gully; 3 km W of Sedgewick; 3 km SSE of Guildford; 14. P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE Spring Gully; 3 km E of Strathfieldsaye; Strathfieldsaye; Kennington; Huntly; Kamarooka; Wellsford State Forest; Muckleford Creek; Bendigo; 5 km ESE of Maldon; Mt Alexander; Eppa- lock; Mt Ida; Colbinabbin; and Rush- worth State Forest. HABITAT. Open-forest Ш and II and woodland, particularly where acacias are present. Tree hollows are required for nest sites. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B2; B3; B5; F2; F3; M2; M4; P2; W3; W6. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (ММУ C16375). Petaurus norfolcensis. Squirrel Glider. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Rare and restricted (localized and uncommon to rare in Victoria). Recorded from: 5 km NW of Stawell; Glenorchy; and 17:5 km 5 of Colbinabbin in Rushworth State Forest. HABITAT. Woodlands of Eucalyptus microcarpa, E. melliodora, E. leucoxylon or E. camaldulensis appear to be the preferred habitat in Victoria. CONSERVATION ASPECTS. Most of its pre- ferred habitat has been cleared or altered by timber cutting, mining and grazing. Wakefield (1974) states that there is probably nothing that can be done for the Glenorchy population because its habitat has been largely destroyed. Only one authentic record is known from Rush- worth State Forest and this dates from 1961. The position of this species in Victoria is precarious and reservation of the known localities is urgently required. BREEDING. А female with 2 pouch young was captured 17:5 km S of Colbinabbin оп 25 September 1961. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. А5; B5; F2; W2; W3. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1970 (ММУ C9543). BURRAMYIDAE 15. Acrobates pygmaeus. Feather-tailed Glider. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and widespread. Recorded from: Stawell; St Arnaud; Warrenmang; Chew- ton; Whipstick Forest Park; Sedgewick; and Rushworth State Forest. HABITAT. Open-forest ІП and II and woodland. Areas with a well-developed shrub layer appear to be preferred. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. А5; B5; F2; W2; W3. Most RECENT RECORD. 1971 (ММУ C11121). Cercartetus nanus. Eastern Pygmy Possum. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and widespread in the south, not recorded from the north. Recorded from: Stawell; Avoca; Muckleford; Mt Ida; and Rush- worth State Forest. HABITAT. Open-forest III and П and woodland. Most woodlands and open-forests are suitable, particu- larly those with a tall, dense layer of proteaceous and myrtaceous shrubs. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. А1; A4; B5; F2; М4; W1; W3; W6. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1965 (FWD P496). MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 13 MACROPODIDAE 17. Macropus giganteus. Eastern Grey Kangaroo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from: Deep Lead; Stawell; Mt Bolangum; Kingston Mine; Rostron; St Arnaud; Stuart Mill; 1 km W of Teddington Reservoir; Ted- dington; Redbank; throughout the Pyrenee Range; Percydale; Avoca; 13 km E of Stuart Mill; Logan; 9 km W of Emu; Bung Bong; 5 km ENE of Kanya; Whych- itella Forest Park; Korong Vale; Melville Caves; Maldon; 5 km W of Muckleford; Newstead; Harcourt; Mt Alexander; Big Hill; Bendigo; Emu Creek; Whipstick Forest Park; Kamarooka Forest; Bagshot; Goornong; Axedale State Forest; 5 km W of Pilchers Bridge; Lake Eppalock; Heathcote; 6 km E of Heathcote; Gray- town; and throughout Rushworth State Forest. HABITAT. Open-forest ІП and П or woodland with grass understoreys; also those with shrub understoreys and shrub- land (mallee) if nearby grassland 15 available for grazing. CONSERVATION ASPECTS. The small size and isolation of many of the populations of Eastern Grey Kangaroos make them vulnerable to habitat destruction and illegal shooting. Large reserves are necessary to support viable populations. SOURCES OF INFOR- MATION. A6; B2 [as M. major]; B3; B5; F1; F2; F3; M2; MA [as M. major]; M5; P2; W3; W6; W7. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (NMV C16892). Macropus fuliginosus. Western Grey Kangaroo. ABUNDANCE АМО DISTRIBUTION. Re- stricted to the north-west where it is probably uncommon. Recorded from: 4 km W of Inglewood and, as a road-killed animal, 12 km NW of Inglewood (Belcher pers. comm.). There are unconfirmed reports from the Whychitella area (John- son pers. comm.). HABITAT. Open-forest II and woodland with a grassy under- storey, shrubland and grassland. SoURCES OF INFORMATION. Bl; J2; W7. Мовт RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C17186). Wallabia bicolor. Black Wallaby. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and widespread. Locally common in the Pyrenee Range and Rushworth State Forest. Recorded from: throughout the Pyrenee Range; Stuart Mill; 7 km NNW of Redbank; Whychitella Forest Park; Melville Caves; Inglewood; Maldon; Whipstick Forest Park; Kamarooka P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE Forest; Axedale State Forest; Emu Creek; Heathcote; Mt Ida; and throughout Rush- worth State Forest. HABITAT. Open-forest Ш and II and mallee. This browsing species is most common in areas having a dense shrub understorey but occurs in lower numbers where a sparse shrub understorey exists. SOURCES OF INFOR- MATION. Аб; B2; B3; B5; Fl; F2; F3; L4 [photograph р10 erroneously labelled Red-necked Wallaby]; M2; M4; P2; T1; W3; W6; W7. MOST RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/76 FWD surveys. Ча! PTEROPIDAE 20. Pteropus scapulatus. Little Red Fruit Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and restricted. An autumn vagrant to Central Victoria. Two records exist from the survey area; from Kangaroo Flat and Serpentine. HaBiTAT. Open-forest ІП and II, woodland and farmland. The few individuals which wander as far south as Victoria usually occur near flowering eucalypts or orchards where they feed on 21. blossoms or fruit. SOURCES OF INFOR- MATION. B5; F2; F3. MoST RECENT RECORD. 1976 (ММУ C16244). Pteropus poliocephalus. Grey-headed Fruit Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and widespread. An autumn and winter nomad to southern Victoria. Recorded from: , Callawadda; Carisbrooke; Harcourt; and Bendigo. HABITAT. Open-forest, wood- land and farmland. It feeds on blossoms and fruit and usually occurs near flower- ing eucalypts, gardens ог orchards. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B5; W6. Most RECENT RECORD. 1973 (ММУ CI 22397 VESPERTILIONIDAE 22. Pipistrellus tasmaniensis. Tasmanian Pipistrelle. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably common in the forests of the Western Highlands, only recorded from 7 km W of Mt Avoca in the Pyrenee Range. 23. 24. Nycticeius greyi. MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 15 HABITAT. Open-forest ІП. Most RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (ММУ (16359). Eptesicus pumilus. Little Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from: Deep Lead; Kingston Mine; 7 km W of Mt Avoca; 8 km W of Avoca; 7 km Ss sot stuart Mil ІШІ km E оғ Stuart Mill; Carisbrooke; Castlemaine; Amherst; 10 km NNE of Graytown; and 19 km NW of Graytown. HABITAT. Open- forest ІП and II, woodland and farm- land. It uses tree hollows or buildings for maternity sites, SOURCES OF INFORMA- TION. B5; F3; P2; W3; W6. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (NMV C16360). [| J ОЕЕО О H Little Broad-nosed Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and possibly widespread. Recorded only from Carisbrook, which is the most south-easterly record of this species in Victoria. HABITAT. Drier inland areas. 25; SoURCES OF INFORMATION. B5; MI [as М. balstoni]; P1 [as М. balstoni]; R3 [as Scoteinus balstoni], W3. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1963 (NMV 4018). Chalinolobus gouldii. Gould's Wattled Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably common and widespread. Recorded from: 7 km S of Stuart Mill; St Arnaud; Am- herst; 2 km NW of Bailieston; and 10 km NNE of Graytown. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest III and II, woodland and farmland. Uses tree hollows or buildings for maternity sites. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B5; F3; P2. Мовт RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey. (NMV C16628). 26: Chalinolobus morio. Chocolate Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably common and widespread. Recorded only from Newstead; Amherst; and Vaughan but probably occurs throughout the sur- vey area. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest ІП and II, woodland and farmland. Uses tree 16 2 7); P. W. MENKHORST and А. M. GILMORE hollows or buildings for maternity sites. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B5; P2. Most RECENT RECORD. 1976 (ММУ СІ6017). Nyctophilus geoffroyi. Lesser Long-eared Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from: Lands- borough; 7 km S of Stuart Mill; Mt Warrenmang; Logan; 8 km W of Avoca; Glenalbyn; 5 km S of Maldon; Maldon; Campbells Creek; California Gully; Vaughan; Castlemaine; Amherst; Whip- stick Forest Park; Ravenswood; Big Hill; and Maiden Gully. HABITAT. Open-forest ПІ and II, woodland and farmland. Uses tree hollows, buildings or crevices beneath bark as maternity sites. SouRCES ОЕ INFORMATION. B3; B5; F3; P2; W3; W6. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (NMV C16224). 28. Nyctophilus timoriensis. Greater Long-eared Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably widespread and common although re- corded only from 7-5 km S of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. Open-forest ІП and II, woodland and grassland. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. P2; W3. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Parnaby pers. comm.). MOLOSSIDAE д9 Tadarida australis. White-striped Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably common and widespread although only recorded from: Carisbrooke; Amherst; Costerfield; Heathcote; and 10 km NNE of Graytown. HABITAT. Open-forest П, woodland and mallee fringes. Uses tree hollows as maternity sites. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B5; ЕЗ; P2; W2. Мозт RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ C16632). Hote Lo FIT up Tadarida planiceps. Little Flat Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably common and widespread. Recorded from: Stawell; 7 km S of Stuart Mill; 11 km E of Stuart Mill; Carisbrooke; Amherst; Heathcote; 10 km NNE of Graytown; and 2 km NW of Bailieston. HABITAT. MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 17 Open-forest П, woodland and mallee fringes. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B5; F3; Pl; P2; R3; W3. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C16631). LEPORIDAE 31. 9o Lepus europaeus. Hare. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and widespread, probably occurring throughout the cleared areas. Recorded from: Deep Lead; 1 km S of St Arnaud; 11 km S of St Arnaud; 2 km N of Glen- lofty; 14 km W of Avoca; 10 km W of Avoca; Sugarloaf Reservoir; Mt Alex- ander; Whipstick Forest Park; and Reedy Lake State Forest. HaBirAT. Mainly farmland but it also occurs in low numbers in open-forest or woodland with a grassy understorey. The species rests and breeds in patches of dense grass. SOURCES OF INTORMATION. F1; F3; W3; W6. Most RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/ 76 FWD survey. a a go ЕШ sh [| En Ев: Б e ||| Oryctolagus cuniculus. Rabbit. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded throughout the survey area. НАВІТАТ. Most terrestrial habitats. Densities are highest in un- improved grasslands and lowest in undis- turbed open-forest. SOURCES OF INFOR- MATION. C4; F3; L3; W3. MOST RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/76 FWD survey. MURIDAE 33. Rattus rattus. Black Rat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and widespread. Recorded from: Nowhere Creek and the headwaters of Nowhere Creek in the Pyrenee Range; 7 km S of Warrenmang; Percydale; 0:5 km N of Teddington Reservoir; Melville Caves; Mt Alexander; Castlemaine; 2 km NW of Sedgewick; Mandurang South; Emu Creek; Kamarooka Forest; and 4 km SW of Heathcote. During the FWD survey 12 individuals were trapped at 7 sites with a maximum trapping rate of 1-5%. HaBiTAT. Open-forest ІП and П, woodland, farmland and urban areas. Densities are highest near human habita- tion or disturbed areas but it also occurs in little-disturbed areas. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. B3; B5; F1; F3; M2; W3. MosT RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (ММУ C16367). TID 34. Rattus norvegicus. P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE Sewer Rat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably uncommon; only recorded from Maiden Gully and is said to occur in the Bendigo urban area. HaBriTAT. Usually associated with human habitation апа refuse. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ВЗ; W6. Most RECENT RECORD. 1976 (FWD 11754). 35. Rattus lutreolus. Swamp Rat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably uncommon and restricted to a small area at the southern end of the Pyrenee Range near Glenlofty where it was trapped in 1962. This represents the north-west limit of its range in Victoria. HABITAT. Open- forest Ш and П with a dense ground- cover of grasses, sedges or heath. In the Glenlofty area such habitats are restricted to riparian or other low-lying areas. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. F2; W3. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1962 (FWD R2622). ы а рее [| [| [| a | [| [| a Б ) 36. 34. Mus musculus. House Mouse. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Its abundance varies greatly according to availability of food. Recorded from: Mt Bolangum; 3 km E of Stuart Mill; 2 km NW of Sedgewick; Emu Creek; Mt Sugarloaf; Mt Alexander; 2 km W of Knowsley; 4 km SW of Heathcote; and Graytown. During the FWD survey 18 individuals were trapped at 4 sites with a maximum trapping rate of 4%. HABITAT. Most common in farm- land and areas of human habitation although they occur in most terrestrial habitats. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. F3; M4; W3; W6. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (ММУ C16231). Hydromys chrysogaster. Eastern Water Rat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and restricted. Recorded from: Lake Batyo Catyo; Teddington Reservoir; Baringhup; Muckleford Creek; New- stead; Cairn Curran Reservoir; 8 km SE of Castlemaine; Serpentine; Eddington; Harcourt; 3 km SW of Guildford; Emu Creek; Lake Weeroona; Lake Neangar; 2 km NW of Sedgewick; Lake Eppalock; and Nagambie. They almost certainly occur in most streams, reservoirs and irrigation channels in the survey area. HABITAT. Aquatic. Water rats occur along water courses and around the edge of lakes, farm dams and reservoirs. SOURCES MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 19 OF INFORMATION. B2; B3; B5; F3; M4; P2; W6. MOST RECENT RECORD. (ММУ C16133). 1975 CANIDAE 38. Vulpes vulpes. Fox. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from: Mt Bolangum; Kingston Mine; Nowhere Creek; between Stuart Mill and St Arnaud; Teddington Reservoir; 2 km S of Ted- dington Reservoir; 5 km SW of Stuart Mill; 8 km W of Avoca; Mt Moliagul; Whychitella Forest Park; Mt Alexander; Kamarooka Forest; Axedale Forest; Whipstick Forest Park; and 5 km W of Muckleford. HABITAT. Most prevalent in farmland adjoining bushland although it occurs at lower densities in most terres- trial habitats; SOURCES OF INFORMATION. A2; C4; Fl; F3; L3; ТІ; W3; W6. Most RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/ 76 FWD survey. FELIDAE 39 Felis catus. Cat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncom- mon and widespread. Free-ranging cats were observed near Glenpatrick; 5 km SW of Stuart Mill; 13 km E of Stuart Mill; Melville Caves; Graytown; and in Rushworth State Forest; and a skull was found at Mt Korong. HaBiTAT. Most terrestrial habitats. SOURCES OF INFOR- MATION. C5; F3; M4; W3. MOST RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/76 FWD survey. CERVIDAE 40. Cervus unicolor. Sambar Deer. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and restricted. Small numbers have been seen in the Pyrenee Range (O’Brien pers. comm.). HABITAT. Open-forest ІП and П. Most RECENT RECORD. Observed by forestry workers during 1975. 20 P. W. MENKHORST апа A. M. GILMORE Annotated List of Reptiles CONSERVATION ASPECTS. The impact of impoundments that change water tem- Nomenclature follows Cogger (1975) except peratures and flood regimes is cer for Lampropholis guichenoti which follows unknown. MosT E RECORD, D Greer (1974), and the description of Leiolo- (Hutchinson pers. comm. ). pisma coventryi by Rawlinson (1975), and snakes of the genus Unechis where we use the species recognized by Coventry (1971). Grid references to localities are given in Appendix 1. CHELIDAE 41. Chelodina longicollis. Long-necked Tortoise. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Occurs throughout, although the only specimen records are from Goulburn Weir and Reedy Lake. HABITAT. Recorded in all types of permanent waters including AGAMIDAE rivers, lakes, farm dams and irrigation channels. Farmland and Eucalyptus camaldulensis woodland adjacent to aquatic habitat are used for egg-laying in spring. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. F3; МІ. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (ММУ D48263). 43. Amphibolurus barbatus. Bearded Dragon. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread throughout but appears to be most common in the north. Recorded from: Dunolly; Stawell; Corop West; Bendigo; Nagambie; Bet Bet; Melville Caves; Mt Korong; 8 km N of Wedderburn; Talbot; 2 km S of Rheola; Wellsford State Forest; 2 km WSW of Whroo; 9 km E of Avoca; 20 km SW of Dunolly; Mt Sugarloaf; 6 km S of Elmore; 4 km E of Coonooer Bridge; 6 km SSE of Bolangum; and 4 km NW of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. Re- corded in Eucalyptus sideroxylon open- forest II, E. camaldulensis woodland, and farmland. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; М1; WS. Most RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV D50329). 42. Emydura macquarii. Murray Turtle. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Recorded from the Goulburn River at Chateau Tahbilk (Hutchinson pers. comm.). It probably occurs in the major rivers flow- ing into the Murray (i.e. Loddon, Cam- paspe and Goulburn). HABITAT. Appears to be restricted to the larger rivers. 44. MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 21 Amphibolurus muricatus. Jacky Lizard. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread and common. Recorded from: Whroo; Melville Caves; Kingston Mine; Great Western; Mt Black; 4:5 km N of Graytown; 4 km SE of Fryerstown; 3 km SE of Rushworth; Mt Sugarloaf; 4 km W of Muckleford; 8 km S of Avoca; and 7 km SSW of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. Only recorded in open-forest II of Eucalyptus sideroxylon and E. microcarpa. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. F3; МІ; ; W5. Мот RECENT RECORD. 1978 (ММУ 050328). LIE att ЫЕ? at BEBBEEPNE. GEKKONIDAE 45. Diplodactylus vittatus. Wood Gecko. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread in the north. Appears to occur in disjunct populations. Recorded from: Melville Caves; Bendigo; 9 km NNW of Eaglehawk; 7 km NW of Melville Caves; and 5 km S of Rushworth. HABITAT. Recorded in rocky outcrops in ореп- 46. 4T. forest II and shrubland. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; МІ. MosT RECENT RECORD, 1978 (ММУ 050624). Underwoodisaurus milii. Thick-tailed Gecko. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread, but rarer in the south and east. Recorded from: Dunolly; Castlemaine; Bendigo; St Arnaud; Maldon; 4 km N of Buckrabanyule; Kangaroo Flat; Melville Caves; Mt Korong; 6 km SW of Whychi- tella; 3 km W of Borung; 10 km SW of Glenalbyn; Mt Bolangum; Mt Black; Mt Alexander; 1 km W of Landsborough; 3 km N of Crowlands; 2 km E of Navarre; Mt Moliagul; 7 km NW of Melville Caves; 4 km E of Coonooer Bridge; 7 km W of Redbank; and 2 km NW of Stuart Mill. НАВІТАТ. Recorded mainly in rocky areas in Eucalyptus microcarpa woodland. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; МІ; W5. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV D50199). Phyllodactylus marmoratus. Marbled Gecko. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread and common. Recorded from: Elmore; Great Western; Elmhurst; Mur- chison; Stawell; Dunolly; Heathcote; Nagambie; Wedderburn; Melville Caves; Mt Bolangum; Kingston Mine; Mt Korong; 6 km SW of Whychitella; 3 km W of Borung; 5 km WNW of Korong Vale; 10 km SW of Glenalbyn; 1 km W of Mt Moliagul; 11 km E of Stuart Mill; 22 P. W. MENKHORST Mt Sugarloaf; Mt Alexander; 6 km W of Raywood; 8 km WNW of Avoca; Mt Tarrengower; 2 km NW of Stuart Mill; 7 km W of Redbank; 8 km W of Warren- mang; 7 km N of Glenlofty; 5 km NW of Stuart Mill; 7 km NW of Melville Caves; 4 km E of Coonooer Bridge; and 1 km S of Redbank. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest II and woodland. Shelters beneath bark and amongst rocks. SOURCES OF INFORMA- TION. F3; МІ; W5. MosT RECENT RECORD, 1978 (NMV D50228). PYGOPODIDAE 48. Delma impar. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread and uncommon. Recorded from: Maryborough (Kluge 1974); Mia Mia; and Mitiamo. HABITAT. Appears to favour areas with a grassy ground-cover on a basalt substrate. SOURCES OF INFOR- MATION. K2; МІ. MOST RECENT RECORD. Kluge (1974) gives no date for the Mary- borough specimen; the Mia Mia specimen was collected іп 1965 (ММУ D15442). and A. M. GILMORE 49. 50. Delma inornata. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread but not often found. Recorded from: Stawell; Elmore; Maryborough; Mitiamo; Puckapunyal; Talbot; Wedder- burn; 5 km WNW of Korong Vale; Whroo; 13:5 km E of Stuart Mill; 1 km N of Crowlands; 1 km W of Lands- borough; Barkly; and 2 km SW of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. Open-forest II and farm- land. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. Nl; W5. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV D50676). Pygopus lepidopodus. Common Scaly-foot. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. The only record is a specimen from Dunolly col- lected in 1895 (NMV R10928). SCINCIDAE 51. Cryptoblepharus boutoni. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Occurs only in the north-west corner. Recorded from 4 km W of Borung. HABITAT. Wood- MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 23 land of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. SOURCE OF INFORMATION. МІ. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1976 (NMV D48084). Ctenotus robustus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread and common. Recorded from: Dunolly; Avoca; Ravenswood; 6 km NW of Maldon; 10 km SW of Glenalbyn; Mt Korong; 6 km SW of Whychitella; 3 km W of Borung; Mt Bolangum; 3 km WNW of Melville Caves; 5 km NE of Graytown; 8 km SSW of Nagambie; Whroo; 4 km W of Muckleford; 2:5 km NW of Maldon; Mt Tarrengower; 4 km М of Buckrabanyule; 8 km WNW of Stuart Mill; 5 km SSE of Redbank; 6 km S of Moliagul; 4 km E of Coonooer Bridge; Mt Moliagul; and 3 km ENE of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. Open-forest П of Eucalyptus sideroxylon and Е. micro- carpa. It shelters beneath rocks. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; МІ; W5. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV D50306). Here Li “ДАЙ ан up Ctenotus uber. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Occurs in the west of the survey area. Recorded from 8 km N of Wedderburn; Barkly; and Mt Korong. НАВІТАТ. Eucalyptus microcarpa woodland апа farmland. SOURCE OF INFORMATION. МІ. Most RECENT RECORD. 1978 (ММУ 050673). Hemiergis decresiensis. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread in the west of the survey area. Recorded from: Melville Caves; Mt Korong; Mt Bolangum; Stuart Mill; 8 km WNW of Stuart Mill; 7 km NNE of Glen- lofty; 3 km N of Avoca; 7:5 km S of Stuart Mill; 1 km S of Redbank; 1 km NE of Mt Bolangum; 8 km W of Warren- mang; 5 km SW of Warrenmang; 7 km N of Glenlofty; 5 km NW of Stuart Mill; 3 km N of Stuart Mill; 13 km E of Lands- borough; and 0:5 km E of Glenlofty. HABITAT. Appears to be restricted to areas of open-forest П and woodland with deep soil, frequently beneath de- 24 P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE composing logs. SOURCES OF INFOR- 57. Leiolopisma coventryi. Coventry’s Skink. MATION. ЕЗ; МІ; W5. MOST RECENT ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Restricted RECORD. 1978 (ММУ 050267). to the Pyrenee Range. Recorded from ере] ӘП 7 km N of Glenlofty. HABITAT. Open- 55. Hemiergis peronii. Fx) ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Recorded forest ПІ. Most RECENT RECORD. 1978 at Stawell in 1976 (NMV D48291). (NMV D50748). 56. Lampropholis guichenoti. Garden Skink, 58. Leiolopisma entrecasteauxii. Grass Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted spread and common. Appears to be more to the Pyrenee Range. Recorded from: common in the south and east. Recorded 5 km NE of Glenlofty; Mt Avoca; 5 i from: Castlemaine; Maryborough; Whroo; S of Warrenmang; 7 km N of Glenlofty; Maldon; 5 km NE of Graytown; 13 km and Nowhere Creek. НАВІТАТ. Open- ESE of Heathcote; 3 km SE of Rush- forest П. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; worth; Mt Sugarloaf: 4 km W of Muckle- NI. Mosr RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV ford; 5 km S of Teddington Reservoir; D50740). 5 kn NE of Glenlofty; 8 km W of War- renmang; 5 km SW of Warrenmang; 7 km N of Glenlofty; Mt Korong; Mt Tar- rengower; 1 km S of Redbank; 9 km NNE of Glenlofty; and 7:5 km 5 of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. Recorded in all forested habitats. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; М1; W5. Мовт RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV 050254). 59. Leiolopisma trilineata. Three-lined Skink. А ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted HH ТЕТИР to the Pyrenee Range. Recorded from: 7 km NNE of Glenlofty; and 13 km E of Landsborough. НАВІТАТ. Open- -forest II and III where ground-cover is sparse. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; М1. Most RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV D50262). 61. MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF Lerista bougainvillii. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread and common. Recorded from: Mt Bolangum; 14 km E of Stuart Mill; Stawell; Corop West; Bendigo; Nagambie; 3 km WNW of Melville Caves; Mt Korong; 3 km W of Borung; Melville Caves; Mt Sugarloaf; 7 km NW of Bag- shot North; 2 km E of Maldon; 2 km W of Knowsley; 8 km WNW of Avoca; 6 km NE of Dunolly; Mt Tarrengower; ] km S of Redbank; 2 km N of Bet Bet; 7 km W of Redbank; and 6:5 km SW of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. Recorded from open-forest П and woodland. It shelters beneath rocks and litter. SoURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; М1; W5. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV D50225). Menetia greyi. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. in the north-west of the survey area. Re- corded from: 4 km WNW of Korong Vale; 10 km NW of Wedderburn; and Occurs NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 25 4 km W of Borung. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest П and shrubland. SOURCE OF INFOR- MATION. NI. Most RECENT RECORD. 1976 (NMV D48214). ж 62. Morethia boulengeri. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Occurs throughout the survey area except the far south. Recorded from: Axedale; 4 km N of Eaglehawk; 3 km N of Bendigo; Mt Korong; 6 km SW of Wychitella; 8 km N of Wedderburn; 5 km WNW of Korong Vale; 10 km SW of Glenalbyn; 3 km WNW of Melville Caves; Mt Bolangum; 4 km N of Buckrabanyule; Kingston Mine; Maryborough; 8 km SSW of Nagambie; Whroo; 8 km S of Rushworth; 7 km NW of Bagshot North; 2:5 km NW of Maldon; 6 km S of Moliagul; 2 km NW of Stuart Mill; 3 km N of Mt Moliagul; 4 km S of Moliagul; 1 km S of Tarnagulla; 2 km W of Llanelly; 7 km NW of Melville Caves; 1 km E of Mt Moliagul; 5 km SE of Coonooer Bridge; 26 P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE and 6:5 km SW of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. 65. Egernia saxatilis. Black Rock Skink. Recorded from Eucalyptus sideroxylon ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Recorded and E. microcarpa open-forest П and from Stawell in 1903 (ММУ D3150). shrubland (mallee). Occurs in areas with This specimen possibly came from the dense litter. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. Grampians where the species is wide- ЕЗ; МІ; W5. MOST RECENT RECORD. spread (Emison ef al. 1978). SOURCE OF 1978 (NMV D50309). INFORMATION. N1. 63. Sphenomorphus tympanum. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted to the Pyrenee Range. Recorded from: Nowhere Creek; Mt Avoca; and 5 km NE of Glenlofty. НАВІТАТ. Only found in open-forest III. SOURCES OF INFOR- MATION. ЕЗ; МІ. Моѕт RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV D50719). 66. Egernia striolata. Tree Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted to the north. Recorded from: 3 km WNW of Melville Caves; Mt Korong; 3 km W of Borung; 10 km SW of Glenalbyn; 7 km NW of Melville Caves; 4 km E of Coonooer Bridge; and 4 km N of Buck- rabanyule. HABITAT. Only recorded from large rock outcrops in Eucalyptus micro- 64. Egernia cunninghami. carpa woodland. SoURCES OF INFORMA- Cunningham's Skink. TION. ЕЗ; МІ. MosT RECENT RECORD. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Only 1978 (NMV D50641). recorded from a single colony 2:5 km NW of Maldon. HABITAT. Large rock outcrops in both forest and farmland. SOURCE OF INFORMATION. МІ. Most RECENT RECORD. 1976 (ММУ D48801). 67. Egernia whitii. White’s Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread in the south and uncommon. Re- corded from: Stawell; Maryborough; Mt MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 27 Alexander; 6 km NE of Dunolly; and 2:5 km NW of Maldon. HanirAT. Re- corded from rock outcrops in open-forest II, woodland and farmland. SouRCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; МІ. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (ММУ 048668). 69. Trachydosaurus rugosus. 68. Tiliqua scincoides. Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread in the south and east. Recorded from: Maryborough; Rushworth; 3 km E of Whroo; Goornong; 2 km S of Guild- ford; 3 km NE of Maldon; 2 km W of Knowsley; and 9 km E of Ауоса. НАВІТАТ. Recorded in open-forest П and farmland. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; МІ. Моѕт RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (NMV D48544). Shingle-back. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Occurs in the central section of the survey area where it is common. Recorded from: Emu Creek Forest; Bendigo; Korong Vale; Laanecoorie; Wellsford State Forest; 3 km W of Muckleford; Mt Sugar- loaf; 7 km NW of Bagshot North; 2 km SE of Mt Moliagul; 6 km NE of Dunolly; Adelaide Lead; 7 km SW of Korong Vale; 4:5 km SW of Stuart Mill; 2 km E of Navarre; 1 km W of Landsborough; 8 km E of Warrenmang; 2 km W of Llan- elly; and 8 km S of Moliagul. HABITAT. Recorded іп Eucalyptus sideroxylon open-forest II, shrubland and farmland. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; МІ; W5, Most RECENT RECORD. 1978 (ММУ D50290). VARANIDAE 70. Varanus gouldii. Sand Monitor. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread in the north and rare. Recorded from: 1 km N of St Arnaud; and 5 km WSW of Whroo. HABITAT. Eucalyptus sideroxylon open-forest П. SOURCE OF INFORMATION. F3. MOST RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/76 FWD survey. 28 70s P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE Varanus varius. Lace Monitor. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Occurs in the north but is seen infrequently. Recorded from: Mansfield Swamp; Teddington Reservoir; northern end of Kamarooka State Forest; 2 km SE of Mt Moliagul; and 9 km ENE of Whroo. HABITAT. Recorded in Eucalyptus micro- carpa and E. sideroxylon open-forest II and Е, camaldulensis woodland. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; МІ; W5. Most RECENT RECORD. 1978 (Waters pers. comm.). ELAPIDAE 72: Notechis scutatus. Eastern Tiger Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. All re- cords are from the east but this species probably occurs on the floodplains of all the major rivers. Recorded from: Mur- chison; 9 km NW of Nagambie; 5 km NW of Nagambie; and 13 km NE of Mangalore. HABITAT. Restricted to Euca- lyptus camaldulensis woodland and farm- 73. land near permanent water. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; МІ. MosT RECENT RECORD. Observed during 1975/76 FWD survey. Pseudechis porphyriacus. Red-bellied Black Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread, but most records are from the east where it is common. Recorded from: 5 km NE of Graytown; Whroo; 8 km SSW of Nagambie; 1 km S of St Arnaud; Bailieston; 3 km S of Whroo; Locksley; and 6 km SE of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. Recorded from Eucalyptus sideroxylon and Е. microcarpa open-forest П. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. F3; М1; WS. MOST RECENT RECORD. pers. comm.). 1977 (Waters 74. Pseudonaja textilis. Eastern Brown Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread and common. Recorded from: Nagambie; Marong; Sebastion; Corop; Rushworth; Whroo; 13 km S of St Arnaud; 1 km W of Mt Moliagul; Mt 76. Unechis dwyeri. MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 29 Bolangum; 15 km WNW of Nagambie; Maryborough; 5:5 km NW of Logan; and 2 km W of Knowsley. HABITAT. Occurs in all habitats except open-forest ПІ. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. ЕЗ; М1. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1978 (NMV D50645). Unechis brevicaudus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Occurs in the north-west. Recorded from: 3 km W of Borung; 4 km E of Coonooer Bridge; 4 km S of Moliagul; and 1 km W of Mt Moliagul. HABITAT. Recorded beneath rocks in farmland, shrubland and Eucalyptus microcarpa woodland. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. F3; NI. 1978 (ММУ MOST RECENT RECORD. D50768). Black-headed Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Only recorded from the far east of the survey area. Recorded from: Mt Black; and 14 km WNW of Nagambie. HABITAT. Found beneath rocks in Eucalyptus sideroxylon 77. Unechis flagellum. and E. microcarpa open-forest П. SOURCE OF INFORMATION. F3. MOST RECENT RECORD. Collected during 1975/76 FWD survey (NMV D48017). Little Whip Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Wide- spread in the south. Recorded from: Mt Black; Mt Bolangum; Stawell; Bendigo; Mt Alexander; 7 km W of Redbank; 12 km E of Stuart Mill; and 4 km W of Stuart Mill. HABITAT. Recorded beneath rocks in Eucalyptus microcarpa and E. viminalis woodland. SOURCES OF INFOR- MATION. ЕЗ; МІ; W5. MOST RECENT RECORD, 1978 (NMV D50549). 78. Vermicella annulata. Bandy-bandy. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably no longer present. Formerly widespread in the north. Recorded from: Inglewood; St Arnaud; Lake Cooper; and Murchison. HABITAT. It occurred in areas that were formerly Eucalyptus microcarpa wood- land but have since been cleared for ШЕП LORES иШ LLLTTITITTITE] L| "Hr ERR, 30 P. W. MENKHORST and A. M. GILMORE agriculture. CONSERVATION ASPECTS. All records of this species were made between 1875 and 1897 when considerable clear- ing was taking place. SOURCE OF INFOR- MATION. МІ. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1897 (ММУ 03625). TYPHLOPIDAE 79. Typhlina broomi. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Опе sight record from the Bendigo Whipstick (King 1976). HABITAT. Open-forest II. 80. Typhlina nigrescens. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Two records only; from Murchison in 1881 and Maonilim via Murchison in 1948. HABITAT. Unknown. SOURCE OF INFOR- MATION. МІ. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1948 (NMV D7882). 81. Typhlina proxima. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. spread in the north. Recorded from: Wide- Maonilim via Murchison: and the Stawell ne Murchison; Colbinabbin; HaBiTAT. Unknown. SOURCE OF INFOR- MATION. МІ, Most RECENT RECORD. 1976 (NMV D48288). Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the following staff of the Fisheries and Wildlife Division for their enthusiastic field assistance: G. Apps, W. Bren, S. Craig, W. Emison, G. Gray, D. Hespe, J. Marcius, K. Norris and J. Porter. J. K. Dempster and W. Emison provided much needed administrative support and advice. At the National Museum of Victoria J. M. Dixon and A. J. Coventry allowed access to the mammal and reptile catalogues respectively and L. Huxley helped with many enquiries. The archival search of Victorian mammal collections carried out at the NMV by C. Brumley and S. Evans was funded by the LCC and provided a major input to this paper. We are grateful to the authors and J. M. Dixon for allowing us to use these data. H. Parnaby and R. Waters provided records from the Monash University Biology Society field sur- vey of the Stuart Mill area. Local naturalists R. Douglas (Teddington), R. Johnson (Buck- rabanyule), С. Miles (Warrenmang), R. Miller (Murrami), H. Parnaby (Daylesford) and H. Wilkinson (Bendigo) kindly provided valuable additional information as did the Bendigo Field Naturalists Club Mammal Sur- vey Group. Information from personal notes and files was kindly made available by A. J. Coventry, G. Edwards (Dept. Crown Lands and Survey), M. Hutchinson (Latrobe Uni- versity Dept. of Zoology), I. May (Fisheries and Wildlife Division), D. O'Brien (Forests MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA Commission of Victoria) and R. M. Warneke (Fisheries and Wildlife Division). A. McShane prepared the maps, J. Cooper provided the photographs, J. Mehegan and L. Sharpe typed the manuscript and A. J. Coventry, J. M. Dixon, W. Emison and D. Evans made per- tinent comments on drafts of the paper. We are grateful to each for their time and assistance. Sources of Information Comments in square brackets were inserfed by the Al. A2. A3. A4. AS. A6. AT. ВІ. В2. B3. B4. B5. B6. СІ. C2; (55: senior author. ANONYMOUS, 1890a. The Zoological and Accli- matization Society. Victorian Nat. 7: 51. [Report of a meeting on 7 July 1890 at which the presen- tation of 2 opossum mice from Heathcote was reported.] ------, 1890b. The pest of Foxes in the country. Victorian Nat. 7: 56. , 1908. Field Naturalists Club of Vic- toria: Exhibits. Victorian Nat. 24: 180. [Report of monthly meeting on 9 March 1908 at which а stuffed specimen of a Platypus from Nagambie was exhibited.] , 1962. Victorian Nat. 79: 1 and 3. [Photograph and caption of 3 Eastern Pygmy Possums from Rushworth Forest.] ------- 1963. Victorian Nat. 79: 285 and 286, [Photograph and caption of a Squirrel Glider from the Rushworth District.] ‚ 1974. Field Naturalists Club of Vic- toria: Mammal Survey Group, November and December Camps. Victorian Nat. 91: 81. [Re- port of a weekend camp near Heathcote.] ARNOLD, А. H., 1977. A review of the effects of grazing natural ecosystems in Victoria. Dept. Crown Lands and Survey, Melb. BELCHER, C., Fisheries and Wildlife Division, pers. comm. BENDIGO FIELD NATURALISTS’ CLUB, 1971. Sub- mission by the Bendigo Field Naturalists’ Club for the preservation of the Bendigo Whipstick. 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J., National Musuem of Victoria, pers. comm, ------- 1971. Identification of the Black- headed Snakes (Denisonia) within Victoria. Vic- torian Nat, 88: 304-306. . Douaras, R., farmer of Teddington, pers. comm. . Epwarps, G., Dept. Crown Lands and Survey, pers. comm. . EMISON, W. B., J. W. Porter, К. C. Norris and G. J. Apps, 1978. Survey of the vertebrate fauna in the Grampians-Edenhope area of southwestern Victoria. Мет. Natn. Mus. Vict. 39: 281-363. . FIELD NATURALISTS’ CLUB OF VICTORIA, Mammal Survey Group survey camp reports. . FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Division, catalogue of mammal specimens collected by FWD staff held at Arthur Rylah Institute of Environmental Research. . FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Division, Wildlife Sur- vey Unit records. 1929. The Brush-tailed Phascogale. Victorian Nat. 46: 135-6. . Greer, A. E. 1974. The generic relationships of the scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives. Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. No. 31: 1-67. . Harpy, А. D., 1926. The ways of Pouched- Mouse. Victorian Nat. 43: 56. .Нпл, E. S., 1967. The Physiography of Victoria. Whitcombe and Toombs, Melbourne. . Нотснімѕом, M., Latrobe University Dept. of Zoology, pers. comm. 1971. Some observations on the Lowan at Wychitella. Victorian Nat. 88: 116-7. JOHNSTON, R., naturalist of Buckrabanyule, pers. comm. . Kinc, D. F., 1976. Whipstick Forest-Bendigo. Geelong Nat. 13: 13-16. . KLUGE, А. G., 1974. А taxonomic revision of the lizard family Pygopodidae. Misc. Publs. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 147: 1-221. . LAND CONSERVATION COUNCIL OF VICTORIA, 1978. North Central Study Area Report. Government Printer, Melbourne. . Lewis, F., 1954. The Rehabilitation of the Koala in Victoria. Victorian Nat. 70: 197-200. C. E, 1957. Naturalists’ Notebook: Wedge-tailed Eagle takes a Fox. Victorian Nat. 74: 89-90. . LITTLEJOHNS, В. T., 1938. The bush by night. Victorian Nat. 55: 3-11. . McKean, Јонм L., 1966. Some new distributional records of Broad-nosed Bats (Nycticeius spp.). Victorian Nat. 83: 25-30. . MAMMAL SURVEY GROUP OF VICTORIA, survey camp reports. .Manrow, B. 1., 1968. Marsupials of Australia. Jacaranda Press, Brisbane. . MARYBOROUGH FIELD NATURALISTS CLUB, 1972. Submission requesting appropriate permanent reservation of Maryborough's Box/ Ironbark State Forest. [Mimeographed submission to the Minister of Forests; containing a mammal list for Maryborough.] 32 P. W. MENKHORST MS. May, L, Fisheries and Wildlife Division, pers. сотт. M6. Мп.кө, G., farmer of Warrenmang, pers. comm. М7. MILLER, B., naturalist of Murrami, NSW, pers. comm. МІ. NATIONAL MUSEUM OF VICTORIA, reptile collec- tion. N2. NEWMAN, L. A., 1961, The box-ironbark forests of Victoria, Australia. Forests Comm. Vict. Bull. No. 14. М3. Norris, К. C, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. Мемкноввт, 1979, The vertebrate fauna of South Gippsland. Mem. Natn. Mus. Vict. 40: 105-199, Ol. O'BRIEN, D., Forests Commission of Victoria, pers. comm. РІ. PARNABY, HAROLD, 1977. Bat Survey of the Daylesford Area, Victoria. Victorian Nat. 94: 191-197. P2. PARNABY, H., naturalist, formerly of Daylesford, pers. comm, P3. PARRIS, HARRY S. 1948. Koalas on the Lower Goulburn. Victorian Nat. 64: 192-193. КІ. RAWLINSON, P. А., 1975. Two new lizard species from the genus Leiolopisma (Scincidae: Lygo- sominae) in Southeastern Australia and Tas- mania, Mem. Natn. Mus. Vict. 36: 1-16. R2. Rive, W. D. L., 1970. A Guide to the Native Mammals of Australia. Oxford Univ. Press, Mel- bourne. R3. Ryan, R. M., 1966, Observations on the Broad- nosed Bat, Scoteinus balstoni, in Victoria. J. Zool. Lond. 148: 162-166. 51. Specut, К. L., 1970. Vegetation. In The Austra- lian Environment. G. W. Leeper (ed.). CSIRO, Melbourne. S2. Stewart, Н. C. E., 1949. Bird notes on Rush- worth. Victorian Nat. 65: 234-236. ТІ. TURNER, ELIZABETH K. 1972. F.N.C.V. Ехсш- sion to Bendigo. Victorian Nat. 89: 119-123. W1. WAKEFIELD, М. A., 1963. The Australian Pigmy- possums. Victorian Nat. 80: 99-116. W2. —— ———, 1971. Distribution data of Victorian Mammals. Victorian Nat. 88: 48-50. [Supple- ment to a review of Ride (1970) giving additions and corrections to Ride's distribution data.] W3. —— ————, 1974. Mammals of Western Victoria. In The Natural History of Western Victoria. Douglas and O'Brien (eds.). Western Victorian Sub-branch, Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, Horsham, pp. 35-51. WA. WAKEFIELD, №. A. апа R. M. WARNEKE, 1967. Some revision in Antechinus (Marsupialia )-2. Victorian Nat. 84: 69-99, WS, Waters, R., Monash University Dept. of Zoology, pers. comm. W6. WILKINSON, Н. E., naturalist of Bendigo, pers. comm. W7. WYCHITELLA FOREST PRESERVATION LEAGUE, 1972. The Wychitella Forest. Boort Standard and Quam- batook Times. [Booklet published for Wychi- tella Forest Preservation League; containing a mammal list for Wychitella Forest.] and A. M. GILMORE Appendix 1. Gazetteer of Localities Lat. Locality Adelaide Amherst Ауоса Axedale Forest Bailieston Bagshot Bagshot North Baringhup Barkly Bendigo Bet Bet Big Hill Borung Buckrabanyule Bung Bong Cairn Curran Reservoir California Gully Calivil Callawadda Campbells Creek Carisbrook Castlemaine Chateau Tahbilk Chewton Clunes Colbinabbin Coonooer Bridge Corop Costerfield Crowlands Deep Lead Dingee Dunolly Eaglehawk Eddington Elmhurst Elmore Elphingstone Emu Emu Creek Emu Creek Forest Eppalock Eversley Fell Gully Glenalbyn Glenlofty Glenlofty Creek Glenorchy Glenpatrick Goat Island Goornong Goulburn Weir Graytown Great Western Guildford Guildford Plateau Harcourt Heathcote Huntly Inglewood Kangaroo Flat Kanya Kamarooka Kamarooka Forest Kennington Lead 37 37 37 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 04 09 05 44 44 39 36 59 56 46 56 51 18 11 06 01 Long. 143 143 143 144 145 144 144 143 143 144 143 144 143 143 143 143 144 144 142 144 143 144 145 144 143 144 143 144 144 143 142 144 143 144 143 143 144 144 143 144 144 144 143 143 143 143 143 142 143 149 144 145 144 142 144 144 144 144 144 143 144 143 144 144 144 41 40 29 25 03 24 25 58 12 17 MAMMALS AND REPTILES OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA 33 Kingower 36 37 143 45 Puckapunyal 37 00 145 03 Kingston Mine 36 50 142 58 Pyrenee Range 37 05 143 16 Knowsley 36 50 144 35 Ravenswood 36 54 144 13 Knowsley State Forest 36 50 144 33 Raywood 36 32 144 12 Korong Vale 36 21 143 42 Redbank 36 56 143 20 Laanecoorie 36 50 143 54 Redesdale 37 01 144 32 Lake Batyo Catyo 36 31 142 56 Reedy Lake State Forest 36 43 145 06 Lake Cooper 36 39 144 48 Rheola 36 39 143 42 Lake Eppalock 36 52 144 34 Rostron 36 47 143 10 Lake Neangar 36 43 144 43 Rushworth 36 35 145 01 Lake Weeroona 36 46 144 17 Rushworth State Forest 36 41 145 00 Landsborough 37 00 143 08 Sebastion 36 36 144 12 Llanelly 36 44 143 51 Sedgewick 36 53 144 19 Locksley 36 50 145 20 Serpentine 36 25 143 58 Lockwood 36 49 144 10 Spring Gully 36 48 144 17 Lockwood Forest 36 51 144 08 St Arnaud 36 37 143 16 Logan 36 37 143 28 Stanhope 36 27 144 59 Longwood 36 48 145 25 Stawell 37 03 142 47 Lower Homebush 37 02 143 02 Strathfieldsaye 36 49 144 21 Maiden Gully 36 45 144 12 Stuart Mill 36 48 143 17 Maldon 37 00 144 04 Sugarloaf Reservoir 37 06 143 24 Mandurang 36 49 144 18 Talbot 37 10 143 42 Mandurang Forest 36 50 144 17 Тагпарша 36 46 143 50 Mandurang South 36 51 144 17 Tattington 36 47 143 07 Mangalore 36 56 145 11 Teddington 36 50 143 16 Mansfield Swamp 36 27 144 53 Teddington Reservoir 36 5] 143 16 Marong 36 44 144 08 Twin Rivers 36 54 144 32 Maryborough 37 03 143 44 Vaughan 37 09 144 13 Melville Caves 36 36 143 43 Walmer Forest 37 01 144 12 Metcalfe 37 06 144 26 Warrenmang 37 03 143 18 Mia Mia 37 00 144 34 Wedderburn 36 26 143 27 Mitiamo 36 13 14414 Wellsford 36 40 144 25 Moliagul 36 45 143 40 Wellsford State Forest 36 41 144 24 Mt Alexander 37 00 144 18 — Whipstick Forest Park 36 38 144 17 Mt Avoca 37 06 14321 Whroo 36 39 145 02 Mt Beckworth 37 19 143 43 — Whychitella 36 16 143 36 Mt Black 36 47 144 59 Whychitella State Forest 36 20 143 35 Mt Bolangum 36 44 143 01 Mt Hooghly 36 55 143 40 WA Ida 36 53 144 43 t Korong 36 28 143 45 В МЕ Moliagul 36 44 143 39 Explanation of Plates Mt Sugarloaf 36 43 144 29 PLATE 1 Mt Warrenmang 37 03 143 22 Figure 1—Open-forest II of Eucalyptus sideroxylon Muckleford 37 03 144 09 in Rushworth State Forest. Ais dia Creek 32 M Pe үр Figure 2—Woodland of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Miss gem Reedy Lake State Forest. ysia 36 14 143 45 Nagambie 36 47 145 10 2. PLATE 2 ; Navarre 36 54 143 07 Figure 3—Rocky outcrop in the Western Highlands, Newstead 37 07 144 03 habitat for many species of reptiles, Nowhere Creek 37 08 143 18 Figure 4— Tuan Phascogale tapoatafa, open-forest II Paradise 36 50 143 07 and woodland in the Stuart Mill and Percydale 37 03 143 24 Castlemaine areas support important popu- Pilchers Bridge 36 56 144 24 lations of this species. MEM. NAT, MUS. VICT. 40 PLATE 1 # ; б, 1 ! i i FIGURE 2 NAT. MUS. VICT. 40 PLATE 2 FIGURE 4 A BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO THE BIRDS OF NORTH CENTRAL VICTORIA By ALLAN McEvey* and WILLIAM B. EMISONT Assisted by J. M. Marciust, C. F. Brumley* and S. J. Evans* Ж.Ы. et * National Museum of Victoria. f Fisheries and Wildlife Division, Ministry for Conservation, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084. Abstract . Two hundred and sixty-six sources containing information on the birds of North Central Victoria are listed, sequentially numbered and cross-referenced to 277 species of birds. Introduction North Central Victoria is here defined by the map in Fig. 1. The box/ironbark forests, red gum woodlands and stands of whipstick mallee in this region have long been favoured areas for the observation of birds. As a result, many papers and lists have been published on its avifauna during the past one hundred years. We believe that such documentation of the past is sometimes overlooked by modern workers and organizations. Admittedly the searching of literature is a tedious and some- times difficult task. However, efficiency in summarizing contemporary ornithological knowledge (i.e. recognizing what is already known and stating what is new) demands that some effort be made in this direction, and until some technological magic places our entire literature into a computer for instant recall, the authors contend that every oppor- tunity ought to be taken to produce biblio- graphies and reference lists of various kinds. It is even more unthinkable to gather together information for a particular piece of research and then to allow it to become dispersed. This sin they have tried to avoid by the publication of this bibliography. Methods This bibliography was initially developed to assist in preparing the faunal chapter and appendices for the Land Conservation Coun- cil’s report on the North Central Study Area (in prep.), and emphasis was placed upon publications containing extensive lists or detailed discussions. Two aspects should there- fore be understood. Firstly, the bibliography only covers the following sources: Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, No. 40, July 1979. 1. The Emu (Emu). Volumes 1 to 76 inclu- sive. Years 1901 to 1976 inclusive. 2. The Bird Observer (Bird Observer and B.O.C. Monthly Notes). Numbers 1 to 541 inclusive. Years 1931 to 1976 inclusive. 3. The Australian Bird Watcher (Aust. Bird Watcher). Volumes 1 to 6 inclusive. Years 1959 to 1976 inclusive. 4. The Victorian Naturalist (Victorian Nat.). Volumes 1 to 93 inclusive. Years 1885 to 1976 inclusive. 5. World bird day, district bird lists. Supple- ment to the Bird Observer. 6. Some pamphlets issued by the Forests Commission, Victoria. 7. Unpublished submissions by various field naturalist clubs and preservation leagues for reservation of specific areas of Crown Land. Secondly, although the bibliography has been carefully prepared for the primary pur- pose mentioned above, the authors wish to make it clear that double checking has been impossible and that errors in entries or of omission may have occurred. They would therefore be extremely grateful to have such errors drawn to their attention. The bibliography is presented in two parts. Part I lists published and unpublished accounts arranged alphabetically under the name(s) of the author(s) or organization concerned. Also included is an addendum containing references found too late for inclusion in the correct alphabetical sequence. For the sake of biblio- graphical accuracy authors' names are given as printed (e.g. "Wheeler, Roy", “Wheeler, W. R.", and "Wheeler, W. Roy", are treated as separate names). Titles, however, have been standardized. Comments in square brackets 36 ALLAN McEVEY and WILLIAM B. EMISON / —- Lake Cope Cope 5... "^ % UR Mt Bolangum * any \ * $ е в %. awell E chibi 400 CLR. е Mi Moliagul | ч Pi " ж (Re = И "a М! Beckworthyy * Clunes LUE 72 4. Wedderburn N Mt Korong V j - J ©! аке Batyo Catyo Xu, Melville m | 5 2 4 1 ч Caves nose EJ Е ғ“. > 5 ГЫЛА RS ^ St Arnaud ol \ f 5; \ / + 3necoort er voir H “ЖД Ж Waranga Reservoir d Rushworth ur y )) Lake \ а k к uses A aa lie b T ly Figure 1—North Central Victoria with the main areas of Crown Land shown in black. are explanatory and do not appear in the original. Part IJ is presented under avian species names for which the systematic arrangement is that of Condon, H. T., 1975 (Checklist of the Birds of Australia, I. Non- passerines. Melbourne: RAOU) апа of Schodde, R., 1975 (Interim List of Australian Songbirds. Passerines. Melbourne: RAOU). The English names used are those given by the RAOU (Recommended English Names for Australian Birds. Emu 77 Supplement, May 1978). The numbers in the species list refer to those publications in Part I which contain information on the individual species after which they are listed; breeding informa- tion is indicated by those numbers in italics. The records of two species, the Fairy Tern (Sterna nereis) and the Northern Scrub-robin (Drymodes superciliaris), are queried. Further field records would also be desirable for all those species for which there are only one or two records in the literature. Acknowledgements Support for this study was provided by the Fisheries and Wildlife Division of Victoria, the National Museum of Victoria and the Land Conservation Council. The careful document- ation by C. F. Brumley, S. J. Evans and J. M. Marcius is gratefully acknowledged. А. McShane provided draughting support. _ tu RU! uw асыл Seg з 17. 18. 19. 20. ml, 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. . ANON; . ATKINS, . BEck, H. М., BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO BIRDS NORTH OF CENTRAL VICTORIA Part I Bibliography 1940. Notes (Nov.). — 1955. Ғ.М.С.У, excursion to Bendigo, October 1954. Victorian Nat. 72: 114-115. —— 1957. Excursion to Nagambie. Bird Observer 312 (Nov.). —, 1961. Field notes. Bendigo Big Hill excursion. Bird Observer 361 (Dec.): 6. ‚ 1975. Melville Caves, 25th-27th April. Bird Observer 523 (June): 46. Ravenswood. B.O.C. Monthly . ATKINS, KENNETH W., 1954, Club excursion to Bendigo Whipstick. Victorian Nat. 70: 178. INS, К. W., 1951. Excursion to Bendigo Whipstick area. Victorian Nat. 68: 134. . BARLOW, JEREMY and BRENDAN, 1976. Wedge- tailed Eagles at Rushworth. Bird Observer 531 (Feb.); 14. 1930. Birds of the St. district, Victoria. Emu 30: 126-130. Arnaud . Верссоор, GEORGE W., 1974. Field notes. Stray autumn notes. Bird Observer S11 (June): 11. . Веросоор, G. W., 1962. Spread of introduced species in central Victoria. Bird Observer 369 (Aug.): 4. — 1962: Field nates. Observer 373 (Dec.): 4. -------, 1963. Field notes. Kookaburras fish- ing. Bird Observer 375 (Feb.): 5. -------, 1963. Field notes. White-fronted Chats nesting. Bird Observer 376 (Маг.): 4. -------, 1963. Field notes. Fork-tailed Kite. Bird Observer 376 (Mar.): 4. Starlings. Bird . BENDIGO FIELD NATURALISTS’ CLUB, 1971. Sub- mission by the Bendigo Field Naturalists’ Club for the preservation of the Bendigo Whipstick. [Mimeographed submission to the Minister for Forests; containing a bird list of the Bendigo Whipstick area. ] Beste, H., 1970. The sighting of a Painted Snipe. Aust. Bird Watcher 3: 220-221. BIRD OBSERVERS CLUB. [Undated.] Birds of Mal- don district. [Pamphlet issued by Forests Com- mission, Victoria.] BIRD Ов<ЕвуЕке GROUP (B.F.N.C.), 1976. The birds of the Bendigo district. Aust. Bird Watcher 6: 186-208. [Corrigendum 3 species: Aust. Bird Watcher 6: 299.] Віѕнор, YVONNE and Ком, 1972. Unusual nesting at Maryborough, Victoria. Aust. Bird Watcher 4: 167-168. —————‚ 1976. Mutants at Maryborough, Vic- toria. Aust. Bird Watcher 6: 180-181. Boss-WALKER, H. B., 1930. Notes on the moult- ing of the Blue Wren. Emu 29: 310-311. ———,‚ 1932. Unusual nesting site of Fairy Martins. Ети 31: 286-287. Brappy, Н. J., 1950. Nature notes. B.O.C. 'Monthly Notes (July). [There are two different B.O.C. Monthly Notes dated July 1950.] Bryant, C. Е., 1933. Stray feathers. Тһе Red- kneed Dotterel. Emu 32: 314-315. 7 BUCKINGHAM, R., 1975. Unusual sighting reports —series 2. Bird Observer 523 (June): 45. 27. 28. 29. 50. . CHISHOLM, A. Н., catcher's notes. Emu 15: ` and Shrike-robin. Emu 19: 315-316. 37 BUCKINGHAM, Rex, 1976. Unusual sighting re- ports—series 8, Bird Observer 541 (Dec.): 93. BURTON, T. B. 1964. Field notes. Nagambie. Bird Observer 386 (Тап.): 4. Burton. T. C. and A. A. Martin, 1976. Analy- sis of hybridization between Black-backed and White-backed Magpies in south-eastern Australia. Emu 76: 30-36. . CAMPBELL, A. G., 1908. Stray feathers. Queer nesting places, Emu 7: 157. . CATCHPOLE, BRIAN, 1975. Nagambie-Rush worth outing, 25th May. Bird Observer 525 (Aug.): 60-61. . СніѕноІ м, А. G., 1910. Stray feathers. A novel experiment. Emin 9: 246. 1908. Stray feathers. The Red Wattle-bird. (Acanthochaera carunculata). Emu 8: 37. , 1908. Stray feathers. Zosterops cac- rulescens nesting. Emu 8: 38. . 1909. Stray feathers. Wood-swallows as honey-eaters, Emu 8: 219-220, . 1909. Stray feathers. The return of the birds. Ети 9: 29. . 1909. Stray feathers. Wood-swallows as honey-eaters. Eniu 9: 32-33. , 1910. Stray feathers, A tribute to the White-eye, Emu 9: 163, 1910. Stray feathers. Maryborough (Vic.) notes. Emu 9: 166-167. -------- 1910. Stray feathers. throated Fly-eater. Ети 9: 247, 1911. Stray feathers. White-shoul- dered Caterpillar-cater (Lalage tricolor). Emu 10: 294. 31915: Тһе White- Notes on the Yellow-bellied Shrike-tit, Falcunculus frontatus. Emu 15: 78-85, 1915. Stray feathers. Restless 147-148. —, ]916. Stray feathers. Notes on the Mistletoe-bird (Dicaeum hirundinaceum). Emu 15: 262-263. . 1920. Stray feathers. Bronze-cuckoo Fly- . 1935. Stray feathers. wander. Emu 35: 179, — —————, 1948. Some birds of central Victoria. Emu 47: 203-205. , 1948. Nature notes. B.O.C. Monthly When birds ` Notes (Feb.). —, 1949, Stray feathers. Freakish nests. Emu 49; 58-59. ‚ 1949. Stray feathers. Gilbert Whistler nesting. Emu 49: 59-60. —, 1955. Stray feathers. Distribution of inland birds, Emu 55: 72-74. ------- 1955. Birds ‘out of bounds’. Emu 55: 84. ——— 1973. Guckoos ате Aust. Bird Watcher 5: 49-54. -------, 1974. Club functions. Various bird problems. Bird Observer 510 (May): 7. very resolute. . Сонм, Макс, 1923. Camera craft. The Yellow- tufted Honeyeater, Emu 22: 318. -------, 1924. Camera craft. The Little Grass- bird. Emu 23: 321. visitors to Bendigo, Ети 27: 43-44. . Cooper. Roy P. . ГГАксу, Е. . FAVALORO, NORMAN J, . FERGUSON, RON, . Forp, №. H., ALLAN McEVEY and WILLIAM B. EMISON 1927. Stray feathers. Rare bird . 1927. Stray feathers. Birds breeding out of season. Emu 27: 46. — 1933. Stray feathers. Early return of the Pallid Cuckoo. Emu 33: 73. . 1934, Stray feathers. An owl under suspicion. Emu 33: 317. — 1934. Stray feathers. Bendigo notes. Emu 34: 49-50, ------ 1935. Stray feathers. Painted Honey- eater. Emu 34: 315-316. , 1935. Stray feathers. Bendigo (Уіс.) notes. Emu 35: 103-105. , 1960. Field notes, Lorikeets feeding and plover nesting. Bird Observer 345 (Aug.). 1958. Stray feathers. Pallid Cuckoo feeding young. Emu 58: 67-68, — — —, 1961. Field notes on the nesting of the Red-tipped Pardalotes. Emu 61: 1-6. . COURTNEY, M. L. and J. RoGan, 1957. V109. Maryborough, Vic. Jn World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 66. Supplement to Bird Observer, . CowrEv, Косек, 1960. Field notes. Musk Lori- keets in weeping willow, Bird Observer 338 (Jan.). . CowLey, Косев D., 1957. Report of Harcourt Reservoir excursion. Bird Observer 312 (Noy.). . DarEv, C. 1918. Excursion to Bendigo. Vic- torian Nat. 35; 107-110. and 1. Cox, 194i. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (June). Nature notes, 2. Deason, GEOFF, 1973. Club functions. Bendigo Whipstick camp—3rd-6th Observer 505 (бес.): 6-7. November. Bird . D'OMBRAIN, E. A., 1926. The vanishing Plain- wanderer. Emu 26: 59-63. . Еррү, R. J., 1955. Убе. Bendigo, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1954: 23, Supplement to Bird Observer. 1959, Тһе Wedge-tailed Eagle in Bendigo, Mandurang and Big Hill Ranges. Aust. Bird Watcher 1: 19-22. , 1959. Heath-wrens in central Victoria Hylacola pyrrhopygia and Н, cauta. Aust. Bird Watcher 1: 36-44. , 1961. Twenty years of Painted Honeyeaters. Aust. Bird Watcher 1: 122-128. . Еррү, К. J. апа J. V. Ryan, 1954. V6c. Bendigo, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1953: 16. Supplement to Bird Observer, . FAVALORO, N. J., 1952. An inland record of the Pied Cormorant. Emu 52: 161-162. . FAVALORO, NORMAN, 1942. The usurpation of nests, nesting sites and materials, Ети 41: 268- 276. . 1944. Notes on the two resident Victorian plovers. Emu 43: 145-153. 1953, Where ‘robins’ meet. Ети 53: 223-224. 1952. Weekend at Bendigo. Bird Observer. (Oct.). 1919. Notes on herons. Emu TO STU 85. 86. RES "ЕНІ, 90. 97. 98. 997 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. . Номе, FRANK E., Hanks, E. S., 1950. King's birthday weekend ex- cursion. В.О.С. Monthly Notes (Aug.). [Bird list compiled by Fred Watts.] Harvey. L. К. SMITH and ALAN JOHNSON, 1955, V78. Clunes, Vic. [m World bird day, district bird lists, 1954: 38. Supplement to Bird Observer. С. F., 1907. Birds of Ararat Part E Ети 6: 176-179. 1907, Birds of Ararat district. Part 18-23, district. Il. Emu 7: . Hitt, Н. E., 1902, From magazines, etc. Notes on the birds of the Bendigo district. Emu 2: 34-35. [From The Wombat March, 1902.] Hitt, J, A, 1925, The Australian Darter. Emu 24: 165, . Hite, Б, 1. С. IPsEN and J. К. Ipsen, 1954, V6b. Bendigo, Vic. /n World bird day, district bird lists, 1953: 15-16. Supplement to Bird Observer. . HOOPER, NICOLETTE, 1972. Field notes, Cuckoos. Bird Observer 486 (May): 7-8, . Howe, F. E., 1909. Among the birds of north- western Victoria. Emu 8: 130-138, 1905. Stray feathers. Field notes on cuckoos. Ети 5: 35-36. . 1928. Notes on some Victorian birds. Emu 27: 252-265. . IPSEN, J., 1968. Field notes. Trip to Туа! Glen and Lake Eppalock. Bird Observer 445 (Dec.): 6. IPSEN, J. C, 1950. Notes on curlews. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (July). [There are two different B.O.C. Montlily Notes dated July 1950.] . 1957. Field notes. Australian Darters at Bendigo (city area), Bird Observer 310 (Sept.). IPSEN, JOHN, 1946, Country readers send notes. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (Oct.). IPSEN, JOHN C., 1940, Stray feathers. Notes on the White-faced Heron. Emu 39: 297-298. . 1947. Nectar feeders in a Bendigo street tree. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (Dec.). . 1952. Nature notes. Bendigo honey- eaters. B.O.C. Monthy Notes (Mar.). ————. 1952. 25. Bendigo, Victoria. In World bird day lists, 1951: 6-7. Supplement to B.O.C. Monthly Notes. — — ——, 1954. Nature notes. Gilbert Whistler in Bendigo. Bird Observer (June), ———,, 1955. Field notes, Mountain Thrush at Bendigo. Bird Observer 286 (Sept.). ------ 1958. Field notes. Olive-backed Oriole’s mimicry. Bird Observer 325 (Dec.). —— — ———, 1958. Field notes. A note on the Swift Parrot, Bird Observer 325 (Dec.). JOHNSON, GARNET, 1953. Nature notes. Stone Curlew near Stawell. Bird Observer (Feb.). KELLAM, J. and J. C. IPsEN, 1957. V6f. Ben- digo, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 54. Supplement to Bird Observer. ———., 1957. V6g. Bendigo, Vic. In World bird day, district birds lists, 1955-1956: 68-69. Supplement to Bird Observer, KELLAM, J., J. K. IPsEN and J. C. IPsEN, 1959. V6h. Bendigo, Vic. /n World bird day, district 127. 128. 129; 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. . LLEWELLYN, L. C., . McKENZIE, BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO BIRDS NORTH OF CENTRAL VICTORIA bird 11515, 1957-1958: 29, Supplement to Bird Observer. . KELLAM, JoHN W., 1952, 26. Axedale, via Ben- digo, Victoria. / World bird day lists, 1951: 7. Supplement to B.O.C. Monthly Notes. —— — ——, 1962. Shrike-tits as seed-eaters. Anst. Bird Watcher 1: 202. — 1974, Channel-billed Cuckoo in cen- tral Victoria. Aust. Bird Watcher 5: 201-204. Kellam, J. W., 1948. Feeding on the wing. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (Feb.). KNIGHT, Douc, 1969. Field notes. Weekend at аасы Vic. Bird Observer 455 (Oct.): . LAWRENCE, CAROL, 1959, Field notes, Bendigo notes, Bird Observer 327 (Feb.). . LEACH, Носн A. C., 1928. The birds of central northern Victoria. Emu 28: 83-99. [Central northern Victoria is not well defined in this paper so some species may have been sighted outside of our study area.] ‚ 1929. Robins. Emu 29: 45-47. LrrrLEJOHNS, R. T., 1923. Camera craft. The Red-kneed Dotterel (Erythrogonys cinctus). Emu 22: 318-319. —, 1931. Notes on four species of dot- terels. Emu 31: 15-20. -------, 1954. Notes on the Mistletoe-bird. Bird Observer (June). 1975. Recent observations on the Plains-wanderer, with a review of its past and present status. Emu 75: 137-142. M., 1960. Field notes. Avian be- haviour at Maldon. Bird Observer 349 (Dec.). . MCKENZIE, MARGARET, 1964. Field notes. Lyal revisited (central Victoria). Bird Observer 387 (Feb.): 3-4. . MARYBOROUGH FIELD NATURALISTS CLUB, 1972. Submission requesting appropriate permanent reservation of Maryborough’s Box/ Ironbark State Forest. [Mimeographed submission to the Minister of Forests; containing a bird list of Maryborough and district compiled by J. L. Rogan and M. L. Courtney.] Mayr, Ernst and D. L. Serventy, 1938. A re- view of the genus Acanthiza Vigors and Hors- field. Emu 38: 245-292. Mitne, Носн V., 1936. Overlapping of certain Victorian birds. Emu 36: 130-132. ——,‚ 1937. Some birds of the ‘whipstick’ scrub. Emu 36: 287-291. MITCHELL, BRYAN С. and DaviD MITCHELL, 1954. V58. Castlemaine, Vic. Jn World bird day, district bird lists, 1953: 22. Supplement to Bird Observer. Morris, G., 1924. Camera Warbler. Emu 23: 320-321. OFFICER, Н. R., J. KELLAM and JOHN C. IPSEN, 1955. V6d. Bendigo, Vic. Jn World bird day, district bird lists, 1954: 22-23. Supplement to Bird Observer. O'NEILL, W. Ј., 1941. Bush memories. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (May). —_———, 1941, Hatching of а honeyeater. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (Dec.). Paton, Davip J., 1920. Excursion to Bendigo (Abridged). Victorian Nat. 37: 95-96. craft. Southern 136. ` Inglewood. Bird Observer 326 (Jan.). 39 Paton, D. J. and Cras. Ратку, 1922, Excursion to Bendigo. Victorian Nat. 39: 84-86. . Quinn, D., 1966. Field notes. Eppalock Reservoir excursion. Bird Observer 421 (Dec.): 2. . Quinn, Des, 1968. Field notes. Taradale excur- sion. Bird Observer 439 (June): 4. . Кер, ALEX, 1948. Nature notes. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (Feb.). . RoniNsoN, LEN, 1958. June weekend at Ingle- wood. Inglewood bird list. Bird Observer 314 (Jan.). [Concluded as bird list of Inglewood, Bird Observer 315 (Feb.).] . 1959. Bird observers at Bendigo, November 8 & 9, Bird Observer 326 (Jan.). ——————, 1959. Field notes. Nightjars near . 1960. Excursions, Springtime ramble near Maldon. Bird Observer 348 (Nov.): 2. . RoBINSON, LEN N., and EDGAR J. WHITBOURN, 1961, The nesting of two species of nightjars. Aust, Bird Watcher 1: 130-135. 5. RocaN, J., 1966. Willie Wagtail nesting in mine- shafts and on the ground. Aust. Bird Watcher Dee Die! . 1966. The hybridizing of the Eastern and the Crimson Rosellas. Aust. Bird Watcher 274219: . Rogan, Jack, 1956. Field notes. Maryborough notes. Bird Observer 300 (Nov.). . 1964, Unusual behaviour of Hooded ` Robins. Aust. Bird Watcher 2: 90-92. . 1967. The Pink Robin at Mary- borough, Victoria. Aust. Bird Watcher 3: 54-55. . Ryan, J., 1962. Field notes. Black-eared Cuckoo. Bird Observer 363 (Feb.): 4. Os “Бен тезе Bird Observer 434 (Jan.): 8. ——————, 1969. Field notes. Diary, Kangaroo Bendigo notes, ' Flat, Bendigo, Vic. Bird Observer 455 (Oct.): 6, . 1969. Field notes. The Black-eared ` Cuckoo. Bird Observer 456 (Nov.): 5. . Ryan, J. V., 1951. Stray feathers. Honeyeaters in the Bendigo district, Vic. Ети 51: 175-176. , 1952, Notes on the Rufous Song-Lark. 158-161. , 1953, Stray feathers. Autumn nesting in the Bendigo district. Emu 53: 333. —————— 1953. Stray feathers. White-browed Wood-swallows wintering at Bendigo, Vic. Ети 83% 392. . 1954. Further notes on the Rufous Emu 52: Song-Lark. Ети 54: 128-131. , 1963. Ravaging ravens. Aust. Bird ў Watcher 2: 56. . SALTER, BARBARA, 1960, Field notes. A trip to Wychitella. Bird Observer 343 (June). . SALTER, BARBARA E. 1971. Field notes. A few notes. Bird Observer 472 (Mar.): 5-6. . SHANKS, Davip, 1968. Field notes. Wood-swal- lows. Bird Observer 434 (Jan.): 6-7. . SHANKS, D. М., 1969, Field Notes. Tree Martins attack White-backed Swallows. 452 (July): 5. Bird Observer . SHANKS, D. M. and LEN RoBINSON, 1969. Field notes. Late departure of White-browed Wood- swallows. Bird Observer 452 (July): 5-6, 40 165, 176. 189, 190. .S. H. C, Е, | iesu IT ДАЛАР) . WrST-ONLEY, . WHEELER, J. ALLAN McEVEY and SHANKS, DoNALb, 1971. Field notes. Ground behaviour of arboreal birds. Bird Observer 470 (Janm): 4. , 1972, Field notes. Regent Honeyeater display, Bird Observer 482 (Jan.): 2-3. . SMITH, BRENDAN, 1959, V33b. St. Arnaud, Vic. Іп World bird day, district bird lists, 1957-1958; 33. Supplement to Bird Observer. . SMITH, FRED T. H., 1952. A bird-watching week- end а! Bendigo. Bird Observer (Dec.). . — 4 1953. Birding in Bendigo's whipstick mallee. Bird Observer (Sept). . SMITH, ROBERT, 1957, V78a. Clunes, Vic. Jn World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 61. Supplement to Bird Observer, Stewart, H. C. E. ?], 1950. Bird life at Rushworth. В.О.С. Monthly Notes (July). [There are two different B.O.C. Monthly Notes dated July 1950.] Stephens, F. ?], 1970. Club functions. Maldon magic. Bird Observer 469 (Dec.): 3. Stephens, F. 2|, 1970. Club functions. Maldon bird list, Bird Observer 469 (Dec.): 4. | STEPHENS, FRANK, 1971. Nagambie, September 26, or washout at Wirrate. Bird Observer 479 (Oct. ) :3-4, . STEPHENS, RONA, 1972. Club functions. Maldon outing. Bird Observer 492 (Nov.): 4-5. [Under Maldon bird list.] Stewart, H., 1947. Birds in Bendigo, B.O.C, Monthly Notes (Осі). . STEWART, Н. С. E., 1949, Excursion 10 Rush- worth (September 30-October 3, 1948). HI. Bird notes on Rushworth, Victorian Nat. 65: 234-236, . Tarr, H., 1948. Nature notes. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (Feb.). . TARR, Hanorp E, 1948. Notes on the brooding of the Spotted Nightjar. Emu 47: 362-367. ‚ Watson, INA, 1950. World bird day, August 27, 1950. BOC. Monthly Notes (Oct.). ‚ Watrs, E, 1948, Autumn nesting of Yellow- tufted INO C (June). Honeyeater. Monthly Notes ‚ 1948. Weekend at Inglewood. B.O.C. ` Monthly Notes (June). -, 1949, Observations by members. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (Nov.). - ==, 1956. Scrub-robin south of wood, Vic. Emu 56: 356. Ingle- ‚ WATTS, FREDERICK. ARCHIBALD, 1947. Inglewood observations, B.O.C. Monthly Notes (July). . Warts, Mr. and Mrs, 1974. Birds of Rush- worth Forest. [Pamphlet issued by Forests Com- mission, Victoria. | MEREDITH, 1954, V33a. St. Arnaud, Vic. Іп World bird day, district bird lists, 1953; 18. Supplement to Bird Observer, К, Mr. and Mrs, 1957. V78b. Clunes, Vic. [n World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 74. Supplement to Bird Ob- server. WHEELER, Roy, 1949. Nature notes. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (July). -- -, 1952. Birds of St. Arnaud. Bird Observer. (Sept). ‚ WHITBOURN, E. J., . WIGAN, М. L., . WILSON, A. Н. Ra . WYCHITELLA IAM B. EMISON ————,‚ 1954. Reports of outings. Bendigo, Bird Observer (бес.). ——, 1956. Weekend at Maryborough. Bird Observer 294 (May). — 1956, Notes on migrants, 1955-56. ” Bird Observer 297 (Aug.). , 1958. Weekend at Maryborough, Bird ` Observer 315 (Feb.). 5, ------ 1964. Field notes, Lyal and Eppa- lock Dam. Bird Observer 386 (Jan.): 4. - . 1964. Field notes, Bird notes, 1963- 64. Bird Observer 394 (Sept.): 2-8. [Continued іп 395 (Aug.): 3-4.] 1965. Field notes. .Bird notes, 1964- | 65. Bird Observer 406 (Sept.): 2-4. [Continued in 407 (Oct.): 4-8 and 408 (Nov.): 3-5.] —, 196%. Field notes. Bird notes, 1967- 1968. Bird Observer 441 (Aug.): 8. [Continued іп 442 (бері.): 3-8, 443 (Oct,): 2-8 and 444 (Nov.): 3-4.] -------, 1969-1970. Field notes. Bird notes, 1968-1969, Bird Observer 453 (Aug.): 8. [Con- tinued in 454 (Sept); 4-8, 455 (Oct.): 7-8, 456 (Nov.): 6-8, 457 (Dec.): 7-12 and 458 (Jan.): 5-8.] . 1969. News and comments. Bird Observer 456 (Nov.): 3. —— —, 1970-1971, Field notes. Bird notes, 1969-1970. Bird Observer 465 (Aug.): 8. [Con- tinued in 466 (Sept.): S-8, 467 (Oct.): 8, 468 (Моу.): 4-8, 469 (Dec.): 7-12 and 470 (Jan.): 6-8.] — . 1971-1972. Field notes. Bird notes, 1970-1971. Bird Observer 477 (Aug.): 7-8. [Continued in 478 (Sept.): 7-8, 479 (Oct.): 7-8, 480 (Nov.): 8, 481 (Dec.): 8, 482 (Jan.): 7-8, 483 (Feb.): 8-12 and 484 (Mar.): 4-8.] . WHEELER, W. R., 1960. Notes on swifts 1959- 1960, Bird Observer 347 (Oct.). [Continued in 348 (Nov.): 3-5.] - —, 1967. Bird notes, 1966-67. Bird Ob- server 430. (Sept.): 4-8. [Continued in 431 (Oct.): 3-8 and 432 (Nov.): $-8.] - ——, 1968. Field notes. The B.O.C. at Bendigo, Vic, Bird Observer 434 (Jan.): 6. . WHEELER, W. Roy, 1957, Notes on migrants, 1956-57. Bird Observer 309 (Aug.): 3-5, 1964. Field notes. Weekend visit to Maryborough. Bird Observer 391 (June): 3-4, . WICKSTEED, PAULINE, 1973. Club functions, Lyal Glen, November 25th. (Dec.): 7-8. Bird Observer 505 1946, Some birds of Bendigo. Victorian Nat. 62: 191-192. 1928. Bird notes from Yarraberb, Emu 28: 121-128. . W, 1. M, [= Watson, 1. M. 21, 1964, Field notes. Further notes on White-winged Choughs. Bird Observer 395 (Oct.): 2. FOREST PRESERVATION LEAGUE, 1972. The Wychitella Forest. Boort: Boort Stan- dard and Quambatook Times. [Booklet published for the Wychitella Forest Preservation League containing a bird list for the Wychitella Forest. ] a BRYANT, (Cy Е І Bird Watcher 1: eee 1 NEUE . DENNY, W., . HAMILTON, D. T., . Hinpwoop, К. А., . Hinpwoop, К. A. . JoHNSTON, BOB, BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO BIRDS NORTH OF CENTRAL VICTORIA Addendum ANON., 1967. Excursion to the Whipstick, Ben- digo. Victorian Nat. 84: 50-53. BANFIELD, LORNA, 1964. Red-capped Robin near Ararat, Vic. Bird Observer 389 (Apr.): 6. Верссоор, G. W., 1959. Brolgas at Corop. Emu 59: 288. Best, D., 1898. Notes of а visit to Logan. Vic- torian Nat. 15: 35-38. BILLINGHURST, F. L., 1898. Yellow-tufted Honey- eater. Victorian Nat. 15: 14. Віѕнор, YVONNE and Ком, 1972. Predation of birds along railway lines. Aust. Bird Watcher 4: 223-224. . BLACKBURN, G., 1964. The other mallee in Vic- toria, Victorian Nat. 81: 160-163. . BRIGHT, J., 1932. Birds of Lake Cooper, Vic- toria, and surroundings. Ети 32: 42-48, ------- 1935. Notes on a few birds of the Rochester district, Emu 34: 293-302. 1938. A note on the Black Honeyeater. Ети 37: 176-178. . CHISHOLM, A. H., 1909, Stray feathers. Move- ments of Wood-swallows. Emu 8: 215-216. 1910. Stray feathers. Maryborough (Vic.) notes. Ети 9: 166-167. , 1910. Stray feathers. Charlotte Plains bird notes. Ети 9: 167-168. —— — — — , 1919. Bell-birds and caterpillars. Emu 18: 295-297. -------, 1961. Along the by-ways with the editor. The menace of 'scraping'. Victorian Nat. 78: 237. — —————, 1962. The strange ways of parasitic birds. Victorian Nat. 78: 268-273. , 1962. Ways of the quail-thrush. Aust. 222-224. . 1964. Along the by-ways with the editor. A bird problem, Victorian Nat. 80: 368- 369. ‚ 1969. Bright days in birdland. Vic- torian Nat. 86: 189-190. 1941. Excursion to Bendigo. Vic- torian Nat. 58: 101. . Сое, C. F., 1907. Bird-life in the Nagambie district, Victorian Nat. 24: 75-79. . CowrEv, ROGER, 1957. Reports of outings. Bar- ker's Creek. Bird Observer 306 (May). 1969. Readers’ nature notes and queries, Crimson Chats. Victorian Nat. 86: 248. . Forp, Н. W., 1908. Bird notes from Marong (Bendigo District) from 1904 to 1907. Emu 9: 26-3l. 1886. Note. Iguana versus cockatoos. Victorian Nat. 3: 68. 1935. The Painted Honey- 149-157. and MICHAEL SHARLAND, 1964. The Swift Parrot. Emu 63: 310-326. eater. Emu 34: . JACOBS, Victor, 1966. Bush brushes. Rare bird? Victorian Nat. 83: 169. . JARMAN, Howarp, 1973. The Turquoise Parrot. Aust. Bird Watcher 4: 239-250. : 1971. Some observations on the Lowan at Wychitella, Victorian Nat. 88: 116-117. 243. Dromaius novaehollandiae . McCann, 1. R, . ONELL, №. Ј., . PERRY, . ROYAL ағы T АЁ 41 І.ғасн, Носн А. C. 1929. Honeyeaters апа cuckoos. Emu 28: 177-182, . Lowe, V. T., 1960. Grey Falcon records from 54. 1957. Naturalists notebook. Regent Honeyeaters. Victorian Nat. 74: 73. northern Victoria, Emu 60: . Mitne, Ноон V., 1938. The Black Honeyeater. Emu 37: 247-250. . NANCARROW, В. H., 1888. Note on the nidifica- tion of the Chestnut-rumped Acanthiza (Acan- .thiza uropygialis). Victorian Nat. 4: 206-208. 1936. Stray feathers, Gilbert Whistler. Emu 35: 358. ‚ 1936. Stray feathers. Distribution of Victorian species. Emu 35: 359. . PAwsEY, C. F., 1906. Bird census of the Stawell district. Emu 6: 70. W., 1954. Protective habitat of the Yellow-tufted Honeyeater. Victorian Nat. 71: 108-109. , 1965. Bush brushes. Sparrows and eucalyptus blossoms. Victorian Nat. 82: 207. , 1966. Bush brushes. Death on (һе roads. Victorian Nat, 83: 59-60. ——————, 1968. Readers nature notes and queries. While the billy boiled. Victorian Nat. 85: 88-89. : . 1969. Observations on the Sacred King- fisher. Victorian Nat. 86: 77-78. . PERRY, WiLLIAM, 1951. Miners and birds. Some centenary bird notes from Bendigo. Victorian Nat. 68: 77-81. . Воввімѕ, F., 1968. Whipstick nature-trail. Vic- torian Nat. 85: 225-227. . ROWLANDS, Evan, 1960. Nesting habits of the Blue Wren. Victorian Nat. 77: 124-127. AUSTRALIAN ORNITHOLOGISTS (RAOU) CouNcIL, Emu 12: 202-203. UNION 1913. Quails in Victoria. . Ryan, Jack, 1961. Notes from Kangaroo Flat, Victoria. Aust. Bird Watcher 1: 160. 1963. Flame Robin nesting at Kangaroo Flat, Vic. Aust. Bird Watcher 2: 26. . S, Н. C. E. [= Stewart, Н. C. E.?], 1949. Rush- worth avian population. B.O.C. Monthly Notes (July). . TURNER, ELIZABETH K., 1972. F.N.C.V. excur- sion to Bendigo. Victorian Nat. 89: 119-123. . Warrs, F. A., 1959. Flame Robins with young in northern Victoria. Emu 59: 222-223. . WHEELER, Rov, 1964. Some notes on babblers and choughs. Victorian Nat. 81: 106-109. . WICKSTEED, PAULINE, 1973. The Painted Honey- eater in northern Victoria, Aust. Bird Watcher 4: 256. Part П Species List Emu 19, 250 Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe 19, 69, 126, 194, 195, 197, 199, 201, 204, 205, 220, 221, 233, 260 Poliocephalus poliocephalus Hoary-headed Grebe 19, 116, 118, 126, 140, 194, 207, 210, 220 42 ALLAN McEVEY and Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian Grebe 16, /9, 24, 72, 91, 109, 116, 126, 132, 140, 174, 176, 190, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 233 Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian Pelican 35. 16, 19) 116, 118; 126. 137. 180: 174, 147; 22(:2233 Anhinga melanogaster Darter ЭОС 19: 5315-2694 ЭП ЭҢ! 116, 126, 140, 195, 220, 233 Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant 16, 19, 61, 69, 72, 74, 78, 79, 91, 109, 126, 130, 132, 137, 168, 174, 177, 188, 190, 194, 195, 207, 225722122253: 250 Phalacrocorax varius Pied Cormorant 9, 16, 19, 79, 98, 126, 168, 220, 233 Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Little Black Cormorant 16, 19, 72, 79, 98, 126, 130, 173, 194, 207, 220, 233 Phalacrocorax melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant 16, 19. 24: 174; 78. 797 85. RRs 98. 103, 109, 116, 126, 130, 132, 137, 140, 174, 177, 185, 190, 194, 199, 207, 212, 220, 233 Phalacrocorax spp. Cormorant 2. Ardea pacifica | Pacific Heron 3; 92 16, 49:997 21125 1116: 126; 140, 186, 194, 199. 212: 220, 233 Ardea novaehollandiae | White-faced Heron 37229; 122 168 18107247 675 тор 84, 85, 21x1:99 TOO ааа 109 IOS 112, 116, 118, 126, 130, 132, 136, 139, 140, 141, 165, 168, 173, 174, 175, 177, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 212, 220, 225, 233, 236, 250, 262 Egretta alba Great Egret 16, 19, 116, 126, 174, 194, 220, 233, 250 Egretta garzetta Little Egret 19 Egretta intermedia 19, 220 Egretta spp. 3, 185, 210 Nycticerax caledonicus Rufous Night Heron 3, 16, 19, 99, 126, 139, 186, 192, 220, 233 Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern 9, 19, 118, 139, 220, 233, 250 Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis 19, 199, 210 Threskiornis aethiopica Intermediate Egret Egret Sacred Ibis 9, 16, 19, 91, 99, 118, 126, 132, 140, 165, 174, 177, 187, 194, 210, 212, 220, 233 Threskiornis spinicollis Straw-necked Ibis 2.716::19: 191,991 117- 412: 9118; 126, 174, 192, 210, 220, 233, 236, 250 Platalea regia Royal Spoonbill 19, 126, 190, 799, 210, 220, 250 Platalea flavipes Yellow-billed Spoonbill 16, 19, 116, 126, 132, 140, 165, 174, 190, 194, 210, 220, 233 Platalea spp. Spoonbill 118, 177 WILLIAM B. EMISON Anseranas semipalmata Magpie Goose 71, 250 Dendrocygna arcuata 19, 118, 220 Dendrocygna eytoni 19, 220 Cygnus atratus Black. Swan 3, 9, 16, 19, 72, 74, 85, 89, 91, 109, 116, 118, 126, 132, 139, 140, 152, 171, 174, 177, 186, 188, 192, 207, 220, 233, 250 Stictonetta naevosa Freckled Duck 19, 91, 220 Tadorna tadornoides Australian Shelduck 16, 79, 103, 109, 116, 118, 126, 132, 165, 174, 185, 186, 188, 192, 197, 212, 220, 221, 250, 262 Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck 7, 9, 16, 19, 24, 85, 91, 109, 110, 116, 118, 125, 126, 130, 137, 139, 152, 153, 165, 169, 174, 177, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 233, 250, 262, Anas platyrhynchos 19 Anas gibberifrons 16, 19, 109, 207, 220 Anas castanea Chestnut Teal 9; 18; 69: 109, 118. 197, 2207 233. 250 Anas spp. Teal 125 Anas rhynchotis Australasian Shoveller 70.2118: 7126. 192: 207, 220, 250 Malacorhynchus membranaceus Pink-eared Duck 16, 19, 126, 132, 199, 201, 220, 250 Aythya australis Hardhead 16, 19, 69, 109, 118, 126, 195, 201, 207, 220, 233 Chenonetta jubata Maned Duck 7, 9, 16, 19, 91, 109, 118, 126, 137, 165, 168, 174, 177, 186, 190, 195, 199, 212, 220, 250, 262, Oxyura australis Blue-billed Duck 19: 2199.20. 220 Biziura lobata Musk Duck Wandering Whistling-Duck Plumed Whistling-Duck Mallard Grey Teal 116, 118, 126, 132, 186, 192, 195, A, 16219. 24, 67, 74; B5, 118: 126, 174 192, 194, 195, 220, 233, 250 Elanus notatus | Black-shouldered Kite 16, 18, /9, 61, 72, 118, 126, 140, 173, 174, 186, 220 Elanus scriptus Letter-winged Kite 19 Milvus migrans Black Kite 15, 19 Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite Jj: 15, 16, 18, 1% ST, 72. 78, 80. 86, 91, 109, 116, 118, 125, 126, 132, 137, 140, 152, 160, 174, 175, 177, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 220; 233. 234 Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk 16, 18, 79, 72, 78, 85, 96, 110, 116, 126, 130, 140, 160, 168, 173, 207, 212, 220, 250 Accipiter cirrhocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk 9119. 126.220 173, 2105 138, 174, 175, 186, 190, 195, 205, BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO BIRDS NORTH OF CENTRAL VICTORIA 43 Accipiter novaehollandiae 16, 19, 137, 196, 220 Accipiter spp. Goshawk 1, 4, 24, 69, 74, 112, 139, 188, 192, 194 ОЛЕ leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle Sauna RLO божо 787-45-90, 1107 1487126: 132, 137, 140, 143, 160, 170, 185, 186, 187, 190, 192: 195: 105: 1205: 2077 29127 220; 2335, 234, 250 Hieraaetus morphnoides Little Eagle З 16- 19; 297 31.572; 917 110: 126: 138; 143, 175, 186, 187, 194, 195, 220, 234 Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier 19, 186 Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier 9- 16, 49, 60 8%, 109. 176. 137; 192, 195, 197, 220 Falco subniger Black Falcon 19, 187, 220 Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon ]; 16: 107 :85, 109: 126. 132, 160; 186; 212. 220 Falco longipennis Australian Hobby 16, 79, 91, 109, 126, 174, 190, 212, 220, 233 Falco hypoleucos Grey Falcon 18, 19, 175, 244 Falco berigora Brown Falcon 9, 16, 18, 19, 67, 72, 74, 86, 93, 96, 116, 126, 140, 165, 168, 170, 173, 175, 177, 186, 187, 188, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 233, 236, 250, 262 Falco cenchroides Australian Kestrel 7, 9, 16, 19, 72, 112, 118, 126, 140, 160, 174, 186, 187; 195.9210; 212: 2270), 32257 2353. 240; 250 Leipoa ocellata МаПееТом/1 19, 26, 129, 160, 212, 213, 219, 242 Coturnix novaezelandiae Stubble Quail 5, 9, 19, 118, 126, 169, 192, 220, 250, 259 Coturnix australis Brown Quail 16, 19, 72, 220, 233 King Quail Grey Goshawk 173, 170, 174, 186, Coturnix chinensis 19 Turnix varia Painted Button-quail 3, 4, 5, 16, 19, 72, 74, 118, 126, 140, 175, 180, 186, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220 Turnix velox Little Button-quail 19, 118, 220 Coturnix| Turnix spp. THIS 259. Pedionomus torquatus | Plains-wanderer ТЭЗ 29m E187 7122 Rallus philippensis Buff-banded Rail 16, 19, 88, 118, 126, 220, 233 Rallus pectoralis Lewin’s Rail 220 Porzana pusilla 19, 126, 220 Porzana fluminea 19, 220 Porzana tabuensis 16, 126, 204 Quail Baillon's Crake Australian Crake Spotless Crake Gallinula ventralis Black-tailed Native-hen 3, 16, 19, 126, 137, 197, 198, 202, 220 Gallinula tenebrosa Dusky Moorhen 16, 19, 24, 85, 109, 110, 116, 118, 126, 130, 132, 137, 140, 174, 177, 186, 192, 195, 220, 233 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen 3, 16, 19, 72, 109, 116, 126, 132, 140, 174, 186, 187, 192, 201, 207, 220, 233 Fulica atra Eurasian Coot 3. 16719: 74-857 126," 132, 139: 1407 152; 174; 186, 194, 195, 220, 221, 233 Grus rubicundus Brolga 19-551 OG. 72 152222052750) Ardeotis australis Australian Bustard 19, 95 Burhinus magnirostris Bush Thick-knee OF 1162819. ЭЛЕ 32. 72; 797% 3108 148- 195; 439; 140, 185, 186, 187, 204, 220, 233, 236, 250 Rostratula benghalensis 17; 19- 199.3220. Vanellus miles Masked Lapwing 7:9, 15, 16, 18, ТӘ 64) 72,778, 81, 85; 86, 91, 99; 108, 709. 119: 116; 118, 125, 126, 130, 132; 740; 7822 165; 170/ 175, 174, 1758: 177; 186; 187; 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 233, 250, 262 Vanellus tricolor Banded Lapwing 9, 16, 19, 81, 99, 118, 126, 132, 160, 202, 210, 212, 220, 236 Vanellus spp. 118, 139 Erythrogonys cinctus Red-kneed Dotterel 1621927255 01, 120) 2127-1126; 23132,9171 199-207) 202, 220 Charadrius ruficapillus 16, 19, 126, 220, 250 Charadrius melanops | Black-fronted Plover 4-59 T6919. 1225 ION 67256919512 йг 7829] 100, 109, 718, 121, 126, 132, 140, 169, 177, 186, 187, 190, 192, 194, 195, 202, 207, 210, 212, 220, 233, 236, 250 Charadrius spp. 171 Painted Snipe Lapwing Red-capped Plover Plover Himantopus himantopus | Black-winged Stilt 16, 19, 83, 91, 111, 126, 132, 207, 220 Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Red-necked Avocet 19, 126, 205, 220, 250 Tringa nebularia Greenshank 16, 202, 220 Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe 16, 17, 19, 174, 199, 250 Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit 220 Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 16, 19, 91, 111, 126, 132, 202, 220, 250 Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint 19 Calidris alba Sanderling 220 44 ALLAN McEVEY and WILLIAM B. EMISON Larus novaehollandiae Silver Gull 16, 19, 74, 126, 132, 139, 171, 188, 192, 199, 204, 220 Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern Glossopsitta pusilla Little Lorikeet 4, 5, 9, 16, 18, 19, 37, 85, 867, 95, 116, 126, 137, 140, 160, 166, 168, 170, 175, 186, 188, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 205, 209, 212, 220, 233, 250 16, 19, 95, 126, 192, 220 Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern 19, 220 ? Sterna nereis 171 Ptilinopus regina 9 Fairy Tern Rose-crowned Fruit-Dove Colomba livia Feral Pigeon 19 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Turtle-Dove 11, 16, 19, 74, 126, 168, 202 Geopelia placida Peaceful Dove Su ou qure 12200] ET Tay 152, 160, 167, 168, 186, 190, 194, 201, 202, 207, 212, 220 Geopelia cuneata Diamond Dove 9, 16, 19, 63, 118, 199, 220 Phaps chalcoptera Соттоп Bronzewing 5, 9, 16, 18, 19, 67, 72, 74, 85, 103, 110, 116, 118, 126, 130, 137, 140, 160, 168, 169, 173, 174, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 207, 212, 220, 250 Phaps elegans Brush Bronzewing 5, 16, 19, 188, 205, 212 Phaps spp. Bronzewing к ЕЕЕ. Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon 16, 19, 72, 126, 160, 187, 201, 212, 220 Calyptorhynchus funereus Yellow-tailed Black- 126, 132, 140, 196, 197, 198, Cockatoo 19 Callocephalon fimbriatum Gang-gang Cockatoo 19 Cacatua roseicapilla Galah 1, 9, 16, 18, 19, 72, 78, 85, 110, 112, 116, 118, 126, 128, 130, 140, 160, 168, 178% 1742 NIS 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 207, 209, 212, 220, 225, 236, 250, 262 Сасаша tenuirostris Long-billed Corella 19, 126, 201 Cacatua sanguinea Little Corella 19, 236 Cacatua galerita Sulphur-crested Cockatoo 9, 19, 24, 85, 96, 118, 126, 128, 130, 137, 140, 160, 174, 177, 185, 186, 187, 195, 212. 220; 233; 237, 250 Trichoglossus haematodus Det OOS, 2072750 Glossopsitta concinna Musk Lorikeet 5, 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 37, 67, 68, 74, 89, 93, 95, 103, 110, 116, 117, 118, 126, 132, 140, 141, 160, 166, 168, 173, 174, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 202, 207, 209, 210, 212, 220, 233, 250 Glossopsitta porphyrocephala Purple-crowned Lorikeet 5, 9, 16, 18, 19, 37, 64, 67, 74, 785, 101, 126, 140, 141, 160, 167, 168, 175, 180, 186, 190, 192, 194, 195, 205, 208, 209, 212, 220, 233, 236, 250 195, 197, 201, Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus/Glossopsitta spp. Lorikeet 3125,35. 0/2: 109-7133». 1/77 Alisterus scapularis Australian King Parrot 177 Polytelis swainsonii Superb Parrot 126, 197 Polytelis anthopeplus Regent Parrot 126 Nymphicus hollandicus Cockatiel 91 16: 79 61. ЧӨ MUSS 125: ІС TOT RO) 202, 204, 210, 214, 218,220; 1225. 233, 236, 250 Melopsittacus undulatus Budgerigar 9, 16, 19, 24, 72, 118, 126, 199, 204, 209, 210, 212, 220, 236, 262 Lathamus discolor Swift Parrot 9, 16, 19, 74, 107, 110, 116, 126, 140, 167, 168, 186, 191, 192, 194, 201, 204, 207, 212, 239 Platycercus elegans Crimson Rosella 25.18, 19, 39: 88. 118, 126, 130, 174, 175, 186, 187, 190, 198, 216, 220, 234, 250 Platycercus eximius Eastern Rosella 4. 9: 16; 18. 19: 24; 67. 72, 74, 78, 80, 85, 86, eet ves TOSS ЖМА ай 112, 116, 126, 130, 132, 135, 136, 137, 140, 146, 160, 168, 170, 173, 174, “ТОЛКА ТЕК 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 198, 207, 210, 212, 220, 225, 233, 236, 250, 262 Barnardius barnerdi 9, 16, 19, 212 Psephotus haematonotus Red-rumped Parrot І» 7, 9:16, 18; 19, 24; 67; 72, 74, 78, 85, 86, 91, 103, 109, 110, 112, 116, Ш 26:930 132: 137, 140, 160, 168, 169, 170; 173, 174; 175.177, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 210, 212, 220, 225, 233, 236, 241, 250, 262 Northiella haematogaster Blue Bonnet 9, 19, 220, 236 Neophema chrysostoma Blue-winged Parrot 19, 116, 126, 186 Neophema elegans 19, 185 Neophema pulchella Turquoise Parrot 18, 19, 241 мен 5рр. Меорһета 5 135, 146, 173, Mallee Ringneck Elegant Parrot Cuculus pallidus Pallid Cuckoo 6, 9, 16, 18, 19, 36, 39, 55, 59, 65, 67, 69, 72, 74, 78, 86, 91, 93, 94, 110, 118, 126, 130, 132, 135, 136, 137, 143, 148, 153, 165, 168, 1729198; 1194, 175, 176, 177, 186, 192, 194, 199, 201, 202, 204, 205, 207, 212, 220, 224, 228, 234, 236, 243, 250 Cuculus variolosus Brush Cuckoo 19, 126 Cuculus pyrrhophanus | Fan-tailed Cuckoo 6, 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 53, 63, 67, 72, 74, 78, 85, 86, 91, 110, 118, 126, 130, 152, 153, 165, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 186, 188, 190, 192, 195, 207, 212, 220, 234, 250 BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO BIRDS NORTH OF CENTRAL VICTORIA 45 Chrysococcyx osculans | Black-eared Cuckoo ӘСІЗ 532 92. 118. 126; 1507 151, 152. 153. 160 186, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 220, 231, 243 Chrysococcyx basalis Horsfield’s Bronze-Cuckoo 9: 16, 18, 19, 45, 53, 67, 69, 72, 74, 78, 110, 118, 124, 126, 130, 132, 137, 143, 165, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 186, 188, 192, 194, 195, 196, 199, 207, 212, 220, 228, 234, 243, 246, 247, 250 Chrysococcyx lucidus Shining Bronze-Cuckoo 16, 18, 19, 63, 69, 72, 74, 86, 118, 126, 130, 143, 160, 168, 169, 174, 175, 186, 192, 207, 234, 236, 250 Chrysococcyx spp. Bronze-Cuckoo 61, 63, 70, 135, 136, 140, 152, 153, 177, 194, 243 , Cuculus| Chrysococcyx spp. Cuckoo 131 Scythrops novaehollandiae Channel-billed Cuckoo 19, 114 Ninox strenua Powerful Owl 9, 19, 126, 199, 220 Ninox novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook 9716. 719. 760, 72, 785, 93, 11% 126, 195: 212, 220, 233, 250 Ninox connivens Barking Owl 9, 19, 154, 220 Tyto alba Barn Owl 9, 16, 19, 61, 118, 126, 220 Podargus strigoides ‘Tawny Frogmouth Ое 587 291372 AUN 116: 126; 1373 172; 186, 209, 212, 220, 234, 250, 262 Aegotheles cristatus Australian Owlet-nightjar 515.9: 46. 19:763. 72: 747.56; 118; 126, 140, 144, 160, 185, 186, 191, 194, 195, 207, 209, 212, 220, 2272222: 236 Caprimulgus mystacalis 202 Caprimulgus guttatus Spotted Nightjar 7, 16, 19, 72, 103, 142, 144, 179, 182, 183, 185, 186, 196, 198, 202, 204, 205, 212 Caprimulgus spp. Nightjar 178 Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail 9, 16, 19, 118, 126, 186, 202, 203, 205, 212, 229, 236 Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift е. ДӘ, 126. 196,203, 233 Ceyx azureus Azure Kingfisher 3, 9, 19, 28, 88, 126, 174, 202, 220, 233 Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra 9, 13, 16, 18, 19, 24, 67, 72, 74, 85, 86, 91, 93, 186, 194, 173, White-throated Nightjar 96, 112, 114, 116, 118, 126, 130, 140, 160, 168, 173, 174, 175, 177, 185, 186, 187, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 233, 250 Halcyon pyrrhopygia Red-backed Kingfisher 9; 19; 27. 118, 797, 236, 255 Halcyon sancta Sacred Kingfisher 1, 3, 4, 9, 16, 18, 19, 63, 66, 72, 80, 89, 118, 126, 168, 171, 173, 174, 186, 192, 194, 195, 209, 212, 220, 233, 236, 255, 256, 262, 263 Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater 1, 3, 9, 16, 17, 18, 19, 57, 72, 118, 126, 133, 137, 138, 143, /63, 167, 169, 173, 175, 186, 192, 194, 195, 198, 201, 202, 205, 206, 208, 209, 212, 220, 233, 236, 256, 262 Eurystomus orientalis | Dollarbird 19, 126, 197, 201, 220 Mirafra javanica Singing Bushlark 9, 126, 186, 192, 220, 250 Alauda arvensis Skylark 19, 192, 195 Cheramoeca leucosternum | White-backed Swallow 16, 19, 126, 160, 163, 187, 199, 262 Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow TU Uu MOA T0229. 24. 1871 TO 795274; 45 1005, 110, 112, 715, 116, 118, 126, 132, 137, 140, 141, 152, 160, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 177, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 210, 212, 220, 233, 250, 256, 262 Cheramoeca/ Hirundo spp. 69, 78, 91, 96, 130, 187 Cecropis nigricans Tree Martin 16, 18, 19, 69, 72, 74, 80, 86, 110, 126, 160, 163, 168, 173, 174, 175, 185, 186, 190, 192, 194, 199, 207, 212, 220, 233, 250, 262 Cecropis ariel Fairy Martin 1, 9. 16, 18, 19; 23; 24, 39, 07; 69; 72, 78, 80; 110, 118, 126, 139, 168, 173, 174, 177, 186, 192, 194, 195, 207, 209, 212, 220, 224, 236, 256, 262 Anthus novaeseelandiae Richard’s Pipit БУО ОКУЯ ЛӘ Га R T ERO ОТС 118, 126, 132, 140, 160, 168, 170, 173, 174, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 224, 235, 250 Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike 4. 7; 9, 16, 18, 19; 24, 67, 72, 14; 18,. 85, 86, 110, 114, 115, 116, 118, 126, 130, 137, 140, 152, 160, 165, 168, 172, 173, 174, 177, 186, 190, 192, 194, 195, 205, 207, 209, 210, 212, 220, 233, 236, 250 Coracina papuensis White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike 43-9: 1682 187 79: 67: 2:16: 126, 137; ТАШ 4k 152, 478,186; 190, 192: 194. 195-199-202, 205; 207, 212, 220, 231, 240 Coracina tenuirostris Cicadabird 19 Coracina maxima 9 Lalage sueurti White-winged Triller ПЕТОК Olen 12: 967 E ES МӨ; 126. 137, 186, 192, 194, 195, 798, 199, 201, 205, 208, 212, 220 Zoothera dauma White's Thrush 16, 19, 52, 57, 105, 126, 140, 196 Turdus merula | Blackbird ТШО ЕО ТӨЛЕ 917-105: 116, 118, 126, 130, 132, 140, 168, 170, 188, 190, 192, 194, 207 Turdus philomelos Song Thrush 19, 130 2 Drymodes superciliaris Scrub-robin 212 Swallow Ground Cuckoo-shrike 109, 112, 173, 187, Northern (Eastern) 46 Drymodes brunneopygia Southern Scrub-robin ALLAN McEVEY and 19, 51, 82, 94, 140, 160, 184, 196, 197, 198, 204, 212 Petroica rosea Rose Robin 19, 31, 82, 128, 186, 202 Petroica vodinogaster Pink Robin 19, 126, 149, 186, 204 Petroica phoenicea Flame Robin 9: 16, 19, 24. 31, 89. 72. 74, 82, 85, 91, 103; 110, 112, 116, 118, 119, 126, 130, 132, 140, 152, 161, 165, 182, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 204, 212, 220, 224, 236, 250, 261, 264 Petroica multicolor Scarlet Robin 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 31, 39, 44, 63, 67, 74, 82, 85, 93, 112, 116, 118, 119, 126, 128, 130, 136, 137, 140, 152, 159, 160, 165, 170, 175, 182, 185, 186, 188, 190, 205, 212, 220, 224, 236, 250, 261 Petroica goodenovii Red-capped Robin 5 9, 16, 19, 39, 47, 53, 72, 82, 116, 118; 119; 126, 140, 151, 152, 159, 160, 165, 167, 168, 177, 182, 185, 186, 187, 192, 194, 195, 202, 204, 205, 207, 208, 212, 214, 220, 224, 231, 236, 243, 247 261, 262 Melanodryas cucullata Hooded Robin 5, 7: 9; 16; 18, 19, 24: 67, 72; 74, 82: 85, 86, 103, 110, 116, 118, 124, 126, 132, 137, 140, 143, 148, 159, 160, 165, 170, 173, 175; 176; 182, 48»: > 186, 189, 190, 192, 194, 195, 201, 204, 205, 207, 208, 212, 220, 231, 250, 261 Eopsaltria australis Eastern Yellow Robin 9,216,218: 197-217 242%, 48, 53, 67, 72, 74, 78, 82, 85, 86, 91, өз, 103, 110, 116, 778, 126, 130, 132, 135, 140, 141, 150, 152, 159, 160, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 176, 182, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 201, 205, 207, 212, 226, 231, 234, 250, 261 Microeca leucophaea Jacky Winter 6, 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 43, ЫЛ. ӨРЕСІ 747 176) RA 86, 91, 103, 110, 112, 116, 118, 126, 130, 132, 137, 140, 141, 160, 165, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 250 Falcunculus frontatus Crested Shrike-tit 1, 4, 9, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 40, 42, 61, 6h 327 74, 85, 91, 113, 115, 116, 118, 125, 126, 130, 132, 137, 140, 152, 168, 173, 174, 175, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 199, 205, 207, 208, 212, 220, 226, 228, 233, 250, 262 Pachycephala inornata — Gilbert's Whistler 2, 6, 7, 16, 18, 19, 20, 47, 50, 51, 57, 72, 74, 78, 91, 104, 110, 111, 116, 126, 129, 140, 141, 151, 152, 159, 160, 168, 169, 175, 180, 187, 191, 196, 198, 199, 205, 207, 209, 212, 220, 231, 248, 266 Pachycephala pectoralis Golden Whistler 9, 16, 18, 19, 20, 24, 51, 67, 72, 74, 78, 85, 86, 116, 718, 126, 130, 140, 741, 151, 152, 160, 168, 169, 173, 174, 175, 186, 188, 190, 194, 207, 209. 212, 220, 236, 250 WILLIAM В, EMISON Rufous Whistler 47, 51, 67, 72, 85, 93, 103, 140, 151, 160, 168, 169, 187, 192, 194, 195, 205, Pachycephala rufiventris 9, 16, 18, 19, 20, 36, 116, 118, 126, 133, 137, 173, 174, 175, 177, 186, 207, 209, 212, 220, 234 Pachycephala spp. Whistler (Coachwhip Bird) 135 Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush 4, 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 67, 70, 72, 74, 78, 85, 86, 917 93 103: 2109 ее 115% ТӨ; iy oe 26; 130, 132, 133, 135, 140, /59, 160, 768, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 177, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 201, 207, 209, 211, 220, 233, 250, 262 Oreoica gutturalis Crested Bellbird Ду а б, 74-9: Тб; 18: 49, 271547. ЧЛ вт ЯЗ. 74, 78, 80, 85, 86, 89, 91, 93, 103, 110, 112, 115, 116, 718, 126, 130, 133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 143, 152, 156, 159, 160, 168, 169, 172, 174, 175, 177, 178, 180, 182, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 201, 205, 207, 212, 226, 231, 234, 250, 254 Myiagra rubecula Leaden Flycatcher 16, 19, 126 Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher 138 Myiagra inquieta Restless Flycatcher 6, 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 43, 63, 67, 72, 74, 85, 86, 91, 96, 103, 109, 110, 112, 116, 718, 126, 130, 137, 140, 143, 152, 160, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 210, 212, 220, 250, 262 Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail 19, 52, 126, 138, 199, 202 Rhipidura fuliginosa Grey Fantail 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 67, 72, 85, 86, 110, 116, 718, 126, 130, 140, 160, 768, 173, 174, 175, 177, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 228, 236, 250, 262 Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail ГЗЭ. 16, 18) 19594. 45 2567 79) eru Bose ts 96. 103, 109, 110, НӘРІ Т 126, 132, 137, 140, 145, 147, 160, 165, 168, 170, 173, 174, 175, 177, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 233, 236, 250, 262 Cinclosoma punctatum Spotted Quail-thrush 16, 19, 72, 74, 93, 111, 116, 118, 126, 141, 152, 186, 192, 194, 198, 205, 207, 229 Cinclosoma castanotum Chestnut Quail-thrush 151, Pomatostomus temporalis Grey-crowned Babbler 6, 9, 16, 19, 53, 69, 85, 93, 118, 126, 186, 195, 204, 220, 230, 233, 236 Pomatostomus superciliosus White-browed Babbler 1, 9, 16, 19, 24, 51, 53, 67, 72, 74, 78, 80, 86, 89, 91, 93, 103, 110, 112, 116, 718, 126, 130, 132, 137, 140, 141, 143, 160, 167, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 197, 205, 207, 212, 220, 230, 231, 233, 234, 236, 250, 265 Pomatostomus spp. Babbler 46, 243, 262 BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO BIRDS NORTH OF CENTRAL VICTORIA 47 Acrocephalus stentoreus Clamorous Reed-Warbler 16, 19, 56, 67, 72, 87, 96, 126, 137, 168, 174, 187, 192, 194, 210, 220, 233 Megalurus gramineus Little Grassbird 16, 19, 56, 91, 109, 110, 116, 126, 137, 192, 194, 220 Cisticola exilis 19, 187, 220 Cinclorhamphus mathewsi Rufous Songlark 9, 16, 18, 19, 36, 69, 72, 78, 96, 104, 118, 126, 143, 155, 158, 168, 172, 173, 174, 175, 186, 192, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 202, 207, 208, 212, 220, 231,232 Cinclorhamphus cruralis Brown Songlark 2:506. 19.772; 318; 126, 160; 169; 186, 192: 220, 236, 250 Malurus cyaneus Superb Fairy-wren СОС 18: 191 22:724. 053 763; 657, 12. 143 0783 85, 86, 91, 93, 96, 103, 109, 110, 116, 118, 126, 129, 130, 132, 137, 140, 141, 160, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 199, 204, 205, 207, 209, 212, 220, 243, 250, 258, 262 Malurus splendens Splendid Fairy-wren 169, 212 Malurus lamberti Variegated Fairy-wren 2, 6, 16, 19, 51, 63, 72, 78, 129, 140, 168, 169, 180, 185, 205, 209, 212, 247 Malurus leucopterus White-winged Fairy-wren 187 Sericornis frontalis White-browed Scrubwren ОТЕ 2197185. 0130): К/2/ 1777186; 195; 250, 262 Sericornis pyrrhopygius Chestnut-rumped Hylacola 449-7167 18: 197 74, 76, 78; 93, 126; 128: 150, 152, 153, 159, 168, 175, 186, 196, 199, 202, 260 Sericornis cautus Shy Hylacola 6, 9, 16, 19, 63, 72, 76, 128, 129, 140, 151, 160, 168, 169, 182, 185, 196, 204, 205, 209, 212, 247 Sericornis fuliginosus Calamanthus 19 Sericornis sagittatus Speckled Warbler 4, 5, 19, 53, 69, 74, 85, 93, 126, 130, 137, 140, 141, 143, 153, 186, 195, 196, 200, 208, 212, 231, 234 Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill 4, 16, 19, 24, 67, 72, 74, 85, 103, 116, 126, 130, 140, 152, 160, 168, 169, 177, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 197, 204, 205, 207, 212, 220, 228, 250 Gerygone fusca Western Gerygone 16, 18, 19, 20, 47, 52, 54, 72, 118, 126, 131, 172, 173, 174, 186, 192, 194, 196, 198, 199, 201, 205, 207, 212 Gerygone olivacea White-throated Gerygone 19, 20, 40, 52, 54, 126, 198, 201, 208 Acanthiza pusilla Brown Thornbill 9, 16, 19, 24, 72, 85, 86, 93, 116, 126, 127, 130, 140, 160, 177, 186, 188, 190, 194, 207, 212, 234, 250 Acanthiza apicalis Inland Thornbill 9, 19, 78, 129, 151, 168, 169, 209, 247 Golden-headed Cisticola 141, 160, Acanthiza uropygialis Chestnut-rumped Thornbill 5, 9, 16, 19, 46, 47, 72, 74, 78, 85, 118, 126, 129, 137, 140, 151, 160, 180, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 212, 247, 249 Acanthiza reguloides Buff-rumped Thornbill 91916. 7183. 19:-69,—72. 74: 85; 192,93: L T6, 126, 127, 130, 140, 150, 170, 174, 175, 177, 186, 188, 192, 195, 197, 207, 212, 220 Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill 6, 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 46, 49, 67, 72, 74, 78, 80, 85, 86, 91, 93, 103, 110, 112, 116, 118, 126, 127, 130, 132, 137, 140, 141, 160, 165, 168, 170, 174, 175, 176, 177, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 196, 207, 209, 212, 220, 225, 228, 236, 250 Acanthiza nana Yellow Thornbill 9, 16, 19, 72, 74, 91, 112, 116, 126, 127, 139, 140, 168, 174, 186, 187, 190, 212, 220, 234, 250 Acanthiza lineata Striated Thornbill 9, 16, 18, 19, 74, 85, 93, 110, 126, 127, 130, 160, 170, 175, 185, 186, 188, 195, 212, 234, 250 Acanthiza spp. Thornbill 31, 243, 262 Aphelocephala leucopsis Southern Whiteface 6,95 То 187 9, бү, T2, TR; Өз, LOS UO; 116, 118, 126, 130, 137, 140, 141, 160, 170, 173, 185, 186, 190, 192, 194, 195, 204, 207, 212, 220, 225, 231, 250 Daphoenositta chrysoptera Varied Sittella 2, 5, 9, 10, 16, 18, 19, 67, 69, 72, 74, 116, 118, 126, 137, 140, 143, 168, 174, 175, 177, 183, 186, 189, 190, 192, 194, 195, 198, 201, 204, 207, 212, 220, 234, 250, 262 Climacteris leucophaea | White-throated Treecreeper 5, 9, 16, 18, 19, 67, 72, 85, 86, 93, 96, 116, 126, 130, 140, 170, 174, 175, 186, 188, 195, 250, 262 Climacteris picumnus Brown Treecreeper 1, 4, 5, 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 39, 67, 72, 74, 85, 86, 96, 103, 112, 116, 118, 126, 137, 140, 152, 160, 169, 173, 175, 177, 185, 186, 190, 192, 194, 195, 201, 207, 212, 220, 224, 225, 233, 250 Climacteris spp. Ттеесгеерег 177 Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird 6, 9, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 33, 39, 67, 72, 74, 78, 85, 86, 91, 93, 101, 102, 103, 109, 110, 112, 116, 117, 118, 126, 130, 132, 140, 152, 160, 165, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 197, 199, 205, 207, 212, 224, 236, 239, 243, 245, 250, 251 ха ae chrysoptera Little Wattlebird 118, 185, Anthochaera spp. Wattlebird 7, 70, 136, 177, 209, 262 Acanthagenys rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater 5, 16, 19, 91, 93, 101, 126, 140, 160, 186, 190, 199, 212 Plectorhyncha lanceolata Striped Honeyeater 19, 177, 262 Philemon corniculatus Noisy Friarbird 9, 19, 31, 69, 138, 177, 186, 195, 199, 220, 236, 250, 251 48 ALLAN McEVEY and WILLIAM B. EMISON Philemon citreogularis Little Friarbird 3, 5, 16, 19; 28, 83, 132. 186, 202, 212, 220 Xanthomyza phrygia Regent Honeyeater f; DONGLE, NIG: 2403 3 ИС 22 86, 91, 93, 101, 102, 110, 718, 126, 141, 152, 154, 166, 168, 175, 176, 180, 191, 192, 194, 201, 202, 204, 205, 209, 220, 224, 232, 243, 245 Entomyzon cyanotis Blue-faced Honeyeater 9, 16, 19. 46, 47, 78, 118, 126, 154, 156, 186, 197, 199, 204, 209, 220, 243, 249, 250 Manorina melanocephala Noisy Miner 7, 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 46, 63, 69, 72, 78, 85, 86, 91, 93, 103, 109, 110, 112, 116, 118, 126, 132, 140, 154, 160, 168, 170, 173, 174, 177, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 220, 225, 236, 243, 250, 262 Manorina flavigula Yellow-throated Miner 60 Meliphaga lewinii 126 Lichenostomus chrysops Yellow-faced Honeyeater 9, 16, 19, 74, 85, 93, 101, 102, 126, 130, 152, 185, 186, 190, 196, 207, 234, 250, 260 Lichenostomus virescens Singing Honeyeater 16, 19, 72, 196 Lichenostomus leucotis White-eared Honeyeater О Oa E IE A ЕЛЕНЕ 85, 103, 110, 116, 126, 129, 140, 141, 151, 160, 168, 169, 185, 187, 190, 195, 212, 236, 250, 254, 260 Lichenostomus melanops Yellow-tufted Honeyeater 4445.26.50 AG, ТЕТО от ол. 51, 55, 58, 60, 64, 65, 67, 72, 74, 76, 78, 83, 85, 89, 91, 93, 95, 101, 102, 103, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 126, 129, 130, 132, 140, 141, 143, 152, 156, 160, 164, 167, 168, 169, 173, 174, 175, 180, 181, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199.7205. 287; 212. 217: 220; 228, 231, 232, 234. 243, 245,250, 251,262 Lichenostomus cratitius Purple-gaped Honeyeater 16, 19, 78, 110, 129, 154, 160, 205, 212, 232 Lichenostomus ornatus Yellow-plumed Honeyeater 2,59, 16, 19; 72: 119; 117. 129, 140, 141, 160, 186, 205, 212 Lichenostomus fuscus Fuscous Honeyeater а OR E 7982016 ЮА Е, 945-5722 LA 85, 86, 91, 93, 95, 101, 103, 109, 110, 111, 116, 117, 118, 126, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 137, 140, 143, 152, 160, 167, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 180, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 197, 207, 212, 228, 231, 234, 243, 250 Lichenostomus penicillatus White-plumed Honeyeater 2, 9, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 61, 67, 74, 78, 85, 86, 91, 93, 101, 102, 103, 109, 110, 112, 116, 118, 126, 129, 130, 132, 137, 140, 141, 154, 160, 168, 173, 174, 180, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 199, 207, 209, 210, 212, 220, 233, 243, 245, 250 Melithreptus gularis 'Black-chinned Honeyeater 5, 9, 16, 19, 67, 72, 74, 78, 85, 91, 109, 110, 111, 112, 116, 118, 126, 132, 140, 151, 154, 160, 168, 169, 174, 180, 182, 186, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 202, 204, 205, 207, 212, 243 Lewin's Honeyeater Melithreptus brevirostris Brown-headed Honeyeater 2; 976,182 10: 24:05 Gt, P6570 А ЧР ркы. 40, 85, 86, 101, 110, 116, //8, 126, 130, 132, 140, 154, 160, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 186, 190, 192, 194, 195, 201, 207, 212, 220, 233, 243, 250 Melithreptus lunatus White-naped Honeyeater 6, 9, 16, 19, 24, 67, 69, 74, 85, 89, 110, 116, 126, 130, 132, 140, 152, 154, 160, 170, 174, 186, 188, 190, 197, 207, 212, 220, 245, 250 Grantiella picta Painted Honeyeater 5, 19, 47, 48, 57, 62, 67, 74, 77, 126, 141, 168, 176, 186, 192, 198, 209, 238, 262, 266 Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera Crescent Honeyeater 126, 250 Phylidonyris novaehollandiae Honeyeater 9, 19, 67, 70, 74, 93, 101, 102, 126, 140, 170, 177, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 197, 207, 212, 230 Phylidonyris albifrons White-fronted Honeyeater 16, 19, 51, 126, 186, 205, 212 Phylidonyris melanops Tawny-crowned Honeyeater 2, 6; 7, 9, 16, 19; 78, 93; 103, 126, 729. 133, 140, 141, 151, 168, 169, 182, 185, 186, 197, 204. 205, 209, 212, 232, 250 Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Eastern Spinebill 9, 16, 19, 39, 67, 74, 78, 85, 89, 101, 116, 126, 128, 130, 140, 186, 187, 188, 196, 201, 212, 250 Certhionyx niger Black Honeyeater 9, 16, /9, 47, 83, 126, 209, 222, 246 Ephthianura tricolor Crimson Chat 9. 19, 126, 199, 201, 220, 231, 235 Ephthianura aurifrons Orange Chat New Holland Ephthianura albifrons | White-fronted Chat 0,39. 74: 16 NON 245 722 78, 86. 91, 103, 110, 116, 7/8, 126, 140, 160, 165, 174, 185, 186, 192, 194, 199, 210, 212, 220, 225, 233, 236, 243, 250, 257, 262 Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird 5, 9, 16, 18, 19, 23, 44, 47, 49, 67, 74, 80, 85, 116, 122, 126, 130, 140, 141, 143, 151, 152, 160, 168, 171, 174, 175, 176, 177, 185, 186, 187, 190, 192, 194, 207, 209, 212, 220, 250, 266 Pardalotus punctatus Spotted Pardalote 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 67, 69, 72, 74, 78, 85, 86, 93, 110, 112, 116, 118, 126, 128, 130, 140, 160, 168, 177, 180, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 207, 233, 250, 254, 262 Pardalotus xanthopygus Yellow-rumped Pardalote 2; 7, 9, 16, 19, 63; 72, 118, 126 128, 140, 141, 160, 205, 212 Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote 1, 4, 9, 16, 18, 19, 24, 66, 67, 69, 72, 74, 85, ОТ ОЗ ЗАТО ОТЕ, 130, 132, 137, 140, 141, 147, 160, 168, 169, 173, 174, 177, 180, 185, 186, 190, 192, 194, 195, 205, 207, 209, 212, 220, 236, 250, 262 Pardalotus spp. Pardalote 75, 80, 140, 256 BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO BIRDS NORTH OF CENTRAL VICTORIA 49 Zosterops lateralis | Silvereye 98 10: 19401224 $4008. 672592, 74, BS 103, 118, 126, 130, 140, 141, 160, 168, 169, 185, 186, 187, 190, 194, 195, 212, 220, 236, 250 Carduelis carduelis European Goldfinch 16, 18, 19, 67, 72, 74, 85, 86, 91, 116, 130, 132, 140, 160, 168, 170, 173, 174, 192, 194, 195, 207, 210, 212 Carduelis chloris European Greenfinch 16, 19, 72, 74, 85, 86, 116, 118, 126, 168, 170, 190, 192, 194, 207 Passer domesticus House Sparrow TI, 16, 19, 67, 72, 74, 85, 91, 109, 112, 116, 118, 126, 130, 132, 140, 160, 168, 170, 173, 174, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 207, 210, 212 Passer montanus Tree Sparrow 11 19 Passer spp. Sparrow 80, 216, 252, 256 Emblema temporalis Red-browed Firetail 92716, 2192245 25917721 7245 785; TES, 126, 130; 137; 140, 183, 188, 220, 250 Emblema bella Beautiful Firetail 9 Emblema guttata Diamond Firetail 16, 4%; 19; 58; 67, 72; 74, 75, 840; 64; 85, 93; 110, 116, 118, 126, 137, 140, 152, 160, 168, 173, 175, 185, 186, 187, 190, 192, 194, 195, 205, 207, 208, 210, 212, 220, 236, 250 Poephila guttata Zebra Finch 16, 19, 61, 69, 72, 85, 110, 116, 126, 132, 140, 212, 220, 234, 262 Emblema] Poephila spp. vd ATA Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling 195 бе КӨ, Oe 67. 905 74.085 86, 815 109112, 116, 118, 126, 130, 132, 140, 160, 168, 170, 173, 174, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 207, 256, 260 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna ІЛ: 19; 126 Oriolus sagittatus Olive-backed Oriole Оа ІЗ ӘП 28; 01-637 61072. 0145 03. 2005 106, 118, 126, 137, 141, 143, 151, 152, 164, 165, EZATT ITAR 919157192: 1937 202; Оз ДОТ, 198, 199, 201, 202, 204, 207, 208, 212, 263 Corcorax melanorhamphos White-winged Chough 2, 6, 9; 16, 19, 24, 39; 67, 72, 74, 78, 85, 86, 110, 112, 116, 718, 125, 126, 130, 137, 140, 141, 160, 768, 169, 170, 173, 174, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 197, 198, 205, 207, 211, 212, 220, 230, 233, 250, 263, 265 Grallina cyanoleuca Australian Magpie-lark TD 16. ІЖ, 19/5245 2402. 61,967, 72; 74; 778; 44, 85, 91, 93, 96, 103, 109, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 126, 130, 132, 136, 137, 140, 165, 168, 170, 173, 174, 175, 177, 185, 186, 187, 188, 199, 192, 194, 195, 207, 212, 220, 233, 236, 250 Artamus leucorhynchus White-breasted Woodswallow 3, 19, 28, 126, 174, 220, 233 118, 126, 186, 190, 130, 140, Firetail/ Finch Artamus personatus Masked Woodswallow Been 16: ЛАБ 24: 885 362 oan IST Тб; 1575 162, 164, 186, 192, 194, 198, 205, 212, 220, 223, 225, 236 Artamus superciliosus White-browed Woodswallow 2953-2478: 752 16: 19, 10: 351 зе зт 83» 15; 118, 126, 143, 151, 152, 157, 159, 162, 164, 172, 173, 175, 186, 192, /94, 198, 205, 212, 220, 223, 225 Artamus cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow 122: 3; 4:79: 16: 16, 19: 24-37: 675 69: 72, 74 78, 83, 91, 93, 96, 110, 118, 124, 126, 132, 137, 140, 160, 164, 168, 169, 173, 175, 182, 186, 192, 194, 195, 196, 198, 205, 207, 212, 220, 223, 233, 234, 236, 250, 262 Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird gra NOM TUG молая: DIST 126, 10995 ses. Laos 190, 192, 194, 195, 199, 207, 212, 220, 250, 251, 260 Gymnorhina tibicen Australian Magpie gr on TA GT Oye 24:929, 542 167 601779 74 Te eons oes ӨШ 103- 109, 110; 71127 414-116, |18; 124, 125, 126, 128, 130, 132, 137, 140, 152, 160, 165, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 177, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 196, 207, 212, 216, 220, 225, 233, 236, 250, 253, 262 Strepera graculina Pied Currawong VOID EIL TUS Төл ЛЕ Strepera versicolor Grey Currawong 16, 19, 24, 67, 72, 74, 78, 85, 86, 110, 114, 116, 126, 128, 130, 141, 143, 152, 160, 168, 174, 186, 190, 192, 194, 207, 212, 220, 234, 250, 262 Strepera spp. Currawong 93 Australian Raven 126, 159; Corvus coronoides Or 16; 18; 19-52, 193 186, 199, 212, 220 Little Crow 168, 173, 177, Corvus bennetti 19 Corvus spp. Raven/Crow 73 9; 15, 24: 67, 72, 74, 78, 80; 86, 91, 103; 109, 1110, “1105 7112: 116; ША 7255 E307 Аз) 159 ТА 140, 151, 160, 165, 169, 170, 174, 185, 187, 188, 190, 1922 1040 OS. 2015 225.2933. 226, 250, 262- 263 VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA By A. M. Git MonE*, W. В. EMIsoN* and J. В. WHEELERT *Fisheries and Wildlife Division, Ministry for Conservation, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084. 172 James Street, Belmont, Victoria 3216. Abstract The proportion of Crown Land remaining in the Ballarat area is small relative to most other areas surveyed by the Land Conservation Council of Victoria. The major habitats, grassland, woodland and swamp, which originally occurred across the basalt plains have been mainly cleared and drained for pasture and crop production, but some isolated tall open- forests and open-forests survive along the Great Dividing Range in the north of the survey area. Mainly because of alterations to habitat at least 4 species of mammals and 8 species of birds are now threatened with extinction or are extinct in the survey area. Details of abundance, geographic distribution, habitat, breeding (birds only) and infor- mation sources are given for 42 species of mammals, 249 species of birds and 26 species of reptiles. Less detailed information is also presented for 12 species of amphibians. Only one public reserve in the area has been established for wildlife (mainly aquatic birds). As yet, no terrestrial area has been set aside as either a national park or a wildlife reserve although a woodland in the southeast of the area has been proposed as a flora reserve under the management of the National Parks Service. Introduction The Ballarat area (Fig. 1) is located mainly within the basalt plains of western Victoria and has the Great Dividing Range as its northern boundary. Because the basalt plains were cleared for pasture and crops early dur- ing European settlement only small amounts of native forest and woodland now remain. Consequently, there have been few systematic surveys of the native fauna of many of these small blocks. However, good historical infor- mation is available for the birds because dur- ing the past 30 years one of the authors (J. R. Wheeler) has recorded his observations and those of other naturalists living in the survey area. Officers of the Fisheries and Wildlife Divi- sion, Ministry for Conservation, conducted field surveys of the vertebrate animals in the Ballarat area during 1976 and early 1977. The data collected are being used by the Land Conservation Council in its assessment of land-use in Victoria. The results presented here were derived mainly from our field surveys and the past observations of J. R. Wheeler, as well as all other previously documented records. Detailed information on each species of mammal, bird Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, No. 40, July 1979. and reptile recorded in the survey area is given in annotated lists at the end of this paper. Survey Area PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY The survey area includes a small part of the Great Divide where elevations range from 300 m to nearly 1000 m. To the east of Bal- larat is a plateau whose average height is more than 450 m. Most of the area is composed of weathered Pleistocene basalt with some “stony rises” and alluvial material. These flat or undulating plains slope gradually to below 150 m in the south. Scattered throughout are small volcanic cones, e.g. Mt Buninyong south- east of Ballarat and Mt Hollowback west of Creswick, that rise to 300 m above the sur- rounding plain. In the eastern part of the survey area there are Ordovician sedimentary rocks, which were the scene of intense gold mining more than 100 years ago. These areas (Enfield and Creswick Blocks) have now regained much of their vegetative cover, and together with Cam- brian mudstones in the north (Ararat and Ben Major-Trawalla Blocks) compose much of the land remaining in public ownership. All these areas are low hills covered with skeletal soils and rise to 450 m. зу) Ж: Sy Elmhurst Ben Major- ` Trawalla —: Block (D) Basalt Plains (H) PM Skiptong/^ — | © Carranballac go те ) e Wickliffe Uu Naor ~~ „5 — NA, Figure 1—Place names and major blocks of Crown Land The highest areas, Mt Langi Ghiran and the Mt Cole massif, are Ordovician granitic intrusions which reach nearly 1000 m at Mt Buangor; there is some quaternary aeolian sand in the south (Inverleigh Block). CLIMATE Rainfall and temperature gradients over the survey area rise and fall respectively with in- crease in elevation. Annual rainfall on the Mt Cole massif is greater than 1000 mm, but m n. x Ben “% ous H Ма а Ben Major Б 2 Buangor 2 D 2 : t 4 m { i n 55 1742, (А n 2: / r4 ^ : Raga io A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER pra TERM есе) 87- 1 | yit A Beckworth d ~@ACampbelitown \ Creswi К+ уз ¿Beaufort Learmonthe en ;9Trawalla Creswick Block (C)* nian (B) Enfield ur [Em n | e NDA Clear ( L iMt " Buninyong e eDereel e Rokewood — PN — Cressy —, Inverleigh Block d NE er m in the Ballarat area. decreases to 625 mm іп the south. Monthly variations in temperature and rainfall are shown in Table 1. Winter and spring are the seasons of maximum rainfall. Frosts occur during winter and snow falls occasionally on the highest ground. VERTEBRATE HABITATS Four plant formations serve the general purpose of denoting habitat and are used in discussing the distribution of the vertebrate VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 53 Р TABLE 1 Climatic data from two representative stations (Bureau of Meteorology 1975) Ballarat (Wendouree) J Е M А M Rainfall (mm) 38 50 47 56 69 Max. Temp. (°С) 25.5 24.6 21.9 18.0 13.3 Min. Terap. (°С) 11.4 11-8 102 %0 865% Lismore (Post Office) J Е M A M Rainfall (mm) 35 41 38 53 a5 Max. Temp. (°С) 26.9 26.1 23.7 19.9 15.5 Min. Temp. (°С) 11.6 12.3 10.9 8.9 7-0 animals in the Ballarat area. Three of these formations (tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland) occur mainly on Crown Land and the fourth formation (grassland) occurs on private land. For each plant formation, the dominant plant species, the characteristic features and the blocks in which each occurs are shown in Table 2. The terminology for the plant formations follows that of Specht (1970) and Specht et al. (1974). The aquatic habitat includes streams, swamps, lakes, farm ponds and associated vegetation which occurs in, or borders on, the open water areas. The swamps and lakes, which are found mainly in the basalt plains, provide a valuable wildlife environment and for 25 of these (Fig. 2) we have a large amount of data on the animals utilizing them. Methods Information was collected on all vertebrate animals except fishes. The field work was conducted by the Wildlife Survey Team of the Fisheries and Wildlife Division between Feb- ruary 1976 and January 1977 (a total of 50 days was spent in the field by between 1-4 people). Records were kept of the vegetation formation at each site where observations were made and form the basis for comments on habitats. Data, particularly on birds, were collected on a long-term basis by J. R. Wheeler who has records for the last 30 years and who has, for many years, written a nature column for the newspaper, Ballarat Courier. Additional information on the vertebrate Elevation 459.6 m J J A 5 [0] М р Ann. 64 69 71 73 68 56 52 719 11.3 99 11.4 13.6 16-6 19.3 22.1 17.3 4.3 3.2 3.8 4.8 6-7 7.9 9.8 7.3 Elevation 159.7 m I J A S о N Ann. 510 58 68 59 60 56 46 620 8-45 9270 ЭТА 1555 15-2 0216092378 19.1 5:2 44: 580 50 2 8-2 40-3 8.1 fauna came from the collections of the National Museum of Victoria, field records of the Mammal Survey Group of the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria, specimens and files held by the Fisheries and Wildlife Division, interviews with local naturalists, records of the Australian Bird-banding Scheme, published literature and nest records of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU). Information sources are listed alphabetically and each is preceded by an identifying letter and number in the section on Sources of Information. In the annotated lists, information sources for some species are listed only by these letters and numbers (those in bold face denote sources containing breeding information). Mammals were trapped in wire cage traps (36 x 20 x 16 cm) baited with a mixture of peanut butter, honey and rolled oats. The traps, to a maximum of 100, were set at each locality for two nights and the intervening day. They were checked on the first morning, and captured animals were either retained or marked and released. АП traps were reset and checked again on the second morning, after which they were removed from the site and set in another locality later in the day. Obser- vations of mammals during daylight hours and by spotlight at night were routinely re- corded as were characteristic scats, burrows and diggings. Scientific nomenclature for the native mammals follows Ride (1970). Field work on the birds consisted of visit- ing the different habitats in each block of Crown Land (including aquatic areas) and 54 A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER TABLE 2 Terrestrial habitats in the Ballarat area Formation/ Occurrence in dominant species Characteristic features blocks Tall open-forest Eucalyptus obliqua Trees >30 m high; mesomorphic shrub E. st johnii understory to 3 m with tree ferns in Mt Cole E. viminalis gullies Creswick Open-forest Eucalyptus obliqua Trees 10-30 m; xeromorphic shrubs to Creswick E. dives ] m Ben Major-Trawalla Enfield E. aromaphloia Sparse shrubs to 1 m; patchy Pteridium Creswick E. obliqua esculentum Enfield E. viminalis Dense shrubs and Pteridium with sedges Creswick E. ovata and Leptospermum spp. in gullies Mt Cole Langi Ghiran . rubida Tussock grass mid-dense to 1 m Enfield . pauciflora Ben Major-Trawalla . goniocalyx Many multistemmed trees from coppice Ararat . macrorhyncha shoots; sparse shrubs and tussock grass Langi Ghiran . polyanthemos to 0.5 m Mt Cole Enfield . macrorhyncha . Sideroxylon pycnantha to 2 т . aromaphloia . melliodora Woodland Eucalyptus viminalis E. camaldulensis E. melliodora E. camaldulensis E. leucoxylon E. melliodora т E гүү Dt to 0.5 m armata to 2 m Dense grass Acacia Zein Grassland/ Herbfield Themeda australis* Sparse shrubs to 1 m and sparse grass to 0-5 m; patches of Dense grass to 0-5 m Sparse shrubs to 1 m; sparse Acacia Enfield (Mt Erip) Ararat Langi Ghiran Dense grass to 0.5 m; patches of Acacia Inverleigh Langi Ghiran Enfield (small) Sparse grass and xeromorphic shrubs to 0.5 m patches of Acacia pycnantha to Ararat Basalt Plains * Mainly converted to introduced pasture grasses and crops. recording actual or relative numbers of all avian species present and their utilization of particular structures within the habitats. In- cidental observations were also made outside the Crown Land areas (e.g. on the basalt plains and in towns) and spotlighting at night was used for observing nocturnal species such as owls and frogmouths. The terms used to describe abundance (rare, uncommon and common) are estimates of the population of each species in the survey area relative to population estimates that we have made for other areas of Victoria. Scientific names follow Condon (1975) for the non-passerines and Schodde (1975) for the passerines. Common names follow the RAOU (1978). Collection of field data on reptiles consisted of observations and collection of specimens. Scientific names and, where available, com- mon names follow Cogger (1975) except for the use of the genus Lampropholis (Greer 1974), the addition of Leiolopisma coventryi VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 55 143° e 1442 ce Oe orto tt E rM yr Se Elmhurst AX. | A Campbelltown “ { » | хе (сағаға: | clunes . J | 97 88 2 Daylesford / oRaglan теле \ E / 13 *18 | 012 17 19 > Beaufort 11 14° “7 VN ж 8 X 97°30! - 15 — 23,5521 o P Millaura 9 g ы. 2 ие 4, 6 BALLARAT | Bs UM Pa 24 ( Lake 3 Skipton / 524025. йс очо pea f 025 2 жесе 1 Lake Bolac 15 Lake Burrumbeet | 2 Streatham Swamp 16 Lake Learmonth \ 3 Carranballac Swamps 17 Creswick Lakes L ORokewood 4 4 Lake Wongan 18 Hepburn Lagoon L rro 5 Skipton Swamps 19 Newlyn Reservoir ae | г 6 Stoneleigh Swamps 20 Moorabool Reservoir В — 7 Mt. Emu 21 White Swan Reservoir & a! J 8 Mena Park Swamp 22 Lake Wendouree ees | 9 Lake Goldsmith 23 Flaxmill Swamp l (gvertergh 10 Buln Gherin 24 Lal Lal Falls pa po see 11 Trawalla Swamps 25 Piggoreet (Creek) 12 Beaufort Lake 13 Raglan Swamps 14 Cockpits Lagoon Figure 2—Major wetlands in the Ballarat area. following Rawlinson (1975) and the use of Results Anotis maccoyi for Hemiergis maccoyi (Raw- linson pers. comm.). For those species not named in Cogger we have used local common names. Amphibians were recorded and collected opportunistically and the field data for them are much less complete than for the other vertebrates. The list of amphibians was ob- tained from the distribution maps of Brook (1975). The scientific nomenclature of amphi- bians used here follows Cogger (1975). More than 325 species of vertebrates (ex- cluding fishes) were found or occurred recently in the Ballarat area. This total represents 42 species of mammals, 249 species of birds, 26 species of reptiles and 12 species of amphi- bians. Details of abundance, geographic dis- tribution, habitat, breeding (birds only) and information sources are given for each verte- brate species (except 12 species of amphibians) in Appendices 1-3. The distribution of all 56 А. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER vertebrate species, except aquatic birds, among seven blocks (Fig. 1) composed of either single parcels of public land or several parcels grouped on the basis of proximity and the basalt plains surrounding them is set out in Table 3. Distribution data for the amphibians (Table 3) do not include the information of Brook (1975) which was presented on a 10- minute grid basis rather than on a Crown Land basis. The distribution of the aquatic birds in relation to 25 wetlands in the survey area (Fig. 2) is shown in Table 4. TABLE 3 Distribution of vertebrate animals (excluding aquatic birds) in the Ballarat area Species Distribution of species in defined areas (see Fig. 1) A B С MAMMALS Echidna X X X Platypus Тірег Cat X Quoll Survival in area doubtful. Tuan Yellow-footed Antechinus Brown Antechinus X X Swainson's Antechinus Mouse Dunnart X Fat-tatled Dunnart Gunn's Bandicoot Wombat Koala Brush-tailed Possum X Ring-tailed Possum Sugar Glider Yellow-bellied Glider Greater Glider Feather-tailed Glider Eastern Pigmy Possum Eastern Grey Kangaroo X Red-necked Wallaby Black Wallaby Red Fruit Bat Tasmanian Pipistrelle Little Bat X Gould's Wattled Bat Bent-winged Bat Lesser Long-eared Bat White-striped Bat Hare Rabbit X Bush Rat Black Rat X Swamp Rat House Mouse X Eastern Water Rat Grey Squirrel Fox Cat X Sambar Deer Red Deer X Survival in area doubtful. ххх хххх хххх XXX ххххх» хх ж ж хх XX KKK KXK KXK X Accidental. TABLE 3 (Continued) B X X X Distribution of species in defined areas (see Fig. 1) С D X X X X X X Recorded at Glenpark. E Е X X X ххх ххх хх ж хх XX XX X Accidental. Recorded from Enfield forest. X X X PX X X Accidental. Recorded at Invermay. X X X X X X X Accidental. Recorded at Ercildoune and Trawalla. X X: X X X X X X X X X X X X X X AS X X X X Restricted to towns in the survey area. X X X xx X X X X X X X X X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X x X X x X X X X X X X X X X X Accidental. Recorded at Waubra Junction. X X X X X X X X X X x X X X XX G x х хххх ж Н XX ххх хх X хххх ххххххххх KX ххххххх x NX X XXX хх XX VERTEBRATE Species Yellow Thornbill Striated Thornbill Southern Whiteface Varied Sittella White-throated Treecreeper Red-browed Treecreeper Brown Treecreeper Red Wattlebird Little Wattlebird Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater Regent Honeyeater Noisy Miner Yellow-faced Honeyeater Singing Honeyeater White-eared Honeyeater Yellow-tufted Honeyeater Yellow-plumed Honeyeater Fuscous Honeyeater White-plumed Honeyeater Black-chinned Honeyeater Brown-headed Honeyeater White-naped Honeyeater Painted Honeyeater Crescent Honeyeater New Holland Honeyeater Tawny-crowned Honeyeater Eastern Spinebill White-fronted Chat Mistletoebird Spotted Pardalote Striated Pardalote Silvereye European Goldfinch European Greenfinch House Sparrow Tree Sparrow Red-browed Firetail Diamond Firetail Common Starling Common Myna Olive-backed Oriole Satin Bowerbird White-winged Chough Apostlebird Australian Magpie-lark White-browed Wood- swallow Dusky Woodswallow Grey Butcherbird Australian Magpie Pied Currawong Grey Currawong Australian Raven Little Raven REPTILES Long-necked Tortoise Marbled Gecko Thick-tailed Gecko Spinifex Lizard хх ххххх > х X X X X ххх “ххх х ж ж ххх ххххххххж TABLE 3 (Continued) Accidental. Recorded at Lake Goldsmith and Smythesdale. X “хх ххх х хххх ххх ж XX KKK KK ж XX FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA B C D E Е X X X X X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Accidental. Recorded at Lake Wendouree in Ballarat. X Also recorded in Ballarat. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Accidental. Recorded at Beaufort. X X X X X Also recorded in Ballarat. X x x X X X X X X X X X X x X x x x X X Rare. Recorded in towns of Ballarat and Skipton. X x x X X X X: x x X X X x X X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X х x x X X X Rare. Recorded in Ballarat. X X X X X x DC X X X Rare. Recorded in Ballarat. x X X Accidental. Recorded at Creswick. X X X ха ж ж хх Distribution of species in defined areas (see Fig. 1) Хх ххх XX ж е хх ж X XX XX 59 boa оа аа М. ЭТ 2 9590 Ts х х ххххххж хх х ж XXX NX A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER Jacky Lizard X Large Striped Skink Cunningham's Skink Black Rock Skink White's Skink Three-toed Skink Garden Skink Coventry’s Skink Grass Skink Three-lined Skink Bougainville’s Skink Spencer’s Skink Southern Water Skink Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard Shingle-back Copperhead White-lipped Snake Eastern Tiger Snake Red-bellied Black Snake Eastern Brown Snake Little Whip Snake X AMPHIBIANS Crinia parinsignifera No Crinia signifera Geocrinia victoviana Limnodynastes dumerilii Limnodynastes peroni No Limodynastes tasmaniensis X Neobatrachus pictus No Pseudophryne bibronii Litoria ewingii X Litoria lesueurii Litoria raniformis Litoria verreauxii No TABLE 3 (Continued) Distribution of species in defined areas (see Fig. 1) B С р X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ММУ specimens ог FWD records X х X X X X X X X ММУ specimens or FWD records X X NMV specimens or FWD records X X X X X X X X ММУ specimens ог FWD records X — present in defined area. Е Е X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X (see Brook 1975). X X X X X (see Brook 1975). X (see Brook 1975). X X X X (see Brook 1975). G хх ЖА Ж.Ж ж хххх X ж XX x хх ж 61 хо хх к (Өр Тор жж XOKOKKKOKOOM xx xo Sd PSU го Mx NX хх ж ж xx хх ж “хх “хх me PS 04 >< » XX Kx «хх ж “х= x < о мх ххх VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA жж Q OD pd DK DK DM DK OX DX dt DK DK DK DX Dd ххх ы хх с Охх о ко X ж Tey sume [ey pepueq-gng Пепе) ило Joey Чер упа AAA yond рә:а-әп9 yonq pouryy реэцріен yond рәгеә-уша Io][BAOQS ueise[e1ijsny eor 11115947 [еә]. Asin рее yond Jerg 201224 iM onp[eus uei[ensny 9soor) пәлтең odeg yond Pepper] 4,UEAS Sela Xonqr3umismjA peumn[q AINS UI [BATAING әѕоог) әйЗ®рү IIrquoods рәца-моцәд х IIrquoods [еќоҹ SIQ] pexoou-Aveug ат рә19%65 5191 455010) X иләп ueise[e1jsny upg PNT 24 D UOISH 1USIN| snojny 79189 9jerpoeurisju 39189 19910) 39184 әре) &4UOISH рәзерәнцлд uoloeH yd JURIOWIOD рәа әрі jue1oullo) җәе әт JURIOWUIOD рәд JURIOULIOD WAN әта ugad иеецѕпу 9qa1r) uerse[e1sny 9ega1c) рәреәц-ќіеонң әдәлгу рә}зәлгу 18910) х хх ж ж xx О XX ж XX ххх XX х хо ж x pa OF EC p PS ped e pd obe es © ХО ORKOKK KKK XOX ОЗА LOT es О xx O x хх XXX м XX NXXKXKO OKO KKM KM X хххжОо oo PX XXX хххжОо О MxXxXO О x ххх xx XO DE эх XOX XX о ж Чапапор ғәр A О X x ж ж ж ж ххх XX о А х ххх X “ООХ Хх XXX хх» ххх ххх ж ххх хх» ххх xXx XXX XXX X X X x ххх ххххОохххж X X X X x K OK DK DK DK ус OK OK OK D ххх хххххы XM оо оох х хиих X хх ххх axxo II © vi оо ~ © 5 о XXX Ххх + en сз YI €I ч м - (z "914 әә5) ѕриерәм ogioeds uo ѕәгоэйѕ jo uonnqunisiq $ә12ә4$ vale 1РІРПРЯ oy} ur spirq onenbe jo uonnqunsiq ӯ TIJYL A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER 62 Sc XX жж XXX ж жж ж XX XX qx xx ж OO ж сохххооо XX Ic X 0c < хх 61 X хж “рәрло>әт әләцм ѕриерәм jsour UI pojsou seq $әтдәа = > QU OX X AC XC x X X X X X x x © X X X XC MM = Ж EV ох, 10 x енеке Ха ЭХ "WEE X БО X X X X X X X X X XX X X XC 774 X X ES PM X X Ха. “Х X © Жұ EX `Чишррогу exeT :voie JooquNIINg-[ey [ey BULT SORT[equelIeD O (rx P dE (ud о Жоха с X О X LO О AS PX X X X: KEX X X О -О: 9 х > XX Хх x м >. SI xo ТХУ CONST Ж хх eX X X O © О 0 0. 0) О о О LCS PG 25 MASON ӘС MOE DG be 56 52-5 X x X 52 52 MX 50 arre 56 = ж X NX X X X с хех Ба 20 СУ X X X X X >< Хх x X SCORE X X X X 19) X X SUL SSP avi Ib v dur ШІ 6 8 ib 9 S v % 8I X ж с жом (c 7814 99s) ѕриерәм ogroods uo sereds jo uonynqıysıq ж ‘риерәм uo ZunseN = 0 ‘риерәм uo juosolq = X ххх ОО x xKKKO ххх ж сі оо X ххх ејо2цѕто) рәрвәц-пәрүогсу р195581с) opnrg Jo[qreM-p99w snoloure[) Jeusydurwq ounzy илә, ueidse;?) илә], pe[q-Tn £0 UI9], p2.193[STU AA ШО IAS Jedidpueg мәрп> jung pexoeu-pew Jedidpues po[re1-dueug ediug s, Weye учец$иәәлгсу Jedidpueg пошшог) Iedidpueg роом дәоолу poysou-poy YAS pepueq HNS pesura-xoerg J9AO|d ps9juo4j-3ov|u. IJeAO[d poddes-poy IeAO[d popueq-o[qno(q T91930qp peeux-pow Јәло4 чәрүогу 1955971 ӛшмйет popueg «Әшмағвт рәхзерт ediug pojureq 80:9 2002) uviseing uegdureAS o[dunq uauJooJA Aysnq чәц-әлііем po[re1-xoerg exer) ssopods 9xe1) uvi[ensny exer) влошея ѕәтәәа$ (penunuoo) p q'IH V.L VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 63 Discussion The percentage of land in public ownership in the survey areas under consideration by the Land Conservation Council (LCC) varies from nearly 90 per cent in some of the areas in the eastern portion of the State to less than IO per cent in some of the areas in the western portion. The percentage of Crown Land in the Ballarat survey area is amongst the lowest of all the LCC survey areas and those public lands which remain are fragmented into numerous small parcels (Fig. 1). Conse- quently some species of wildlife have either disappeared from the area or their populations have declined to such an extent that specific efforts may be required to ensure their survival in the survey area. Most of the native grasslands which occurred across the basalt plains before European settlement has now been cleared for farming. Native animals which have disappeared from the Ballarat area as a result of these changes include the Quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus), Gunn's Bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) and Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Other species, the Plains-wanderer (Pedionomus torquatus), Australian Bustard (Ardeotis australis) and Elegant Parrot (Neophema elegans), are still found occasionally in culti- vated grasslands of the survey area, but their numbers have declined. However, many species of native wildlife still exist in large numbers in the survey area only in the grass and crop lands of the basalt plains. These include the Fat-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata), Spinifex Lizard (Delma impar), Cunningham’s Skink (Egernia cunninghami), Black-shouldered Kite (Elanus notatus), Whistling Kite (Haliastur sphenurus), Little Eagle (Hieraaetus morphnoides), Brown Falcon (Falco berigora), Australian Kestrel (F. cenchroides), several species of quail (Coturnix spp. and Turnix spp.), Galah (Cacatua roseicapilla), Richard’s Pipit (An- thus novaeseelandiae), Brown — Songlark (Cinclorhamphus cruralis), Yellow-rumped Thornbill (Acanthiza chrysorrhoa) and South- ern Whiteface (Aphelocephala leucopsis). Drainage of many of the swamps has re- duced the numbers of Brolgas (Grus rubi- cundus) in the Ballarat area and the Magpie Goose (Anseranas semipalmata) has also dis- appeared from the area. However, a large number of native animals still occur in the aquatic habitats of the survey area (Fig. 2). These include 76 species of birds (Table 4), 12 species of amphibians (Table 3), the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), Eastern Water Rat (Hydromys chrysogaster) and Long-necked Tortoise (Chelodina longicollis). Nine of the aquatic bird species are inter- continental migrants which spend parts of their non-breeding seasons in the aquatic environments of the Ballarat area. Some species of animals still extant in the blocks of Crown Land in the survey area are in low numbers and further fragmentation and reductions in sizes of blocks will result in local extinction of some of these species. In particular, the Tiger Cat (Dasyurus macu- latus), possibly the Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis), Bush Thick-knee (Bur- hinus magnirostris) and Rainbow Lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus) have only small isolated populations in the survey area. Although generally small and fragmented, the Crown Land areas are still inhabited by a large number of wildlife species. Many of these species are widespread throughout the Crown Land, but some species exist as small groups only in some of the seven blocks (Fig. 1) to which we have arbitrarily allocated frag- ments of Crown Land. The reasons why these groups of species are confined to specific blocks in the survey area are many and varied, but are mainly related to the types of habitats present. For example, the Enfield Block has the only records of the Tiger Cat, Mouse Dunnart (Sminthopsis murina), Blotched Blue- tongued Lizard (Tiliqua nigrolutea), Spotted Nightjar (Caprimulgus guttatus) and ассі- dental occurrences of Red Fruit Bat (Pteropus scapulatus) and Bent-winged Bat (Miniopteris schreibersii). Тһе Creswick Block contains several tall open-forest inhabitants which have not been confirmed as occurring elsewhere in the survey area; these include the Wombat (Vombatus ursinus), Greater Glider (Schoino- bates volans), Bush Rat (Rattus fuscipes), Olive Whistler (Pachycephala olivacea), Red- 64 А. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and 7, R. WHEELER browed Treecreeper (Climacteris erythrops ) and the unusual occurrences of White-throated Nightjar (Caprimulgus mystacalis) and Satin Bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus). The Ararat Block is inhabited by three avian species, White-browed Babbler (Pomato- stomus superciliosus), Black-chinned Honey- eater (Melithreptus gularis) and Peaceful Dove (Geopelia placida), which are seldom recorded further south in the survey area. The wide range of habitats in the Mt Cole Block is reflected by a high species diversity of all classes of vertebrates; it is also the only block having Swainson's Antechinus (Ante- chinus swainsonii), Yellow-bellied Glider, Red-necked Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), Black Rock Skink (Egernia saxatilis} and Spencer’s Skink (Pseudemoia spenceri). The tall open-forest at Mt Cole also contains an unusually high density of Swamp Rats (Rattus lutreolus); this may be related to a lack of interspecific competition because Bush Rats, the usual inhabitants of tall open-forest, are absent from Mt Cole. The western portion of the Langi Ghiran Block and all the Inverleigh Block are covered by woodland having an understorey of native grasses. This habitat was once more extensive in the Ballarat area and is becoming quite rare throughout all of western Victoria. These woodlands in the survey area now have few mammals, reptiles or amphibians but they do contain a large number of species of birds, and may be important in the future for attempt- ing reintroductions of mammals such as the Quoll and Gunn’s Bandicoot. The Ballarat area now has only one public reserve (Lake Goldsmith State Game Reserve) set aside specifically for wildlife conservation. The Inverleigh Block has been recommended as a flora reserve to be managed by the National Parks Service (Land Conservation Council 1977) and this may enable the exist- ing wildlife community to remain intact if recreation pressures are not too great. It should be noted that the third most populous urban area in Victoria (Ballarat) is located in the survey area and that there are few large public reserves catering specifically for recreation. Therefore areas very valuable for wildlife may come under pressure from recreation because от the absence of large natural areas set aside for the latter. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the following staff of the Fisheries and Wildlife Division who helped collect field data: William Bren, Keith Cherry, Steven Craig, Denise Deerson, Keith. Dempster, David Hespe, Jane Marcius, Ian Norman, James Porter and John Seebeck. Sid Cowling provided administrative support; Keith Dempster and Darwin Evans made valuable comments on drafts of this paper; Alicia McShane drew the maps; Julie Mehegan and Lyn Sharpe typed the manuscript; and James Cooper took all photographs. Staff and students of Creswick Forestry School and staff at the Forests Commission district offices at Ballarat, Beaufort and Dayles- ford provided information on vegetation and tracks as well as observations on fauna. Joan Dixon, Allan McEvey and John Coventry made valuable comments on the manuscript and allowed information to be obtained from the mammal, bird and reptile collections of the National Museum of Victoria. The following people provided information on the vertebrate fauna of the survey area: Ted and Stella Bedggood, Peter Billing, Roger Bilney, John Clements, Arnis Heislers, Laurie and Betty Millar, Harold Parnaby, Ivan Tiley, David Thomas, Roger Thomas and Clayton White. The many people who have sent specimens to the National Museum or Fisheries and Wild- life Division and members of the Australian Bird-banding Scheme and RAOU Nest Record Scheme have contributed considerably to the distribution and breeding records in the present account. Sources of Information Al, ANONYMOUS, 1961. Field notes. Creswick excur- sion. Bird Observer 359 (Oct.): 4. A2, -————, 1974, Club functions. Ester 1974. Bird Observer 511 (June): 2-3. ——, 1975. This and that. Linton, | Noven- ber. Bird Observer 529 (Dec.): 94, ARNOLD, N., 1974, Club functions. Linton 9th and 10th February. Bird Observer 509 (April): 4-6. comp A3. A4. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA AS. ATKINS, Қ. W., 1954. Excursion to Creswick. Victorian Nat. 71: 55-56. Аб. AusrIN, C. N., 1953. The Black Falcon and some other raptores in south-west Victoria. Emu 53: 77-80. А7. AUSTRALIAN BIRD-BANDING SCHEME. Records held by CSIRO, Division of Wildlife Research. ВІ. В. C. [= Barretr, С. 21, 1926. Introduction of British birds. Victorian Nat. 43: 190-191. B2. Верссоор, S. naturalist of Ballarat, personal communication. B3. BENTLEY, A., 1978. An introduction to the Deer of Australia with special reference to Victoria. 2nd edition. The Koetong Trust, Forests Com- mission, Melbourne. B4. BILLING, P., Forests Commission, Victoria ( Beau- fort), personal communication. B5. Birney, R. J., Fisheries and Wildlife Officer at Bairnsdale, personal communication. Вб. BIRD OBSERVERS CLUB (VARIOUS AUTHORS). 1950- 1970. Reports titled either *Notes on Swifts' or ‘Swift Survey’ published annually in the Bird Observer. B7. BLACKIE, Н. J, 1942. A nesting oddity. Vic- torian Nat. 58: 148. B8. Вкоок, A. J., 1975. The distribution of anuran amphibians in Victoria. Victorian Nat. 92: 104- 120.. B9. BUREAU or METEOROLOGY. 1975. Climatic aver- ages, Australia. Metric edition. Australian Gov- ernment Publishing Service. Canberra. СІ. СгАвкЕ, G., 1963. Powerful Owl in western Vic- toria. Aust, Bird W. 2: 26. C2. CLEMENTS, J., Fisheries and Wildlife Officer at Ballarat, personal communication. C3. Сосскв, Н. G., 1975. Reptiles апа Amphibians of Australia. А. Н. and A. W. Reed, Sydney. C4. CorrisrTER, M., 1975, Club activities. Junior camp at Linton. Bird Observer 519 (Feb.): 14. C5. Сомром, H. T., 1975. Checklist of the birds of Australia, 1. Non- -passerines, RAOU, Melbourne. Сб. CosrERMANs, E. 1972. F.N.C.V. excursion to Mt. Napier and Mt. Eccles (Easter 1971). Vic- torian Nat. 89: 77-83. C7. Соууіку, В. D.. 1959. Creswick excursion. Bird Observer 331 (June). C8. —————., 1960a. Birds of the Creswick District. [Unpublished report held by the Victorian School of Forestry at Creswick.] C9, ————.,, 1960b. Nesting of the Flame Robin at Creswick, Victoria. Aust. Bird W. 1: 114-116. C10. —————. 1971. Birds and forest management. Aust. For. 35: 234-250. C11. Creswick SCHOOL or FORESTRY, specimens held for demonstration purposes. Di. Dawson, D. апа J. R. WHEELER, 1957. V16e. Ballarat, Lake Wendouree, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 69. Supplement to Bird Observer. | D2. D'OMsBRAIN, E. A., 1926, The vanishing Plain- wanderer. Ети 26: 59-63. Fl. FEATHER, L., 1977-1978. Melbourne Cup week- end at Linton. Bird Observer 553-554 (Dec. Jan.): 106. F2. Бівнев, T., 1914, About birds. Victorian Nat. 31: 96. F3. F4. BS. F6. F7. F8. Gl. G2. G3. КІ. Ll. E2: L3. MI. M2. M3. . GREENWOOD, A. J., . GREER, A, E., . HEISLERS, A. SHE Сы F; 65 FISHERIES AND WirprirE. Division (FWD), MINISTRY FOR CONSERVATION (VICTORIA). In- cludes information from the survey conducted between February 1976 and January 1977, spe- cimens lodged at the Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research and information con- tained in Division files. FrEAY, D., 1932. The Lesser Flying Phalanger (Sugar Squirrel’). Victorian Nat. 49: 97-101. . 1934. The Brush-tailed Phascogale first record of breeding habits, Victorian Nat. 51: 89-100. 1949, The Yellow-footed Marsupial Mouse. Victorian Nat. 65: 273-277. . 1972. Nightwatchmen of Bush and Plain. Taplinger, New York. Forests COMMISSION, VICTORIA, undated. Mt Cole State Forest. [Pamphlet containing a sec- Поп on the wildlife of the Mount Cole State Forest.] GEELONG FIEID NATURALISTS CLUB and WEST- ERN VICTORIAN FIELD NATURALISTS) CLUB'S ASSOCIATION, 1972, Proposed preservation of Mount Cole Range (Reserve Forest). [Mimeo- graphed submission to the Minister for Forests.] Grant, М., 1978. Red-backed Kingfisher near Ballarat. Bird Observer 556 (March): 122, GREENFIELD, W., J. GREENFIELD, R. CANTOR, E. Marriott and D, SHANKs, 1957. Beaufort, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 60. Supplement to Bird Observer. 1910. Cuckoo feeding young. ЖАУ ТӨ? 1974. The generic relationships of the scincid lizard genus Lefolopisma and its relatives. Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. No. 31: 1-67. Research Co-ordinator, National (Melbourne), personal Victorian Nat. Parks Service, Victoria communication. 1907. Birds of Ararat District. I, Ети 6: 176-179. JOHNSON, A. E. 1955а. VI6b. World bird day, district bird Supplement to Bird Observer. ------- 1955b. Vl6c. Ballarat, Vic. Іп World bird day, district bird lists. 1954: 24-25. Supple- ment to Bird Observer. Kino, D. F., 1976. A record of fauna observed at Inverleigh Common, July 1975. Geelong Nat. 12: 85-90. LAND CONSERVATION COUNCIL, commendation, Melbourne ment Printer, Melbourne. LanG, C. L., 1932. White-browed Babbler. 32: 70. LLEWELLYN, L. C., 1975. Recent observations on the Plains-wanderer, with a review of its past and present status. Emu 75: 137-142. MAMMAL SuRveEY GROUP F.N.C.V., 1974. Un- published report on mammal trapping and spot- lighting in the Mt Langi Ghiran Block during 15-17 June 1974. MILLAR, L., naturalist at Beaufort, personal com- munication. MILLAR, L. and I. Titty, 1971. Birds of the colony. [Unpublished list of birds on a privately owned area of forest near Beaufort.] Part Ballarat, Vic. /n lists, 1954: 24. 1977. Final re- Study Area. Govern- Ети 66 M4. NI. N2. S3. S4. 55. 56. S7. S8. . PARNABY, H., . Ross, J, . ROYAL AUSTRALASIAN . RUSSELL, A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER S , 1972-1973. Birds at ‘Lake Wongan'. [Unpublished list of birds on Lake Wongan from July 1972 to June 1973.] NATIONAL MUSEUM Or VicToRIA (ММУ), Re- cords of specimens of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians lodged in the museum are included in the annotated lists. Specimen records for birds are incomplete. Norris, К. C, W. B. Емгѕом and W., B. [= M.] Bren, 1977. A preliminary survey of the population of Peregrine Falcons in Victoria. Emu 77: 86-87. naturalist, formerly of Daylesford, personal communication. . PAYNE, Н. W., 1931. The birds of Creswick, Vic, Emu 30: 228-232. . Реѕсотт, T., 1977. Plain Wanderer at Inverleigh. Geelong Nat. 13: 99. ‚ RAWLINSON, Р. A., 1975. Two new lizard species from the genus Leiolopisma (Scincidae: Lygo- sominae) in southeastern Australia and Tas- mania. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict. 36: 1-16. , La Trobe University, personal com- munication. . Ripe, W. D. L., 1970. A guide to the native mammals of Australia, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, . Ковімбом, L., 1955. Тһе Grass-parrots (Neo- phema). Part one. Bird Observer 287 (Oct.). А., 1930. A record of the Purple- crowned Pigeon for Victoria. Emu 30: 66. ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION (RAOU) Council, 1913. Quails in Victoria. Emu 12: 202-203. . ROYAL AUSTRALASIAN ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION (RAOU), nest record cards, . ROYAL AUSTRALASIAN ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION (RAOU), 1978. Recommended English names for Australian birds, Emu 77 Supplement: 245- 313. P. 1957. V75b. Beaufort, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 73-74. Supplement to Bird Observer. ScHODDE, R., 1975. Interim list of Australian songbirds. Passerines. RAOU, Melbourne. SIMPSON, К. С. and С. T. 8мітн, 1964. Bat man- dible from Mt. Widderin Cave, Skipton, Victoria. Victorian Nat. 81: 78-79, SMrrH, R. (Mr and Mrs) and Mr апа Mrs 1. В. WHEELER, 1957. V108. Learmonth and Lexton, Vic. Іп World bird day, district bird lists, 1955- 1956: 66. Supplement to Bird Observer. SoNsEE, A. and J. R. WHEELER, 1953. V34. Kooroocheang, via Creswick, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1952: 11. Supplement to Bird Observer. SPECHT, К. L., 1970. Vegetation. In The Austra- lian environment. CSIRO, Melbourne. 5РЕСНТ, R. L., E. M. Ros and У. Н. BOUGHTON, 1974. Conservation of major plant communities in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Aust. J. Bot. Supplement no. 7. Stewart, Н. C. E., 1950, Inverleigh irip. Bird Observer (April). STRANGE, В., 1966. Honey-eaters at Ballarat. Victorian Nat. 83: 202. TR T2. Tarr, Н. E., 1950. The distribution of foreign birds in Australia, Emu 49: 189-198. Тномав, R., 1970. Trip to Linton, Vic. Bird Observer 459 (Feb.): 5-6. T3. ————_, 1972. Trip to Linton—12th Novem- ber, 1972. Bird Observer (Dec.): 4. . . Т4. , 1973. Тһе making of а bird list. Gee- long Nat. 10: 37. T5, ——— —, 1974. Some notes on Geelong Nat. 10: 88-89, , naturalist, formerly of Ballarat, per- sonal communication; including an undated list of birds on Lake Goldsmith. WAKEFIELD, М. А,, 1963a. The Australian Pigmy-possums. Victorian Nat. 80: 99-116. — — ——, 1963b. Along the by-ways with the editor. Rufous Fantails records. Victorian Nat. 80: 192. [Information in a note from Mrs E. Bedggood of Ballarat.] ; 1963c, Along the by-ways with the editor. Fantails at Ballarat. Victorian Nat. 80: 37-38. [Information in a note from Mrs B. Strange of Ballarat.] WHEELER, J. R. of 72 James St, Belmont, Victoria, unpublished data. — —————, undated. Birds of Ballarat and dis- trict. [Unpublished list of birds in the Ballarat district with notes on distribution, habitat and breeding. | W6. the Starling. T6. Wi. W2. W3. WA. WS. , various dates between 1957 and 1976. Nature notes published in the newspaper, the Ballarat Courier. — — ———, 1953a. V16a. Ballarat, Vic. Іп World bird day, district bird lists, 1952: 7. Supplement to Bird Observer. .------> 1953b. V32. Beaufort, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1952: 11. Supplement to Bird Observer. . 1954. Field notes. Mountain Thrush nesting, Bird Observer (Oct.). .--:,::: 1955a. V16d. Ballarat, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1954: 25. Supplement to Bird Observer. .—— — 1955Ь, V75. Beaufort and Lake Goldsmith, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1954: 37. Supplement to Bird Observer. W12. , 1955c. V76. Snake УаПеу--Сагпр- ham, Vic. /n World bird day, district bird lists, 1954: 37-38. Supplement to Bird Observer. W13.————— , 19554. V79. Creswick-Newlyn, Vic, In World bird day, district bird lists, 1954: 38. Supplement to Bird Observer. WI4.— ————-, 1957a. V75a. Beaufort, Vic. Jn World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 60. Supplement to Bird Observer, = 19575, V76a. Qarngham, Vie. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 60-61. Supplement to Bird Observer. Wi16.——————-, 1957c, V34b. Smeaton, Kooroo- cheang, Newlyn, Vic. /n World bird day, dis- ігісі bird lists, 1955-1956: 70. Supplement to Bird Observer. ‚ 19574. V107a. Carranballac-Skipton- Beaufort, Vic. In World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-1956: 78. Supplement to Bird Ob- server, WT. \/10 Wil WIS WI17. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 67 WI8. . 1958a. Further notes on the Little Bittern (/xobrychnus minutus). Bird Observer 315 (Feb.). W19. , 1958b. Grazing swans. server 315 (Feb.). —— — — , 1959a. V16g. bird day, district bird lists, plement to Bird Observer. W21.——————, 1959b. V107b. Carranballac, Stone- leigh, Вшіп Gherin and Lake Goldsmith, Vic, In World bird day, district bird lists, 1957- 1958: 38. Supplement to Bird Observer. W22.———————, 1959c. Little Bitterns move south. Aust. Bird W. 1: 53. W23. --, 1960. Blue-billed Ducks at Wendouree, Ballarat. Emu 60: 281-284. -------, 1968. Club excursion to historic Lal Lal. Geelong Nat. 5; 56-60. ‚ 1971a. Darters recorded on Lake Wendouree, Ballarat. Geelong Nat. 8: 58. W26. ————_, 1971b. Grey Fantails breeding in suburban garden. Geelong Nat. 8: 82-84. ------, 1973. Bird list—Inverleigh and dis- trict (radius 10 miles). Іп The Inverleigh Com- mon, plant and bird lists (mimeographed by the Geelong Field Naturalists Club). -------, 1977. Club excursion to Mt Cole. Geelong Nat. 14: 79-81. W29, WHEELER, J. R. (Mr and Mrs), 1959. V108a. Learmonth, Waubra, Livingston, Ercildoune, Lexton, Vic. /n World bird day, district bird lists, 1957-1958: 38-39. Supplement to Bird Observer. W30. WHEELER, J. R. and R. THomas, 1975. Mt Cole campout Jan. 17th, 18th, 19th, 1975. Geelong Nat. 11: 101-107. W31. WHEELER, W. R., 1954. Report of outings. Barunah Plains, Hesse, Bird Observer (Oct.). W32.——————, 1967. A handlist of the birds of Victoria. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. W33. ————_, 1973. The Black-tailed Native Hen recent invasion. Geelong Nat. 10: 45-50. ——————, 1974. Victorian records of the Plain Wanderer. Geelong Nat. 11: 29- 35. W35.——————, 1975. The Darter in southern Vic- toria. Geelong Nat. 12: 57-62. W36. ——————, 1977. Victorian records of the Letter- winged Kite. Geelong Nat. 14: 57-63. W37. Wuite, C. M., Brigham Young University at Provo, "Utah (U.S.A.), personal communication. W38. WILKINSON, J., Raglan, personal communica- tion. Bird Ob- W20. Ballarat, Vic. In World 1957-1958: 31. Sup- Lake W24. W28. W34. Appendix 1 Annotated list of Mammals in the Ballarat area TACHYGLOSSIDAE Tachyglossus aculeatus. Echidna. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from 1:5 km NNW of Mt Cole, 3 km SSW of Mt Langi Ghiran, near Mt Erip, 5:5 km W of Daylesford, 2 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran, 1 km SW of Ben Nevis and the Inverleigh Block (FWD survey; Par- naby pers. comm.; Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. ORNITHORHYNCHIDAE Ornithorhynchus anatinus. Platypus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from Hepburn Lagoon, Beaufort, Ballarat, Newlyn, Mt Emu Creek near Skipton, Fiery Creek near Raglan, Woady Yaloak River and Lake Wendouree. HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. B2; C2; F3; M2; N1; W4. DASYURIDAE Dasyurus maculatus. Tiger Cat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. record from “The Meadows” 3 April 1964 (FWD specimen). HABITAT. Open-forest. Only one Rokewood on Dasyurus viverrinus. Quoll, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Once com- mon and widespread, now presumed extinct in the survey area. The following account was published by Wheeler in the Ballarat Courier (3/4/65): “Native cats were often seen perched on fence posts on moonlit nights before 1900 at Emu Hill Station south of Linton towards Mannibadar . . . both Native and Tiger cats were known in the Mortchup district about the 188075”. Wheeler in the Ballarat Courier (8/5/65) gives the follow- ing report by Mr A. Sonsee: “Ап old friend of mine at Kooroocheang . . . informed me that Native cats were common in stone fences, stone heaps and basalt outcrops in that dis- trict but they all disappeared in the early 1900's". Hasitat. Woodland and grassland with piles of stones. Phascogale tapoatafa. Tuan. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Infrequently recorded but widespread in the survey area. Recorded from 2 km SW of Mt Buangor, Linton, Elmhurst, Beaufort, Pyrenees Highway 25 km ENE of Ararat, 3 km E of Ararat and Stockyard Hill (FWD survey, specimens and 68 A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER files; NMV specimens; Clements pers. comm.). Fleay (1934) mentions one trapped at Smeaton and a road kill on the Western High- way at Gordon. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. Antechinus flavipes. Yellow-footed Antechinus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and restricted to the NW corner of the survey area. Recorded from Ararat, Mt Cole Range- Warrak and 2 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran (FWD specimens and files; NMV specimens). Fleay (1949) mentions seeing them in the stony rises between Smeaton and Campbell- town, and Millar (pers. comm.) reports them from Stockyard Hill. HABITAT. Open-forest with cover. sparse ground Antechinus stuartii. Brown Antechinus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread in the north and east of the survey area. Recorded from Snake Valley, 15 km SSW of Daylesford, 2 km ENE of Creswick, 2 km SE of Mt Langi Ghiran, 2 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran, Mt Erip State Forest and throughout the Mt Cole Block (FWD survey and specimens). HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. Antechinus swainsonii. Swainson's Antechinus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Occurs near the northern part of the eastern boundary (Heislers pers. comm.) but the stronghold of this species in the survey area is the Mt Cole State Forest, Recorded from 3 km E of Mt Buangor, 2 km SW of Mt Buangor and 1 km NE of Mt Cole (FWD survey). HABITAT. Tall open-forest, especially in gullies. Sminthopsis murina. Mouse Dunnart. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rarely re- corded. One was collected from beneath a piece of bark in a bush paddock 1:5 km SW of Mt Buninyong on 15/1/1964 (FWD speci- men) and 2 were found beneath a sheet of iron in Mt Erip State Forest 14 km SW of Smythesdale on 31/3/1976 (FWD survey). HABITAT. Open-forest. Sminthopsis crassicaudata. Fat-tailed Dunnart. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Infrequently recorded but widespread. Recorded from Ararat, Beaufort, Cape Clear, 8 km NE of Beaufort, Smythesdale and Elaine (FWD and ММУ specimens; Wheeler in Ballarzt Courier 12/9/64). HABITAT. Grassland, where it shelters beneath rocks and logs. PERAMELIDAE Perameles gunnii. Gunn’s Bandicoot, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Once com- mon and widespread, now presumed extinct in the survey area. Recorded from Beaufort, near Trawalla and near Mt Emu (NMV speci- mens). Wheeler in the Ballarat Courier (23/9/67) mentions Barred Bandicoots found on the railway line between Pittong and Skip- ton. Another colony was known at Carngham towards Mena Park. НаВІТАТ. Grassland and woodland. VOMBATIDAE Vombatus ursinus. Wombat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted to the NE corner of the survey area where it is either rare or extinct. No evidence of it was found in the survey area during the FWD survey although it was recorded just east of the boundary. It has occurred further west because Fleay (1972) mentions Wombats in wet sclerophyll forest near Moorabool Reser- voir in 1924, HaniTAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. PHASCOLARCTIDAE Phascolarctos cinereus. Koala. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread but patchy distribution. Recorded from 1-5 km N of Mt Cole, Dereel, 2 km E of Creswick, Mt Buninyong, 2 km SE of Mt Langi Ghiran, 2 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran, Lal Lal State Forest and Mt Cole State Forest 4 km S of Elmhurst (FWD survey and specimen; Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 22/4/76 and 30/5/70). HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 69 PHALANGERIDAE Trichosurus vulpecula. Brush-tailed Possum. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from Mt Cole State Forest, Mt Erip State Forest, Cape Clear, Mt Bute, Ararat, 10 km NNE of Ararat, 2 km E of Creswick, 2 km SE of Mt Langi Ghiran and Inverleigh Common (FWD survey and files; ММУ specimens). HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and urban areas. PETAURIDAE Pseudocheirus peregrinus. Ring-tailed Possum. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from Mt Cole State Forest, 3 km W of Spargo Creek, 2 km NW of Barkstead, Mt Erip State Forest, Mt Bunin- yong, Mt Bute—W of Linton, Ararat, 2 km E of Creswick and 2 km W of Beaufort (FWD survey; NMV specimens). HaBiTrAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland. Petaurus breviceps. Sugar Glider. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from Mt Cole State Forest, 4 km W of Enfield, Smythesdale, : Beaufort, Happy Valley, Mt Helen, Mt Clear and Creswick. HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. INFORMATION SOURCES. B4; C2; C11; ЕЗ; W6. Petaurus australis. Yellow-bellied Glider. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. ЇЇ present, restricted and rare. Only indirect evidence for the presence of this species in Mt Cole State Forest exists. Two trees with rows of bites, which were possibly made by Yellow-bellied Gliders, were found along Buckingham's Creek Road 3 km S of Ben Nevis (FWD sur- vey). A “glider tree” has also been reported along Hutching’s Track 3 km N of Mt Cole (Millar pers. comm.). The species is also listed as occurring in the Mt Cole area by the Geelong F.N.C. and Western Victorian F.N.C.A. (1972) but details are not given. Confirmation of the presence of this species in the survey area is required. HABITAT. Tall open-forest. Schoinobates volans. Greater Glider. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. The NE boundary of the survey area is at the western edge of the range of this species, The western- most known occurrence is at Koorweingu- boorah Reservoir (Heislers pers. comm. ). Навітат. Tall open-forest. BURRAMYIDAE Acrobates pygmaeus. Feather-tailed Glider. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread but rarely seen. Recorded from Happy Valley, Trawalla State Forest, Gordon, Linton, Enfield State Forest and Willaura (FWD and NMV specimens; Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 6/4/68). HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest апа woodland. Cercartetus nanus. Eastern Pigmy Possum. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread but not commonly encountered. Recorded from Smythesdale, Snake Valley, Enfield, Ballarat area and Scarsdale (FWD specimens; Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 4/4/70). HABITAT. Open-forest. MACROPODIDAE Macropus giganteus. Eastern Grey Kangaroo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from all blocks of public land in the survey area (FWD survey). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest, woodland and tall open- forest. Macropus rufogriseus. Red-necked Wallaby. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted and uncommon. Recorded only in the Mt Cole State Forest (FWD survey) although once common in the Ben Major-Trawalla Block near Mt Lonarch (Clements pers. comm. ). HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. Wallabia bicolor. Black Wallaby. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from all blocks of public land except the Ararat and Mt Langi Ghiran blocks (FWD survey). HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest wherever there is a dense understorey about 1 m high. 70 ^. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER PIEROPODIDAE Pteropus scapulatus. Red Fruit Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Occasional individuals stray into the area. There is an ММУ specimen from Piggoreet and Wheeler in the Ballarat Courier (26/5/73) mentions unidentified fruit bats from Ararat and Lake Bolac. VESPERTILIONIDAE Pipistrellus tasmaniensis. Tasmanian Pipistrelle. ABUNDANCE АМО DISTRIBUTION. Recorded from 6 km W of Daylesford, Enfield State Forest—5 km SW of Enfield and Mt Cole State Forest—4 km S of Elmhurst (FWD survey; NMV specimen). HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. Eptesicus pumilus. Little Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from 4 km S of Elm- hurst, 2 km SE of Mt Langi Ghiran, Mt Bunin- yong, Creswick and 5 km W of Daylesford (FWD survey and specimens; NMV speci- mens). НАВ1ТАТ. Tall open-forest and open-forest. Chalinolobus gouldii. Gould’s Wattled Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common. Recorded from 4 km S of Elmhurst, 5 km SW of Enfield and Ballarat (FWD survey and specimens). НАВІТАТ. Tall open-forest and open-forest. Miniopteris schreibersii. Bent-winged Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare. Only recorded at Buninyong (FWD specimen) and a jawbone was found in a lava cave on Mt Widderin near Skipton by Simpson and Smith (1964). HaBITAT. This bat lives in caves, man-made tunnels and mine shafts, Nyctophilus geoffroyi. Lesser Long-eared Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common. Recorded from Ballarat, Mt Buninyong, Elm- hurst, Creswick, Smythesdale, 2 km E of Creswick, 7 km SW of Spargo Hotel and 5 km SW of Enfield (FWD survey and specimens; ММУ specimens). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest. MOLOSSIDAE Tadarida australis. White-striped Bat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon. Recorded from 4 km S of Elmhurst and Stock- yard НІШ--1:5 km S of Trawalla State Forest (FWD survey and specimens). HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. LEPORIDAE Lepuseuropaeus. Hare, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Probably widespread and uncommon. None recorded during the FWD survey, but Wheeler (unpub- lished data) indicates they occur in the Carngham, Beaufort and Carranballac area. Records from districts adjacent to the survey area suggest they are present throughout. An introduced species. НАВ1ТАТ. Woodland and grassland. Oryctolagus cuniculus. Rabbit. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from all blocks in the survey area (FWD survey). An introduced species. HanrrAT. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land. Only occurs in tall open-forest along the edge of tracks. MURIDAE Rattus fuscipes. Bush Rat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted to the NE of the survey area where it is com- топ in the western end of the Wombat State Forest. Recorded from 15 km SSW of Dayles- ford and 3 km W of Spargo (FWD survey). A record from the Enfield State Forest (Bedg- good pers. comm.) requires confirmation. HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. Rattus rattus. Black Rat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from Snake Valley, 2 km E of Creswick, 15 km SSW of Daylesford, Mt Erip, Woady Yallock River—7 km SSE of Linton, 4 km N of Linton, 3:5 km E of Mt Buangor, 0:6 km NE of Mt Cole, 3 km NW of Barkstead, 2 km SW of Mt Buangor and 2 km N of Mt Cole (FWD survey and speci- mens). An introduced species. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 71 HaBiTAT. Тай open-forest, open-forest, aquatic (reed beds) and suburban environ- ments. This species is usually found in natural environments that have been disturbed, for example mining or recent logging. Rattus lutreolus. Swamp Rat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Restricted and common. Recorded from 2 km SE of Mt Langi Ghiran, 3 km N of Mt Cole, 2 km SW of Mt Buangor and 1 km NE of Mt Cole (FWD survey). HaBiTAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. Mus musculus. House Mouse. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from 5:5 km S of Smythesdale, Mt Langi Ghiran, Linton and 3 km NW of Barkstead (FWD survey and specimens). An introduced species. HaBirAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, grassland and suburban environments. Usually only found in forested environments that have been disturbed. Hydromys chrysogaster. Eastern Water Rat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and uncommon. Recorded from Lake Wen- douree, Flax Mill Swamp, Hepburn Lagoon, 3 km N of Mt Cole, 5 km NNW of Cape Clear, 3 km SW of Cape Clear and Eaton’s Dam—2 km NE of Creswick (FWD survey; Heislers pers. comm.; Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Aquatic. SCIURIDAE Sciura carolinensis. Grey Squirrel. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Once re- stricted to the gardens in Ballarat; it now appears that they are no longer present in the survey area. They were introduced on 24 November 1936 by Mr T. Beaumont, who brought individuals from “Rippon Lea” in Melbourne; the latest sightings were in 1966 (FWD files; Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 29/2/64). HABITAT. Suburban parks with many northern hemisphere trees. CANIDAE Vulpes vulpes. Fox. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from 2 km W of Spargo, Barkstead, 2 km NW of Barkstead, Mt Erip State Forest, 5 km NNE of Cape Clear, 5 km NNW of Cape Clear and 2 km NW of Inverleigh (FWD survey). An intro- duced species. HABITAT. Occurs in all habitats. FELIDAE Felis catus. Cat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from 2 km NW of Inverleigh and 2 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran (FWD survey and files). An introduced species. HaBiTAT. Occurs in all habitats. CERVIDAE Cervus unicolor. Sambar Deer. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted to Mt Cole State Forest and Mt Langi Ghiran Forest Park (FWD survey and files). It is sug- gested by Bentley (1978) that the present population of Sambar Deer in the Mt Cole State Forest originated from a liberation at Ercildoune near Burrumbeet in 1871. Hapitat. Tall open-forest. Cervus elephas. Red Deer. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Has spread from earlier liberations in the western district, but the population has declined in farmlands and it is now restricted to the Enfield and Ben Major-Trawalla Blocks (Clements pers. comm.). Bentley (1978) provides the follow- ing information: “A small herd of red deer inhabits the timbered country and pine plan- tations in the Shire of Grenville south of Ballarat. The deer are descendants of those once held by Philip Russell on his property Carngham, Snake Valley. In 1890 about twenty deer were moved to Langi Willi the property of George Russell near Linton... . The Langi Willi deer were liberated in the Linton forest about 1914. Very occasionally red deer have been reported seen in the Mt Cole State Forest.” HABITAT. Open-forest. 72 ^. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER Appendix 2 Annotated list of Birds in the Ballarat area DROMAIIDAE Dromaius novaehollandiae. Emu. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Survival in the survey area is doubtful. INFORMATION SOURCES. W4; W5; W9. PODICIPEDIDAE Podiceps cristatus. Great Crested Grebe. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon. Regular summer visitor to Lake Wendouree, occasional elsewhere. In 1972 the population on Lake Wendouree consisted of 45 adults and 10 young of the year (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests regularly on Lake Wen- douree; see RAOU nest record cards for details. A pair also has been recorded by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 16/1/58) as nest- ing at Newlyn. INFORMATION SOURCES. C2; C8; R7; R9; T6; W4; WS; W6; W20; W28; W29. Poliocephalus poliocephalus. Hoary-headed Grebe. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Stoneleigh Lake and Carranballac Swamps (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES, C8; F3; J2; P2; R$; S3; S4; T6; W4; W5; W6; W7; №11; W13; W20; W21; W29. Tachybaptus novaehollandiae. Australasian Grebe. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic, BREEDING. It regularly nests in the survey area particularly on margins of farm ponds. Also see Table 4. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; ЕЗ; GI; 12: M4; P2; R7; T2; T6; W4; WS; W7; W8; W13; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. PELECANIDAE Pelecanus conspicillatus. Australian Pelican. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; usually on large bodies of water. HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; ЕЗ; Тб; №5; \/ 15; W20; W29. ANHINGIDAE Anhinga melanogaster. Darter. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; a few sightings of single birds are reported in the literature and Wheeler (unpublished data) has recorded it on Lake Wendouree, Creswick Lakes and on Woady Yaloak Creek near Piggoreet. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. Not recorded in the survey area, but just to the north it occasionally nests in River Red Gums near Clunes (Thomas pers. comm. ). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; T6; W4; №5; W25; W35. PHALACROCORACIDAE Phalacrocorax carbo. Great Cormorant. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. Not recorded in the survey area, but just to the north it nests near Clunes (Thomas pers. comm. ). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; D1; J2; M4; R9; T6; W5; W7; W11; W13; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. Phalacrocorax varius. Pied Cormorant. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; reported at Lakes Wendouree, Learmonth, Burrumbeet, Goldsmith, Bolac and at Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W4; WS. Phalacrocorax sulcirostris. Little Black Cormorant. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. D1; ЕЗ; T6; W5; W7; W20. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 73 Phalacrocorax melanoleucos. Little Pied Cormorant. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C8; D1; ЕЗ; СІ; 12; R9; T6; W5; W6; W7; W8; W12; W13; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. ARDEIDAE Ardea pacifica. Pacific Heron. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Numbers appear to fluctuate, possibly nomadic. HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area (Thomas pers. comm.; Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; F3; Gl; G2; M3; R9; T6; W4; W5; W13; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Ardea novaehollandiae. White-faced Heron. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area; see RAOU nest record cards for details of nests near Beaufort. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C4; C8; D1; ЕЗ; G1; G2; J1; J2; M3; М4; P2; R7; R9; S4; T2; T3; T6; W5; W8; W11; W12; W13; W14; W15; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Ardeola ibis. Cattle Egret. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Numbers are increasing (Thomas pers. comm.; Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. АЗ; T6; W4; W5; W6. Egretta alba. Great Egret. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Numbers appear to fluctuate, possibly nomadic (Thomas pers. comm. ). HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; G2; T6; W4; W5; W21; №29. Egretta intermedia. Intermediate Egret. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded near Skipton (Anon. 1974) and at Lake Gold- smith, Cockpits Lagoon, Lake Wendouree, Buln Gherin and Lake Burrumbeet (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; T6; W4; W5. Nycticorax caledonicus. Rufous Night Heron. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. [INFORMATION SOURCES. A3; C2; C8; P2; T3; T6; W4; W5; W6; W21; W27. Ixobrychus minutus. Little Bittern. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; one or two seen at Lake Wendouree in 1957 and in 1960 and one recorded at Happy Valley in 1966 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 15/11/75). HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. Т6; W5; W6; W18; W20; W22. Botaurus poiciloptilus. Australasian Bittern. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. А RAOU nest record card contains details of a nest near Streatham. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; R7; T6; W4; W5. PLATALEIDAE Plegadis falcinellus. Glossy Ibis. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded from Lake Wendouree and near Skipton (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 6/11/65 and 6/5/67), near Streatham (Anon. 1974) and Lake Learmonth and Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. A3; T6; W4; W5; W6. Threskiornis aethiopica. Sacred Ibis. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncommon and widespread; numbers appear to fluctuate, possibly nomadic (Thomas pers. comm. ). HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area at Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). 74 А. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; Gl; G2; M4; T2; T6; W4; W5; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. Threskiornis spinicollis. Straw-necked Ibis. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Common and widespread; numbers appear to fluctuate, possibly nomadic (Thomas pers. comm.). HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. BREEDING. A large breeding colony was re- ported by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 8/1/66) near Streatham in 1964/65 and 1965/66; it has also nested at Buln Gherin (Wheeler un- published data), INFORMATION SOURCES. À2; C8; КӨС tip J1; P2; R9; T3; T6; W4; №5; W6; W15; W20: W21; W27; W28: W29. Platalea regia. Royal Spoonbill, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 11/7/70) near Lake Burrumbeet in 1953, at Beaufort Lake and Lake Wendouree in 1969 and by Grant (1978) near Lexton in 1977. Also listed at Mena Park Swamp, Lake Learmonth, Lake Goldsmith and Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpub- lished data). HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. G2; T6; W4; W5; W6. Platalea flavipes. Y ellow-billed Spoonbill, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nested at Beaufort Lake in 1967 (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; G2; M3; M4; T6; W4; W5; W20; W21; W27; W28. ANATIDAE Anseranas semipalmata. Magpie Goose. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Survival in the survey area is doubtful. It disappeared from Lake Wendouree in the 1890s (Wheeler un- published data). INFORMATION SOURCES. W4; W5. Dendrocygna eytoni. Plumed Whistling-Duck. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Rare. A flock of 10 remained for a week near Tourello dur- ing February 1958 and another flock of 8 remained for 3 days at Buln Gherin in Novem- ber 1969 (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Aquatic. Cygnus atratus. Black Swan. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. НАВІТАТ. Aquatic and grassland. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C8; D1; ЕЗ; Gl; J2; M4; P2; R7; R9; S3; S4; T2; T6; W4; W5; W7; W8; W11; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W19; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. Stictonetta naevosa. Freckled Duck. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 19/9/64) at Beaufort, Burrumbeet, Carranballac, Strea- tham and Skipton. Also at Lake Wongan (Clements pers. comm.). HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. C2; T6; W4; W5; W6. Cereopsis novaehollandiae. Cape Barren Goose. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 19/9/64, 9/1/71 and 17/3/73) at Burrumbeet, Langi Kal Kal, Carranballac, Wallinduc, Mt Bute, Lexton and near Ballarat. As many as 30 or 40 have been seen at Lake Wongan (Clements pers. comm.). Also listed at Cardigan, Strea- tham Swamps and Skipton Swamps (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Grassland and aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. C2; T6; W4; W5; W6. Tadorna tadornoides. Australian Shelduck. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. Aas C2: "OT C8 EJ: ЕЗ; Gl; M3; M4; P2; R9; S3; S4; T6; W4; WS; W6; W8; W11; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W19; W21; W27; W28; W29. Anas superciliosa. Pacific Black Duck. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; АЗ; A4; C2; C4; C8; DE ЕЗ; СІ; 12; M3; P2; R7; R9; 53; S4; T2; Т6; W4; W5; W6; W7; W8; W11; W13; WI4; №15; W16; W17; W19; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. Anas platyrhynchos. Mallard. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental. One bird was on Lake Wendouree in April 1970 (Wheeler unpublished data). This is an introduced species which should not be allowed to become established because of its propen- sity to interbreed with Anas superciliosa. HABITAT. Aquatic. Anas gibberifrons. Grey Teal. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A3; C2; C8; ЕЗ; 12; M4; P2; R9; Тб; W4; W5; W8; W11; W13; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. Anas castanea. Chestnut Teal. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread; more observed in recent years (Thomas pers. comm. ). HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It has nested on Skipton swamps (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C2; ЕЗ; Т6; W4; W5. Anas rhynchotis. Australasian Shoveller. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Lakes Gold- smith and Burrumbeet (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C2; C7; C8; F3; J2; M4; P2; T6; W4; W5; W20; W21; №27. Malacorhynchus membranaceus. Pink-eared Duck. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. 75 INFORMATION SOURCES. A3; C2; T6; W4; W5; W6; W11; W17; W21; W29. Aythya australis. Hardhead. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread; numbers fluctuate. In 1957 an estimated 15,000 remained many months on Lake Learmonth and in 1977 500 were on Lake Wendouree (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT, Aquatic. BREEDING. It nested on Lake Wendouree in 1956, 1961, 1962 and 1969 (Wheeler unpub- lished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. A3; C2; C8; F3; J2; Тб; №4; W5; W6; W7; W11; W13; W17; W20; W21; W27; W29. Chenonetta jubata. Maned Duck. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic and grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; Gl; R9; S4; T6; W4; W5; W21; W27. Oxyura australis. Blue-billed Duck. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. A regular summer visitor to Lake Wendouree, usually arriving in July and August and leaving in March or April. Uncommon elsewhere in the survey area. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests at Lake Wendouree and Stoneleigh Lake (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. АЗ; A5; C2; J2; T6; W4; W5; W6; W7; W20; W23. Biziura lobata. Musk Duck. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests at Lake Wendouree and Cockpits Lagoon (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A3; C6; C8; F3; J2; M4; P2; R9; S3; T6; W4; W5; W7; W13; W15; №17; №19; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. ACCIPITRIDAE Elanus notatus. Black-shouldered Kite. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon 76 А. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. В. WHEELER and widespread; numbers appear to fluctuate, possibly nomadic ( Thomas pers. comm.). HABITAT. Grassland and woodland. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; G1; M3; M4; 57; T6; W5; W11; W20; W27; W28; W29. Elanus scriptus. Letter-winged Kite. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; one recorded at Langi Kal Kal in 1952 and a pair at Mt Mercer in 1970 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 9/8/75). An influx of this species into Victoria occurred in 1977 and it was recorded in the survey area at Skipton and Beaufort (Wheeler, W. R. 1977). НАВІТАТ. Grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W5; W6; W36. Milvus migrans. Black Kite. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded near Linton (Wheeler unpublished data), Mt Cole (Geelong F.N.C. and Western Victoria F.N.C.A. 1972) and east of Streatham (Austin 1953). НАВІТАТ. Grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. Аб; С 1; WS. Haliastur sphenurus. Whistling Kite. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. In recent FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ararat Block. HABITAT. Grassland and woodland. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A4; C7; C8; Fl; F3; G1; M3; R9; S7; T2; T6; W5; W7; W8; W14; W15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W23; W27; W29. Accipiter fasciatus. Brown Goshawk. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. In recent FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Enfield, Creswick and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A4; C8; F3; Gl; КІ; M3; R7; Т2; T3; T6; W5; W14; W27; W30. Accipiter cirrhocephalus. Collared Sparrowhawk. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare апа widespread. In recent FWD survey it was re- corded in the Enfield Block. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and intro- duced pines. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort and Buln Gherir (Wheeler undated). INFORMATION SOURCES. F3; M3; P2; T6; W5; үү 14. Accipiter novaehollandiae. Grey Goshawk. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Creswick, around Ballarat and Linton Park (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 8/4/67 and 28/3/70). HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest and grassland. BREEDING. Reported to have nested at Inver- may (near Ballarat) in the 1940s (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 28/3/70). INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W5; W6. Aquila audax. Wedge-tailed Eagle. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. In recent FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield and Creswick Blocks. HABITAT. It soars over all habitats, but most nesting and hunting activities occur in tall open- forest, open-forest, woodland and grassland. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A4; C2; C4; C8; ЕЗ; F8; Gl; МІ; M4; P2. R9L87. ТЭС; Т6; W5; W6; W11; W14; W15; №16; W27; W29; W30. Hieraaetus morphnoides. Little Eagle. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. А1; C8; F3; T6; W5; W16; W27. Circus assimilis. Spotted Harrier. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recently reported from North Creswick (Cowley 1960a), Ross Creek (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 16/8/76) and Hadden (Wheeler unpublished data). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 77 HABITAT. Grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; T6; №4; W5; №6. Circus aeruginosus. Marsh Harrier. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION sources. C8; D1; ВЗ Gly J2: M4; R7; S7; T6; W4; W5; W8; W13; W15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W23; W27; W29; W30. FALCONIDAE Falco subniger. Black Falcon. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded in Creswick area in 1958 (Cowley 1960a), near Blowhard and Ballarat in 1954 (Wheeler unpublished data), and near Skipton in 1951 (Austin 1953). НАВІТАТ. Grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. А6; C8; T6; W4; WS. Falco peregrinus. Peregrine Falcon. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines, grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. It nests іп the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A3; C2; C8; F3; G1; H2; M3; N2; T2; T6; W5; W6; W17; W27. Falco longipennis. Australian Hobby. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines and grassland/suburban. BREEDING. It nested near Lake Wendouree in 1954 (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; G1; K1; M4; T6; W4; W5; W20; W27. Falco berigora. Brown Falcon. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. In recent FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ben Major-Trawalla, Enfield and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А1; А2; A4; C8; ЕЗ; G1; M3; M4; P2; R9; S3; S4; S7; T2; T3; Т6; W5; W8; W11; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30; W31. Falco cenchroides. Australian Kestrel. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; F3; Gl; M3; M4; 54; T6; W5; W8; W14; W16; W21; W27. PHASIANIDAE Coturnix novaezelandiae. Stubble Quail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread; numbers appear to be greater dur- ing the summer, probably nomadic. HABITAT. Grassland. BREEDING. Adults with young were seen in the Inverleigh Block during recent FWD survey; also recorded with young at Skipton in 1912 (RAOU Council 1913). Wheeler (unpub- lished data) has recorded nesting at Burrum- beet, Newlyn and Buln Gherin. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; ЕЗ; СІ; M3; P2; R6; R9; T6; W4; W5; W27; W31. Coturnix australis. Brown Quail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Mt Ети, Lake Goldsmith, Buln Gherin and Mt Bute (Wheeler unpublished data). НАВІТАТ. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Mt Bute (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; Wd; W5. Coturnix chinensis. King Quail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; recorded at Creswick (Payne 1931) and in Ballarat in 1930 and Windermere in 1928 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 29/4/67). НАВІТАТ. Recorded in introduced pines at Creswick (Payne 1931). INFORMATION SOURCES. P2; W5; W6. TURNICIDAE Turnix maculosa. Red-backed Button-quail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; 78 А. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER reported at Dowling near Ballarat іп 1930 (Wheeler 1967). INFORMATION SOURCES, W5; W32. Turnix varia. Painted Button-quail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. In recent FWD survey it was recorded in the Ben Major-Trawalla Block. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest, woodland and intro- duced pines. BREEDING. It nests in the survey arca. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; Gl; M3; P2; R7; T6; W5; W27. Turnix melanogaster. Black-breasted Button-quail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; five were shot at Cardigan near Ballarat in 1902 (Wheeler 1967). INFORMATION SOURCES. W5; W32. Turnix velox. Little Button-quail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare, with occasional influxes of birds such as occurred during December and January of 1954-55 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 14/1 1/70). HaBiTAT. Grassland. BREEDING. Many nested in the Newlyn district in 1954-55 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 14/11/70). INFORMATION SOURCES. R6; T6; W5; W6. Turnix pyrrhothorax. Red-chested Button-quail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; seen at Dowling near Ballarat in 1930 (Wheeler 1967) and in the Cressy-Bradvale district (west of Cape Clear) in 1957 and near Garibaldi in 1970 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 14/11/70). INFORMATION SOURCES, W5; W6; W32. PEDIONOMIDAE Pedionomus torquatus. Plains-wanderer. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; the National Museum of Victoria has specimens from Ballarat, Skipton and Shelford. The species was reported at Beaufort in 1922 (D'Ombrain 1926) and at Inverleigh in 1976 (Pescott 1977). HABITAT. Grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. D2; L3; NI; P3; T6; WS; W34. RALLIDAE Rallus philippensis. Buff-banded Rail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. Nesting recorded at Linton (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 28/3/64), at Newlyn in 1972 (RAOU nest record card) and at Cockpits Lagoon, Mt Rowan and Skipton Swamps (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. Gl; P2; R7; T6; W4; WS; W6. Rallus pectoralis. Lewin’s Rail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded in or near Ballarat at Gong Gong and the Flax Mill (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 20/4/63 and 27/1/68). Also listed at Miners Rest, Mt Rowan and Lake Burrumbeet (Wheeler un- published data). HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It has nested at Miners Rest (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W4; W5; W6. Porzana pusilla. ВаШоп% Crake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Nomadic. НАВІТАТ. Aquatic. BREEDING. It has nested at Lake Wendouree and Cockpits Lagoon (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. Т6; W4; W5; W6; W20. Porzana fluminea. Australian Crake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Possibly nomadic. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. An unfledged young was banded on the Hopkins River near Willaura in 1965 (Australian bird-banding scheme). INFORMATION SOURCES. А7; C8; G1; T6; W4; WS; W6; W20. Porzana tabuensis. Spotless Crake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 79 HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Cockpits Lagoon near Burrumbeet by Wheeler (Bal- larat Courier 25/4/70). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; P2; T6;W4; W5; W6. Gallinula ventralis. Black-tailed Native-hen. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Nomadic with irregular irruptions. НАВІТАТ. Grassland and aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. M4; T6; W4; W5; W6; W33. Gallinula tenebrosa. Dusky Moorhen. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and at Lake Wen- douree (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C4; C8; D1; ЕЗ; 12; P2; T6; W4; W5; W7; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. Porphyrio porphyrio. Purple Swamphen. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. НАВІТАТ. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and at Lake Wen- douree and Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpub- lished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; А5; Сб; C8; 01; ЕЗ; J2; P2; R9; S3; T6; W4; W5; W8; W11; W15; W17; W20; W21; №23; W27; W28; W29. Fulica atra. Eurasian Coot. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and at Lake Wen- douree and Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpub- lished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A3; C4; C8; D1; F2; F3; J2; P2; R9; S3; T6; W4; W5; W7; W11; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. GRUIDAE Grus rubicundus. Brolga. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area (see Table 4). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C2; Fl; ЕЗ; R7; R9; Т; W4; W5; W6; W8; W11; W17; W21; W27; W29. OTIDIDAE Ardeotis australis. Australian Bustard. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; it occa- sionally still appears in the Rokewood-Mt Hesse area. Recorded in 1954, 1958 and 1966 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 27/6/64 and 17/9/66). HABITAT. Grassland. BREEDING. In the past it nested in the Rokewood-Mt Hesse area (Wheeler in Bal- larat Courier 17/9/66). INFORMATION SOURCES, W5; W6; W3]. BURHINIDAE Burhinus magnirostris. Bush Thick-knee. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recent records are from Skipton, Lexton, Campbell- town, Carranballac, the Inverleigh district and Mt Emu. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. BnEEDING. Two young hatched near Lexton іп 1967 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 21/10/67; RAOU nest record card). INFORMATION SOURCES. R7; T6; W4; WS; W6; W27. ROSTRATULIDAE Rostratula benghalensis. Painted Snipe. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Stoneleigh Swamps, Invermay, Ercildoune, near Lal Lal Falls, Miners Rest and Lake Burrumbeet (Wheeler unpublished data). ММУ specimens are from Ballarat (1939) and Wendouree (Flaxmill Swamp) in 1969. HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. N1; T6; W4; W5; W6. 80 ^. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER CHARADRIIDAE Vanellus miles. Masked Lapwing. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C8; ЕЗ; Gl; Jl; M4; R7; R9; S3; S4; Т2; T6; W4; W5; W8; №11; W12; W13; W14; W15; Wl6; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. Vanellus tricolor. Banded Lapwing. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread, In recent FWD survey it was recorded near Naringal (west of Pitfield Plains). НАВІТАТ. Grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Lake Gold- smith and at Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpub- lished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; M4; R7; T6; W4;W5; W6; W8; WI2; W21; W27. Pluvialis dominica. Lesser Golden Plover. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental. Reported at ‘Blythevale’ near Streatham by Bill Weatherly (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 13/3/65). HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests in Siberia and northern North America. Erythrogonys cinctus. Red-kneed Dotterel. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncommon and widespread. Usually observed during spring and summer. HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES. M4; T6; W4; W5; W6. Charadrius bicinctus. Double-banded Plover. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon. Recorded at Lake Wongan (Millar and Tiley 1972-73), Lake Goldsmith (Thomas pers. comm.) and Lake Burrumbeet, Cockpits Lagoon and Inverleigh Block (Wheeler un- published data); a winter migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests in New Zealand. INFORMATION SOURCES. M4; T6; W4; W5; W8; W29, Charadrius ruficapillus. Red-capped Plover. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Common and widespread. НАВІТАТ. Aquatic. BREEDING. Nesting has been documented at several localities in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. F3; M4; R7; S4; T6; W4; WS; W8; W11; W15; W17; W21; W29. Charadrius melanops. Black-fronted Plover. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. Nesting has been documented at several localities in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C7; C8; F3; G1; P2; Т6; W4; W5; W8; W13; W14; W15; W20; W21; W27. RECURVIROSTRIDAE Himantopus himantopus. Black-winged Stilt. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; regularly observed on Lake Goldsmith, occa- sional elsewhere (Thomas pers. comm. ). HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. Nesting recorded at Lake Wongan (Millar and Tiley 1972-73), Lake Goldsmith (RAOU nest record card), Lake Bolac (Aus- tralian bird-banding scheme) and Cockpits Lagoon and Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpub- lished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. А7; G2; М4; R7; R9; T6; W4; W5; W6; W21; W28; W29. Cladorhynchus leucocephalus. Banded Stilt. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Carranballac, Lake Goldsmith and in the Langi Kal Kal-Burrumbeet area (Wheeler un- published data). HABITAT. Aquatic. Recurvirostra novaehollandiae. Red-necked Avocet. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. Nesting recorded at Lake Gold- smith (Thomas pers. comm.; RAOU nest cards) and at Lake Bolac (Australian bird- banding scheme). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 81 INFORMATION SOURCES. А7; R7; T6; W4; W5; W6; W8; W11; W21; W29. SCOLOPACIDAE Tringa glareola. Wood Sandpiper. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare, a sum- mer migrant to Victoria. Recorded at Lake Goldsmith (Wheeler 1967). HABITAT. Aquatic, BREEDING. ЇЇ nests in northern Eurasia. INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W5; W32. Tringa hypoleucos. Common Sandpiper. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare, a sum- mer migrant to Victoria. Recorded at Lake Wendouree in 1968 by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 7/12/68). HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests in Eurasia and parts of Africa. INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W5; W6. Tringa nebularia. Greenshank. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare, a sum- mer migrant to Victoria. Recorded at Lake Goldsmith (Thomas pers. comm.; Anon. 1975), and at Lake Wongan (Miller and Tiley 1972-73) and at the Streatham Swamps and Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests in northern Eurasia. INFORMATION SOURCES. АЗ; M4; T6; W4; WS. Gallinago hardwickii. Latham’s Snipe. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Regularly recorded at Beau- fort Lake. A summer migrant to Victoria. HaBiTAT. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. It nests in Japan. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; G1; M4; P2; R9; T6; W4; W5; W6; W21; W27. Calidris acuminata. | Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common at Lakes Goldsmith and Wongan, occasional elsewhere. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests in Siberia. INFORMATION SOURCES. М4; T6; W4; W5; W6; W20. Calidris ruficollis. Red-necked Stint. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common on Lake Goldsmith, uncommon elsewhere. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests in Siberia and Alaska. INFORMATION SOURCES. М4; T6; М4; W5; W8; W17; W20; W21. Calidris ferruginea. Curlew Sandpiper. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded on Lakes Goldsmith (Thomas pers. comm.) and Wongan (Millar and Tiley 1972-73). A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It nests in Siberia. INFORMATION SOURCES. M4; T6; W5. LARIDAE Larus novaehollandiae. Silver Gull ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. It nests on Lakes Goldsmith and Bolac (Australian bird-banding scheme) and on the Streatham Swamps and at Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A7; C8; F3; Jl; 12; M4; R9; S3; T6; W4; W5; W8; WII; W13; W15; W17; W20; W21; W29. Chlidonias hybrida. Whiskered Tern. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It has nested near Streatham, at Lake Bolac (Australian bird-banding scheme) and on the Carranballac Swamps (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. A3; A7; M4; T6; W4; WS. Gelochelidon nilotica. Gull-billed Tern. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; most records are from Lakes Goldsmith and Wongan. HABITAT. Aquatic. BREEDING. It has nested on Lake Goldsmith (Australian bird-banding scheme; Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 7/9/68). 82 А. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER INFORMATION SOURCES. А7; M4; R7; Т4; T6; WS; Wo. Hydroprogne caspia. Caspian Tern. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare: recorded from Lakes Goldsmith, Burrumbeet and Wen- douree (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Aquatic. INFORMATION SOURCES, Т6; W4; W5; W6. COLUMBIDAE Ptilinopus superbus. Superb Fruit Dove. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; one specimen was collected at Raglan in 1930 (Ross 1930). Columba livia. Feral Pigeon. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. An introduced species. HABITAT. Suburban and farming areas. BREEDING. It nests in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; F3; W5; W27. Streptopelia chinensis. Spotted Turtle-Dove. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. An introduced species. HABITAT. Suburban and grassland areas. BREEDING. It nests in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. J1; J2; W5; W7; W20; W27. Geopelia placida. Peaceful Dove. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Bald Hills near Creswick in 1971 by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 26/6/71), at Lin- ton (Wheeler unpublished data), and in the Ararat Block during recent FWD survey. HABITAT. Woodland and grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. ЕЗ; СІ; Т6; W4; W5; W6. Geopelia cuneata. Diamond Dove. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; recorded at Miners Rest in 1965 and at Cres- wick in 1967 by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 18/3/67); also Mt Cole and Linton (Wheeler unpublished data). BREEDING. An adult with one young observed at Creswick. INFORMATION SOURCES. W4; W5; W6. Phaps chalcoptera. Common Bronzewing. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. In recent FWD survey it was recorded in the Creswick, Ararat and Inver- leigh Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. It nests near Creswick (Wheeler unpublished data). A nest was also found in the Inverleigh Block during FWD survey. INFORMATION SOURCES, A4; C8; F3; СІ; P2; T2; T6; W4; W5; W27. Phaps elegans. Brush Bronzewing. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and widespread. HaBrTAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. BREEDING. It has nested near Linton (Thomas pers. comm. ). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A4; Gl; T6; W4; WS. Ocyphaps lophotes. Crested Pigeon. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; recorded near Cape Clear in 1961 and near Smythesdale in 1968 (Wheeler unpublished data). CACATUIDAE Calyptorhynchus funereus. Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. In recent FWD survey it was recorded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla and Enfield Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest and introduced pines. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; F3; G1; M3; R9; T6; W5; W27; W30. Callocephalon fimbriatum. Gang-gang Cockatoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; two recorded flying over Ballarat in 1970 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 18/4/70); also seen at Spargo Creek and near White Swan Reservoir (Wheeler unpublished data). Probably present in the Wombat Forest on NE side of survey area. HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W4; W5; W6. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 83 Cacatua roseicapilla. Galah, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncommon and widespread. In recent FWD survey we recorded it at several localities on the basalt plains and in the Ararat Block. HABITAT. Woodland and grassland. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C8; ЕЗ; СІ; КІ; M3; 54; Т6; №5; W16; W17; W27; W28. Cacatua tenuirostris. Long-billed Corella. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; most records are from the basalt plains in the western portion of the survey area. In recent FWD survey it was also recorded in the Langi Ghiran and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Woodland and grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. F3; G1; G2; G3; M3; T6; W5; W28; W30. Cacatua leadbeateri. Pink Cockatoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; a group of three was seen near Smythes Creek and later at Cambrian Hill during March 1961 (Wheeler unpublished data). Cacatua galerita. Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. In recent FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. HaBiTAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and grassland. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; Gl; M1; M3; М4; S3; T6; W5; W13; W14; W27; W28; W29; W30. LORIIDAE Trichoglossus haematodus. Rainbow Lorikeet. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; formerly common іп the Mt Cole-Beaufort area (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 12/8/67). Also recorded in exotic trees in Ararat (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Open-forest and suburban garden. INFORMATION SOURCES. G1; W4; W5; W6. Glossopsitta concinna. Musk Lorikeet. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Nomadic. In recent FWD survey it was recorded in the Ararat Block. HaBiTAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; Gl; M3; P2; T6; W5; W27; W30. Glossopsitta porphyrocephala. Purple-crowned Lorikeet. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Nomadic. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. INFORMATION SOURCES, C8; СІ; M3; T6; W5; W21; W27; W30. Glossopsitta pusilla. Little Lorikeet. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Nomadic. In recent FWD survey it was observed in the Ararat Block. HaBiTAT. Open-forest, woodland and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; Gl; M3; T6; W4; W5; W27. POLYTELITIDAB Alisterus scapularis. Australian King Parrot. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; recorded at Enfield and Eganstown in 1967 by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 5/8/67). Nymphicus hollandicus. Cockatiel. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded near Skipton (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 21/1/67), near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and at Carranballac and Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). Nomadic. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. INFORMATION SOURCES. M3; W4; W5; W6; W27. PLATYCERCIDAE Melopsittacus undulatus. Budgerigar. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded near Clunes (just north of survey area) by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 11/1/64), near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971), over Lake Wongan (Millar and Tiley 1972-73), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and at Cardigan (NMV specimen). 84 A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER HanBiTAT. Woodland and grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. M3; М4; МІ; W5; W6; W27. Lathamus discolor. Swift Parrot. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded in the Mt Cole area (Geelong F.N.C. and Western Victoria F.N.C.A. 1972), at Lake Wendouree (Wheeler unpublished data) and in the Inverleigh District. (Wheeler 1973). A winter migrant to Victoria. HaBiTAT. Open-forest, woodland and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. [t nests in Tasmania. INFORMATION SOURCES. G1; W4; W5; W27. Platycercus elegans. Crimson Rosella. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. It is а common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES, A2; A4; C4; C8; C10: ЕЗ; СІ; КІ; МІ; M3; P2; R7; S4; T2; Жаз T6; W5; W11 W12; W13; W14; W16; W17; W27; W28; W29; W30. Platycercus eximius. Eastern Rosella. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Mainly in trees remaining ọn the basalt plains, but during FWD survey we also recorded it in the Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land. BREEDING. It is a common nesting species in the survey arca. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C4; C8; F3; Gl; Jl; J2; КІ; M3; P2; R7: ISO e Sas Sz Т3; Т6; М5; W8; WII; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Psephotus haematonotus. Red-rumped Parrot. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread on the basalt plains. It was also recorded in the Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks during FWD survey, Habitat. Woodland and grassland, particu- larly where River Red Gums are present, BREEDING. It nests in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; ЕЗ; GI; КІ; M3; P2; R9; 54; 57; Т6; W5; W8; W14; W16; W17; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Neophema chrysostoma. Blue-winged Parrot. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Rare; Robin- son (1955) mentions a flock of about 1000 birds being near Skipton for two years. Also recorded in the Mt Cole Block (Wheeler and Thomas 1975), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and on Barunah Plains near Wingeel (Wheeler W. R. 1954). HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land. INFORMATION SOURCES. R4; Т6; W5; W27; W30; W31. Neophema elegans. Elegant Parrot. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Rare and widespread. Apparently this species has de- clined in numbers in the survey area because Robinson (1955) comments that in 1886, considerable numbers of Elegant Parrots used to fly over Ascot, near Ballarat, both morning and evening. НАВІТАТ. Grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. R4; W4; W5; W31. CUCULIDAE Cuculus pallidus. Pallid Cuckoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Іп FWD survey it was recorded in the Mt Cole Block. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES, А1; C4; C8: E3161. G4; J2; M3; P2; S4; 12; T3; T6; W5; W6; W17; W20; W27; W28. Cuculus variolosus. Brush Cuckoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and widespread. In FWD survey it was recorded in the Mt Cole Block. A summer migrant to Victoria. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 85 HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. INFORMATION SOURCEs. F3; Gl; M3; T3; T4; T6; W4; W5; W6. Cuculus pyrrhophanus. Fan-tailed Cuckoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. In recent FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole and Enfield Blocks. Mainly a summer migrant to Victoria, but some over-winter here. НАвтТАТ. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas, BREEDING. It nests in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. Al; A2; A4; C4; C8; D ЕЗ Gl; M3; PZ S4 T2; T3, T6; W5; 512; W15; W17; W20; W27; W28; W29; W30. Chrysococcyx osculans. Black-eared Cuckoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and widespread. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. BREEDING. Nesting recorded near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971; RAOU nest record card). INFORMATION SOURCES. M3; R7; 12; T6; W5; W6; №27. Chrysococcyx basalis. Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. In FWD survey it was recorded in the Mt Cole and Langi Ghiran Blocks. A summer migrant to Victoria. НаАВІТАТ. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting (the foster parents being Superb Fairy-wrens) at Inver- may (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. Al; A3; A4; C8; C10; Ба СИЕ МӘ» (P22 Sd E2535 6; Was Ws W12; W15; W17; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Chrysococcyx lucidus. Shining Bronze-Cuckoo. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Іп FWD survey it was recorded in the Mt Cole Block. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort ( RAOU nest record саға). INFORMATION SOURCES, А1; А2; A3; A4; C8; C10; Fl; ЕЗ; Gl; M3; R7; Т2; T3; Т6; W5; W15; №16; W17; W27; W30. STRIGIDAE Ninox strenua. Powerful Owl. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded near Springmount, Wattle Flat, Spargo Creek, Elaine, near Lin- ton, near Beaufort, Mt Cole Forest and at McDonald Park west of Ararat (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 11/1/75). Also in the Langi Ghiran Block (Mammal Survey Group F.N.C.V. 1974), near Creswick (FWD sur- vey) and in the Wombat Forest (Thomas pers. comm. ). НАВІТАТ. Tall open-forest and open-forest. BREEDING. It nests near Beaufort. INFORMATION SOURCES, A2; Cl; ЕЗ; СІ; МІ; М3; R7; Т2; Тб; №5; W6. Ninox novaeseelandiae. Southern Boobook, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. In FWD survey it was seen in the Mt Cole Block. HanirTAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and trees remaining in grasslands. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C2; C4; C8; C10; ЕЗ; Gl; М3; P2; R9; Тб; W5; W10; W27; W30. Ninox connivens. Barking Owl. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; three records from the Enfield Block over the past 50 years (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Woodland and grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES. 16; W4; W5. TYTONIDAE Tyto alba. Barn Owl. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland. 86 ^. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Waubra Junc- tion, Buln Gherin, Dowling and Scarsdale (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES, C2; C8; M3; P2; T6; W4; W5; W21; W27. PODARGIDAE Podargus strigoides. Tawny Frogmouth. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Іп FWD survey it was re- corded in the Enfield Block. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland remaining in grassland areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Streatham (Anon. 1975), near Beaufort (RAOU nest record cards) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES, A3; C2; C8; C10; F3; Gl; Ml; M3; R7; R9; T6; W5; W6; W15; W17; W27. and trees Aegotheles cristatus. Australian Owlet-nightjar. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncommon and widespread. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Enfield Block. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Linton, Lal Lal Falls, Snake Valley, Mt Cole, Enfield, Waterloo and near Beaufort. INFORMATION SOURCES, A2: F1; ЕЗ; Gl; M3; P2; R7; T6; W4; W5; W6; W27. CAPRIMULGIDAE Caprimulgus mystacalis. White-throated Nightjar. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; the one record for the survey area is an injured bird found SE of the Creswick Forest at Glen- park (Thomas pers. comm.; Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 23/1 1/74). Caprimulgus guttatus. Spotted Nightjar. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; recorded from Enfield Forest (Thomas pers. comm.; Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 26/5/73) and Invermay (Wheeler unpublished data). APODIDAE Hirundapus caudacutus. White-throated Needletail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. А summer migrant to Victoria. НАВІТАТ. An aerial species which flies over all habitats. BREEDING. It nests in Asia and Japan. INFORMATION SOURCES. B6; C8; F3; Gl; P2; 57; T6; W5; W27. Apus pacificus. Fork-tailed Swift. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and widespread. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. An aerial species which flies over all habitats. BREEDING. It nests in Asia and Japan. INFORMATION SOURCES. B6; G1; T6; №5. ALCEDINIDAE Сеух azureus. Azure Kingfisher. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Mena Park Swamps in 1965 and at Ballarat in 1953 (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. W4; W5; W6. Dacelo novaeguineae. Laughing Kookaburra. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in all seven of the Crown Land Blocks (Fig. 1) that were surveyed. НАВІТАТ. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. À2; A4; C8; C10; F3; Gl; 11; J2; КІ; МІ; M3; P2; R7; Е9 937545 57; T2; T3; T6; W5; W7; W8; W10; WI11; W12; W13; W14; №15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Halcyon pyrrhopygia. Red-backed Kingfisher. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; one recorded at Invermay near Ballarat in November of 1977 (Grant 1978). Halcyon sancta. Sacred Kingfisher. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. A summer migrant to Victoria. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland, trees re- maining in grassland areas and aquatic. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 87 BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Creswick (Cowley 1971), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973), near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971) and at Lake Wendouree and Linton (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. А4; C4; C8; C10; ЕЗ; Gl; M3; P2; T2; T3; T6; W4; W5; W20; W27; W28. MEROPIDAE Merops ornatus. Rainbow Bee-eater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. A summer migrant to Vic- toria. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Langi Ghiran and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Skipton, Snake Valley, in the Inverleigh District, along the Creswick-Clunes Road and near Linton. INFORMATION SOURCES. A3; A4; C4; C8; F1; ЕЗ; Gl; T2; T3; T6; W4; W5; W6; W27; W30. CORACIIDAE Eurystomus orientalis. Dollarbird. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; a pair seen at Ercildoune in 1915 and one or two seen at Trawalla in 1953 and 1958 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 9/9/67 and 1/2/69). ALAUDIDAE Mirafra javanica. Singing Bushlark. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare, possibly nomadic (Thomas pers. comm.). Recorded near Streatham in 1966 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 22/1/66), near Beaufort in 1956 (Russell 1957) and at Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Crop and grass land. INFORMATION SOURCES. R9; T6; W4; W5; W6. Alauda arvensis. Skylark. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. An introduced species. HABITAT. Crop and grass land. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. Bl; C8; M4; R9; ТІ; T6; W5; W8; W11; WI2; W13; W14; WIS; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. HIRUNDINIDAE Hirundo neoxena. Welcome Swallow. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines, grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C8; D1; ЕЗ; Gl; Jl; J2; M3; М4; P2; R7; R93; 53; 54; 57; T2; T3; Тб; W4; W5; W7; W8; W10; ХУІІ; WI2; W13; УУ14; W15; W16; W17; W20; W24; W27; W28; W29; W30. Cecropis nigricans. Ттее Martin. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Langi Ghiran and Inverleigh Blocks. НАВІТАТ. Woodland, grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Lake Gold- smith (RAOU nest record card), in the Inver- leigh District (Wheeler 1973), in the Creswick District (Cowley 1960a) and at Beaufort Lake and Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C8; F3; Gl; 54; T3; T6; W4; W5; W16; W27; W29. Cecropis ariel. Fairy Martin. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Inverleigh Block. HanBiTAT. Woodland, grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; G1; J2; M3; P2; R7; S7; T6; W4, W5; W14; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29. MOTACILLIDAE Anthus novaeseelandiae. Richard’s Pipit. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Crop and grass land. 88 A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the inverleigh District (Wheeler 1972). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; ЕЗ; СІ; М4; P2; R9; 53; S7; T6; W5; W6; W8; W11; WI2; WI4; W15; W17; W20; W21; W27: W28; W29; W31. CAMPEPHAGIDAE Coracina novaehollandiae. Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Creswick, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. НАВІТАТ, Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (RAOU nest record cards; Millar and Tiley 1971), in the Creswick District (Cowley 1960a) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 19737: INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; А4; C4; C8; C10: ЕЗ; СІ; КІ; M3; P2; R7; R9; S4; T2; T3; Т6; W5; W13; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Coracina papuensis. White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Langi Ghiran and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. BREEDING. Reported nesting near Beaufort (Thomas pers. comm.; Millar and Tiley 1971) and at Clunes (just north of the survey area) (Thomas pers. comm. ). INFORMATION SOURCES. F3; M3; T6; W5; W27. Lalage sueurii. White-winged Triller. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and trees remaining in grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Dean, Lake Wendouree, Invermay, Beaufort, Buln Gherin, Snake Valley and Linton (Wheeler unpub- lished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C4; C8; Fl; СІ; M3; P2; T3; T6; W4; W5; W27. MUSCICAPIDAE Zoothera dauma. White's Thrush. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; recorded at Creswick (including the recent FWD survey), in the Mt Cole and Langi Ghiran Blocks, at Ballarat and in the Inver- leigh District. НАВІТАТ. Tall open-forest, open-forest and introduced pines. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Creswick (Cowley 1960; Wheeler J. В, 1954; Wheeler 1955d), in the Mt Cole Block (Wheeler and Thomas 1975), in the Langi Ghiran (— Mt Mistake) Block (Hill 1907) and at Ballarat (Wheeler 19552). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3 G1 H2 PX T4; Т6; W5; W9; W10; W13; W14; W27; W28; W30. Turdus merula. Common Blackbird. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Creswick and Inverleigh Blocks. An introduced species. HanBiTAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, intro- duced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Creswick District (Cowley 19602), in the Mt Cole Block (Wheeler 1957a), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and at Ballarat (Johnson 1955b). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; А4; Bl; C8; D1; ЕЗ; СІ; J1; 72; R9; S3; 54; ТІ; T3; T6; WS: W7; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Turdus philomelos. Song Thrush. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Ballarat (Johnson 1955a) and Ararat СТагг 1950). An introduced species. HABITAT. Suburban. INFORMATION SOURCES. J1; T1; WS. Petroica rosea. Rose Robin. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; between 1954 and 1976 it was recorded at Ballarat (Botanic Gardens and Lake Wendouree), Lal Lal, Creswick, Mt Clear, Inverleigh and Tra- walla (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 7/2/76). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 89 HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest and suburban areas. INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W5; W6; W27. Petroica rodinogaster. Pink Robin. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HaBiTAT. Tall open-forest and introduced pines. BREEDING, An old nesting record exists for White Swan Reservoir (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C7; C8; Gl; T6; W4; WS; W10; W12; W13; W16; W27. Petroica phoenicea. Flame Robin. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread during winter. Numbers decline during summer with some adults remaining in the dense forests in the Mt Cole and Creswick Blocks. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Mt Cole Block. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Creswick Block (Cowley 1960a and 1960b) and in the Mt Cole Block (RAOU nest record cards; Geelong F.N.C. and Western Victoria F.N.C.A. 1972). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C7; C8; C9; ЕЗ; G1; J2; МІ; M3; P2; R7; S3; T6; W5; W8; W12; №13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30; W31. Petroica multicolor. Scarlet Robin. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. HaBiTAT. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971), near Creswick (Cow- ley 1971) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C7; C8; C10; ЕЗ; СІ; J1; КІ; M3; P2; R9; 53; S4; Т2; ТЗ; T4; T6; №5; W8; W10; W11; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W27, W29; W30. Petroica goodenovii. Red-capped Robin. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded during summer at Creswick (Payne 1931), near Linton (Wheeler unpublished data), Lake Wendouree in Ballarat (Thomas 1973) and a pair noted at Piggoreet in 1964 by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 28/3/69). HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. INFORMATION SOURCES. P2; T4; T6; W4; W5; W6. Melanodryas cucullata. Hooded Robin. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Ararat Block. НАВІТАТ. Woodland and grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near (RAOU nest record cards). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; ЕЗ; M3; R7; T2; T3; T6; W5; W6; W16; W27; W29. Linton Eopsaltria australis. Eastern Yellow Robin. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and introduced pines. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A3; A4; C4; C8; ЕЗ; СІ; МІ; M3; P2; R7; 53; S4; Т2; T3; T6; WS; W12; W13; W14; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Microeca leucophaea. Jacky Winter. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and near Linton (Thomas 1970; Anon. 1975). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A3; A4; C4; F3; 90 А. M. GILMORE, №. B. EMISON and J. В. WHEELER Gl; КІ; M3; S3; S4; T2; T3; Тб; №5; W8; WII; WI2; WI5; W16; W27; W28; W29; W30. Falcunculus frontatus. Crested Shrike-tit. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in all seven blocks of Crown Land that we surveyed. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland areas where trees remain. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and near Beaufort (RAOU nest record card; Millar and Tiley 1971). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C4; C8; C10; ЕЗ; СІ; МІ; M3; P2; R7; S3; 54; T2; T3; T6; WS5; W8; W13; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Pachycephala olivacea. Olive Whistler. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded from the Wombat Forest which is on the north- east boundary of the survey area (Thomas pers. comm.) and Spargo Creek (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Tall open-forest. INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W4; №5. Pachycephala pectoralis. Golden Whistler. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Creswick area (Cowley 1960а), іп the Mt Cole Block (FWD survey), near Linton (RAOU nest record card) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. А1 A2; A4; C4; C8; ЕЗ; GI; 11; J2; КІ; M3; P2; R7; R9; S3; S4; T2; T3; T6; W5; W12; W14; W15; W16; W20; W27; W28; W29; W30; W31. Pachycephala rufiventris. Rufous Whistler. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran (nesting) and Enfield Blocks. Mainly seen during spring and summer. HanrrAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A4; C4; C8; F3; Gl; J2; M3; P2; R7: R9; T2; T3; T6; №5; W20; W27; W28; W29; W30. Colluricincla harmonica. Grey Shrike-thrush. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in all seven Crown Land Blocks that we surveyed. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. À common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION sources. А1; A2; А4; B3; C8; ЕЗ; G1; J1; J2; КІ; МІ; M3; P2; R7; S3; S4; T2; T3 T6; W5; W8; W10; W11; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Myiagra rubecula. Leaden Flycatcher. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Mt Cole, near Linton, near Creswick and at Invermay (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 2/1/71). A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Invermay ‘many years ago’ (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 2/1/71). INFORMATION SOURCES. W5; W6. Myiagra cyanoleuca. Satin Flycatcher. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Mt Cole Block. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (RAOU nest record card; Millar and Tiley 1971), at Mt Cole (Wheeler and Thomas 1975), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 91 1973), in the Creswick area (Cowley 1971) and near Linton (Thomas 1970). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A3; A4; C4; C8; C10; ЕЗ; G1; M3; R7; T2; T3; T6; W5; W6; W27; W28; W29. Myiagra inquieta. Restless Flycatcher. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT, Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. Al; A2; A4; C8; F3; K1; M3; M4; P2; R7; R9; S3; T2; T3; T4; Т6; W5; W8; W13; W14; W15; №16; W17; W21; W27; W29; W30; W31. Rhipidura rufifrons. Rufous Fantail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; most records are from the Mt Cole and Cres- wick Blocks. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole Block. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Tall open-forest. BREEDING. It nests in the Mt Cole Block (see information sources) and single records also exist for Ballarat (Wakefield 1963c) and Creswick (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; F8; G1; R7; T6; W2; W3; W4; W5; W28; W30. Rhipidura fuliginosa. Grey Fantail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield and Creswick Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А1; A2; A3; A4; C8; D1; F3; G1; J2; M3; P2; R7; R9; S4; S7; T2; T3; T6; W3; W5; W10; №13; №14; №15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W26; W27; W28; ҮУ30. Rhipidura leucophrys. Willie Wagtail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. НАВІТАТ. Woodland and grassland/suburban areas, BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C7; C8; ЕЗ; Gl; 11; 12; КІ; M3; M4; R7; R9; S3; S4; T2; T6; WS; W7; W8; W11; W13; W14; W15; №16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. ORTHONYCHIDAE Cinclosoma punctatum. Spotted Quail-thrush. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; most records come from the Creswick and Enfield Blocks (including sightings in both blocks during FWD survey). HABITAT. Open-forest and introduced pines. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Creswick (Cowley 1960a) and Enfield (Bedggood pers. comm.) Blocks. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; B2; C7; C8; F3; N1; T6; W5; W6. TIMALIIDAE Pomatostomus superciliosus. White-browed Babbler. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; recorded from Campbelltown by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 6/5/67), from the Ararat Block (FWD survey) and from the Ben Major- Trawalla Block (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Campbelltown in 1967 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 6/5/67). There is a general reference to nesting in the Ararat District (Lang 1932) but a precise locality is not given, INFORMATION SOURCES. F3; L2; T6; W4; WS; Wo. SYLVIIDAE Acrocephalus stentoreus. Clamorous Reed-Warbler. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Aquatic. 92 А. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Lake Wen- douree in Ballarat (RAQU nest record cards) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8: Di: B2: 12: P2: R7; R9; T6; W4; W5; W20; W21; W27; W28. Megalurus gramineus. Little Grassbird. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HaBrrAT. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Lake Wen- douree (RAOU nest record card), Flaxmill Swamp (Wheeler unpublished data) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; Gl; J2; P2: R7; T6; W4; W5; W7; W20; W27; W28. Cisticola exilis. Golden-headed Cisticola. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. НАВІТАТ. Grassland and aquatic. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Lake Gold- smith (Feather 1977-78), near Beaufort by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 11/3/67), at Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. C7; C8; Fl; T6; W4; W5; W6; W15; W27. Cinclorhamphus mathewsi. Rufous Songlark. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; recorded in the Creswick area (Payne 1931), near Beaufort (NMV specimen; Millar and Tiley 1971), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973; FWD survey) and at Lake Wendouree (Thomas pers. comm.). A summer migrant to Victoria. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land. INFORMATION SOURCES. ЕЗ; M3; P2; T6; WS; W27. Cinclorhamphus cruralis. Brown Songlark. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. A summer migrant to Victoria. HABITAT. Grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (RAOU nest record cards) and at Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; M3; М4; NI; R7; T6; W4; W5; W6; W27; W29. MALURIDAE Malurus Cyaneus. Superb Fairy-wren. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in all seven Crown Land Blocks that we surveyed. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C4; C8; ЕЗ; Gl; KI; M3; P2; R7; S3; S4; T2; T3; T4; T6; WS; W12; W13; W14; WI5; W16; W17; W20; W27; W28; W29; W30. ACANTHIZIDAE Sericornis frontalis. White-browed Scrubwren. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield and Creswick Blocks. HABITAT, Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. Al; A2; A4; C8; F3; СІ; M3; P2; R7; S4; T2; T3; T6; W5; WI2; W13; №14; W15; W20; W27; W28; W29; W30. Sericornis fuliginosus. _Calamanthus. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Streatham (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; СІ; Т6; W4; W5; W13; W17; W20; W21; W27. Sericornis sagittatus. Speckled Warbler. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and intro- duced pines. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 93 INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C4; C8; БІ; ЕЗ; M3; Т2; T3; Т6; W5; W6; W15; W16; W17; W27; W29. Smicrornis brevirostris. Weebill. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon. Recorded from just north of the survey area at Clunes (Thomas pers. comm.), near Linton (Thomas 1970), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and in the Langi Ghiran Block (FWD survey). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest and woodland. INFORMATION SOURCES. F3; T2; T6; W5; W27. Gerygone fusca. Western Gerygone. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; recorded at Waubra Junction in the 1930s by Len Harvey and at Mt Beckworth (just north of the survey area) in 197] (Wheeler unpub- lished data). Gerygone olivacea. White-throated Gerygone. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Waubra Junction and near White Swan Reservoir in the 1930s by Len Harvey and at Linton in 1957 by Gordon Clarke (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Open-forest. Acanthiza pusilla. Brown Thornbill. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. НАВІТАТ, Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C8; F3; Gl; 11; J2; M3; P2; R7; S3; S4; T2; ТЗ; Т6; W5; W7; W8; W10; W11; W12; W13; №14; W15; W16; W20; W27; W28; W29; W30. Acanthiza uropygialis. Chestnut-rumped Thornbill. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded from near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971) and from Creswick and near White Swan Reservoir (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near White Swan Reservoir (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. M3; T6; №4; WS. Acanthiza reguloides. Buff-rumped Thornbill. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest, woodland and intro- duced pines. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971), near Stockyard Hill (Wheeler 1957b), near Creswick (Cowley 1960a) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C8; F3; СІ; M3; P2; S3; T2; T3; T6; W5; W10; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; №27; W29; W30. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa. Yellow-rumped Thornbill. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Langi Ghiran Block. HABITAT. Grassland, occasionally woodland and edges of introduced pine plantations. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; ЕЗ; Gl; 11; J2; М1; M3; R7; R9; 53; 54; S7; T2; T3; T6; W5; W8; W10; W11; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; №17; W20; №21; №27; W28; W29; W30. Acanthiza nana. Yellow Thornbill. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Open-forest and trees and shrubs remaining in grasslands. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C8; G1; M3; T6; W5; W27; W28; W30. Acanthiza lineata. Striated Thornbill. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. 94 A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER НАв1ТАТ. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Creswick агеа (Cowley 1960a) and in the Ben Major- Trawalla Block (RAOU nest record card). INFORMATION SOURCES. Al; A2; A4; C8; F3; G1; M3; R7; T3; T6; W5; W10; W11; W12; W13; W15; W16; W17; W20; W27; W28; W29; W30. Aphelocephala leucopsis. Southern Whiteface. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncommon and widespread. HABITAT. Grassland. INFORMATION SOURCES, T6; W5; W6; W27; W29. NEOSITTIDAE Daphoenositta chrysoptera. Varied Sittella. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and trees remaining in grassland areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971; RAOU nest record cards) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973); INFORMATION SOURCES, А2; АЗ; A4; C8; C10; ЕЗ; СІ; КІ; МІ; M3; R7; T2; T3; T6; №5; W27. CLIMACTERIDAE Climacteris leucophaea. White-throated Treecreeper. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest and introduced pines. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971), in the Creswick area (Cowley 1971) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; А4; C7; C8; C10; ЕЗ; СІ; КІ; M3; P2; R9; S3; S4; T2; T3; T6; WS; W8; W10; W11; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; №17; W20; W27; W28; W29; W30. Climacteris erythrops. Red-browed Treecreeper. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and restricted mainly to the Wombat Forest in the Creswick Block (Thomas pers. comm.; FWD survey), although there also has been a report from the Enfield Block (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 30/4/66) which requires confirmation. HABITAT. Tall open-forest. INFORMATION SOURCES. F3; T6; W5; W6. Climacteris picumnus. Brown Treecreeper. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; ЕЗ; МІ; M3; S3; 54; T4; T6; W5; W6; W14; W16; W27; W29; W30. MELIPHAGIDAE Anthochaera carunculata. Red Wattlebird. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Langi Ghiran, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971; RAOU nest record cards) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A4; C8; DI; F3; G1; 11; 12; M3; P2; R7; R9; 53; 54; S8; T2; T3; T6; W5; W7; W8; W10; W11; W14; W15; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Anthochaera chrysoptera. Little Wattlebird. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 95 recorded at Lake Wendouree in Ballarat by Thomas (1973). HABITAT. Open-forest. INFORMATION SOURCES, T4; T6; W5. Acanthagenys rufogularis. Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Ballarat in 1974 (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 20/7/74) and at Barunah Plains near Wingeel in 1954 (Wheeler W. R. 1954). Nomadic. HABITAT. Open-forest and suburban. INFORMATION SOURCES. T6; W6; W31. Xanthomyza phrygia. Regent Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971) and at Lake Wendouree in Ballarat (Thomas 1973). HaBiTAT. Open-forest and woodland. INFORMATION SOURCES. M3; T4; T6; W5. Manorina melanocephala. Noisy Miner. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Inverleigh Block. HaBiTAT. Woodland and trees remaining in grasslands. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (RAOU nest record cards), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and in Sugar Gum plantations west of Ballarat (Wheeler unpub- lished data). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C8; ЕЗ; G1; M3; ' P2; R7; 54; S7; T6; W4; W5; W8; W13; W14; W16; W17; W21; W27; W30. Lichenostomus chrysops. Yellow-faced Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. À2; A3; A4; C4; C8; F3; G1; M3; P2; R7; S4; S8; T2; T3; T6; W5; ҮУ11; №12; W14; W15; W17; W27; W28; W29; W30. Lichenostomus virescens. Singing Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded at Skipton, Buln Gherin and Lake Goldsmith (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 17/8/68; Wheeler 1957c). HABITAT. Grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Stoneleigh in 1970 (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCEs. T6; W4; W5; W6; W17. Lichenostomus leucotis. White-eared Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded at Mt Cole, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Creswick (Cowley 1960a), in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973) and in the Ben Major- Trawalla Block (RAOU nest record card). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C8; ЕЗ; Gl; КІ; МІ; M3; P2; R7; S8; T2; T3; T6; W5; W12; W14; W16; W20; W21; W27; W30. Lichenostomus melanops. Yellow-tufted Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Langi Ghiran and Ararat Blocks. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest and woodland. INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; M3; S8; T6; W5; W29. Lichenostomus ornatus. Yellow-plumed Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental; recorded at Beaufort іп 1968 (Wheeler un- published data). Lichenostomus fuscus. Fuscous Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- 96 А. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and 7. R. WHEELER corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (RAOU nest record cards; Millar and Tiley 1971). INFORMATION SOURCES. F3; G1; M3; P2; R7; 53; Тб; W5; W16; W21; W29. Lichenostomus penicillatus. White-plumed Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Enfield, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. HaBirAT. Woodlands and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. Particularly abun- dant in River Red Gum areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971; RAOU nest record card), at Buln Gherin (Wheeler J. В. 1977) and in the Inverleigh District ( Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; F3; G1; M3; M4; R7; 53; S7; T6; W5; W13; W14; W17; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Melithreptus gularis. Black-chinned Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; recorded north of the survey area at Clunes (Thomas pers. comm.), at Lake Wendouree in Ballarat (Thomas 1973) and in the Ararat Block (FWD survey). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest and woodland. INFORMATION SOURCES. F3; T4; T6; W5. Melithreptus brevirostris. Brown-headed Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Langi Ghiran, Enfield and Cres- wick Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. INFORMATION SOURCES. А1; A2; A4; C7; C8; F3; GI; K1; M3; S7; T3; T6; W5; W27; W29; W30. Melithreptus lunatus. White-naped Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread, During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (Millar and Tiley 1971), in the Mt Cole Block (Wheeler J. R. 1977), in the Inverleigh Dis- trict (Wheeler 1973) and near Creswick (Cowley 19602). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; АЗ; A4; C4; C8; ЕЗ; СІ; M3; P2; S3; S4; T2; T3; Т6; W5; W8; W12; W13; W14; W15; W17; W27; W28; W29; W30. Grantiella picta. Painted Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; recorded from Linton, Piggoreet and near Beaufort. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and trees remaining in grasslands. BREEDING. It has nested near Linton (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 24/3/13) and near Beau- fort (RAOU nest record card). INFORMATION SOURCES. АЗ; Fl; R7; T2; T6; W5; Wo. Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera. Crescent Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon; recorded mainly at Mt Cole (including FWD survey) with occasional sightings at Creswick (Cowley 1960a), near Beaufort (Wheeler 1953b and 1955b) and' Enfield (Strange 1966). HaBrrAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest and occasionally suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Mt Cole Block (RAOU nest record cards). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; СІ; R7; 58; T6; W5; W8; W11; W28; W30. Phylidonyris novaehollandiae. New Holland Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Langi Ghiran, Enfield and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and occasion- ally suburban gardens. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 97 BREEDING. It nests in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. Al; A2; A4; C8; F3; G1; M3; S8; T3; T6; W5; W27; W30. Phylidonyris melanops. Tawny-crowned Honeyeater. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded in Ballarat, Skipton and at Buln Gherin (Wheeler Ballarat Courier 10/8/68 and 17/8/68; Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Suburban gardens. BREEDING. It has nested at Buln Gherin (Wheeler unpublished data). INFORMATION SOURCES, G1; T6; W4; W5; W6. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris. Eastern Spinebill. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. HaBiTAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А1; A2; A3; A4; C8; F2; ЕЗ; Gl; П; J2; M3; P2; R7; S4; S8; T3; T6; W5; W10; W14; W15; W20; W27; W28; W30. EPHTHIANURIDAE Ephthianura albifrons. | White-fronted Chat. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Mainly grassland, but occasionally recorded in introduced pines and on mud flats along margins of standing water. BREEDING. Nesting recorded at Lake Wongan (Millar and Tiley 1972-73), Lake Goldsmith (RAOU nest record card), near Beaufort (RAOU nest record cards) and in the Inver- leigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; F3; Gl; M3; M4; P2; R7; R9; S3; T6; W4; W5; W8; W11; W12; W14; №15; W17; W21; W27; W28; W29. DICAEIDAE Dicaeum hirundinaceum. Mistletoebird. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Langi Ghiran and Enfield Blocks. HABITAT, Open-forest (particularly box forest) and woodland. BREEDING. Recorded (Wheeler 1955a). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A3; A4; C4; C8; C10; ЕЗ; G1; M3; P2; T2; T3; Т6; №5; №10; W27; W30. nesting in Ballarat PARDALOTIDAE Pardalotus punctatus. Spotted Pardalote. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; A3; A4; C8; F3; СКІ MZP S37 S72: 03: T6; MS: W8; W13; W14; W15; №17; W27; W30. Pardalotus striatus. Striated Pardalote. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. À common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; АЗ; A4; C4; C8; F3; Gl; M3; P2; R7; S7; T2; T3; T6; W5; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W29; W30. ZOSTEROPIDAE Zosterops lateralis. Silvereye. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole and Enfield Blocks. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas. 98 ^. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Creswick area (Cowley 1960а). INFORMATION SOURCES. Al; A2; A4; C8; F3; G1; J2; M3; P2; R9; S8; Т6; W5; W12; W14; W16; W20; W27; W30. FRINGILLIDAE Carduelis carduelis. European Goldfinch. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. An introduced species. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Inverleigh Block. HaABrTAT. Grassland and introduced pines., BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey arca. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; A4; C8; F3; СІ; J1; J2; КІ; M3; M4; P2; R7; R9; S3; S4; T2; T3; T6; W5; W8; W10; W12; W13; W14; №15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Carduelis chloris. European Greenfinch. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. An introduced species. НАв1ТАТ. Grassland, suburban areas and intro- duced pines. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Inverleigh District ( Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. A4; C8; Gl; Jl; P2; T1; T6; W5; W8; W13; W20; W27; W29. PASSERIDAE Passer domesticus. House Sparrow. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. An introduced species. HanrrAT. Grassland and suburban. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Creswick area (Cowley 1960a) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C8; D1; F3; СІ; Jl; J2; P2; R9; T2; T3; T6; W5; W8; W11; WI2; W13; №14; W15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Passer montanus. Tree Sparrow. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; recorded in Ballarat (Wheeler unpublished data). HanrrAT, Suburban garden. PLOCEIDAE Emblema temporalis. Red-browed Firetail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield and Inverleigh (nesting) Blocks, HanBiTAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey arca. INFORMATION SOURCES. А1; A2; A4; C4; C8; F3, Gl; M3; P2; R7; S4; T2; T3; T4; T6; WS; W13; W14; W15; №27; W28; W30. Emblema guttata. Diamond Firetail. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. During FWD survey it was recorded in the Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. Навітат. Woodland and grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting near Beaufort (RAOU nest record card; Millar and Tiley 1971) and in the Inverleigh Block (FWD survey). INFORMATION SOURCES. C4; F3; G1; M3; R7; 54; T6; W5; W27. STURNIDAE Sturnus vulgaris. Common Starling. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Common and widespread. An introduced species. HABITAT. Grassland and suburban areas. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; D1; ЕЗ; СІ; J1; J2; M3; M4; P2; R7; R9; S3; S4; T5; T6; WS; W7; W8; W11; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; w30. Acridotheres tristis. Common Myna. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare; two seen in Ballarat in the 1950s (Wheeler unpublished data). HABITAT. Suburban areas. INFORMATION SOURCES. W4; W5. ORIOLIDAE Oriolus sagittatus. Olive-backed Oriole. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 99 widespread. A summer migrant to Victoria, although some winter here. During FWD sur- vey it was recorded in the Mt Cole and Inver- leigh (nesting) Blocks. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest, woodland and trees remaining in grassland/suburban areas. BREEDING. А common nesting species іп the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. C4; C8; F3; СІ; M3; R7; T2; T3; T6; W5; W6; W27. PARADISAEIDAE Ptilonorhynchus violaceus. Satin Bowerbird. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental. One recorded at Creswick in the 1960s by Wheeler (Ballarat Courier 11/12/65). INFORMATION SOURCES. W5; W6. CORCORACIDAE Corcorax melanorhamphos. White-winged Chough. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick and Ararat Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and, occa- sionally, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А2; C8; ЕЗ; G1; M3; R9; S4; T6; W5; W8; W12; W14; W16; W17; W27; W30. Struthidea cinerea. Apostlebird. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Accidental. Reported from Lake Goldsmith and Smythes- dale (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 27/2/71). INFORMATION SOURCES. W5; W6. GRALLINIDAE Grallina cyanoleuca. Australian Magpie-lark. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Woodland, grassland and margins of standing water. BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; B3; C8; Dl; F3; Gl; J1; J2; КІ; M3; М4; P2; R7; R9; S3; S4; S7; T2; T6; W5; W7; W8; W10; W11; W12; W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. ARTAMIDAE Artamus superciliosus. White-browed Woodswallow. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and nomadic. Recorded from the Creswick area, the Inverleigh District (including FWD survey) and at Waterloo. НАвтТАТ. Woodland and grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting at Waterloo (Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 28/4/73) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973; FWD survey). INFORMATION SOURCES. C8; F3; G1; P2; R7; T6; W5; W6; W27. Artamus cyanopterus. Dusky Woodswallow. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield and Inverleigh (nesting) Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land. BREEDING. A common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А1; A2; A4; C4; C8; C10; ЕЗ; СІ; M3; P2; R7; S4; T2; T3; T6; W5; W14; W15; W16; W17; W27; W29; W30. CRACTICIDAE Cracticus torquatus. Grey butcherbird. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncommon and widespread. HaBiTAT. Open-forest, woodland and, parti- cularly, suburban areas. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Creswick area (Cowley 1960a) and in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; D1; Gl; Jl; J2; N1; P2; T6; W5; W7; W20; W27. Gymnorhina tibicen. Australian Magpie. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- 100 corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Enfield, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines and grassland/suburban areas, BREEDING. А common nesting species in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. А1; А2; A4; C8; DI; ЕЗ; Gl; Jl; J2; МІ; M3; M4; P2; R9; 83; 54; 57; Т2; T3; T6; W5; W8; W10; W11; W12: W13; W14; W15; W16; W17; W20; W21; W27; W28; W29; W30. Strepera graculina. Pied Currawong. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and restricted to the Mt Cole area and, pos- sibly, the Wombat Forest (NE edge of survey area) during summer. More widely distributed during winter when some visit orchard pro- perties east of Ballarat each year (Thomas pers. comm.). НаАВІТАТ. Tall open-forest and open-forest during summer and grassland/orchards during winter. INFORMATION SOURCES. G1; P2; T6; W5; WII; W28. Strepera versicolor. Grey Currawong. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Mt Cole, Ben Major-Trawalla, Langi Ghiran, Enfield, Creswick, Ararat and Inverleigh Blocks, HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. Recorded nesting in the Creswick area (Cowley 1960a). INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C7; C8; ЕЗ; Gl: Jl; M3; P2; S4; T6; W5; W8; W10; №11; W12; W13; W14; WI5; W20; W27; W29; W30. CORVIDAE Corvus coronoides. Australian Raven. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. During FWD survey it was re- corded in the Ararat Block. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland, introduced pines and grassland. BREEDING. It nests in the survey area. INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; C8; ЕЗ; СІ; МІ; M3; P2; R7; T3; T6; W5; W27; W30. ^. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER Corvus mellori. Little Raven, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Hagrat. Woodland and grassland. BREEDING. It nests in the Inverleigh District (Wheeler 1973), INFORMATION SOURCES. A2; F3; Gl; M3; T6; W5; W27; W28; W30. Appendix 3 Annotated list of reptiles in the Ballarat area CHELIDAE Chelodina longicollis. Long-necked Tortoise. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Reported from the Hopkins River and Mt Emu Creck although no specimens are available (Clements pers. comm. ). HABITAT. Aquatic. GEKKONIDAE Phyllodactylus marmoratus. Marbled Gecko. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Only recorded from the northern portion of the survey area. Recorded from Ararat, Mt Langi Ghiran, Elm- hurst, 3 km NNE of Ben Nevis, 4 km S of Ben Nevis, 2 km S of Victoria Mill Scenic Reserve, Wallaby Caves——1 km W of Mt Buangor (FWD survey; NMV specimens). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest and woodland, found beneath exfoliating granite or beneath bark on stumps, in areas with a NW aspect. Underwoodisaurus milii. Thick-tailed Gecko. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted to the northern portion of the survey area. Re- corded from 3 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran and Wallaby Caves—1 km W of Mt Buangor (FWD survey). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest and woodland where granite outcrops, on slopes with a NW aspect. PYGOPODIDAE Delma impar. . Spinifex Lizard. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. There is only one record from Westmere (NMV specimen) but records from localities surrounding the survey area suggest that the species is wide- spread throughout the basalt plains. HABITAT. Grassland, VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 101 AGAMIDAE Amphibolurus muricatus. Jacky Lizard. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread. Recorded from 3 km W of Mt Langi Ghiran, 3 km SSW of Ben Nevis, 3 km W of Enfield, Berringa, Wallaby Caves—1 km W of Mt Buangor and 2 km NW of Inverleigh (FWD survey ). HABITAT. Open-forest quently beneath dry logs. SCINCIDAE Ctenotus robustus. Large Striped Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Restricted to the NW of the survey area where it is un- common. Recorded from 3 km NNE of Ben Nevis (FWD survey) and 11 km WNW of Buangor (NMV specimen). HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland; it shelters beneath rocks in areas with a NW aspect. and woodland, fre- Egernia cunninghami. Cunningham’s Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and re- stricted to the area called Devil's Kitchen near Piggoreet (FWD survey). HABITAT. Large basalt outcrops in grassland. Egernia saxatilis. Black Rock Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and restricted to higher altitudes in the north of the survey area. Recorded from 2 km NW of Mt Cole, 2 km NW of Mt Buangor, 4 km S of Ben Nevis, 2 km S of Victoria Mill Re- serve and Wallaby Caves—1 km W of Mt Buangor (FWD survey; NMV specimens). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest with large reck outcrops. White's Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from 0:5 km N of Mt Langi Ghiran, Ararat, Beaufort, Ben Nevis Tower, 4 km S of Ben Nevis, 1 km W of Little Hard Hills, 11 km SW of Cape Clear and Wallaby Caves—1 km W of Mt Buangor (FWD survey; NMV specimens). HABITAT. Open-forest and grassland; it shelters in burrows or beneath rocks. Hemiergis decresiensis. Three-toed Skink, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common 1n the NW of the survey area. Recorded from Egernia уйі. Ben Nevis Tower, 3 km S of Ben Nevis, 4 km S of Ben Nevis, 3 km NNE of Ben Nevis, 7 km NW of Lookout Hill, 2 km NW of Mt Buangor, 5 km SW of Ben Major, 5 km SSW of Ben Major, 5 km NE of Waterloo, Wallaby Сауе5--! km W of Mt Buangor and 5 km S of Elmhurst (FWD survey; NMV specimens). HABITAT. Open-forest with sparse ground cover, found beneath rocks or logs embedded in the soil. Lampropholis guichenoti. Garden Skink, ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Widespread. Recorded from 10 km NNE of Ararat, 2 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran, Ben Nevis, 1:5 km W of Mt Buangor, 5 km SSW of Ben Major, 3 km W of Enfield, 7 km SSW of Scarsdale and | km N of Barkstead (FWD survey; NMV specimens). HaBITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest, where it forages amongst litter. Leiolopisma coventryi. Coventry's Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Restricted to higher altitudes in the northern part of the survey area where it is uncommon. Recorded from 14:5 km S of Elmhurst, Raglan, 2 km E of Creswick, 3 km W of Spargo Creek, 1 km N of Barkstead and Koorweinguboorah Reser- voir (FWD survey; NMV specimens). HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest; retreats to within decomposing logs. Leiolopisma entrecasteauxii. Grass Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Widespread and common. Recorded from 2 km N of Mt Cole, Ben Nevis Tower, 3 km S of Ben Nevis, summit of Cave Hill, 1 km S of Mt Langi Ghiran, 3 km W of Enfield, Koorweinguboorah Reservoir, 3 km W of Spargo, 1 km N of Barkstead and 11 km SW of Cape Clear (FWD survey). HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and grassland. Shelters within decom- posing logs and beneath rocks. Leiolopisma trilineata. Three-lined Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Recorded from 3 km W of Mt Langi Ghiran, 5 km SSW of Ben Major, 2:5 km S of Beaufort, Raglan, Skipton and 102 Devil's Kitchen near Piggoreet (FWD survey; ММУ specimens). HaBiTAT. Woodland, grassland and clearings in open-forest. Lerista bougainvillii. Bougainville's Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Recorded from Ballarat, Ben Nevis Tower, 2 km S of Victoria Mill Reserve, Wallaby Caves—1 km W of Mt Buangor and 3 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran (FWD survey; ММУ specimens). HaBiTAT. Woodland and open-forest beneath rocks embedded in soil. Pseudemoia spenceri. Spencer's Skink. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare and re- stricted to higher altitudes. Recorded from Ben Nevis Tower (FWD survey) and Gilling- ham Road Raglan (NMV specimen ). HABITAT, Open-forest, where it lives in shrink- age gaps in dead trees or beneath granite ex- foliations. Sphenomorphus tympanum. Southern Water Skink (this is the “Cool Temperate" form of Rawlinson 1971). ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common, re- stricted to higher altitudes in the north and east of the survey area, Recorded from 0:5 km N of Mt Langi Ghiran, 2 km N of Mt Cole, 3 km S of Ben Nevis, The Glut, Lookout Hill, 2 km NW of Mt Buangor, 3 km W of Spargo, Gillingham Road Raglan and 1 km W of Little Hard Hills (FWD survey; NMV specimens). HaBiTAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest; it shelters within decomposing logs and beneath rocks. Tiliqua nigrolutea. Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon but probably widespread in the north and east of the survey area. Recorded from Piggoreet (White pers. comm.). HABITAT. Open-forest. Tiliqua scincoides. Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon but probably widespread in the survey area. A. M. GILMORE, W. B. EMISON and J. R. WHEELER Recorded from 11 km SW of Cape Clear ( FWD survey). HABITAT. Grassland; it shelters beneath basalt boulders. Trachydosaurus rugosus. Shingle-back. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and restricted to the NW of the survey area. Recorded from Mt Langi Ghiran, 2 km SW of Mt Buangor, Raglan, Elmhurst and 3 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran (FWD survey; NMV specimens). Habitat. Woodland and open-forest. ELAPIDAE Austrelaps superba. Copperhead. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION, Uncommon and widespread. Recorded from 4 km S of Ben Nevis, 16 km NW of Ballarat, 8 km ENE of Cape Clear and Piggoreet (FWD survey; ММУ specimens). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest and pasture with scat- tered trees. Drysdalia coronoides. White-lipped Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and restricted to higher altitudes in the northern part of the survey area. Recorded from 1 km NW of Mt Buangor (FWD survey) and Bun- garee (NMV specimen). HABITAT. Open-forest. Notechis scutatus. Eastern Tiger Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and widespread. Recorded from the Fern Tree Falls-Mt Cole Forest Park, 2 km NNW of Mt Cole, S of Raglan, 2 km ESE of Beaufort and Devil's Kitchen near Piggoreet (FWD survey). HABITAT. Open-forest. Pseudechis porphyriacus. Red-bellied Black Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Rare but apparently widespread in the north of the survey area. Recorded from Elmhurst, 7 km E of Elmhurst, 4 km S of Elmhurst and Devil's Kitchen near Piggoreet (FWD survey; Wheeler in Ballarat Courier 13/4/63). HaBiTAT. Open-forest, usually near water. Pseudonaja textilis. Eastern Brown Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Common and VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE BALLARAT AREA, VICTORIA 103 widespread. Recorded from 3 km SSW of Mt Langi Ghiran, 3 km S of Ben Nevis, 1 km S of Mt Buangor and at Lake Bolac (FWD survey). HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land. Unechis flagellum. Little Whip Snake. ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. Uncommon and widespread. Recorded from Ararat, Mt Langi Ghiran, 2 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran, 0-5 km N of Mt Langi Ghiran, 3 km NNE of Ben Nevis, Stockyard Hill, 3 km NW of Mt Langi Ghiran and Inverleigh Common (FWD survey; NMV specimens; King 1976). НАВІТАТ. Open-forest, woodland and grass- land; usually found beneath rocks. Explanation of Plates PLATES ]—Pasture land in the basalt plains with Lake Burrumbeet in the background. Fig. 2—Tall open-forest in the Mt Cole Block. Fig. PLATE 4 Fig. 3—Open-forest in the Ben Major-Trawalla Block. Fig. 4—Feather-tailed Glider. This small arboreal mammal is widespread in the Ballarat area. MEM. NAT. MUS. VICT. 40 PLATE 3 à dei ав Sie abi ди M NAT. MUS. VICT. 40 PLATE 4 MEM. "IGURE 3 FIGURE 4 VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA By К. C. Norris, А. M. GiL MORE and P. W. MENKHORST Fisheries and Wildlife Division, Ministry for Conservation, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 Abstract | The South Gippsland area of eastern Victoria is the most southerly part of the Australian mainland and is contained within the Bassian zoogeographic subregion. The survey area contains most Bassian environments, including ranges, river flats, swamps, coastal plains, mountainous promontories and continental islands. The area was settled in the mid 1800s and much of the native vegetation was cleared for farming. The status (both present and historical) of 375 vertebrate taxa, 50 mammals, 285 birds, 25 reptiles and 15 amphibians is discussed in terms of distribution, habitat and abundance. As a result of European settlement, 4 mammal species are now extinct and several bird species are extinct or rare. Wildlife populations in the area now appear relatively stable and are catered for by six National Parks and Wildlife Reserves. Introduction Surveys of wildlife are being conducted by the Fisheries and Wildlife Division of the Ministry for Conservation as part of the Land Conservation Council's review of the use of Crown Land in Victoria. In this paper we present data on the distri- bution and habitat requirements of vertebrate species in the South Gippsland area of Vic- toria. Field work (February to June 1977) was concentrated on public land although all incidental observations on private land were recorded and are included here. To this we have added results of earlier surveys (e.g. Seebeck et al. 1968), observations by both amateur and professional naturalists in fre- quently visited areas (e.g. Wilsons Promon- tory) and specimen records from the National Museum of Victoria (NMV) and Fisheries and Wildlife Division of Victoria (FWD). Survey Area The northern boundary of the survey area can be approximated by straight lines drawn from Wonthaggi to Traralgon and Traralgon to Seaspray. The coastline forms the southern boundary of the mainland survey area. The area also includes islands of the Snake Island- St Margaret Island group, Corner Inlet islands, Seal Islands, and islands off Wilsons Promon- tory to the Victorian State boundary north of Kanowna Island (Fig. 1). This survey area approximates the Land Conservation Council’s South Gippsland 2 Study Area. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 105 No. 40, July 1979. TOPOGRAPHY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY (see Hills 1967; and Central Planning Authority 1968) The north and central portions of the area are dominated by the South Gippsland High- lands (Strzelecki Range) which is an eroded, rounded range of uplifted Mesozoic sand- stones and mudstones rising to 730 m. Around the coast are a succession of plains. The Cape Paterson Plains and Tarwin Low- lands are both down-warped fault blocks of Lower Cretaceous origin covered with sand, clay and gravel deposits which give the plains an irregular but low relief. The Alberton Low- lands inland from Port Albert is an emerged coastal plain of low elevation and low relief covered with Quarternary sediments, This grades eastward into the East Gippsland plains which have a higher relief of fluviatile sands and gravels overlaying Cainozoic sediments. The Gippsland Plains extend around the north of the South Gippsland Highlands and contain the La Trobe River valley. There are three coastal prominences: Cape Paterson is an extension of the Cape Paterson Plains; Cape Liptrap is an area of resistant Palaeozoic rocks and forming cliffs up to 75 m at the coast but slopes down as an undulating plateau further inland; and Wilsons Promon- tory, which was a granitic island but is now linked to the mainland by an accumulation of sand known as the Yanakie tie bar and forms a rugged mountainous promontory rising to 760 m. The continental islands near Wilsons Promontory are also granitic and are of similar origin. The low-level islands in the Snake 106 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST ЖЛ National Parks апа E3 Wildlife Reserves -—J съ rin © Wonthaggi Zi CORNER Саре Liptrap GLENNIE GROUP | ^ ANSER y GROUP. 8 VICTORIA 146°30' BASS STRAIT “ә SEAL ISLANDS TASMANIA Figure: 1—Survey area, South Gippsland. Island - St Margaret Island group are due mainly to a recent submergence of a flat coastal plain although some islands have been formed recently by successional sand build-up on river bars (Turner et al. 1962). The coast in this area is dynamic both in the short-term through erosion-deposition cycles and in the long-term through glacial eustatic changes in sea-level. Wilsons Promon- tory is the northern-most eminence of the Bassian Rise—the submarine ridge that peri- odically links Tasmania and the mainland. о Rodondo Island The link last broke between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago (Jennings 1971). CLIMATE (see Central Planning Authority 1968) Temperatures follow a typical summer maximum and winter minimum pattern. Tem- peratures reach, but seldom exceed, 38°C during summer and monthly minima are as low as 2°C in winter with cold ‘snap’ condi- tions, usually of short duration, reaching below zero. Both these extremes are ameli- orated near the coast. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA Average annual rainfall is as low as 530 mm in the east at Seaspray and more than 1270 mm at Balook in the South Gippsland High- lands. Rainfall is highest in the two major mountain areas, the South Gippsland High- lands and Wilsons Promontory. Winter is the wettest season and summer the driest. Maxi- mum rainfall in the three summer months is 250 mm in the South Gippsland Highlands and in winter is more than 380 mm in the South Gippsland Highlands апа Wilsons Promontory. DRAINAGE Drainage is typically exorheic (Williams 1967) into the Southern Ocean: via the La Trobe River to the Gippsland Lakes which are northeast of the study area; directly to the sea via several river systems (e.g. Tarwin, Agnes, Albert and Tarra rivers) to the south; and by Merrimans Creek to the sea in the east. Wilsons Promontory is drained by numerous creeks draining into the sea either directly or via estuarine swamps. There are no large natural lakes, and the Hazelwood Power Station cooling pond is the only large fresh- water impoundment. HISTORY AND LAND USE The first documented European contact with South Gippsland was by Bass and Flinders in 1798 when the area was occupied by the Brataualong clan of the Gippsland based Kurnai Aboriginal tribe. Aboriginal use of the area was mainly restricted to the coast and major rivers (Daley 1960). Sealing and whaling flourished for 40 years from Sealers Cove on Wilsons Promontory until the 1840s (Lennon 1974). Farming radiated from Port Albert and along the La Trobe River around Traral- gon in the 1840s and 1850s and selection and clearing of the South Gippsland Highlands began in the 1870s (Daley 1960). The plains and river flats have been farmed successfully since, but the South Gippsland Highlands farmland deteriorated because of the Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), Austral Bracken (Pteridium esculentum) апа Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus). Reforestation of the 107 Highlands started in 1946 with softwood plan- tations, mainly of Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata), and hardwood plantations, mainly of Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) (Noble undated ). HABITATS The physical and biotic environment is divided into 10 recognizable but arbitrary habitat types. Tables 1-3 list the 10 habitats and the vertebrate species they support. The terminology for terrestrial vegetation com- munities is similar to that used in the Land Conservation Council Reports on adjacent study areas (LCC 1972; 1973). 1. Ocean. Неге are included the open pelagic water of Bass Strait, coastal beaches and islands around Wilsons Promontory. Our survey of this area remained within Victorian State boundaries, that is north of Kanowna Island. 2. Estuaries and tidal flats. The survey area features a prominent littoral zone of mud and sand flats best developed in the Corner Inlet- Port Albert area but also including Andersons Inlet and Shallow Inlet west of Wilsons Promontory. 3. Freshwater. This category includes streams, swamps, lakes and farm dams. Streams have a typical ontogeny of fast-flowing lotic waters in the ranges of the South Gippsland High- lands and Wilsons Promontory to slow moving meandering lentic waters on the flats. Lentic stages of streams are present and well de- veloped around the South Gippsland High- lands, but are short or absent on the more precipitous Wilsons Promontory. Freshwater swamps are best developed in the La Trobe Valley, in the heath communities on Wilsons Promontory, in the swales of old dune development in the Mullungdung Forest and associated with lentic streams near the sea. Farming has resulted in a proliferation of small freshwater farm dams that offer a valu- able wildlife environment. 4. Tall open-forest. This is the tallest vegeta- tion community and is restricted to the wet mountain areas and lowland gullies of the 108 South Gippsland Highlands and Wilsons Pro- montory. The dominant eucalypts include Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans), Mess- mate (E. obliqua), Mountain Grey Gum (E. cypellocarpa) and Blue Gum (E. st-johnii). Typical understorey small trees include Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata) and Blackwood (A. melanoxylon). Tall shrubs include Blanket Leaf (Bedfordia salicina), Musk Daisy Bush (Olearia argophylla), Christmas Bush (Pros- tanthera — lasianthos), | Southern Sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum), Austral Mul- berry (Hedycarya angustifolia), Soft Tree Fern (Dicksonia antarctica) and Rough Tree Fern (Cyathea australis). Low shrubs include Fishbone Water-fern (Blechnum nudum), Mother Shield Fern (Polystichum proliferum), Scrub Nettle (Urtica incisa) and Tall Sword- sedge (Lepidosperma elatius). Much of the tall open-forest in ће South Gippsland Highlands has been felled for timber and the land cleared for farming. The Forests Commission of Victoria and paper mill companies are reforesting some areas with a quasi-original forest form. These new forests lack the original forest’s species and structural diversity. Large areas of overgrown farmland that originally supported tall open-forest now sup- port dense stands of Silver Wattle, Hazel Pomaderris (Pomaderris aspera) and Shiny Cassinia (Cassinia longifolia). 5. Open-forest. This category which includes the foothill forests of the South Gippsland Highlands and Wilsons Promontory, lacks both the height of tall open-forest and the latter’s understorey and density. Typical canopy euca- lypts are White Stringybark (E. globoidea), Yellow Stringybark (E. muellerana), Mess- mate, Narrow-leafed Peppermint (E. radiata) and Blue Gum. The sparse understorey has Silver Wattle, Common Cassinia ( Cassinia aculeata), Shiny Cassinia and Prickly Currant Bush (Coprosma quadrifida). The low shrub layer contains Austral Bracken (Pteridium esculentum), Thatch Saw Sedge (Gahnia radula) and Tussock Grass (Poa australis). 6. Woodland. Тһе woodland form is associ- ated with low rainfall, often sandy substrate K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST areas near the coast, on Wilsons Promontory and on the Tertiary sediments of the Mullung- dung Forest. Common eucalypt species are Manna Gum (Е, viminalis), stunted Narrow- leafed Peppermint and Messmate along the coast and Yellow Stringybark, Yertchuck (Е. consideniana) and Shining Peppermint (Е. nitida), inland with often equally prominent Saw Banksia (Banksia serrata) throughout and Coast Banksia (B. integrifolia) along the coast. Of the understorey species Black She- oak (Casuarina littoralis) is common inland and Drooping She-oak (C. stricta) and Coast Wattle ( Acacia longifolia) along the coast. Almost characteristic of the woodland type is a well-developed shrub layer of heath species including Beard Heath (Leucopogon Spp.), Austral Grass-tree (Xanthorrhoea aus- іғайв) and Heath Tea-tree (Leptospermum myrsinoides). 7. Heath. Heath in this context deals with the coastal treeless plains found extensively on Wilsons Promontory and scattered along the coastline. A description of the structure of the Tidal River vegetation by Parsons (1966) gives details of several heath types present on Wilsons Promontory. The dominant plant species in these heaths are Scrub She-oak (Casuarina paludosa), Heath Tea-tree, Scented Paper-bark (Melaleuca squarrosa), Swamp Paper-bark (M. ericifolia), Spike Wattle (Acacia oxycedrus), Sweet Wattle (A. suave- olens), Spreading Rope Rush ( Calorophus lateriflorus) апа Large-leafed Bush-pea (Pul- tenaea daphnoides) although many others are prominent under different conditions caused by fire, aspect, drainage and soil type. Heath is often found as the shrub layer of woodland throughout the study area. 8. Grassland/ Farmland. The natural occur- rence of grassland is restricted to tussock grass on the dunes of the foreshore and the wind- swept islands around Wilsons Promontory. On islands, Blue Tussock Grass (Poa poi- formis) is the dominant grass, but on the coastal dunes it is Hairy Spinifex (Spinifex hirsutus) and on the cliffs and margins of salt- marsh, Prickly Spear-grass (Stipa teretifolia). The farm grasslands аге usually closely VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA cropped by intensive grazing but are an im- portant habitat for wildlife. The quality of farmland as a wildlife habitat varies greatly according to number of trees, water availability and proximity to forests and woodlands. 9. Saltmarsh/Mangrove. Тһе upper littoral zone margins on the low-lying areas of Corner Inlet, Snake Island-St Margaret Island, Shallow Inlet and Andersons Inlet, have extensive saltmarsh and mangrove communities. The types of vegetation which are related to periodicity and duration of submergence, ex- posure, salination and substrate type, vary from dense stands of infrequently flooded Grey Glasswort (Arthrocnemum halocnemoides) and Beaded Glasswort (Salicornia quinque- flora) to the daily flooded mudflats covered, along estuaries, by White Mangrove (Avi- cennia marina). 10. Coastal scrub. The discussion of dune succession by Turner et al. (1962) details the many stages of generation involved in the coastal scrub. It includes stages from newly stabilized dunes dominated by Hairy Spinifex (Spinifex hirsutus) and introduced Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria); to stable dunes occupied by Coast Tea-tree (Leptospermum laevigatum), Seaberry Saltbush (Rhagodia baccata) and Common Boobialla (Myoporum insulare); and finally the old established vege- tation dominated by Coast Wattle, and some- times Manna Gum. Coastal scrub on dune formations is most extensive on the Yanakie tie bar and the Snake Island-St Margaret Island group, but exists as a narrow strip along the entire coastline. Methods The approach used for the survey was essen- tially that of a distribution study of all verte- brate species except whales, dolphins and fishes and a general assessment of habitat preferences. Two members of the team were responsible for collecting data on birds; two for collecting data on mammals; and one for reptiles and amphibians. All field records are in notebooks lodged at the Fisheries and Wild- life Division and specimens collected during the survey are lodged at the National Museum 109 of Victoria. Distribution data are entered on '5-minute grid maps’. The grid blocks аге bordered by latitude-longitude lines 5 minutes apart, an approach similar to the latitude- longitude grid mapping outlined by Churchill and de Corona (1972) and Brook (1976), but at a higher resolution. Grid mapping faci- litates the collection and presentation of large amounts of data on common species and also tends to spread data collection over a study area more evenly. Insufficient time was avail- able for the coverage of all 5-minute blocks but nevertheless the distribution data collected and mapped on this system represent a starting point for future work in the area. Three symbols are used on the distribution maps. A filled in or solid circle within a small (5-minute) map block indicates a reliable sighting or specimen record within that block during 1977 or 1978; a ring or hollow circle within a small map block indicates a sighting, literature or specimen record in that block predating 1977; and a large circle enclosing two or more of the map grids indicates a gen- eral historical locality record. Discretion was used in the use of these symbols in that some doubtful records have been deleted and not all general records are included. Notes for each species include the authors' impression of abundance, distribution апа habitat preference. Habitat preferences of rare species are listed from their occurrence else- where in Victoria. The most recent confirmed record is cited for mammals, reptiles and amphibians listing a specimen number and collection source if applicable. Data were collected differently for each vertebrate group. MAMMALS Trapping of mammals was carried out on 10 nights of each 12-day trip. Wire cage traps (36 cm x 20 cm x 16 cm) were used almost exclusively except for one trip to Wil- sons Promontory when 50 Elliott type A traps were also used. As many as 200 traps were set each night. The number at each trapping site varied with the area and diversity of habitats to be covered. Traps were checked and cleared each morning and were left in place for two nights. A mixture of peanut 110 butter, honey and rolled oats was used as bait. Spotlighting was carried out from a slowly moving vehicle or on foot using portable 6V spotlights. Bats were captured at dams by stretching fine steel wires just above the water surface as described by Parnaby (1976). Identification of charactertistic scats, burrows or diggings was also used as evidence of a species presence. Mammal records from Victorian research collections, the literature, and from biologists and naturalists working in the area have been compiled by the Vertebrate Department, National Museum, Victoria (Menkhorst and Mansergh 1977). These records provide a valuable historical base-line with which to compare the results of our survey. Scientific nomenclature for the native mam- mals follows Ride (1970) except for Potorous apicalis which is replaced by P. tridactylus following Johnston ( 1973). BIRDS Most of the records on the distribution maps were made by staff of the Fisheries and Wild- life Division during 1977. A literature search of a limited number of journals including the Victorian Naturalist (Victorian Nat.), Latrobe Valley Naturalist (Latrobe Valley Nat.) and Bird Observer revealed many interesting re- cords but no attempt has been made to ascer- tain their validity. Cooper (1975) deals in detail with the avian fauna of Wilsons Pro- montory and has recorded most of the species listed here. In addition, historical records pre- dating 1977 were obtained from birdlists of local naturalists. Contributors have been listed in the acknowledgements. Literature references for each species are given in the annotated list. Breeding records were obtained from all the sources mentioned above and from the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union nest record scheme. Species recorded as breeding in the survey area are designated by a “В”. The terms used to describe abundance (rare, uncommon апа common) are subjective esti- mates of the total population of each species in the whole study area. This usually, but not necessarily, reflects the ease with which a species may be seen. The scientific names fol- K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST low Condon (1975) and RAOU Checklist Amendment Committee (1978) for the non- passerines and Schodde (1975) for the passerines. Common names are those of RAOU (1978). Breeding areas of intercontinental migrants that do not breed in Australia are taken from Condon (1975). REPTILES Data collection in the field involved obser- vations and active collection of specimens. To these records were added specimen records from the National Museum, Victoria: person- al observations of competent naturalists; and a limited literature search. A literature search in the popular naturalist journals is hindered by the lack of standard common names and by the general public’s lack of knowledge of the reptile fauna. The nomenclature used for reptiles follows Cogger (1975) except for the use of the genus Lampropholis (Greer 1974); the description of Leiolopisma coventryi by Rawlinson (1975); the distinction of Egernia coventryi from Egernia luctuosa by Storr (1978); and the use of Anotis тассоуі іп place of Hemiergis тассоуі (Rawlinson pers. comm. ). Where available, common names follow Cogger (1975). For the species unnamed in Cogger we have used local common names. AMPHIBIANS Field data have been gathered from speci- mens collected and sight and breeding call records. The survey was conducted during a general low breeding intensity time of year when few species were calling. This hampered the collection of distribution data. Use.has been made here of Brook (1975) distribution maps for amphibians in Victoria. To be con- sistent with his approach, amphibian distribu- tions have been mapped on a 10-minute instead of the usual 5-minute grid. The nomen- clature and common names of amphibians used here follows Cogger (1975). Results and Discussion The 375 vertebrate species Occurring or occurring until recently in the survey area comprise 50 species of mammal, 285 species VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA of bird, 25 species of reptile and 15 species of amphibian. Details of geographic distribution and general comments on status and abund- ance are given in annotated lists ( Appendices 1-4). The mammal, bird and reptile species and the type of vegetation in which they occur are listed in Tables 1-3. The survey area lies wholly within the Bassian Zoogeographic subregion defined by Spencer (1896) and with the exception of a sub-alpine vegetation all Bassian terrestrial environment types are represented. The diver- sity of fauna reflects the range of environment types and most Bassian vertebrate species are represented. The notable exceptions, exclud- ing recent extinctions and sub-alpine fauna, are: Leadbeaters Possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), which may have been a late extinction as a specimen was recorded from the Bass River area 20 km west of the survey area about 1900; and the highland species of Copperhead (Austrelaps sp. Rawlinson pers. comm. ). Within the survey area, however, there are some interesting zoogeographic features. Wil- sons Promontory is the northernmost peak of the Bassian Rise all other peaks of which, including the Hogan Group, Kent Group and Furneaux Group, form an island chain (Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. 1973) to Tasmania down the eastern side of Bass Strait. The marked dis- similarity of fauna between Wilsons Promon-: tory and the major island groups and Tasmania is the result of climatic change, and the con- sequent invasion of southern Victoria by a number of species within the last 11,000 years (Abbott 1973*, Hope 1973, Rawlinson 1971b). The absence of several extant Tas- manian and island taxa from Wilsons Promon- tory and other mainland areas is thought to be due to post-glacial extinctions. The presence of putative Tasmanian forms in the southern Victorian fauna, e.g. Swamp Antechinus (Antechinus minimus), is thought by Wakefield and Warneke (1973) and Hope (1973) to represent a speciation-recolonization sequence * Abbotts list of birds common and widespread in southern Victoria was in general not substantiated by the present study. 111 from Tasmania to the mainland, the sibling species being Antechinus swainsonii. Other examples of speciation and recolonization, and double and triple invasions of Tasmania via (presumably) Wilsons Promontory and the Bassian Rise, are given for birds by Abbott (1973). Although Wilsons Promontory is part of the Australian mainland, its tall open-forest and open-forest communities, which superficially at least resemble the South Gippsland Highland vegetation, lack some notable vertebrate taxa. There are no substantiated records of either Greater Glider (Schoinobates volans) or Lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae), both of which are common elsewhere in South Gipps- land. In this respect, the Wilsons Promontory fauna resembles that of the insular depauperate fauna of the Otway Ranges (Emison ef al. 1975). The tall open-forest and open-forest communities of both these regions are isolated from the main Bassian forest communities of similar nature by grassy plains and low wood- land, Of the post-glacial intrusive species to reach the South Gippsland Highlands and Wilsons Promontory, two species (other than birds) have successfully colonized islands. The Bush Rat (Rattus fuscipes) occurs on Great Glennie Island, and the Southern Water Skink (Spheno- morphus tympanum) occurs on Glennie Island and three of the four islands in the Seal Group. The Corner Inlet Islands have a depauperate mammal fauna (Table 4) consisting of 2 large macropods and several exotic species which can swim or were accidentaly introduced to the islands, and a group of 4 small native mammals characteristic of coastal dune habi- tats. Koalas have also been introduced to Snake, Little Snake, Sunday and St Margaret Islands. This situation may be explained by the pattern of island evolution proposed by Turner et al. (1962). They suggest that the islands were formed in recent times by the build-up and dissection of successive coastal barriers at the SW end of the Ninety Mile Beach by tidal channels at the mouths of the Albert and Татта Rivers. А subsequent emergence then 112 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST exposed the adjacent sandflats to form sandy terraces. The original coastal barrier (dunes) pre- sumably carried habitats suitable for the 4 small native species presently occurring on the islands (Swamp Antechinus, Eastern Pygmy Possum (Cercartetus nanus), Swamp Rat (Rattus lutreolus), New Holland Mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae)) but did not support such species as the Brown Antechinus (Antechinus stuartii), Brush-tailed Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), Common Ringtail (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps) or Bush Rat which do not occur on primary dunes, Populations of the 4 dune-inhabiting species would have been isolated on the newly formed islands and have survived on some. Further surveys are neces- sary to determine the species present on most islands. Dune-inhabiting species which have not yet been recorded on the Corner Inlet islands are White-footed Dunnart (Sminthopsis leucopus) and Short-nosed Bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus). European man has had considerable impact on the native fauna. The early clearing of montane and foothill forests led to the removal of the Helmeted Honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops cassidix), Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis) and Dingo (Canis fami- liaris). The Red-bellied Pademelon (Т hylogale billardierii) has disappeared from its coastal habitat, and the Red-necked Wallaby (Mac- ropus rufogriseus) is now rare. Commercial exploitation of seals and whales from Refuge and Sealers Coves on Wilsons Promontory (Lennon 1974) depleted seals to a non-commercial level and probably contri- buted to the disappearance of the Southern Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) from Bass Strait. “Muttonbirding”, the taking of Short- tailed Shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris) nest- lings for oil and as food was widespread and intense throughout Bass Strait, and although now illegal was still in evidence on islands near Wilsons Promontory at the time of the survey (1977). Many Australian species of mammal and some birds alien to the region were introduced to Wilsons Promontory as part of a wildlife haven type philosophy in the early 1900s but only the Tasmanian Brush-tailed Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula fuliginosus ) became established. Populations of some other natu- rally occurring species, e.g. Echidna (Tachy- glossus aculeatus) were augmented from stocks of unknown origin (National Parks Service records, Kershaw 1918). These introductions have confused assessments of the original fauna. The survey area contains several exotic (non-Australian) species (Tables 1 and 23у: Some, for example Hog Deer (Axis porcinus), were deliberately introduced but most, for example Rabbit, colonized the area after intro- ductions elsewhere in Australia, Many such species are well established in farmland and some are also prevalent in native vegetation. At present, the South Gippsland Area has six public reserves that cater for flora and fauna community conservation: Morwell, Bulga, Tarra Valley and Wilsons Promontory National Parks; and Nooramunga and Jack Smiths Lake Wildlife Reserves. Sunday Island is a private co-operative reserve managed for propagation of deer but has native wildlife protection as a policy. With the exception of Wilsons Promontory and Nooramunga none of these reserves are large enough to ensure secure viable wildlife communities. The mudflats from Snake Island to St Mar- garet Island are within the limits of the Noora- munga Reserve but outside the Fisheries and Wildlife Division's jurisdiction despite the importance of the area for many species of intercontinental migrant waders. Other, as yet unprotected, feeding grounds for waders are at Andersons Inlet and Shallow Inlet, west of Wilsons Promontory. The ill-considered clear- ing and attempted farming of the South Gippsland Highlands is being redressed by replanting of native and exotic tree species for timber production. We suggest that manage- ment specifically for wildlife communities should be incorporated into the overall plans for these areas. Acknowledgements We gratefully recognize the support given by the following institutions and personnel. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA Fisheries and Wildlife Division: S. J. Cowling (Assistant Director, Wildlife) and J. K. Dempster (Officer-in-Charge, Wildlife Re- search) for financial and administrative sup- port; W. B. Emison (Leader, Wildlife Survey Unit) for administrative support, field assist- ance and organizational advice; W. M. Bren, D. B. Hespe, K. A. Cherry and S. A. Craig for field assistance; A. McShane and J. M. Marcius for draughting and laboratory support; R. Austin (Fisheries and Wildlife Officer, Yarram) for logistical support and local fauna information; A. H. Corrick, K. Bode and R. G. Gray for access to their field notes and incidental observations; and Dr D. Evans and typing staff for invaluable editorial assist- 113 on reptiles and amphibians; J. M. Dixon for comments on mammals; I. M. Mansergh and K. Menkhorst for field assistance. National Parks Service: A. Heislers for field assistance and prompt processing of research permits; A. Roadknight (Ranger, Wilsons Promontory National Park) for logistical support. Mel- bourne University: Peter Dann for comments on birds. Monash University: Dr D. Dorward for comments on birds. La Trobe University: P. A. Rawlinson and M. Hutchinson for com- ments on reptiles. Forests Commission of Victoria: R. Loyn and M. MacFarlane for generously providing their bird and mammal field data. A. J. Coventry, J. M. Dixon and A. R. McEvey, National Museum of Victoria, ance. National Museum of Victoria: A. J. read the manuscript and offered useful Coventry for field assistance and comments criticism. TABLE 1 Environmental distribution of mammals in South Gippsland Key: 1. Ocean 8. Grassland/ Farmland 2. Estuaries and Tidal Flats 9. Saltmarsh/Mangrove 3. Freshwater 10. Coastal Scrub 4. Tall open-forest X——present in habitat category | 5. Open-forest ?— formerly or possibly present in habitat cate- 6. Woodland gory 7. Heath Species Distribution of species in habitats of the following categories: 1 2 2 4 5 6 2; 8 9 10 1. Echidna X X X X X X 2. Platypus X 3. Tiger Cat ? ? 4. Quoll ? A 2 5. Tuan 2) 2 6. Brown Antechinus X X X x 7. Swainson’s Antechinus x X x x 8. Swamp Antechinus X X X 9. White-footed Dunnart X X X X 10. Short-nosed Bandicoot X X X X 11. Long-nosed Bandicoot X X X 12. Common Wombat X X X X X 13. Koala X X X 14. Brush-tailed Possum X X X 15. Bobuck X X 16. Common Ringtail X X X X X 17. Sugar Glider X X X 18. Yellow-bellied Glider ? X 19. Greater Glider X X 20. Feathertail Glider X X 21. Eastern Pygmy Possum X X X 22. aee "ina X X f - admelon 23. Red-bellied 2 d y 24. Eastern Grey Kangaroo 114 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST TABLE 1 (continued) Species Distribution of species in habitats of the following categories: 1 2) 3 4 b 6 7 8 9 10 25. Red-necked Wallaby X Ж. 26. Black Wallaby X X X X X 27. Grey-headed Fruit Bat X 28. Little Bat X X X X 29. Gould’s Wattled Bat X X X X 30. Bent-winged Bat x X X X 31. Lesser Long-eared Bat X X X X X 32. Hare** X X X X 33. Rabbit** X 2% X x X 34. Bush Rat X X X axe X 35. Black Rat** X x X X 36. Swamp Rat X X X X 37. New Holland Mouse X X 38. House Mouse** X X X X X 39. Broad-toothed Rat X X 40. Water Rat X X 41. Dingo D 7 y AD EO Xx X X X X X X 43. Cat** X X Хх X X X 44. Australian Fur Seal X 45. New Zealand Fur Seal X 46. Leopard Seal X 47. Fallow Deer** X X 48. Hog Deer* X X X 49. Sambar Deer** ? ? 50. Goat** ** Denotes Non-Australian species. TABLE 2 Environmental distribution of birds in South Gippsland Key: 1. Ocean 8. Grassland/Farmland 2. Estuaries and Tidal Flats 9. Saltmarsh/ Mangrove 3. Freshwater 10. Coastal Scrub 4. "Tall open-forest X—present in habitat category 5. Open-forest ?—formerly or possibly present in habitat cate- 6. Woodland gory 7. Heath Species Distribution of species in habitats of the following categories: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 51. Emu X 52. Great Crested Grebe X X 53. Hoary-headed Grebe X X 54. Australasian Grebe X X 55. Rockhopper Penguin 56. Little Penguin 57. Wandering Albatross 58. Black-browed Albatross 59. Grey-headed Albatross 60. Yellow-nosed Albatross 61. Shy Albatross KKK MK KK VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA TABLE 2 (continued) 115 Species Distribution of species in habitats of the following categories: 1 2 3 4 D 6 2f 8 9 10 62. Southern Giant-Petrel X 63. Northern Giant-Petrel X 64. Southern Fulmar X 65. Cape Petrel X 66. Great-winged Petrel X 67. White-headed Petrel X 68. Soft-plumaged Petrel X 69. Blue Petrel С 70. Broad-billed Prion X 71. Lesser Broad-billed Prion X 72. Antarctic Prion x 73. Slender-billed Prion X 74. Fairy Prion x 75. Flesh-footed Shearwater X 76. Sooty Shearwater X 77. Short-tailed Shearwater X 78. Fluttering Shearwater X 79. Hutton’s Shearwater X 80. Little Shearwater X 81. Wilson's Storm-Petrel X 82. White-faced Storm-Petrel X 83. Common Diving-Petrel X 84. Australian Pelican X X 85. Australasian Gannet X 86. Darter X 87. Black-faced Shag X 88. Great Cormorant X X 89. Pied Cormorant X 90. Little Black Cormorant X X 91. Little Pied Cormorant xX X 92. Pacific Heron X X 93. White-faced Heron X X 94. Cattle Egret X 95. Great Egret х X 96. Little Egret X 97. Eastern Reef Egret X 98. Rufous Night Heron X 99. Australasian Bittern X 100. Sacred Ibis X X 101. Straw-necked Ibis X 102. Royal Spoonbill X X 103. Yellow-billed Spoonbill X 104. Black Swan X X 105. Cape Barren Goose X 106. Australian Shelduck X X 107. Pacific Black Duck % X 108. Mallard** » 9 109. Grey Teal X X 110. Chestnut Teal X X 111. Australasian Shoveller X 112. Pink-eared Duck X 113. Hardhead X 114. Maned Duck X X 115. Blue-billed Duck X 116. Musk Duck X X 117. Osprey X 118. Black-shouldered Kite x 119. Letter-winged Kite d 120. Whistling Kite X X 121. Brown Goshawk X X 116 TABLE 2 (continued) . NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST Species 11207 1237 124. 1255 126. WATE 128. 109; 130. ӘЛІ, 1627 185? 134. 1657 136. Dre 138. 199 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. T5. 1627 1537 154. [Бэй 156. LST 158. 159: 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. IGP, qus 174. 175. 176. ПИА 178. 179; 180. ӨЛЕ Collared Sparrowhawk Grey Goshawk White-bellied Sea-Eagle Wedge-tailed Eagle Little Eagle Marsh Harrier Black Falcon Peregrine Falcon Australian Hobby Brown Falcon Australian Kestrel Stubble Quail Brown Quail King Quail California Quail** Painted Button-quail Buff-banded Rail Lewin's Rail Baillon's Crake Australian Crake Spotless Crake Dusky Moorhen Purple Swamphen Eurasian Coot Brolga 2 Pied Oystercatcher Sooty Oystercatcher Masked Lapwing Banded Lapwing Grey Plover Lesser Golden Plover Hooded Plover Mongolian Plover Double-banded Plover Large Sand Plover Red-capped Plover Black-fronted Plover Black-winged Stilt Banded Stilt Red-necked Avocet Ruddy Turnstone Eastern Curlew Whimbel Little Curlew Grey-tailed Tattler Common Sandpiper Greenshank Terek Sandpiper Latham's Snipe Bar-tailed Godwit Red Knot Great Knot Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Red-necked Stint Curlew Sandpiper Sanderling Great Skua Arctic Jaeger Silver Gull Pacific Gull Distribution of species in habitats of the following categories: 1 2 3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X d 8 10 ~X хХххх «ххх ~ ж XX x VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 117 TABLE 2 (continued) Species Distribution of species in habitats of the following categories: 1 2 5 а 5 6 3l 8 9 10 182. Kelp Gull X X 183. Whiskered Tern > 184. White-winged Tern 185. Gull-billed Tern X 186. Caspian Tern X 187. Common Tern X -2 188. Arctic Тегп X 189. White-fronted Tern X 190. Little Tern X 191. Fairy Tern X 192. Crested Tern X X 193. Feral Pigeon** X 194. Spotted Turtle-Dove** x 195. Common Bronzewing X X 196. Brush Bronzewing X X 197. Wonga Pigeon X 198. Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo X X X X 199. Gang-gang Cockatoo X 200. Galah 201. Pink Cockatoo 202. Sulphur-crested Cockatoo 203. Rainbow Lorikeet X 204. Musk Lorikeet 205. Purple-crowned Lorikeet 206. Little Lorikeet 207. Australian King-Parrot 208. Cockatiel 209. Ground Parrot X ххж XX XX 210. Swift Parrot X 211. Crimson Rosella X X 212. Eastern Rosella X 213. Red-rumped Parrot X X 214. Blue-winged Parrot X X X 215. Pallid Cuckoo X X 216. Brush Cuckoo X 217. Fan-tailed Cuckoo X X X x X х 218. Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo X X X X X 219. Shining Bronze-Cuckoo X X 220. Powerful Owl X 221. Southern Boobook X X X X 222. Barking Owl 223. Barn Owl X 224. Eastern Grass Owl 225. Tawny Frogmouth X 226. Australian Owlet-nightjar X 227. White-throated Nightjar X 228. White-throated Needletail X 229. Fork-tailed Swift XX 230. Azure Kingfisher X 231. Laughing Kookaburra X X I 232. Sacred Kingfisher X X 233. Rainbow Bee-eater 234. Superb Lyrebird X X 235. Singing Bushlark d 236. Skylark** 237. Welcome Swallow X X X AS Dd >< X 238. Tree Martin X 239. Fairy Martin Хе 240. Richard's Pipit X X 241. Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike X X X Xx 118 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. SU 25: 2527 2997 254. 2997 2956; SH. 258. D 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. РИП 272. ОД 274. R 276. PATATE QUE 279; 280. 26180 282. 2892 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 29” 292. 2985 294. 2957 296. POUR 298. 299. 300. 301. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST TABLE 2 (continued) Species Distribution of species in habitats of the following categories: 1 2 White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike Cicadabird White-winged Triller White’s Thrush Rose Robin Pink Robin Flame Robin Scarlet Robin Eastern Yellow Robin Jacky Winter Crested Shrike-tit Olive Whistler Golden Whistler Rufous Whistler Grey Shrike-thrush Black-faced Monarch Leaden Flycatcher Satin Flycatcher Restless Flycatcher Rufous Fantail Grey Fantail Willie Wagtail Eastern Whipbird Spotted Quail-thrush Clamorous Reed-Warbler Little Grassbird Golden-headed Cisticola Rufous Songlark Brown Songlark Superb Fairy-wren Southern Emu-wren Pilotbird Large-billed Scrubwren White-browed Scrubwren Chestnut-rumped Hylacola Calamanthus Weebill White-throated Gerygone Brown Thornbill Buff-rumped Thornbill Yellow-rumped Thornbill Yellow Thornbill Striated Thornbill Varied Sittella White-throated Treecreeper Red-browed Treecreeper Brown Treecreeper Red Wattlebird Little Wattlebird Noisy Friarbird Regent Honeyeater Bell Miner Noisy Miner Lewin’s Honeyeater Yellow-faced Honeyeater Singing Honeyeater White-eared Honeyeater Yellow-tufted Honeyeater 3 xxx 4 XX «хх x ха ра x ххх X х “ ра 5 хі ххххх хх X х XXX XXX ж хх XX 6 хж XX Я. XX хх 8 XXX XXX XX 2) XX 10 «хх XX XXX VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA TABLE 2 (continued) 119 302. 303. 304. S055 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 212% 314. ТБ), 316. SIUE SIG: 3119; 320. ВОВ 322. 529. 324. B25. 326. B5277 328. 329. 330. Spr 232: SO 334. 339. Ѕресіеѕ Distribution of species in habitats of the following categories: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 White-plumed Honeyeater Brown-headed Honeyeater White-naped Honeyeater Crescent Honeyeater New Holland Honeyeater Tawny-crowned Honeyeater Eastern Spinebill Scarlet Honeyeater White-fronted Chat Mistletoe Bird Spotted Pardalote Striated Pardalote Silvereye European Goldfinch* * European Greenfinch* * House Sparrow** Tree Sparrow** Red-browed Firetail Beautiful Firetail Common Mynah** Olive-backed Oriole Satin Bowerbird White-winged Chough Australian Magpie-lark White-browed Woodswallow Dusky Woodswallow Grey Butcherbird Australian Magpie Pied Currawong Grey Currawong Australian Raven Forest Raven Little Raven XXX «хх XX XX ххх “ххх хх ххх ххх ж X X ж ххх жж Denotes Non-Australian species. ххх X NX XX хх ж 9 10 XX 120 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST TABLE 3 Environmental distribution of reptiles in South Gippsland Key: 1. Ocean 8. Grassland/ Farmland 2. Estuaries and Tidal Flats 9. Saltmarsh/Mangrove 3. Freshwater 10. Coastal Scrub 4. Tall open-forest Х--ргевепі in habitat category 5. Open-forest ?— formerly or possibly present in habitat cate- 6. Woodland gory 7. Heath Species Distribution of species in habitats of the following categories: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 336. Long-necked Tortoise x 337. Jacky Lizard X X 338. Lace Monitor X X 339. McCoy’s Skink x X 340. Mourning Skink X 341. Black Rock Skink X X 342. White's Skink X X 343. Delicate Skink X X 344. Garden Skink X > X X 345. Weasel Skink X X 346. Coventry’s Skink 347. Grass Skink X X 348. Metallic Skink X x x 349. Three-lined Skink X X X X 350. Bougainville's Skink X x 351. Spencer’s Skink X 352. Southern Water Skink X X X X x 353. Blotched Bluetongue X x X X X X 354. Common Bluetongue X X X 355. Copperhead Snake X X X x x 356. Small-eyed Snake 357. White-lipped Snake X X X X X 358. Tiger Snake X X X X X 359. Brown Snake 360. Red-bellied Black Snake X x X 121 VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA “1161 uvuLoN '//6] uS1osue]q pue "141402 ‘Sdad uosueq ‘а jsioyyusW ‘(pOr 'd рәјерип) јәпо$әт 'c/6T odoH “9/61 `0 12 spuouipq ‘LLEI SAANS (МАЯ 5224705 “Ачо(оэ Surpoo1q 14 *jueseid ie8uo[ ou dju *pioooi әлегә 10 1Ц816 | *piooar uoeurreds , day H d. 4 i i * i Я,0$—9ў1 S,L£o8€ Je1e31v]A| 15 1 n Ч//%2971 517086 xoourung чәәлгу n e x 9,25 9#І S/6£06€ Xoourung * 1 Av o9 FI SVEP OBE I[euruo[ M c * Те Я,ЄРо9Ё1 H,££o9VI 5,9786 exeus dju} ЕРЛЕТГУДІ $9785 Áoquano(q i H/CCo9vT $1586 uosruog ші 8/1629У1 5/55586 1644834 и, Ч/0%29У1 S,9€c8€ [eos dju., dju. Я/©Ро9Ё1 S/LSo8€ AHIO 1 Я/0Ӯо9#Т $9585 40N 1 ЕЙЕГҮДІ S,LSo8€ Sew 1 H,6€o9v1 6/7<086 оом WYM L H,8Io9vI S,6056€ 3915] uosrepuy 141. Я,819#І $6068 еимоиеу 1 Я/ӮТо9РІ $1068 тәреи2 1 Ч/ғ10971 S/L006€ SrAeuue(q * * Я/ӮТо9#Т 8,9066 9muuo[r) PANO asl lac} PE WEN SEIS “ee УЕ И ЕШ ЧУ POE NE а e Үс А: жо) CIUS E Ere AS mn SA ORE o “ы 5.5774. 22 4-55 жоса 54-47-5254 зу С дс Qo c Т ЗЫ ЫЫ ұза тә = ccs 2 = 3c С 8757 OVE Т сы У a E & oS с Se ЗСА eu) 5 5 3 се "ck. ul uae E 5 GE poses d. = SS I - - = Š E А 508 © ғ 5 © 5 pue[sddic) цпов ur spue[st UO ѕүјешшеш jo spiooow Ӯ TISVL 122 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST References Аввотт, I. J., 1973. Birds of Bass Strait. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. 85: 197-213. ANON., 1958. Trip to Inverloch. Bird Observer 315. 1972. Mystery train trip. Bird Observer 482: X. ; 1976. Yarram weekend trip. Bird Observer 530: 8. ASTON, H., 1954, Christmas trip to Yarram. Bird Observer 268. Версаоор, G. W., 1974. Summary of weck's trip through South Gippsland. Bird Observer 510. BENTLEY, A., 1967. An introduction to the Deer of Australia. Hawthorn Press, Melbourne. BREWSTER, E., 1972. 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D., Undated. Early days at Wilson Pro- montory, Unpublished manuscript held by R. Warneke. SMITH, L. H., 1967. The Morwell National Park. Victoria's Resources 9, SPENCER, W. B., 1896. Summary in Vol. I, Spencer, W. B. (Ed.) Report on the work of the Horn Scientific Expedition to Central Australia. Mel- vin, Mullen and Slade, Melbourne. STEPHENS, R., 1965, Witts Track Reservoir and Re- serve—Haunted Hills. Latrobe Valley Nat. 25: 9, STEVENS, R., 1965. The Spur Wing Plover—an ele- gant bird. Latrobe Valley Nat. 17: 6. Storr, G., 1978. The genus Egernia (Lacertilia: Scin- cidae) in Western Australia. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 6: 182-187. Sucars, R. S., 1892. Notes on a trip to South Gipps- land. Victorian Nat. 9: 68-74, TAYLOR, P., 1971. Aspects of the ecology of the Hog Deer, Axis porcinus (Zimmerman) 1780. Un- published Ph.D. thesis Dept, Zool., Monash Uni. THoMas, D. G., 1968. Bird movements in southern Victoria and Tasmania, 1965-1966. First report of the individual observation points scheme. Emu 68: 42-84, TRAILL, B. 1977. Excursion to Boola, October 29. Latrobe Valley Nat. 168. TURNER, J. S., S. С. M. Carr and E. C. Е. BIRD, 1962. The dune succession at Corner Inlet, Vic- toria. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. 75: 17-33. WAINER, J. W. 1976. Studies of an island population of Antechinus minimus (Marsupialia: Lasyuri- dae). Aust. Zool. 19: 1-7. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST WAKEFIELD, М. A., 1958. The Yellow-tufted Honey- eater with a description of a new sub. species. Emu 58: 163-193. , 1959, Тһе Large-billed Scrub-wren in Vic- toria. Victorian Nat. 75: 153-158. WAKEFIELD, М. A. апа R, M. WARNEKE, 1963. Some revision іп Antechinus (Marsupialia) 1. Vic- torian Nat. 80: 194-219. Wess, G., 1969. A wet day in the Bush. Latrobe Valley Nat. 64: 8-9, WHEELER, W. R., 1959, Notes on Swifts 1958-59, Bird Observer 334: 2-5, ; 1976. We visit 10 National Parks Bird Observer 537. Witbes, M., 1970. A special visitor. Latrobe Valley Nat. 78: 8. WILLIAMS, №. D., 1967. The Chemical Characteristics of Lentic surface waters in Australia. In A. H. Weatherley (ed.), Australian inland waters and their fauna. 287 pages, A.N.U., Press, Canberra. WooLLEY, P., 1966. Reproduction in Antechinus spp. and other dasyurid marsupials. /n Rowlands, 1. W. (ed.), Comparative Biology of Repro- duction in Mammals. Academic Press, London. Appendix 1 Annotated list of mammals from the South Gippsland Area TACHYGLOSSIDAE 1. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Echidna. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common. Not recorded on any islands. Reports from Snake Island (Taylor 1971) require confirmation. HABITAT. АШ terrestrial habitats except exten- sive cleared land. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA ORNITHORHY NCHIDAE 2. Ornithorhynchus anatinus. Platypus. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted and generally uncommon. Recent records are from: Merrimans Creek, E of Callignee South; Balook; and Traralgon Creek where they are said to be common (Friend and McDonald 1975). Formerly present on Wilsons Promon- tory (Kershaw 1941); but there are no recent records. HABITAT. Freshwater streams, lakes and dams. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1976. (MacFarlane pers. comm. ). DASYURIDAE 3. Dasyurus maculatus. Tiger Cat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted and rare. The only recent record is from 1:6 km N of Tyers in 1966. Formerly present on Wil- sons Promontory (Kershaw 1940) but recent reports (Jenkins 1961) require confirmation. HABITAT. Due to paucity of records little is known of its habitat requirements in the survey area but elsewhere it is usually associated with dense, wet vegetation in the ranges. 125 MOST RECENT RECORD. 1966 (NMV C17738). 4. Dasyurus viverrinus. Quoll. No specimens are known for the survey area. Sight records from Wilsons Promontory (George 1960, McQueen 1960) require sub- stantiation. 5. Phascogale tapoatafa. Tuan. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and rare. Recorded from Port Albert, Sea- spray and 8 km N of Moe. A possible sighting on Wilsons Promontory (Daley 1926, p. 258) is considered unlikely. HABITAT. Open-forest and woodland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1967 (ММУ C13984). 6. Antechinus stuartii. Brown Antechinus. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common but not recorded from any islands. HaBiTAT. Most tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland communities; also heath where some trees are present. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C17065). 126 7. Antechinus swainsonii. Swainson's Antechinus. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and locally common in the ranges and wet coastal areas on Wilsons Promontory. HaBiTAT. Damp situations with dense ground cover in tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and wet coastal heath. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ С17058). 8. Antechinus minimus. Swamp Antechinus. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted to near-coastal areas W of, and including, Sunday Island. Generally uncommon, but common on Great Glennie Island (Wainer 1976). HABITAT. Most common in wet coastal closed- heath. Also occurs in coastal heath woodland, tussock grassland and sedgeland. Highest altitude at which it was recorded is 220 m near South Peak Wilsons Promontory. BREEDING DATA. The last female trapped was captured on 25 June and had an enlarged pouch area and nipples typical of Antechinus in mid-late pregnancy (Woolley 1966). All females examined had 8 nipples, as did the K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST mainland specimens examined by Wakefield and Warneke (1963) and Great Glennie Island specimens (Wainer 1976). The Tas- manian and Bass Strait Island subspecies A. т. minimus has 6 nipples (Wakefield and War- neke 1963, Green 1972). Large, active males with furred scrota were trapped up until 28 June, the end of our survey period. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1978 (FWD 11828). 9. Sminthopsis leucopus. White-footed Dunnart. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted and uncommon. Recorded from coastal areas west of Wilsons Promontory and from Traralgon South. Its apparent rarity may be related to difficulty of capture. НАВІТАТ. Most commonly recorded from coastal dune scrub or heath, but also found in lowland open-forest and heath woodland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C17059). PERAMELIDAE 10. Isoodon obesulus. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread Short-nosed Bandicoot. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA and fairly common on the coast and plains in the western half of the survey area. Not re- corded from any islands. HaBiTAT. Drier open-forests and woodlands having a heath understorey and sandy soil, coastal heath, and coastal dune scrub. Does not occur in the wetter forest of the ranges. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C17147). 11. Perameles nasuta. Long-nosed Bandicoot. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and fairly common in the east and north, also recorded from Waratah Bay, Cape Liptrap and Tidal River. HABITAT. Usually associated with damp situ- ations along creeks and drainage lines in tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland. Sym- patric with Zsoodon obesulus in moist situations in open-forest and woodland with a heathy understorey on the foothills and plains in the north and on Wilsons Promontory. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1975 (NMV C16439). VOMBATIDAE 12. Vombatus ursinus. Common Wombat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread 127 and common to abundant. Not present on any islands. HABITAT. АП tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland communities, coastal dune scrub and heath. MOST RECENT RECORD. FWD survey). 1977 (Observed in PHASCOLARCTIDAE 13. Phascolarctos cinereus. Koala. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common. Formerly abundant on Wilsons Promontory from where more than 2000 skins were removed in one year (Hardy 1906, p. 197; Kershaw 1906, p. 199). In 1914 Ker- shaw (1915, p. 149) noted that "scores of Koalas" near the mouth of Growlers Creek, Wilsons Promontory had defoliated large numbers of eucalypts. This became such a problem that in 1918 Koalas had to be reduced by killing or removal to other parts of the park (Kershaw 1918). During the widespread and largely unexplained population decline of the early 1900s Koala populations in South Gippsland were drastically reduced. In 1945 128 Koalas from Phillip and French Islands were released by the FWD at Hoddles Creek (41), Snake Island (69) and Hedley (70). Popula- tions presently exist in these three areas as well as numerous other localities. НАВІТАТ. Tall open-forest, open-forest and eucalypt woodlands. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). PHALANGERIDAE 14. Trichosurus vulpecula. Brush-tailed Possum. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and generally common except in the east and in the South Gippsland Highlands where it is uncommon. Тһе larger, darker Tasmanian race T. v. fuliginosus occurs on Wilsons Pro- montory. This is presumably the result of introductions from Tasmania in the early 1900s (Kershaw 1918, p. 105) as it occurs nowhere else on the Australian mainland. Not recorded from any islands. НАВІТАТ. Most open-forest and eucalypt wood- lands as well as farmland and urban areas where some trees remain. Most abundant in lowland or foothill eucalypt woodland. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). 15. Trichosurus caninus. Bobuck. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted and locally common in the higher rainfall areas of the South Gippsland Highlands and Wilsons Promontory. HABITAT. Throughout tall open-forest in the ranges but restricted to dense gully vegetation in the foothills. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 1977 (Observed in Most RECENT RECORD. FWD survey). PETAURIDAE 16. Pseudocheirus peregrinus. Common Ringtail. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common. Not recorded from any islands. HaBiTAT. Most tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland communities, coastal dune scrub, Melaleuca thickets along drainage lines and gardens in urban areas. Most common where a tall, interlocking shrub layer exists. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). 17. Petaurus breviceps. Sugar Glider. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and locally common, particularly in the east and north. Not recorded on any islands. НАВІТАТ. Most tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland communities. Appears to be most abundant in drier lowland open-forest and woodland. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 18. Petaurus australis. Y ellow-bellied Glider. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted to the northern tip of the study area in Boola Boola State Forest where it is uncommon (MacFarlane pers. comm.). HaBiTAT. Mature tall open-forest and open- forest. Recorded sheltering in Eucalyptus суреПосагра tall open-forest in gullies and moving to the drier ridges to feed. E. bridge- siana and E. sideroxylon are favoured food trees (MacFarlane pers. comm.). MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Friend pers. comm. to Menkhorst and Mansergh (1977) ). Greater Glider. Widespread in the South Gippsland Highlands and foot- hills. Locally common in Mullungdung, Won Wron and Alberton West State Forests and the Mt Fatigue-Gunyah area of the South Gippsland Highlands; uncommon further east 19. Schoinobates volans. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. in the Highlands. Promontory. HABITAT. Mature tall open-forest and open- forest of the ranges and foothills. Apparently Not present on Wilsons 129 absent from Eucalyptus nitida and E. consi- deniana open-forests (Gilmore 1977). MOST RECENT RECORD. FWD survey). 1977 (Observed in BURRAMYIDAE 20. Acrobates pygmaeus. Feathertail Glider. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and probably common in the north, not re- corded from any near-coastal areas or Wilsons Promontory. HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1976 (FWD 5016). БЕНЕШЕРЯГ 21. Cercartetus nanus. Eastern Pygmy Possum. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread in the lowlands and probably common, parti- cularly on Wilsons Promontory. Not recorded from the South Gippsland Highlands. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest and woodland, includ- ing Banksia woodland and coastal dune scrub. Most abundant where a tall interlocking shrub layer exists. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1978 (FWD 11574). 130 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST MACROPODIDAE 22. Potorous tridactylus. Potoroo. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted to Wilsons Promontory where it is locally com- mon. Тһе ММУ has a specimen from Ander- sons Inlet which probably dates from the early 1900s (Dixon pers. comm. ). HaniTAT. Eucalyptus obliqua/ E. radiata heath woodland and coastal heath. BREEDING DATA. Two females with furred pouch young were trapped on 23 June 1977 and another on 30 June. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ C17150). 23. Thylogale billardierii. Red-bellied Pademelon. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Formerly pre- sent in coastal South Gippsland, now presumed extinct on the Australian mainland. Recorded from Corner Inlet, Wilsons Promontory in 1851 (NMV C9591). Skeletal remains found at Oberon Bay in 1971 are of unknown age and origin (Menkhorst and Mansergh 1977). Recent possible sight records from Wilsons Promontory require confirmation. 24. Macropus giganteus. Eastern Grey Kangaroo. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common in the lowlands and foothills, particularly in the east and south. Not recorded in the South Gippsland Highlands or in the ranges of Wilsons Promontory. HaniTAT. Open-forest and woodland with a grassy ground cover, adjacent cleared land and coastal tussock grassland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C16890). 25. Macropus rufogriseus. Red-necked Wallaby. DISTRIRUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Occurs in small, widely scattered groups in the north and east. Hasitat. Drier open-forest and woodland usually with a heathy understorey. Most RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Ashe pers. comm. ). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 26. Wallabia bicolor. Black Wallaby. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common throughout. HABITAT. АП tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland communities, softwood plantations, coastal dune scrub and heath. Most abundant in areas with a dense shrub layer. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). PTEROPODIDAE 27. Pteropus poliocephalus. Grey-headed Fruit Bat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. This species 131 is an autumn and winter migrant to Victoria and has been recorded in the study area once, at Port Welshpool in 1951 (NMV C2175). VESPERTILIONIDAE 28. Eptesicus pumilus. Little Bat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Probably widespread and common. Recorded from: Darlimurla; Tyers; Tidal River; Tarra Valley National Park; and 7 km ENE of Balook. Навітат. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and farmland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C16881). 29. Chalinolobus gouldii. Gould’s Wattled Bat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Probably common and widespread although only one record exists, from 22 km E of Carrajung. HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land and farmland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1975 (NMV C16748). 30. Miniopteris schreibersii. Bent-winged Bat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted and uncommon. A small wintering colony occurs in a cave at Cape Liptrap (Hamilton-Smith 132 1965). Other records are from: a water tunnel above Franklin Falls, NW of Toora (Hamilton- Smith pers. comm. to R. Warneke); Moe; Berrys Creek; and one specimen from Refuge Cove, Wilsons Promontory. HaBiTAT. Breeds and shelters colonially in caves and forages in surrounding open-forest, woodland and farmland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1971 (ММУ С6804). 31. Nyctophilus geoffroyi. Lesser Long-eared Bat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Probably widespread and common. Recorded from: Tyers; Tidal River; Refuge Cove, Wilsons Promontory; 7 km ENE of Balook; Won Wron State Forest; Alberton West State Forest; and Mullungdung State Forest. HaBiTAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, farmland and coastal dune scrub. BREEDING DATA. А lactating female with 2 enlarged pectoral nipples was captured on 11 February 1977. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ C16906). K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST LEPORIDAE 32. Lepus europaeus. Hare. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Probably widespread but uncommon. There are only two recent records from the Traralgon area and NW of Tarwin. Formerly present on Wil- sons Promontory (Selby undated) but appears to have been replaced by rabbits in the early 1900s (Selby undated). HABITAT. Both recent records were in farm- land but Hares also inhabit grassy open-forest, grassy woodland, and coastal dune scrub. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). 33. Oryctolagus cuniculus. Rabbit. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and abundant. HABITAT. Most common in rough pasture and coastal dune scrub but also found in most open-forest and woodland communities, par- ticularly those with an open understorey; softwood plantations; and farmland. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA MURIDAE 34. Rattus fuscipes. Bush Rat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common on the mainland and Great Glennie Island. Bush Rats on Great Glennie Island are significantly larger than those on the mainland and have relatively longer nasal bones (Hobbs 1971). HABITAT. Tall open-forest, open-forest, wood- land, coastal dune scrub, heath and softwood plantations. Most abundant in areas with dense ground cover such as gullies. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C16917). 35. Rattus rattus. Black Rat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and locally common. HABITAT. Most terrestrial habitats are suitable. Most abundant in coastal dune scrub, parti- cularly where refuse has been left by campers. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C16926). 36. Rattus lutreolus. Swamp Rat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and locally common in the lowlands and foot- hills. Not recorded from the South Gippsland 133 Highlands or the ranges on Wilsons Promon- tory. HABITAT, Open-forest, woodland, coastal dune scrub, heath and sedgeland. Usually associated with damp areas, particularly where sedges are present. BREEDING DATA. The absence of lactating females indicated that breeding had finished before the survey began. Independent juveniles were trapped on Snake Island and Clonmell Island between the 4 and 9 of March 1977 when they made up the bulk of the animals trapped. Between the 22 and 24 of April only one juvenile was amongst 61 Swamp Rats captured on Hummock Island. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C16920). 37. Pseudomys novaehollandiae. New Holland Mouse. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted and rare. Found in small, scattered colonies. Re- corded from: Mullungdung State Forest along Harrop Road between Found Road and Thirteen Mile Road; SW end of Hummock Island; 8:5 km SW of Reeves Beach; Red Hill, Wilsons Promontory; and 1 km S of Millers Landing, Wilsons Promontory. НАВІТАТ. Low, dry heath, and woodland with a heathy understorey. Found only in heath in the relatively early stages of regeneration fol- lowing a fire or clearing (Cockburn 1975, Posamentier and Recher 1974). BREEDING. During our survey 10 animals were trapped between 23 and 27 April. These comprised approximately equal numbers of males and females (5 males, 4 females, 1 un- sexed). A subadult female, collected on 25 April, weighed 9:6 gm and had a pes length 134 of 18 mm suggesting it was some 22-35 days old (Kemper 1976). MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C16927). 38. Mus musculus. House Mouse. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common. НАВІТАТ. Most terrestrial habitats. Not re- corded in the tall open-forests of the ranges. Most abundant in coastal dune scrub. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C16924). K. С. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST tory. Usually associated with dense ground cover in damp situations. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV C17098). 40. Hydromys chrysogaster. Water Rat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Scattered and surprisingly uncommon. НАВІТАТ. Freshwater and brackish streams, estuaries, lakes, swamps and farm dams. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1976. (Bietzel pers. comm.). 39. Mastacomys fuscus, Broad-toothed Rat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Restricted and rare. Occurs in small isolated colonies which are difficult to locate. Recorded from: 6 km N of Leongatha; Olsens Bridge; English Cor- ner; and 1 km SW of South Peak, Wilsons Promontory. Skeletal remains of unknown age and origin were found at Darby Beach, Wilsons Promontory in 1973 (Menkhorst and Mansergh 1977). HABITAT. Recorded from Eucalyptus regnans tall open-forest in the South Gippsland High- lands and closed-heath on Wilsons Promon- CANIDAE 41. Canis familiaris. Dingo. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Probably absent but formerly widespread. Once common on Wilsons Promontory (Selby undated). Sighted near the survey area in the Boola Boola State Forest in 1973 (Suckling pers. comm. to Menkhorst and Mansergh 1977). May still occur in the ranges in the northern tip of the survey area. НАВІТАТ. Now restricted to tall open-forest and open-forest in rugged country. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1918 (NMV R7590). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 42. Vulpes vulpes. Fox. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common. HABITAT. АП terrestrial habitats except the most densely settled urban areas. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ С17176). FELIDAE 43. Felis catus. Cat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common. HABITAT. All terrestrial habitats. 135 Most RECENT RECORD. FWD survey). 1977 (Observed in OTARIIDAE 44. Arctocephalus pusillus. Australian Fur Seal. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common in marine waters of the survey area. Breeds on Kanowna Island and comes ashore to rest оп White Rock, Rag Island, Notch Island, Wattle Island and Anderson Islet. HABITAT. Marine waters. MOST RECENT RECORD. FWD survey). 1977 (Observed in 45. Arctocephalus forsteri. New Zealand Fur Seal. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Breeds on islands around the South Island of New Zea- land, on nearby sub-antarctic islands and along the coast of south-western Australia. It is arare vagrant to Victorian waters. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1925 (NMV C7535). 136 PHOCIDAE 46. Hydrurga leptonyx. Leopard Seal. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. А vagrant from the Southern Ocean. There are three records of single beached animals, from Port Welshpool, Snake Island and Manns Beach. HABITAT. Antarctic and sub-antarctic seas. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1972 (NMV C10955). CERVIDAE 47. Dama dama. Fallow Deer. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Released on Wilsons Promontory and in the Powlett River area in the 1860s (Bentley 1967) but is extinct in these areas. Released on Sunday Island in 1967 (Austin pers. comm.) where it is becoming established. HaBiTAT. Grassy clearings іп woodland and coastal dune scrub. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Austin pers. comm.). 48. Axis porcinus. Hog Deer. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Introduced to Wilsons Promontory and Cape Liptrap in the K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 1860s (Bentley 1967). Now restricted to the Snake Island, St Margaret Island area and Wilsons Promontory where it is locally com- mon. HABITAT. dune scrub, Woodland, coastal swamps and heath. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). 49. Cervus unicolor. Sambar Deer. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Introduced to Wilsons Promontory, Snake Island and the Powlett River-Tarwin area in the 1860s (Bentley 1967). Was common in the south- west and south-central parts of the survey area until about the 1920s. Now rare and possibly extinct in these areas. HABITAT. Unknown. MOST RECENT RECORD. None documented. BOVIDAE 50. Capra hircus. Goat. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Released on Seal Island in 1884 to provide food for the lighthouse keeper on Cliffy Island (Norman VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 137 1971). Goats are no longer present on the island. A skull was collected from a cave on the island during the FWD survey (FWD 11230). Wild goats still occur at the head of Greigs Creek, S of Blackwarry (Niggl pers. comm.). Т Раа 53. Poliocephalus poliocephalus. Hoary-headed Grebe. Common and widespread in marine embay- ments. Anon. 1976; Aston 1954; Quinn 1967. Appendix 2 Annotated list of birds from the South Gippsland Area DROMAIIDAE 51. Dromaius novaehollandiae. Emu. (B) Occurs in the east of the study area where it is rare, and Wilsons Promontory National Park where it is common. It inhabits open-forest, woodland and heathland. Aston 1954; Davis 1965. 54. Tachybaptus novaehollandiae. Australasian Grebe. (B) Widespread but rare on freshwater swamps. Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974; Quinn 1967. PODICIPEDIDAE 52. Podiceps cristatus. Great Crested Grebe. Rarely recorded. Found in marine embayments. 138 SPHENISCIDAE 55. Eudyptes chrysocome. Rockhopper Penguin. Two beach washed specimens recorded for Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975, Bucking- ham 1977b (as Crested Penguin) ). 56. Eudyptula minor. Little Penguin. (B) Widespread and common in the ocean. Nests on many of the offshore islands. Bedggood 1974; Gillham 1961; Mitchell 1976. DIOMEDEIDAE 57. Diomedea exulans. Wandering Albatross. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST Occasional beach washed specimens on Wil- sons Promontory (Cooper 1975). Breeds on temperate to subantarctic islands in the southern hemisphere. 58. Diomedea melanophrys. Black-browed Albatross. Uncommonly seen over the ocean. Breeds on Antarctic and subantarctic islands. 59. Diomedea chrysostoma. Grey-headed Albatross. Only two records: at Shallow Inlet (Cooper 1975); and at Venus Bay (Buckingham 1977b). Breeds on temperate to subantarctic islands in the southern hemisphere. 60. Diomedea chlororhynchos. Yellow-nosed Albatross. Uncommonly seen over the ocean. Breeds on temperate islands in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 61. Diomedea cauta. Shy Albatross. Only one seen near Cape Wellington during our survey. Cooper (1975) states it is the common albatross on the waters around Wil- sons Promontory. PROCELLARIIDAE 62. Macronectes giganteus. Southern Giant-Petrel. Rarely recorded over the ocean or as beach washed specimens. Breeds along the Antarctic coastline and subantarctic islands. 139 63. Macronectes halli. Northern Giant-Petrel. Cooper (1975) has recorded this species on Wilsons Promontory. Breeds on islands at or north of the Subantarctic Convergence. 64. Fulmarus glacialoides. Southern Fulmar. Two specimens recorded from Wilsons Pro- montory (Cooper 1975). Breeds along the Antarctic coastline and subantarctic islands. 65. Daption capense. Cape Petrel. Rarely recorded (Cooper 1975). Breeds along the Antarctic coastline and —subantarctic islands. 140 66. Pterodroma macroptera. Great-winged Petrel. Seven specimens have been recorded on Wil- sons Promontory (Cooper 1975) and one at Venus Bay (Buckingham 1977b). Jacobs (1968b) has a record from Sandy Point. Breeds in New Zealand and islands off southern Western Australia. 67. Pterodroma lessonii. White-headed Petrel. Dead birds are regularly found on Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975). Breeds on sub- antarctic islands. 68. Pterodroma mollis. Soft-plumaged Petrel. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST Only one specimen, collected at Sealers Cove, Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975). Breeds on Antipodes Island and islands in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. 69. Halobaena caerulea. Blue Petrel. Two beach washed birds recorded from Nor- man Bay, Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975). Breeds on subantarctic islands. 70. Pachyptila vittata. Broad-billed Prion. Two specimens have been found on Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975). Breeds on islands around New Zealand and in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. 71. Pachyptila salvini. Lesser Broad-billed Prion. Found regularly on Wilsons Promontory beaches (Cooper 1975) and there is a record from Venus Bay (Buckingham 1977b). Breeds on Marion and Crozet Islands in the Indian Ocean. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA Antarctic Prion. 72. Pachyptila desolata. One or two specimens usually found on Wil- sons Promontory each year (Cooper 1975). Breeds on Antartica and subantarctic islands. Slender-billed Prion. Occasional beach washed specimens on Wil- sons Promontory (Cooper 1975). Breeds on subantarctic islands. 73. Pachyptila belcheri. Fairy Prion. Rarely recorded and usually only as beach. washed specimens (Cooper 1975). Breeds on islands around Victoria, Tasmania and New Zealand (Gillham 1961). 74. Pachyptila turtur. 141 75. Puffinus carneipes. Flesh-footed Shearwater. Rarely recorded as beach washed specimens on Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975). Breeds on islands around south-western Aus- tralia, Lord Howe Island and islands off New Zealand. ) 76. Puffinus griseus. Sooty Shearwater. Rarely recorded as beach washed specimens on Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975). 142 77. Puffinus tenuirostris. Short-tailed Shearwater. (B) Commonly seen on the ocean; large nesting colonies occur on most of the granitic islands off Wilsons Promontory. Anon. 1958; Bedggood 1974; Gillham 1961. m 78. Puffinus gavia. Recorded annually near Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975). Breeds off New Zealand. Fluttering Shearwater. 79. Puffinus huttoni. MHutton's Shearwater. One record from Wilsons Promontory (Buck- ingham 1977b). Breeds in New Zealand. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 80. Puffinus assimilis. Little Shearwater. There is one record of three specimens on Wilsons Promontory by Kershaw (1906). OCEANITIDAE 81. Oceanites oceanicus. Wilsons Storm-Petrel. Rarely recorded as beach washed specimens on Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975). Breeds on the Antarctic mainland and Ant- arctic and subantarctic islands. 82. Pelagodroma marina. White-faced Storm-Petrel. (B) Breeds on islands but is only rarely recorded as beach washed specimens (Cooper 1975). The nearest breeding colony is on Mud Island in Port Phillip Bay. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA PELECANOIDIDAE 83. Pelecanoides urinatrix. Common Diving-Petrel. (B) Breeds on the islands off Wilsons Promontory including СІНУ, McHugh and Dannevig (Condon 1975). Beach washed specimens are often found on Wilsons Promontory (Gillham 1961). PELECANIDAE 84. Pelecanus conspicillatus. Australian Pelican. 143 Widespread in shallow coastal embayments. Lyndon, D 1972; Mitchell 1976. SULIDAE 85. Morus serrator. Australasian Gannet. Widespread and common along the coast line. Breeds on islands around southern Australia and in New Zealand. Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974; Mitchell 1976. ANHINGIDAH 86. Anhinga melanogaster. Darter. Restricted and rare. A single bird was seen at Refuge Cove in April 1977 and single birds at both Refuge and Sealers Coves in June 1977. PHALACROCORACIDAE 87. Leucocarbo fuscescens. Black-faced Shag. Common on the granite islands in Corner Inlet and on the east side of Wilsons Promon- tory. Breeds on Tasmanian islands. 144 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 88. Phalacrocorax carbo. Great Cormorant. Widespread in low numbers in both fresh and saline waters. Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976. 89. Phalacrocorax varius. Pied Cormorant. Widespread but uncommon in shallow coastal embayments. Mitchell 1976. 90. Phalacrocorax sulcirostris. Little Black Cormorant. Widespread in low numbers in shallow coastal embayments. Mitchell 1976. 91. Phalacrocorax melanoleucos. Little Pied Cormorant. Widespread in low numbers in both fresh and saline waters. ARDEIDAE 92. Ardea pacifica. Pacific Heron. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 145 Widespread but rare around swamps and farm dams. Friend and McDonald 1975. 93. Ardea novaehollandiae. White-faced Heron. (B) Widespread and common in both fresh and saline waters and farmland. Friend and McDonald 1975; Lambert 1967; Quinn 1967. 94. Ardeola ibis. Cattle Egret. Widespread but flocks are only seen occasion- ally in farmland. Buckingham 1976b; Ringin 1977; Lyndon 1977a. Great Egret. Widespread but uncommon in shallow fresh and saline waters. Bedggood 1974; Mitchell 1976. 95. Egretta alba. 96. Egretta garzetta. Little Egret. Widespread but rare in shallow marine em- bayments. Davis 1965. 97. Egretta sacra. Eastern Reef Egret. A rare vagrant recorded from Wilsons Pro- montory (Buckingham 1976a). 98. Nycticorax caledonicus. Rufous Night Heron. Rarely seen. Usually seen when roosting in Melaleuca ericifolia thickets adjacent to tidal flats along rivers. 146 99. Botaurus poiciloptilus. Australasian Bittern. A few records from Wilsons Promontory (Salter and Salter 1959, Cooper 1975) and a record from Bulls Swamp, Tarwin River (Mit- chell 1976). PLATALEIDAE 100. Threskiornis aethiopica. Sacred Ibis (B) Widespread and common in pastureland and mudflats surrounding shallow marine embay- ments. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Kemp 1966; Mitchell 1976. 101. Threskiornis spinicollis. Straw-necked Ibis. Widespread in pastureland. Bedggood 1974; Mitchell 1976. 102. Platalea regia. Royal Spoonbill. Uncommon but widespread around the edges of shallow marine embayments. Mitchell 1976. 103. Platalea flavipes. Yellow-billed Spoonbill. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA Rarely recorded in shallow fresh and saline waters. Mitchell 1976. ANATIDAE 104. Cygnus atratus. Black Swan. (B) Widespread and common, especially in Corner Inlet. Anon. 1976; Friend and McDonald 1975; Lyndon, D. 1972. 105. Cereopsis novaehollandiae. Cape Barren Goose. (B) Rare but regularly seen on the mainland where it feeds in pastures. Small numbers breed on islands off Wilsons Promontory. Gillham 1961. 106. Tadorna tadornoides. Australian Shelduck. (B) Widespread but rare. Usually occurs near fresh water. Aston 1954; Kane 1965. 147 107. Anas superciliosa. Pacific Black Duck. Widespread and common in both fresh and marine waters. Bedggood 1974; Mitchell 1976. 108. Anas platyrhynchos. Mallard. Rare. One record only from Jack Smiths Lake. 109. Anas gibberifrons. Widespread on both fresh and saline waters. Grey Teal. Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975. 148 110. Anas castanea. Chestnut Teal. Occurs principally on shallow marine embay- ments, sometimes in large flocks. 111. Anas rhynchotis. Australasian Shoveller. Widespread but rare in both fresh and saline waters. 112. Malacorhynchus membranaceus. Pink-eared Duck. Two records from Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975) and two on Jack Smiths Lake in July 1977. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and Р. W. MENKHORST 113. Aythya australis. Hardhead. Widespread but rare. Usually occurs in fresh water. One bird observed at Staceys bridge by Aston (1954). 114. Chenonetta jubata. Maned Duck. Widespread but rare. Usually occurs on mar- gins of farm ponds. Bedggood 1974. Оор {EES Ee Blue-billed Duck. One old record from Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975) and another near Wonthaggi (Quinn 1967). 115. Oxyura australis. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 116. Biziura lobata. Musk Duck. Widespread but rare. Occurs principally in marine embayments, but also deep fresh water. Davis 1965. Gba s EM ECH PANDIONIDAE 117. Pandion haliaetus. Osprey. There have been three recent sightings of this rare vagrant on Wilsons Promontory (Buck- ingham 1975 and 1976b); Cooper (1975) mentions two early records from Wilsons Promontory. 149 ACCIPITRIDAE 118. Elanus notatus. Black-shouldered Kite. Widespread but uncommon over grassland. Anon. 1958; Mitchell 1976. 119. Elanus scriptus. Letter-winged Kite. A few records of this species were made in the survey area. These birds were part of a general influx of the species to southern Victoria in 1977. Buckingham 1977a and 1977b; Lyndon 1977с. 120. Haliastur sphenurus. Whistling Kite. (B) Widespread but uncommon. Usually seen near water. 150 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Lambert 1967; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966 and 1967. 121. Accipiter fasciatus. Brown Goshawk. Widespread but uncommon in all habitats with trees. Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967. 124. Haliaeetus leucogaster. White-bellied Sea-Eagle. (B) Widespread but uncommon along the coast. Breeds on Wilsons Promontory and islands around Port Albert. Mitchell 1976. 122. Accipiter cirrhocephalus. Collared Sparrowhawk. Two records only from wattle regrowth scrub and coastal scrub. HRANT EER 7 125. Aquila audax. Wedge-tailed Eagle. (B) Widespread but uncommon over all terrestrial habitats. Bedggood 1974; Mitchell 1976; Smith 1967. 123. Accipiter novaehollandiae. Grey Goshawk. Recorded for Bulga and Tarra Valley National Parks (Officer and McKean 1974). Cooper (1975) mentions early records from Wilsons Promontory. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 126. Hieraaetus morphnoides. Widespread but rarely recorded. Aston 1954. Little Eagle. 127. Circus aeruginosus. Marsh Harrier. (B) Widespread but uncommon over swamp, pas- ture and saltmarsh. Mitchell 1976. FALCONIDAE 128. Falco subniger. Black Falcon. Rarely recorded. Observed on the Yanakie 151 Peninsula. Other records at Inverloch and Koonwarra (Mitchell 1976). 129. Falco peregrinus. Peregrine Falcon. (B) Widespread but uncommon over all habitat types. Aston 1954; Mitchell 1976; Davis 1965; Smith 1967. 130. Falco longipennis. Australian Hobby. (B) Rarely seen. Probably occurs over most ter- restrial environments but is most commonly Observed over farmland. Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974; Davis 1965; Lambert 1967. Brown Falcon. Widespread but uncommon. Usually occurs over grassland. 131. Falco berigora. 1976; Bedggood 1974; Friend and 1976; Mitchell Anon. McDonald 1975; Lyndon 1976. 152 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 132. Falco cenchroides. Australian Kestrel. (B) Widespread and common. Usually occurs over grassland. Mitchell 1976. PHASIANIDAE 133. Coturnix novaezelandiae. Stubble Quail. Uncommon. Usually found in farmland. Friend and McDonlad 1975; Mitchell 1976. 134. Coturnix australis. Brown Quail. Recorded in grassland and heath. Bedggood 1974; Davis 1965; Lyndon, D. 1972. 135. Coturnix chinensis. King Quail. Rare and restricted. Cooper (1975) provides records from heathland on Wilsons Promon- tory. 136. Lophortyx californicus. California Quail. Brunt (1966) recorded two birds south of Wonthaggi. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 153 TURNICIDAE 140. Porzana pusilla. Baillon’s Crake. 137. Turnix varia. Painted Button-quail. Cooper (1975) provides a record for Wilsons Restricted to open-forest and low open-forest Promontory. where it is rare. Bedggood 1974. RALLIDAE 138. Rallus philippensis. Buff-banded Rail.(B) Widespread but rarely seen. Locally common in tussock grassland adjacent to saltmarsh. Buckingham 1977a. 141. Porzana fluminea. Australian Crake. Cooper (1975) provides records for Wilsons Promontory. 139. Rallus pectoralis. Lewin’s Rail. 142. Porzana tabuensis. Spotless Crake. Recorded on Wilsons Promontory (Cooper Seven sightings from Wilsons Promontory 1975). (Cooper 1975). 154 143. Gallinula tenebrosa. Dusky Moorhen. Widespread but rare. From the dates of records in Cooper (1975) this species would appear to be an irregular visitor to the study area. Bedggood 1974; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967. 144. Porphyrio porphyrio. Purple Swamphen. (B) Widespread but uncommon оп freshwater swamps. Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967. 145. Fulica atra. Eurasian Coot. Widespread but rare. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST Bedggood 1967. 1974; Lyndon, D. 1972; Quinn GRUIDAE 146. Grus rubicundus. Brolga. No recent records from South Gippsland but see Cooper (1975) for old records. HAEMATOPODIDAE 147. Haematopus longirostris. Pied Oystercatcher. (B) Widespread and common on tidal flats in shallow marine embayments. Bedggood 1974. 148. Haematopus fuliginosus. Sooty Oystercatcher. (B) Widespread but uncommon. Pairs or small groups are recorded around shallow bays and also on ocean beaches, rocky headlands and islands. Marston 1969; Mitchell 1976. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA CHARADRIIDAE 149. Vanellus miles. Masked Lapwing. (B) Widespread and common in grassland and on mudflats in shallow marine embayments. Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967; Stevens 1965. EbS Tout TTT Гө ГГ / ба "9 СЕНБЕСЕ, e| | eee 150. Vanellus tricolor. Banded Lapwing. Restricted to grassland in lower rainfall areas where it is rare. Davis (1963) recorded 4 in a paddock near Robertson Beach. Bedggood (1974) recorded this species east of Wood- side School and at Tarwin Meadows. 155 151. Pluvialis squatarola. Grey Plover. Restricted to tidal flats in Corner Inlet where it is rare. Breeds in the Arctic tundra of Russia and North America. 152. Pluvialis dominica. Lesser Golden Plover. Widespread but rare on mudflats adjacent to saline waters. Breeds in the Arctic tundra of Siberia and North America. 153. Charadrius rubricollis. Hooded Plover. (B) Widespread but uncommon on ocean beaches. Anon. 1958; Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974; Marston 1969. 156 154. Charadrius mongolus. Mongolian Plover. А widespread but rare summer migrant to tidal flats іп shallow marine embayments. Breeds in the Himalayas and eastern Siberia. 155. Charadrius bicinctus. Double-banded Plover. A widespread and uncommon winter migrant from New Zealand where it breeds. It occurs on mudflats adjacent to saline water and nearby grassland. Mitchell 1976. 156. Charadrius leschenaultii. Large Sand Plover. Too 1-07 E ТР К. C. NORRIS, А. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST Widespread but rare summer migrant to tidal flats іп shallow marine embayments. Breeds in south-west Russia east to Mongolia. 157. Charadrius ruficapillus. Red-capped Plover. (B) A widespread but uncommon resident of both tidal flats and ocean beaches. Bedggood 1974. ACEH A aloe PUES оаа, EE T LLE Рах est 158. Charadrius melanops. Black-fronted Plover. Uncommon but widespread. Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974; Cooper 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967. RECURVIROSTRIDAE 159. Himantopus himantopus. Black-winged Stilt. Only recorded from Jack Smiths Lake. Rare in South Gippsland. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 160. Cladorhynchus leucocephalus. Banded Stilt. One record marginal to the study area in Lake Reeve (Corrick pers. comm.). 161. Recurvirostra novaehollandiae. Red-necked Avocet. A single bird on Jack Smiths Lake is the only record for the study area. SCOLOPACIDAE 162. Arenaria interpres. Ruddy Turnstone. Restricted to sand flats where it is a rare sum- 157 mer migrant. This species is a circumpolar Arctic breeder. 163. Numenius madagascariensis. Eastern Curlew. Widespread and common on tidal flats in shallow marine embayments. Breeds in north- eastern Kamchatka and Manchuria. Mitchell 1976. 164. Numenius phaeopus. Whimbrel. Widespread and rare on tidal flats. This species is a circumpolar arctic and subarctic breeder. КЕЛЕДТ EHE ЕТТІ” ат NLT Ten 158 165. Numenius minutus. Little Curlew. Cooper (1975) mentions a record of a single bird at Shallow Inlet. Breeds in central and north-eastern Siberia. 166. Tringa brevipes. Grey-tailed Tattler. A widespread but rare summer migrant occur- ring on tidal flats in shallow marine embay- ments. Breeds in Siberia. 167. Tringa hypoleucos. Common Sandpiper. A widespread but rare summer migrant. It appears to favour tidal mudflats adjacent to mangroves near the mouths of rivers. Breeds K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST over much of Europe and Asia south of the Arctic Circle. 168. Tringa nebularia. Greenshank. A widespread but uncommon summer migrant found on tidal flats in shallow marine embay- ments. Breeds in Britain and northern Eurasia. 169. Tringa terek. Terek Sandpiper. A widespread but rare summer migrant. Breeds in Russia south of the Arctic Circle. 170. Gallinago hardwickii. Latham’s Snipe. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 159 A widespread but uncommon migratory species seen in swampy pastureland. Breeds in Japan. Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974. 171. Limosa lapponica. Bar-tailed Godwit. A widespread and common summer migrant to tidal flats in shallow marine embayments. Breeds from Lapland east to Alaska, mostly north of Arctic Circle. 172. Calidris canutus. Red Knot. A widespread but rare summer migrant to tidal flats in shallow marine embayments. A circum- polar Arctic breeder. 173. Calidris tenuirostris. Great Knot. A restricted and rare summer migrant. Breeds in Siberia. 174. Calidris acuminata. Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. A widespread but uncommon summer migrant to tidal flats in shallow marine embayments. Breeds in Arctic Siberia. 175. Calidris ruficollis. Red-necked Stint. A widespread and common summer migrant to tidal flats in shallow marine embayments. Breeds in north-eastern Siberia and Alaska. Mitchell 1976. 176. Calidris ferruginea. Curlew Sandpiper. 160 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST A widespread and common summer migrant to tidal flats in shallow marine embayments. Breeds in Arctic Siberia. 177. Calidris alba. Sanderling. A widespread but uncommon summer migrant. Found prinicpally on ocean beaches. A circum- polar Arctic breeder. LARIDAE 180. Larus novaehollandiae. Silver Gull. (B) Widespread and common in marine environ- ments. Gillham 1961. STERCORARIIDAE 178. Stercorarius skua. Great Skua. Widespread off-shore but rarely recorded. Breeds in New Zealand and subantarctic islands. Bedggood 1974. 181. Larus pacificus. Pacific Gull. (B) Widespread and common in marine environ- ments. Gillham 1961. 179. Stercorarius parasiticus. Arctic Jaeger. Widespread off-shore but rarely recorded. A circumpolar Arctic and subarctic breeder. Bedggood 1974. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 182. Larus dominicanus. Kelp Gull. (B) Recorded by Cooper (1975) on Wilsons Pro- montory where it is rare. РА WEBDUSSESZNEENHP. Rf he gas" 183. Chlidonias hybrida. Whiskered Tern. Restricted and rare. 184. Chlidonias leucoptera. White-winged Tern. Quinn (1966) provides the only record of this species in the study area from Jack Smiths Lake. Breeds in central Asia west to eastern Europe and North Africa. 161 185. Gelochelidon nilotica. Gull-billed Tern. Widespread but rarely seen in shallow bays. 186. Hydroprogne caspia. Caspian Tern. Widespread but rare in shallow marine embay- ments and along ocean beaches. Bedggood 1974; Mitchell 1976. 187. Sterna hirundo. Common Tern. Widespread but rare. Breeds close to the Arctic Circle in Europe and Asia. 162 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 188. Sterna paradisaea. Arctic Tern. A single beach washed specimen was found in 1974 at Oberon Bay, Wilsons Promontory. Breeds in polar regions of the Northern Hemi- sphere and migrates to Antarctic waters. 189. Sterna striata. White-fronted Tern. Cooper (1975) mentions records from Wil- sons Promontory. Breeds in New Zealand and islands south to Chatham and Auckland Islands. 190. Sterna albifrons. Little Tern. Widespread but rare in shallow marine em- bayments. Quinn 1966. 191. Sterna nereis. Fairy Tern. (B) Widespread but rare in shallow marine em- bayments. Anon. 1958; Bedggood 1974. 192. Sterna bergii. Crested Tern. (B) Widespread and common on both ocean and bays. Anon. 1958; Aston 1954; Mitchell 1976. COLUMBIDAE 193. Columba livia. Feral Pigeon. Recorded only at Morwell and Inverloch. Distribution is probably centred on most large towns. Mitchell 1976. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 163 J A HH / ---; АА” 194. Streptopelia chinensis. Spotted Turtle-Dove. Widespread but uncommon in coastal scrub near urban centres. Aston 1954; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967. 195. Phaps chalcoptera. Common Bronzewing. (B) Widespread but rarely seen in open-forest and woodland. Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Quinn 1966. 196. Phaps elegans. Brush Bronzewing. Widespread but rarely seen in tall open-forest, woodland and coastal scrub. Aston 1976; Bedgood 1974; Davis 1965; Quinn 1966. 197. Leucosarcia melanoleuca. Wonga Pigeon. This species is restricted to the Central High- lands and does not appear to venture into the forests of the South Gippsland Highlands or Wilsons Promontory. Collins and Collins 1967. CACATUIDAE 198. Calyptorhynchus funereus. Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo. Widespread but uncommon in all forested habitats. Anon. 1976; Aston 1954; Collins and Collins 1967; Elvish 1969; Friend and McDonald 1975. 164 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 199. Callocephalon fimbriatum. Gang-gang Cockatoo. Widespread but uncommon in all forested habitats. Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1973; Sugars 1892. 200. Cacatua roseicapilla. Galah. Widespread in farmland but rare. Aston 1954; Galbraith 1973. 201. Cacatua leadbeateri. Pink Cockatoo. A single bird observed with a flock of Suiphur- crested Cockatoos on the Yanakie Peninsula (Cooper 1975). 202. Cacatua galerita. Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. Rare and restricted to woodland and farmland in the east of the survey area. Aston 1954; Galbraith 1973. LORIIDAE 203. Trichoglossus haematodus. Rainbow Lorikeet. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA Common in coastal scrub on Wilsons Promon- tory. Recorded from Wonthaggi (Brunt 1974). 204. Glossopsitta concinna. Musk Lorikeet. Cooper (1975) records it as a rare autumn visitor. Thomas (1968) has a record from Wonthaggi. 205. Glossopsitta porphyrocephala. Purple-crowned Lorikeet. Cooper (1975) has one record only from Wilsons Promontory. 206. Glossopsitta pusilla. Little Lorikeet. HEAR 111117 4252489 ur 165 Rarely recorded. Cooper (1975) has one re- cord only for Wilsons Promontory. Seen near Hedley in 1977, Boola (Traill 1977) and Leongatha (Lyndon 1969b). POLYTELITIDAE 207. Alisterus scapularis. Australian King-Parrot. A rare vagrant to the forested areas of South Gippsland from where there are a few wide- spread records. Aston 1954; Buckingham 19766; Cooper 1975; Galbraith 1973; Wheeler 1976. 208. Nymphicus hollandicus. Cockatiel. Two records from Wilsons Promontory, where it is a rare vagrant (Cooper 1975). PLATYCERCIDAE 209. Pezoporus wallicus. Ground Parrot. Rare and restricted to heathland on Snake Island and the northern part of Wilsons Promontory. Cooper 1975. 166 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 212. Platycercus eximius. Eastern Rosella. (B) Widespread but uncommon in woodland or pastureland with scattered trees. Anon. 1976. [| - Хе Vg А Wh a q 210. Lathamus discolor. Swift Parrot. An uncommon forest species that migrates between Tasmania and the mainland. Bedggood 1974; Cooper 1975; Mitchell 1976; Sugars 1892. 213. Psephotus haematonotus. Red-rumped Parrot. One record only from Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975). 211. Platycercus elegans. Crimson Rosella. Widespread and common in all forested habitats. Anon. 1976; Friend and McDonald 1975; 214. Neophema chrysostoma. Galbraith 1973. Blue-winged Parrot. (B) VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 167 Widespread but uncommon in a variety of habitats ranging from saltmarsh through pastureland to tall open-forest. Anon. 1972; Bedggood 1974; Davis 1965; Mitchell 1976; Stephens 1965. CUCULIDAE 215. Cuculus pallidus. РаШа Cuckoo. Widespread but uncommon in grassland and forest. A summer migrant to the survey area. Aston 1954; Friend and McDonald 1975. 216. Cuculus variolosus. Brush Cuckoo. Restricted to tall open-forest where it is rare. A summer migrant to the survey area. 217. Cuculus pyrrhophanus. Fan-tailed Cuckoo. (B) Widespread and common in all forested habi- tats and coastal scrub. A summer migrant to the survey area. Friend and McDonald 1975; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976; Smith 1967; Thomas 1968. 218. Chrysococcyx basalis. Horsfield’s Bronze-Cuckoo. Widespread but uncommon in open-forest and woodland. Anon. 1976; Aston 1954; McDonald 1975; Smith 1967. Friend and 219. Chrysococcyx lucidus. Shining Bronze-Cuckoo. Widespread but uncommon in tall open-forest and open-forest. Aston 1954; Smith 1967. 168 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST STRIGIDAE j 220. Ninox strenua. Powerful Owl. Restricted to tall open-forest where it is rare. Galbraith 1974. 221. Ninox novaeseelandiae. Southern Boobook. (B) Widespread but uncommon in all forested habi- tats. One was recorded on Seal Island. Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976. 222. Ninox connivens. Barking Owl. One record only from Loy Yang (Friend and McDonald 1975). TYTONIDAE 223. Tyto alba. Barn Owl. Widespread but uncommon in grassland. One was recorded on Notch Island during the survey. Aston 1954. 224. Tyto longimembris. Eastern Grass Owl. Cooper (1975) mentions a specimen from Wilsons Promontory. PODARGIDAE 225. Podargus strigoides. Tawny Frogmouth. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 169 Widespread but uncommon in all forested habitats. Aston 1954; Friend and McDonald 1975. AEGOTHELIDAE 226. Aegotheles cristatus. Australian Owlet-nightjar. Widespread but seen only rarely in all forest and woodland habitats. 229. Apus pacificus. Fork-tailed Swift. Widespread but rare. Recorded as occurring over beach sands and dunes (Cooper 1975). A summer migrant from where it breeds in the Himalayas and north and east to Siberia CAPRIMULGIDAE 227. Caprimulgus mystacalis. White-throated Nightjar. Widespread but rarely seen in open-forest. Cooper 1975; Gilmore 1977. ALCEDINIDAE 230. Ceyx azurea. Azure Kingfisher. Widespread and rare. Usually occurs near rivers or swamps. Bedggood 1974; Webb 1969. APODIDAE 228. Hirundapus caudacutus. White-throated Needletail. Widespread but uncommon over all habitat types. A summer migrant from where it breeds in the Himalayas and north and east to Siberia. Aston 1954; Wheeler 1959. 170 231. Dacelo novaeguineae. Laughing Kookaburra. Widespread and common in open-forest, wood- land, grassland and coastal scrub. Collins and Collins 1967; Friend and Mc- Donald 1975; Lyndon 1976; Quinn 1966; Sugars 1892. 232. Halcyon sancta. Sacred Kingfisher. (В) Widespread but rare in open-forest and wood- land. Anon. 1976; Johnstone 1966. MEROPIDAE 233. Merops ornatus. Rainbow Bee-eater. (B) K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST This species is a rare migrant to the study area. It has been recorded breeding at Rin- toulls Creek near Tyers (Galbraith 1965). MENURIDAE 234. Menura novaehollandiae. Superb Lyrebird. (B) Common in tall open-forests in the Strzelecki Ranges and extends into drier forests along gullies. Lyndon (1977b) mentions an out- lying occurrence near Waratah Bay. The species was introduced to Wilsons Promontory (Cooper 1975) but apparently did not survive. Collins and Collins 1967; Lyndon, E. 1972; Sugars 1892. ALAUDIDAE 235. Mirafra javanica. Singing Bushlark. A rare vagrant. Cooper (1975) mentions two records from Wilsons Promontory. 236. Alauda arvensis. Skylark. (B) Widespread and common in grasslands. Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA А07 HH Coo ee = HIRUNDINIDAE 237. Hirundo neoxena. Welcome Swallow. (B) Widespread and common in grasslands, wood- lands, open-forest and heathland. Kemp 1966; Mitchell 1976; Thomas 1968. 238. Cecropis nigricans. Tree Martin. Widespread but uncommon in open-forest, woodland, heathland and grassland. 171 239. Cecropis ariel. Fairy Martin. A rare vagrant. Cooper (1975) mentions two records on Wilsons Promontory. Aston (1954) mentions a pair at Calrossie and Salter and Salter (1959) two from Wilsons Promontory. MOTACILLIDAE 240. Anthus novaeseelandiae. Richard’s Pipit. (B) Widespread but uncommon in grassland. Anon. 1958; Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966. CAMPEPHAGIDAE 241. Coracina novaehollandiae. Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike. (B) Widespread and common in all treed habitats except tall open-forest. Flocks were seen for- aging in grassland and heathland during winter. Anon. 1976; Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976. 172 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 2) L| a 242. Coracina papuensis. White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike. A rare vagrant. Recorded from Wilsons Pro- montory (Cooper 1975), north of Yarram (Aston 1954) and Tyers (Galbraith 1966a). 243. Coracina tenuirostris. Cicadabird. Restricted and rare. The only record is from Boola State Forest in the north of the survey area (Loyn pers. comm.). 244. Lalage sueurii. White-winged Triller. A rare vagrant recorded on Wilsons Promon- tory (Cooper 1975) and Tyers (Cohn 1930). MUSCICAPIDAE 245. Zoothera dauma. White’s Thrush. (B) Commonly occurs in tall open-forest, but occasionally recorded from other habitats with dense middle storey and sparse ground cover including open-forest and coastal scrub. Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976. 246. Turdus merula. Blackbird. (B) VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA Widespread and common in all habitats with patches of tall shrubs above sparse ground cover. Aston 1954; Friend and McDonald 1975; Homann 1965; Lyndon 1969a and 1976; Quinn 1976. 247. Turdus philomelos. Song Thrush. Restricted and rare. Recorded at Loy Yang by Friend and McDonald (1975). 248. Petroicarosea. Rose Robin. (B) Usually restricted to tall open-forest, where they are rare, and occasional sightings in farm- land over winter. Collins and Collins 1967; Elvish 1969. Мегой | ШЕ ШЕНШДЕ ОКЫ ШЫ ЕШ ШЕЕ Н 36 А105 NTT 249. Petroica rodinogaster. Pink Robin. (B) Usually restricted to tall open-forest, where they are rare. There are occasional sightings in farmland over winter. Moretti 1968. 173 250. Petroica phoenicea. Flame Robin. (B) Widespread and common in grassland and forest clearings. Large numbers were recorded in saltmarsh on April 20 apparently having just arrived from Tasmania. Mitchell 1976. 251. Petroica multicolor. Scarlet Robin. (B) Widespread and common in open-forest with sparse understorey. Many birds move into grassland during winter. 174 Anon. 1976; Friend and McDonald 1975; Kemp 1966; Mitchell 1976; Padfield 1972; Quinn 1967. 252. Eopsaltria australis. Eastern Yellow Robin. (B) Widespread and common in all forested habi- tats and coastal scrub. Anon. 1958; Brewster 1972; Friend and Mc- Donald 1975; Galbraith 1973; Lyndon 1960 and 1976; Mitchell 1976; Padfield 1972; 'Thomas 1968. 253. Microeca leucophaea. Jacky Winter. Restricted to the north and east of the survey area where it occurs in woodland and forest clearings. Anon. 1976 Aston 1954; Friend and Mc- Donald 1975; Galbraith 1967b; Gilmore 1977; Kemp 1966; Quinn 1966. 254. Falcunculus frontatus. Crested Shrike-tit. Widespread in all forested habitats but rarely seen. Aston 1954; Mitchell 1954; Quinn 1966; Wheeler 1976. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 255. Pachycephala olivacea. Olive Whistler. (B) Restricted to tall open-forests, coastal scrub and heathland or habitats with dense shrub thickets and sparse ground cover. Aston 1954; Collins and Collins 1967; Lyn- don 1967; Mitchell 1976. 256. Pachycephala pectoralis. Golden Whistler. (B) Widespread and common in all forested habitats. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA Collins and Collins 1967; Friend and Mc- Donald 1975; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976; Smith 1967; Thomas 1968. 257. Pachycephala rufiventris. Rufous Whistler. (B) Widespread in open-forest where it is common. It is a summer migrant to the survey area. Anon. 1958; Anon. 1976; Friend and Mc- Donald 1975; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976; Thomas 1968. 258. Colluricincla harmonica. Grey Shrike-thrush. (B) Widespread and common in all forest and woodland habitat types and coastal scrub. Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1973; Jacobs 1968b; Lyndon 1960; Mitchell 1976. 259. Monarcha melanopsis. Black-faced Monarch. Only one record from Wilsons Promontory (Buckingham 1976a). 175 260. Myiagra rubecula. Leaden Flycatcher. A rare vagrant recorded from Wilsons Pro- montory (Cooper 1975 and Salter and Salter 1959), the Loy Yang area (Friend and Mc- Donald 1975) and the Boola area (Traill 1977). 261. Myiagra cyanoleuca. Satin Flycatcher. (B) A summer migrant that is widespread but un- common in all open-forest habitats. 176 Anon. 1972; Aston 1954; Friend and Mc- Donald 1975; Galbraith 1965; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976; Thomas 1968. 262. Myiagra inquieta. Restless Flycatcher. A rare vagrant that usually frequents cleared areas of woodland or farmland with scattered trees. Buckingham 1976; Cooper 1975; Lyndon 1977d; Mitchell 1976. 263. Rhipidura rufifrons. Rufous Fantail.(B) Restricted to, but common in, tall open-forest. Anon. 1972; Aston 1954; Collins and Collins 1967; Friend and McDonald 1975; Lyndon 1969b. 264. Rhipidura fuliginosa. Widespread and abundant wherever there are patches of tall shrubs. Bedggood 1974; Collins and Collins 1967; Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1961; Jacobs 1968b; Kemp 1966; Lyndon 1960; Mitchell 1976; Thomas 1968. Grey Fantail. (B) in all habitats K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 265. Rhipidura leucophrys. (B) Widespread and common in grasslands. Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967. Willie Wagtail. ORTHONYCHIDAE 266. Psophodes olivaceus. (B) Widespread and common in tall open-forest with isolated occurrences in wetter gullies out- side this habitat. Eastern Whipbird. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 177 Anon. 1972; Aston 1954; Friend and McDon- ald 1975; Lyndon 1960; Mitchell 1976; Smith 1967; Sugars 1892. 267. Cinclosoma punctatum. Spotted Quail-thrush. Widespread but uncommon in open-forest with sparse understorey. Mitchell 1953. 270. Cisticola exilis. Golden-headed Cisticola. (B) Widespread and common in saltmarsh and rank grassland near swamps. Galbraith, M. 1965; Quinn 1967. SYLVIIDAB 268. Acrocephalus stentoreus. Clamorous Reed Warbler. (B) Widespread but rare in reedbeds adjacent to swamps and rivers. Quinn 1967. 271. Cinclorhamphus mathewsi. Rufous Songlark. Cooper (1975) records it as a rare migrant in woodland on Wilsons Promontory. Aston (1954) provides a further record from "north of Yarram". PANE EE BnWnIsA^nB E БЕШ Ж ШЕР V ue а” 25 269. Megalurus gramineus. Little Grassbird. (B) Widespread but uncommon in mangrove and saltmarsh areas. Anon. 1976; Quinn 1967. 178 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 272. Cinclorhamphus cruralis. Brown Songlark. Cooper (1975) records it as a rare migrant in grassland on Wilsons Promontory. Aston (1954) provides a further record from “near Yarram”. MALURIDAE 273. Malurus cyaneus. Superb Fairy-wren. (B) Widespread and abundant in all habitats with patches of dense shrubs. Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1968; Jacobs 1968b; Kemp 1966; Lyndon, D. 1972; Lyndon, E. 1976; Mitchell 1976; Padfield 1972; Quinn 1967; Smith 1967; Sugars 1892. 274. Stipiturus malachurus. Southern Emu-wren. Restricted to heathland where it is common. Aston 1954; Davis 1965; Mitchell 1976. ACANTHIZIDAE 275. Pycnoptilus floccosus. Pilotbird. (B) Restricted to tall open-forest where it is un- common. Aston 1954. 276. Sericornis magnirostris. Large-billed Scrubwren. Restricted to mature tall open-forest where it is rare. Wakefield (1959) mentions an early record from Boolarra. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 179 277. Sericornis frontalis. White-browed Scrubwren. (B) Widespread and common in all habitats with patches of dense shrubs. Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1973; Lyndon D. 1972; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967. 278. Sericornis pyrrhopygius. Chestnut-rumped Hylacola. (B) Restricted to woodlands with a heathy under- storey. 279. Sericornis fuliginosus. Calamanthus. (B) Restricted to saltmarsh where it is common and heathland where it is uncommon. Anon. 1976; Aston 1954; Mitchell Quinn 1967. 1976; 280. Smicrornis brevirostris. Weebill. Only one record from the survey area on Wil- sons Promontory (Cooper 1975). 281. Gerygone olivacea. White-throated Gerygone. One record from the survey area at Tyers (Cohn 1926). 282. Acanthiza pusilla. Brown Thornbill. (B) Widespread and abundant in all habitats with thickets of dense shrubs. Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1973; Kemp 1966; Lyndon 1976. 180 283. Acanthiza reguloides. Buff-rumped Thornbill. Widespread and uncommon in open-forest with sparse ground cover. 284. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa. Yellow-rumped Thornbill. (B) Widespread and common in grassland. Friend and McDonald 1975; Quinn 1966 and 1967. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 285. Acanthiza nana. Yellow Thornbill. (B) Widespread but rare in tall open-forest, open- forest and coastal scrub. Kemp 1966; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966; Salter and Salter 1959. 286. Acanthiza lineata. Striated Thornbill. (B) Widespread and common in all forested habitats. Aston 1954; Friend and McDonald 1975; Lyn- don, D. 1972; Lindon, E. 1976; Mitchell 1976. NEOSITTIDAE 287. Daphoenositta chrysoptera. Varied Sittella. (B) Widespread and common in all forest and woodland habitats. Aston 1954; Friend and McDonald 1975; Lambert 1967; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA CLIMACTERIDAE 288. Climacteris leucophaea. White-throated Treecreeper. Widespread and common in all forested habitats. Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1971; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976. 289. Climacteris erythrops. Red-browed Treecreeper. Restricted to tall open-forest where it is rare. Anon. 1972; Quinn 1966; Wheeler 1976. 181 290. Climacteris picumnus. Brown Treecreeper. Two single sightings on Wilson Promontory are the only records for the survey area (Cooper ТӨ? MELIPHAGIDAE 291. Anthochaera carunculata. Red Wattlebird. Widespread and common in all forested habi- tats and coastal scrub or woodland dominated by Banksia spp. Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1973; Jacobs 1968b; Lyndon 1966a, 1968 and 19692; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966 and 1967. 292. Anthochaera chrysoptera. Little Wattlebird. Widespread and common in coastal areas. Anon. 1958; Bedggood 1974; Jacobs 1968b; Mitchell 1976. 182 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 293. Philemon corniculatus. Noisy Friarbird. The only records are those mentioned in Quinn (1966). 294. Xanthomyza phrygia. Regent Honeyeater. A rare vagrant to the Tyers area in open- forest (Galbraith 1960). Bell Miner. A rare vagrant south of the Latrobe River. Aston (1954) provides a record of “аһош 295. Manorina melanophrys. six heard calling in gully in Boodyarn Forest" and Forester (1975) mentions their visiting Won Wron. Homann 1967. 296. Manorina melanocephala. Noisy Miner. (B) Restricted to woodlands where they are un- common. Friend and McDonald 1975; Kemp 1966; Mitchell 1976. РА ee Y | eu Р 297. Meliphaga lewinii. Lewin's Honeyeater. (B) VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA A rare species of tall open-forest. Collins апа Collins 1967; Johnstone 1969b; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976. 298. Lichenostomus chrysops. Yellow-faced Honeyeater. (B) Widespread and common in all forest and woodland communities. Galbraith 1973. 299. Lichenostomus virescens. Singing Honeyeater. The only record is from Wonthaggi (Thomas 1968). 300. Lichenostomus leucotis. White-eared Honeyeater. (B) 183 Widespread and common in open-forest and coastal scrub. Galbraith 1973; Kemp 1966; Sugars 1892. 301. Lichenostomus melanops. Yellow-tufted Honeyeater. Range now restricted in South Gippsland. Cooper (1967) mentions old records of this species from Yarrum (sic), Outrum (sic) and Strzelecki Ranges. He quotes A. J. North who claimed that L. m. cassidix (as Meliphaga cassidix) was the commonest bird in the heavily timbered ranges at Childers prior to settlement and widespread clearing. Wakefield's (1958) review of the species complex lists specimens of L. m. cassidix (as Meliphaga cassidix) from the South Gippsland area. The subspecies L. m. gippslandica is common near Tyers in the north of the study area (Galbraith 1961, Traill 1977). 302. Lichenostomus penicillatus. White-plumed Honeyeater. Restricted to the western edge of the survey 184 area where it is uncommon, in woodland and urban areas. Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967; Thomas 1968. 303. Melithreptus brevirostris. Brown-headed Honeyeater. (B) А summer migrant that is widespread and com- mon in all forest and woodland habitats. Aston 1954; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966. 304. Melithreptus lunatus. White-naped Honeyeater. Widespread and common in all forested habitats. Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1973; Mitchell 1976. 305. Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera. Crescent Honeyeater. (B) Widespread and common in habitats with a dense shrubby stratum to 2 m. Anon. 1976; Kemp 1966; Lyndon 1966b; Mitchell 1976, K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 306. Phylidonyris novaehollandiae. New Holland Honeyeater. (B) Widespread and common in coastal scrub with occasional records in open-forest. Aston 1954; Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1973; Lyndon 1966a; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966. 307. Phylidonyris melanops. Tawny-crowned Honeyeater. (B) Restricted to heathland where it is common. Aston 1954; Davis 1965; Friend and McDon- ald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 185 308. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris. Eastern Spinebill. (B) Widespread throughout all forest and wood- land habitats. Anon. 1976; Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1973; Kemp 1966; Lyndon, D. 1972; Lyndon 1966a and 1976; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967; Smith 1967. DICAEIDAE 311. Dicaeum hirundinaceum. Mistletoebird. (B) Widespread in open-forest but rarely recorded. Aston 1954; Lambert 1967; Lyndon 1968; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966. 309. Myzomela sanguinolenta. Scarlet Honeyeater. A. таге vagrant recorded at Tyers (Burgess 1966) and Wilsons Promontory (Hardy 1906). PARDALOTIDAE 312. Pardalotus punctatus. Spotted Pardalote. (B) Widespread in all forested habitats where it is common. EPHTHIANURIDAE 310. Ephthianura albifrons. White-fronted Chat. (B) Widespread in saltmarsh and grassland near water. Aston 1954; Cohn 1926; Jacobs 1968a. 186 K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST Friend and McDonald 1975; Quinn 1966 and 1967. 313. Pardalotus striatus. Striated Pardalote. Widespread and uncommon in all forested habitats. Anon. 1976; Aston 1954; Mitchell 1976; Friend and McDonald 1975. 316. Carduelis chloris. European Greenfinch. Restricted to coastal scrub and urban areas where it is rare. Bedggood 1974; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967; Lyndon 1978b. ZOSTEROPIDAE 314. Zosterops lateralis. Silvereye. Occurs principally in coastal scrub where it is common but also recorded in heathland and open-forest where there are thickets of shrubs. Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974; Collins and Collins 1967; Friend and McDonald 1975: Jacobs 1968; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976; Thomas 1968. PASSERIDAE 317. Passer domesticus. House Sparrow. (B) Widespread and common in grasslands and towns. Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967; Friend and McDonald 1975. FRINGILLIDAE 315. Carduelis carduelis. European Goldfinch. (B) Widespread and common in grassland. Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966 and 1967. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 318. Passer montanus. Tree Sparrow. Recorded near Reeves Beach (Aston 1954). PLOCEIDAE 319. Emblema temporalis. Red-browed Firetail. (B) Widespread in all forested habitats. Anon. 1976; Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974; Collins and Collins 1967; Friend and McDon- ald 1975; Lyndon 1976; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966. 320. Emblema bella. Beautiful Firetail. 187 Rarely recorded in tall open-forest and heath- land. Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976. STURNIDAE 321. Sturnus vulgaris. Common Starling. (B) Widespread and common in grassland. Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966. 322. Acridotheres tristis. Соттоп Myna. Widespread and common in grasslands and towns. Lyndon, D. 1972; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1966 and 1967. ORIOLIDAE 323. Oriolus sagittatus. Olive-backed Oriole. (B) A summer migrant that is widespread and common in open-forest. Friend and McDonald 1975; Traill 1977. PARADISAEIDAE 324. Ptilonorhynchus violaceus. Satin Bowerbird. Winter migrants. Restricted to the edge of open-forest in the far north of the survey area. Galbraith 1966b and 1967a. CORCORACIDAE 325. Corcorax melanorhamphos. White-winged Chough. Restricted to open-forest in the east and north of the survey area where it is uncommon. Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST GRALLINIDAE 326. Grallina cyanoleuca. Australian Magpie-lark. (B) Widespread and common in grassland and woodland. Quinn 1966 and 1967; Thomas 1968. ARTAMIDAE 327. Artamus superciliosus. White-browed Woodswallow. A rare vagrant recorded on Wilsons Promon- tory in 1972 (Cooper 1975). Small numbers were recorded between Toora and Macks Creek by Bedggood (1974). 328. Artamus cyanopterus. Dusky Woodswallow. (B) Widespread and common in woodlands and forest clearings. Appears to be a partial migrant. Aston 1954; Cohn 1930; Mitchell 1976; Quinn 1967. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA CRACTICIDAE 329. Cracticus torquatus. Grey Butcherbird. (B) Widespread but uncommon in open-forest and shrub thickets in grassland. Anon. 1976; Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Quinn 1966. 330. Gymnorhina tibicen. Australian Magpie. (B) Widespread and abundant in grassland. Kemp 1966. 189 331. Strepera graculina. Pied Currawong. Widespread in all habitats but rarely recorded. Probably a winter migrant from the Central Highlands. Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975; Galbraith 1973. 332. Strepera versicolor. (B) Widespread and rare in all forested habitats and woodland. Aston 1954; Bedggood 1974; Friend and McDonald 1975. Grey Currawong. B өс BEN ШЕШЕ, "NR Д SENARE AICS А || [vo “С, CORVIDAE 333. Corvus coronoides. Australian Raven. (B) Widespread in open-forest, woodland and grassland where it is common. Friend and McDonald 1975; Mitchell 1976; Rowley 1970. 190 334. Corvus tasmanicus. Forest Raven. (B) Restricted to tall open-forest, open-forest and woodland on Wilsons Promontory where it is common. Rowley 1970. 335. Corvus mellori. Little Raven. Widespread and common in woodland and grassland. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST Appendix 3 Annotated list of reptiles from the South Gippsland Area CHELIDAE 336. Chelodina longicollis. Long-necked Tortoise. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Locally com- mon. Restricted to the La Trobe river catch- ment and associated lagoons and water storages in the Traralgon-Rosedale area. Johnstone 19693. HABITAT. Lowland rivers, swamps, dams апа lagoons. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1976 (Chessman pers. comm. ). AGAMIDAE 337. Amphibolurus muricatus. Jacky Lizard. DISTRIBUTION. AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon. Restricted to the east and west of the survey area. HABITAT. Scrub and heath woodland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Obpserved in FWD Survey). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 191 VARANIDAE 338. Varanus varius. Lace Monitor. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and locally common in the north-east and south but absent from Wilsons Promontory. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Cape Liptrap. Wildes 1970. HaBiTAT. Woodland and open-forest. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD Survey). 341. Egernia saxatilis. Black Rock Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE, Uncommon and apparently restricted to the South Gipps- land Highlands. НАВІТАТ. Rock outcrops, tree stumps and logs in the ranges. Most RECENT RECORD. 1977 (Observed in FWD survey). SCINCIDAE 339. Anotis maccoyi. McCoy's Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common in South Gippsland Highlands and Wilsons Promontory. HABITAT. Tall open-forests. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49182). 342. Egernia whitii. White’s Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and locally common in coastal areas. Isolated occurrence on Seal Island but not on nearby 340. Egernia coventryi. Mourning Skink. DISTRIBUTON AND ABUNDANCE. Rare and re- stricted to areas near the coast. НАВІТАТ. Swamps and wet heath. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1975 (ММУ D47895). 192, Notch, Rag and Cliffy Islands where Spheno- morphus tympanum is found. HABITAT. Coastal shrubland and heath. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49046). 343. Lampropholis delicata. Delicate Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common but restricted to the east. НАВІТАТ. Lowland heath and shrub woodland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49006). 344. Lampropholis guichenoti. Garden Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. HABITAT. All open-forest, woodland and heath communities but not tall open-forest. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV 049279). ө ФОООО | E © Ге өөө 7 БЕНЕ СЕР Weasel Skink. 345. Lampropholis mustelina DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon but widespread. НАВІТАТ. Lowland and foothill woodland and and open-forest communities on the South Gippsland Highlands. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D49139) K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST 346. Leiolopisma coventryi. Coventry's Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon and restricted. HABITAT. Tall open-forest and open-forest communities on the South Gippsland High- lands. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D48741). 347. Leiolopisma entrecasteauxii. Grass Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon and apparently restricted to coastal areas. VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA HABITAT. Coastal dune tussocks throughout. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D49215). 348. Leiolopisma metallica. Metallic Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. Occurs on most islands. НАВІТАТ. Coastal woodland, tall open-forest and island tussock grassland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49114). 349. Leiolopisma trilineata. Three-lined Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon but widespread. HABITAT. Coastal scrub and shrub woodland and inland heath woodland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ 047666). 350. Lerista bougainvillii. Bougainville’s Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon and restricted to coastal areas. Isolated occur- rence on Seal Island but absent from nearby Notch, Rag and Cliffy Islands. 193 HABITAT. Sandy soils along coastline with coastal scrub vegetation. Seal Island has Poa poiformis tussock grassland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ 049059). 351. Pseudemoia spenceri. Spencer’s Skink. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon and restricted. HABITAT. Tall open-forest. Usually occurs on sunlit stumps and logs. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D48726). 352. Sphenomorphus tympanum. Southern Water Skink. 194 (This is the “Cool Temperate” form of Raw- linson 1971.) DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. Notable occurrence on some is- lands, namely, Rabbit, Cliffy, Notch, Rag and Great Glennie Islands. It does not occur on nearby Seal Island. HABITAT. All mainland environments except coastal scrub. The species is most common on stream banks. Offshore islands are of tussock grassland (Роа _ poiformis) with scattered shrubs and rocky promontories. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49122). 353. Tiliqua nigrolutea. Blotched Bluetongue. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Widespread and common. НАВІТАТ. АП vegetation types with the possible exception of tall open-forest and saltmarsh and mangrove. Especially abundant in coastal areas. MosT RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D48965). 354. Tiliqua scincoides. Common Bluetongue. K. C. NORRIS, А. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon and restricted. HaBiTAT. Grassland and shrub woodland in the east of the survey area. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D49045). ELAPIDAE 355. Austrelaps superba. Copperhead Snake. (This is the “lowlands” form of Copperhead in Rawlinson 1971b.) DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. HABITAT. All vegetation types in the survey area except saltmarsh and mangrove. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D49264). 356. Cryptophis nigrescens. Small-eyed Snake. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. One record marginal to the survey area. НАВІТАТ. Open-forest and woodland, particu- larly in rocky areas. The above mentioned record was from a rocky ridge in woodland (Gilmore 1977). MOST RECENT RECORD, 1975 (NMV D47332). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 195 357. Drysdalia coronoides. White-lipped Snake. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon but widespread. HABITAT. Most vegetation types. Found іп forest clearings and coastal scrub. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D48945). 358. Notechis scutatus. "Tiger Snake. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. HABITAT. All vegetation types in the survey area except dry woodland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D48784). Brown Snake. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon and restricted. Local reports from eastern coastal areas. HABITAT. Probably farmland and open wood- land. MosT RECENT RECORD. None documented. 359. Pseudonaja textilis. ) ЛЕН ШЕННЕН! АКЫЛ ed IRI 360. Pseudechis porphyriacus. Red-bellied Black Snake. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common in the east but absent elsewhere. HABITAT. Shrub woodland swamps. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV 048968). and lowland Appendix 4 Annotated list of amphibians from the South Gippsland Area LEPTODACTYLIDAE 361. Crinia signifera. Common Eastern Froglet. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. HABITAT. All moist freshwater areas including rivers, swamps, drains and wet forests. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49243). 196 ZI coe 362. Geocrinia haswelli. Haswell’s Frog. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon and restricted to the eastern Mullungdung Forest. HABITAT. Swamps and fire dams in inland heath woodland vegetation. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D48758). 363. Geocrinia victoriana. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and P. W. MENKHORST HaBiTAT. Throughout tall open-forest but re- stricted to streams, swamps and dams in dry forest and woodland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49191). 364. Heleioporus australiacus. Giant Burrowing Frog. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Rare through- out its range and restricted here to the north of the survey area. HaBiTAT. Has been found associated with small streams (Littlejohn and Martin 1967). MOST RECENT RECORD. 1966 (Littlejohn and Martin 1967). 365. Limnodynastes dumerillii. Eastern Banjo Frog. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE, Common and widespread. HaBiTAT. All vegetation communities but es- pecially in the vicinity of farm dams, swamps and slow flowing streams. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D49225). VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA 366. Limnodynastes peronii. Brown-striped Frog. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Usually associated with permanent freshwater particularly dams and swamps in most vegetation types. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D49223). 367. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis. Spotted Grass Frog. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Most commonly found near swamps and drains in low altitude areas but also occurs in higher altitude farmland. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D49258). Toadlet. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon and restricted to the northern edge of the sur- 368. Pseudophryne dendyi. vey area. HABITAT. Montane and riparian forests. MOST RECENT RECORD. Brook 1975. 197 369. Pseudophryne semimarmorata. Southern Toadlet. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. HABITAT. Open-forest, woodland and grassland, particularly in swampy or at least moist loca- tions. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49247). чаша З ” М ЛА IS t Vai 370. Uperoleia marmorata. Yellow-spotted Toadlet. 198 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon and restricted. HABITAT. Swamps in lowland heath woodland communities. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1976 (Gilmore 1977). HYLIDAE 371. Litoria ewingii. Brown Tree Frog. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. HABITAT. All vegetation types but particularly tall open-forest, open-forest, swamps and streams. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49280). 372. Litoria lesueurii. Lesueur’s Frog. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Uncommon but probably widespread. HABITAT. Most forest vegetation types but often in association with rocky, fast flowing streams. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D48793). K. C. NORRIS, A. M. GILMORE and Р. W. MENKHORST 373. Litoria peronii. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. One record only from the north-east edge of the study area. НАВІТАТ. Usually associated with streams and swamps. MOST RECENT RECORD. Brook 1975. 374. Litoria phyllochroa. Leaf Green Tree Frog. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. One record from the northern edge of the study area. HABITAT. River beds and vegetation along stream banks. MOST RECENT RECORD. Brook 1975. 375. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. Litoria raniformis. HABITAT. Invariably associated with rivers, dams and swamps. MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (ММУ D49217). 199 VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SOUTH GIPPSLAND, VICTORIA MOST RECENT RECORD. 1977 (NMV D49259). HABITAT. Most vegetation types but most com- monly found near streams, dams and swamps. 376. Litoria verreauxii. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. Common and widespread. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE AVIFAUNA OF THE GIPPSLAND LAKES CATCHMENT AND HINTERLAND By I. MANSERGH,* A. R. МсЕукү, C. A. BELCHER,* AND К. A. MENKHORST * Fisheries and Wildlife Division, Ministry for Conservation, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084. t Curator of Birds, National Museum of Victoria, 71 Victoria Crescent, Abbotsford, Victoria 3067. ABSTRACT An annotated bibliography of the avifauna of the Gippsland Lakes catchment and hinter- land is presented. Part I lists 729 references alphabetically; Part II lists the 323 species reported in the area and cross-references these to the sources given in Part 1. Registration numbers of specimens in the National Museum of Victoria pertaining to the hinterland are also provided. INTRODUCTION During 1977-78 the Wildlife Survey Unit of the Fisheries and Wildlife Division, Victoria, conducted a survey of the vertebrate fauna (ex- cluding fish) of the Gippsland Lakes catch- ment area (Fig. 1). This study was part of an overall environmental assessment of the region by the Victorian Ministry for Conservation. At the same time the Wildlife Survey Unit undertook a similar survey of the Gippsland Lakes Hinterland Study Area for the Land Conservation Council (L.C.C.). This study area is predominantly contained within the Gippsland Lakes catchment, but extends over the eastern boundary (Fig. 1). In conjunction with the Ornithology Depart- ment of the National Museum of Victoria literature pertaining to the avifauna of the catchment and hinterland study areas was searched. Historical records were an important aid in the effort to evaluate the effects of changing land-use patterns on wildlife and to ascertain the present state of ornithological knowledge of the area. The following biblio- graphy of the avifauna is one result of this re- search and should be valuable to other ornitho- logists interested in this area, in particular species, or in avian distribution in general. The Gippsland Lakes and catchment encom- pass 20600 Кт? of eastern Victoria. The area of the L.C.C. Gippsland Lakes Hinterland out- side the catchment is approximately 900 km". Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, No. 40, July 1979. The Lakes themselves cover 410 km? and have a perimeter (including Lake Reeve) of 560 km. Elevation of the catchment ranges from Mt Hotham (1862 m) to sea-level, creating a diverse range of altitudinally conditioned habi- tats, from the drier, warmer lowlands to the cooler, wetter highlands. The catchment con- tains alpine communities, subalpine woodland and herbfields, open forest, woodland, agricul- tural, silvicultural and coastal areas, swamp, salt marsh and habitats associated with the Lakes. This environmental diversity provides for a wide range of avian species. In the sources examined 121 passerine and 202 non- passerine species were recorded. METHODS The bibliography was compiled from articles in the following sources: 1. The Emu (Emu). Volumes 1 to 77 (1901-1977). 2. The Bird Observer and B.O.C. Monthly Notes (Both titles listed as: Bird Ob- server). Numbers 1 to 554 (July 1931 to Jan. 1978). Some issues are not num- bered and are referenced by dates only. 3. World Bird Day, District Bird Lists, 1953, 1954, 1955-56, and 1957. 1958- 61, Part П, Victoria and N.S.W. was only available in manuscript form and has not been searched. Supplement to the Bird Observer. (Reference given more or less in full.) 201 I. MANSERGH, A. R. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and K. A. MENKHORST River Latrobe * Warragul are o со ч — 37 — Mt. Deception г `~ Vax Mt.Delusion So Lakes Entrance 38°— Gippsland Lakes Catchment Gippsland Lakes Hinterland — 148° Figure 1—The Gippsland Lakes Catchment and Hinterland Study Areas The Gippsland Lakes Catchment is defined by natural topographical features whilst the boundary of the Hinterland has been determined by the Land Conservation Council. The Australian Bird Watcher (Aust. Bird Watcher) Volumes 1 to 7 (4) (1959 to Dec., 1977). The Victorian Naturalist (Victorian Nat.). Volumes 1 to 94 (6) (1884 to Dec., 1977). The Latrobe Valley Naturalist and La- trobe Valley Naturalists’ Monthly News- letter (Both titles listed as: Latrobe Valley Nat.). Issues 1 to 177 (Oct. 1963 to Mar. 1978). Clematis (Clematis). Volumes 1 to 16. (1962 to 1977). References from other sources include monographs, diaries of early explorers and settlers, newspapers and scientific journals not listed above. (These are given official or descriptive titles.) A reference to a journal other than the above does not imply that other issues of that journal have been searched. The bibliography is presented in two parts. Part I lists published and unpublished accounts under the name(s) of the author(s) or or- ganization concerned. Where an author uses different names, for example “Wakefield, М. A.” and "Wakefield, Norman", these are not syn- onymized. Accounts written by joint authors appear under the first name only. Comments in square brackets are explanatory intrusions BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA and do not appear in the original. Articles in Part I are sequentially numbered and these numbers are prefaced with the first letter of the authors name. Each letter of the alphabet be- gins a new numerical sequence. An asterisk beside an author indicates that the item is not cross referenced to Part II because of the un- specific nature of the stated locality or for other reasons given in brackets. Part П lists the species reported in the study area-with cross references to the sources given in Part I. Numbers in bold face (W10) indi- cate a breeding record,* those in italics (И/10) indicate that additional information is con- tained in the reference (e.g. behaviour, feed- ing, habitat) and a number in Roman type (W10) indicates a locality record with little or no additional information. Numbers of regis- tered (B—, R—, unprefixed) and unregistered (W—) specimens іп the Ornithology Depart- ment, National Museum of Victoria are in- cluded after the literature references. These specimens are housed in either the skin, skele- tal, spirit, nest or egg collections. Specimen numbers pertain to birds from the L.C.C. Gippsland Lakes Hinterland Study Area only. Тһе scientific nomenclature and systematic ar- rangement conforms with Condon, H. T., 1975. Checklist of the Birds of Australia, I. Non- Passerines. Melbourne, R.A.O.U, and Schodde, R., 1975. Interim List of Australian Songbirds. Passerines. Melbourne R.A.O.U. As many authors have used out-dated common (Eng- lish) names these have been standardized in conformity with those adopted by the R.A.O.U. (1978) in Recommended English Names for Australian Birds. Emu 77 Supplement. Readers should refer back to the original if in doubt as to the interpretation or conversion of these names. It must be appreciated that the following records have varying degrees of reliability and * A breeding record signifies statement of: nesting, nest(s) with egg(s) young in nest or recently fledged young. References to nests that do not include data on eggs or young are not given breeding record status. Breeding records may also contain additional information. 203 no attempt has been made to edit doubtful ones. The search of literature revealed reports of several species whose recorded ranges are outside the survey area. Some of these reports may be unusual but legitimate sightings while others may be misidentifications. Where only one or two records for a species exist in the literature, the reader is advised to proceed with caution, as they do not necessarily estab- lish the presence of the species in the study area. For such birds further field records or specimens would be desirable. Every effort has been made to make this bibliography as comprehensive as possible but some articles may have been inadvertently omitted. Hopefully these are few but we would welcome criticism and suggestions for the im- provement of any subsequent revision. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Support for this study was provided by the Fisheries and Wildlife Division, the Land Con- servation Council, the Environmental Studies Section of the Ministry for Conservation, Vic- toria, and the National Museum of Victoria. Joan Dixon provided valuable assistance. John Adams provided references to articles in vari- ous newspapers of the region, and A. M. Gil- more gave valuable criticism. The parts of this study conducted by the Wildlife Survey Unit of the Fisheries and Wildlife Division were under the direction of W. B. Emison. A. McShane provided drafting support. Part 1— Bibliography А1. ALLAN, Peter, 1976, Dairy Farm Birds. Bird Observer 533 (April): 27. A2.*ANON., 1847. Journal of an Expedition which started from Melbourne; 6 March 1847, in search of a white woman supposed to be de- tained amongst the aborigines of Gippsland. (Latrobe Library, MS. H4224, Box 18/11.) [Contains list of ‘Warigle’ names for 13 birds; according to Howitt (1904) tribe in catchment was cailed Kurnai.] АЗ. —————,, 1885. Field Naturalists’ Club of Vic- toria: exhibits. Victorian Nat. 1: 134. А4. —————,, 1885. [Notes on exhibitions]. Vic- torian Nat. 2: 16. [Exhibit by T. А, Forbes— Leith.] AS. —————,, 1891. Exhibition of specimens. Kic- torian Nat. 8: 85. 204 A6. —— ————, 1894. [Untitled]. Gippsland Mercury Tues., 10 July: 2. [Destruction of wildlife.] АТ. ————, 1895. Exhibition of specimens. Vic- torian Nat. 11: 146, A8. ——————, 1903. Hill Advoc. Tues., 23 June: 2. A9. ——————-, 1905. Notes and notices: a remark- able parrot. Emu 5: 51. End. Мағғасап Shire A10. —— ———, 1914. General business. Victorian Nat. 31: 38. 'A11. 1914. General business. Victorian Nat. 31: 50. 12: , 1920. Natural history notes. Vic- torian Nat. 36: 163. [Note by C. Daley.] A13. ————, 1922. Exhibits. Victorian Nat. 39: 44, [of A. E. Rodda.]} А14. —— ———, 1922. Exhibits. 57. [of A. E. Rodda.] А15. ——— ———,. 1922. Exhibits. 69. [of A. E. Rodda.] A16. ——————, 1923, Correspondence. Victorian Nat. 40: 17. [Letter from W. E. Briggs, R. H. Croll, Dr. Heber concerning reservation of land near Glenaladale.] 1937. October meeting. Bird Ob- server (Nov.): 1. A18. ——————, 1942. Subject for the evening, Vic- torian Nar. 59: 58. [Note of A. D. Hardy.] Victorian Nat. 39: Victorian Nat. 39: А17. А19. 1945, Restoration of natural ent- rance. Bairnsdale Advert. Tues., 20 Nov.: 5. A20. , 1954. Grand old pioneer recalls the early days. Gippsland News Thurs., 3 June: 1. A21. , 1956. October study meeting. Bird Observer 300 (Nov.): 1. A22. 1962. Worth mentioning: White Cockatoos. Clematis 1: 11. A23. , 1963. General meeting—October 14, 1963. Victorian Nat. 80: 229. [Article read from Bairnsdale Advertiser,] A24. ————, 1963. Toorloo hoodoo. Bird Ob- server 385 (Dec.): 4. [Extract from Bairnsdale Advertiser.] А25. 1964, B.O.C. Christmas-New Year camp at Licola, Victoria. Bird Observer 390 (May): 3-4. А26. ——————, 1965. Worth mentioning. Clematis 4: 11 A27. ——————, 1970. Bird notes, Observer 469 (Dec.): 7-12. A28, ——— ——, 1971. Latrobe Valley Lyrebirds. Moe Advoc. Wed., 23 June: 2. ------ 1971. 1970-71. Bird notes (соп- tinued), Bird Observer 478 (Sept.) : 7-8. A30. —— ———, 1971. 1970-71. Bird notes (соп- tinued). Bird Observer 479 (Oct.) : 7-8. A31. ——————, 1971. 1970-71, Bird notes (соп- tinued). Bird Observer 480 (Nov.); 8. A32. ——————, 1971. 1970-71. Bird notes (con- tinued). Bird Observer 481 (Dec.): 8. . —————, 1971. Specimen table 26th February. Latrobe Valley Nat. 87: 1. A34. —————. 1972. Bird notes 1970-71 tinued). Bird Observer 483 (Feb.): 8-12. .———————, 1972. Birds at Mt Howitt. Latrobe Valley Nat. 99: 7. ------, 1972. Worth mentioning: the Deli- cate Owl. Clematis 1: 3. [Read 1962,1 1969-70. Bird (con- I, MANSERGH, А. К. McEVEY, С, A. BELCHER and K. A. MENKHORST A37 A38 A39 ‚ ———— 1973, Bird notes—July, 1971-June, 1972. Bird Observer 495 (Feb.): 8. .—— —— ———, 1973. Bird notes—July, 1971-June, 1972. Bird Observer 496 (Mar.): 7-8. e — ——, 1973. Early naturalists’ writings—4. Victorian Nat. 90: 332-342, A40. —— — —, 1973. July general meeting: bird of the evening. Bird Observer 501 (Aug.) : 2. A41. ——————, 1974. Selected bird notes from 1 July, 1972-31 July, 1973. Bird Observer 508: (Mar.): 9. A42. ARMSTRONG, W. R., 1970. Bird watching extraordinary. Clematis 9: 21-22. A43. ARNOLD, Heather M., 1974. B.O.C. White- faced Heron survey. Bird Observer 506 (Jan.): 3. А44. ARNOLD, Н. M., 1974. B.O.C. Rainbow Bird and White-faced Heron surveys. Bird Observer 512 (July): 4-5. A45. ASHBY, Edwin, 1927. Some unsolved problems of Australian avifauna, Emu 26: 158-161. A46. ASTON, Helen, 1953. Easter trip to Walhalla. Bird Observer (June): 4, А47. ASTON, Helen and COWLING, Sidney [Eds.], 1964, Quarterly banding campout weekend, October 30th to November 1st: mist netting and banding Stoney Creek Traralgon district. V.O.R.G. News 2 (7): 3. A48. ATKINS, K. W., 1953. The Mitchell River gorge. Victorian Nat. 69: 112-115. A49. AUCHTERLONIE, Bob, 1970. My friend Willy. Latrobe Valley Nat, 75: 2-5. А50. AUDAS, J. W., 1911. Wanderings Gippsland, Victorian Nat. 27: 164-173. ‚ — — ——, 1912. Botanical gleanings оп a trip to the Omeo district. Victorian Nat. 28: 172-181. A52. AUSTIN, Claude N., 1968. Cuckoos. Bird Observer 438 (May): 4. in East ASI ВІ. BAINES, J. A., 1963. Excursion to Bairnsdale— December, 1962. Victorian Nat. 80: 79-83. B2. BAIRNSDALE FIELD NATURALISTS CLUB, 1964. Memories of coach days. Bairnsdale Advert. Thurs., 10 Dec.: 5. B3. ———— ——, 1965, Alpine excursion full of interest. Bairnsdale Advert. Thurs., 7 Jan.: 11. B4. ————_, 1965. Excursion to Scrubby Ck. Bairnsdale Advert. Tues., 15 June: 10. B5. ——————, 1967. Excursion to the Goat -Farm area. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 9 Oct.: 2. Вб. ————_, 1967. Excursion to the Pyramids. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 10 April: 8. B7. ————, 1967. Field naturalists trip to Ocean Grange. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 9 Jan.: 4. B8. ————_, 1967. Naturalists go to Billy Goat Bend. Bairnsdale Advert. Thurs., 13 July: 10. B9. — —————, 1968. Exciting jeep trip up Mt. Mc- Leod. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 16 Sept.: 5. ‚ 1968. Field nats. in Melwood area. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 24 June: 3. B11. —— ———, 1969. Bird watching at Toorloo Arm. Bairnsdale Advert. Thurs., 20 Feb.: 9, B12. —— —- —, 1969. Interesting visit to forest area. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 15 Dec.: 8. 3. , 1970. Field naturalists want more Advert. Mon., 23 В10. fauna reserves. Bairnsdale March: 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA B14. » 1970. Much of interest in Lake Tyers area. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 3 Aug.: 10. B15.———————, 1970. Naturalists help Raymond Island project. Bairnsdale Advert. Thurs., 8 Jan.: 6 ТО 11950; Nafuralibts Advert. Tues., 29 Dec.: 8. ' » 1971. Australia known as “Land of Parrots”. East Gippsland News Fri, 17 Dec.: 13. [Commentary of talk by Roy Wheeler.] — — ——, 1971. Club's trip to Howitt dam site. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 9 Aug.: 6. — — ——, 1971. East Gippsland birds fascinate watchers. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 6 Dec.: 7. » 1971. First excursion to Argus Gap trip. Bairnsdale B17. B18. B19. B23. area. Rd. Bairnsdale Advert. Thurs., 28 Jan.: 12. B21. ———————, 1971. Naturalists at Devils Glen. East Gippsland News Fri., 23 June: 4. B22. — — ——. 1971. Naturalists pan for gemstones. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 11 Jan.: 10. , 1971, Naturalists visit Boggy Creek Gorge. East Gippsland News Fri., 15 Oct.: 5. B24. ——————, 1972. Another visit to Fairy Dell. East Gippsland News Fri., 14 July: 13. B25. ——————, 1972. Excursion to forest Bairnsdale Advert. Tues., 1 Feb.: 2. B26. — — ——., 1972. Many species of birds observed. Bairnsdale Advert. 'Thurs., 8 June: 2. B27, ———_.,, 1973. Big contingent for excursion. Bairnsdale Advert. Tues., 5 June: 2. B28. ——————, 1973. Excursion to Ash Range. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 6 Aug.: 7. B29, —— ————, 1973. Excursion to Bulumwaal. East Gippsland News Fri., 12 Oct.: 11. 30. — — ——, 1973. Excursion to Tambo Valley and Lakes. Bairnsdale Advert. Tues., 30 Jan.: 14. B31. , 1973. Visit to Romawi. East Gipps- land News Fri., 24 Aug.: 5. B32. ——————, 1974. Club excursion to Mt. Bald- head, Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 7 Feb.: 12. B33. — ———, 1974. Excursion to Fernbank. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 23 Dec.: 6. [Paper misdated 1975.] ү 1975. B34 ————, Birds seen оп excursion. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 30 June: 8. B35.———————, 1975. Excursion to Marthavale, Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 29 Dec.: 4. .—————, 1976. Big crowd enjoyed excursion. Bairnsdale Advert. Thurs., 1 July: 10. B37. ———_.,, 1976. New location for excursion. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 3 May: 2. B38. ——————, 1976. Up the Crooked River with field naturalists. Bairnsdale Advert. Fri, 10 Dee: 12: B39. BARFIELD, Lottie, 1972. With birds in Fairy Dell. Clematis 11: 5-6, B40. BARRETT, Charles, 1919. In Australian wilds. The gleanings of a naturalist. Melbourne Pub- lishing Co., Melbourne. [Chapter 2, Gippsland Wilds: 36-56.] — — ——, 1931. The Weekly Times wild nature book. Herald and Weekly Times, Melbourne. B42. BARTON, E. V., 1967. Crooked River. Cle- matis 6: 12. B43. BARTON, Е. С. W., 1957. Naturalists’ note- book: Ground Parrots near Paynesville. Victorian Nat. 74: 73. B36 B41. 205 Бетон; Fred Inr. follows BARTON, Fred . W. B44. BARTON, Fred, 1936. Bird notes from Sperm Whale Head. Victorian Nat. 53: 142-143. B45, ——————. 1972. Robins are not all red-breasts. Clematis 11: 11-12. B46. BARTON, Fred C. W., 1933. Nesting of the Emu. Victorian Nat. 49: 231. B47. ———,, 1954. Naturalists’ notebook: Coots in Gippsland Lakes. Victorian Nat. 70: 175. , 1959. Along the by ways: Spangled Drongo in Victoria. Victorian Nat. 76: 101. [Noted in Part П under WAKEFIELD, М. A., 1959—W19.] —— ————, 1971. The Lakes National Park: bird list. National Parks Authority, Melbourne. B50. BARTON, Fred Jnr., 1926. Notes from field and study: the Red Wattlebird's ways. Victorian Nat. 43: 241-242, B48. B49. B51. ——— ———, 1926. Notes from field and study: the Spangled Drongo. Victorian Nat. 43: 119- 120. B52, ——————. 1927. Notes from field and study: the Oriole. Victorian Nat. 43: 273. B53, , 1928. Notes from my diary. Vic- torian Nat. 44: 332. B54. ——————, 1928. Notes from my diary, Vic- torian Nat. 45: 200. B55. — — —, 1928. Notes from my diary: April- May-June. Victorian Nat. 45: 110. B56. ——————, 1928. Shelduck as a pet. Victorian Nat. 45: 148. B57. 1929. Bird records, Victorian Nat. 46: 45. В58,->>: 1929. A correction, Victorian Nat. 46: 56. B59. , 1929. Notes from my diary. Vic- torian Nat. 46; 47. B60. BARTON, V., 1962. Mt. Clematis 1: 3. , 1966. A trip to Tali Karng. Clematis Hotham excursion. B61. Ber D5- B62. BARTON, Vin, 1972. Bairnsdale Arboretum. Clematis 11: 13-14. B63, BATEY, Isaac, 1910. Birds about Drouin, Gippsland. Emu 9: 241-245. В64.------ 1914. Stray feathers: а friendly coachwhip bird. Emu 14: 64-66. BEDGGOOD, С. W. see also BEDGGOOD, George and BEDGGOOD, George W. B65. BEDGGOOD, С. W., 1965. Field notes: birds feeding on flying ants. Bird Observer 405 (Aug.): 6. B66. ————_,, 1965. Field notes: Little Wattlebird feeding young. Bird Observer 405 (Aug.): 7. B67. —— ——, 1965. Field notes: Gang Gangs and Hawthorn berries. Bird Observer 405 (Aug.): 7. : , 1965. Field notes: notes from Metung, Victoria. Bird Observer 405 (Aug.): 6. .——— ——, 1970. Bird notes from East Gipps- land. Aust. Bird Watcher 3: 252-265. B68 B69 B70. ————_,, 1970. Field notes: Gowrie School camp at Lakes Entrance. Bird Observer 462 (May): 3-5. ) B71.——————, 1971. Field notes: Gowrie Park School second annual camp at Lakes Entrance, Bird Observer 474 (May): 5-8. 206 B72. ——————, 1977. Field notes on the Southern Stone-curlew іп Victoria. Aust. Bird Watcher 7: 35-40. B73. BEDGGOOD, George, 1972, Field Notes: Gowrie Park School Third Annual Camp at Lakes Entrance. Bird Observer 486 (May): 5-8. B74.—- —— ——, 1977. Winter oddments, Bird Ob- server 552 (Nov.): 89. B75. BEDGGOOD, George W., 1965. Field notes: bush fires and bird movement. Bird Observer 403 (June): 7-8. 6. — — —— 1967. Field notes: notes from Metung, Vic. Bird Observer 430 (Sept.) : 3-4, 1967. Field notes: New Zealand Gannet at Lakes Entrance. Bird Observer 433 (Nov.): 3-5. —-— ——, 1970. Field notes: early Spring notes. Bird Observer 467 (Oct.) : 7-8. B79. BELGRAVER, S., 1965. A visit to the Lakes (Sperm Whale Head) National Park. Latrobe Valley Nat. 25; 2-3. B80. BESTE, H., 1970. Short notes: courtship dis- play of the Diamond Firetail. Emu 70: 33. B81. BILL, Mervyn E, 1932. Lyre-birds and bush fires. Victorian Nat. 49: 24, B82, —— ——, 1933. A white Lyrebird. Victorian Nat. 50: 26. B83. BOOTE, Linda M., 1976. Re dairy farm birds. Bird Observer 534 (Мау): 38. B84. BOUCHIER, M. and NOONAN, D., 1962. Notes on Swifts: 1961-1962. Bird Observer 371 (Oct.) : 2-4. B85. BOWDEN, C. (Ed.), 1963. Worth mentioning: nest of Brown Warbler. Clematis 2: 9, B86. BREWSTER, E., 1971. The trip to Macalister Springs and Mt. Howitt: January 31st 1971. Latrobe Valley Nat. 87: 2. B87. BREWSTER, E. P., 1977. Baw Baw January "IT. Latrobe Valley Nat. 159: 2-4. B88. BROOKS, A. E, 1956, Tawny Frogmouths. Victorian Nat. 72: 174. B89. *BRYANT, C. E, 1936. Stray feathers: Hel- meted Honeyeaters. Emu 36: 135-136. [Notes absence.] B7 Ir B78. B90. —————, 1958. Whistling Eagle worrying dog, Emu 58: 390. B91. BUCKINGHAM, R. 1975. see also BUCKING- HAM, REX. Unusual sighting reports—Series 2. Bird Observer 523 (June): 45. B92.— — ———, 1976. Unusual sighting reports— Series 5. Bird Observer 532 (Mar.) : 20. 93. ————, 1977. Unusual sighting reports— Series 10. Bird Observer 547 (June): 47. B94. BUCKINGHAM, К, and L., 1971. Egrets at Sale. Aust. Bird Watcher 4: 61. B95. BUCKINGHAM, Rex, 1976. Unusual sighting reports—Series 7. Bird Observer 538 (Sept.): 68. Cattle B96 1976. Unusual sighting reports— "Series 8. Bird Observer 541 (Dec.) : 93. B97. BURGESS, Lionel L., 1966. Scarlet Honeyeater at Tyers, Victoria. Emu 66: 58. B98. BURGESS, Marjory, 1968. A Treecreeper bath- ing. Latrobe Valley Nat. 53: 8, I. MANSERGH, A. К. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and К. A. MENKHORST B99. BURTON, T. C. and MARTIN, А. A., 1976. Analysis of hybridization between Black-backed and White-backed Magpies іп south-eastern Australia. Emu 76: 30-36. | B100. BURY, Frank, 1967. Nature observations. Clematis 6: 10-11. СІ. C.B., 1926. Notes from field and study: the Drongo in Victoria. Victorian Nat. 43: 94. C2. С.С.С., 1930. "Wintering" Swallows in Gipps- land. Victorian Nat. 47: 68. C3. CAMPBELL, A. G. 1909. Robin (Petroeca phoenicea): a Emu 8: 122-130. C4. — ————, 1910. Victorian Sericornes. Emu 10: 35-37. C5. ——___, 1926. Thornbills of the genus Acan- thiza. Emu 25: 184-198. Сб. ——————, 1929. Australian Magpies of the genus Gyninorhina. Emu 28: 165-176. C7. — ————, 1935. The genus Sericornis іп Aus- tralia, with notes on four monotypic genera. Emu 34: 249-274. C8. —— ————,. 1936. Distribution maps of Thorn- bills. Ети 35: 324-330. C9. CAMPBELL, A. J., 1887. Oology of Australian birds. Victorian Nat. 3: 163-168. C10.— — — —, 1888. Oology of Australian birds. Victorian Nat. 4: 182-188. CII.— ————., 1888. Notes on Dr. E. Р. Ramsay's "List of Australian Birds". Victorian Nat. $1 78-85. Flame-breasted monograph. L2; C13. --- 1893. A decade in Australian oology. Victorian Nat. 10: 71-77. , 1898. Notes: ornithological note—a new bird for Victoria. Victorian Nat. 15: 60. C14. CAMPBELL, A. J. and KENDALL, H. (Eds.), 1901. About members. Emu 1: 78-79. C15. CAMPBELL, J. P. 1902. Stray feathers: a bicycle spin with Emus. Emu 2: 31. C16. CANE, Brian, 1964. Excursion to Sale Com- mon: 29th August. Latrobe Valley Nat. 11: 2-3. CI7. CARTER, Michael, 1977. Specimen of Masked Owl near Lakes Entrance, Victoria. Aust, Bird Watcher 7: 64-65. C18. CHAFFER, Norman, 1954. The Eastern Bristle- bird. Ети 54: 153-162. C19. CHALK, — and STEWART, -, notes. Bird Observer (Feb.): 1. 220. CHALMERS, C. E., 1972. Cattle Egrets in the Gippsland area. Emu 72: 180-181. C21, CHISHOLM, A. H., 1947. Lyrebird-Fowl hybrid, Victorian Nat. 64: 2. C22. , 1950. Hybrid between Lyrebird and Common Fowl. Victorian Nat. 66: 198. ‚——————, 1951. The story of the Scrub-birds. Emu 51: 89-112. C24.CHITTY, Julie, 1973. Report of Traralgon F.N.C. excursion to Burgoynes Gap, November 3rd 1973. Latrobe Valley Nat. 120: 1. CHRISTENSEN, H. see also CHRISTENSEN, Heather. C25. CHRISTENSEN, H., 1971. Banded Landrail. Latrobe Valley Nat. 86: 7. C26. CHRISTENSEN, Heather, 1973. White birds. Latrobe Valley Nat. 110: 5. 1945. Nature BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA C27, ——————, 1974. Birds and butterfly outing 23/3/74. pies Valley Nat. 125: 3. C28.———————, 1974. Nests and babies, November 1973. Latrobe Valley Nat. 120: 5. C29, — — ——, 1974. Report of excursion 26/10/74. Latrobe Valley Nat. 132: 3. С30.--- 1975. Search for new birds. Latrobe Valley Nat. 140: 3-4. I. ————., 1975. Waterbirds near Sale. Latrobe Valley Nat. 143: 3. C32. CLARK, Ruth, 1975. By-ways of the Colquhoun forest. Clematis 14:23. C33. COHN, Marc, 1926. Records of birds’ move- ments. Report of migration committee for quarter ending 3/9/25. Emu 25: 282-286. [District 4, Miss Galbraith.] C34. COLLINS, J. and E., 1967. In quest of birds JU Rintouls Creek. Latrobe Valley Nat. 41: C35. CONN, E. J., 1968. Birds at Tambo Crossing. Clematis 7: 6- 7. C36. COOPER, Roy Р., 1966. Unusual nesting sites of the Flame Robin. Emu 66: 347-351. C37, ——————, 1967. Is the Helmeted Honeyeater doomed? Aust. Bird Watcher 3: 1-13. 8, ——————, 1971. Little Tern/Fairy Tern in East Gippsland. Aust. Bird Watcher 4: 1-4. C39. COURTNEY, John and MARCHANT, S., 1971. Breeding details of some common birds in south- eastern Australia. Emu 71: 121-133. C40. COWLES, С. S., 1964. A new Australian Babbler. Emu 64: 2. C41. COWLEY, Roger, 1964. Red-capped Robin at 3,750 feet. Aust. Bird Watcher 2: 92-94. C42.* CRANE, H., 1972. Bird visitors to my garden— PEE one winter day. Latrobe Valley Nat. C43. —, 1974. L.V.F.N.C. Christmas becue. Latrobe Valley Nat. 122: 1. C44. CRANE, Honor, 1976. Birds in my garden. Latrobe Valley Nat. 156: 4. C45, ——————, 1976. Outing to the Den of Nargun. Latrobe Valley Nat. 147: 2-4. C46. CROLL, R. Н., 1923. The enchanted gorge. Argus Sat., 2 June: 8. C47. CROME, Е. Н. J., 1973. The relationship of the Helmeted and Yellow-tufted Honeyeaters. Emu 73: 12-18. C48. CROSS, Ian, 1954. Nature notes: more autumn nesting. Bird Observer (June): 2. 9. — ————, 1955. World bird day, district bird lists, 1954. V69c Sale, Vic.: to Bird Observer. (65) nos ER Ae notes: Observer 291 (Feb.): 1.->5:5:5:: 1958. Paid notes: notes from Sale district, Vic. Bird Observer 318 (May): 3-4. (252: CROSS, Ian and PESCOTT, Trevor, 1959, World bird day, district bird lists, 1957-1958. V67d Boisdale and Valencia Creek, Vic.: 36. Supplement to Bird Observer. C53. CROSS, Тап and WICKHAM, John, 1954. World bird day, district bird lists, 1953. V67 Boisdale-Valencia Creek, Vic.: 24. Supplement to Bird Observer. —— ————, 1954. World bird day, district bird lists, 1953. V69 Sale, Vic.: 25. Supplement to Bird Observer. bar- 34-35, Supplement Sale notes. Bird C54. 207 С55.--> 1954. World bird day, district bird lists, 1953, V69a Sale, Vic.: 25. Supplement to Bird Observer. References by C. C. CURRIE concern Lardner, a settlement outside the catchment—4 km from the watershed. Although included here they are not cross-referenced to Part II. [see also C.C.C.] C56.*CURRIE, C. C., 1916. Stray feathers: Scarlet- breasted Robins. Emu 16: 56. C57.*—— —————, 1919. The birds of a Gippsland garden. Victorian Nat. 36: 85-88. C58, * — — ———, 1919. Quail. Emu 19: 57. (С59,% , 1924. Bird notes: birds іп a garden at Lardner. Victorian Nat. 40: 205-207. C60.*————— —, 1926. Field and study: Bell-miners and Cuckoo. Victorian Nat. 42: 236. C61.*———— ——, 1926. [A note.] Victorian Nat. 43: 239. C62.* , 1928. Bird enemies of scale insects. Victorian Nat. 45: 144. C63.*— — ———, 1928. Stray feathers: Spine-tailed Swifts perching in Victoria. Ети 28: 76. 4,* — — — —, 1929. Stray feathers: bird notes from Lardner. Emu 25:232. C65.* 1933. [Untitled.] Emu 32: 246. Có, e — СЫ 1935. Stray feathers: Satin Bower- bird. Emu 35: 181-182. С67.-----, 1937. Bower-birds in Gippsland garden. FIRME Nat. 54: 87. ‚ 1937. Koalas at Lardner. Victorian Nat. 54 he C69.* , 1937. Eagle attacking lambs. Emu 37: C70.* У rus Stray feathers: Satin Bower- bird, Emu 37: 13 C71. *— — —, 1992, '[Untitled.] Victorian Nat. 55: 23. C72.*—— —— ——, 1939, Lardner, past and present. Victorian Nat. 56: 14-15 =————, 1946. Bird Comments from Lardner, Victorian Nat. 62: 168. C74. CURRIE, K., 1916, Stray feathers: Swifts rest- ing on trees. Emu 16: 108. D1. D. D., 1927. Notes from field and study: the Flame-breasted Robin. Victorian Nat. 44: 51. DALEY, C. see also DALEY, Chas. D2. DALEY, C., 1927. The Mitchell Gorge excur- sion. Victorian Nat. 43: 297-302. D3. DALEY, Charles, 1960. The story of Gippsland. Whitcombe and 'Tombs, Melbourne. D4. DALEY, Chas., 1916. Alpine Gippsland: Dargo (77377 and the Wonnangatta River. Victorian Ма. 33: 98-104. D5. ——————, 1925. Around Noojee. Victorian Nat. 41: 166-183. D6. DAVIS, Virgil, 1976. Wedge-tailed Eagles hunt- ing. Bird Observer: 533 (April): 30, D7.*DAWSON, W. T. and РЕТТІТ, J. Н. W, 1950(s). Gippsland vocabularies and place names. (Latrobe library MS. 9356. Env. 6a.) [Contains aboriginal dialect of 16 bird names.] D8. DICKISON, D., 1923. Bird notes: the Gang Gang Cockatoo. Victorian Nat. 40: 33-34. D9, ———— —, 1923. Bird notes: the Yellow-tufted Ru Victorian Nat. 40: 138. ---, 1926. The charming Crescent Honey- D10. 1 eater. Emu 26; 120-121. 208 I. MANSERGH, А. К. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and К. A. MENKHORST D11. , 1926. Nesting habits of the White- backed Magpie. Victorian Nat. 43: 233-235. D12.———————, 1927. Stray feathers: notes on the Kookaburra. Ети 27: 119-120. D13.——————, 1941. A fascinating whistler. Vic- torian Nat, 58: 32. D14. DICKISON, D. J., 1948. White-backed Swal- lows near Melbourne. Ети 47: 286, D15.———., 1951. The first fifty years of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, 1901- 1951. Emu 51: 185-284. D16. ‚ 1961. Field notes for 1960: the Little Bittern. Aust. Bird Watcher 1: 142-146. D17.DIXON, Ethel, 1942. Warragul notes, Bird Observer (Nov.): 2. D18.*DIXON, Joan М., 1976. Report on the Verte- brate Fauna of the Alpine Study area of Victoria. National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne. [Species noted in this reference appear in Part 1I as for Land Conservation Council, 1977—1.5.] D19. DOLMAN, L., 1977. Excursion іп November. Latrobe Valley Nat. 158: 4. D20. DOVE, H. Stuart, 1910. Stray feathers: move- ment of Wood Swallows. Emu 10: 135. А, ; 1911. Stray feathers: nesting of the Red Wattle-bird. Emu 11: 43-44, D22. DOWNES, M. C., 1954, Waterfowl conservation in Victoria. Emu 54: 169-180. D23.DUDLEY, Paul and WHEELER, John Н, 1957. World bird day, district bird lists, 1955- 1956. V69d Sale, Vic.: 59, Supplement to Bird Observer. D24, DUNLOP, Shiela, 1953. Birds of Walhalla, 3/4/53-7/4/53. Bird Observer (June): 3-4, D25.DUNN, H., 1953. Nature notes: Warragul Observations. Bird Observer Cuyo. рт D26, ———— —, 1954, World bird day, district bird lists, 1953. V68 Warragul, Vic.: 24-25, Supple- ment to Bird Observer. D27. ——— —-, 1955, World bird day, district bird lists, 1954, V68a Warragul, Vic.: 34. Supple- ment to Bird Observer. D28. ——————, 1955. World bird day, district bird lists, 1954. V68b Warragul, Vic.: 34. Supple- ment to Bird Observer. El. ELDER, М., 1951. Excursion to РаупевуШе: birds, Victorian Nat. 68: 89, E2. ENVIRONMENT STUDIES ASSOCIATION OF VICTORIA, 1975. Birds of the wetlands: report of a study course held at Sale and the Gippsland Lakes, October, 1974. Melbourne. E3.*EVERETT, F. H. M., 1959, Proceedings of the Annual Congress of the R.A.O.U., 1958. Report of the Hon. General Secretary. Emu 59: 47-49. [No species, but mentions Lake Gutheridge as avian environment.] БІ. FARR, Frank W., 1955. World bird day, district bird lists, 1954, V98 Traralgon, Vic.: 43, Sup- plement to Bird Observer. F2. FELL, L., 1962. Nomadic and migratory birds in a Metung garden. Clematis 1: 8-9, ЕЗ. ————, 1963. Bird notes from Metung. Cle- matis 2: 12. F4. FELL, L. A., 1976. Satin Bowerbird—observed feeding habits. Clematis 15: 16. Е5.------ 1977. Further notes on the Satin Bowerbird around the Gippsland Lakes. Clematis 16: 6. F6. FERGUSSON, Derek, 1950. Bird list—Tanjii Bren area, Bird Observer (July): 2. F7. FISHER, David, 1977. This and that: influx of waterbirds. Bird Observer 545 (April): 34-35. F8. — ————, 1977. Young members’ corner: Cape Barren Geese at Sale. Bird Observer 549 (Aug.): 67. F9. FLEAY, David, 1944. Watching the Powerful Owl. Emu 44: 97-112. [Locality given as Croajingolong westwards.] F10, FLEMING, Anthea, 1974. April general meet- ing: bird of the evening. Bird Observer 510 (May): 2. F11. FLETCHER, T. I., 1965. Stray feathers: White- throated Nightjar in Otway Ranges, Victoria. Emu 64: 229-230, ["Coastal regions of Gipps- land."] F12. FORD, H. W., 1909. Stray feathers: Flame- breasted Robin. Emu 9: 29, F13. ——— ——, 1918. Birds about the Тап)! River and ranges, Victoria, 1916-17. Seen or heard by Н. W. Ford, R.A.O.U. Emu 17: 221-223. F14. FORD, Julian, 1960. Spur-winged and Masked Plover in south-western Australia, Emu 60: 57- 60. [Australian distribution map.] F15. FORDYCE, John, 1973. Field notes: White Ibis fishing for eels. Bird Observer 498 (May): 4. F16. FRENCH, C., 1892. Notes on the insectivorous birds of Victoria. Part IL Victorian Nat. 8: 168-171. Е17.“ЕКІТН, Н. J, 1969. Birds of the Australian high country, A. H. and A. W. Reed, Sydney. GALBRAITH, J. see also GALBRAITH, Jean and J. С, [?] Gl. GALBRAITH, J., 1926. Forest regeneration in Gippsland. Victorian Nat. 43: 53-56. 2. ————., 1926. The providence of a Thrush. Victorian Nat. 42: 296. G3. —— ————, 1927. Notes from field and study: a good word for Wattle-birds. Victorian Nat. 43: 308. G4. ——— ———, 1967. Trees for the birds, Latrobe Valley Nat. 42: 8, G5.*— — ———, 1971. "Change-over" time for birds. Latrobe Valley Nat. 94: 1. 6. ————, 1971. From my window. Latrobe Valley Nat. 90: 5. G7. GALBRAITH, Jean, 1935. A friendly Bower- bird. Victorian Nat. 51: 225-226. G8. ——————, 1939. А Pardalote puzzle. Victorian Nat. 56; 113-114. G9, — — ———-, 1943, A “New” bird finds our valley. Victorian Nat. 60: 53-54. G10.——————, 1945. Comments and wonderings. Victorian Nat. 62: 82-83. G11.——————-, 1946. The Honeyeaters tree. Bird Observer (Aug.): 4. G12. — ————, 1949. Activities of Spine-tailed Swifts. Victorian Nat. 66: 116. GI13. ——————, 1953. Naturalists’ notebook: bird- land airlift. Victorian Nat. 70: 79. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA G14. , 1953. A Blue Wren changes his coat. Victorian Nat. 70: 122. 15 { , 1953. Feeding birds. Victorian Nat. 70: 95-96. G16. ————_,, 1953. More notes on feeding birds. Victorian Nat. 70: 102. 17, — — ——, 1957. Naturalists’ notebook: Swallow and motor-boat. Victorian Nat. 73: 214, ,F—— ————, 1967. Birds and their taste for food. Latrobe Valley Nat. 48: 4-5. {pS 67. Further news of the Bower- birds at Tyers. Victorian Nat. 84: 120. G20. —————,, 1968. Bird visitors. Latrobe Valley Nat. 56: 4. G18 G21. ————-, 1968. А Large-billed Scrub Wren. Latrobe Valley Nat. 53: 9. 2.------ 1970. A dead bird. Latrobe Valley Nat. 79: 6. G23, ——————, 1973. A Bower-bird returns. Latrobe Valley Nat. 114: 3-4, 24, — — ——, 1976. "Pecking order” Bower-birds. Victorian Nat. 93: 188. G25. ——— ——, 1977. Baby birds learning. Victorian Nat. 94: 77. G26. ——————, 1977. Golden Bronze Cuckoos. La- trobe Valley Nat. 165: 2. 27. ————., 1977. Yellow Robins in spring. La- trobe Valley Nat. 157: 1. G28. GALBRAITH, Lance, 1966. A note on Spar- rows. Latrobe Valley Nat. 30: 8-9. GALBRAITH, M. see also GALBRAITH, May. G29. GALBRAITH, M., 1970. Excursion to Stoney Creek area—Nov. 29th 1969. Latrobe Valley Nat. 73: 1-2. G30. GALBRAITH, Мау, 1965. Golden-headed Fantail Warblers. Latrobe Valley Nat. 18: 6. SK—— — 1966. Honeyeaters in Banksia erica- folia. Latrobe Valley Nat. 29: 7. G32. GANNON, С. R., 1962, Distribution of the Australian Honeyeaters. Ети 62: 145-166. G33. GARNET, Doris, 1944. Gippsland notes. Bird Observer (Jan.): 1. G34. GITTENS, John, 1958. Field notes: late nesting on the Bennison High Plains. Bird Observer 317 (April): 4. G35. ——— 1958. Birds of the Bennison High Plains. Bird Observer 324 (Nov.) : 3. G36. GOUDIE, J. C, 1904. A summer in south Gippsland. Victorian Nat. 21: 48-56. G37. GREEN, Heber, 1923. А Gippsland beauty spot: can it be reserved as a "Natural Sanc- tuary"? Victorian Nat. 40: 77-82. G38.——————, 1961. An early account of visit to ‘Den of Nargun". Bairnsdale Advert. Thurs., 17 Aug.: 12. G39. GREGORY, J. B. and LUCAS, A. H. S., 1885. To Wilson's Promontory overland. Part Ш. Victorian Nat. 2: 88-89. HAGUE, M. see also HAGUE, Mary. H1.*HAGUE, M., 1965. A pair of beautiful Rainbow- birds. Latrobe Valley Nat. 24: 5. 2, ------- 1966. Nargun's Cave.* Latrobe Valley Nat. 30: 4, [*Situated at end of Toorloo Arm.] H3. ——————, 1966. The wonders of Stoney Creek. Latrobe Valley Nat. 30: 9. 4, — ———, 1968. Up Mt. Useful way. Latrobe Valley Nat. 58: 4, in Satin 209 H5. —— — —, 1969. Cowwarr diary. Latrobe Valley Nat. 70: 4. Нб. ——————, 1970. Cowwarr diary: some тоге interesting notes, Latrobe Valley Nat. 78: 8. H7. HAGUE, Mary, 1969. Notes from my diary— 1968. Latrobe Valley Nat. 62: 8. H8. HALL, Robert, 1898, Notes on the birds of the Box НШІ district—continued: Cuckoos and Parrots, Victorian Nat. 15: 75-78. Н9.------ 1900. Notes on some abnormal plumaged birds. Victorian Nat. 16: 171-180. H10. —, 1901. Notes on the Scarlet-breasted Robin. Victorian Nat. 17: 192-195. НІ1.------ 1920. The Tasmanian Zealand groups. Emu 19: 275-287. H12. HAMILTON-SMITH, E, 1965. Birds in Aus- tralian caves. Emu 65: 152-155. HANKS, E. see also HANKS, Ernest S. HI3. HANKS, E. 1938. Sperm Whale Head. The Lakes National Park: historical and scenic notes. Bird Observer (Feb.): 2. [Nest of White's Thrush exhibited: 1.] H14. HANKS, Ernest S., 1951. Proceedings of the Annual Congress of the R.A.O.U. Sydney, 1950; Branch reports, Victoria, Emu 50: 253-255. H15. HANKS, W., 1938. The Birds of Spern* Whale Head. Detailed list from the district. Bird Observer (Мау): 3-4. [* Mis-spelling of Sperm.] Н16. HARDY, A. D., 1935. Habits of the Emu. Victorian Nat. 52: 124. H17.——————, 1937. Emu Swamp, Sperm Whale Head Peninsula. Victorian Nat. 54: 3-5. H18. HART, T. S., 1923. Botanical notes about Bairnsdale and the eastern lakes. Victorian Nat. 40: 107-116. H19. HAUGHTON, Joan, 1972. Bird notes: re the Red-capped Robin. Bird Observer 489 (Aug.): 5-8 and New H20. HEATHCOTE, W. 1949. Sydney trip. Bird Observer (April): 4. H21.HENNELL, E. Halford, 1895. Notes on a Gippsland trip. Victorian Nat. 12: 42-45. H22, HILL, Brian, 1976. Who uses nesting boxes? Bird Observer 538 (Sept.) : 70. H23.HINDWOOD, K. A. 1948. The Spangled Drongo in Victoria. Victorian Nat. 65: 4-5. H24. HINDWOOD, K. A. and MAYR, Ernst, 1946. A revision of the Striped-crowned Pardalotes. . Emu 49: 49-67. H25. HITCHCOCK, W. B. 1952. New and rare Victorian records. Emu 52: 273-284. х , 1965. Geography and seasonal move- ments of the Common Tern in Australia. Emu 64: 157-171. 4 Н27. HOBBS, J. N., 1958. House Sparrow breeding away from man. Emu 58: 422-423. H28.HODGE, Joyce, 1959. Along the by-ways: mimicry of Bower-bird. Victorian Nat. 76: 12- 13. [Noted under WAKEFIELD, Norman (Ed.), 1959—W17.] Р H29. HODGE, Leo, 1960. Along the by-ways: bird notes from W-tree. Victorian Nat. 76: 287-288. [Noted under WAKEFIELD, Norman (Ed.), 1960—W20.] | H30. HODGSON, L. L., 1930. Nature gleanings from the Princes Highway. Victorian Nat. 47: 59-67. H26 210 H31. HOLLANDS, D. G. W, Egret in East Gippsland. Aust. 4: 169-170. H32. HOLLEY, Darryl, 1974. Morwell National Park: report of Traralgon Field Naturalists’ Excursion 4/5/74, Latrobe Valley Nat. 126: 4. H33. HOMANN, Ern, 1965. A pest spreads. Latrobe Valley Nat. 23: 3-4. H34.* , 1969. Nat. 69: 9. 5 1972. The Cattle Bird Watcher [Untitled.] Latrobe Valley 5. 1969. Quick work! Latrobe Valley Nat. 61: 2. H36. HOWE, F. E., warblers. Emu 16: 170-180. H37. HOWE, Е. E. and ROSS, J. A., the Banded Stilt. Emu 31: 63-65. H38.*HOWITT, A. W. 1880. Papers Howitt—Gippsland. 1. Notes on Kurnai (Latrobe Library, MS. 9356, Env. 4a, [Abor iginal names for bird species.] T 1904. The native tribes of south-east Australia. Macmillan, London. [Mentions Emus and Swans as being aboriginal food: 756-758.] et al, 1891. A visit to Lake Nigo- thoruk* and the Mount Wellington district, Gippsland. Victorian Nat. 8: 17-43. [*Lake Tarli Karng.] Н41. HYNDMAN, book: 1917. The Acanthizae or Tit- 1931, Eggs of of A. W. Tribe. b.) H40. John, 1957. Naturalists’ note- birds’ nests in factory. Victorian Nat. 74: Ida, 1965, Bird wealth. П. ILLIDGE, Clematis 4: 2% ЖАС, 1927. Butcher Birds and Miners. Victorian Nat, 44: 88. J2. —— —— ——, 1927. [A note.] Victorian Nat. 43: 296. 13. ————_, 1927. Notes from field and study: Trillers in Tyers district. Victorian Nat. 43: 308. J4. —— —— ——, 1928. Orioles and caterpillars. Vic- torian Nat. 44: 345, Jas --, 1930, Notes from Tyers. Victorian Nat. 47: 30. JACOBS, V. see also JACOBS, Victor. JACOBS, V., 1966. Dawn is the best time . . . Victorian Nat. 83; 49-50. 17. JACOBS, Victor, 1969. Here and there in East Gippsland. Victorian Nat. 86: 216-224. 18. —————, 1969. Some thoughts on Sperm Whale Head. Victorian Nat. 86: 307-312. 19. JARMAN, Howard, 1966. Field notes: the Wellington River camp, Christmas 1965. Bird Observer 414 (May): 3-4. J10. JENNINGS, M. 1971. Clematis 10: 17. J11. JENNINGS, М, and R., 1972. Field notes: Red- kneed Dotterel. Bird Observer 492 (Nov.): 6-8. 112. „ 1974. Lake Bunga. Clematis 13: 14. J13. JENNINGS, Madge, 1972. Lewin Water Rail. Clematis 11: 9. J14. JENNINGS, R. and M., 1969. Birds seen оп а trip to Sale. Clematis 8: 13-14. J15. *JIRICEK, Janet, 1975. The Gippsland Lakes: a bibliography of and location guide to material. Min. for Conservation, Melbourne. [Avifauna: 12-13.] Birds of Jones’ Bay. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. ` 104: 6 133. J34.*JONES, 135. 136.% 737% 138. 139. 140. J41. J42. . JOHNSTONE, 5. JOHNSTONE, Joy, Latrobe Valley Nat. 71: 4. .JOHNSTONE, I. MANSERGH, A. R. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and K. A. MENKHORST JOHNSON, G., 1953. Helmeted Honeyeater survey. Bird Observer (June): 4. ————— 1953. Helmeted Honeyeater survey. Bird Observer (Sept.) : 4. JOHNSON, Reg, 1970. Christmas camp at Swan Reach. Bird Observer 460 (Mar.): 1-3. JOHNSTONE, J. see also JOHNSTONE, Joy. JOHNSTONE, J., 1969. The Lewin Honeyeater. Latrobe V alley Nat. n LU ------- 1969. Two interesting notes. Latrobe Valley Nat. 65: 8-9. JOHNSTONE, J. and CHRISTENSEN, Н., 1977. Nature notes from Lakes Entrance. La- trobe Valley Nat. 160: 5. J. W., 1966. Sacred Kingfishers at Tyers. Latrobe Valley Nat. 32: 5-6. ——————, 1976. Some notes on the Scarlet Honeyeater. Clematis 15: 17. .—————, 1977. Some Lakes Entrance neigh- bours. Clematis 16; 8-10. 1969, Tyers nature diary. Latrobe Valley Nat. 69: 9. , 1969. Tyers nature diary: more notes. ‚ 1970. Notes from a bird watcher's diary, Latrobe Valley Nat. 81: 7 , 1970. Tyers nature diary: more notes. Latrobe Valley Nat. 77: 5-6. . 1971. An Easter trip to the Moroka River, Gippsland, 1970. Latrobe Valley Nat. 89: 2-3, , 1972. Bird notes. Latrobe Valley Nat. , 1975. [Letter to the Latrobe Valley Naturalist.] Latrobe Valley Nat. 139: 5. Joy and CHRISTENSEN, Heather, 1977. Nature notes from Lakes Ent- rance. Latrobe Valley Nat. 158: 4. JONES, F. see also JONES, F. E., JONES, Frank, and JONES, Frank E. [This author uses Stoney Creek and Stony Creek, these localities are synonymous.] JONES, F., 1964. Notes on the seasonal habits of some local birds. Latrobe Valley Nat. 7: 3-4. Е. E., 1966. Bird-banding: annual re- port, 1965/66. Latrobe Valley Nat. 32: 3-5. ------- 1967. Bird-banding: annual report, 1966/67. Latrobe Valley Nat. 43: 4-5. —— ———^ 1967. Bird-banding project: a study of the movements of Honeyeaters in relation to the flowering of native plants. Latrobe Valley Nat. 40: 8-9, [No locality given, possibly Stoney Creek.] ------, 1968. Annual bird-banding report 1967/68. Latrobe Valley Nat. 56: 5. , 1968. The Golden-headed Fantail- warbler, Latrobe Valley Nat. 53: 2-3. JONES, Frank, 1964. Camp-out with the Vic- torian Ornithological Research Group. Latrobe Valley Nat. 12: 45. ——————, 1964. Late nesting of Lyrebirds іп Boola Forest. Latrobe Valley Nat. 3: 4-5. — — ———, 1964. Preview of the excursion to the Sale Common. Latrobe Valley Nat. 10: 6. —— ———, 1964. Report on the bird-banding weekend at Stony Creek. Latrobe Valley Nat. 13: 4, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. . 1965. The Avian camp-followers at Boola, Latrobe Valley Nat. 20: 7-9. -, 1965. Bird-banding. Latrobe Valley Nat. 15: 5. -------, 1965. Bird-banding. Latrobe Valley Nat. 18: 5. -------, 1965. Following the Honeyeaters. La- trobe Valley Nat. 19: 6-7. -------, 1965. Further notes on bird-banding. Latrobe Valley Nat. 21: 7-8. -------- 1965. More notes on bird-banding. Latrobe Valley Nat. 25: 7-9. , 1966, Central Gippsland banding areas. Latrobe Valley Nat. 31: 7-8. [With map.] -------, 1966. Mist-netting and bird photo- graphy. Latrobe Valley Nat. 27: 4-6. J51.—— —— ——, 1966. The Rose Robins of Boola Boola. Latrobe Valley Nat. 36: 9-10. . 1969. Birds and their territories: more observations, Latrobe Valley Nat. 66: 5-7. J53. ———— —, 1969. List of birds seen at Stoney Creek, Cowwarr. Latrobe Valley Nat. 61: 2-3. J54. ——————, 1971. Bird Pictures: some excerpts from Frank Jones’ writings in the Latrobe Valley Naturalist. Latrobe Valley Nat. 91: 5. JONES, Frank E., 1966. Central Gippsland— banding areas. V.O.R.G. News 4 (1): 6-7. KANE, Brian, 1964, Experiences at Apex Park. Latrobe Valley Nat. 6: 3. ————, 1965. Have you ever been diddled by a duck. Latrobe Valley Nat. 22: 6. K3. KEARTLAND, G. A., 1890. Remarks on Teal. Victorian Nat. 7: 43-45. K4. ——————, 1916. Bird life on Fraser Island, Gippsland Lakes. Victorian Nat. 33: 42-46. К5. KEAST, Allen, 1958. Infraspecific variation in the Australian Finches. Ети 58: 219-246. KEATH, Robyn, 1974. Emus and other animals. Latrobe Valley Nat. 126: 3. КЕМР, Betty, 1965. Waterbirds: report of a talk on Waterbirds by Mr. Roberts of the Fisheries and Wildlife Department on 26th of May. La- trobe Valley Nat. 19: 4-6. K8. —————, 1967. Lake Victoria: report of the excursion to the southern shores of Lake Vic- toria on Saturday 1st April. Latrobe Valley Nat. 40: 4-5. 149. 150, 259: 155. КІ. K2. K6. K7. K9. ——— ——, 1967. Report on excursion to Stoney Creek, Cowwarr, on 26/8/67. Latrobe Valley Nat. 45: 5-7. SOC, 1972. Report of Meeting— 21/1/1972. Latrobe Valley Nat. 98: 1-2. [Report on B.H.P. film *Solstice"—birds of Bass Strait.] K11. KERSHAW, Jas. A., 1917. New and rare Vic- torian birds from Mallacoota. Emu 17: 107-108. K12. KITSON, A. E., 1905. Notes on the Victoria Lyrebird (Menura victoriae). Emu 5: 57-67. 11. LAMBERT, Keith, 1967. Birds found nesting in Tyers area. Latrobe Valley Nat. 47: 6-7. L2.*LAND CONSERVATION COUNCIL, Victoria 1972. Report on the South Gippsland Study Area (district 1). Melbourne. [Appendix 2: 119- 122; north-eastern part of study area is in catch- ment.] 211 L3.* — —————, 1973. Report оп the Melbourne Study Area. Melbourne. [‘Birds’: 83-88, Appendix 3: 432-435; eastern part of study area is in catch- ment.] L4,*—-—-—-——, 1974. Report on the East Gippsland Study Area. Melbourne. [Appendix 3: 229-232; western part of study area peripheral to catch- тепі.| LS. ----- 1977. Report on the Alpine Study Area, Melbourne. ['Birds': 94-100; Appendix 3B: 463-468; southern part of study area in catchment.] L6. LEA, A. M. and GRAY, J. T., 1936. The food of Australian birds: an analvsis of the stomach contents; Part V. Emu 35: 335-347. L7. LEES, Louis, 1965. Satin Bower-birds. Clematis 4; 5. L8. ——— — —, 1968. Are our native birds increas- ing? Clematis 7: 10. L9. —— — —-, 1972. Bellbirds. Clematis 11: 9-10. L10. , 1977. Where do our Wattle Birds go? Clematis 16: 17. L11.LeSOUEF, D., 1895. Trip to Mallacoota Inlet. Victorian Nat. 12: 76-81. ——————, 1896. A trip to Mallacoota. Victorian Nat. 13: 18-22. 3, — 1918. Food of diurnal birds of prey. Emu 18: 88-95. L14. LESLIE, Michael, 1959. Field notes: Licola to Timbertop bird-list. Bird Observer 329 (April): 7-8. L15. LEWIS, F., 1936. The future of the Lyrebird in Victoria. Victorian Nat. 53: 12-13. L16.LIDDY, John, 1966. Autumnal migration of the Yellow-faced Honeyeater. Emu 66: 87-103. L17. LITTLEJOHNS, R. T. 1934. A camera inter- view with the Fairy Tern. Victorian Nat. 51: 111-112. L18. LLEWELLYN, L. C., 1975. Recent observations on the Plains-wanderer, with a review of its past and present status. Emu 75: 137-142. L19. LUBCKE, June, 1972, Excursion to Stony Creek 28th October, 1972. Latrobe Valley Nat. 108: 4. L20,——————, 1974. After chasing butterflies. La- trobe Valley Nat. 124: 6. L21.——————, 1974. Bird photographer. Valley Nat. 128: 4. L22.——— ——, 1974. Some peckings in the park. Latrobe Valley Nat. 128: 4-5. L23. — — ——, 1975. A second look, Latrobe Valley Nat. 134: 1. L— ———2^, 1975. Thoughts from a tent оп Tam- boritha. Latrobe Valley Nat. 140: 5. 125.--- 1976. Excursion to Glenmaggie. La- trobe Valley Nat. 156: 2-3. 126.------ 1977. Birds of Gippsland: talk by Richard Loyn. Latrobe Valley Nat. 168: 1. L27.——————, 1977. Excursion 27th August, 1977. Latrobe Valley Nat. 166: 2. LYNDON, E. see also LYNDON, Ellen. L28.LYNDON, Е., 1968. Remnant of a Gippsland Fern Gully. Latrobe Valley Nat. 56: 7-8. L29.——————, 1971. The Mount Howitt adventure or outward bound with Bairnsdale Field Natur- alists. Latrobe Valley Nat. 87: 5-7. L30.—————, 1973. White-throated Nightjar nest- ing at Rosedale. Latrobe Valley Nat. 110: 1. Latrobe L24 212 L31. LYNDON, Ellen, 1947. It's winter in the hills. Bird Observer (Aug.): 2-3. Ж ‚ 1965. Report of the May excursion. Latrobe Valley Nat. 20: 2-5. [No species men- tioned. See also MILOVANOVIC, John, 1965.] 3. ————., 1967. Water plant weekend or an introduction to the pondweeds. Latrobe Valley Nat. 48: 6-7. 4. ——————, 1968. Nature notes. Latrobe Valley Nat. 54: 3. L35 (— — —, 1968. Speaking of Kingfishers. La- trobe Valley Nat. 52: 8. L36 .—— — ——, 1969. А day tour to Dutson, Victorian Nat. 86: 128-129. L37. ——————, 1970. Field notes: notes from Gipps- land. Bird Observer 469 (Dec.): 7. L38.———————, 1970, Nature notes: Darlimurla. Latrobe Valley Nat. 74: 9, I:39. —— , 1971. Mt. Howitt and the Macalister. Victorian Nat. 88: 212-216. L40. ——— ——, 1974. Heron eating eggs. Bird Ob- server 512 (July): 12. 41. ——————, 1975. Sale excursion to Wirilda. La- trobe Valley Nat. 143: 1. 42. — ——, 1976. Bird pool in a park. Bird Ob- server 536 (July) : 51. M1.McCULLOCH, Ellen M., 1966. Field notes: danger of nylon fishing line. Bird Observer 416 (Ішу): 2-8. М2, McDONALD, Albert, 1965. The Sacred King- fisher at Forge Ck. Clematis 4: 8. 3. ——————, 1969, Photographing the Ibis. Cle- matis 8: 15-16. 4. » 1973. Along the silt jetties. Clematis 19:13. М5. McDONALD, Albert апа Irene, 1966. А day оп the silt jetties. Clematis 5: 10. M6. McDONALD, Alice, 1966. A Tawny Frogmouth. Clematis 5: 11. M7. McDONALD, Donald, 1926. Nature notes and queries; Spangled Drongo. Argus Егі., 18 June: 16. M8. McEWIN, Mephan М., 1971. Halcyon days, your own back yard. Latrobe Valley Nat. 89: 7. M9. McGILL, A. R., 1948. A distributional review of the genus Neositta. Emu 48: 33-52. [Aus- tralian distribution map.] M10. MACK, George, 1933. The Helmeted Honey- eater. Victo ian Nat. 50: 151-156. 11. —— —— 1941. Cormorants and the Gipps- land Lakes fishery. Мет. Nat. Mus. Vict. 12: 95-118. М12. McKEAN, John L., 1959. Field notes: Song Thrush in Gippsland. Bird Observer 329 (April): 7-8. M13. —, 1960. White-fronted Terns in south- eastern Australia in 1959. Emu 60: 262-264. 2 , 1963, Masked Owl at Buchan, Vic- torian Nat. 79: 263. M15. McKILLIGAN, М. G., 1975. Breeding and movements of the Straw-necked Ibis in Aus- tralia. Emu 75: 199-212. M16. McNALLY, J., 1956. Pied Cormorant rookery, Gippsland Lakes. Emu 56: 93-94, 17. — — ——, 1956. A preliminary investigation on the food of the Stubble Quail in Victoria. Emu 56: 367-400. I. MANSERGH, A. R. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and K. A. MENKHORST M18. McPHERSON, C. Leo, 1957. Greater Knot: new record for South Australia, Emu 57: 346- 347. M19. McQUEEN, R. H. J. (Ass. Ed.), 1965. Bush brushes: Gippsland nature notes. Victorian Nat. 81: 240-241. M20. ————_,, 1965. Bush brushes: bird notes from Tyers. Victorian Nat. 82: 47-49, 1, ————, 1966. Bush brushes: silver daisies on Mount Baw Baw. Victorian Nat. 83: 80-82. .—— —————, 1966. Bush brushes: freshwater tortoises at Sale. Victorian Nat. 83: 169-171. -—— ————, 1966. Bush brushes: more оп Cuckoo-shrikes. Victorian Nat. 83: 230-231. M24, ——— ———, 1966. Bush brushes: Bower-birds in winter. Victorian Nat. 83: 267-268. M25. MATHEWS, V. M., 1947. A romance of the Timbarra River. Bairnsdale Advert. Tues. 15 July: 6. M26. MIDDLETON, A. L. A, 1970. Food and feeding habits of the European Goldfinch near Melbourne. Emu 70: 12-16. [Distribution map.] MILLER, R. S. see also R. S. M. M27. MILLER, R. S, 1936. Branch reports: Vic- toria. Emu 35: 242-244. [From Proceedings of the thirty-fourth Annual Congress of the R.A.O.U. 2] M22 M23 M28. ——————, 1937. Proceedings of the thirty-fifth Annual Congress of the R.A.O.U., Adelaide, 1936: Вгапсп reports, Victoria. Emu 36: 177- 178. M29. ——————, 1938. Notes on the Stubble Quail and the Brown Quail in Victoria. Emu 37: 285- 299, M30.————, 1939. Proceedings of the thirty- seventh Annual Congress of the R.A.O.U., Hobart, Tasmania, 1938: Branch reports, Vic- toria. Emu 38: 456-458. 1: » 1944. Further notes оп the Stubble Quail in Victoria, Emu 43: 270-273. M32. MILLER, V. H., 1930. Excursion to Malla- coota Inlet. Victorian Nat. 46: 209-210. M33. MILOVANOVIC, John, 1965. The birds seen on the excursion. Latrobe Valley Nat. 20: 5-6. M34. MINISTRY FOR CONSERVATION, Vic- toria, Environmental Studies Program, 1977, Gippsland Regional Environmental Study. Re- port of the Desk Study. Melbourne. [Appendix C—Occurrence of mammals and birds by habitat їуре.] M35. MITCHELL, Alma, 1972. Christmas camp at Licola. Bird Observer 483 (Feb.) : 2-4. M36. MITCHELL, Alma [Comp.] 1977. Easter camp, Licola, Vic., 7-12 April 1977. Bird Ob- server 546 (Мау): 39. M37. MITCHELL, David and MITCHELL, Bryan, 1955. World bird day, district bird lists, 1954. V97 Moe, Vic.: 43. Supplement to Bird Ob- server. M38. MITCHELL, S. R., 1962. Memories of the Dargo valley. Victorian Nat. 79; 143-144. M39. МІГТОМ, Robert, 1968. Birds of the Licola district. Clematis 7: 10-11. M40. MORETTI, T. and T., 1967. The Lyrebird and the big log. Latrobe Valley Nat. 38: 3. M41. MOKETTI, Tom, 1965. The Goshawk and the King Parrot. Latrobe Valley Nat. 20: 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA M42, —— —— —, 1968. A report of an excursion to Sale. Latrobe Valley Nar. 53: 9-10. M43. ——————, 1969. Excursion to Lime Pit Road. Latrobe Valley Nat. 68: 1. 4,% » 1970. Another Plover story. La- trobe Valley Nat. 84: 7. .% › 1970. Nesting Plover. Lai-obe Valley Nat. 81: 8. [4 eggs; 3 young deserted.] : ———., 1971. Report of excursion to Sale area 27th February. Latrobe Valley Nat. 87: 4. .— — — —, 1972. Jacky and the snake. Latrobe Valley Nat. 106: 6. М48.% » 1972. My friend the Thrush. La- trobe Valley Nat, 104: 6. M46 M49, —— — —, 1973. Banded Plover observations. Latrobe Valley Nat. 116: 1. M50. —— ———, 1976. Outing to Sperm Whale Head. Latrobe Valley Nat. 154: 1. M51. MORETTI, Tony, 1966. And a day's banding at Stoney Creek. Latrobe Valley Nat. 27: 6. M52. MORGAN, David G., 1952. B.O.C. Christmas trip: birds of Bairnsdale and Mallacoota (3 гаса, Bird Observer (Feb., Mar., April): 3-4, 4, 5-7. M53. MURRELLS, E., 1941. Walhalla, March, 1941. Bird Observer (Oct.) : 2-3. МІ. NEELEY, F., 1920. Stray feathers: birds about Gippsland Lakes. Emu 19: 314. N2. МЕТНЕКСОТЕ, С. M. І. and JOHNSON, M. T., 1916. Notes on a trip from Walhalla to Talbot Peak, Baw Baw. Victorian Nat. 33: 83-85. М3. NICHOLLS, Brooke et al., 1919. “Down Marlo Way." Being the account of a trip taken by Dr Brooke Nicholls, F. Nicholls, W. B. Alex- ander and Tom Tregellas. Emu 18: 265-272. N4. NIMBS, Diane and Barry, 1977. A rewarding trip. Bird Observer 546 (May): 40. NOONAN, D. see also NOONAN, David. N5. NOONAN, D. et al., 1963. Swift reports, 1962/ 63 season. Bird Observer 383 (Oct.): 6-8. М6. NOONAN, David et al., 1964. Notes on Swifts, 1963-64. Bird Observer 396 (Nov.) ; 5-8. М7. ————,, 1966. Notes оп Swifts, 1965/66. Bird Observer 420 (Моу.): 2-6. N8. ——————, 1967. Swift reports 1966-67 season: Spine-tailed Swift. Bird Observer 433 (Dec.): 3-5 NORMAN, F. I. see also NORMAN, Ian, N9. NORMAN, F. L, 1970. Mortality and dispersal of Hardheads banded in Victoria. Emu 70: 126- 130. N10. ————., 1971. Movement and mortality of Wood Ducks banded in Victoria. Emu 71: 57-60. N11. , 1974, Notes on the breeding of the Pied Cormorant near Werribee, Victoria, in 1971, 1972 and 1973. Emu 74: 223-227. . N12. NORMAN, Ian and CORRICK, A., 1976. A survey of the coastal wetlands of south-eastern Victoria. [Unpublished manuscript lodged at Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Re- search, Victoria.] N13. NORTH, А. J., 1934. Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoos (Selected notes from “Nests and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tas- mania”). Bird Observer (Nov.): 1. 213 Ol. *OATES, Eugene W., 1901. Catalogue of the collection of birds eges in the British Museum. (Natural History Vol. I. Ratitae, Carinatae (Tinamiformes-Lariformes).) Trustees, London. [Philbrick collection from Gippsland. This reference has not been searched. ] O2. O'CONNOR, J. J., 1936. The memoirs of J, J. O’Connor. (Latrobe Library, MS. 809—Box 643/10 (b).) O3, O'DONOGHUE, J. G., 1914. Notes on the Vic- torian Lyrebird, Menura victoriae, Gld. Vic- torian Nat. 31: 11-20. 04. *OFFICER, H. R., 1965. The Honeyeater family in Victoria. Vict. Resources 7: 26-28. [^A Native Birds Issue".] PADFIELD, L. see also PADFIELD, Lorna. Pj. PADFIELD, L., 1972. Report of excursion to Darilmurla, May 27th 1972. Latrobe Valley Nat. 102: 4. P2. — — ——, 1977. Glen Nayook. Latrobe Valley Nat. 162: 2. P3. PADFIELD, Lorna, 1968. Birds and trees of the Sale Common. Latrobe Valley Nat. 60: 8. P4, ——————, 1974. Excursion to Mt Erica, June 29th, 1974. Latrobe Valley Nat. 129: 2. PS. PESCOTT, Trevor, 1956. Another Victorian specimen of the Sooty Shearwater. Emu 56: 223; P6. PETERSON, Iris, 1976. Fungi excursion to Darlimurla. Latrobe Valley Nat. 152: 4-6. PETERSON, J. see also PETERSON, Jim. P7. PETERSON, 1., 1966. Lyrebirds at the South Cascade. Latrobe Valley Nat. 29: 10. P8. PETERSON, Jim, 1965. Lyrebirds and bush- fires. Latrobe Valley Nat. 15: 9. РӘ. —— —— ———, 1965. Lyrebirds and bushfires. La- trobe Valley Nat. 18: 9. PINCHEN, Frank see also PINCHEN, Francis G P10. PINCHEN, Frank, 1956, B.O.C. Easter trip to Sale: birds of the Sale district, Vic. Bird Ob- server 298 (Sept.) : 2-4. P11. PINCHEN, Francis G,, 1956. Birds of the Sale district, Part IT, Bird Observer 299 (Oct.) : 3-4. P12.——————, 1956. Birds of the Sale District, Part III. Bird Observer 300 (Nov.): 3. P13.POLLOCK, D. W., 1967. Field notes: notes from Boisdale, Vic. Bird Observer 429 (Aug.): 35 P14, —— ———, 1968. Field notes: notes from Bois- dale. Bird Observer 434 (Тап.): 2-8. P15. PORTBURY, Murray, 1955. Field notes: new Petrel record for Australia, Bird Observer (Mar.): 2. P16. ————.,, 1958. Field notes: aerobatics of Wedge-tailed Eagle. Bird Observer 318 (May): 3-4. P17. PORTEUS, Stanley D., 1963. The Glenaladale National Park. Bairnsdale Advert. Mon., 4 Nov.: 24, ------,, 1969. A psychologist of sorts. Pacific Books, Palo Alto. [Reminiscences of Glenala- dale—three species: 22-24.] Р19. POTTER, Ross, 1977. Young members' corner: Gippsland Lakes holiday. Bird Observer 552 (Nov.): 91. P18. 214 P20. PUCKEY, Norine, 1972. Excursion to Wirilda, 19th August 1972, Latrobe Valley Nat. 105: 1. —— ————, 1977. Banksia excursion. Latrobe Walley Nat, 165: 1. ОТ. QUINTON, D., 1972. Field naturalists’ alpine қ weekend. Latrobe Valley Nat. 98: 5-7. Q2. QUINTON, Dorothy, 1970. Bird search recorded. Clematis 9: 15, PAI (93, — , 1972. Bruthen-Buchan Road. Clematis 153 КІ. R.S.M., 1934. Early nesting. Bird Observer (June): 2, R2, —— 1934. Magpies as bird destroyers. Bird Observer (June): 2. R3. —— ————, 1934. The Wedge-tailed Eagle. Bird Observer (May): 1. R4, RALPH, Cedric and Clare, 1973. A note on Dacelo gigas. Victorian Nat. 90: 132. R5. RAVEN, Rhonda, 1973. Excursion to Sale, Feb. 24th, 1973. Latrobe Valley Nat. 111: 6. R6. RAY, Linda, 1932. Some Bird Notes. Bird Ob- server (Dec.): 2. . 1933. Some Tarraville district birds. Bird Observer (April): 1. [Outside catchment but included in part 11.1 R8. RAYMENT, Tarlton, 1953. Do snakes fascinate birds? Victorian Nat. 69: 143-144. R9. *READSHAW, J. L. 1968. Тһе distribution, abundance and seasonal movements of the Pied Currawong Strepera graculina (Shaw), an im- portant bird predator of Phasmatildae in eastern Australia. Aust. J. Zool. 16: 37-47, R10,*REICHL, Phyllis, 1968. Mountain forests of Gippsland. А study in Biogeography. Nelson, Melbourne, [Mentions bird species in general ecology. ] R11.*REID, Dick, 1975. Excursion to the Loy Yang area. Latrobe Valley Nat. 140: 4-S, [List com- piled but not given.] R12. RINGIN, Andy, 1976, Not just a “Вгаһп Awk". Latrobe Valley Nat. 150: 2, КІЗ. —————-, 1977. Cattle Egrets. Latrobe Valley Nat. 168: 2, R14. ROBINSON, Ross D., 1973. The White-breasted Petrels of southern Australian waters. Emu 73: 101-106. R15. RODDA, A. E, 1930. Walhalla revisited, Vic- torian Nat, 47: 87-92. R16. ROSS, J. А., 1919. Stray feathers: Cuckoo seen with egg. Emu 18: 302. КІ7. ROSSITER, М., 1965. An addendum to the article by Mr. Stephens. Latrobe Valley Nat. 257210; R18.* , 1972. Turquoise Parrots and Trillers. Latrobe Valley Nat. 101: 7. R19,*—____, 1972. Nesting Songlarks. Latrobe Valley Nat. 98: 4. ROWLEY, I. C. R. see also ROWLEY, Ian. R20. ROWLEY, I. C. R., 1969. First record of the Australian Raven Corvus coronoides in the Northern Territory. Emu 69: 183-184. [Aus- tralian distribution map.] R21. ROWLEY, Ian, 1971. Movements and longevity of Ravens in south-eastern Australia. С.5./.А.0. Wildl. Res. 16; 49-72. [Banded and recovered in Gippsland.] I. MANSERGH, A. Е. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and K. A. MENKHORST R22. ROYAL | AUSTRALASIAN ORNITHOLO- GISTS UNION, 1960. Eighth supplement to the Official Checklist of the Birds of Australia (Second Edition). Emu 60: 140-145. R23. ROYAL AUSTRALASIAN ORNITHOLO- GISTS UNION, COUNCIL, 1913. Quails in Victoria. Emu 12: 202, R24. RUMPFF, A. G., 1933. Birds of Heyfield dis- trict. Bird Observer (Dec.): 1. R25. —————, 1934. Heyfield bird notes. Bird Ob- server (May): 1. R26. ————, 1934. Heyfield notes. Bird Observer (Sept.) : 2. 27. ——————, 1934. Heyfield notes. Bird Observer (Were 1: , 1934. Notes on the Grey Shrike- thrush. Bird Observer (Sept.) : 2. — — ——, 1934. Swamp birds of the Heyfield district. Bird Observer (June): 2. 51. SAGE, Bryan L., 1956. Remarks on the racial status, history and distribution of the Tree Sparrow introduced into Australia. Emu 56: 137-140. S2. SCANLAN, G. T., 1964, Lyrebird at/near Туегв Junction. Latrobe Valley Nat. 11: 1. *———————, 1965. Mr. Frank Jones and bird banding. Latrobe Valley Nat. 19: 2-3. S4. — ————, 1966. Red Bluff at sunrise. Latrobe Valley Nat. 29: 8-10. 55. SERVENTY, D. L., 1952. Movements of the Wilson Storm-petrel in Australian seas. Emu 52: 105-116. [“Gippsland coast": 112.] 56. SHELDON, Arthur F., 1948. Cockatoos and eucalypt galls. Victorian Nat. 65: 178. S7. SIMPSON, Ken G., 1960. Stray feathers: bill abnormality of a White-fronted Tern. Emu 60: 70-71. S8. SIMPSON, N. H., 1972. Bird notes. Latrobe Valley Nat. 99: 2. S9. SMITH, L. H., 1967. The Morwell National Park. Vict. Resources 9: 40-42. [Reprinted in Latrobe Valley Nat. 42: 10-12.]. 510. SMITH, Muriel, 1967. The friendly and trust- ful Black and White Fantails. Latrobe Valley Nat. 38: 2-3. SOUEF Le, D. see Le SOUEF, D. 511. SOUTHERN, Н. М. and SERVENTY, D. L., 1947. The two phases of Astur novaehollandiae (Gm) in Australia. Emu 46: 331-347. S12. SPENCER, Baldwin and FRENCH, C., 1889. Trip to Croajingolong.* Victorian Nat. 6: 1-38. [*Disused name for East Gippsland.] S13. STEVENS, R., 1965, The Spur-winged Plover— an elegant bird. Latrobe Valley Nat. 17: 6. S14. — ————., 1965. Witts Track Reservoir and Reserve and Haunted-Hills. Latrobe Valley Nat. 2 T. S15. STEWART, George апа Pauline, 1977. Birds in our garden, Clematis 16: 16. S16. STEWART, Hugh, 1959. Birds at Lakes National Park. Victorian Nat. 76: 185. STONE, A. C. see also STONE, A. Chas, 517. STONE, А, C., 1913. Some swamp birds. Emu R28. R29. S3. 13: 82-86. S18. STONE, A. Chas., 1911. Flight of Swifts. Emu 10: 340. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA S19. STOTT, John, 1975. Moroka River camp out. Latrobe Valley Nat. 137: 5. S20. SUCKLING, Ann, 1965. Mt. sion. Clematis 4: 5. S21. SUTTON, C. 5., 1909. Botanical notes of a visit to the Snowy River district. Victorian Nat. 25: 155-160. Tl. TARR, Harold E., 1950. The distribution of foreign birds in Australia. Ети 49: 189-198. T2. THIELE, E. O., 1905. A trip to Lake Karng and Mt. Wellington, north Gippsland. Victorian Nat. 12: 22-30. T3. —————, 1906. Notes on the upper Macallister valley, north Gippsland. Victorian Nat. 23: 8-18. Т4. THOMAS, F. J., 1912. Bird life on the upper Mitchell. Victorian Nat. 28: 199-200. T5. "THOMPSON, Bon, 1966. Feeding the birds. Latrobe Valley Nat. 36: 6-7. Elizabeth excur- Тб. —— ——, 1967. Morwell National Park, La- trobe Valley Nat. 46: 7-8. T7. *—— — —, 1968. Nature notes. Latrobe Valley Nat. 53: 6-7. [Southern Emu-wren, locality untraceable.] T8. —————, 1968. Nature notes—Lyrebirds. La- trobe Valley Nat. 55:3. T9. —— ———, 1968. The Owlet Nightjar. Latrobe Valley Nat. 53: 4. Т10.----- 1971. Conservation of wildlife: address by Mr. A. Roberts. Latrobe Valley Nat. 88: 1-3. T11.——————, 1971. Excursion to Toorongo Falls and Glen Nayook Latrobe Valley Nat. 96: 1. T12.——————, 1972. Excursion to Mt. St. Gwinear. Latrobe Valley Nat. 99: 2. 1972. Fairy ===; Dell. Pius 105: 6-7. Latrobe Valley — ————, 1972. Glenmaggie excursion, ТТ 1972. Latrobe Valley Nat. 104: 1-2. 1973. Report of excursion L.V.F.N.C. LUN August 19th, 1973. Latrobe Valley Nat. 117: 6-7. July ——— 7 19762 CUT Valley Nat. 145: 3. T17. THOMPSON, D. E. 1972. Account of visit of a Powerful Owl. Latrobe Valley Nat. 99: 3. [May be reference to locality outside catchment.] T18.*TITCHER, Margot, c. 1975. Savage 1739- Saviage 1974: A sequel to "The Savage Family Report 1970". Author, Dandenong. [Thomas Savage "having a collection of his watercolour paintings of the local birds": 27. These were not located.] T19.TREASURE, Charles. Diary describing pioneer days on the Dargo High Plain via Bairnsdale, Gippsland, Victoria (1888- jd (Latrobe Library MS. 9450.) [Correct date uncertain.] T20.TURNER, Elizabeth K., 1973. Camping in the caves country: Labour Day weekend—9-12 March, 1973. Victorian Nat. 90: 116-122. qu TURNER, James, 1971. Boggy Ck. Gorge. Clematis 10: 13. 2.— —— 1973. The Lower Mitchell River in 1973. Clematis 12: 10. T23.— —— ——, 1974. Does it remind you? Clematis 19:27; T24. TURNER, Lyn, 1975. Little Cuckoo-shrike at Kalimna West. Clematis 14: 17. bird friends. Latrobe 215 V1. VINCENT, Jean, 1972. Notes on the breeding and feeding habitats required by some of the native birds found on and around Raymond Island, Paynesville. Bird Observer 488 (July): 7-8. |Possibly VINCENT, Joan.] V2. VINCENT, Joan, 1970. Field notes: Cuckoos. Bird Observer 462 (May): 3-4. Pallid V3. —— — —, 1972. Field notes: colour changes of > Cattle Egret. Bird Observer 492 (Nov.): -8. V4, ——— ———, 1972. Field notes: some notes on the breeding and/or feeding requirements of a selection of native birds found in the Glenaladale National Park, Victoria, Bird Observer 493 (Dec.): 6-8. V5, — — —-, 1973. Field notes: calling “Wing ding bird clinic". Bird Observer 498 (May): 5. V6. —— ———, 1975. This and that: something for country шы Bird Observer 524 (July): 53. V7. —————, 1975. White-breasted Sea Eagle. Bird Dm y 528 (Nov.): 87. ү —— 34976. А "White- ears Sea Eagle hunting. Bird Observer 530 (Jan.): V9, —————, 1977. This and that: Gippsland wet- lands need water. Bird Observer 545 (April): 34-35. V10. VINCENT, Norm and Joan, 1972. Bird notes: Red-capped Robin. Bird Observer 489 (Aug.): 5-8 .W. Н. L, 1934. The Christmas excursion. torian Nat. 50: 244. WAKEFIELD, N. A. Norman. W2.WAKEFIELD, N. A. 1942. Bird notes from Croajingolong. Victorian Nat. 59: 70-72. .---, 1952. Lyrebird notes from East Gipps- land. Victorian Nat. 69: 66-67. ,———— —, 1953. Call of the Frogmouth. Vic- torian Nat. 69: 144. .------, 1956. The Brown Warbler in eastern Victoria. Victorian Nat. 72: 178-186 : , 1956. Early Victorian records of the Brown Warbler. Victorian Nat. 73: 4. W7.——————, 1958. Erroneous or doubtful records of birds for Gippsland, Victoria. Emu 58: 271- 276. Vic- see also WAKEFIELD, е 1958. Erroneous or doubtful records of birds for Gippsland. Victorian Nat. 74: 167- 168. о 1958. Some erroneous bird records for Gippsland. Victorian Nat. 74: 134-138. ҮУ10.-----. 1958, Waterbirds іп Gippsland, Таппагу 1958. Victorian Nat. 75: 78-80. W11. ————., 1958. The Yellow-tufted Honeyeater with a description of a new subspecies. Emu 58: 163-194. W12. , 1959, The Large-billed ЖҮКЕ Wren in Victoria, Victorian Nat. 75: 153-15 -, 1963. Visit to Moroka Aem Vic- torian Nat. 80: 64-68. W14. ——————, 1967. Naturalists Diary. Longmans, Melbourne. W15. WAKEFIELD, Norman (Ed.), 1959. Along the by-ways: bird notes from Tyers. Victorian Nat. 76: 154-155. W16.——————, 1959. Along the by-ways: birds at Lakes National Park. Victorian Nat. 76: 184-185. ЖҮ > 216 W17. 1959. Along the by-ways: mimicry of Bower- bird. Victorian Nat. 76: 12-13. W18.——————., 1959. Along the by- -ways: notes from Mount Hotham. Victorian Nat. 76: 12-13. 9. , 1959, Along the by-ways: Spangled Drongo in Victoria. Victorian Nat. 76: 101. 20. —— — —, 1960. Along the by- -ways: bird notes from W- tree. Victorian Nat. 76: 287-288. W21. WAKEFIELD, Norman, 1960. Australian wonder-birds: Satin Bower-bird. Victorian Nat. 77: 103-105. — — ———, 1960. Recent mammal bones in the Buchan district —2, Victorian Nat. 77: 227-240. W23.WAKEFIELD, Norman (Ed.), 1961. Along Ше by-ways: Honeyeaters at Tyers. Victorian Nat. 78: 130-131. 24. 1961. Along the by-ways: leaf-eating Victorian Nat. 78: 236- W22. by Satin Bower- bird. 237. W25.———————, 1962. Rainforest bird association. Victorian Nat. 79: 230-231. W26. WAKEFIELD, Norman, 1969, Nature notes: the raiders in crimson. Age Mon., 20 Oct.: 12. W27.WALL, 1973. Report of Traralgon F.N.C. excursion to Stoney Creek, 6th October 1973. Latrobe Valley Nat. 119: 1. W28. WARD, б. M. (Ed.), 1967. Readers’ nature notes and queries: further news of the Bower- birds at Tyers. Victorian Nat. 84: 120. 29. — — ——, 1967. Readers nature notes and queries: Large-billed Scrub-wrens. Victorian Nat. 84: 120. W30. —— Et Readers’ nature notes and queries: colour еа ез in Blue Wren. Victorian Nat. 85: 129-131 W31. — 1968. Readers’ nature notes and queries: Wattle-birds feeding time. Victorian Nat. 85: 292-293. W32, —————,‚ 1969. Readers nature notes and queries: two bird notes. Victorian Nat. 86: 103. [Letter of E. Lyndon.] W33. —— ———— , 1974. Readers’ TRE notes: ful Owl call. Victorian Nat. 91: W34. WEBB, Gwen, 1969. A wet nf in the bush. Latrobe Valley Nat. 64: 8-9. W35. WEBB, Gwen and JONES, Frank, 1969. Bird Observers’ Easter camp—Cowwarr- 1969. La- trobe Valley Nat. 65: 4-5. W36. WHEELER, John et al., 1957. World bird day, district bird lists, 1955- 1956. V67b Boisdale and Valencia Creek, Уіс.: 58-59. Supplement to Bird Observer. WHEELER, R. see also WHEELER, Roy, WHEELER, W. К. and WHEELER, W. Roy. W37. WHEELER, R., 1953. Some Swift records. Bird Observer (Aug. ): 3-4. W38. WHEELER, В. et al., 1961. Bird Observer 359 (Oct.): 2-3. W39. WHEELER, Roy, 1954. Field notes: some Swift records, 1953-1954. Bird Observer (Sept.): 2-4, Power- Swift reporters. W40.——————, 1956. Notes ER migrants, 1955-56. Bivd Observ er 297 (Aug.): 1. ------- 1958. Notes ра. Swifts, 1957-58. Bird Observer 322. (Sept.) : 2-4. W42.——————-, 1959. Notes on Swifts, 1958-59, Bird Observer 334 (Sept.) : 2-5. I. MANSERGH, A. R. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and K. A. MENKHORST W43. 1959- W44, — — —— —, 1960. Notes on migrants, etc., 60. Bird Observer 346 (Sept.) : 3-7. Spermwhale Head. Bird Ob- server 355 AI: 3-4, 45, —— ————, 1961. Spermwhale Head (соп- cluded). Bird Observer 356 (July): 3. 6. 1963. B.O.C. bird notes, 1962-63 4; Concluded). Bird Observer 383 (Oct.): 4-6. ———, 1963. Field notes: B.O.C. bird notes, оа 63. Bird Observer 381 (Aug.): 3-8. W48.——————, 1964. Birds at McLeod's Куши, Bairnsdale, Vic. V.O.R.G. News 1 (11): W49.———————, 1964. Bird notes, dob Bird Observer 394 (Sept.): 2-8. W50.———— ——, 1964. Bird notes, tinued). Bird Observer 395 (Oct. 2s $1. — —— —, 5. Bird notes, tinued). Bird Observer 407 (Oct.): 32, — ————, 1967. Field notes: желет nesting sites of the White-browed Scrubwren. Bird Ob- server 424 (Mar.): 3-4. Day rx 64 (con- 1364 65 (con- — — ——, 1968. Bird notes, 1967-68. Bird Observer 441 ERA 8. У/54.------ 1968. Bird notes, 1967-68 (con- cluded). Bird Observer 444 (Nov.) : 3-4. 55. — ————-, 1968. Bird notes, 1967-68 (соп- tinued). Bird Observer 442 (Sept. ): 3-8. 56. 1968. Bird notes, 1967-68 (соп- tinued). Bird Observer 443 (Oct.) : 2-8. 57. ——————, 1968. Victorian Warblers. Victorian Nat. 85: 204- 206. 8.------ 1969. Bird notes, 1968-69 (con- tinued). Bird Observer 454 (Sept.) : 4-8. 59, ——— ———, 1969. Bird notes, 1968-69 (соп- tinued). Bird Observer 455 (Oct. ): 7-8. :— — ——-, 1969. Bird notes, 1968-69 (соп- tinued). Ve Observer 456 (Nov.) : 6-8. 61. ——————, 1969. Easter at Cowwarr, Vic. Bird Observer d (July): 7-8. 62. — — —. 1969. Easter camp at Cowwarr, Vic. (continued). Bird Observer 453 (Aug.): 4. 63. ------ 1970. Bird notes, 1968-69 (соп- cluded). Bird Observer 458 (Jan.): 5-8. 64. ——————, 1970. Bird notes, 1969-70. Bird Observer 465 (Aug.): 8. У/65.------ 1970. Bird notes, 1969-70 (con- tinued). Bird Observer 466 (Sept. ): 5-8. 66.——_, 0. Bird notes, 1969-70 (con- tinued). "Bird Observer 468 (Nov.): 4-8. [Locality corrected in ANON,, 1971. Bird Ob- server 481 (Dec.): 8] 67. 1970. News ULL and comments. Bird Observer 460 ian ): 6-7. W68.———————, 1970. News and comments. Bird Observer 461 (April) : 6-7. W69.——————, 1971. News and comments, Bird Observer 471 (Feb.): 2-3. 70.——————, 1971. News Observer 480 (Nov.): 3-4. 71. — ——, 1975. Birding in March, 1975. Bird Observer 522 Қы ен 36-37. УУ72.------ 1975. Honeyeaters on migration. Bird Observ er 524 (July): 51-52. 73. ———————, 1976. We visit 19; National Parks. Bird Observer 537 (Aug.): 59-6 W74. WHEELER, W. R., 1957, M xen on Swifts, 1956-57. Bird Observ. er 309 (Aug.): 5-6. and comments. Bird BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA W75.——————-, 1959, Notes on migrants, Bird Observer 334 (Sept.) : 5-7. .———— ——, 1960. Notes on Swifts, Bird Observer 347 (Oct.) : 3-4. W77. ————.,, 1960. Notes on Swifts, 1959-60 (continued). Bird Observer 348 (Nov.) : 3-5. 1958-59. 1959-60. W78.——————-, 1966. Bird notes, 1965-66. Bird Observer 418 (Sept.): 3-8. W79.——,, 1967, Bird notes, 1966-67. Bird Observer 430 (бері): 4-8, W$80,——————., 1967. Bird notes, 1966-67. Bird Observer 431 (Oct.) : 3-8. W$81.—————, 1971. Bird notes, 1969-70. Bird Observer 470 (Тап.): 6-8. W82, ——— 1972. Field notes: bird notes, 1970- 71 (concluded). Bird Observer 484 (Mar.): 4-8. W83. WHEELER, W. Roy, 1957. Notes on migrants, 1956-57. Bird Observer 309 (Aug.): 3-5. W84.* , 1967. A Handlist of the Birds of Victoria. М.О.Р., Melbourne (?). [Distribution тарѕ.] W85. WICKHAM, John and CROSS, Тап, 1955. World bird day, district bird lists, 1954. V67a Boisdale-Valencia Creek, Уіс.: 33-34. Supple- ment to Bird Observer. W86. WILLIAMSON, H. B, 1911. A cycle trip through East Gippsland. Victorian Nat. 28: 69-77. W87. WILSON, F. Erasmus, 1950. Stray feathers: extension of range of the Helmeted Honeyeater. Emu 49: 292. [Locality not clearly stated.] W88. WIMBUSH, D. J., 1969. Studies of the Pied Currawong Strepera graculina Mountains. Emu 69: 72-80. W89. WODZICKI, Kazimierz and STEIN, Peter, 1958. Migration and dispersal of New Zealand Gannets. Emu 58: 289-312. W90. WORLAND, David and CROSS, lan, 1957. World bird day, district bird lists, 1955-56. V67c Boisdale and Valencia Creek, Vic.: 73. Sup- plement to Bird Observer. Part II—A vian Species List with Annotations Non-Passerines DROMAIIDAE Dromaius novaehollandiae. Emu. A18, B3, B8, B18, B37, B46, B49, B69, B79, C14, C35, El, F13, G34, HIS, HEG ЕТ TIS K6, L5, L8, M34, M39, Р10, P14, V4, W44, W47, W71. PODICIPEDIDAE Podiceps cristatus. Great Crested Grebe, A25, B47, B49, B69, B70, B74, B100, C49, D23, D25, H14, 140, M22, М34, M42, N4, N12, P10, P19, R29, S16, W10, W55, W58, W65, W67, W79. Poliocephalus poliocephalus. Hoary-headed Grebe. A25, B49, B69, B74, C16, C49, C55, D23, G33, H15, 719, 4:5 M34, M46, N12, P10, P19, R6, S17, W10, W61, W85. ММУ Specimen: 4703. in the Snowy ' 217 Tachybaptus novaehollandiae. Australasian Grebe, А1, A25, B26, B44, B49, B74, В100, C16, C35, C55, D235, .D26, D28, F8, H15, 14, 318, J41, L5,. 142, M34, M35, M36, P10, R24, R29, W10, W61. SPHENISCIDAE Eudyptula minor. Little Penguin. B49, B69, B70, M34, N12, P10, W45. DIOMEDEIDAE Diomedea exulans. B49, M34. Diomedea melanophrys, B70, B96, M34. Diomedea chlororhynchos. M34. Diomedea cauta. H30, M34. Macronectes giganteus. B69,'M34, N12. Daption capense. M34. Pterodroma lessonii. B49, H15. Pterodroma inexpectata. M34, P15, R22. NMV Specimen: B7196. Pachyptila vittata. Broad-billed Prion. M34, N12. Pachyptila salvini. H25, M34. ММУ Specimen: B4018. Pachyptila desolata. Antarctic Prion. Wandering Albatross. Black-browed Albatross. Yellow-nosed Albatross. Shy Albatross. Southern Giant-Petrel. Cape Petrel, White-headed Petrel. Mottled Petrel. Lesser Broad-billed Prion. N12. Pachyptila belcheri. Slender-billed Prion, M34, N12. Pachyptila turtur. Fairy Prion. B49, M34, NI2. NMV Specimens: R10032-33. [Locality given Ninety Mile Beach, may not be in study area.] Puffinus griseus. Sooty Shearwater. M34, P5. NMV Specimen: W5108. Puffinus tenuirostris. Short-tailed Shearwater, B7, B49, B71, J30, M34, P10, W45, W79. NMV Specimen: B4734. Puffinus gavia. Fluttering Shearwater. B49, B70, J18, N12, P10, R14, W45. NMV Specimens: B4697, B4739-41, B6557, B6572, B6588, B8228, B11269. OCEANITIDAE Oceanites oceanicus. M34, S5. Pelagodroma marina. M34. Wilson's Storm-Petrel. White-faced Storm-Petrel PELECANOIDIDAE Pelecanoides urinatrix. B7, B49, M34, N12. Common Diving-Petrel. PELECANIDAE Pelecanus conspicillatus. Australian Pelican. А1, A25, A51, B7, B13, B26, В49, B69, ВТІ, C16, 218 C24, D23, D25, E2, F8, G33, Н15, Н21, 78, 114, 918; ЗЕБ Қо; 15277 1535; IVES. M4, М8, M34, M50, N4, N12, Р19, W44, W73. SULIDAE Morus serrator. Australasian Gannet, B7, B49, B70, B71, B73, B77, C49, C54, J14, 718, M33, M34, N12, P10, W45, W89. ANHINGIDAE Anhinga melanogaster. M34, N12, №71. Darter. PHALACROCORACIDAE Leucocarbo fuscescens. Black-faced Shag. B70, B71, 16,118, M10, M34, N12. Phalacroces ‘ax carbo. Great Cormorant. B7, B13, B19, B30, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C16, C35, C49, (сл; E23 D26, D27, F7, F15, H15, 718, K8, L5, M3, M4, M5, М11, M34, M35, M36, M42. NEZ РІ; РІО: 25242 R20. "DA. 'WI0, W44, WAS, W58, W61, W71, W73, W79. NMV Specimens: B4850-69, B7193-94, Phalacrocorax varius. Pied Cormorant, B13, В19, B49, B69, В70, B71, C31, C53, D23, D23; (Els HAS, Vi ТЕЛА та EZA 1035, MET. M16, M34, N11, N12, W27, W44. ММУ Specimens: B3200-03, B4884. Phalacrocorax sulcirostris. Little Black Cormorant. A25, B19, B30, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C16, C54, C55, El, ЕІ, G35, H15, 118, КЗ, L5, MII, M34, M35, M36, M52, NI2, P10, P19, R24, R29, V1, W61, W79. Phalacr ocorax melanoleucos. A25, B7, B13, B30, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C16, C35, C49, C55, D23, D26, D27, D28, Fl, G29, Bm 112, 118, K8, ү М5, M11, M34, M35, M36, M52, N12, P10, P19, SI9, V1, W8, W36, W44, W48, W61, W73, W79. w90. Рлагасгосоғас idae spp. Cormorant. B40, B44, C29, C31, E2, G33, H30, K4, M46, M50, NI, S12, S20. PHAETHONTIDAE Phaethon lepturus. White-tailed Tropicbird. ММУ Specimen: B12506 ARDEIDAE Ardea pacifica. A25, A26, A32, B49, B69, B71, B73, B74, C55, D25, El, F7, H15, 140, К4, 127, M34, M35, M36, M46, M32, P10, P19, R24, R29, Ardea nov aehollandiae. White-faced Heron. Al, 443, B7, B13, В14, В19, B26, B30, B37, B49, B54, B55, B69, B71, B73, B74, C16, C35, C49, (ro C54, C55, D25, D27, D28, Èl, E2, Fl, P7, E13, G10, G29, G35, Н15, H30, I1, 16, 78, 19, 112, 114, 718, 725, 141, 153, K4, L1, L5, L14, L20, 1.0, M33, M34, M35, M36, M37, M42, M46, M52, N12, P3, Р10, P13, P19, R7, R24, R29, T4, V1, №10, W36, W44, W48, W61, №85. Ardeola ibis. Cattle Egret. 431, B34, B49, B74, B94, C20, E2, F7, H3l, K8, L37, M34, N12, R13, V3, W10, W14, W66, W79. [Not recorded breeding although several authors have observed birds with breeding plumage.] Little Pied Cormorant. Pacific Heron. I. MANSERGH, A. К. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and К. A. MENKHORST Egretta alba. Great Egret. B26, B30, B44, B49, B55, B69, B70, B71, B73, B74, 521,5 639, U49 Coa) 91925 роо 1027 FTLS Т 114, J18, K8, 136, M5, M34, M35, M42, M50, M52, N12, P10, PI9, R5, W10, W14, W44, W48, W79. Egretta garzetta. Little Egret. B91, B95, M34, N12, P3, P19, W10, W14, W66. Egretta intermedia, Intermediate Egret. B49, C16, F7, M34, P19, W10, W14. Egretta sacra. Eastern Reef Egret. B49, M34. Nycticorax caledonicus. Rufous Night Heron. A23, A24, B49, B69, B71, G10, H15, J18, K4, M34, N12, P10, P19, R24, R29, T22, Ixobry chus minutus. Little Bittern. D16, M34 Botaurus poiciloptilus. Australasian Bittern. B69, C35, M34, N12, P10, W66, W79. Ardeidae spp. Noted as either Heron or Egret, C46, M3, M46. PLATALEIDAE Plegadis falcinellus. Glossy Ibis. A37, K8, M34, N12, W78, ММУ Specimens: B5292, B5302. Threskiornis aethiopica. Sacred Ibis. A25, B27, B30, B34, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C16, C31, C45, C49, CSR D23, D28, F7, F15, G35, Il, J12, 114, J18, J41, K8, L5, M3, М5, М33, M34, M35, M42, M46, N12, P10, P19, W10, W36, W48, W61, W79, W85. Threskiornis spinicollis. Straw-necked Ibis, A25, B7, B17, B34, B49, B69, B70, B71, C16, C35, Cor C53, 1525, БІ; БУ; ПІ, 114, 718, 741, K8, K9, L5, L14, 125, M3, MS, MIS, M33, M34, M35, M42, M46, M52, N12, P10, P19, R24, R29, WIO, W48, W61, №76, W79, W85. Platalea regia. Royal Spoonbill. B49, B69, B70, B71, B74, C16, E2, F7, K8, 121, А, MS, M34, N12, P10, P19, V4, W10, W48, WSS, tee flavipes. Yellow-billed Spoonbill. A25, B7, B49, B69, B73, B74, C16, D23, D25, F7, J18, KS, M34, М52, М12, Р10, R24, R29, W10, WAS, W61. Platalea Spp. Spoonbill. H5, L36, M51. ANATIDAE Anseranas semipalmata. Magpie Goose. M34, R5. [R5 is record of sighting in Fisheries and Wildlife enclosure.] Dendrocygna eytoni. Plumed Whistling-Duck. B49, M34, W55. Cygnus atratus. Black Swan. Al, 410, 411, A12, A25, A39, A51, B7, В19, B26, B33, B44, B54, B69, B71, В73, В79, 'C16, 69297031. C49, C55, D23, Hl,.E2, B7, 13, F15, G33, Н15, H21, H30, H40, ІП, 18, 112, 114, 718, K4, K7, K8, DIR 112, 120, 127, 136, M3, M4, MS, M33, M34, M42, M46, M50, M52, NI, N4, N12, P10, P19, R5, R24, R29, 521; W10, W44, W48, W68, W71, W73. Cygnus olor. Mute Swan. C16. Stictonetta naevosa. Freckled Duck. C16, M34, W10. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA отор novaehollandiae. Fé. Tadorna tadornoides. Australian Shelduck. Al, B13, B45, B49, B56, B69, B71, B74, B75, C16, C49, C52, C55, D23, 025, D28, El, E2, G35, HS, H15, Il, 114, 2/18, K2, K4, L5, 127, M34, M52, N12, P10, P19, R24, R29, T14, W36, W44, W48, W61, W71, W80, W85, W90. ММУ Specimen: B653. Anas superciliosa. Pacific Black Duck. Al, A25, B19, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, B74, C16, C35, C49, C53, C54, C55, 02, D23, D26, D27, D28, El, £2, Fl, F7, F8, F13, G35, HIS, 114, J18, J41, K4, K8, L5, L27, M5, M22, M33, M34, M35, M36, M42, M46, M52, N12, P10, R2, R24, R26, R29, V9, W10, №27, W44, W48, W85. Cape Barren Goose. Anas platyrhynchos. Mallard. M34, N12. Anas gibberifrons. Grey Teal. Al, A25, B44, B49, B69, C16, C49, C55, D22, D23, КІ, Е2, P8, F15, G33, G35, H15, 118, КА, К8, L5, M33, M34, M35, M42, M46, M52, М4, N12, Р10, R24, R29, 710, W10, W48, W85. NMV Specimens: B5044, В5532, B9459, В11085- 88, W3826, W5734-35. Anas castanea. Chestnut Teal. Al, B49, B69, B71, B78, C16, C55, E2, F8, H15, 118, J41, КЗ, K8, M22, M33, M34, Eu Nie Р10, P19, R24, R29, TIO, V8, W10, W44, ММУ Specimens: B650, В5011, B9465-66, B9469, W3827. Anas rhynchotis. Australasian Shoveller. A25, B49, C16, E2, H15, 118, M34, M52, N12, W10, W44, W48. Malacorhynchus membranaceus. B49, C51, M34, W10. Aythya australis. Hardhead, B7803, B9460-63, Pink-eared Duck. A25, B49, C55, D23, J8, K4, K8, M34, M52, N9, N12, P10, T10, W10, W48. ММУ Specimens: B8897, B9507-08, B9518, Chenonetta jubata. Maned Duck. A25, B4, B49, B69, B71, B74, C10, C35, G35, J18, K4, L5, 127, 'M34, M35, M36, M37, N10, N12, P19, R24, R29, S18, T14, V4, W66. NMY Specimen: B7691. Oxyura australis. Blue-billed Duck. D23, J18, K8, M34, P10, W10, W50, W59, W67. ММУ Specimens: B8898, B9544. Biziura lobata. Musk Duck. A25, B49, BI00, C16, 023, E2, H15, J41, K4, K8, M34, N12, P10, №10, W45. ММУ Specimens: B9556-59. Anatidae spp. Duck. B40, G33, H22, H40, K8, L11, M3. PANDIONIDAE Pandion haliaetus. M34, P19, W78. Osprey. ACCIPITRIDAE Elanus notatus. Black-shouldered Kite. A25, B49, B62, B69, B71, B73, B75, C45, D25, E2, G34, G35, ES, M34, 118, L14, P13, R24, R26, W55. NMV Specimens: B2397, B4951. Elanus scriptus. Letter-winged Kite. 3 D23, D25, D26, 219 Milvus migrans. Black Kite. R24, Lophoictinia isura. Square-tailed Kite. R24. Hamirostra melanosternon. Black-breasted Buzzard. НІ5. Haliastur indus. Вгаһтіпу Kite. W80. Haliastur sphenurus. Whistling Kite. A25, B7, B19, B26, B49, B69, B75, B76, B90, C49, C54, C55, D23, E2, Fl, F13, G10, G29, G35, J53, K4, ІЛ, L5, LII, L14, L19, M34, M35, M46, P10, P13, P19, R24, W36, W44, W48, W51, W61, W85, W90. Accipiter fasciatus. Brown Goshawk. A46, B7, B36, B49, B55, B69, B75, C49, D24, D27, D28, F6, G35, G36, H15, J18, 124, 153, L5, M34, M35, P13, R24, T12, V4, W36, W44, W61. ММУ Specimen: B12073. Accipiter cirrhocephalus. D25, F13, G36, L5, M34. Accipiter novaehollandiae. А4, M34, M43, R12, 511. NMV Specimen: RI. Accipiter spp. Goshawk. B26, C35, C49, I1, M41, P10, W85, W90. Haliaeetus leucogaster. White-bellied Sea-Eagle. B13, B15, B26, B36, B49, B55, B69, B70, B73, B78, El, H15, J8, J12, J18, M5, M33, M34, M50, N12, P10, P19, V6, V7, V8, W44, W48, W71, W73. NMV Specimen: R1393. Aquila audax. Wedge-tailed Eagle. A46, B7, B26, B37, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, B75, B79, C35, C45, C49, C53, C54, D3, D6, D24, D25, D26, E2, F6, F13, G35, H15, I1, J12, J18, 153, КІ, HS 'L13, L27, Теге 139, M21, M33, M34, M35, M36, M43, P10, P13, P16, R3, R15, R24, V4, W36, W61, W71, W85, W90. ММУ Specimens: B11461, R4139. Hieraaetus morphnoides. Little Eagle. A46, B49, B69, B71, C53, D24, L5, L26, M34, P10, W36, W61, W71, W85, W90. Circus assimilis. Spotted Harrier. B69, M34, И/80. Circus aeruginosus. Marsh Harrier. A25, B7, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, B75, C16, D26, D27. 028, E2, FI, F7, HI5, Y18, L5; M33, M34, M46, P10, R24, T4, W8, W44, W48. NMV Specimens: B6594, W3551. Collared Sparrowhawk. Grey Goshawk. FALCONIDAE Falco subniger. Black Falcon. C49, D25, L5, M34. Falco peregrinus. Peregrine Falcon. A25, B49, B69, B75, C49, C51, D24, D25, F13, G35, HIS, J18, J53, LS, M34, M35, M36, W44, W46, W49, Wél. Falco longipennis, Australian Hobby. A25, A46, D24, F13, 19, 118, LI, LS, M34, M35, M36, R24, W48, W61. Falco hypole ucos. Grey Falcon. D25. Falco berigora. Brown Falcon. B49, B53, B54, B71, B73, B75, C54, D26, D27, D26, G35, Н15, J18, K4, L5, L14, M34, M35, M36, M52, P10, R24, та, W36, W44, W61, W68, W90. NMV Specimens: B82- 83, B11425. 220 Falco cenchroides. Australian Kestrel. В10, B49, B60, B62, B69, B75, C49, C53, C54, C55, D26, D27, D28, El, E2, Fl, F6, F13, G29, G35, G36, Н15, I1, J18, /21, J31, К4, L5, 1,39, M34, M35, M36, Р10, P13, R24, W36, W48, W61, W68, W85, W90. NMV Specimen: W8934, PHASIANIDAE Coturnix novaezelandiae. Stubble Quail. Al, A35, B49, B69, C35, H15, 118, L5, L31, M17, M29, M31, M34, M35, M37, M52, P10, КІ, R23, R24, T4, V4, W48, W53, W71. ММУ Specimens: B7413, W8919. Coturnix australis. Brown Quail. B49, B69, B70, B71, El, H15, K4, M34, W61, W79. Coturnix chinensis. King Quail. L14. TURNICIDAE Turnix varia. Painted Button-quail. A25, B69, G29, L5, M34, M35, M36, W35, W61. ММУ Specimens: B7730, W5596. PEDIONOMIDAE Pedionomus torquatus. | Plains-wanderer. L18. RALLIDAE Rallus philippensis. Bufl-banded Rail. B49, C25, C35, F7, 622,130, M34, N12, P10, ММУ Specimens: B12000, B12007. Rallus pectoralis. Lewin’s Rail. B49, J13, M34. ММУ Specimens: B11094, B12056, Porzana pusilla. Baillon's Crake. B49, 025, 027, M34, N4, P10. ММУ Specimen: B2440, Porzana fluminea. Australian Crake. B44, B49, F7, F13, H 15, 111, M34, N12. Porzana tabuensis. Spotless Crake. F7, L20, R29. Gallinula ventralis. Black-tailed Native-hen. F13, Gallinula tenebrosa., Dusky Moorhen. A3, A25, B49, C12, C16, C49, C53, D23, D27, E2, J18, J41, K7, K8, L5, L12, M34, M35, M36, M37, M42, M50, M52, N4, N12, P3, P10, P19, R24, R27, W10, W36, W61, W71, W85, W90. NMV Specimens: B9427-29, B11405, 567. Porphyrio porphyrio. Purple Swamphen. A25, B69, B73, C16, C49, C52, C55, D23, E2, F1, J18, 141, K8, L5, L14, M5, M33, M34, M35, M42, M52, N4, N12, P3, P10, R5, W10, W36, W61, W68, W79, W85, W90. ММУ Specimens: В9438-41. Fulica atra. Eurasian Coot. A25, A39, B40, B47, B49, B69, B71, B73, C16, C53, C55, D23, G35, 112, 114, 141, K7, K8, L5, Lil, L14, M5, M22, M33, M34, M42, M46, N4, N12, P10, P19, R24, R27, R29, W10, W15, W36, W61, W85. ММУ Specimen: В9421. I. MANSERGH, A. R. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and K. A. MENKHORST GRUIDAE, Grus rubicundus. G33. Brolga. OTIDIDAE Ardeotis australis. Australian Bustard, W2. BURHINIDAE Burhinus magnirostris. B72; F 15.155. Bush Thick-knee. ROSTRATULIDAE Rostratula benghalensis. Painted Snipe. B13, B92, E2, F7, L26, M34, W70. ММУ Specimens; W3823-24, W5006. HAEMATOPODIDAE Haematopus longirostris. Pied Oystercatcher. 429, B7, B19, B49, B69, В71, B74, НІ5, 118, M34, P19, W45, W65. Haematopus fuliginosus. 429, B49,'MJ4. Sooty Oystercatcher. CHARADRIIDAE Vanellus miles, Masked Lapwing. A25, B13, B19, B44, B49, B54, B69, B70, B71, B73, BT4, C16; 4255: 004202 (053: OH (050 1923, 1226) D27; 4928: BE B2; I БУ, B345:G35; MIS ТЕ J12, 114, /18, K4, L5, 114, M8, M34, M35, M36, M42, M46, M52, P10, P13, Q1, R24, R29, 513, S16, VI, W10, W16, W36, W48, W61, W85, W90. ММУ Specimens: R10119-21, W5636. Vanellus tricolor. Banded Lapwing. B49, B69, B71, B73, B74, C52, D26, D28, H15, M34, M49, M52, N12, R24, W61, W90. Pluvialis squatarola. Grey Plover. B69, M34, N12. Pluvialis dominica. Lesser Golden Plover. B69,'M34, N12, W58. ММУ Specimen: 5766. Erythrogonys cinctus. Red-kneed Dotterel. B74, C35, J11, M34, М4, И/10. Charadrius rubricollis. Hooded Plover. B19, B30, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C28, Н15, J18, M34, N12, W45, W71, W73. Charadrius bicinctus. Double-banded Plover. B74, M34, N12, W45. ММУ Specimen: R11578. Charadrius ruficapillus. Red-capped Plover. A30, B19, B49, B54, B69, B70, B71, B73, C28, C54, H15, J11, J18, K4, M33, M34, N12, P10, S15, W16, W45. ММУ Specimens: R11595-97, W5694-96. Charadrius melanops. Black-fronted Plover. A25, A30, B44, B49, B69, B71, C31, C49, C53, GIS, D23, E2, H15, J12, J18, K4, L5, M34, M35, M52 N4, N12, P10, R24, R29, W55, W61, W79, W85. ММУ Specimen: R11616, , RECURVIROSTRIDAE Himantopus himantopus. Black-winged Stilt. A30, B49, B69, C49, C55, ЕЗ, J18, M34, N4, N12, W10. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA 221 Cladorhynchus leucocephalus. B49, B69, H15, H37. [B49 notes specimen in Australian Museum, Sydney.] Recurvirostra novaehollandiae. Red- necked Avocet. Not recorded in the literature. ММУ Specimens: W1713-14. Banded Stilt. SCOLOPACIDAE Arenaria interpres. B69, M34, N12. Numenius madagascariensis, Eastern Curlew. B49, B69, B71, B73, B74, H15, M34, N12, W79. Numenius phaeopus. Whimbrel. B49, B69, M34, N12. Tringa glareola. Wood Sandpiper. M34, N12. Tringa brevipes, M34. Ruddy Turnstone, Grey-tailed Tattler. Tringa hypoleucos. B49, M34, N12, W55. Tringa nebularia. Greenshank. B49, B69, B73, B74, H15, 118, M34, N12, W55. ММУ Specimens: R11650-53. Gallinago hardwickii. Latham’s Snipe. Common Sandpiper. A25, B49, B69, B86, G34, G35, J18, L5, L26, L33, M34, M35, N4, N12, S16, W13, W16, W48. ММУ Specimens: B2666, B7636-38, W5901. Gallinago megala, Swinhoe's Snipe. H11, H15, K4, R24, R29. Limosa limosa. Black-tailed Godwit. M34. ММУ Specimen: R11641. Limosa lapponica. Bar-tailed Godwit. B7, B30, B49, B74, J18, M34, N12, W55, W58. ММУ Specimen: R11642. Calidrus canutus. Red Knot. M34, N12, W8. ММУ Specimen: R11676. Calidris tenuirostris. Great Knot. C13, M18, M34, N12, W8, W9. Calidris acuminata. Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. B49, B54, C54, 025, H15, J18, M34, N4, N12, W10, W79. ММУ Specimens: R11666-69. Calidris ruficollis. Red-necked Stint. B7, B49, E2, H15, 118, M34, N12, P10, W10, NMV Specimens: W5691- 93, Calidris ferruginea. Curlew Sandpiper. B49, B74, M34, N12. ММУ Specimen: W5690. STERCORARIIDAE Stercorarius skua. Great Skua. B69, M34. Stercorarius parasiticus. Arctic Jaeger. B26, B69, B71, M34, №45, LARIDAE Larus novaehollandiae. Silver Gull. B7, B13, B19, B26, B30, B40, B44, B49, B68, B69, B70, B71, B73, C16, C19, C49, 'C54, ЭМИ El, 'E2, F7, FIS, HIS, H30, I1, J6, Ji2, 114, 718, 726, J41, K4, L12, M5, M34, M42, M52, N12, P10, P19, RS, R24, R29, S16, V1, W10, W16, W44, W61, W68. ММУ Specimens: R10085-89. Larus pacificus. Pacific Gull. B7, B19, B30, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, J18, K4, M34, N12, P10, P19, V1, W45. Larus dominicanus. Kelp Gull. 429, W55, W65. Larus spp. Gull. G33, M46, M50, N1. Chlidonias hybrida. Whiskered Tern. B7, B49, B69, B73, H15, K8, M34, M46, N12, 817, W79. Chlidonias leucoptera. M34, N12. Gelochelidon nilotica. A41, B69, M34. Hydroprogne caspia. Caspian Tern. B7, B26, B30, B44, B49, B69, B71, B73, H15, J14, J18, M34, N12, P10, P19, S16, W16, W44, W55, W73. NMV Specimen: R10046. Sterna hirundo. Common Tern. A41, H26, M34, N12, W7. NMV Specimen: B6688. Sterna striata. White-fronted Tern. B49,'M13, M34, N12, S7. ММУ Specimen: W4801. Sterna albifrons. Little Tern. А21, B19, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C38, 118, M34, N12, W47. ММУ Specimens: B4297-99, B12240. Sterna nereis. Fairy Tern. B49, C38, C54, L17, M34. Sterna Бегей. Crested Tern. B7, B19, B26, B30, B44, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C49, E2, H15, 18, 18, K4, M34, N12, P10, P19, 87, V1, W16, W44, W73, W79. ММУ Specimens В6694-97, W2437, W2440. ЕЛГЕН; White-winged Tern. Gull-billed Tern. COLUMBIDAE Lopholaimus antarcticus. Topknot Pigeon. Cll Ж; Columba livia. B71, M34, Streptopelia chinensis. Spotted Turtle-dove. Al, D27, D28, M34, P10, W53, W64. Geopelia placida. Peaceful Dove. B49, B53, Gl, H15, J18, J26, L5. Phaps chalcoptera. Common Bronzewing. A46, A50, B2, B30, B49, В69, B70, B71, В100, C35, D2, D24, F13, G35, H15, H20, 18, 118, 153, K4, L5, L20, M30, M34, M35, M36, M37, М46, Р10, R15, R24, Т14, УІ, W36, W44, W61, W65, W79. ММУ Specimens: B7706, W5635. Phaps elegans. Brush Bronzewing. B49, B69, B70, B79, C35, H15, "i120, 11% 153, L3; L14, M34, M36, R24, W53, W65. Phaps spp. Bronzewing. B22, C34, F6, K6, L29, L39. Leucosarcia melanoleuca. Wonga Pigeon. A16, A35, A46, B2, B23, B24, B34, %69. В100, С34, C35, C46, D2, D4, D24, F13, (537; G38, J53, K6, L5, M34, M35, M36, 02, 03, R24, T4, 'T20, тот W25, W65, W79. NMV Specimens: B8879, B10382, W8608, W9704. Feral Pigeon, 222 I. MANSERGH, A. К. McEVEY, С, A. BELCHER and К, A. MENKHORST CACATUIDAE Calyptorhynchus magnificus. ғ Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo F2. Calyptorhynchus lathami. R7. Calyptorhynchus funereus, Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo. A16, A25, A35, A46, B5, B20, B36, B49, B54, B69, B75, C34, C35, C46, D5, D19, D24, F2, F6, F13, G35, G36, G39, H8, H15, J35. T8, JS И K4, K6, L5, L14, M8, M30, M34, M35, M36, M37. N13, O3, Pil, РА. R15. "NOT. T12, V4, W34, W44, W6l. W71, W80. ММУ Specimens: R13315, W9703. Callocephalon fimbriatum. Gang-gi ang Cockatoo. Glossy Black-Cockatoo. 425, A35, A46, A50, ASI, B31, B34, B38, B49, B59, B67, B73, B75, C34, C46, C55, D2, 05, D8, D24, D28, F2, F10, F13, Gl, G35, НІ5, 718, J29, ТУ 4 doa, ТАЛ, Та. M34, M35, M36, N2, N3, (93, P2, P11, Ql; R24, 86, T4, T20, W34, W61, W68, И/80, W86, W90. ММУ Specimen: B5338. Cacatua roseicapilla. Galah. Al, B49, B69, B71, B73, B74, B83, (929. Ш: ES: L14, M34, M35, M36, W56, W61, Cacatua galerita. Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. A22, А50, B26, B49, B69, B73, B74, B85, C16, C35, C45, C53, 05, G29, Н15, ІП, J7, TIS Ilsa n5. DAZ L14, M34, M35, M36, M46, PULSI P19, R7, R24, T4, 720, V6, W27, W36, W48, W61, W68, И/85, W90. Cacatuidae spp. Cockatoo. A48, E2. LORIDAE Trichoglossus haematodus. Rainbow Lorikeet. B49, B50, B62, B69, B75, C49, C54, D25, El, F2, ЕЗ, НІІ, H15, H20, 131, K4, M34, P10, Р19, R24, V4, W44, W51, W80. NMV Specimen: W9705. Glossopsitta concinna. Musk Lorikeet. 451, BIS, B19, B49, B53, B69, C55, D23, ЕІ, F2, HIS, H20, 718, L14, 'M34, M52, P11, Q3, R24, W35, W44, Wol. ММУ Specimen: W8848. Glossopsitta porphyrocephala. Purple-crowned Lorikeet. B69, H20, L5, M34. Glossopsitta pusilla. Little Lorikeet. В49, B69, B73, F2, Н15, 153, L5, M34, M36, T4, W56. POLYTELITIDAE Alisterus scapularis. Australian King-Parrot. A25, A46, B3, B38, B39, В41, B49, B53, B63, B69, B75, B95, C35, C46, C52, DS, D24, БІЗ, G35, Н15, J7, 718, 353. 1.5, L14, 125, M34, M36, M41, NI, 02, P11, R24, 519, T13, T20, W27, W35, W36, W56, W61, W80, W85, W90. NMV Specimens: B49, B5329-32, B11432, B11996, R8671, W8526, W8623- 24. Nymphicus hollandicus. Cockatiel. B49. PLATYCERCIDAE Pezoporus wallicus. Ground Parrot. A40, A41, B43, B49, E1, L36, M34. NMV Specimen: W10083. Melopsittacus undulatus. Budgerigar, M5. Lathamus discolor. Swift Parrot. B69, B76, D20, J18,'M34, W80. Platycercus elegans. Crimson Rosella. A9, A25, 434, A46, B2, B4, B10, B11, ВІЗ, B15, B19, B22, B30, B35, B37, B49, B59, B69, B70, B73, B75, C16, C27, C34, C35, C46, C49, C53, C54, C55, D5, D24, D26, D27, D28, Fl; Бб, Pls; GH G29, G33, G35, G36, H15, H22, H30, H32, 27, J8, J18, ТЕ 1585 c Rc p: L14, 122; EJ М8, М21, M34, M35, M36, M37, NI, Оз, Q1, P11, P19, R24, R27, S8, T4, T20, W20, W36, W44, W45, 'WAS, W51, W61, W68, W71, W85, W90. NMV Specimens: B5325-28, B9873. Platycercus eximius. Eastern Rosella. Al, A25, A46, B7, B26, B49, B59, B69, B70, B73, B75, (34: C35, C49, (355. 22210 GSS D23, D24, 026, 027, D28, ЕІ, F13, G4, G10, G33, G35, G36, H15, H22, ПІ, J8, J18, K4, L5, L14, M8, M34, M35, M36, M46, M52, МІ, ОЗ, P11, P19, ВІ, R7, R24, R26, R27, V1, W42, W44, үү48, W61, W68, И/85, И/90. ММУ Specimens: В57, В5322-24, В11227-28, W8932. Platycercus adscitus. Pale-headed Rosella. T5124 Platycercus spp. Rosella. T4. Psephotus haematonotus, Red-rumped Parrot. M34, M36, W75. Neophema сіюузозіота. | Blue-winged Parrot. B49, B69, B74, 118, M34, PII, R17, R24, S14, W7, W44, W66, W80. Neophema elegans. Н15. Neophema chrysogaster. HIS, RIT. Neophema pulchella. Turquoise Parrot, 445. [Locality, “between Melbourne and Gippsland.”] Elegant Parrot. Orange-bellied Parrot. CUCULIDAE Cuculus pallidus. Pallid Cuckoo. 452, B49, B53, B54, B65, B69, B74, C33, C35, C49, C54, F2, РІЗ, G26, G33, G35, H15, J18, 153, K4, 75, Luo. L14, M34, ОЗ, Р14, P19, R7, R24, v2, W40, W43, W48, W83, W86. ММУ Specimen: В11326, Cuculus variolosus. Brush Cuckoo. В49, D25, 118, К4, L5, M34, M35. ММУ Specimen: R9035. Cuculus pyrrhophanus. Fan-tailed Cuckoo. A46, A52, B49, В55, B69, В73, B74, B78, C33, C45, C49, D24, D26, D27, F2, F6, F13, G9, G26, G33, G35, Н15, J18, 153, K4, 1.5, 114, (M34, M35, M36, ЕШ P14, R24, 59, V4, W27, W36, W44, W61, 85, №90. ММУ Specimens: В5343-45, В7549, В8447, W8380. Chrysococcyx basalis. Horsfield's Bronze- Cuckoo. A46, B49, B74, C33, C49, C53, C54, D24, D26, F13, H15, J18, 153, K4, L5, 114, M34, M35, M52, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA 223 P11, R16, R24, V2, W36, W48, W85, W90. ММУ Specimen: В10483. Chrysococcyx lucidus. Shining Bronze-Cuckoo. A25, В19, B49, C35, D27, 028, G26, 118, 151, 153, Ка Га; LVS, 122; M34, M35, PLE R7, R24, R27, S9, W61. Chrysococcyx spp. Bronze-Cuckoo. F2, P14, S9, T4, T21. STRIGIDAE Ninox strenua. Powerful Owl. B49, F9, G6, 153, L5, M34, T17, T21, W33. Ninox novaeseelandiae. Southern Boobook. A052 15429. В71: B/S; G35, E13, (і35, Als, H20, H32, 118, 153, K4, L5, L14, L21, M34, M35, M36, 03, R24, W36, W61. NMV Specimens: B11660, B12396. Ninox connivens. Barking Owl. M36. TYTONIDAE Tyto alba. Barn Owl. 436, B49, B73, H15, J21, M34, W68. ММУ Specimen: R5057. Tyto novachollandiae. Masked Owl. C17, M14, M34, W22. ММУ Specimens: B10294, В11604, В12267, W9739. Tyto tenebricosa. Sooty Owl. A38, M34, W22. PODARGIDAE Podargus strigoides. Tawny Frogmouth. Al, B7, B15, B49, B88, D2, F13, G33, H15, J18, 153, L5, K4, M6, M34, M36, P14, R7, R24, W4, W44, W48, W66, И/68. ММУ Specimens: В9856, W9773. AEGOTHELIDAE Aegotheles cristatus. Australian Owlet-nightjar A46, B49, D24, H15, K4, L5, M34, M36, T9, W61. ММУ Specimen: B11033. CAPRIMULGIDAE Caprimulgus mystacalis. White-throated Nightjar. A7, F11, J18, 153, L30, M34, V4. ММУ Specimens: B12397, W6656, 48 (a). APODIDAE Hirundapus caudacutus. White-throated Needletail. A46, B7, B39, B49, B59, B65, B70, B73, B84, C35, D24, F13, G12, G35, H15, 118, 153, L5, M34, M35, M36, N5, N6, N7, М8, Р11, R24, $18, W34, W37, W38, W39, W41, W44, W71, W74, W77. NMV Specimens: B9874, B12193, B12226. Apus pacificus. Fork-tailed Swift. B49, B70, J18, M34, W74, W77. ALCEDINIDAE Ceyx azurea. Azure Kingfisher. A25, B11, B26, B49, B69, C35, D2, F13, H7, Н15, 712, 118, 742, 153, 120, 127, 1.35, M34, М36, М52, P11, P19, R24, T14, W34, W35, W44, w56, №61, W66, W80. 2 Dacelo novaeguineae. Laughing Kookaburra. Al, A25, A46, 449, B11, B19, B31, B49, B50, B62, B68, B69, B70, B71, B73, B86, C16, C34, C45, C49, C53,1654, ӘЛ ИТМӘ P24, D26,-D27, 1226: Fis ЕЭ; F6, F13, G10, G29, G33, G35, G36, H5, HIS, 11, 17,5, 712. 11% 129-331, 735, 737, 153, КІ, КА, ІЛ, L5, L11, 112, 114, 122, M8, M34, M36, M37, M47, N2, ОЗ, P11, Q2, R4, R9, R24, Т4, V1, W36, W44, W48, W61, W68, W80, И/85, W90. ММУ Specimen: W9934. арк pyrrhopygia. Red-backed Kingfisher. Halcyon sancta. Sacred 'Kingfisher. В19, B38, B49, B69, В100, C35, D2, Е13, H15, H20, 1181-322, 427. 153; K4. L5. L14; L20; 1:35, М2, M34, M35, M36, P11, R24, T4, W48, W56, W68. Alcedinidae spp. noted as Kingfisher. E2, G33. MEROPIDAE Merops ornatus. Rainbow Bee-eater. A44, B38, B49, C35, F3, H15, L5, M34. CORACIIDAE Eurystomus orientalis. Dollarbird. B49, C35, F3, J18, L5, M34, W56, W66. Passerines MENURIDAE Menura novaehollandiae. Superb Lyrebird. A13, A16, A25, A46, Bl, B6, B10, B11, B18, B21, B23, B24, B28, B35, B36, B69, B75, B81, B82, C21, 622 70847 50 190 DS ГГ: D246" BIS. Г, G35, G36, G37, G38, G39, H2, H4, H5, H7, H32, 118, J40, 153, К9, К12, L5, L14, LI5, 128, ІЗІ, 1,38, М27, М34, М35, М36, М38, М39, М40, М53, 03, P4, P6, P7, P8, P9, P18, P20, R15, S2, 58, 59, 820212, be, Dos Та ТІП 50125 140: Із; 0 19; 120; T21, V4, W1, W3, W34, W56, W61, W66, ММУ Specimen: B8455. ALAUDIDAH Mirafra javanica. Singing Bushlark. A25, C50, L5, M34, Alauda arvensis, Skylark. B49, B69, B100, C55, D26, D27, D28, F1, 11, 718, L5, M34, M52, P12, R24, ТІ, W48, W56, W62, W90. HIRUNDINIDAE Cheramoeca leucosternum. B49, D14, G9, G10. Hirundo neoxena. Welcome Swallow. Al, B19, B49, B54, B68, B69, B70, B71, B73, C35, C49, C53, C54, C55, D23, D27, D28, E2, Fl, F13, G9, G17, G29, G33, 635, Н15, H22, Il, 15, 18, 110, 112, 114, 718, 153, KA L5, L14, 125, 'M34, M35, M36, M37, M52, PII, R24, R27, V1, W36, W44, W48, W61, W90. Cecropis nigricans. Tree Martin. A25, A27, B19, B49, B54, B69, C49, C53, C54, C55, D23, D26, D27, D28, F1, H15, J18, K4, L5, M34, M35, M36, M37, P11, P19, R24, W36, W44, W45, W85, W90. White-backed Swallow. 224 Cecropis ariel. Fairy Martin. A25, B19, B49, B69, B73, C31, C35, FI3, 125, M34, M46, P11, R24, T4, W44, W61. ММУ Specimen: В11176, К4, L5, Cecropis spp. Martin, C46. MOTACILLIDAE Anthus novaeseelandiae. Richard’s Pipit. Al, B7, B13, B27, B49, B59, B69, C28, C33, C49, C53, D23, D26, D27, р28, E2, F13, G29, G33, G34, G35, Н10, Н15, H30, 118, K4, L5, L14, 1,39, M21, M34, M36, M37, M52, P12, Ql, R7, R24, R25, T4, УІ, W 36, W44, W48, W56, W62, W63, W68, И/90. ММУ Specimen: W3847. CAMPEPHAGIDAE Coracina novaehollandiae. Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike A25, B2, B12, В19, В49, B59, В62, B65, B69, B71, B73, B75, (335 (935-040 6 5 3. СӘ, р26, D27, F2, F6, G10, G29, G33, "635, H15, I1, 18, J18, 129, 153, К4, L5, L14, М8, M34, M35, M36, M42, Оз, Pil, P19, Q1, R7, R24, T4, T24, W36, W44, W62, W68, W90. Coracina papuensis. White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike. A25, B49, H15, L5, M23, M34, P19, T24, W35, W44, W49. Covacina tenuirostris, Cicadabird. C11, H20, J53, L5,'M34. Lalage sueurii. White-winged Triller. А25, B19, B49, F3, G3, G20, Н15, J3, J18, L5, M34, M35, P14, R24, T23. MUSCICAPIDAE Zoothera dauma. А13, А14, A17, A25, A27, A46, B49, B54, C35, С55, D24, 025, D26, F6, БІЗ, G35, H15, 143, 153, р 114, M34, M36, M37, R24, W44, W45, ММУ Specimens: В5441-42, Turdus merula. Blackbird, Al, A25, 446, B10, B44, B49, B68, B69, B71, B73, C35, C43, C49, C52, C54, D24, D26, D27, D28, JUS HIST ТЕ 1912704, 353: Его БАЛ Wise M35, M36, M37, M44, M52, P11, P13, P14, R24, ТІ, W36, W48, W62, W90. Turdus philomelos. Song Thrush. B100, 11, L5, M12, M34. Petroica rosea. Rose Robin. A25, A27, A46, B11, B24, C34, C49, D24, D25, F6, J18, J51, 153, L5, M34, M36, V4, W5, W12, W56. NMY Specimens: B5391-94, Petroica rodinogaster. Pink Robin. В49, F13, G35, 118, 135, L5, M34, M36, M37, 01, R24, W36, W45, W62. ММУ Specimens: В5385-89, Petroica phoenicea. Flame Robin. A15, A46, B31, B32, B34, B49, B55, B69, B71, B73, B86, B87, C3, C29, C35, C36, C49, C53, D1, D24, D26, D27, D28, F2, F12, F13, G33, G34, G35, HIS, H30, 77, 126, 135, J52, 753, K4, K8, L5, L14, L19, L24, L27, L29, L31, L39, M21, M34, M36, M37, N2, P11, Q1, R24, T12, T14, W36, №44, W45, W61, W71, W85, W90. White’s Thrush. I. MANSERGH, A. R. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and K. A. MENKHORST ММУ Specimens: B5383-84. Petroica multicolor. Scarlet Robin. A25, A46, B4, B30, B34, B36, B49, В69, B75, C35, C49, C53, C54, D4, D24, D28, F2, F6, F13, G35, H10, Н15, ІІ, J7, J18, 126, 131, 153, K4, L5, 114, L19, 127, M34, M36, M37, РІ, P11, Q1, R24, T4, Т14, T23, W36, W44, W45, W61, W71, W80, W85, w90. ММУ Specimens: B5378, В10561. Petroica goodenovii. Red-capped Robin. A27, C41, G29, H19, V10. Melanodryas cucullata. Hooded Robin. B49, B55, C35, C53, C55, Н15, L5, M34, 17, РІП, R24, W35, W 36, W44, W62, W90. Eopsaltria australis. Eastern Yellow Robin. A13, 446, ВІ, B4, B5, B11, B14, B19, B24, B26, B30, B36, B49, B65, B69, B71, B73, C27, C29, C34, C35, C53, C55, D24, D26; D27, D28, F2, F6, F13, GTS; 27,7033; Сіз, Hib. Н.Л, ТУ, Лао se 72465 132, 135, 142, 143, J44, 145, 149, 153, 755, K4, LI, 1,5, 112, 1.14, 120, L27, L42, M34, M36, M37, M51, РІ, P11, P20, Q2, R24, Т4, T6, Т14, T21, V1, №15, W34, W36, W44, W45, W48, W62, W68, W71, W80, W85, W90. NMV Specimens: B5362, B5373, B12260, W8385. Microeca leucophaea. Jacky Winter. A25, B10, B19, B26, B34, B35, B44, B49, B69, B73, C35, C49, C53, D27, G4, HIS, I1, 17, J18, 131, 142, 153, K4, L5, L19, M34, M35, 'M36, M37, P11, P19, R24, W36, W48, W61, W85, W90. ММУ Specimen: W8930. Falcunculus frontatus. Crested Shrike-tit. A46, Bl4, B49, B69, D24, D26, G20, G35, J18, J49, J50, 153, 154, J55, K9, L5, 114, M34, M35, M36, P11, R24, W36, W73. Pachycephala olivacea. Olive Whistler. 446, B68, C34, C52, D13, D24, F6, G35, G36, H20, J18, J43, J49, J52, 153, J55, L6, M34, M36, УУ18, W29, W 36, W62. ММУ Specimens: B2417, В10695. орада inornata. Gilberts Whistler. Pachycephala pectoralis. Golden Whistler. A46, ВІ, ВТ, В11, B12, B14, B19, B26, B30, B49, B69, B71, B73, B79, C27, C29, C34, C35, C49, C53, D24, D26, D27, D26, F2, F6, F13, G6, G33, (135, AIS, 112, T18; 3345 7355 142; 1523 155, КӘРІ L12, 114, 119, 122, M34, M36, M51, O3, P11, Q2, R15, R24, S9, T4, T11, T21, V1, W27, W36, W44, W62, W71, W85, W90. ММУ Specimens: B5364-71. Pachycephala vufiventris. Rufous Whistler. А14, B15, B19, B30, B49, B68, B69, B73, B79, C45, F6, F13, G29, G35, H3, HIS, I1, 17, 112, 118, 742, 152, J53, L5, L14, L20, M34, M35, M36, M32, PIT Q3, R15, R24, S4, VI, W27, W44, W48, W62, W71, №85. Colluricincla harmonica. (геу Shrike-thrush. A46, B2, B4, В10, В15, B19, B26, B31, B36, B49, B66, B68, B69, B71, B73, B75, B87, C16, C35, C49, C53, C54, C55, D2, 05, D20, 023, D26, D27, D28, Fl, F6, БІЗ, СІ, G2, G15, G29, G33, (535, H12, H15, H30, 18, 112, J18, J24, 129, 131, 132, 142, 743, 153, K4, L5, L14, L31, M3, M34, M35, M36, M37, M42, N2, ОЗ, РІ, P11, P19, Q2, R24, R28, S9, V1, W36, W44, W45, W48, W62, W85, W90. ММУ Specimens: B5348-50, В9766, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA Monarcha melanopsis. Black-faced Monarch. PT C14, C28, 118, L22, M34, T21, V4, WS, W12, NMV Specimen: R9257. Myiagra rubecula. Leaden Flycatcher. B33, B49, B71, C9, G6, G29, H15, J18, L5, M34, Pil, W61. Myiagra cyanoleuca. Satin Flycatcher. A27, B49, B61, D25, G6, G35, H20, J18, J29, J53, L5, L14, L22, M34, M36, Q1, W13, W44, W56, W61. NMV Specimen: B11315. uM alecto. Shining Flycatcher. Myiagra inquieta. Restless Flycatcher. А25, B22, B49, C16, C35, F6, 11, J18, L5, 114, M34, M35, M36, R8, W90. Rhipiduxa rufifrons. Rufous Fantail. A13, A25, A27, B19, B20, B32, B39, B49, B60, B69, B70, B71, B73, C28, C34, C35, C51, F6, РІЗ, G6, G34, G35, H15, J8, 718, J42, 150, J53, J55, L5, 114, L20, L22, L23, M34, M35, M36, M39, P11, R24, T4, T21, W1, W5, W25, W56, W61, W80. NMV Specimens: B5399-400, W1162. Rhipidura fuliginosa. Grey Fantail, A13, А15, A25, А46, Вб, BI1, B12, B13, B14, B15, B19, B24, B26, B31, B34, B44, B49, B68, B69, B70, B71, B73, B87, C27, C29, C34, C35, C43, C45, C49, C53, C55, 024, D26, D27, D28, ЕІ, F6, БІЗ, G29, G35, Н15, ІІ, 17, 18, 112, J18, 124, J28, 129, J35, 742, 153, K4, L5, 114, L19, L42, M3, M8, M34, M35, M36, M37, M42, M46, М52, Pil, R7, R24, S9, T4, V1, W34, W36, W44, W45, W48, W61, W71, WS80, W85, W90. NMV Specimens: WS8361, W8363. Rhipidura leucophrys. Willie Wagtail. Al, A49, B19, B26, B44, B49, B59, B62, B65, B68, B69, B70, B71, B73, C16, C31, C35, C49, C53, C54, C59, D23, D26, D27, D28, E2, F6, F13, G29, G33, H15, 11, 18, J14, 118, 153, К4, L5, 114, M8, M34, M35, M36, M52, P11, P13, P14, P19, R7, R24, R27, 810, T4, W20, W27, W36, W44, W45, W48, W61, W68, W71, W85, W90. NMV Specimens: B10556, B10696. da spp. Fantail. R1985, В5397-98, В10550-51, ORTHONYCHIDAE Psophodes olivaceus. Eastern Whipbird. AS, А14, A25, A35, A46, A48, B2, B11, B23, B26, B41, B49, B69, B71, B73, C23, C35, C49, C53, 05, D20, D24, D26, D27, D28, E2, F6, F13, Gl, G9, G33, G36, H2, Н15, H20, H30, 19, 112, J18, J24, 731, 132, J35, 153, КІ, K9, £5, L11, L14, L15, 1.26, 141, M3, M34, M36, M37, M39, М1, Р11, Q2, R24, S9, T2, T6, W36, W56, W62, W71, W85. ММУ Specimens: R9589, B5353-58, B9765. Cinclosoma punctatum. | Spotted Quail-thrush. A27, B5, B22, B39, B49, C35, D24, F2, F13, G35, Н15, Н20, 17, 118, 153, L5, L14, L25, M34, M36, Q3, R24, W62. ММУ Specimens: B5360-61, B11009. TIMALIIDAE Pomatostomus superciliosus. G10. White-browed Babbler. 225 SYLVIIDAE Acrocephalus stentoreus. Clamorous Reed-Warbler. B30, B49, B69, B73, E2, G33, 19, JI8, K4, K8, L5, М 120, M3, M34, 'M46, M52, Р11, R24, W56, 62, Megalurus gramineus. Little Grassbird. B49, B69, D28, 118, M34, M52, Р11, W35, W48, W56, W62. Cisticola exilis. Golden-headed Cisticola. B73, D27, D28, F7, G30, 138, L5, L20, M34, M37, M42, P11, R24, R25, W48, W62. Cinclorhamphus mathewsi. Rufous Songlark. A25, B49, B100, D25, H15, J18, L5, M34, M46, P13, R24. Cinclorhamphus cruralis. B49, B69, J18, M34, R24. Cinclorhamphus spp. Songlark. M5. Brown Songlark. MALURIDAE Malurus cyaneus. Superb Fairy-wren. A14, 446, A50, B11, B12, B13, B19, B22, B49, B65, B69, B70, B71, C26, C29, C34, C35, C45, C49, C53, C54, C55, D4, D23, D24, D26; D27, D28, E2, FI, F6, F13, G14, G15, С16, G29, 633, 635, H15, H30, I1, 16, 17, 18, 19, 112, 114, J18, J24, 126, 131, 132, 135, J42, 143, 144, 745, 749, 153, 755, К4, 15, 1,14, 123, L27, 1.31, 142, М5, M34, M36, M37, M51, М52, РІ, Рз, P11, РІ, R6, R7, R16, R24, R27, S9, T4, V1, W30, W34, W36, W44, W48, W49, W62, W85, W90. ММУ Specimens: B10870-71. Stipiturus malachurus. Southern Emu-wren. A27, В11, B69, C30, D25, D26, D27, 118, M34, W46. NMV Specimens: B7117, W6367. ACANTHIZIDAE Dasyornis brachypterus. C18, C23. Pycnoptilus floccosus. _ Pilotbird. A15, A46, B38, D24, G35, L5, L26, M34, M35. ММУ Specimen: В5440, Sericornis magnirostris. Large-billed Scrubwren. A25, A46, C7, D24, G20, G21, G35, 118, L5, M34, M35, M36, W12, W25, W29. ММУ Specimen: В5446, Sericornis frontalis. White-browed Scrubwren. А15, 446, B2, B4, B26, B49, B69, B71, C4, C35, C49, C55, D23, D24, D26, D27, D28, Fl, F6, G9, G15, G29, G35, G36, H15, H30, 17, 18, J12, J18, 324, 132, J35, J42, 143, 144, 145, J49, 153, 755, КА, L5, 114, І22, 1,42, M34, M35, M36, M37, M51, P11, P19, Q1, R24, R25, W36, W44, W48, W52, W62, W85, W90. NMV Specimens: B5445, B5447, B12333. Sericornis pyrrhopygius. Chestnut-rumped Hylacola. A25, A27, B69, F6, G36, J18, L5, M34, M35, R24, W35, W36, W71. Sericornis fuliginosus. Calamanthus. B49, C49, C54, D25, H15, J18, K4, M34, PII. Sericornis sagittatus. Speckled Warbler. B49, L5, M34, P11, R24, W35, W62. Sericornis spp. Scrubwren C45, H32, J7, J8, M4, T6. Smicrornis brevirostris. Weebill. L5, L26, M34, M36, W56, W62. Eastern Bristlebird. 226 I. MANSERGH, A. R. McEVEY, C. A. BELCHER and K. A. MENKHORST Gerygone mouki. Brown Gerygone. BS5, 118, M34, T4, W5, W6, №25, W57. Gerygone olivacea. White-throated Gerygone. B49, C33, H15, 120, 118, M34, P11. Acanthiza pusilla. Brown Thornbill, A15, 446, B24, B49, B69, B71, M36, M37, M46, M51, P11, P19, R24, R26, V1, wae W34, W36, W44 W45, W48, W62, W71, W85, w90. ММУ Specimens: B5457-58, B10562, W8918, Acanthiza reguloides, Buff-rumped Thornbill. A25, A35, A46, B49, C8, D24, L19, M34, M36, P11, R24, W36, W62. ММУ Specimens: В5459-61, B10563. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa. Yellow-rumped Thornbill. Al, A25, B4, BIO, B31, B44, B49, В65, BT, Вт» B25, СБ, ($35. G49 C53 655, DIS D27 D28, ЕІ, БІЗ, G28, G35, HI5, H36, 18, 19, 118, 131% 435. 153: ҚА ns, 127) МЕ, M34, 'M35, M36, M42, M52, P11, P19, R24, R25, R26, T4, W36, W62, W71, W90. Acanthiza nana. Yellow Thornbill. B49, B69, B71, B73, C5, C35, C49, C53, C55, F13, G29, 118, J42, L5, M34, PII, R24, W34, W36, W44, W48, W62, W90. Acanthiza lineata. Striated Thornbill. Al4, A46, B19, B27, B44, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, B75, C8, C35, C49, C53, C54, C55, D24, D26, D27, D28, F6, G34, G35, Н15, 112, 118, J35, 142, 153, 1,5, 126, M34, M36, M37, N2, P11, Q2, R24, W36, W44, W62, W85, W90. NMV Specimen: W8586. Acanthiza spp. Thornbill. B2, B15, G4. NEOSITTIDAE Daphoenositta chrysoptera. Varied Sittella. A25, B49, B69, B73, C35, D26, G36, J18, J35, J53, LI, L5, M9, M34, M35, M36, P11, R24, T14, W36, W62, W71, W90. CLIMACTERIDAE Climacteris leucophaea. 425, A46, B12, B19, B24, B26, B3l, White-throated Treecreeper. ЕТ, F6, G1, G29, (535, G36, Н15, W85, W90. NMV Specimens: W5909, W8367, 2952. Climacteris erythrops. Red-browed Treecreeper. A25, А46, D24, D26, 118, L5, M34, M35, W73. ММУ Specimens: В5405-07. Climacteris picumnus. Brown Treecreeper. B5408-09, В5412-14, A25, B49, B68, C52, F13, K4, L5, M34, P11, R24, T4, V1, W7, W9, W36, W62, W90. Climacteris spp. Ттеесгеерег. G4, K1, M43, P1, W34. MELIPHAGIDAE Anthochaera carunculata. Red Wattlebird. A25, A46, B12, B13, B15, B24, B26, B49, B50, B53, BS Бла S С31, C34, C49, C53, C55, D24, D26, D27, р28, ЁЛ (тіз; 60367029. 3057 ИЛ ТӨ а ЛТД 2A 132, J35, 742, K9, L5, 114, 126, 142, M34, M35, G29, H15, J18, L5, B69, B70, B49, B54, B69, C27, C35, C49, C53, C55, D24, D26, D27, D28, J7, 112, J18, 129, J42, 153, L5, L14, L20, M34, M35, M36, M37, М2, O3, P11, R24, S9, T4, W36, W44, W48, W62, W71, B9764, B54, B55, B62, B69, B70, B71, B73, B74, B75, B100, C35, C46, C49, C53, C54, C55, D21, D24, D27, D28, F2, F13, G4, G11, 635, H15, H30, 11, 18, J12, 718, 129. J3],- 1332 Жас 15; 1714, E34; 2 E397 ИЗ? M34, M36, M37, М52, ОЗ, Р12, Р19, 01, R7, R24, W31, W36, W44, W45, W48, W62, W73, W85. ММУ Specimens: B5985, B11007-08. Anthochaera chrysoptera. Little Wattlebird. B26, B27, B30, B49, B66, B70, B71, B100, C49, C54, C55, Gil, Н/5, 18; 112: 118, К, М34, P12, Q2; R19, V1, W44, W45, W71. Anthochaera spp. Wattlebird. B22, B26; B27, B31, В87, БІ. E2; G33; 76, 410; M7, NI. Acanthagenys rufogularis. Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater. B91, M34 Philemon corniculatus. Noisy Friarbird. A25, B42, B49, B100, C35, F13, G32, H15, H20, Н40, J9, J18, L5, 114, M34, M35, ОЗ, R24, V2, W44, W56, W71. ММУ Specimens: В6517-18, W3437. Philemon citreogularis. Little Friarbird. А25, B49, H15, H20, L5, M34, W44. Philemon spp. Friarbird. В50, Xanthomyza phrygia. Regent Honeyeater. A25, A27, B49, B69, B70, C35, G11, H15, L5, M34, 153, R24, W36, W62. Manorina melanophrys. Bell Miner. AS, A23, A24, A50, A51, B4, B10, B19, B26, B69, B71, B73, C35, C46, C48, C52, C53, D2, D5, D26, D27, G33, G37, G38, Н30, 112, J18, J35, ҚА, L5, L8, L11, M34, N/, P12, PI8, Q2, S4, T4, T20, V4, W36, W71, W85, W90. ММУ Specimens: В5431-32, W9706, Manorina melanocephala. Noisy Miner. Al, A25, B49, B74, C19, C33, C49, C53, C54, C55, D23, D26, D27, D28, ЕІ, G4, G29, HI5, 11, J18, K4, 11, L5, 112, L14, M24, M34, M37, P12, P13, КІ, R24, R25, R26, Т4, Т20, W2, W36, №48, W62, И/68, W85, W90. Meliphaga lewinii, Lewin's Honeyeater. C27, C28, C29, C34, C35, C43, C45, J12, J18, J19, J24, 132, 146, 749, 150, 153, J55, L22, L26, M34, M36, R15, W16, W56, W73. Lichenostomus chrysops. Yellow-faced Honeyeater. A46, B11, B19, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C34, C43, C45, C49, C55, D24. D26, D27, D28, G9, G11, G35, Н15, 17, 18, 112, 118, 124, J35, 742, J45, 753, К4, L5, L14, 116, 127, L42, M34, M35, M36, M37, PI2, 01, T4, T23, W20, W32, W36, W44, W62, W68, W71, W72, W85, W86, W90. NMV Specimen: B5825. Lichenostomus virescens. B49, H15, M19, R24. Lichenostomus leucotis. ‘White-eared Honeyeater. A17, А46, ВІЗ, B15, B20, B26, B49, B53, B69, B73, C27, C49, C55, D24, D26, D27, D28, F6, БІЗ, G11, G34, G35, H15, H30, 47; Уа. SIS. 729, 735, 142, J43, 153, L5, L14, L22, L31, M34, M35, M36, M37, M43, P19, R24, Ті2, Vi, W20, И/36, W44. ММУ Specimens: В5422- 24, В10548 -49, Lichenostomus melanops. Yellow-tufted Honeyeater. 425, A27, А46, B29, B31, B61, B69, C30, C37, C47, C52, C53, D9, D24, G6, 316, J17, JI8, J35, J43, 748, J49, 153, 755, L5, L41, M10, ‘M34, M36, M37, W8348-50, W8787, Singing Honeyeater. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIRDS s P12, R24, W11, W36, W56, W71, W85, И/87, ММУ Specimens: B6280, W8613. Lichenostomus fuscus. Fuscous Honeyeater. L5, M34, M36, R24. Lichenostomus penicillatus. White-plumed Honeyeater. B68, B69, B71, В73, D26, D27, D28, БІЗ, СІП, G33, K4, L5, L14, M34, М52, R24, W2, W56. Melithreptus gularis. Black-chinned Honeyeater. C53, W9. Melitreptus brevirostris. Brown-headed Honeyeater. A25, B49, B69, B71, D26, D27, 17, 118, J35, J46, 153, L5, L22, L27, L42, M34, M35, M36, P11, P19, R24, T14, W36, W48, W62, W90. Melithreptus lunatus. White-naped Honeyeater. A46, B12, B19, B26, B35, B49, B70, B71, B73, B75 C34, C53, C55, D24, D26, D27, G33, G35, HI5, J9, J18, J35, J37, 143, 146, 749, 153, J55, L5, L14, L27, M34, M35, 'M36, M37, P11, Q2, R24, TII, W9, W36, W62, W85, W86, W90. ММУ Specimens: B5435, B5439, В10872, В12335, W8357, W8360. Grantiella picta. Painted Honeyeater. Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera. Crescent Honeyeater. A15, A46, B49, B73, C35, D10, D24, G11, G34, G35, HI5, H20, J35, 143, 744, J45, J46, J49, 153, J55, L4, L5, L14, L22, L27, M34, M35, M36, M37, P12, R24, T21, V4, W20, W36, W44, W56, W62, W90. ММУ Specimen: B5434. Phylidonyvis novaehollandiae. New Holland Honeyeater. A25, B19, B26, В27, B30, B49, В69, В70, B71, B73, (534564207053. 16542 635: D26. 1027, B2, PIs GT, G29, G33, HÍ5, J8, 112, 124, J35, J42, 144, 145, 146, J49, 153, J55, K9, L5, 1.27, L42, M33, M34, M35, M37, M51, P12, P19, R24, W20, W44, W62, И/85, W90. ММУ Specimens: W8395-96, W9931. Phylidonyris nigra. White-cheeked Honeyeater. Phylidonyris melanops. Tawny-crowned Honeyeater. A27, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, D25, H15, J18, M34. Conopophila rufogularis. C35. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris. Eastern Spinebill. 446, B7, B11, ВІЗ, B19, B26, B27, B44, B49, B68, B69, B70, B71, B73, B74, C43, C45, C49, C53, C55, D24, D26, D27, F2, F6, F13, G11, G33, G35, HIS, П, 17, 18, 19, 112, J18, J35, 142, J44, 145, 146, 149, 753, 155, K4, K9, L5, 114, 123, 142, М8, M19, M34, M36, M37, P12, P19, R24, S9, T4, W20, W36, W44, W62, W68, И/85, W90. ММУ Specimens: B5433, W8397. Myzomela sanguinolenta, Scarlet Honeyeater. B16, B49, B69, B96, B97, C14, G32, J23, M34, ТА. Rufous-throated Honeyeater. EPHTHIANURIDAE Ephthianura albifrons, White-fronted Chat. B7, B13, B17, B19, B27, B34, B44, B49, B69, B71, B75, B78, C31, C33, C35, C49, C53, C54, C55, E2, H15, J8, 112, J18, 126, K4, M5, M34, M32, P11, R24, T4, W44, W62. OF GIPPSLAND LAKES AREA 227 DICAEIDAE Dicaeum hirundinaceum. | Mistletoebird, A25, A46, B24, B49, B69, C35, C43, C49, D24, D26, DO ро Ны 19-115 05s, KT, Kd. LL L5; ТАИФ; M34, M35, M36, P11, P19, R24, T14, W44, W62, W71, W90. ММУ Specimen: B940., PARDALOTIDAE Pardalotus punctatus. Spotted Pardalote. A46, B44, B49, B69, C44, C55, D24, D26, D27, F6, БІЗ, G29, 635, Н15, J18, 149, J50, 153, 155, К9, L5, 114, M34, M35, M36, M37, Р11, R24, Т4, V4, W36, W44, W62, W90. ММУ Specimens: В5429, В9767, W6683. Pardalotus xanthopygus. Yellow-rumped Pardalote. B62, H15. Pardalotus striatus. Striated Pardalote. A25, A46, B15, B44, B49, B62, B69, C29, C35, C49, C53, C55, D24, D26, D27, D28, Fl, G35, H15, H24, J18, J29, J53, K4, К9, L5, 114, 119, 125, M24, M34, M35, M36, M37, P11, R24, R27, V4, W36, W44, W48, W62, W82, И/85, W90. Pardalotus spp. | Pardalote. B29, B35, B50, D4, J28, R15, S9. ZOSTEROPIDAE Zosterops lateralis. Silvereye. Al, A14, A25, 446, B2, B11, B19, B27, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, B75, C33, C34, C35, D24, D26, D27, BP EIS? бдр Алл РОНА ИША РСТ Дир ЕЛЕР 724, 129, 4321-742; 749, 153, 153, КІ, £5; L20; E22, 123, M19, M34, M35, M36, M37, M51, M52, P11, P13, R24, S9, T4, W44, W45, W48, W62, W71. NMV Specimen: B4314. FRINGILLIDAE Carduelis carduelis. European Goldfinch, Al, A25, B34, B44, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C27, (555! 10497 Coa СО Gos. D253, 1020: БОЛ 28; Е2, F13, G9, G29, H35, ІІ, 19, J/8, J53, К4, L5, L14, L31, M5, M26, M34, M35, M36, M37, M46, 'M51, M52, P12, P14, ТІ, W36, W44, W45, W48, W62, W85, W90. NMV Specimen: W8929. Cecduelis chloris. European Greenfinch. A25, B49, B69, B100, 118, L5, M34, W44, WAS, W62. PASSERIDAE Passer domesticus. House Sparrow, Al, A25, A46, B44, B49, B69, B70, B71, B73, C35, D24, 026, D27, D28, F6, G28, H27, I1, 19, 118, 153, K4, L5, M5, M34, M36, M37, M46, M52, P12, R7, R24, T1, W36, W62, W85, W90. Passer montanus. Tree Sparrow. B69, B71, L5, M34, M52, P12, SI, W62. Passer spp. Sparrow. F13, Н41, L14. PLOCEIDAE Emblema temporalis. Red-browed Firetail. A25, A46, B19, B26, B30, B34, B49, B69, B70, B71, 228 B73, В75, B100, C34, C35, C48, C49, C53, D24, D26, D27, D28, Fl, F13, G29, H15, H30, 11, J7, J9, J12, J18, J24, 132, 135, J42, J44, 145, 149, TSA J55, K9, L5, L14, L22, L31, M34, M36, M37, M51, РЗ, P12, P19, P20, R24, T4, W36, W44, W48, W62, W68, W71, W85, И/90. NMV Specimens: B10865-66, B12242, B12336, B6578-82, 838A, Emblema bella. Beautiful Firetail. A46, B69, B71, B73, D24, БІЗ, G9, 118, K5, Ж L23, L31, L42, M34, M37, P12, W81. Emblema guttata. Diamond Firetail. A25, B49, B69, B70, B80, B100, C35, H15, 118, 7493 L5, L26, M34, P12, P13, R24, T4, V4, W35, W56, W62, W90. STURNIDAE Sturnus vulgaris. Common Starling. Al, A25, A46, B44, B49, B69, B70, B71, BAA GE Sy C49, C53, C54, C55, D24, D26, D27. D28, ЕІ, F6, 1132029 SHIS НӘ2 "HAT. 11.29: J18, J27, 153, K4, L5, L14, L31, M5, M34, M35, M36, M37, M46, M52, PI2, R7, R24, TI, W36, W44, W48, W62, W85, W90., Acridotheres tristis. Common Mynah. Al, 425, B69, C26, D26, D27, F1, H41, M34, M37, P12, P13, W62. ORIOLIDAE Oriolus sagittatus. Olive-backed Oriole. A25, B49, B52, B69, B71, F2, F13, G10, G29, G33, Geo, ЖАЛЫ Но: 74: Fie, 183. 57 125, M34, M36, R24, R25, R27, T4, V1, V2, W56, W62, W82, W835. DICRURIDAE Dicrurus hottentottus. Spangled Drongo. B49, B51, B58, СІ, ЕЗ, H23, M7, W19, W63. NMV Specimen: B3220, PARADISAEIDAE Ptilonorhynchus violaceus. Satin Bowerbird. A16, A25, B4, B9, B29, B32, B39, B61, B69, C34, C46, C52, D5, F2, F4, F5, БІЗ, G7, G19, G23, G24, G36. G37, G38, H9, J53, L5, L7, L8, M24, M34, M35, M36, M39, O2, O3, P13, P18, R24, R27, Т16, W15, W17, W18, W21, W24, W29, W54, W62, W63, W71, W81. NMV Specimens: B2416, W8337. CORCORACIDAE Corcorax melanorhamphos. White-winged Chough. A46, B4, B68, B69, B71, C35, C53, D24, F13, G29, G35, 19, J18, 153, L5, 1,14, L25, M1, M34, M36, P12, R24, T4, T14, T15, W27, W36, W54, W62, үү90. ММУ Ѕресітеп: В5485. GRALLINIDAE Grallina cyanoleuca. Australian Magpie-lark. Al, B49, B50, B53, B59, B62, B69, B70, B71, B73, В74, В76, В100, C16, C35, C49, C53, C54, C55, D2, D23, D26, D27, D28, Fl, F13, G29, G33, G35, HI5, Н41, ТІ, J8, 19, 110, 111, 118, K4, L5, 125, I. MANSERGH, А. К. McEVEY, С, А, BELCHER and К, A. MENKHORST M5, M8, M34, M35, M36, M37, M46, М52, P11, P19, R24, R27, 516, T4, W16, W36, W44, W48, W62, W68, W85, W90, ARTAMIDAE Artamus personatus. Masked Woodswallow. B49, B70, F13, H15, L5, M34. Artamus superciliosus. White-browed Woodswallow. B49, B59, B68, B69, B70, B75, C33, C35, H15, M34, R24, Artamus cyanopterus. Dusky Woodswallow. A25, B49, B55, B69, B70, B75, C35, C49, D2, D20, D27, P6, БІЗ, G35, H15, 718, 753, КА Ез, ТЛА; M34, M36, PII, R24, T4, W36, W44, W56, W62, W71, W85, W90. ММУ Specimens: B11323, B11328, W8590. Artamus spp. Woodswallow. В100 CRACTICIDAE Cracticus torquatus. Grey Butcherbird. ВІЗ, B15, B35, B44, B49, B69, B71, C27, C46, C49, C54, El, Е2, F6, БІЗ, G33, Н15, H30, Л, 18, 118, J24, 131, 132, 135, 149, 153, 755, K4, L5, M34, ОЗ, P12, R24, R27, W20, W36, W44. Gymnorhina tibicen. Australian Magpie. Al, A25, 442, А46, B49, B50, B53, B62, B68, B69, B70, B71, B73, B74, B76, B83, B99, C6, C16, C26, C27, C35, C43, C48, C49, C53, C54, C55, D2, D11, D23, D24, D26, D27, D28, E2, Fl, F6, F13, G29, G33, 635, G36, Н15, ПІ, J1, 17, 78, 112, J18, J24, 135, 153, КІ, К4, L5, L8, 111, 114, ЕЗІ, L39, М8, M34, M35, M36, M37, M46, М52, P12, РІЗ, P19, R1, R2, R24, R26, R27, T4, T23, W20, W36, W44, W48, W62, W68, W81, W85, W86, W90. ММУ Specimens: W8913, W8915. Strepera graculina. Pied Currawong. A35, A46, B49, B68, C35, C49, C53, C54, C55, D24, F2, F6, F13, G13, G35, Н15, J7, 118, 129, J35, 137, J43, J53, K8, L5, L14, M34, M36, P12, P13, R24, R27, W36, W62, W81, W82, W85, И/88. ММУ Specimens: B5471-72, B10691, W8343-45. Strepera versicolor. Grey Currawong. A46, A50, В15, В49, B68, B69, B70, B71, C35, C54, C55, D24, D27, F2, F13, G33, G34, 635, 18, J18, 119, 129, 153, L5, L6, L11, L14, L31, M34, M35, M36, Р12, P19, R2, R15, R24, T12, Т14, Т20, W36, W44, W62. ММУ Specimen: W8347. Strepera spp. Currawong. A48, B2, B11, B50, C16, I1, J32, CORVIDAE Corvus coronoides. Australian Raven. A46, B49, B54, B69, D24, Н15, 18, K4, L5, M34, M36, R20, R21, R24, V4, W44. Corvus mellori. Little Raven. L5, M34, R21, W54, W62. ММУ Specimens: B10350-51. Corvusspp. Raven. Al, A25, B71, B73, B86, B87, C16, C35, C43, C49, C53, C54, C55, D23, D26, D27, D28, E2, Fl, F6, G29, G35, ПІ, 17, J18, 129, 153, КІ, K9, L14, M3, М8, M35, M37, M46, M52, Р12, W36, W48, W62, И/85, W90. mu