MEMOIRS or me
QUEENSLAND
MUSEUM #

VOL. I.

BRISBANE:
ISSUED 27th NOVEMBER, 1912.

EDITED BY THE DIRECTOR,
R. HAMLYN-HARRIS, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.R.M.S., F.Z.S., &c.

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PLATE l.

BOWER OR THEATREION OF Prionodura newtoniana De Vis.
The Goldon Bower Bird.
From the Atherton Scrub, North Queensland.
Recently mounted in the Bird Gallery.

Face page la.

CONTENTS.

The Golden Bower Bird.—Plates 1 and la nay
Papuan Mummification, as practised in the Torres Strait, kc. - R. Hamlyn- Harris, D.Sc., &e. -
Mummification and other Similar Customs, «c. - - - R. Hamlyn-Harris, D.Sc., &e. - 7
Herpetological Notes - - - - - - - H. A. Longman - - - 23
On Some Queensland Fishes - - - - - - - J. Douglas Ogilby - - - 26
Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea, i - - - - A. A. Girault - - - - 66
Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea, ii - - - - A. A. Girault - - - - UG
Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea, iii - - - - A. A. Girault - - - - 176
Araneidz from the Blackall Ranges - - - - - W.J. Rainbow, F.E.S. - - 190
Some Araneidæ from the Roper River - - - - - W.J. Rainbow, F.E.S. - - 2038
Note on Dolomedes trux r - S = - n W. J. Rainbow, F.E.S. - - 210
New Species of Cestodes from Australian Birds - - - T. Harvey Johnston, D.Sec.,&e. 21]
Note on Blanchardia maculata - - - - - - J. Douglas Ogilby - - - 216
LIST OF PLATES.
Face Page
Frontispiece - - - The Queensland Museum.
Plate 1. - - - Bower of the Golden Bower Bird.
dy la. - - - Facsimile of One of a Series of Labels.
At 2 - - - Papuan Mummies from Stephens Island (Uga) - - - - 1
gy 3 - - - Mummy on the “ Gallows” - - - - - - - 4
4% 4 ~ - - Mummy of an Adult from Trinity Bay, N.Q. - - - + 8
Le 5 - - - Mummy of an Adult from Johnstone River, N.Q. - - - 10
M 6 - - - Mummy of a Child, from Cairns, N.Q. - - - - - - 12
y 7 - - - Skull of an Infant, from Embley River, N.Q. - - - - l4
sa 8 - - Skeleton wrapped in Banana Leaves, from Goondi, N.Q. - - 16
j 9 - - - Skeleton of a Child in Bark Cylinder, from Maranoa River, Q. - 18
>» 10 - - - Skeleton Remains in Bark Cylinder, Q. - - - - - 20
sy T - - - A Bark Coftin, from Laura River, Q. - - ž l, $ : 29
QUEENSLAND FISHES.
> 12 - - - Atherina pinguis, Atherina lacunosa - - - - - 38
Atherina honorie, n.s,
at 13 - - - Siganus consobrinus, 1.8. - - - - - - - , 54
m 14 - P - Spheroides tuberculiferus, n.s. - " “ : = " š - 62
Antennarius stigmaticus, N.S,
AUSTRALIAN CESTODES,
Me 15 - - - Dilepis bancrofti, n.s. tm - - - - - - 215
Choanotænia zoniferæ, n.s.
53 16 - - - Choanotenia taylori, n.s. - - - - - - - - 215

Zosteropeola clelandi, n.s.

Editor :-—-R. HAMLYN-HARRIS, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.R.M.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S., &c.,
DIRECTOR.

PLATE 2. THE ABORIGINES OF THE TORRES STRAIT.

Fic, A.—FEMALE. Fic. B.—MALE.
PAPUAN MUMMIES FROM STEPHENS ISLAND.

Q. M. Specimen No, E. 12/102.
Face page 1.

PAPUAN MUMMIFICATION.

As practised in the Torres Strait Islands, and exemplified by specimens in the
Queensland Museum collections.

By R: Hamiyn-Harris, D.Sc., F.L.S., Erc. (DIRECTOR).
(Plates 2 and 3)

THERE are in the possession of the Queensland Museum two Torres Strait
mummies deputed to have been brought from Stephen Island by the late Mr.
W. F. Petterd, of Launceston, Tasmania, and donated by Sir A. H. Palmer,
K.C.M.G., then Acting Governor of Queensland. The only reference to these
two specimens seems to be in Edge-Partington and Heape’s Ethnographical
Album (+), in which their country of origin is said to be Murray Island. So
much interest has been attached to these mummies that I have been endeavouring
to ascertain something of their origin and mode of preservation. Very little
seems to be known of them except by a few persons intimately connected with
the islands, and even then it is difficult to get those who are in possession of the
facts to take the trouble to relate them for purposes of handing down to
perpetuity customs which are rapidly dying out. Sir William Flower (°),
in 1879, published an interesting account of the mode of preserving the dead
in Darnley Island, and in the same volume reproduces a photograph of a
specimen which was at that time in the possession of the Museum of the
Royal College of Surgeons, and which is again reproduced by D’Albertis (è) in
his book on New Guinea.

To Mr. J. S. Bruce, who has been for many years a resident on Murray
island, I am indebted for the information from which the following notes
have been compiled. Although the process is said to have been practised on
all the islands of the Strait, these remarks apply particularly to the customs
at one time in vogue on Murray, Stephen, and Darnley Islands.

(*) EpGE-PARTINGTON. .
Ethnographical Album of the Pacific Islands, third series, August, 1898,
page 94.
(2) WILLIAM HENRY FLOWER.
Illustrations of the Mode of Preserving the Dead in. Darnley Island, &c.
Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, London,
vol. 8, 1879, page 389.
(3) L. M. D’ALBERTIS.
New Guinea (2 vols.), London, 1880, vol. i., page 240.

2 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

DEATH WAIL.

Immediately after death and when the first death wail was finished, the
body was laid out on a mat on the ground in front of the house where the
person died. If it was a male there was no covering on the body, but females
were clothed with a grass petticoat from the waist to the knees. Soon the
relatives and other mourners began to assemble. If the death took place in
the daytime they kept up a subdued wailing and erying until sundown, when
the old men sat down in a circle round the body and began to sing the
death chant, accompanying themselves by beating on their drums. When they
were finished, the relatives and mourners, who sat in an outer circle, began
the wailing (E bazoli). The two parties kept on alternately with chant and
wail until break of day, when green cocoanuts were distributed amongst the
mourners, a sign that the wailing was finished.

TERER AND AUKEM.

About an hour after sunrise the ceremony of carrying away the spirit
of the deceased to the Island of Boigo was enacted by two men, one of whom
was dressed with a petticoat made of the young fronds of the cocoanut-palm.
A light mask covered his features, and he was supposed to belong to the spirit
world. In one hand he carried a bow and arrows; in the other a large rattle
(Goa) made of dried nut shells. He appeared in the east, and postured and
danced along the beach towards the west, accompanied by the singing and
drum-tapping of the old men. When he passed by where the body lay a great
wail was given by the mourners, as the spirit of the deceased was supposed to
be then taken away from the body. The other actor was dressed to represent an
old woman who hobbled after her son. The spirit carrier always postured towards
the west until he arrived at a convenient spot out of sight of the mourners;
then both retired into the bush, divested themselves of their trappings, and
returned to mix with the others.

BODY PLACED ON PLATFORM.

After Terer and Aukem had passed off with the spirit, the body was
removed by the relatives to a cleared space in the bush at the rear of the
residence and placed on a bamboo platform (paier) about 8 feet high. A fence
of dried cocoanut leaves was erected around it to act as a screen from observation.
A fire was made on the ground to one side of the platform and was kept alight
night and day whilst the body remained there. This fire was not for the
purpose of drying the body, but it was considered that, as people enjoyed the
convenience of a fire when alive, it was proper to give them the same comfort

PAPUAN MUMMIFICATION.—HAMLYN-HAERIS. 3

in death. Probably another use of the fire was to assist in killing the noxious
fumes from the decomposing body. There were generally six attendants
(relatives) appointed whose duties were to watch the body, keep the fires
alight, and prepare the body for mummifying. If the deceased was a male, the
attendants were all males; if a female, one-half were females.

BODY TAKEN TO THE SEA FOR PREPARATION.

A ladder was placed for the attendants to mount on to the platform to
view the body where it lay four or five days to decompose. "When it was
considered to be ready for operating on, it was placed upov the piece of an
cld canoe with a hollow on the bottom and carried down to the sea. The outer
skin (epidermis) was then scraped and peeled off, an incision was made with
a shell in the side, and all the entrails were removed, also the testicles. The eyes
were also pierced to let the liquids drip out. None of the internals were kept;
they were allowed to float away with the tide. For preservation, the tongue
was cut out by the root. An incision was also made round each wrist, and
round each finger and nail of the hands. Then the palms of the hands with
finger-nails attached were pulled off; the same was done with the soles of the
feet with toe-nails attached. These were dried and worn by the widow suspended
from her neck. After the body was thoroughly cleansed in the sea, it was
removed to the beach and placed in a sitting posture; a cut was made at the
base of the skull behind, a piece of broken arrow was inserted, and the brain
removed by screwing the arrow around. i

The body was then stretched out at full length on the beach and pieces of
dried sago-palm (which float to these islands from New Guinea) about 1 inch
in diameter were placed inside the cavity of the body in positions to support
it from contracting too much in the drying process. One long piece rested on
the pelvis and extended to-the breast-bone as a principal support; other pieces
were placed in positions where it was considered necessary. When these were
all placed, the cut in the side was sewn up with fine sennet, and the body was
smeared all over with red ochre mixed with cocoanut oil. Cuts were made on
the kneecaps and between the fingers and toes; then holes were pierced in the
cuts with an arrow so as to allow the liquids to drip from them. The body was
then laid out on a wooden or bamboo frame with two bars for the feet to rest
upon, and other bars were fastened across the frame where the body was fixed
to them with lcops of sennet at the knees, hands, and shoulders; a broad plaited
band passed round the forehead. The head was supported by a pin of wood,
which was placed under the chin and rested on the breast-bone.

4 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

BODY HUNG UP TO DRY.

This frame, with the body on it, was then taken to where the platform
had been removed, and hung up on a gallows, about 12 or 14 feet high,
with ropes. Some of the cross-bars extended to the gallows, where they
were tied to keep the body from swinging in the wind (see sketch).
There was no screen round the gallows, it being open for anyone to view, but
no one except the attendants were allowed near until the drying of the body was
completed. A bunch of bananas was hung up on each side of the body, and
renewed as they rotted off. A ladder was fixed up for the attendants to reach
up as high as the head of the body. Twice a day they squeezed and rubbed
with their hands the body downwards from the face to the feet. Two large
shells were placed on the ground to receive the juices which dripped from
the body. Plate 3.

- DECORATING THE MUMMY.

When the body was nearly but not quite dried, it was taken down from the
gallows to be decorated. Pieces of nautilus shell were placed in the eye-sockets
to represent eyes. The body was all smeared again with ochre and cocoanut-oil.
The ears where they were pierced were decorated with tufts of coloured grasses
and coloured seeds. The nose-stick (Kirkub) was placed in position. Band of
plaited sennet (Mat lager) were put round forehead and a white feather on each
side of the head to represent a head-dress for dancing (Dari). A shell dance
ornament (Eb neub) was hung in front of the penis. Pearlshell ornament,
crescent-shaped (Mai), hung from the neck and rested on breast. The ankle and
wrist ornaments (Put) used were made from the young fronds of the cocoanut
palm.

After decorating the body, it was again hung up on the gallows to complete
the drying process. When it was considered to be thoroughly dried a big feast
was held, and the widow was presented with the dried tongue, palms of the hands,
and soles of the feet, which she wore suspended from her neck along with her
other mourning trappings. The mummified body was placed inside the bee-hive
dwelling-house and fastened to the centre post. After a few years the head began
to get loose and shaky; when the relatives would decide it was time to remove it
from the house, the head was taken off, placed in a particular basket (Ka), and
presented to the widow to take care of. The mummified body was then taken to
one of the deceased’s gardens and placed on a bamboo platform and left there to
decay away.

PAPUAN MUMMIFICATION. PLATE 3.

Cs | eae

St
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N

——— ae

ASKS
Cor? aa ON *
———E z aas: 5) a <r

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ound, SS EE
UR ja ER = A T ANN ye ~

MUMMY ON THE “ GALLOWS” DURING THE PROCESS
or Destccation, Etc.
Face page 4

PAPUAN MUMMIFICATION.—HAMLYN-HARRIS. 5

FEMALE MUMMY’S DRESS.

In preparing the body of a female for mummification, females dressed the
Jower parts of the body and prepared suitable coverings for these parts. When
the body was placed on the first platform, the petticoat was removed and one
made of shredded leaves of a vine called Poar was placed in front, covering
from the waist to the knees. When the body was hung up on the frame to dry, an
apron made of shredded banana leaves was worn in front, and a small mat made
from plaited pandanus leaves worn behind. The tongue was not cut out, neither
were the palms of the hands or soles of the feet stripped off. The attendants,
both male and female, who prepared the bodies kept their heads wrapped up
with banana leaves to protect their hair from the fumes from the time they began
work until they were finished. Their food was supplied to them strung on to
arrows, so that they would not require to touch the food with their hands; they
gnawed it off the arrows, holding one in each hand. The bodies of very old
people were not mummified ; others were, if their friends felt inclined to go to the
trouble, or according to the season of the year, as many feasts were held and it
required a season of plenty to supply the food.

FINAL DISPOSITION OF THE BODY.

Some bodies were buried close to the dwelling-house, and if the head was
wanted for preservation a piece of sennet was inserted in an incision made under
the skin and passed through the nose. This noose was firmly tied, and the end of
the line was fastened to a stake driven into the ground. When the body was
considered to be ripe enough, the head was jerked off by this line, dried and
decorated, and then placed inside the house. Some bodies that were not wanted
for mummifying were taken to one of the deceased’s gardens, placed on a bamboo
platform, and left there to decay. These gardens were put out of cultivation for
a few years. Others were buried inside of dwelling-houses, and in these cases the
houses were generally deserted and allowed to fall into decay. The platform and
gallows where bodies were placed were always placed high enough to prevent
dogs from attacking the body. There was one sept of native ghouls who were
allowed to eat portions of the decomposed and dried bodies, also to drink the
juices which dripped into the shells placed underneath. They had, in addition,
the privilege of eating bananas that were hung up on each side of the body on’
the gallows.

THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM MUMMIES.

Measure 5 ft. 4 in. (male) and 5 ft. 54 in. (female) respectively, and on
the whole are in a good state of preservation. Except in one particular, the fore-
going remarks apply so closely to these specimens that further comment on my
part would be unnecessary. The bodies show clearly that no incision was made in

6 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

the sides to extract the viscera. Sir William Flower remarks that the specimen
in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons was opened on the right flank,
lengitudinally at a spot between the last rib and the crest of the ileum, and was
closed again by seven separate ligatures. I have examined our specimens with
great care and can find no such incision nor any sign of so delicate an operation
having been performed, the viscera evidently having been removed from an
opening created by the removal of the anus and its attendant parts. That this
should have been the case, in view of what Sir William Flower tells us, is the
more astonishing since customs of this kind are as a rule so deeply rooted that
natives seldom depart from them, and yet under the circumstances the method
evidently adopted in the Queensland Museum specimens would seem to be the
most practical from a utilitarian standpoint, especially in view of the fact that
a fairly large piece of wood had been inserted into the body cavity according to
custom.

There is a specimen of a similar nature in the Macleay Museum, Sydney,

but although I have seen it I regret I have not had an opportunity of
examining it.

MUMMIFICATION.—HAMLYN-HAERIS. T

MUMMIFICATION,

And other similar customs as practised by the Queensland Aborigines, and exemplified by

specimens in the Queensland Museum collections.

By R. HAmiyn-Harris, D.Sc., Etc. (DIRECTOR).
(Plates 4-11.)

THE methods practised by the aboriginal inhabitants of Queensland in the matter
of the disposal of their dead are extremely varied, gruesome, and revolting, and
only a few scientific workers have made a real study of them. A great many
disjointed accounts of interment and customs appertaining to the disposal of the
dead have from time to time been published, but it is questionable whether
reliance can be placed upon them, since the native is at all times very reticent
and regards the interference of the white races with disfavour and distrust. We
are, however, indebted to Dr. Roth (*) for a valuable contribution dealing with
Queensland customs in particular.

The Queensland Museum collections contain a fairly representative
number of specimens which lend colour and confirmation to the writings of
previous ethnologists. It is my intention strictly to avoid any vain repetition:
the illustrations will speak for themselves. The object of this short paper is
not so much to add anything new, as to place on record the various kinds of
material which have from time to time come into our possession. Experience
has taught us that with the very primitive races there is a considerable elasticity
in native methods, and although the practices in the main are the same, they
vary in detail. With wandering races such as ours, this elasticity doubtless is
due to local conditions, and to the amount and kind of material available at time
of death. One thing is strikingly noticeable, and that is the apparent callousness
of the natives as to whether they dispose, by burial or otherwise, of the whole
body or only a part of it. This is continually emphasised by various authors
although reference is not made to it in.so many words; consequently the so-called
‘‘coffins’’ contain as a rule only a small fraction of the original body, as will be
seen when considering the accompanying reproductions.

(1) Walter E. Roth, North Queensland Ethnography, Bulletin No. 9.
Records of Australian Museum Vol. 6, No. 5, 18th July, 1907.

ap

MEMOIRS OF. THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

PLATE 4.
Mummy of adult aboriginal from Trinity Bay, Queensland.
Specimen: No. Q.E. 12/109.

_ Interest in this specimen lies in the fact that although it has been prepared
according to the customary methods, the precaution seems to have been taken
of removing the kneecap of the dead man prior to burial with a view to prevent
‘‘ walking.’’ Reference is made to this specimen by Thomas (+).

C) N. W. Thomas, ‘* Natives of Australia,” London, 1906.

QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES. PLATE 4.

Mummy or AN ADULT,
Q. M. Specimen No. Q. E. 12/109. Face page

fe a]

10 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

PLATE 5,
An adult aboriginal mummy from Johnstone River, Queensland.
Specimen: No. Q.E. 11/88.
This body was that of a very small type of man. The teeth are those of

an adult and are much worn.

QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES. PLATE 5.

MUMMY OF AN ADULT.
Q. M. Specimen No. Q. E. 11/98.

Face page 10.

12 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

PLATE 6.
Mummy of an aboriginal child from Cairns, Queensland.
Specimen: No. Q.E. 11/87.

Much desiccated. Greater part of the head missing and lower jaw

toothless.

QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES, PLATE 6.

MUMMY or A CHILD.

Q. M. Specimen No. Q. E. 11/87.
Face page 12.

14 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

PLATE T.
Specimen: No. Q.E. 12/124.

Skull of infant wrapped in dilly-bag as carried about by the mother.
Embley River, Queensland.

QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES. PLATE 7.

THE SKULL OF AN INFANT.
Q. M. Specimen Ne, Q. E. 12/124.
Face page 14.

16 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

PLATE 8.
Specimen: No. Q.E. 11/65.

Skeleton (incomplete) of aboriginal youth wrapped in banana leaves and
bound round with lawyer-cane. From Goondi, Johnstone River, Queensland.

Dimensions, 25 in. x 12 in.

PLATE 8.

'e9/TT “HO “ON uoutroody “TW “O
‘'SHAVE'T VNVNVQ NI GaddVa\\ NOLATANS

‘SANIDIXVOIY ANVISNAAQIO

16.

ere
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ace pa

F

18 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

PLATE 9.

Specimen: No, Q.E. 12/84.

Skeleton of aboriginal infant enclosed in bark cylinder and filled up with
dry grass. Nearly complete. Length, 31 in. From a cave at the head of
Maranoa River, Queensland. .

PLATE 9.

'P8/11 ‘HO ‘ON uauttaedg WO
“UMANTIAY NAV V NI GASOTONG, GIIHY V a0 NOLTIATNGQ

SANIDIAOGF AUNFISNATNO

Face paze 18.

20 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

PLATE 10.
Specimen : No. Q.E. 12/185.

Remains of aboriginal, mostly small, contained in a bark cylinder, tied

tightly with native cord and cemented with native gum. Fragile. Length, 34 in.

Loc.: Queensland; exact locality unknown.

PLATE 10,

‘C8T/EL ‘H'O ‘ON uouttoodyg ‘W ‘O
‘UDGNITAD MUVG NI SNIVWAY NOLAIANS

‘SANIDIUOIF AUNFTISNAIIQO

Face page 20.

22 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Puatre 11.
Specimen: No. Q.E. 11/86.

A dilly-bag containing bones of relatives and carried by women for certain
moons and then placed by them in a hollow tree.

Loc.: Queensland. Exact locality unknown.

Specimen: No. Q.E. 11/89.
Bark coffin of the pleat type used by the natives on the Laura River for
their distinguished dead. Skeleton incomplete, head missing. Dimensions,
19 in. x 104 in. The trough is unlined, the skeleton having been covered on top
only with a thin layer of bark.
(Not illustrated.)

Specimen: No. Q.E. 12/18u.

A human skin, consecrated to the memory of a relative, in good state of
preservation.

When a man is killed, or dies, in the vigour of manhood, his nearest
relatives summon all their friends to a feast, and the body is skinned, cut up,
and devoured amidst the wailing of women and the mournful chantings of men
who detail in melancholy and monotonous strains the virtues of the deceased
and the chief occurrences of his life.

The skin is stretched upon two spears and rubbed with grease and charcoal
in order to assist its preservation. From a cave, Blackall Range, Queensland.

98/11 H'O ‘ON Uoutloadg W O 68/TL "H'O ‘ON uouttoodg W ‘O
‘SANO HLIM DV ATI "NIJO NUY

“a ‘Vv

PLATE ll.

'SANIÐIJOIF ANVISNHANO

P
Face page 22.

HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES.—LONGMAN. 23

HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES.

By H. A. LONGMAN.

Durine the last few months opportunity has been provided for a more systematic arrangement
of the reference collection of Snakes and Lizards in this Museum. Whencompleted this will give
facilities which have not previously existed for herpetological work. In this process, and in the
working up of new specimens, materia! has been afforded for the following notes.

DENISONIA FENESTRATA, De Vis.*

This is identical with Glyphodon tristis, Gunther, of which De Vis had probably no specimens
with typical markings available for comparative purposes. An examination of a series of six speci-
mens of this snake brings to light but little variation. It may be noted, however, that one example
from British New Guinea has three only of the lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields. l

DENISONIA FORRESTI, Blgr.t

From Careena Station in Western Queensland comes a snake which is of special interest,
as it is almost identical with the above species, described by Boulenger from Alexandria in the
Northern Territory. Our specimen is pale olive-brown above, and on the body the scales show
very numerous minute dots. The lower parts, including the last row of body scales on each side,
are yellowish white. A very narrow suture between the prefrontal and second labial prevents
the nasal and preeocular from being in contact, all four shields almost meeting. Scales in 19 rows.
Ventrals 164 ; anal entire ; subecaudals 33. Total length 445 mm. ; tail 35. Reg. No. J 12/110.

In other particulars our specimen agrees with Boulenger’s description. As that authority
notes, this species is allied to D. suta, Peters, and D. frontalis, Douglas Ogilby. Of the latter snake
a distinct variety, propinqua, was described by De Vis in the Annals of the Queensland Museum,
No. 6, p. 51. ;

PLATURUS COLUBRINUS, Schneid.

A young specimen, secured off the Queensland coast, has been named as this species after
a little hesitation. In some respects it suggests an intermediate form between P. colubrinus,
Schneid, and P. laticaudatus, Linn., but the variability of the lepidosis of these snakes is so
considerable that the writer does not feel justified in doing more than note its characteristics,
which are as follow :—Rostral deeper than broad ; no azygous shield either between the prefontals

* Annals of the Queensland Museum, No. 6, p. 50. This publication was issued in September, 1905, but no date was attached.
t Ann. and Mag. N.H. 7, 18 (1906), p. 440.

24 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

or the internasals ; frontal as long as the parietals; one pre-and two post-oculars. Seven
upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Temporals 1 + 2. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals
not keeled, 236, the first ten being much smaller ; subcaudals 43. There are 63 annuli, which
are narrower than the interspaces. Color as in P. colubrinus.

Total length 480 mm. ; tail 50. Reg. No. J 12/304.

PSEUDECHIS MORTONENSIS, De Vis.
In the description of this snake in the Annals of the Queensland Museum, No. 10, page 24,
a somewhat obvious printer’s error occurs. The length of the tail should be 200 mm., and not 20.
Since this species was described two further specimens have been secured. The Blue-bellied
Black Snake is the local name.

PSEUDELAPS SUTHERLANDI, De Vis.*

In many specimens of juvenile Diemenias the conspicuous markings are so distinct from
the sober uniformity of typical adults that it is not surprising that several forms have been
described as new species in other genera, such as Pseudelaps and Furina. To Mr. D. B. Fry, of
the Australian Museum, Sydney, we are indebted for a suggestion that Pszudelaps sutherlandi,
De Vis, is another case in point, Mr. Fry having examined the type when recently in Brisbane.
Were the type a new accession the writer would have no hesitation in referring this supposititious
Pseudelaps to certain young specimens of Diemenia in our collection labelled D. modesta, Gunth.
But D. modesta is recognised as a Westralian species, and although our Museum register records
nine specimens as having been secured in Eastern Queensland, several of these which are available
for examination have proved to be forms of either textilis or nuchalis. Doubtless with one of
these three species P. sutherlandi should be placed, though, with the limited range of young
specimens at command, the writer has hesitancy in definitely allocating it. Pseudelaps bancrofti,
De Vis, ț has also affinities with Diemenia nuchalis in its juvenile forms. It is hoped that a
completer range of specimens will one day give an opportunity for an arbitrary pronouncement
on these points.

TYPHLOPS LEUCOPROCTUS, Bler.

Through the kindness of Mr. J. R. Tosh we are able to note Darnley Island as a new
locality for this blindworm. This is the first record, so far as our knowledge goes, of a
terrestrial reptile from that island.

DIPLODACTYLUS CILIARIS, Bler.

From the Bishop of Carpentaria, who bears the honoured name of Gilbert White, a specimen
has been received of Diplodactylus ciliaris, Blgr., “‘ found on an oleander bush at Normanton.”
This gecko differs from its normal form, as described by Boulenger, in having its rostral not
completely divided medially. Its tail presents quite a distinct appearance from that of a typical
specimen, but it is obviously a second edition. Instead of bearing but two series of spines, this

* Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., 1884, p. 139.
+ Annais of the Queensland Museum, No. 10 (1911), p. 25.

HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES.—LONG MAN. 25

tail is covered, except in the anterior portion, with an imbricated series. Towards the tip the
spines are much longer and they extend over the sides. In other respects the general contour of
this renewed tail presents no marked difference from an original one.

Reg. No. J 12/312.

VARANUS VARIUS, haw.

The omnivorous characteristics of Australian Monitor Lizards (Varanidæ) have often besen
placed on record. A notable example of the voracity of the common Varanus varius, Shaw, was
recently secured for the Queensland Museum. This shows a large specimen with the remains of
Tachyglossus aculeatus, Shaw, partially engulfed in its capacious jaws. But the spiny Echidna
proved too tough a meal for even a Monitor Lizard, and both animals perished in the struggle.

SILUBOSAURUS ZELLINGI, De Vis.*

Further specimens having been received of the spiny-tailed Egernias—Z£. stokesii, Gray,

and FE. depressa, Gunth.., a re-examination has been made of Silubosaurus zellingi, De Vis. This
confirms the query of Boulenger, in the B.M. Catalogue of Lizards, that this species is not specifi-
cally distinct from Egernia stokesii. Locality, Barcoo, W.Q.

* Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld. 1884, p. 53.

26

In

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.

By J. Dovcras Ocizsy-

(Plates 12-14 and 2 text figures.)

the following pages forty-one species of Queensland fishes are more

or less fully discussed. These may be separated in five sections as follow :—

Undeseribed species, redescribed species, species not hitherto recorded from the

State, additional information on little-known forms, and corrections.

a va T

or

12.

13.

To the first section belong—
SCOLIODON AFFINIS; fam. Carcharhinide ; Snapper Banks off Moreton Bay.

SCOLIODON LONGMANT; fam. et distr. eid.
RHINOPTERA NEGLECTA; fam. Aétobatide; Moreton Bay.

GALAXIAS O’coNNORI; fam. Galariide; Mountain Streams of Southern
Queensland.

DorYICHTHYS STICTORHYNCHUs; fam. Syngnathide; Coast of South Queens-
land (Moreton Bay).

. ATHERINA HONORLE; fam. Atherinide; Coast of South Queensland (Nerang —

Creek).

. PSEUDORHOMBUS ELEVATUS; fam. Bothide; Coast of South Queensland

(Moreton Bay).
PSEUDORHOMBUS CARTWRIGHTI; fam. et distr. eid.

PSEUDORHOMBUS ANOMALUS; fam. et distr: eid.

. LEIOGNATHUS MORETONIENSIS; fam. Leiognathide; Coast of South Queens-

land.

. KYPHOSUS GIBSONI; fam. Ayphoside; Coast of South Queensland (Moreton

Bay).

SIGANUS CONSOBRINUS; fam. Siganide; Coast of South Queensland, generally
distributed.

SIGANUS AUROLINEATUS; fam. ead.; Coast of North Queensland (Somerset).

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 27

14. SPHEROIDES TUBERCULIFERUS; fam. Tetraodontide; Coast of South Queens-
land (Moreton Bay).

15. ANTENNARIUS STIGMATICUS; fam. Antennariide ; Coast of South Queensland
(Moreton Bay).

To the second section belong—
1. ATHERINA PINGUIS Lacépède; fam. Atherinide; Indian and Pacific Oceans.

2, ATHERINA LACUNOSA Forster; fam. ead.; Western Pacifice (New Caledonia
and Moreton Bay).

3. LETHRINUS LATICAUDIS Alleyne & Macleay; Sparide; Coasts of Middle
and North Queensland.

4. LEIOGNATHUS HASTATUS Ogilby; nom. nov. for Equula longispina De Vis,
preoccupied; fam Leiognathide; Coast of North Queensland (Cape
York).

To the third—
LYCODONTIS MARGARITOPHORUS (Bleeker); fam. Murænide.
STIGMATOPHORA NIGRA Kaup; fam. Syngnathide.
PEGASUS DRACONIS Linneus; fam. Pegaside.
PARATRACHICTHYS ELONGATUS Günther; fam. Trachichthyide.
LOPHONECTES GALLUS Günther ; fam. Bothide.

eee A T

EPINEPHELUS HOEDTH Bleeker; fam. Serranide.

=]

. Leproscopus MAcRoPyGus Richardson; fam. Leptoscopide.
GASTEROCHISMA MELAMPUS Richardson; fam. Scombride.

Ng

EUMYCTERIAS CALLISTERNUS Ogilby ; fam. Tropidichthyide.
10. LEPADICHTHYS FRENATUS Waite; fam. Gobiesocide.

In the fourth the claims of Teniura lymma and Leiuranus semicinctus to
inclusion in our fauna are further strengthened, and the ranges of Amia berthe
and Tathicarpus muscosus are extended, while in the fifth the relationships of
Jenynsella weatherilli Ogilby, Homalogrystes luctuosus De Vis, Chetodon aurora
De Vis, C. nigripes De Vis, C. germanus De Vis, Holacanthus sphyna De Vis,
and Salarias lineolatus Alleyne and. Macleay, are determined.

CARCHARHINIDAL.

The genus Scoliodon was established in 1837 by Drs. Miiller and Henle
for the accommodation of certain ‘‘ blue sharks,’’ which differ from Blainville’s
Carcharhinus! chiefiy in their small size and less specialized dentition, the teeth

1 Journ. Phys., 1816, p. 164 (commersonii—lamia).

28. MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

being wholly free from serre. In the ‘‘ Systematische Beschreibung der
Plagiostomen”’ of these authors, published four years later, Scoliodon is reduced
to the rank of a subgenus! of Carcharias Cuvier? (not Carcharias Rafinesque?)
which is synonymous with Carcharhinus Blainville. Three species are described
under this subgenus, namely—Carcharias (Scoliodon) laticaudus Müller &
Henle* C. (S.) acutus Rüppell, and C.. (S) lalandii. Müller & Henle, the
latter being identical with the Squalus (Carcharias) terre-nove of Sir John
Richardson,® a Florida species erroneously ascribed by its author to New-
foundland, hence the specific name. In 1856 Bleeker added two species under
the names Carcharias (Scoliodon) dumerili” and C. (S.) walbeehmi® In the
‘British Museum Catalogue of Fishes’’ these five species were redescribed by
Dr. Günther. No addition was then made to the ranks of the genus until
1882, in which year Professors Jordan and Gilbert made known a_ second
American species, for which they proposed the name Carcharias longurio.® It
will thus be seen that up to 1896, when Jordan and Evermann published the
first part of their monumental work on the ‘‘ Fishes of North and Middle
America,” ichthyologists had been content to relegate Scoliodon to the
subordinate position of a subgenus of Cuvier’s Carcharias, but the last-named
authors reinstated it in its generic rank, making it equivalent with Prionace?
and Carcharhinus, a conclusion with which I am cordially in agreement. Rather
more than four years ago the writer was fortunate enough to be present at the
capture of a shark on the Snapper Banks off Moreton Bay, which on examination
proved to be an undescribed species, and which he subsequently described as
Scoliodon jordani, in commemoration of Prof. Jordan’s visits to Brisbane at
that time. The present paper adds two more species to the Queensland list,
so that no less than four of the nine recognized species are inclusive in the fauna
of this State.

1 That this alteration was only made after much consideration is shown by the fact that in
the Plagiostomen there are two separate sheets bearing the pagination 27 and 28. On the first
Scoliodon is treated as a genus, on the second, which in view of the succeeding pages assuredly
represents the final decision of the authors, as a subgenus.

2 Règne Animal, ed. 1, 1817, p. 125 (lamia).

3 Caratt. d’ale. nuov. Gen., 1810, p. 10 (taurus).

+ Plagiost., 1841, p. 28, pl. viii.

5 Plagiost., 1841, p. 30.

6 Faun. Bor. Amer., ili, 1836, p. 239.

7 Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Neerl., i, 1856, Amboina, p. 70.
8 Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., x, 1856, p. 353.

° Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, p. 406.

10 Cantor, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xviii, 1849, p. 1381. Substitute for Prionodon Muller &
Henle, preoccupied in Mammals.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 29

KEY TO THE QUEENSLAND SPECIES.

a‘, Length of anal much less than its distance from the ventrals.
b1. First dorsal fin higher than long.

c', Labial groove very short, directed outwards from the angle of the
mouth.

d. Preoral length 1.9 in head ; eye midway between tip of snout
and fourth gill-opening ; second dorsal nearer origin of first
than tip of tail; anal partly below second dorsal ; pectoral
extending well beyond origin of first dorsal ns ss tL. afinite:

d?. Preoral length 2.5 in head ; eye midway between tip of snout
and second gill-opening ; second dorsal much nearer tip of
tail than origin of first ; anal wholly in advance of second
dorsal; pectoral extending to below origin of second dorsal 2. jordani.

L*. First dorsal fin longer than high ; anal fin partly below second dorsal.
e1. Labial grooves very short, extending along both jaws ; eye midway
between tip of snout and first gill-opening ; second dorsal nearer
origin of first than tip of tail ; pectoral fin extending to below

origin of first dorsal os ae a is is s. 3, GCULUS.

e?. Labial grooves well developed ; eye midway between tip of snout
and second gill-opening ; second dorsal midway between origin
of first and tip of tail; pectoral fin extending to below middle
of first dorsal ae A oe a ae Sa .. 4. lonymant.

SCOLIODON AFFINIS sp. nov.
Long-nosed Dog Shark.

Depth of body 9, length of head 5-35, predorsal length 3, length of
caudal 3-6, of pectoral 7-75 in total length. Width of head 2, depth of head 2:-8,.
preoral length 1-9, interocular width 2-2, internasal 3-25, width of mouth 3,.
vertical height of first dorsal 2-45, length of ventral 2-8 in length of head.

Body slender and compressed, conspicuously convex between the occiput
and the first dorsal fin, its greatest width 1-66 in its depth. Head strongly
depressed, its length 1-5 in that of the trunk. Snout produced and pointed,
its length equaling the space between the eye and the last gill-opening and 1-6
time the width of the mouth, which is one seventh more than its ramal length.
Space between inner angle of nostril and mouth 1-85 in its distance from the
tip of the snout; tip of mandible broadly rounded, extending forward to the.
vertical from the middle of the eye; no lower labial groove, the upper very
short and directed outwards at a right angie to the jaw. Teeth in H=
series, those of the upper jaw oblique, with the inner edge slightly angulated
mesially, those of the lower linear and nearly horizontal. Diameter of eye 3-5.
in the preoral length, which is one fifth more than the interocular width. Tai}
about one seventh longer than the head and trunk.

30 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

First dorsal fin inserted one fifth nearer to the ventral than to the
pectoral, its anterior border mostly linear with the outer angle pointed; posterior
angle produced and acute, not quite reaching to the vertical from the ventral;
vertical height of fin a little more than its basal length. Second dorsal inserted
one fifth nearer to the origin of the first than to the tip of the tail; interdorsal
space 1-4 in the predorsal length, and 3-25 times the base of the first dorsal.
Caudal fin long, the upper angle pointed; anterior border of lower lobe 3 in
the upper lobe. Anal fin terminating below the middle of the second dorsal,
its length 2-1 in its distance from the caudal, which is 1-25 in that from the
ventral. Pectoral fin inserted about one tenth nearer to the ventral than to
the tip of the snout and extending to below the anterior third of the first
dorsal, the anterior and posterior borders convex, the outer emareginate; upper
angle sharply, lower more bluntly rounded, the latter but little produced.
Space between ventral and anal 1-2 in its distance from the pectoral. Last
gili-opening 1-33 in the third, which is 1-25 in the eye-diameter.

Dark blue above, shading through gray on the lower sides to silvery
white below. Iris blue. Anal, pectoral, and ventral fins edged with white.
(affinis, allied to.)

Total length (of type) 526 millim.
Coast of Southern Queensland.

Described from the single example as yet known, a young male which
was taken by myself on a line off Noosa Head on the 6th of August, 1909. Type
in the A.F.A.Q. collection, Cat. No. 1524.

This species approaches §. dumerilii more closely than to any other
species of Scoliodon, but may be distinguished by the longer anal fin, which
(fide Gunther’) is never more than one third of its distance from the ventral.
The greater length of the snout, which considerably exceeds the space between
the eye and the root of the pectoral, and the more backward extension of that
fin are also noteworthy.

SCOLIODON LONGMANT sp. nov.
Longman’s Dog Shark.

Depth of body 8-6, length of head 5-25, predorsal length 3-25, length of
caudal 3-7, of pectoral 8-15 in total length. Width of head 1-8, depth of head
2:25, preoral length 2-25, interocular width 2-25, internasal width 3-95, width
of mouth 2-8, vertical height of first dorsal 2-25, length of ventral 2-5 in length
of head.

1 Brat. Mus. Catal. Fish., viii, 1870, p. 359.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 31

Body rather slender and but little compressed, with a gentle convexity
from the eye to the first dorsal, its greatest width 1-25 in its depth. Head
strongly depressed, its length 1-4 in that of the trunk. Snout produced and
sharply rounded, its length equaling the space between the eye and the second
‘ gill-opening and 1-2 time the width of the mouth, which is one third more
than its ramal length. Space between inner angle of nostril and mouth 1-7
in its distance from the tip of the snout; tip of mandible rounded, not extending
forward to the vertical from the front margin of the eye; labial grooves well
developed, the upper the longer, three fourths of the space between the eye and
the mouth. Teeth in $= series, those of both jaws with the inner border
obliquely linear, the outer deeply notched. Diameter of eve 3-7 in the preoral
length, which is equal to the interocular width. Tail about one tenth longer
than the head and trunk.

First dorsal fin equidistant from the pectoral and ventral, its anterior
border linear with the outer angle sharply rounded, the posterior angle produced
and acute, reaching to the vertical from the origin of the ventral; vertical
height of fin 1-1 in its basal length. Second dorsal inserted a little nearer to
the origin of the first than to the tip of the tail; interdorsal space 1-25 in the
predorsal length and 2-6 times the base of the first dorsal. Caudal fin long,
the upper angle obtusely pointed; anterior border of lower lobe 3 in the upper
lobe. Anal terminating below the anterior third of the second dorsal, its
leneth 1-7 in its distance from the caudal, which is 1-1 in that from the ventral.
Pectoral fin inserted two fifths nearer to the ventral than to the tip of the
snout and not quite extending to below the middle of the first dorsal, the anterior
border linear, the posterior convex, the outer feebly emarginate; upper and
lower angles rounded, the latter but slightly produced. Space between ventral
and anal fins 1-6 in its distance from the pectoral.

Last gill-opening 1-1 in the third, which is equal to the eye-diameter.
Blue-gray above, shading into whitish below. Outer edge of first dorsal,
upper, posterior, and part of the lower edge of the caudal blackish.

Described from an immature male, 452 millim. long, obtained in Moreton
Bay, and now in the possession of the Queensland Museum; Reg. No. I. 292.

I have much pleasure in naming this distinct species after my friend and
colleague Heber Albert Longman, Queensland biologist.

DASYBATIDA.

TÆNIURA LYMMA (Forskal).
Twenty-seven years ago the writer identified an old spirit specimen from
Cape York in the Australian Museum collection, since which time it does not
seem to have been noticed on the Australian Coast. It is, therefore, with great
pleasure that I am able to record the reception of a beautifully marked young
male from Darnley Island, whence it was forwarded by Mr. J. R. Tosh.

us
bo

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

AETOBATID.
RHINOPTERA NEGLECTA sp. nov.

Australian Cow-nose Ray.

Disk more than twice as broad as long; međian notch of snout deep.
Nine series of teeth in each jaw, those of the middle upper series eight times
as wide as long.and one and two thirds time as wide as the adjacent series;
middle lower teeth a little wider than the upper.

Width of disk 86 cm.
Moreton Bay.

In the first part of the second volume of the Royal Society of Queensland
Mr. De Vis recorded the specimen here briefly described under the name
Rhinoptera javanica, but the characters relied on above show that it is more
closely allied to the Brazilian R. jussieui than to the Malayan species. This
unique Australian specimen is unfortunately in such wretched condition as to
preclude a more detailed description.

APLOCHITONIDÆ.

In part 9 of the Annals of the Queensland Museum I described under
the name of Jenynsella weatherilli a small fish collected by Mr. W. Weatherill
in Enoggera Creek; being under the impression that it was scaleless I placed
the genus in the neighborhood of Aplochiton. During the past winter several
fine examples were captured in the same locality by Messrs. Marshall and
Catchpole, which coming into my hands in a fresh state I at once perceiyed
to be covered by small delicate scales. This fact naturally brought to my mind
Weber’s much desired Prototroctes semoni from the Burnett River, and a
further examination confirmed the identity of the two fishes. The synonymy
of the species should therefore stand as follows—

JENYNSELLA SEMONI (Weber).

Prototroctes semoni Weber, Zool. Forsch., 1895, p. 274.
Jenynsella weatherilli Ogilby, Ann. Queensl. Mus., pt. 9, 1908, p. 15.

From the fact that for several years this smelt has been persistently but
vainly sought for during the summer months, and that it was rediscovered in
considerable numbers during last August (the month of its original discovery
near Brisbane), we may well surmise that it is a migratory anadromous species,
ascending our creeks during the winter months for the purpose of depositing
its spawn. í

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 33

GALAXIID.
GALAXIAS O’CONNORI sp. nov.
Queensland Mountain Trout.

Depth of body 7-33, length of head 4:52 in length of body. Diameter
of eye 1-21 in length of snout and 4-42 in that of the head; width of interorbit
4-87 in the head. Lower jaw slightly projecting; maxillary extending to below
the anterior border of the eye. Dorsal 2 + 8; space between origin of dorsal
and root of caudal 3-62 in the length of the body. Anal 3 + 9, originating
below the last third of the dorsal and not extending to the caudal when
depressed. Pectoral extending four ninths of the distance between its origin
and the ventral. Ventral 7-rayed, originating one eighth nearer to the root
of the caudal than to the tip of the snout, extending half the distance between
its origin and the anal. Caudal emarginate; caudal peduncle three fifths longer
than deep. Light brown, profusely spotted with darker brown; fins immaculate.

Our single specimen comes from Lyra, near Stanthorpe, and measures
77 millim. It was presented to the Queensland Museum by Mr. Daniel O’Connor,
and I am pleased to have the opportunity of naming this, the first Queens-
land galaxiid, after my old and valued friend, to whom also the State owes, a
debt of gratitude for having taken living specimens of our Queensland Lung-
fish (Neoceratodus forsteri) to England and the Continent, and thus giving our
friends on the further side of the globe the opportunity of seeing in a living
state one of the most marvelous of the products of our land, the ancestors of
which at one time peopled the valleys where the Thames now runs. Reg. No.

I. 421.

According to Mr. Tate Regan’s able ‘‘ Revision of the Fishes of the
Family Galaxiide’’ the nearest ally of our species is Galaxias ornatus Castelnau,
only known at present from Cardinia Creek, Victoria.

OPHICHTH YID-%.
LEIURANUS SEMICINCTUS (Lay and Bennett).

Last year Mr. Allan R. McCulloch, of the Australian Museum, Sydney,
exhibited before the Linnean Society of New South Wales a specimen of this
handsome eel, which he had personally collected at Murray Island, Torres Strait ;
this. was said to be the earliest Australian record of the species. I have now
much pleasure in recording a second specimen, which has been forwarded by Mr.
J. R. Tosh from Darnley Island. . ee | TA,

Cc

34 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

MURÆNIDÆ.

LYCODONTIS MARGARITOPHORUS Bleeker.

During December of last year I received from Mr. Fred. Leftwich a
collection of fishes and crustaceans obtained by him in the Wide Bay District.
Among other rarities contained therein I found a small but beautifully
preserved example of this rare and handsome Reef Eel. I have retained Bleeker’s
name for the Queensland fish, because the series of oro-opercular spots, which
form so conspicuous a character in his specimen, are equally well marked in
mine, in which however they are supplemented by several large irregular spots
on the cheeks and lower opereular bones. Nevertheless it must be admitted
that, even after so brief a period (not more than six months) of immersion
in a 214 per cent. formalin solution, these markings have perceptibly faded,
and it may well be that in the old Madagascar example, which alone was
available to Günther, they have wholly disappeared. The question therefore
of the identity of Bleeker’s species with L. stelliferus (Richardson)? must still
remain in abeyance, until such time as opportunity is given to compare a
representative series of specimens from so widely separated localities. My
specimen, which bears the Cat. No. 1732 in the A.F.A.Q. Mus., measures 158
-millim., and is therefore somewhat shorter than the British Museum type of
L. stelliferus, 168 millim.

Giinther in his latest, publication? places Z. margaritophorus in the
synonymy of L. undulatus, from which he omits L. stelliferus, thus divorcing
the species which he had previously considered varietal. This may be correct,
but in any case the above is, so far as I can ascertain, the first Australian record
of the occurrence of this very handsome variety.

SYNGNATHIDAE,

DORYICHTHYS STICTORHYNCHUS sp. nov.

Osseous rings 21 + 24. Trunk hexagonal and moderately robust, its
depth slightly more than its width and 1-25 in the postorbital portion of the
head. Dorsal profile transversely linear, the ridges moderately elevated
cultriform and smooth, continuous with the upper caudal ridges; sides above
the lateral ridge convex, below concave; lateral ridge curved downwards
posteriorly, uniting with the lower caudal ridge at the suture of the first and
second caudal rings. Tail tetragonal, the caudal ridges rough but not = tama
its length 1-37 in that of the head and trunk.

ı Muræna stellifera Richardson, Zool. Erebus & Terror, Ichth., 1846, z 86.
2Journ. Mus. Godeffr., Heft ix, 1910, p. 413.

*Murcenophis undulata Lacépède, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 1803, pp. 629 & 644.

UN SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 35

Length of head 3 in that of the trunk and 6-9 in that of the body, the
frontal region but little deflected from the level of the snout. Snout straight,
with a well developed keel above, terminating between the eyes, a lateral keel
terminating in front of the eye, and a pair of inferior keels, divergent posteriorly,
and terminating at the operele, its length 1-86 in that of the head. Interorbital
region convex, its width 1-24 in the eye-diameter, which is 3-9 in the length of
the snout to the tip of the lower jaw. Occipito-nuchal carina originating a
little behind the posterior borders of the orbits and terminating at the last
third of the first body (nuchal) ring; it is rather low and is divided by notches
into three sections, the anterior (postfrontal) of moderate length and curved
outwards anteriorly almost to the upper angle of the right eye,: its length twice
that of the median (occipital) section, which like the nuchal section is straight;
nuchal section longest, 1-5 time the postfrontal; supraciliary ridge low, bent
downwards behind the eye, where it passes into an irregular carina, which
crosses the parietal region; opercle with three well marked slightly divergent
median ridges, extending backwards from an anterior tubercle.

Dorsal fin with 41 rays, inserted upon ten rings, two and a half of which .
belong to the body, its base not elevated, its length equal to the head from
the tip of the upper jaw. Caudal fin small and pointed, with 8 rays, which
increase in length to the third, below which they become rapidly shorter, its
length 3-25 in that of the head. Pectoral with 16 rays, short and broad,
scarcely reaching the end of the nuchal ring.

Ovisae occupying 19 body-rings, its length but little less than that of the
tail.

Dark olive brown above, paler profusely dotted with brown below. Sides
of snout with a series of nine conspicuous black, mostly quadrilateral, spots.
Caudal fin black. (orrós, spotted; pvvyos, snout.)

Described from a male specimen, 188 millim. in length, obtained m
Moreton Bay by Mr. J. Palmer, and presented by him to the A.F.A.Q. Mus. ;
Cat. No. 1741.

Our species may possibly be the male of Doryichthys bernsteini Bleeker,’
with which it has many characters in common, but cannot possibly be identified
with D. auronitens Kaup,® which is a Doryrhamphus. From D. serialis Giinther,*

+ Possibly this is an individual peculiarity and in other specimens the ridge would be
straight.
2 Arch. Néerl., 1867, p. 398: Halmaheira (Gilolo).
3 Brit. Mus. Catal. Lophobr. Fish., 1856, p. 59: Macassar.
+ Zool. Alert, 1884, p. 30, pl. iii, fig. B.: Port Molle, Q.

36 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND. MUSEUM.

the only other Queensland member of the genus, it differs in the more elongate
habit, the trunk being thrice the length of the head, in the increased carination
of the opercle, in the increased number of dorsal rays and osseous rings, and
in the coloration.

STIGMATOPHORA NIGRA Kaup.'

There is a specimen of this fish in the A.F.A.Q. Museum, obtained at.
Bulwer by Mr. J. Palmer. This is the only example of the genus as yet
recorded from the State.

Note—The Queensland Museum possesses two examples of S. olivacea.
Castelnau? labeled ‘‘ South Australia.’’? The species is certainly valid.

PEGASID2.
PEGASUS DRACONIS Linnzus.*

The Queensland Museum possesses five examples of this hypostomid from
the ‘‘ Coast of Queensland’’; Reg. No. I. 146. ‘This is the first record of its
occurrence in the State.

ATHERINIDAL.

On the 18th of last October I received from my valued correspondent

Mr. James Palmer, telegraph operator at the Bulwer Station, Moreton Bay,.
six atherinids, all of which had the dusky-tipped pectoral fins which are

supposed to be a distinguishing character of the two species Atherina lacunosa.
and A. pinguis and which have been the direct cause of so much confusion...
One of these was easily recognisable as belonging to the former species, which

is the common ‘‘ hardihead’’ of Moreton Bay, but the most cursory glance was.
sufficient to show that the remaining five were quite distinct, and a closer-
examination convinced me that I had unquestionably rediscovered Forster’s

long-lost species, about which there has been so much controversy. To facilitate.
comparison I therefore give detailed descriptions and figures of both species,.
and woodcuts showing the position of the vent in relation to the ventral and
anal fins, as also of a new atherinid here described from the same localities.

1In order to assist those, who like myself have no access to the works of
Schneider and Lacépéde, I append here translations of the original descriptions
of these two species, as kindly furnished to me by Mr. Allan R. es of
the Australian Museum, Sydney.. _

‘ Brit. Mus. Catal. Lophob. Fish., 1856, p. 53.
2 Proc. Zool. & Accel. Soc. Vic., i, 1872, p. 244.
? Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1766, p. 418.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 37

ATHERINA LACUNOSA :—

Body oblong, lanceolate, subcultrate, semitransparent, with large rounded
silvery scales; firmly adherent and imbricate. Head triangular, nearly linear
above, naked, and pitted, with two pits between the eyes, and about 6 grooves
on the snout. Cleft of mouth directed obliquely upwards; jaws equal, the lower
with rounded apex; teeth very small and closely set; nostrils simple; eyes
superior and very large. Opercles naked and silvery. Anus median.

Br. 6: D. 5, 9; P. 17; V. 1/6; A. 15; C. 18.

Caudal forked; posterior anal ray the longer; a slender oblong pointed
scale adjacent to the ventral fin.

ATHERINA PINGUIS :—

Six rays to the first dorsal fin; ten to the second;
twenty to the anal fin; six to the branchial membrane;
a membrane between the ventrals; the caudal forked.

L’Atherine Grasdeau
(Atherina pinguis)

Atherina pinguis—The gradeau or the grasdeau, a transparent atherine,
with denticulated mouth, ete. Commerson, MSS.

The Atherina grasdeau is yet another species unknown to naturalists.
Commerson has seen, described, and figured it. The general color of this fish
resembles that of very pellucid water, the back being of a somewhat darker
tint; the upper fins are brown, as also is the caudal; the lower white and
diaphanous; the pectorals are ornamented with a large transparent silvery
transverse band; the interior of the mouth is also of a shining diaphanous
white; the iris is silvery. The eyes are but little projecting; the head is
destitute of small scales; the opercle is composed of two pieces and is pointed
from behind; upper jaw extensible; peritoneum black; the flesh very delicate.

The following characters will suffice to distinguish the three species—

a. Pectoral fins with dusky tips.
bt.. Body robust, its depth about 4.75 in its length ; spinous dorsal originat-
ing nearer to root of caudal than to tip of snout ; base of anal more
than its distance from caudal; vent in advance of tips of ventrals .. pinguis.

b?. Body slender, its depth about 6 in its length ; spinous dorsal originating
midway between root of caudal and tip of snout ; base of anal as long
as its distance from caudal ; vent well behind tips of ventrals .. lacunosa.

a?. Pectoral fins uniform.

c!. Body slender, its depth less than 6 in its length ; spinous dorsal orig-
inating nearer to tip of snout than to root of caudal; base of anal
much shorter than its distance from caudal; vent between tips of
ventrals .. as ph bie re Zt ie 2y .. honoriæ.

38 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

2. ATHERINA PINGUIS Lacépéde.

Atherina pinguis Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 1803, p. 372, pl. xi. fig. 1: Mauritius, After
Commerson—Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sci. Ind. Néerl., viii, 1860, Sumatra 8, p. 24—Giinther
Brit. Mus. Catal. Fish., iii, 1861, p. 399: Madagascar; Southern Australia; Sydney ;
Aneiteum, New Hebrides—Klunzinger, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1870 p. 835: Red Sea—
Day, Fish. India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 344: Seas of India—Alleyne & Macleay Proc. Linn. Soc,
N.S. Wales, i, 1877, p.340: Hall Sound, British New Guinea—Kirk, Proc. N.Z. Inst., xii,
1880, p. 309, c. text-fig.: Wellington—Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vi, 1881, p.
38—Hutton, Ind. Faun. Nov. Zeal., 1904, p. 46.

Atherina affinis Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1831, p. 166 : Mauritius.
Atherina pectoralis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 1835, p. 447: Ile de France
Bourbon ; Seychelles.

Atherina lacunosa Günther, Journ. Mus. Godeffr., Heft xiii, 1877, p. 213, pl. exviii, fig. E. Vaté,
New Hebrides: New Caledonia—id., Zool. Challenger, i, 1880, Shore Fish., p. 36: Fiji—
Ogilby, Catal. Fish. N.S. Wales, 1886, p. 40—Waite, Synops. Fish. N.S. Wales, 1904, p.
21—id., Rec. Canterb. Mus., i, 1907, p. 15.

Common Hardihead.
Plate 12, fig. 1.

Depth of body 4:63 to 5-02, length of head 3-63 to 3-86, of caudal fin
4-47 to 4-86, of pectoral 4-2 to 4-8, of ventral 7 to 7-33 in length of body.
Length of snout 3-85 to 4:25, diameter of eye 2:51 to 2:75, width of interorbit
2-64 to 2:92, length of maxillary 2-42 to 2:76, of mandible 2-03 to 2-17, height
of spinous dorsal 2-38 to 2-62, of soft dorsal 1-86 to 2-2, of anal 1-7 to 2-05 in
length of head. 3

_ Body robust and compressed, its width 1-5 to 1-62. in its depth, which
is 1-24 to 1-36 in the length of the head; caudal peduncle long and slender,
its least depth 2:13 to 2-5 in its length and 1-28 to 1-44 in the eye-diameter.
“Width of head 1-13 to 1-2 in its depth, which is 1-41 to 1-61 in its length;
snout short and broad, its length 1-43 to 1-7 in the eye-diameter, which is equal
to or a little more than the postorbital length of the head. Jaws equal;
maxillary extending to below or somewhat beyond the anterior border of the
eye, mandible to below the middle of the eve or not quite so far. Interorbital
region flat, its width 1 to 1:12 in the eye-diameter; postorbital length of head
1-61 to 1-93 in the rest of the head. Posterior suborbital deeply notched above
the angle.

=

Seales 38 to 401/6. Predorsal scales 19; interdorsal 7; 5 scales between
the origin of the soft dorsal and the anal; cheek scales and interopereular scales
in a single series each; no axillary pectoral scale; axillary scale of ventral
usually present, its length 2-06 to 2-32 in that of the fin and 1-58 to 1-77 in the
eye-diameter.

1 From behind the pectoral to the root of the caudal.

QUEENSLAND FISHES. PLATE 12,

TRE TA IEP
Ep ee PEE E PR eee
cA! z;
"a KÀ v.
z J
`

ETSI YS
A

Sh k
S mi

+
;

a aa

Fre. 2.

Fig. 3.

A. R. McCulloch, del. Frc. 1.—Atherina pinguis Lacépède. Nat. size.
Fic. 2.—Atherina lacunosa Forster. x 2.

Fria. 3.—Atherina honorie Ogilby. x 3.
Face page 38.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 39

D. v or vi, i9 or 10; A.i13 or 14; P. 16 to 19. Spinous dorsal originating
above the 14th body-scale, its distance from the root of the caudal 1:16 to 1-25
in that from the tip of the snout; second spine usually a little longer than the
first or third, 1-12 to 1-33 in the height of the soft dorsal, which originates
above the 22nd body-seale. Caudal forked, with pointed lobes, the middle rays
1:79 to 2:06 in the upper lobe. Anal originating 3 seale-lengths in advance
of and terminating on the same plane as the second dorsal, its base -21 to -35
more than its distance from the caudal and -4 to -6 more than that of the soft
dorsal; last ray of both fins somewhat produced. Third and fourth pectoral
rays longest, extending to the 8th or 9th body-scale. Ventral inserted a little
behind the middle of the appressed pectoral, the space between its origin and
the anal 1-31 to 1-53 in its distance from the tip of the mandible.

Gill-rakers 6 or 7 + 24 to 27, long and slender, the longest 2 to 2-5 in
the eye-diameter and twice or rather less than twice the length of the gill-fringes.
Pharyngeal dentition similar to that of A. lacunosa, but each separate tooth
much longer and coarser. Vent situated about a pupil-diameter in advance of
the tip of the ventrals, its distance from the origin of which is 1-81 to 2-18 in
that from the anal. Vertebre 21 + 20 or 21 = 41 or 42.

Upper parts pale green, each scale bordered and more or less dotted with
black, the median dorsal with a terminal group of black dots so crowded
together as to form a conspicuous spot; lower surfaces pearly white, with a
single or irregularly double series of black dots just below the lateral line, one
or more rows along each side of the base of the anal, a single row along the
ventral ridge between the anal and caudal fins, and a few dots irregularly
distributed over the sides of the trunk and tail; a silvery lateral band about
half a scale-width separates the two areas, and covers the middle part of the
third row of scales, extending from behind the base of the pectoral to the root
of the caudal. Lips, upper surface of head, and parietal region profusely black-
dotted, the dots being most densely crowded on the anterior edge of the snout,
the ground color of which posteriorly is smoky brown; interorbital region
wholly or in two supraciliary patches dark blue. Iris silvery, clouded above
with blue. Vertical fins colorless, or with a series of black dots along the edge
of the first dorsal spine and ray. Caudal narrowly, pectorals broadly black-
tipped, due to the crowding together of numerous black dots; ventrals colorless.
(pinguis, stout.)

Described from twelve Moreton Bay examples, measuring from 102 to
174 millim., the number being evenly divided between the Queensland and
A.F.A.Q. Museums.

I am somewhat sceptical as to the specific identity of such a fish as this
ranging from Madagascar to the New Hebrides and Fiji and from the Red Sea
to New Zealand. It is more than likely that, as in the case of Elops, half a
dozen species are being confounded under the name pinguis; as no other

40 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Museum is likely to have so complete a geographical series of this fish asthe
British, we over here hope that Mr. Tate Regan will shortly make use of his
opportunities to institute an exhaustive inquiry into the forms of this interesting
little species, for even on the Australian coast the intertropical form differs
more or less markedly from its southern brother.

(a) Ventral suriace of Atherina pinguis Lacépéde, showing position of vent.
(b} Same view of Atherina lacunosa Forster, greatly enlarged.

ATHERINA LACUNOSA Forster.
Atherina lacunosa Forster, in Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 112 : New Caledonia—
id., Deser. Anim., Lichstenstein ed., 1844, p. 298. Not of Valenciennes,’ nor Bleeker,? nor
Günther,’ nor Jordan & Richardson.*

Slender Hardihead.
Plate 12, fig. 2.

Depth of body 5-71 to 6-35, length of head 4-05 to 4-21, of caudal fin
5 to 5-19, of pectoral 5-1 to 5-4, of ventral 7-56 to 7-71 in length of body.
Length of snout 3-86 to 4:1, diameter of eye 2-45 to 2-75, width of interorbit
2-59 to 2-82, length of maxillary 2°4 to 2-58, of mandible 2-25 to 2-5, height
of spinous dorsal 2-24 to 2-6, of soft dorsal 2-14 to 2-6, of anal 1-87 to 2:2 in
length of head.

1 Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 1835, p. 454: New Caledonia.

2 Nat. Tijds. Nederl. Ind., v, 1853, p. 504: Sumatra.

3 Journ. Mus. Godeffr., Heft xiii, 1877, p. 213, pl. exviii, fig. E: Vaté, New Hebrides ;
New Caledonia.

* Bull, U.S. Bur. Fish., xxvii, 1907, p. 243 : Iloilo, Philippines.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.-—OGILBY. 41

Body slender. and subfusiform, its width 1-23 to 1-37 in its depth, which
is 1-36 to 1-53 in the length of the head; caudal peduncle long and slender,
its least depth 2-41 to 2-79 in its length and 1-388 to 1-62 in the eye-diameter.
Width of head 1 to 1-11 in its depth, which is 1-67 to 1-73 in its length ; snout
short and broad, its length 1-4 to 1-62 in the eye-diameter, which equals or
exceeds by one fifth the postorbital length of the head. Jaws equal; maxillary
extending to or nearly to below the anterior border of the eye, mandible to
below that of the pupil. Interorbital region flat, its width 1 to 1-09 in the eye-
diameter; postorbital length of head 1-7 to 2-06 in the rest of the head.
Posterior suborbital notch obsolescent.

Seales 38 to 40'/6. Predorsal scales 17 or 18; intedorsal 7 or 8; 5
scales between the origin of the soft dorsal and the anal; cheek-scales and
interopercular scales in a single series each; no axillary pectoral seale; axillary
scale of ventral sometimes wanting, its length, when present, 2-75 to 3 in the
length of the fin and 2 to 2-12 in the eye-diameter.

D. v or vi, i 10; A. 112; P. 17. Spinous dorsal originating above the
12th or 13th body-seale and midway between the root of the caudal and the tip
of the snout or a trifle (less than one fifteenth) nearer to the former; second
spine longest, as high as the soft dorsal, which originates above the 23rd or 24th
body-seale. Caudal forked, with pointed lobes, the middle rays 1-8 to 2-04 in
the upper lobe. Anal originating 2 scale-lengths in advance of and terminating
on the same plane as the soft dorsal, its base as long as its distance from the
caudal and -37 to -47 more than that of the soft dorsal; last ray of both fins
somewhat produced. Fourth and fifth pectoral rays longest, extending to the
Sth body-seale. Ventral inserted below the last quarter of the appressed
pectoral, the space between its origin and the anal 1-25 to 1-41 in its distance
from the tip of the mandible.

Gill-rakers 6 + 22 or 23, rather short and slender, the longest 4:5 to 5 in
the eye-diameter and about as long as the gill-fringes. Upper pharyngeal bones
armed with numerous close-set conical slightly curved teeth; lower with longer
and more slender erect teeth. Vent immediately behind the tips of the ventrals
in young to nearly a pupil-diameter behind in adult examples and midway
between the origins of the ventrals and anal. Vertebre 19 + 21 = 40.

Coloration as in A. pinguis (See p. 39). (lacunosa, full of pits;
alluding to the large open pores of the muciferous system. )

Described from five specimens, measuring from 63 to 107 millimeters,
obtained at Bulwer, Moreton Bay, by Mr. James Palmer, and kindly forwarded
by him to the A.F.A.Q. Museum. One of these specimens being somewhat

1 From behind the pectoral to the root of the caudal.

42 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

damaged was utilized for dissection; a second is in the possession of Dr.
William Patten, Professor of Biology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hamp-
shire; a third has been presented to the Australian Museum, Sydney; a fourth
is in the Queensland Museum, Reg. No. I. 448; and the last has been retained
by the A.F.A.Q., Cat. No. 1700.

ATHERINA HONORIZ sp. nov.

Estuarine Hardihead.
Plate 12, fig. 3.

Depth of body 6-12 to 6-25, length of head 4:13 to 4:33, of caudal fin
4-88 to 5-05, of pectoral 5-62 to 5-78, of ventral 7-66 to 8 in length of body.
Length of snout 3-43 to 3-6, diameter of eye 2-7 to 2-86, width of interorbit
3-4 to 3-6; length of maxillary 2-9, of mandible 2-45 to 2-5, height of spinous
dorsal 2-16, of soft dorsal 1-66 to 1-85, of anal 1-6 to 1-75 in length of head.

Body slender. and somewhat compressed, its width 1-42 to 1-5 in its depth,
which is 1-4 to 1-5 in the length of the head; caudal pedunele long and slender,
its least depth 2-83 to 3 in its length and 1-15 to 1-33 in the eye-diameter.
Width of head 1-08 to 1-13 in its depth, which is 1-67 in its length. Snout
moderate and pointed, its length 1:2 to 1:33 in the eye-diameter, which is
equal to or rather less than the postorbital portion of the head. Jaws subequal,
mouth small, with strongly oblique cleft, the maxillary not extending to the
level of the eye, the mandible to below the anterior border of the pupil. Inter-
orbital region flat, its width 1-27 to 1-33 in the eye-diameter ; postorbital length
of head 1-5 to 1-66 in the rest of the head. No suborbital notch.

Seales 32 to 34/6. Predorsal scales 13 or 14; interdorsal’6; 5 scales
between the origin of the soft dorsal and the anal; cheek-seales and interopereular
scales in a single series each; no axillary pectoral scale; axillary scale of ventral
short and triangular, its length 3-16 to 3-34 in that of the fin and 2-1 to 2-18 in
the eye-diameter. .

D. v,1 7 or 8; A iTO; P. 13. Spinous dorsal originating above the 10th
body-scale and nearer to the tip of the snout than to the root of the caudal;
second spine longest, 1-12 to 1-28 in the height of the soft dorsal, which originates
above the 18th body-seale. Caudal fin forked, with pointed lobes, the middle
rays 1-9 to 2-15 in the upper lobe. Anal originating 3 scale-lengths in advance
of and terminating slightly before the last ray of the soft dorsal, its base 1-25
to 1-4 in its distance from the caudal and -41 to -48 more than that of the soft
dorsal; last ray of both fins slightly produced. Third pectoral ray the longest,
extending to the 7th body-scale. Ventral inserted below the last quarter of the
appressed pectoral, the space between its origin and the anal 1-5 to 1-62 in its
distance from the tip of the mandible.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES—OGILBY. 43

Gill-rakers 5 + 12, rather short and stout, the longest about one fourth
of the diameter of the eye and a little longer than the gill-fringes. Upper and
lower pharyngeal bones clothed with close-set acicular teeth, the former with
one or two rows of coarse conical teeth posteriorly. Vent between the tips of
the ventrals and midway between the origins of the ventrals and anal. Vertebræ
21 + 20 — 41.

Coloration after ten years’ immersion in formalin solution—Yellow, clear
above dull below; each scale of the median dorsal line with two or more black
spots and numerous brown dots, the latter present,on the other dorsal scales,
mostly as a diminishing marginal band; a broad violet band along the middle
of the side from above the base of the pectoral to the root of the caudal; all
the scales below this band immaculate, except those along the median ventral
line, which are black-dotted. Snout powdered with brown; a large blackish
occipital blotch. Fins immaculate. Dedicated to Miss Honor Coralie Hamlyn-
Harris.

Described from two specimens, measuring respectively 64 (type) and
78 millim., collected in Nerang Creek by Mr. J. R. Tosh in 1902; they are in the
collection of the Queensland Museum.

TRACHICHTHY!IDE.

PARATRACHICHTHYS ELONGATUS (Günther).
The Queensland Museum possesses a specimen of this fish labeled Moreton
Bay; this was one of the discoveries of Mr. E. Marwedel during his memorable
trawling experiments in 1889.

BOTHID.

With the addition of the two species here described we are now acquainted
with seven fiounders of the genus Pseudorhombus inhabiting Queensland waters,
as against but one catalogued by Macleay up to 1884 and a second recorded by
Saville Kent in 1893.

Our list now contains the following forms :—

1. russellii Gray, in Gray and Hardwicke Ind. Zool., 1830, pl. —, fig. 2—Large-
toothed Flounder.’

bo

. polyspilos Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., iv, 1853, p. 5083—Starry Flounder.

3. nove-cambrie Ogilby, Proc.. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxiii, 1898, p. 296—-
Common Flounder.

4. tenuirastrum Waite, Mem. Austr. Mus., iv, 1899, p. 121—Slender Flounder.

or

. elevatus Ogilby, infra.—Deep Flounder.

1 I have not seen this species and doubt its occurrence.

44 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.
6. cartwrighti Ogilby, infra.—Cartwright’s Flounder.
7. anomalus Ogilby, infra.—Ocellated Flounder.

8. sp.—Twin-spot Flounder. Of this latter species, according to my notes,

| seven specimens were obtained during the Endeavour’s second cruise in
Queensland waters, two off Pine Peak in 25 fathoms on mud and five off
Cape Gloucester in 36 fathoms on sand and mud. Owing to the tardy
way in which these collections are unavoidably being worked out it may
be years before we can authoritatively include this and many other
interesting fishes in’ the Queensland Catalogue. This flounder may be
Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus Regant from the Inland Sea of Japan.

In the same notes reference is briefly made to two other flounders which
may belong to this genus; of the first of these four specimens are noted, under
the heading ‘‘ Small-mouthed Flounder,” as having been trawled in 15 fathoms
on sand and shell off Hummocky Island, and it is specially mentioned that the
maxillary does not reach the eye; of the second two examples are recorded from
24 fathoms on fine sand off Cartwright Point; it is noted as the ‘‘ Yellow
Flounder’’ and as being destitute of ocelli or spots of any kind.

But few of these valuable food-fishes find their way to the tables of our
consumers owing to the inefficient means of capture at our command, since it
is not often that they approach so closely to the shore as to come within the
scope of the seine-net, and the only others that are taken are the accidental
captives of hook and line, mostly the spoil of the amateur angler. That, however,
with the introduction of proper appliances—the more important of which
would be the trawl-net and the boulter—our market supply of these delicious
fishes might be materially increased, is evident from the fact that the number
of specimens captured, during the necessarily sporadic and tentative operations
of the Endeavour when on our coast, closely approached 500, most of which
were in good condition and of marketable size. It is therefore quite within the
bounds of probability that the day may not be far distant when the fiounder
and the sole may occupy their proper place on the daily bill of fare.

There is often: considerable difficulty in distinguishing from outside
characters alone the species of this genus, the one from the other, the general
pattern of coloration being very similar in all; in some eases of course, such
as that of our “‘ twin-spot flounder’’—much the handsomest of our species—this
is unmistakable. The grouping of the larger ocellated spots gives some guidance,
-but I have not sufficient examples on hand to determine definitely whether this
character be dependable. Of purely structural characters, in addition to the’
dentition, the relative depth of the body and the size of the gape—as shown
by the length of the maxillary—may afford valuable assistance, but according

1 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv, 1905, p. 25.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES — OGILBY. 45

to my experience the form and number of the gill-rakers provides the most
reliable character for the separation of our species, as they differ to an extra-
ordinary degree inter se. This fact was first noted by the author (loc. cit.)
when comparing the gill-rakers of his P. nove-cambrie with those of P.
multimaculatus as described by Günther, and was afterwards made good use
of by Waite in diagnosing his P. tenuirastrum.

SYNOPSIS OF THE PSEUDORHOMBI OF MORETON BAY.
a'. Seales of eyed side etenoid, of blind side eycloid.
b!. No enlarged teeth in either jaw ; depth of body 1.83, length of head
3.55 in length of body ; depth of peduncle 5.33 in that of body ;
scales in 66 transverse series; D. 71; A. 54; gill-rakers rather
long and slender, 14 on lower branch of anterior arch .. .. 1. elevatus.
c!, Enlarged teeth present in both jaws.
d‘. Depth of body about 1.95, length of head about 3.6 in length
of body ; depth of peduncle 4.75 in that of body ; scales
in about 85 transverse series; D. 71 or 72; A. 54 to 56 2. russellii.*
d?. Depth of body 2.02 to 2.28, length of head 3.22 to 3.42 in
length of body ; depth of peduncle 4.15 in that of body ;
scales in about 76 transverse series ; D. 73 to 77; A. 56
to 59.. ie ae n Sa T =a .. 38. polyspilos.
c*. No enlarged teeth in either jaw.

e1. Length of head 3.5 in that of body ; depth of peduncle 3.9
in that of body ; scales in about 71 transverse series ;
D 67 to 70; A. 50 to 55; gill-rakers short and broad,
7 to 9 on lower branch of anterior arch .. ia .. 4. nove-cambric.
-e?. Length of head 3.3 in that of body ; depth of peduncle 4.7
in that of body ; scales in 82 transverse series; D. 75;
A. 63; gill-rakers shorter and broader, 10 on lower
branch of anterior arch Žž .. A n nie .. 5. cartwrighti.

e”. Length of head 3.4 in that of body ; depth of peduncle 3.7
in that of body; scales in 84 transverse series; D. 64;
A 53; gill-rakers rather long and slender, 10 on lower
branch of anterior arch .. ae Sr E .. 6. anomalus.

a?. Scales cycloid on both sides ; no enlarged teath cn either jaw ; depth of
body 2.2 to 2.4, length of head 4.25 in length of body; depth of
peduncle 3.65 to 4 in that of body; scales in 762 transverse series ;
D. 75 or 76; A. 60 or 61; gill-rakers rather long and slender, 12 on
the lower branch of the anterior arch 24 ae S .. 7. tenuisratrum.

PSEUDORHOMBUS ELEVATUS sp. nov.
r Deep Flounder.

Depth of body 1-83, length of head 3-55, of caudal fin 4-68 in length
of body. Length of snout 3-37, diameter of eye 3-88, length of maxillary 2, of
mandible 1-81, of left pectoral 1-44, of left ventral 2-43 in length of head.

1 Fide Bleeker. 2 Waite counts 91.

46 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Body ovate, its dorsal contour more elevated than that of our other species,
so that the rostro-caudal line passes well below the lateral line; profile of head
and nape from in front of the upper eye evenly and rather strongly convex, of
mandible anteriorly truncate and vertical, inferiorly linear and declivous;
caudal peduncle short, its depth 5-33 in that of the body. Snout a little shorter
than the eye, its profile subvertical in front, bent sharply backwards above, the
rostro-frontal notch deep; mental knob well developed and acute, as also is the
articular. Mouth strongly arched, the jaws equal; maxillary extending to
below the middle of the eye, its distal border truncate or feebly undulous, with
a distinctly backward slope, its width 1-42 in the eye-diameter. Eyes on the
same vertical plane; interorbital region reduced to a narrow sharp elevated
ridge, rising to slightly above the level of the eye. None of the teeth enlarged;
shaft of vomer with two large conical tooth-like processes, the posterior the
larger.

Seales in 66 transverse series above the lateral line, those of the colored
side ciliated, of the blind cycloid; maxillary scaly; a row of scales along each
of the vertical fin-rays, except a few anteriorly and posteriorly. Depth of lateral
line curve 2-74 in its length and 1-1 time the eye-diameter; the nuchal branch
extending to the base of the seventh dorsal ray.

Doi, A 54. C15. Poy Wy 6:

Dorsal originating on the blind side in front of the upper eye, the
anterior rays only connected at the base, those of the anal similarly free. Caudal
subeuneate. Left pectoral with oblique base, the upper middle rays the longest,
reaching slightly beyond the curve of the lateral line, its insertion on the same
plane as that of the right pectoral, the length of which is but 1-65 in that of the
left. Ventrals well developed, that of the colored side inserted rather nearer
to the abdominal ridge and notably anterior to the right fin, with which it is
subequal in length, and which reaches to the first anal ray.

Gill-rakers of moderate length and slender, fully denticulated, 14 on the
lower branch of the anterior arch.

Upper surface sandy brown with a large dark spot behind the angle of
the lateral line and five series of inconspicuous ocelli, two above one on and two
below the lateral line. Iris blue above, silvery below. Vertical fins with rather
faint dark spots at intervals of about eight rays; caudal with some small spots
distally and an upper and lower ocellus mesially; pectoral and ventral fins
immaculate (elevatus, raised up: in reference to the height of the dorsal profile).

Described from a specimen, 142 millim. long, taken at Bulwer, Moreton
Bay, by Mr. James Palmer, and presented by him to the A.F.A.Q. Museum.
Cat. No. 17138.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 47

At first I had hopes that this species would prove to be the missing

Pseudorhombus multimaculatus Günther, with which it agrees in the excep-

tional depth of the body, the shape of the interorbital region, the form and

length of the gill-rakers, etc., but the remaining characters seem to show econ-.

clusively that my hopes were futile, and that Gtunther’s species, if Australian,
remains as heretofore a desiderate in all the Museums of the Commonwealth.

PSEUDORHOMBUS CARTWRIGHTI sp. nov.
Cartwright’s Flounder.
Depth of body 2-08, length of head 3-31, of caudal fin 5-17 in length
of body. Length of snout 4-41, diameter of eye 6-25, length of maxillary 2-14,
of mandible 1-9, of left pectoral 1-87, of left ventral 3-12 in length of head.

Body ovate, its anterior upper profile gently rounded and but moderately
declivous, the dorsal contour so little elevated that the rostro-dorsal line passes
almost directly along the middle of the side; caudal peduncle short, its depth
4:7 in that of the body. Snout long, 1:42 time the eye-diameter, its profile
obtusely angulated in front of the ee eye, the rostro-frontal notch con-
spicuous; profile of mandible anterioriy truncate and vertical, inferiorly linear
and rather strongly declivous, with a slight concavity behind the mental knob,
which is well developed and somewhat obtuse, as also is the articular knob.
Mouth moderately arched, the jaws subequal; maxillary extending to below the
middle of the eye, its distal border feebly convex and sloping well backwards,
its width but little less than the eye-diameter; mandible reaching slightly
beyond the maxillary. Lower eye slightly in advance of the upper, its diameter
1-5 in the length of the snout; interorbital region reduced to a narrow naked
sharp ridge, which rises well above the level of the eye. None of the teeth
enlarged.

Seales in 82 transverse series above the lateral line, those of the eolored
side smooth and ciliated, of the blind side cycloid; posterior half of left
maxillary scaly; a row of scales along each of the vertical fin-rays, except some
of the anterior and posterior ones. Depth of lateral line curve 2-69 in its
length and 1-27 time the eye-diameter, the nuchal branch extending to the base
of the ninth ray. )

Datos AL Gos Oy 15s Tk: WG.

Dorsal originating on the blind side of the rostro-frontal notch. Caudal
subeuneate. Left pectoral with slightly oblique base, the upper rays longest,
just reaching the straight part of the lateral line, its insertion slightly higher
than that of the right pectoral, the length of which is 1:29 in that of the left.
Ventrals well developed, that of the colored side inserted rather nearer to
the abdominal ridge and a little anterior to the right fin, which is sshenily the
longer and reaches to the third anal ray.

1 Brit. Mus. Catal. Fish., iv, 1862, p. 427.

48 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Gill-rakers very short broad and strongly compressed, the tips denti-
culated, 10 on the lower branch of the anterior arch.

Lavender gray, tinged with pale brown, most of the scales with narrow
darker edges; body with numerous dark ovate annuli of variable size; six of
these are larger than the others and than the eye-diameter; included within
them are a pair of still darker spots, usually with a whitish centre and numerous
smaller gray spots; these annuli are fairly constant in position and are arranged
in pairs; the upper of the anterior pair is situated in the angle formed by the
eurved and straight portions of the lateral line, the lower below and behind
the end of the pectoral; the second pair are similarly transverse in position and
are situated somewhat nearer to the head than to the caudal fin; the third
pair are smaller and are placed horizontally on the lateral line; the remaining
annuli are much smaller and are irregularly distributed. Head paler than
the body and with a few still smaller annuli and ocelli, the snout and lips
yellowish gray freckled with pale brown; edge of premaxillary darker brown.
Vertical fins closely speckled with pale brown and with a few scattered ocelli;
a transversely arranged pair near the base of the caudal; left pectorals and
ventrals with numerous small light brown spots.

Described from a fine specimen, 296 millim. long, purchased in the:
Brisbane Market from a basket of fishes seed in Moreton Bay during September,
1911; Cat. No. 1647.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this fine flounder to my friend
Capt. George H. Cartwright, late of the F.I.V. Endeavour, to whose untiring
zeal and energy and excellent seamanship all such success as that vessel achieved
during her sojourn in Queensland waters is wholly due.

PSEUDORHOMBUS ANOMALUS sp. nov.
Ocellated Flounder.
Depth of body 2-15, length of head 3-41, of caudal fin 4-64 in length of body.
Length of snout 4-15, diameter of eye 5, length of maxillary 2-43, of mandible
1-94, of left pectoral 1-6, of left ventral 2-31 in length of head.

Body ovate, the contour of the nape very feebly convex, of the mandible
linear, rather strongly oblique anteriorly, much less so inferiorly; caudal
peduncle short, its depth 3-72 in that of the body. Snout gibbous above, the
rostro-frontal notch well developed ; mental knob small. Mouth strongly arched,
the lower jaw the longer; maxillary extending to below the middle of the eye,
its distal border truncate with a strong backward slope, its width 1-51 in the
eye-diameter. Lower eye conspicuously more anterior than the upper, the
diameter of which is 1-21 in the length of the snout; interorbital ridge sharp,
but low and not rising to the level of the eye. None of the teeth enlarged.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 49

Seales in 84 transverse series above the lateral line, those of the colored
side ciliated, of the blind cycloid; left maxillary with three minute scales
superiorly on the dilated portion, the right naked; dorsal and anal fins without
interradial rows of scales. Depth of lateral line curve 2-3 in its length and 1-1
in the eye-diameter ; nuchal branch extending to the base of the eighth dorsal ray.

D. 64; A, 53; C. 15; P. 12/12; V. 6/6.

Dorsal originating on the blind side in front of the outer border of the
upper eye, the tips of the anterior rays free for more than half their length,
those of the anal similarly but not so extensively free. Caudal fin broadly
rounded. Left pectoral with oblique base, the upper middle rays the longest,
reaching five eighths of an eye-diameter beyond the curve of the lateral line,
its insertion much higher than that of the right pectoral, the length of which
is 1-42 in that of the left. Ventrals well developed, that of the colored side
inserted much nearer to the abdominal ridge, but on the same plane as the right
fin, which is a little the shorter and reaches to the second anal ray.

Gill-rakers rather long and slender, smooth except the anterior three on
the lower limb, which are subclaviform and feebly serrulate distally; 10 on the
lower branch of the anterior arch, the longest 2-3 in the eye-diameter. Vent
opening on the summit of a conspicuous papilla on the blind side immediately
in advance of the anal.

Chocolate-brown, the body profusely ornamented with round and oval
black annuli, irregularly disposed and variable in size, but all containing a more
or less central black spot, which corresponds in size to that of the enclosing ring.
Head with a few black spots, but without annuli. Vertical fins flecked and
speckled with black (anomalus ; deviating from the normal habit of the genus).

Described from a Moreton Bay specimen, measuring 142 millim. Catalogue
number 1908.

LOPHONECTES GALLUS Giinther.'

While searching for suitable examples of fishes for exhibition in the
Queensland Museum, I had occasion to examine the contents of a bottle con-
taining a number of small Pseudorhombi from Moreton Bay. Among these I
found a rather dilapidated specimen of this southern fish. Its presence on the
Queensland Coast had however been previously known to me, since 12 examples
had been trawled in 13 fathoms off South Hill in the course of the last haul made
by the Endeavour on 6th September, 1910.

1 Zool, Challenger, i, 1880, Shore Fish., p. 28.
D

50 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

CHEILODIPTERIDA.

AMIA BERTHZ Ogilby.'

In the Leftwich collection above referred to (v. p. 21) a second specimen
of this beautiful ‘‘perecelle’’ occurs, and is noteworthy in that it increases the
recorded range of the species from Dunk Island southward to Wide Bay. The
example has been deposited in the State Museum.

SERRANIDA.
EPINEPHELUS FLAVOCGERULEUS (Lacépéde).*

The fish described by De Vis as Homalogrystes luctuosus? is identical
with the above.

EPINEPHELUS HOEDTII Bleeker.+

This handsome ‘‘rock cod’’ occurs sporadically in Moreton Bay, but
always of large size, the smallest which I have had the opportunity of measuring
being 32 inches long, while one which I saw in the Brisbane Market could not
have been less than four feet. During the last week in May 1907 several speci-
mens of this fish were noticeable in the Brisbane shops on account of their large
size and conspicuous appearance. From that date none were in evidence until
the winter of 1910, when a few examples appeared in the shops; since then
it has not reappeared. From these data it may be inferred that it is only an

occasional visitor to our shores during the winter months.

KYPHOSIDA.

KYPHOSUS GIBSONI sp. nov.

Banded Drummer.

Depth of body 2-33, length of head 4-2, of caudal fin 3-65. of pectoral
6-25, of ventral 6-5 in length of body. Length of snout 3-05, diameter of eye
3-9, width of interorbit 2-1, longest dorsal spine 2-15, longest anal 3-9 in
length of head.

Body deeply ovate, the dorsal contour rather more arched than the
ventral; caudal peduncle one third longer than deep, its least depth 4-25 in the
depth of the body. Upper profile of head sublinear and moderately declivous,
the snout anteriorly convex and strongly declivous. Diameter of eye 1:3 in

1 Ann. Queensl, Mus., pt. 10, 1911,.p. 47, pl. v, fig. 1.

2 Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 1802, p. 367.

3 Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vil, 1882, p. 369.

+ Nat. Tijds. Nederl. Ind., viii, 1855, p. 406: Amboina—id., Atlas Ichth., vii, 1876, p. 45,
pl, celxxxii, fig. 2.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 51

the length of the snout, 1-1 in the depth of the cheek below it, and 1-85 in
the strongly convex interorbital width ; lower jaw included; maxillary extending
to below the anterior border of the eye, the width of its distal extremity 2-66
in its length. Incisors strong, mie ; tongue smooth. Preopercle and supra-
scapula feebly serrated.

Seales, 127321; L.l. 54. Cheek-scales in 8, opercular in 11 series;
preorbital and maxillary sealy.

Dm Tey Asi 12s P18.

Soft dorsal rather longer than the spinous; dorsal spines rather weak,
increasing in length to the seventh, the last a little longer than the fourth and
about as long as the subequal soft rays. Caudal lunate. Anal originating below
the third dorsal ray, its length equal to the soft portion of the dorsal; third
spine longest, half the length of the anterior rays, which are 1-55 time that of
the last rays and somewhat higher than the spinous dorsal. Pectoral pointed,
inserted rather more horizontally than vertically, scarcely extending backward
beyond the vertical from the axil of the ventral. Ventral inserted well behind
and a little shorter than the pectoral, the first ray longest, reaching midway
between its origin and the base of the third anal spine.

Gill-rakers much shorter than the gill-fringes, 21 on the lower branch of
the anterior arch, mostly with but a slight downward gradation from the angle,
the longest half of the eye-diameter.

Upper surface plumbeous, each of the scales with a narrow lighter border,
which posteriorly dilates to form a silvery spot; on the sides the lighter shade
predominates, leaving only a darker border to each scale, even this on the abdo-
minal region being nearly, on the pectoral and thoracie wholly lost, these latter
regions being uniform lavender with a mesial stripe of dull white; sides with
8 bronze-gold bands, about a third of a scale in width, and confined to the upper
and lower edges of the mid-lateral series of scales. Cheeks and opercles viola-
ceous, crossed by two broad bronze-gold bands, the upper from the eye to the
opercle, the lower from behind the angle of the mouth to the preopercle; lower
lip and chin lavender with a blackish border. Iris purple, with a broad upper
golden and lower silvery outer edge. Spinous dorsal violet; soft dorsal, anal,
and caudal plumbeous, the lobes of the latter lighter; pectorals blue-gray, with
a broad lighter terminal border ; ventrals violet.

Type in the Queensland Museum: Cat. No. I. 11/30.

Deseribed from a specimen, 431 millim. long, taken in Moreton Bay by
Mr. W. Gibson, to whom I have much pleasure in dedicating the species.

or
bo

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

This species differs from A. sydneyanus' in the number of soft dorsal and
anal rays, the scale formula, the deeper body and longer head, etc., but, except
in coloration, the differences between it and K. meridionalis? are not nearly so-
marked; it may be, therefore, that two species occur on the New South Wales
Coast and have been confused together, in which case this fish should perhaps
be called Kyphosus meridionalis; the figure given by me? is as high or higher
than the Moreton Bay specimen. Its nearest ally appears to be K. lembus.*

SPARIDAL.

LETHRINUS LATICAUDIS Alleyne & Macleay.

Lethrinus laticaudis Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, i, 1877, p. 276, pl. viii, fig.

2: Percy Islands.

Gibbous-fronted Emperor.

Depth of body 2 to 2-2, length of head 2-5 to 2-8, of caudal fin 3-5, of
pectoral 2-8, of ventral 3-15 to 3-3 in length of body. Length of snout 1-75,
diameter of eye 3-85, width of interorbit 4 to 4:2, depth of preorbital 2-6 to 2-66,
length of maxillary 2-75 to 3, of mandible 2-25, longest dorsal spine 2.5 to
2:65, longest anal 2-8 in length of head.

Body elevated, the dorsal contour strongly arched, its depth about one
fifth more than the length of the head, caudal peduncle a little longer than
deep, its least depth 3 in the depth of the body. Head rather longer than deep,
its upper profile from above the posterior nostril linear and moderately acclivous,.
the nape convex; snout obtusely pointed, with concave anterior profile, the inter-
nasal region conspicuously swollen; eye large, its diameter 2-2 in the length
of the snout and 1-5 in the depth of the preorbital; interorbital region feebly
convex, its width a little less than the eye-diameter. Jaws equal; maxillary not.
extending to the vertical from the anterior border of the eye. Canines moderate;
the 4 posterior lateral teeth with rounded crowns. Hinder limb of preopercle
subvertical, with a feeble backward inclination; opercle with a spinous point.

Seales 5/45 or 46/16. Postocular region with 2, parietal with 1 or 2 series.
of scales; lateral line rather strongly curved downwards below the middle of the
soft dorsal; 1 or 2 tubular scales on the base of the caudal,

Dose AS nr se 724s.
Dorsal spines strong, the first 1-33 to 1-45 in the second and 1-85 to 2:33.

in the fourth and fifth, which are the longest; last spine longer than the penulti-
mate; soft portion of dorsal higher than long, rounded behind, the fourth ray

1 Pimelepterus sydneyanus Günther, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xviii, 1886, p. 368.
2 Pimelepterus meridionalis Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1886, p. 539.

3 Ogilby, Edib. Fish. & Crust. N.S. Wales, pl. xvi.

+ Pimelepterus lembus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vii, 1831, p. 269: Vanicolo.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES—OGILBY. 53

longest, not much longer than the fifth, and 1-33 to 1-45 time the longest spine.
Caudal emarginate, with broadly rounded lobes, the middle rays about 1-5 in
the upper lobe. Anal originating below the last (or penultimate) dorsal spine,
rounded posteriorly, the third spine longest, 1-33 in the second and longest ray,
which equals the length of the fin and is somewhat lower than the soft dorsal.
Pectoral pointed, a little shorter than the head, the second ray much the
strongest but not so long as the third and fourth, which extend to the vertical
from the third anal ray. Ventral inserted mostly behind the pectoral, the spine
rather weak, half or rather more than half as long as the first ray, which is more
or less produced and extends to the third spine or second ray of the anal.

Brown or purplish brown above shading into pearl gray or lavender
below, each of the upper scales with a darker, of the lower with a lighter median
spot. Naked portion of head fulvous. Fins hyaline, except the naked part of
the caudal, the proximal half of which is purple.

Length of body 235 millim.
Coast of Queensland north from the Percy Islands.

Described from two specimens, measuring 266 and 302 millim., collected
by the late Mr. Kendal Broadbent at Cape York and Murray Island respectively.

I do not think there can be any doubt of the identity of these two
specimens with that of Alleyne and Macleay, notwithstanding that there are
two grave discrepancies between our respective descriptions—namely, in the
type specimen (now in the Macleay Museum, Sydney University) the head is
said to ‘‘four times in the total length’’ and the diameter of orbit ‘‘much
less than the distance between the eyes.’? With regard to the former character
the exact length of the head to the total length in my specimens is as 1 to 3:24
and 1 to 3-28, while in Macleay’s plate it is as 1 to 3-6, which figures greatly
reduce the discrepancy. Verification of second controversial character can only
be made from an examination of the type.

The species is very closely allied to Lethrinus hypselopterus Bleeker.

The specimens are in the collection of the Queensland Museum. Cat.
No. I. 11/33.?

1 Ned. Tijds. Dierk., iv, p. 326.

2? Since writing the above Mr. McCulloch has kindly examined the type of LD. laticaudis,
and advises me that the true measurements of the head are as follow—‘“‘length of head 2.8 in
that of body, 3.4 in that to the end of the middle caudal rays, and 3.5 in the total length.” He
also states that ‘‘ the bony interorbital width equals the bony orbit, is a little wider than the
actual eye-opening,” and that “the preorbital is 2.66 in the head.” These corrections bring
my specimens within measurable distance of L. laticaudis, with which I therefore identify them.

54 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

CHATODONTIDA.

CHAETODON FALCULA Bloch.’
The species described by De Vis as Chetodon aurora? is identical with the
above.
CHZAETODON CITRINELLUS Cuvier & Valenciennes.*
Chetodon nigripes De Vis* can not be separated from this species.

CH TODON PELEWENSIS Kner.*®
Antedates Chetodon germanus De Vis.’

HOLACANTHUS CYANOTIS Günther.”

Holacanthus spynx De Vis? only differs from the above in the absence
of the blue markings; I do not think they can be separated specifically on such
slight grounds.

All four of these types have been mounted and are now in a most wretched
condition.

FAMILY SIGANIDA.
SIGANUS CONSOBRINUS sp. nov.

Teuthis albopunctatus Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, i, 1877, p. 338: Cape
Grenville—Macleay, ibid., v, 1881, p. 443. After Giinther—Saville-Kent, Great Barrier Reef,
1893, p 286. Not Amphacanthus albopunctatus Schlegel 1845.

Queensland Spine-Foot.°

Plate 13.
Depth of body 2-64 to 2:75," length of head 4-1 to 4-22, of caudal fin 3-85
to 4-04, of pectoral 5-21 to 5-28, of ventral 7-44 to 7-6 in length of body. Length
of snout 2-23 to 2-38, diameter of eye 3-67 to 3-87, width of interorbit 3-39 to
3-58, of preorbital posteriorly 6-96 to 7-28, depth of cheek 4 to 4-4, longest
dorsal spine 1-62 to 1-83, longest anal 2-02 to 2-1 in length of head.

1 Ausl. Fisch.,. x, 1797, p. 102.

* Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S. Wales, ix, 1884, p. 453.

3 Hist. Nat. Poiss., vii, 1831, p. 27.

* Thid.

5 Sitzb. Akad. Wien, lviii, 1868, p. 306.

° Ibid., p. 454.

7 Brit. Mus. Catal. Fish., ii, 1860, p. 517.

§ Tbid., p. 457.

° In my recent list of the ‘‘ Edible Fishes of Moreton Bay and its Affluents ” (see Rep.
Mar. Dept. Queensl., 1911, App. 7, p. 15), published with a view to systematizing the popular
names of our fishes and bringing into existence some kind of uniformity in this respect among
the different States of the Commonwealth, I gave to this fish the common market name of “ Butter
Fish ’’—so called because of its smooth slippery skin—, but as that name is given to several
distinct species of fishes in the older States, it is necessary to adopt a new appellation, suitable
to all the fishes of the family, and I therefore propose the above name—Siganide, The Spine-

Foots—as being both distinctive and appropriate, and not elsewhere employed so far as I'am
aware. t i

10 Depth of body 3.3 to 3.42 in total length.

QUEENSLAND FISHES. Prate 13

Siganus consobrinus Ozilby. Drawn from type: } reduction.
D. B. Fry, del. Face paze 54.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 55

Body subovate, its depth about 1-54 time the length of the head; mesial-
length of caudal peduncle equal to or rather more than the length of the snout.
Fronto-occipital profile feebly concave; profile of snout feebly concave and
moderately declivous, the fronto-nasal gibbosity conspicuous. Upper lip wide,
the upper lateral edges concave, its symphysial length 1-26 to 1-41 in the eye-
diameter. Eye small, situated well below the cephalic profile, its diameter 1-58
to 1-65 in the length of the snout; a low rough ridge ending in a small spine
above the antero-superior angle of the eye; interorbital region mesially flat,
its width a trifle less than the eye-diameter and 1-67 to 1-81 time the space
between the eye and the closed maxillary. Maxillary extending to or nearly
to beiow the posterior nostril, its distal width 3-2 to 3-45 in the length of the
snout. Nostrils on a level with the upper. half of the pupil, the internasal
space less than that between the posterior nostril and the eye, which equals
the distance of the anterior nostril from the edge of the preorbital. Opercle
with a few feeble subvertical striæ.

D. i+ xiii 10; A. vii 9; P.16; V.i 3i

Spinous dorsal fin with rounded outline, the last spine 1:95 to 2-25 in the
sixth and longest; soft dorsal rounded, the second and third rays longest, 1-12
to 1-33 in the longest spine, its base 2-65 to 2-82 in that of the spinous portion.
Caudal deeply emarginate, with pointed lobes, the upper sometimes the longer,
twice or more than twice as long as the middle rays. Anal originating a little
nearer to the tip of the snout than to the base of the caudal; third spine longest,
-31 to -44 more than the longest ray; base of soft anal 1-3 to 1:35 in that of
the spinous, its height much less than that of the soft dorsal. Pectoral pointed,
its length 1-24 to 1-37 in the head. Ventral inserted, well behind the pectoral,
the space between its origin and the anal 1-6 to 1:68 in its distance from the
tip of the snout, that between its tip and the anal 2-54 to 2-62 in its length.

Vent nearer to the origin of the ventral than to that of the anal.

Olive- or chocolate-brown, darkest above, with some irregular lighter
blotches; back and sides with numerous small close-set light blue spots, which
are as wide or slightly narrower than the interspaces; entire body, or more
usually its lower half only, with much larger scattered dark brown or blackish
spots; a round blackish shoulder spot about as large as the eye usually present.
Upper surface of head dark brown blotched with yellowish green, the sides with
or without blue spots; lips brown or lead blue. Iris pale yellow or silvery,
uniform or brown-blotched. Vertical fins hyaline, the spinous portions with
suffused dusky blotches, the rays of the soft portions, more or less distinctly
zoned with purplish brown and gray, the darker color sometimes encroaching
on the membrane; caudal olive-green, the lobes deeply glossed with yellow,
the outer ray above and below with alternate black and gray patches, sometimes
with one or more inconspicuous darker cross-bands; pectorals uniform pale

56 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

yellow or gray, with a blackish basal blotch; ventrals dusky, or hyaline with
dusky blotches (consobrinus, a cousin; on account of its close relationship to
S. albopunctatus).

Deseribed from three Moreton Bay specimens, measuring between 228 and
236 millim. Type in the Queensland Museum; Reg. No. I. 291.

SIGANUS AUROLINEATUS sp. nov.
Golden-banded Spine-Foot.
Depth of body 1:97, length of head 3-7, of caudal fin 4-17, of pectoral
4-48, of ventral 5-65 in length of body. Length of snout 1-96, diameter of eye
3:33, width of interorbit 3-27, of preorbital posteriorly 3-81, depth of cheek 3-08,
longest dorsal spine 1-9, longest anal 1-82 in length of head.

Body ovate, its depth about 1-87 time the length of the head; mesial length
of caudal peduncle 1-89 in the length of the snout. Fronto-oeccipital profile
feebly concave; profile of snout feebly concave and strongly declivous, without
conspicuous fronto-nasal gibbosity. Upper lip of moderate width, the upper
lateral edges linear, its symphysial length 1-71 in: the eye-diameter. Eye
moderate, situated slightly below the cephalic profile, its diameter 1-7 in the
length of the snout; supraorbital edge feebly serrated anteriorly, the posterior
denticle the longest; interorbital region evenly convex, its width equal to the
eye-diameter, and 1:16 time the space between the eye and the closed maxillary.
Maxillary extending to below the posterior nostril, its distal width 4-08 in the
length of the snout. Nostrils on a level with the lower fourth of the eye, the
internasal space less than that between the posterior nostril and the eye, which
again is less than that between the anterior nostril and the edge of the
preorbital. Opercle vertically striated.

Di xiiil0; A. vii9; P.17; V.i3i.

Spinous dorsal fin with undulous outline, the spines increasing in length
to the seventh, which is but little longer than the last, this exceeding in length
the intervening spines; soft dorsal acutely pointed, the third and fourth rays
longest, one third more than the longest spine, its base 2-41 in that of the
spinous portion. Caudal emarginate, with subequal pointed lobes, the middle
rays 1-37 in the upper. Anal originating a little nearer to the tip of the snout
than to the root of the caudal, the spines increasing in length to the last, which
is slightly more than the longest dorsal spine and 1-32 in the third and longest
ray; margin of soft anal obtusely pointed, its base 1-45 in that of the spinous
portion, its height a little more than that of the soft dorsal. Pectoral rounded,
its length 1-21 in the head. Ventral inserted in advance of the middle of the
appressed pectoral, the space between its origin and the anal 1-58 in its distance
from the tip of the snout, that between its tip and the anal 4-2 in its length.

1 Depth of body 2.45 in the total length.

GN SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 57

Vent midway between origin of ventral and anal.

Chocolate-brown with several narrow orange bands along the sides of
the body. Head lighter, apparently with two orange bars, enclosing a pale
greenish yellow interspace, extending from the rictus to the lower border of
the eye, the upper bar forked posteriorly. Fins immaculate, with the exception
of a few brown spots near the tips of the middle caudal rays! (aurum, gold;
lineatus, banded).

Described from a single example, 184 millim. long, collected at Somerset,
North Queensland, by the late Mr. Kendal Broadbent. Type in the Queensland
Museum; Reg. No. I. 449.

The nearest ally of this species appears to be the Amphacanthus lineatus?
of Cuvier and Valenciennes, obtained by Messrs. Quoy and Gaimard from the
seas of Vanicolo and New Guinea. The description given by Valenciennes, and
copied by Giinther,’® is wholly inadequate to determine the species accurately,
but one character, the size of the head, is so conspicuously different that I
think it advisable to keep the two species distinct until fresh specimens can
be obtained from the type localities. This should not be difficult since
Valenciennes states that it is ‘‘common at Vaniecolo,’’ and North Queensland
collectors should be able to find it in our waters. The French author gives the
head, in specimens of about the same size as ours, as being 4-5 in the total
length in his Siganus lineatus in S. aurolineatus it is but 3-7, which is alto-
gether too great a disparity.

LEPTOSCOPIDE.
LEPTOSCOPUS MACROPYGUS Richardson.

This species is now for the first time recorded from Queensland waters.
It appears to be not uncommon in the rock-pools about Cape Moreton and
Point Lookout, from which localities I have received it on three separate
occasions.

SCOMBRIDAL.

GASTEROCHISMA MELAMPUS Richardson.
During the month of August, 1911, while passing along Queen Street,
my attention was attracted to the dismembered portions of a large fish exposed
for sale in the window of one oi our leading fishmongers. Inquiries of the

1 This specimen has for many years been preserved in diluted methylated spirits and
exposed to a strong light ; it is therefore difficult to say what the original colors may have been.
The specific name by which I have described it was attached to the specimen by Mr. De Vis as
a nom. mus., and it is presumable that the longitudinal body-bands were much more distinct
when he received the specimen than is now the case.

2 Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 1835, p. 130, pl. eclxxxvi.,

3? B.M. Catal. Fish., iii, 1861, p. 322.

58 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

proprietor elicited the fact that the fish was caught in the Bay along with five
similar examples; also that they were quite unknown both to fishermen and
dealers. Unfortunately all six had been cut up and sold before I became aware
of their presence, and I was only able with difficulty to secure the head of this
specimen for the Queensland Museum. This however was quite sufficient to
show that our visitors were of the above species, which is here recorded for the
first time from the Coast of Queensland. All of the six specimens sold in the
Brisbane Market were of large size, measuring from thirty inches upwards.

At the time of this visitation it was also noticeable that fully a dozen
tunnies (Thunnus thynnus) were exposed for sale in the Brisbane Market and
shops, and attracted much attention in the latter from passers-by. One of these
was secured intact for the Queensland Museum. This fish is a very rare visitant
to our shores.

LEIOGNATHID.

LEIOGNATHUS HASTATUS nom. nov.

Equula longispina De Vis, Proc. Linn. Sec. N.S. Wales, ix, 1884, p. 542: Cape York. Not E.
longispinis Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835.

Long-spined Pony-Fish.

Depth of body 2-5,1 length of head 3-5,* of second dorsal spine 1-7, of
second anal 3-4", of caudal fin 3-571 in length of body. Length of snout 2-04,
diameter of eye 3, width of interorbit 3-58, length of nuchal spine 2-33, of
pectoral fin 1-43, of ventral 2-15 in length of head.

Body ovate, the ventral contour a little more arched than the dorsal.
Head a little longer than deep; profile of snout and interorbit obliquely linear,
of occiput and nape slightly convex; mandibular outline feebly concave and
moderately declivous; tip of snout on a level with the middle of the eye, its
length equaling the eye-diameter, which is one sixth more than the interorbital
width. Jaws equal; maxillary extending to below the anterior border of the
eye. Supraorbital ridges smooth, the occipital extensions slightly convergent,
not continuous with the outer nuchal ridges; nuchal spine linear, extending
three fifths of the distance between its base and the dorsal fin; lower limb of
preopercle smooth, the angle somewhat roughened.

Seales distinct; breast scaly. Lateral line ceasing below the middle dorsal
rays.
D. viii 16; A. iii 14; P. 16.
Dorsal spines with fiexible tips, the second much the strongest, smooth,
and greatly produced, reaching when depressed beyond the base of the last ray;
third spine also somewhat produced, a little less than half the length of the

1 Depth of body 3.13, length of head 4.37, of second dorsal spine 2: 13, of second anal 4.26
of caudal fin 4.48 in the total length. ERa

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 59

second, and like the fourth without basal serrature. Second anal spine produced.
stronger and much longer than the third, smooth, and subequal to the third
dorsal spine; third spine feebly serrated at the base. Pectoral as long as the
head in front of the hinder border of the eye. Ventral moderate, not reaching
to the anal, its spine 2-75 in the second anal spine.

Gill-rakers 4 + 14, short and slender, all functional.

Coloration (fide De Vis)—Uniform silvery, the upper lip black.*
Length of body 75 millim.

Coast of North Queensland.

Described from the unique specimen obtained at Cape York, which
forms the type of De Vis’ Equula longispina.

This species differs from Leiognathus fasciatus in its much more slender
habit, scaly breast, incomplete lateral line, ete.

LEIOGNATHUS MORETONIENSIS sp. nov.
Black-banded Pony-Fish.

Depth of body 2-42 to 2-597 length of head 3-44 to 3-62,? of second
dorsal spine 4:04 to 4:23,° of second anal 5-53 to 5:71, of caudal fin 3-5 to
3-822 in length of body. Length of snout 2-77 to 3-21, diameter of eye 2-63
to 2-88, width of interorbit 2-68 to 3, length of nuchal spine 2-04 to 2-33, of
pectoral fin 1-24 to 1-42, of ventral 1-77 to 1-98 in length of head.

Body ovate, the ventral contour slightly more arched than the dorsal.
Head much longer than deep; profile of snout convex, of interorbit and occiput
sublinear and moderately oblique, forming with the rounded nape a long shallow
concavity ; mandibular outline concave and strongly declivous; tip of snout on
a level with the middle of the eye, its length equal to or rather less than the
eye-diameter, which somewhat exceeds the interorbital width. Jaws equal;
maxillary extending to below the anterior border of the eye. Supraorbital
ridges serrulate anteriorly, the occipital extensions parallel, not continuous
with the lateral nuchal ridges, which are serrulate and strongly convergent ;
nuchal spine feebly curved, extending two thirds of the distance between its
base and the dorsal fin; lower limb of preopercle evenly serrulate.

1 This specimen has been for many years exposed to a strong light and may now be described
as “ pale yellow above vertebral line of the body, silvery below. Head yellowish, except the
cheeks, which are brilliantly silvery. Vertical fins hyaline ; caudal, pectorais, and ventrals
yellowish.”

“Depth of body 3 to 3.24, length of head 4.23 to 4.51, of second dorsal spine 5.12 to 5.27,
of second anal 7 to 7.25, of caudal fin 4.44 to 4.76 in total length.

60 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Scales small and inconspicuous ; breast naked. Lateral line ceasing below
the last dorsal rays and composed of about 38 pores.

D. viii 16 or 17; A. iii 14; P. 15.

Dorsal fin originating above the base of the ventral, the spines with
flexible tips; second spine smooth, but little stronger than the third, and
reaching when depressed to the fourth soft ray; third spine 1-12 to 1-18 in the
second and, like the fourth, serrated at the base anteriorly. Second anal spine
longer and much stronger than the third, about as long as the fourth dorsal
spine; third spine serrated basally. Ventral long, not quite reaching to the
anal, its spine 1-60 to 1-72 in the second anal spine.

Gill-rakers 3 + 16, short and slender.

Back and upper sides pale brownish yellow, profusely ornamented with
oblique darker bars and occasionally a few pyriform spots above the iateral
line, and vertical bars with more’or less numerous round spots between it and
the median line of the sides; below this is a wider blackish band, rarely absent,
having a downward curve anteriorly from above the pectorals to the peduncle ;
lower sides, abdomen, and breast silvery, the edges of the thorax black-dotted.
Small blackish dots crowded together on the side of the snout and much more
sparsely scattered over the cheeks and opercles; isthmus smoky yellow. Iris
silvery, with a broad blackish border above. Fins colorless; a narrow blackish
stripe along the base of the dorsal; hinder base of pectoral profusely black-

dotted, but not evident as an axillary spot (morctoniensis, belonging to Moreton
Bay).

Described from two examples, measuring 67 and 81 millim., taken by
seine at Bulwer, Moreton Bay, and forwarded to the A.F.A.Q. Museum by
Mr. James Palmer in May, 1909; Cat. No. 1106. During the operations of the
Endeavour on the Queensland Coast this species was found to be very abundant
in Moreton Bay, 149 specimens being taken in a haul off Moreton Island on the
31st July, 1910, at a depth of 9 fathoms on a muddy bottom.

BLENNIIDÆ..
SALARIAS spp-

` The Queensland Museum has lately acquired from Darnley Island, through
the good services of Mr. J. R. Tosh, several fine specimens of the handsome
S. fasciatus Bloch. An examination of these forces me to the conclusion that
S. lineolatus Alleyne and Macleay cannot be separated from Bloch’s species.
There were also several specimens of the very beautiful form described by the
same authors as S. irroratus ; this appears to be a valid species.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 61

TETRAODONTIDA.
SPHEROIDES TUBERCULIFERUS sp. nov.
Fringe-gilled Toado.
Plate 14, fig 1.

Depth of body 3-21 to 3-33, length of head 2-72 to 3 in length of body.
Greatest depth of caudal peduncle 2:09 to 2-53, width of head 1-05 to 1-13,
length of snout 2-37 to 2-78, diameter of eye 3-38 to 3-57, width of interorbit
6-83 to 8-45, height of dorsal 1-87 to 2-38, of anal 2-56 to 2-77, length of caudal
1-55 to 1-78, of pectoral 1-96 to 2-11 in length of head.

Body robust and depressed, its upper profile gently and evenly rounded
between the occiput and the dorsal fin; greatest depth of peduncle 1-13 to 1-28
in its greatest width and 1-68 to 1-86 in its mesial length from above the end
of the anal, its least depth 1-26 to 1-47 in the eye-diameter. Depth of head
1 to 1-16 in its width, its length a little less to a little more than that of the
trunk. Upper profile of snout linear or feebly convex and declivous, the mouth
well below the level of the eye; chin prominent, its vertical depth 1-65 to 2 in
the length of the snout. Nostrils pierced in a low papilla, rising from an ovate
depression, above the rim of which it is but little perceptible. Eye rather
large, not adnate to the lower lid, and encroaching considerably on the cephalic
profile, its diameter 1:25 to 1-5, the concave interorbital width 2-71 to 3-5 in
the length of the snout.

Skin of head and body more or less coarsely striated, of tail smooth.
Dorsal surface from the occiput to the dorsal fin, throat, and abdomen armed
with coarse spinules as also is a transverse band behind the base of the pectoral ;
upper surface and sides of head, sides of body except where stated, and entire
tail unarmed. Lateral line forming a long gentle curve above the pectoral fin,
between the appressed tip of which and the dorsal fin is a short but somewhat
abrupt downward curve, beyond which it runs straight to the root of the caudal;
an undulous connecting branch across the nape; beyond this the main line curves
gently downwards to the postero-inferior angle of the eye, and crossing the
free lid is continued forwards to a level with the nostril, where it forms a loop,
which, skirting the nasal depression posteriorly, bends backwards and, passing
entirely around the eye, crosses the main line behind the eye and is continued
downwards to the lateral fold; a short subsidiary branch detaches itself from
the nasal loop to pass in front of the nostril, where it ceases. Sides of head
and body with a well-developed fold, which meets across the chin.

62 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Dati Ac Peers C182 Ps 16,

Dorsal and anal fins subfalciform, the length of the former 2-23 to 2-5
in its height; anal originating below the last third of and much smaller than
the dorsal. Caudal fin rounded, with the outer rays slightly produced. Pectoral
fin evenly rounded.

Gill-opening wide, extending a little above and from -06 to -2 more
than the base. of the pectoral, the outer anterior edge bearing 7 or 8 fleshy
tubercles, the inner flap concealed or present only as a short angular projection.

Upper surface and sides lavender-gray closely speckled with brown, the
spots on the head and back much smaller than those on the sides and tail;
lower surface uniform rufous white; young examples with four broad dark
transverse bands, the first linear crossing the occiput, the second curved back-
wards between the bases of the pectorals, the third more feebly curved includes
the base of the dorsal, the last straight across the peduncle; these bands grow
fainter with increasing age, and in our largest example only traces of the last
two remain. Fins uniform yellowish white, the caudal broadly tipped with
blackish brown (tuberculum, a small protuberance; fero, I bear).

Described from three examples, measuring from 113 to 164 millim. The
largest, which is in the A.F.A.0O. Museum, was obtained in Moreton Bay by Mr.
J. H. Stevens, Cat. No. 1514; the smaller of the two others is in the same
Museum, Cat. No. 1799, while the remaining specimen (134 millim.) is now in
the State Museum, Reg. No. I. 405. The two last were forwarded from Wide
Bay by Mr. Fred. Leftwich, to whom, as also to Mr. Stevens, our thanks are here
tendered.

This species may be distinguished from all our other tetraodontids by the
presence of the prebranchial papille.

TROPIDICHTHYID.
EUMYCTERIAS CALLISTERNUS Ogilby.:

The A.F.A.Q. Museum possesses a beautiful specimen of this fish, which
was given to me some ten years ago by Mr. J. R. Tosh, who had captured it
at Southport.

GOBIESOCID A.
LEPADICHTHYS FRENATUS Waite.”

I obtained a single specimen of this sucker adhering to the under side
of a piece of loose coral on Nor-West Islet during the visit of the Endeavour
in 1910. The species had previously been known only from Lord Howe Island.

ı Mem. Austr. Mus., ii, 1889, p. 74, pl. iii, fig. 5.
2 Rec. Austr. Mus., v, 1904, p. 180, pl. xxiv, fig. 2.

QUEENSLAND FISHES.

Fre. 1.—Spheroides tuberculiferus Ogilby. Nat. size from type.
D. B. Fry, del.

Frc. 2.—Antennarius stigmaticus Ogilby. Nat. size from type.
D. B. Fry, del. _ Face page 62.

PLATE

14.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 63

ANTENNARIIDA.
ANTENNARIUS STIGMATICUS sp. nov.
White-spot Angler.

Plate 14, fig. 2.

Depth of body about 1-45," of caudal peduncle 8-9, width of head 2-66,
length of head? 1:54, of caudal fin 4-37, of free pectoral limb 3-81, preanal
length 1-2 in length of body. Width of interorbit 6-75, length of snout 7-43,
of maxillary 2-88, of first dorsal spine 6-5, of third 4, of soft dorsal 1-37, of
anal 2-74, of ventral 3-71 in length of head.

Habit robust. Upper profile from the tip of the snout to the origin of
the soft dorsal gently rounded, its continuity broken by a deep naked transverse
fossa between the second and third dorsal spines. Snout moderately declivous,
its length 2-57 in that of the maxillary; eye small, its diameter 1-56 in the
length of the snout and 1-72 in the convex interorbital width. Mouth vertical;
distal extremity of maxillary obliquely truncated and as wide as the eye; mental
tubercle moderate ; a vertical groove below the eye.

Head and body covered with minute granular scales, each of which bears
‘a bifid or trifid criniform spinule; cutaneous appendages short, more numerous
on the lower surface of the head than elsewhere; each pore of the lateral line
with a bifid filament.

D ati 0. 9; A 7) P10: V6.

Basal tubercle of first dorsal spine small, situated well behind the tip of
the snout, the spine slender and short, terminating in a ciliated tubercle and
extending when depressed to midway between the two posterior spines, its length
rather more than that of the second, which is curvel and mobile, clothed anteriorly
with enlarged spinulose granules, not nearly reaching to the succeeding spine,
and with only an inconspicuous basal membrane; third spine originating behind
the eye, recumbent and immobile, not twice as long as the second, nor extending
to the origin of the soft dorsal; neither of these spines possess terminal filaments.
Length of soft dorsal fin 1-22 time its distance from the tip of the snout; rays
gradually increasing in height to the eighth, which is the longest, 2-44 in the
base of the fin; membrane of last ray reaching to the base of the caudal. Caudal
rounded. Anal fin originating below the ninth dorsal ray, the outer border
obtusely pointed; fourth ray longest, 1-38 in the basal length and 1-23 in the
height of the soft dorsal; membrane of last ray not reaching to the base of the
eaudal, but the rays of both fins when depressed reach well beyond that base.
Pectoral fin extending to the vertical from the vent.

1 The stomach is so much distended that it is only possible to arrive approximately at the
normal depth of the body.
2 From the tip of the snout to the gill-opening.

64 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Anal papilla moderately developed. —

Coloration, after long immersion in alcohol:—Upper surface and sides
dull violaceous brown, shading into yellowish white on the abdominal region;
snout, lips, and a broad band through the eye to the margin of the preopercle
white, the two former brown-dotted; chin and throat like the back; a. large
round white blotch on the middle of the side above the base of the pectoral; a
dark-brown filament at the centre of the blotch. First dorsal spine white, the
two others violaceous; soft dorsal white, with the anterior ray and the base
pale brown; caudal, anal, ventral, and the mner surface of the pectoral fins
white; outer surface of pectorals transversely barred with brown. Inner surface
of mouth uniform gray.

Described from a single specimen, 98 millim. long, obtained in Moreton
Bay. Type in the Queensland Museum. Reg. No. I. 363.

From the enormously distended stomach of this unique example there
was taken a specimen of a Holocentrus measuring no less than 108 millim.,
that is 37 millim. more than the body of its captor not including the tail. The
only signs of gastric action shown by the victim are on the head and caudal
peduncle, where the bones are partly laid bare; the prey must therefore have
been but recently swallowed at the time the fish was captured. When it is
remembered that the Holocentride are covered with a panoply of strong close-set
scales, which make it at any time a matter of difficulty to bend double one of
these fishes, we shall be in a position to realise the enormous power which must
have been exerted by the abdominal muscles of the Antennarius to enable it,
after swallowing its prey, to bring the tail round to a level with the mouth;
in addition one might almost be excused for believing that the long strong and
erectile second anal spine of Holocentrus—which in this example measures 24
millim.—along with the coarse and sharply pointed armature of the head would
have had a deterrent effect upon the angler.

TATHICARPUS MUSCOSUS (Ogilby.)*

Previously known from the type specimen only, which was sent to the
Queensland Museum from Port Curtis by Dr. Graham Butler; two others have
been forwarded to me from Wide Bay by Mr. Fred. Leftwich, to whose collection
I have twice previously had occasion to refer. One of these specimens has been
retained in the A.F.A.Q. Museum, Cat. No. 1733; the second has been transferred
to the State Museum, to take the place of the type, which has unaccountably
disappeared.

1 Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl., xx, 1907 p. 22.

ON SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 65

CERATODONTIDA.
| NEOCERATODUS FORSTERI (Krefit).

Early in October of this year the Queensland Museum became the fortunate
possessor of a beautiful specimen of the “‘ Queensland Lung-Fish,’’ measuring
367 millim. (about 14:45 in.). This is, so far as I know, the smallest specimen
in any museum; always excepting those which were bred from the ova by Mr.
Thomas Illedge. It was presented to the Museum by Dr. Thomas H. May, of
Bundaberg, who reported that it was obtained in Quay street during a heavy
flood. This example has some irregular and crenate black blotches along the

base of the dorsal fin. There are 33 scales on the lateral line.

66 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.*

The Family Trichogrammatide with Descriptions of New Genera and Species.
By A. A. GIRAULT.

THIS paper includes the results of a preliminary survey of the family TRICHOGRAMMATID as found
in Australia. Ten new genera and thirty-nine new species are added to our known forms of the
group. So far, only three genera (and three species) had been recorded from the continent ; herein
are included a total of twenty-two genera and forty-five species. As this research has been confined
within the space of about four and a half months, it probably does not include more than a large
fraction of the forms existing here. The similarity of many of the genera with those of North
America is to be expected from the known facts of geographical distribution of animals but the
significance of this and other data will be discussed elsewhere. The paper is confined entirely
to the systematic results.

All descriptions were made from specimens mounted in xylol-balsam and in normal position.
Duplicate specimens will be deposited in the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.,

U.S.A.
DEDICATION.

I respectfully dedicate this little portion of work to science, common sense or true knowledge.
I am convinced that human welfare is so dependent upon science that civilizations would not
endure without it and that what is meant by progress would be impossible. Also I am thoroughly
convinced that the great majority of mankind are too ignorant, that education is too archaic and
impractical as looked at from the standpoint of intrinsic knowledge. There is too little known
of the essential unity of the universe and of things included, for instance, man himself. Opinions
and prejudices rule in the place of what is true. Of many things, only one can be true and it is
that fact which is being continually ignored by the ordinary man who is content to hold to his
own opinion regardless whether it is right or wrong, to false religions which blind and prejudice
him and to political parties which rule him according to their own particular creed of the moment.
The individual man must be changed through education ; not so much changed as developed
and this depends primarily upon himself. It is a fact that the truly educated man has an enormous
advantage in life as concerns his ability to detect truth. His nervous system is more sensitive
and discriminative and this is very important, since it is through sensation that all knowledge
is obtained. He is apt to be unprejudiced and unopinionated, to be rather simple in his tastes,

* Contribution No. 3, Entomological Laboratory, Sugar Experiment Stations, Mackay, Queensland.

EDITORIAL Note.—In his dedications and allocations of new names, Mr. A. A. Girault has adopted the
somewhat unusual course of introducing philosophical matters of a contentious nature. On these points we
must disassociate ourselves, but there are few, we imagine, who will find fault with his dedications in so far
as they bring before us many illustrious names on the roll of science.—R. HAMLYN-HARRIS.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 67

requiring not more than the necessities of life, finding pleasure in things which are really worth
while and none or but little in things non-essential and superimposed. Too often the graduate
of our schools and colleges is not himself or herself naturally developed, but a mere model moulded
after a certain crude fashion and most probably with all natural tendencies and abilities dwarfed
or badly injured. He or she as concerns the earth upon which a living must be obtained, families
reared and moral and social relations maintained, is but yet a child and has yet to learn from
that greatest of schoolmasters—Experience. How often too late this Master comes is shown
daily in the common experiences of life and the aged vainly try to impress it upon the young,
who cannot be taught but must learn.

I have just chanced upon two sentences of worth. One occurs in William Harvey’s The
Generation of Animals and has application here. Harvey himself is an excellent example of a
man who trusted in his own sensations to know things and who knew of no other authority in
such matters than his own common sense and that of others. His discovery of the circulation
of the blood followed as a matter of course from the rise of his own common sensations in dissecting
bodies while the men of medicine of his time were accepting what others had said centuries
ago, yet performing the same operations as he did. Harvey said, “ The method of investigating
truth commonly pursued at this time therefore is to be held erroneous and almost foolish, in
which so many enquire what others have said, and omit to ask whether the things themselves be
actually so or not.”

A second sentence occurs in one of the works of Francis Galton and also has application
here. Men are extremely variable from their very nature and Galton says “ The moral and intel-
lectual wealth of a nation largely consists in the multifarious variety of the gifts of the men who
compose it, and it would be the very reverse of improvement to make all its members assimilate
to a common type. However, * * * * there are elements, some ancestral and others the
result of degeneration, that are of little or no value, or are positively harmful.” And thus, I take
it, that if education is to be valuable to society—and that is the only reason for its existence—
it should develop rather than mould and development is not an external process but wholly
internal to the individual. The inequalities of humans are natural. The laws of society, the
rules of education do not abolish them but tend rather to ignore. Stripped of all sentiment,
superstition, fancies, dogmas and ancestral prejudices, it must be admitted that ‘men are animals,
subject to natural laws like all other animals ; these laws in general are inevitable ; therefore men
must, like other animals, adapt themselves to them and to all the facts of nature. In so far as
the mass of men are ignorant of the facts of nature, they may be truly said to be backward and
non-adapted. They are not developed and an undeveloped society is in constant,danger from
itself—the individuals are neither adapted to the earth nor to each other. The mass of men are
usually wise enough in a “ worldly ” way in that they know of human frailties, follies, greeds
and passions and are able to maintain themselves, but evolution is a fact and demands more than
this from social animals with such highly developed sensibilities as those possessed by mankind.

68 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.
HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA.

Famity TRICHOGRAMMATIDS Foerster.
SUBFAMILY CHAUSTOSTRICHIN AL Girault,
Trine CHATOSTRICHINI Girault.

Genus BRACHISTELLA Girault.
1. BRACHISTELLA BICOLOR new species.

Female :—Length, 0°75 mm. ; usualin size for the genus. Yellow with a broad black band
across the base of the abdomen.

General color bright pallid lemon-yellow, the proximal half of the abdomen, caudal cox
excepting tip, proximal two thirds of caudal femora, pronotum and a spot on the mesopleurum,.
velvety black. Eyes and ocelli bright red ; proximal club joint dusky ; fore wings sooty out.
as far as the end of the venation but fumated irregularly, a large clear area under the marginal
vein, the fumation accented in two tranverse bands, one at the stigmal vein (fading caudad and
interrupted) and one across the distal end of the submarginal vein. Remaining portions of antenna,
and legs concolorous with the body. Posterior wings slightly fumated across the venation.

Similar to the American species acuminata (Ashmead) but differing as follows : At first in
details of coloration ; thus the abdomen is black at base, not appearing striped all the way down,
the fore wings are fumated proximad (not so in acuminata, though in some cases with that species.
the substigmal spot extends entirely across the wing ; the remaining portion of the wing proximad,
however, remains clear) and the caudal coxee and femora are dusky black, wholly or in part, the:
mesonotum immaculate. Structurally, the fore wings of bicolor differ in that they are somewhat.
narrower, their marginal cilia somewhat longer ; the proximal funicle joint of the antenna is longer.
The posterior wings though similar in shape are much narrower. Otherwise the two species are
the same. In habitus they are very much alike. The mandibles of bicolor are tridentate, the meso-
phragma is present, the strigils absent, the parapsidal furrows complete, the fore wings at their
broadest portion bearing about twenty lines of discal ciliation which is normally arranged, not
in regular lines. The antennz, as usual, apparently* bear two ring-joints and with the exception
of the somewhat longer proximal funicle joint are very similar to those of acuminata.

(From a single specimen, -inch objective, l-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured from the panes of a window in workmen’s:
quarters on a sugar farm near Nelson, N.Q., December 19, 1911.

Habitat : Queensland (Nelson near Cairns).

Type: The single female as above, mounted in balsam and in the Queensland Museum,
Brisbane, No. Hy/774.

* There are two ring-joints.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDIEA—I.—GIRAULT. 69

Genus ABBELLA Girault.
1. ABBELLA SUBFLAVA Girault.

I have a single specimen of this genus which I cannot distinguish from specimens of subflava
excepting as follows :

The general coloration differs in that there is present in the Australian specimen but very
little black, namely only a longitudinal dash leading ventrad and slightly mesad from the ventral
apex of the eyes and along the cephalo-lateral margin of the pronotum ; the distal tarsal joints
are only slightly dusky but the substigmal spot of the fore wing is much darker being velvety
black or sooty in color, only embrowned in subflava. Specimens of subflava frequently lack the
black and I do not consider the difference sufficient to warrant separation.

The specimen from Australia is larger than the American specimens.

This specimen was captured from the windows of an empty dwelling at Herberton, N.Q.,
December 28, 1911. The presence of. subflava in Australia can be readily explained since it is
known to be parasitic on jassid eggs occurring in the straws of that most widely distributed of
plants, cultivated wheat. This crop is grown extensively in Queensland, especially back from the
coast and as I expected, to some extent at Herberton and vicinity. The species of parasite is
widely distributed in the United States of America.

Subsequently a second female was found which had been captured from a window in a
granary on a wheat farm at Roma, Queensland, October 6, 1911 and a third one at Townsville
by sweeping grass, July 11, 1912; the wings of this specimen were missing and the spots on the
abdomen more distinct and larger. |

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Herberton, Townsville and Roma); North America—
District of Columbia, Illinois and Washington.

2. ABBELLA XANTHOGASTER new species.

Female :—Length, 0°70 mm. ; usual in size for the genus.

General color brown, the metathorax and abdomen white tinged with yellowish, the
abdomen with a faint row of dusky spots along its whole lateral aspect ; legs concolorous with
abdomen but the femora are dusky as are also the cephalic coxe ; antennæ brown ; vertex with
some yellow; eyes and ocelli ruby red ; substigmal spot as in subflava ; wings otherwise uniformly
slightly fumated throughout ; venation pallid. Face darker.

The same as subflava except as already indicated in regard to coloration and as follows :
The discal ciliation of the fore wing is finer and somewhat more dense (by about four more lines).
Otherwise I cannot distinguish between them.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—Unknown.

70 3 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Described from a single female specimen captured by sweeping miscellaneous vegetation
in the outskirts of Roma, Queensland, October 5, 1911 (A. A. Girault). It may be a variant of
subflava but I doubt it.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Roma).

Type: The above specimen remounted in balsam from alcohol and in the Queensland
Museum, Brisbane. No. Hy/776.

NEOBRACHISTA new genus.

Female :—Head normal, the ocelli arranged in a small triangle in the centre of the vertex,
the lateral ocelli distant from the eye margins, the antenne inserted below the middle of the face,
8-jointed—scape, pedicel, 2 ring-joints, 1 funicle joint and a 3-jointed club, somewhat as in Ufens
Girault and Brachistella Girault, the funicle joint longer than wide, the scape short, compressed,
swollen ventrad ; pedicel cylindrical oval, longer than wide, like the funicle but slightly longer ;
ring-joints subequal, very short, narrower than the funicle ; club cylindrical oval, the middle
joint the longest of the three, the distal joint not ending in a seta ; pubescence of antennz moderate.
Fore wings moderately broad, moderately broadly rounded, somewhat as in Ufens Girault, only
three or four lines of the discal ciliation regular and distinct, the rest of the ciliation moderately
dense and normal for the Chalcidoidea, the marginal cilia slightly longer than in Ufens, moderately
short, the longest (caudo-distad) not more than an eighth of the greatest wing width ; venation
much as in Ufens, the submarginal vein very long, changing direction slightly distad of its middle,
at the angle thickened and with a prominent spinelike prolongation caudad ; the marginal vein
very short and straight, barely longer than its own width and distinctly much shorter than the
moderately long stigmal vein which has a distinct neck. Posterior wings short and moderately
broad, bearing six lines of discal ciliation. The thorax subequal in length to the abdomen, the
pronotum normal but when extended long and conical, the thorax with complete parapsidal
furrows ; abdomen cylindrical ovate, the ovipositor long, inserted near its base, the tip of its valves
barely projecting beyond the abdomen. Legs normal, the proximal tarsal joint long, distinctly
longer than either of the other two; strigils and also, apparently, cephalic tibial spur, absent.
Oblique line of discal ciliation in the fore wing complete. No median sulcus on thorax (though

apparently so in dried specimens). Mesophragma present. Mandibles tridentate, the two lateral
teeth acute.

Male :—The same as the female but the abdomen is rectangular in shape and somewhat.
depressed, the club joints of the antennze somewhat larger.

A genus in respect to the venation, which casually appears to be bowlike as in Trichogramma,
likely to be somewhat confused with Calleptiles Haliday of the other subfamily. It is closely allied _
with Ufens Girault and Brachista Haliday but differs from all genera of its tribe in bearing
8-jointed antennz with one funicle joint (excepting Brachista) and a very short marginal vein.
Both ring-joints are not always visible and great care must be used in determining their presence.
It may be Brachista Haliday but I doubt it.

Type: The following species.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 71

1. NEOBRACHISTA FASCIATA new species.

Female :—Length, 1:00 mm. ; large for the family.

General color chrome-yellow, the abdomen striped transversely with dusky black (some-
times wholly dusky in dead specimens), the occiput, pronotum and cephalic margin of mesoscutum
dusky, the eyes and ocelli bright garnet, the legs concolorous with body but sometimes the tibiz
and coxe pallid on the cephalic legs, the femora and tibiz of caudal two pairs of legs olivaceous,
the antennz concolorous but tinged with olivaceous, the club dusky ; venation dusky. Wings
hyaline with only very slight traces of fumation under the submarginal vein, very slightly more
noticeable under the angle of that vein. Distal tarsal joints dusky. As many as seven stripes
across the abdomen, the second and third emarginate at the meson.

Thorax lightly, polygonally sculptured, the vertex finely transversely lined ; fore wings
bearing about twenty-two lines of discal ciliation, the posterior wings six lines of which a cephalic
two are paired at the cephalic margin and more distinct, a middle two less distinct and less close
to each other and a paired line near the caudal wing margin, all the lines complete or nearly.
Posterior marginal cilia of caudal wing about a third longer than the longest marginal cilia of the
fore wing and over thrice the length of the cilia of the cephalic margin but still not longer than the
width of the blade of the caudal wings. Pubescence of body very sparse ; four long set arise
from both the mesoscutum and the mesoscutellum. A single straight line of discal ciliation
in the subcostal cell (about 9 cilia) and a slender one leading proximad from the angle of the
submarginal vein (three large cilia plus two minute ones).

(From three specimens, the same magnification.)

Male :—The same, the abdomen black.

Described at first from three female specimens captured from the panes of a window in
workmen’s quarters on a sugar farm, near Nelson, N.Q., March 31, 1912.

Subsequently, a female which I had placed as a new species of Ufens but whose antennze
were not visible, was found ; it was captured by sweeping in a jungle near Cooktown, N.Q., Febru-
ary 2, 1912 and on April 10, 1912 at Nelson near Cairns, one male and two females ; April 17, two
females, all on windows in men’s quarters on a sugar farm; also a male in the same place, April
20 and a female May 18, 1912.

Habitat : Queensland (Nelson near Cairns and Cooktown).

Types: The three females mentioned above (March 31), in the Queensland Museum,
Brisbane, No. Hy/781. One slide.

Genus UFENS Girault.
1. UFENS PICEIPES new species.

Female :—Length, 0°75 mm. ; moderately large for the genus to moderate.
Similar to niger (Ashmead) in all details but differing in having the legs more colored, the
tibiæ dusky black and the femora of all the legs still darker (not the posterior femora only as in

T2 `i. MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

the type species) ; also the distal tarsal joints are dark and sometimes the distal two. In niger—as
mentioned in its original description—the scutellum is orange, not so in this species but here the
vertex and the dorsal half of the face are orange. Tips of tibize, knees and trochanters pallid.
The fore wings are also broader (about 30 lines of cilia across the widest blade portion). Otherwise,
I cannot. distinguish between the two.

(From two females, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from two females captured from the pane of a window in a barn, State Farm,
Roma, Queensland, 6 October, 1911. This is the second Australian species closely allied with
the type species, which, so far, is known to occur only in the United States of America. Subse-
quently, another female was found, taken at the same place, the same time.

Habitat : Queensland (Roma), Australia.

Type : One female in balsam, October 6, 1911, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, No. Hy/777.

2. UFENS FLAVIPES new species.
Female :—Length, 0°75 mm. ; moderate to moderately large for the genus.
Similar to piceipes but all of the tarsi and the tibiz are pale yellowish ; also the cephalic
femora and distal halves (or less) of the other femora. The marginal vein of the fore wing is uni-

form in width, short, barely much more than twice longer than broad. The caudal marginal cilia
of posterior wing are not as long as the greatest width of those wings.

The discal ciliation is less dense, the lines distinct and separate.
(From four specimens, the same magnification.)

Male :—The same, but the antennz 9-jointed, bearing long, scattered hairs, the flagellum
more uniform in width.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)

Described from one male and six female specimens captured from the pane of a window
in men’s quarters on a sugar farm near Nelson, N.Q., December 4,9 and 16, (3 Q’s), 10 (1 2),
1911. Another female December 13, 1911 from a window in the School of Arts at Nelson. Still
another female at Nelson, January 1, 1912 on a window; and another by sweeping floor of forest
along the coast opposite Double Island, near Cairns, December 24, 1911.

Habitat : Queensland (Nelson near Cairns).

Types: No. Hy/778, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one male as above, one female
(Dec. 16), two slides.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—1.—GIRAULT. 73

3. UFENS LUNA Girault. -
Girault, 1911, pp. 198-199.
Perth, West Australia.

4, UFENS HERCULES new species.

Male :—Length, 0°80 mm. ; very broad for the genus, large and robust for the family.
General color deep black, only the base of the abdomen narrowly contrasting and yellow ; vertex
suffused with brown. Wings wholly hyaline ; tarsi, knees and tips of tibia white tinged slightly
with yellowish. Venation black ; eyes and ocelli red. Genitalia concolorous with body. Tip of
antenne slightly more pallid.

Agreeing with piceipes in coloration nearly but the black is deeper; differing from all
species of the genus by its unusually larger size and in the discal ciliation of the fore wing and
the latter’s great width. Thus, as compared in this respect with piceipes, the fore wings in
hercules, though much wider, yet bear less lines of discal ciliation, the ciliation less dense, all the
lines standing out distinctly and separated from each other (about 22 distinct radiating lines) ; also
the marginal cilia of the fore wing in hercules are larger and farther apart ; moreover in the
posterior wing of hercules, which by the way is distinctly broader than in piceipes, the posterior
marginal cilia are distinctly shorter, the longest distinctly not as long as the greatest width of
the blade (distinctly longer in piceipes). From flavipes, besides the obvious differences in colora-
tion and size, hercules differs in bearing a longer marginal vein, more distinct discal ciliation but
nearly the same shaped posterior wing. It falls in between piceipes and flavipes. Mandibles
tridentate. Posterior tibie more hispid than usual.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)
Female :—Unknown.

Described from a single male specimen mounted in balsam and captured from the window
of a carhouse in the railway station at Mareeba, N.Q., January 2, 1912 (A.A.G.).

:- Habitat : Australia—Mareeba, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/779, Queensland Museum, the above male in xylol-balsam (mounted with
single specimens of two species of Aphelinoidea).

DIAGNOSTIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF UFENS GIRAULT.
FEMALES.

I. Posterior wings with only three lines of discal cilia.

1. Fore wings with the discal ciliation dense, the lines close together, a few standing
out peculiarly distinct.

Fore wings moderately broad, bearing about thirty lines of discal cilia ; vertex
orange ; all of the legs black, excepting articulations, tips of tibiz and
two proximal joints of tarsi. Antennal club normal. Longest marginal
cilia of posterior wing longer than the greatest width of the blade .. piceipes Girault.

2. Fore wings with the discal ciliation less dense, allof the lines distinct and separate.
Posterior wings normal, not convexly bevelled off at apex of caudal margin, the
marginal cilia not abruptly shortening there.

7+ MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Marginal vein short, legs mostly pallid, vertex orange or yellow, fore wings
hyaline ; antennal club normal; longest marginal cilia of the caudal
wing subequal to greatest width of the blade .. ae z: .. flavipes Girault.

Marginal vein longer, usual in length ; legs mostly black. A narrow yellow
band across base of abdomen. Fore wings hyaline, broad and pyriform.
Caudal wings broad, distinctly broader than their aci ie cilia.
Large species, antenna normal (male) .. A ve : .. hercules Girault.

Posterior wings more obtuse, bevelled off convexly sanded at tip, at this curve
the marginal cilia abruptly shortening.

Marginal cilia of fore wing very short ; fore wings slightly fumated proximad ;
legs mostly pallid .. z Ay t Hi A ae .. luna Girault.

Genus JAPANIA Girault.
1. JAPANIA TRISTIS new species.
Female :—Length, 0°80 mm. ; large for the genus.

General color black, marked with orange-yellow and whitish as follows : Vertex orange-
yellow ; proximal ends of femora, knees and tips of all tibiz silvery white contrasting with the
blackness of the legs ; proximal two tarsal joints darker but pallid. Antenne and venation
dusky ; eyes and ocelli carmine. Wings hyaline.

Differing from the Chinese species, ovi Girault, in having the valves of the ovipositor slightly
exserted and the tibiz of the legs black except at tip and the cephalic aspect of the head for
the most part black. Also in bearing a longer stigmal vein which here is subequal to the marginal
in length. Fore wings moderate in width, somewhat as in Ufens piceipes but the marginal
cilia are longer, moderately short, the marginai and stigmal veins longer, the discal ciliation
less dense. Fore wings bearing about 18 longitudinal lines of discal ciliation across its widest
blade portion, the ciliation in regular lines; the curved oblique line leading back from the
stigmal vein bearing about six cilia ; fore wings oblately rounded at apex ; stigmal vein long, its
uncus pointing disto-cephalad. Posterior wings rather short and broad, bearing three lines of
discal ciliation, two of which are in the cephalic half of the blade and more distinct than the
third which includes slenderer cilia and the latter are farther apart in the line; marginal cilia
along cephalic margin very short, those at the caudal margin moderate in length, the longest
slightly longer than the greatest width of the blade and about twice the length of the marginal cilia
of the fore wing which are nearly uniform and longest around the apex to the caudal margin ;
marginal cilia at apex of the posterior wing much shorter than the caudal cilia but about
twice the length of the short cephalic marginal cilia. Cephalic margin of posterior wings
straight, the apex obtuse. :

Tarsal joints moderately long, lengthening distad, shorter on the cephalic legs ; tibial spur
single, straight, apparently absent on cephalic legs (the strigil absent), on intermediate legs long
and slender, subequal to the proximal tarsal joint ; short on caudal legs. Parapsidal furrows
complete ; mandibles with at least two teeth. Abdomen slender, conic-ovate, longer than the
head and thorax combined, the ovipositor very long, inserted far up near the base of the abdomen
and a small portion of the tips of its valves is exserted beyond the apex of the abdomen which
is pointed and slender. Ocelli in a line across the vertex.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA-—I.—GIRAULT. T5

Antenne 8-jointed—scape, pedicel, l-ring joint, 2-jointed funicle and 3-jointed club.
Pedicel about half the length of the scape, long-obconic, distinctly over twice the length of the
short funicle, whose two joints are transverse and subequal, each over twice wider than long.
Funicle much shorter than any of the club joints, the latter about subequal in length, the distal
joint conic and somewhat the longest, not terminating in a spine.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen taken from the windows of a foundry at Mareeba,
N.Q., December 26, 1911. The funicle of this species has somewhat the twisted appearance
normal in Ufens but it is very much shorter than in that genus.

Habitat : Queensland (Mareeba).
Type: No. Hy/775, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forenoted female on a slide.

GENUS OLIGOSITA Haliday.
1. OLIGOSITA AUSTRALIENSIS new species.
Fore wings perfectly transparent, hyaline and naked.
Female :—Length, 0°60 mm. ; moderate in size for the genus.

General color uniformly pale lemon-yellow, immaculate, the eyes and ocelli dark reddish,
the tips of the mandibles fuscous. Venation of fore wing more intense in color, the marginal,
stigmal and distal ends of the submarginal veins, intense lemon-yellow. Wings very transparent
and without discal ciliation (4-inch objective), fuscation or substigmal spots. Face slightly
paler. Vertex and distal joint of antennal club slightly dusky.

Fore wings moderately broad and their longest marginal cilia are somewhat shorter than
the wings’ greatest width ; the cilia are long. Stigmal vein short, sessile, bladder-shaped and its
uncus terminal, forming a pointed apex which proceeds cephalo-distad. Parapsidal furrows
complete. Ovipositor not exserted. Posterior wings narrow, bluntly pointed, without discal
ciliation but with very long marginal cilia, those of cephalic margin distad over twice the blade’s
greatest width, gradually lengthening around the apex, along the caudal margin longest, nearly
as long as the longest cilia of the fore wing and about four times the blade’s greatest width. Tarsal
joints of anterior legs moderate in length but much longer than wide, subequal ; in the two pos-
terior pairs of legs, unequal, the proximal joint lengthening and longer than the others. Mandibles
with two distinct, equal, subacute lateral teeth and a third, much smaller one. No strigils. Eyes
naked.’ Antennz 7-jointed, as in the other species ; the single funicle joint is distinctly smaller
than the proximal club joint, while the latter is only three fourths the length of the long pedicel.
Antennal club at apex armed as with sanguinea Girault but the visible and conspicuous seta is
shorter and less noticeable. The posterior femora are somewhat enlarged.

Abdomen long, conic-ovate, the ovipositor long but not exserted.

Male :—Unknown.

76 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Described from a single female specimen captured from the panes of a window in a field
laboratory, established in a room in a hotel at Nelson (Cairns District), N.Q., November 14, 1911.

Habitat : Australia—North Queensland (Nelson).
Type: No. Hy/782, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forenoted female on a slide.

This species differs from all others of the genus so far as known, excepting collina Haliday,
staniforthii Westwood and nodicornis Westwood, by lacking a substigmal spot. Its characteristics
are the immaculate uniformity of coloration, the clear and naked fore wings bearing long marginal
fringes, the shape of the stigmal vein and the very long marginal fringes of the posterior wings,
especially those of the cephalic wing margin (usually very short). The species of course resembles
the American forms closely as regards its habitus but is distinct from any of them.

2. OLIGOSITA AMERICANA (Ashmead) Girault.

I have captured at Roma, Queensland what are undoubtedly two females of this species,
described several years ago from North American specimens (from Illinois, U.S.A.). They were
running over the panes of a window in a barn on the State Farm. Since the latter is devoted to
experimental breeding of wheat and since americana is’ parasitic upon jassid eggs found within
wheat stems, its occurrence here is the more understood but its nativity now becomes somewhat
obscured, if it was not doubtful from the first. Subsequently another dwarfed female was taken
from a window in a wool-house at Brisbane, Queensland, October 3, 1911.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Brisbane and Roma) ; North America.

3. OLIGOSITA MINIMA new species.

Male :—Length, 0°28 mm. ; very small for the genus and minute for the family. General
color uniformly intense lemon-yellow, the legs all pallid yellow, the antennze concolorous with the
body but the distal club joint is dusky. Eyes and ocelli brownish red. Fore wings slightly clouded
out as far as the venation apex and with a distinct comma-like dusky spot involving the stigmal
vein and whose apex is turned.

Differs from all species of the genus in its minute size and in the structure of the fore wing
which has peculiarities not known to. be present in any other member of the genus. Along the
posterior margin of the fore wing at a point just slightly caudad of the apex of the marginal vein
there is a distinct break in the margin made by a re-entering curve, the margin changing from a
convexity to a sloping concave curve, which continues distad until the apical curve of the margin
is reached ; this peculiarity is obscurely indicated in other species (e.g. americana) but here it is
distinct ; it looks as though the wing had been stood upon its edge and a piece sliced off its caudal
margin with a knife. The fore wings are moderate in size, their marginal ciliation long, the longest
(disto-caudad) distinctly longer than the greatest width of the blade (which is just where the curve
of the apex begins) but not very much more so ; the discal ciliation of the fore wing is absent or
nearly but there is a more or less distinct, short line at the cephalic margin from the apex of the

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. ve

marginal vein containing about five cilia ; toward its end it becomes paired, the second line includ-
ing about three cilia ; disto-caudad of its apex are two cilia in a longitudinal line ; otherwise,
cilia apparently absent. Caudal wings are entirely naked discally; their cephalic marginal cilia are
very short, those of the caudal margin moderate in length, the longest about two thirds the length,
or slightly more, of the longest cilia of the fore wings. Marginal and submarginal veins long, sub-
equal, the stigmal vein with a very short neck. Parapsidal furrows complete. Other structural
characters normal for the genus. Tarsal joints moderate, the distal one slightly longest of the
three ; strigil absent. Mandibles distinctly tridentate.

Antenne 7-jointed and normal for the genus; the pedicel is rather long, three fourths
the length of the scape and nearly twice the size of the single funicle joint which is one and two
thirds longer than wide ; proximal club joint transverse, about half the length of the intermediate

joint ; club terminating in several slender setze. Abdomen conical. Mesophragma present. Ring-
: joint very short, inconspicuous.

(From two specimens, }-inch objective, l-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Female :—(See beyond on p. 65).

Described at first from two male specimens mounted in balsam and captured November
27 and 29, 1911 from the foliage of bastard gum in a forest, Nelson, Queensland. (For description
of female see beyond on p. 65.)

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District).

Types: No. Hy/783, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 4 ¢’s, 1 2 in xylol-balsam (1 slide,
30 November, 1911); also 1 ¢, 27 November, 1911 (a total of two slides ; the first also bearing
some eulophids ; the second the type female of Stethynium vesalii Girault and a pair of S. lavoisiert.
Girault, both as yet undescribed).*

4, OLIGOSITA PULCHRA new species.

Female :—Length, 0°50 mm. ; moderately small in size for the genus.

General color sooty black marked conspicuously with intense lemon-yellow as follows :
Most of the head except a sharply delimited area ventrad of the ends of the eyes and including
the mouth ; a conspicuous yellow band about the base of the abdomen and the mesoscutellum.
Legs and antenne greyish dusky, the trochanters, ends of femora and tibiz pallid dusky. Wings.
colored almost as in subfasciatipennis. Venation greyish dusky.

Fore wings moderate in width, not narrow, their greatest width distinctly greater than the
length of their longest marginal cilia which are only about three fourths the length of an
imaginary line drawn through the widest part (about midway between the wing apex and the
apex of the marginal vein). Discal ciliation sparse and short but visible; about seven longitudinal

* Described in Part II., following.

TR MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

lines some of which are straight and regular; beneath the venation absent excepting a line of
three very minute cilia, centrally placed. Stigmal vein with no neck. Caudal wings with the
paired line of the discal cilia cephalad ; normal, their caudal and longest marginal cilia about a
fourth shorter than the longest marginal cilia of the fore wing. Apex of venation of caudal wing

bearing four hooklets.

Mandibles tridentate ; body normal for the genus, the ovipositor not exserted ; tarsal joints
moderate in length. Antenne normal; pedicel much longer than the single funicle joint, which
is wider than long, subhemispherical in shape ; proximal joint of club larger than the funicle joint,
wider than long, the second joint longer and wider, the third and distal joint conical, terminating
in a stout spinelike seta which is rather conspicuous, together with a shorter, less stout and incon-
spicuous one.

(From one specimen, same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from one female mounted in balsam and captured November 22, 1911 from a
window in a kitchen of working men’s quarters on a sugar plantation near Nelson, Queensland.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District).

Type: No. Hy/784, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen in xylol-balsam.

This species is distinguished by its characteristic coloration but otherwise it is similar
to subfasciatipennis Girault. On May 25 and 26, 1912 I obtained single females of this species
at Nelson from spider webbing against a window pane in a private residence. They were dead.
Also, in the same place, another female, June 24, 1912.

Oligosita minima was found to be quite common at Nelson. Since describing it I have
captured the following specimens by carefully searching the foliage of bastard gum in forests
adjoining town. These specimens occurred with a number of other chalcids, all yellow and
similar in general appearance but varying in size. Thusseveral eulophids were largest, then
followed species of Stethynium and then the smallest, S. cuvieri* and this Oligosita: 1 ĝ,
2 9’s; 1 ĝ, 1 9 and 4 @’s, 1 9, 30 November, 1911. The female is similar to the male but
the abdomen is more pointed. Both sexes have a median sulcus on the mesoscutum and meso-
scutellum. Another male has since been captured from a window in an empty house near Nelson
December 10, 1911.

These yellow chalcids are associated with yellow species of Thysanoptera and froghoppers,
all presenting the same general appearance but easily distinguished by the trained eye because
of their distinct habiti. This color appears to have some significance since it is so nearly similar to
the whole insect association just noted and to the yellowish-green color of the foliage.

* Described in Part TI., following.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 79

5. OLIGOSITA AUREA new species.

Femalz :—Length, 0°62 mm. ; moderate in size for the genus.

General color bright greenish yellow, the abdomen faintly striped with black, the tip some-
what darker, the posterior coxæ and a space above it and a broad stripe across the intermediate
coxe dusky black ; distal tarsal joint dusky. Remaining portions of all legs and the antennz
concolorous with the body. Fore wings hyaline but with a substigmal spot as in americana ;
caudal wings faintly clouded throughout. The substigmal spot points straight caudad but with
a slight inclination proximad. Face ventrad of eyes blackish.

This species differs from all the Australian species noted above, with the exception of
americana, by its dense discal ciliation of the fore wing. It is quite closely allied with americana from
which it differs as follows: Its general coloration is different, the black on the coxe and the bright
greenish yellow of its body ; its fore wings are not slightly fumated throughout but clear and also
they are narrower, their discal ciliation somewhat coarser but about the same number of longi-
tudinal lines (about ten) ; also the proximal tarsal joints are much shorter, those of the fore legs
only about half the length of the corresponding joint in americana, for instance, only about twice
longer than wide, whereas in americana the proximal tarsal joint of the cephalic legs is at least
five and a half times longer than wide, long and slender, in aurea short and subequal to the inter-

mediate joint. Ovipositor’s valves not exserted.
(From one specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single specimen captured at Nelson, N.Q., in the same place as the
original specimen of pulchra was captured but some weeks later, namely on December 20, 1911.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District).

Type: No. Hy/785, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen (mounted on a
slide with a Paratrichogramma and an Alaptus).

6. OLIGOSITA NOVISANGUINEA new species.

Female :—Length, 0°70 mm. ; moderate in size for the genus.

General color beautiful, bright sanguineous tinged with pink ; this bright color entering
also the marginal vein, coxæ and the posterior legs as far as the tarsi. Base of abdomen with a
broad white band across it involving over a third of the length of the abdomen ; ocelli red, eyes
conspicuous, nearly black ; legs greyish or dusky white, the proximal two joints lighter, white ;
the antennz concolorous with the legs excepting the distal two antennal joints which are black.
Fore wings clear but at the substigmal spot which is sooty black and distinct but not pronounced,
crossed by an almost invisible suffused band. Submarzinal vein yellowish, ovipositor pallid
yellowish.

$0 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Structurally, agreeing with sanguinea ; discal ciliation of both wings, however, apparently
absent. The proximal joint of the club appears to be longer than is the case with sanguinea, sub-
equal in length to the second or intermediate joint.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen mounted in balsam and captured by myself
from a window of workmen’s quarters on a sugar farm, Nelson, N.Q., January 23, 1911.

Habitat : Australia—Nelson, Queensland.
Type: No. Hy/786, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forenoted female on a slide.

It was indeed surprising to see this species whose structural and colorational similarity to
the species sanguinea (known so far only from the United States of America) is most marked ;
the broad perfectly white band across the abdomen must be considered its characteristic. Of the
many specimens of sanguinea seen by me none have shown a tendency to have the abdomen thus.
banded. This form may be no more than a geographical variant but I doubt it very much.

While examining some incisions in a weed (made presumably by jassids for eggs) along a
roadway near Nelson, early in April, 1912, I extracted what appeared to be a nearly perfect pupa.
of this species but I am not sure.

7. OLIGOSITA FASCIATIPENNIS new species.
Female :—Length, 0:40 mm. ; moderately small to small for the genus.

General color bright lemon-yellow, the face, cephalic third of mesoscutum, a moderately
broad band across the fore wings at the stigmal vein and a similar band across the abdomen
slightly beyond (caudad) its middle, sooty black ; venation concolorous ; eyes dark red ; legs
uniformly concolorous to extreme tips ; antennz pallid dusky. Substigmal spot present ; the
fumated band of the fore wing is not as dark as it and is subcircular in outline, somewhat like a.
globe hanging from the stigmal vein and flattened along the caudal wing margin ; hence the band
stops at the base of the stigmal vein and does not proceed to the cephalic wing margin. Not quite-
half of that portion of the blade of the posterior wing distad of venation is sooty black, the fumation
proximad.

Structurally characterised by the shape of the fore wings which are broadly pyriform, the
apex broad, the marginal cilia only moderately long, the longest only slightly more than a half
of the greatest wing width. The discal ciliation is moderately distinct but not dense, only about
nine lines and confined to the broad, distal part of the blade ; posterior wings bearing a single
line of discal cilia along the cephalic margin, narrow, their caudal marginal cilia somewhat longer
than the longest cilia of the fore wing. Funicle joint of antennze much shorter than the pedicel,
wider than long ; distal antennal joint terminating in what appears to be a pair of very short
but thick setz, one from each side of the apex. Valves of the ovipositor projecting slightly ;
proximal tarsal joint of posterior legs longest. Pedicel of antenna subequal in length to distal
club joint.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. $1

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single specimen captured by sweeping in an open forest near Nelson,
N.Q., February 18, 1912 (A. M. Lea and A. A. Girault). This species resembles some of the yellow
species of Signiphora.

Habitat : Australia—Nelson (Cairns District), Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/787, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female in xylol-balsam (mounted
with a female Gonatocerus).

The above species differs from pulchra, with which it may be confused, in the differently
shaped fore wing and general coloration.

8. OLIGOSITA INSULARIS new species.
Female :—Length, 0°45 mm. ; moderate in size for the genus.

General color tawny yellow, all of the thorax brighter, nearly golden yellow, the legs pallid
dusky yellow with the distal tarsal joint black ; antennæ greyish but with the club black, the
spaces between its joints pallid. Wings hyaline, with the exception of the substigmal spot which
is distinct and covers the knob of the stigmal vein, projecting thence proximo-caudad and sub-
rectangular in shape. Fore wing very slightly infuscated throughout. Venation pallid dusky
yellowish. Coxæ darker.

Fore wings moderate in width, slightly wider than their longest marginal cilia or subequal
in width to the length of those cilia, the marginal cilia long, the discal ciliation sparse and
inconspicuous but visible in a line following the apical margin of the blade and in a shorter line
running distad from the knob of the stigmal vein ; otherwise, practically absent.* Posterior
wings narrow, gradually narrowing distad, the blade slightly curved, apparently without discal
ciliation, the caudal marginal cilia very long and conspicuous, nearly as long as the marginal cilia
of the fore wing, the cephalic marginal cilia inconspicuous and short. Venation normal for the
genus. Ovipositor long but not exserted. The proximal tarsal joints of posterior legs long and
slender ; strigils absent.

Antennæ normal; the obconic pedicel slightly longer than the funicle joint, which is
subequal to the intermediate club joint, the other two joints of the club subequal in length, each
slightly shorter than the funicle ; ring-joint distinct, single. Club terminating in a thick spinelike
seta, which is slightly knobbed at its tip and resembles a minute drumstick.

(From numerous specimens, the same magnification.)

Male :—Unknown.

Described from forty-eight female specimens captured March 13 and 14, 1912 from the panes
of four windows in a one-story unoccupied dwelling on the outskirts of the town, Thursday Island,
Torres Strait, N.Q.

* But in an occasional specimen one can also see another line of cilia from the apex in the caudal third of the wing, the line
extending under the knob of the stigmal vein but not near it; in these specimens the ciliation is more distinct.

F

82 z MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Habitat : Australia—Thursday Island, Torres Strait, Queensland.

Types: No. Hy/904, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 6 9’s in xylol- PEPEN one slide
(March 13, 1912).
Cotypes in the United States Saioa! Museum, Washington, D.C., 9 Q’s, similarly mounted,

one slide (March 13, 1912).
9. OLIGOSITA HILARIS Perkins.

Perkins, 1910, pp. 658-659, text-fig.

A single female of this species known thus far from Honolulu only, was captured from a
window in an unoccupied dwelling in the town of Thursday Island, Torres Strait, March 14, 1912.
It was in company with many specimens of insularis. The specimen agrees with the original’
description of the species in general but the thorax has more yellow ; the basal yellowish wide
ring of the abdomen is pale yellowish, varying in density and occupies nearly the whole basal half
of the abdomen ; the antenne and legs are dusky, excepting tibize and two proximal tarsal joints
and the pedicel and first club joint of antennz ; the whole lateral aspect of the thorax black, more
pronounced posteriorly. The antenne agree well with the figure, but they terminate as usual in
a long stout spine which is not shewn in the figure. The fore wings are as described but they are
quite normal and moderate in width for the genus. They are practically two-banded—a fuscous
shade proximad, under most of the submarginal vein (its proximal two thirds about), somewhat
more pronounced at its distal margin in the shape of a rounded blotch of nearly the width of the
wing at that place ; and a moderately broad band across the wing at the stigmal vein, beyond
the middle of the wing and moderately well defined. It is rectangular in shape. The “ distinct
blotch about the stigmal vein ” of the original description does not describe this character, since
it is the largest substigmal spot which I have ever seen in any species of the genus ; it is conic-
triangular in shape, obscures the short stigmal vein and is wholly within the transverse band.
The discal ciliation of the fore wing is as in insularis nearly ; the longest marginal cilia of that wing
(disto-caudad) are subequal to its greatest width. Posterior wings moderately broad, curved,
their discal ciliation normal, the single line of cilia distinct and near but not at the cephalic margin ;
its caudal marginal cilia are subequal in length to the longest marginal cilia of the fore wing. The
ovipositor is not exserted. Proximal tarsal joint of posterior legs long, not much shorter than the
combined lengths of the two distal joints. The strigil and cephalic tibial spur absent. Through
a hand lens (Coddington, 1-inch Bausch and Lomb) the species appears to be nearly black, encircled
by a contrasting golden band around the base of the abdomen, the wings with two dark stripes,
one near base.

Although, from the original description of hilaris this specimen differs in that there is a
distinct fuscous band across the wings at the stigmal vein, minor color differences and for the
genus the wings are not narrow, yet I think I am justified in identifying it with that species. The
male is unknown. The species resembles pulchra but its wings are narrower and the funicle much
larger.

- Subsequently another female specimen was found, ees at the same place and at the
same time. One specimen has been deposited in the Queensland Museum in Brisbane.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 83

10. OLIGOSITA SACRA new species.
Female :—Length, 0°70 mm. ; moderately large for the genus.

Immaculate, pale greenish yellow and like australiensis but the fore wings have a small
substigmal spot. Eyes and ocelli nearly black. The venation concolorous with the body. Wings
hyaline or nearly, the discal ciliation of the fore wings faint but present. The substigmal spot is
small, rectangular but including the portion on the stigmal vein, caret-shaped.

Like americana and probably not differing from that species other than in general coloration,
though the marginal cilia of the fore wings are somewhat shorter and the proximal joints of the
tarsi shorter, much shorter than usual for americana. The scutellum is transverse. There are
about six lines of discal ciliation. Antennal flagellum and caudal wings missing. Thorax with a
median sulcus. |

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—(See beyond.)

Described from one female captured by sweeping grass in an open forest near Nelson, N.Q.,
April 18, 1912.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Nelson near Cairns).

Types: No. Hy/992, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the following two female specimens
in xylol-balsam, one slide (April 24).

Cotype : The above specimen in xylol-balsam.

This species, it is possible, may be americana but its place of capture and its coloration
make me doubt it very much ; also it bears a median thoracic sulcus. Rather than identify it as
that species I have named it. It resembles also australiensis but the latter has not a prominent
uncus from the stigmal vein, nor discal ciliation of the fore wing, nor a substigmal spot.

About a week after describing this species while sweeping grass in a forest near Nelson
(April 24), I captured two more females. The funicle joint of the antenna is smaller than in
americana, subequal to or shorter than the proximal joint of the club. On April 30, 1912, one
male and four females were captured by sweeping in a similar situation, near Nelson. The male
is like the female but the single funicle joint is distinctly longer, not subglobate.

11. OLIGOSITA ANIMA new species.
Female :—Length, 0°45 mm. ; moderately small for the genus.

The same as aurea but smaller and uniformly lemon-yellow in color. Also the proximal
tarsal joints are longer, long and slender ; the distal tarsal joint, the eyes and ocelli black. The
wings are the same. The funicle joint is long, longer than the proximal club-joint ; otherwise the
same as aurea.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—Not known.

84 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Described from a female captured by sweeping along a forest path, Nelson, N.Q., February
16, 1912 (A. M. Lea and A.A.G.).

Habitat : Nelson near Cairns, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/993, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female on a slide (mounted.

with many specimens of Gonatocerus).

12. OLIGOSITA FUSCIPENNIS new species.

Female :—Length, 0°50 mm. Moderate in size for the genus.

Through a lens resembling a species of Ablerus of the Aphelinine because of the very deeply
clouded fore wings and the bright red eyes which contrast with the apparently steely blue-black
of the body ; also somewhat in habitus.

General color black, the head and thorax dull yellow, the eyes bright crimson, the legs
black excepting tips of tibize and the proximal tarsal joint which are pallid yellowish, the second
tarsal joint suffused with blackish ; tip of abdomen, including valves and ovipositor, yellowish ;
antennæ black, suffused with yellowish unevenly along the flagellum (excluding the pedicel) ;
fore wings very pronouncedly, conspicuously fumated from base distad to some distance beyond.
the apex of the venation, the wider distal part of the blade (less than a distal half, more than a.
third) slightly stained but that part of the nearly clear area is less stained proximad where it.
joins the fumation so that there is a more or less distinct clear stripe across the blade just.
distad of the fumation, slightly beyond the stigmal vein; the fumation is smoky black, its.
distal margin irregularly bulged distad, cephalad sloping back to the stigmal vein, whose apex
projects slightly beyond into the nearly clear portion of the blade ; the fumation does not cross.
the stigmal vein, leaving the angle of the blade cut off by that vein clear or nearly. The caudal
wings are also fumated for about the same proportionate distance distad. i

Abdomen conic-ovate, the valves of the ovipositor projecting slightly or subexserted, the
region one and three quarter times longer than the thorax. Mesopostscutellum ending in an acute
point ; tibial spurs single, the cephalic ones apparently absent. The three tarsal joints subequal
and moderate in length in the caudal legs. Discal ciliation of the fore wing distinct, mostly in the
clear area excepting a longer line near caudal margin ; in regular lines (excepting distad), the
number of lines being about fifteen of which about nine are isolated and conspicuous ; no oblique
line from the stigmal vein ; the marginal ciliation moderate in length, the longest (around the
entire apex and disto-caudad and disto-cephalad) not much more than a fourth the greatest wing.
width and subequal in length to the caudal cilia of the posterior wing. The latter slender, bearing,
three distinct, subequal lines of discal ciliation, two of which are cephalic.

Venation normal for Oligosita.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 85

Antenne 7-jointed, as in Oligosita ; funicle joint small in relation to the pedicel and club
joints, ovate, not half the length of the pedicel nor half of the size of the proximal club-joint ;
intermediate club joint largest of the club, the distal club joint conical but not terminating in a
spinelike seta as usual for the species of Oligosita, the terminal seta small. Pedicel longer than
any of the club joints.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)

| Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female captured while sweeping grass in open forest country
near a road in the vicinity of Hambledon Junction (Cairns), N.Q. June 7, 1912. The day was
cloudy and threatening. This species is very characteristic in coloration and differs somewhat
from the usual habitus of its genus. The club does not terminate in a large spinelike seta
and there is no substigmal spot. Before seeing its essential structures I thought that it would

certainly be of a genus as yet unknown.
Habitat : Australia—Hambledon Junction near Cairns, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1034, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the foregoing female mounted by
itself in xylol-balsam (head separated from the body).

DIAGNOSTIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF OLIGOSITA HALIDAY.
FEMALES.
I. Species blood-red in color.
Sanguineus with a broad white band across the base of the abdomen. Fore wings
narrower than their longest marginal cilia and without visible discal ciliation.
Substigmal spot distinct. Funicle joint long .. ath we : .. novisanguinea Girault.
II. Species yellow or dusky yellow, or yellow marked with dusky ; or black marked
with yellow.
1. Substigmal spot of fore wing absent or else obscured.
Fore wings without visible discal ciliation ; body uniformly greenish yellow.
Funicle joint short .. at ws ce ie a i .. australiensis Girault.
Fore wings with visible discal cilia distad, arranged in regular lines ; body deep
black, the head and thorax with yellow; wings deeply fumated, ter-
minal seta of antenna small ay zs oy ‘op aa .. fuscipennis Girault.

2. Substigmal spot of fore wing present, distinct but sometimes small.
(a.) Fore wings with the discal ciliation very sparse, indistinct or invisible
(high power).
Uniformly yellow, legs paler ; substigmal spot small; discal ciliation of
the fore wing apparently absent. Fore wings slightly narrower

than their longest marginal cilia. Minute in size oe -. minima Girault.
(aa.) Fore wings with the discal cilia visible (low power), like pubescence but
sometimes only a line or two can be seen.
(b.) Yellow, the abdomen black except at base.

Funicle joint much smaller than the pedicel; wings wider than the
length of their marginal cilia.

86 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Yellow, most of the abdomen and sides of thorax dusky black ; sub-
stigmal spot large ; fore wings broader than their longest marginal “
cilia, rounded at the apex, the discal ciliation present but not easily
visible with low power ; legs and antenne dusky. Fore wings with
a more or less obscure fumated band across them at the stigmal
vein. Usual in size .. ue he ae = oe .. pulchra Girault.

Funicle joint subequal in length to the pedicel; wings narrower than, or
only equal to, their longest marginal cilia.

Yellow, the abdomen black with a broad yellow band at base ; sides of
thorax black ; fore wings with a more or less distinct dusky band
across them at the stigmal vein. Substigmal spot large .. .. hilaris Perkins.

(bb.) Yellow species, the abdomen faintly striped with dusky or yellow suffused
with dusky.

(c.) Discal cilia of fore wing very distinct.

Tip of abdomen, ventral half of face, stripe on each side of cephalic thorax,
one across intermediate cox, one above caudal coxe and the latter
dusky black, Wings hyaline, their discal ciliation (fore wing) very
distinct, moderately long ; proximal tarsal joint of caudal legs not
much longer than the intermediate joint ; funicle joint of antennz

hardly longer than the proximal joint of the club .. a -. aurea Girault.
Uniformly yellow ; proximal tarsal joints long and slender ; funicle joint
longer than the proximal club-joint .. ue "i ss .. anima Girault.

(ce.) Discal cilia of fore wing not very distinct.

Body uniform in color with the exception of faint indications of black

transverse bands across the abdomen ; wings hyaline. Proximal

tarsal joint of caudal legs longer, distinctly longer than the inter-

mediate joint, funicle joint usually longer than the ait club-

joint. Fore wings broad re a ba ay : .. americana Girault.
Bright lemon-yellow, the face, cephalic third of mesoscutum and a ae

band across the abdomen beyond middle, sooty black ; a distinctly

sooty band across the fore wings at the stigmal vein ; apex of fore

wings nearly flat; marginal cilia of ea As longer than

those of the fore wing . ni: s .. Jasciatipennis Girault.
Tawny yellow, the thorax ae peee es patie: legs pallid

dusky yellow ; antenne greyish, the club black ; substigmal spot

covering the knob of the stigmal vein ; fore wings slightly infus-

cated throughout. Discal ciliation of the fore wing very sparse.

Proximal tarsal joints long and slender. Pedicel slightly longer

than funicle E ees as he es $ 3 .. insularis Girault.
Immaculate pale greenish yellow and like australiensis ; discal ciliation of

the fore wing faint ; proximal joint of tarsi short ; funicle subequal

to proximal club joint ; thorax with a median sulcus ae .. sacra Girault.

BRACHYGRAMMA new genus.

Female :—Head normal, the three ocelli in a triangle in the centre of the vertex, the latter
elevated centrally, the eyes large, lateral, naked, the antennz inserted much below the middle
of the face, distinctly ventrad of an imaginary line drawn between the ventral ends of the eyes,
7-jointed—scape, pedicel, one ring-joint, two funicle joints and a two-jointed club. Scape rather
long, cylindrical, narrower at each end ; pedicel usual, obconic, longer than the whole funicle

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 87

but not very much more so, the funicle subtriangular, both of its joints wider than long, the first
longer than the second ; club broadly ovate, shaped somewhat as in T’wmidiclava Girault but less
regular and not so large, its distal joint longest, acute, but not terminating in a spinelike seta.
Fore wings shaped very much as in Pterygogramma Perkins and with its ciliation about as in that
genus but the venation is different ; thus the marginal vein is broad and very short, just about
twice longer than wide, the stigmal vein sessile, nearly absent, but represented by a short neckless
projection from the marginal vein, subquadrate in shape and bearing an acute uncus from its
disto-cephalic angle. Submarginal vein long, clavate and curved, more than thrice the length
of the marginal vein. Ciliation short excepting along the caudal margin of the posterior wing
where it is moderately short, but yet twice the length of the longest marginal cilia of the fore wing ;
it is not as long, however, as the greatest width of the caudal wings, which are very broad and
shaped like the blade of a knife, bearing but three lines of discal ciliation ; their cephalic marginal
cilia are very short. No oblique line of discal ciliation running back from the stigmal vein.

Abdomen somewhat longer than the head and thorax combined, sessile, conical and not
pointed, the ovipositor short and not exserted, inserted at distal third ; parapsidal furrows sharply
defined ; pronotum, mesoscutum and the scutellum, the metanotum and phragma, with a sharply
defined median sulcus. Mesophragma well developed. Tarsal joints moderately long, much
shorter in the cephalic legs ; tibial spurs single, short, absent from the cephalic legs. Legs
normal to the family. Body long.

Male :—Unknown.

A unique genus bearing antenne shaped like those of Paratrichogramma and wings like those
ot Pterygogramma but the antennal segmentation and wing venation resemble those of no genus
now known ; the median sulcus of the thorax is exceptional, occurring in no other genus of the
family excepting a few species of Oligosita and in Ittys and Neocentrobia.*

Type : The following species.

1. BRACHYGRAMMA BICLAVATUM new species.

Female :—Length, 0°90 mm. ; moderately large for the family.

General color dull honey-yellow, blotched with dusky black ; antennæ, cephalic margin
of the head, pronotum, cephalic two thirds of mesoscutum excepting the lateral margins, cephalic
half of the scutellum at the meson, mesophragma, postscutellum and metathorax and the cephalic
halves of the abdominal segments (transverse stripes), femora, cox, tibiæ and distal tarsal joints
dusky black ; eyes and ocelli carmine. Venation dusky yellowish. Wings hyaline.

Fore wings bearing about fifteen lines of discal ciliation which is short but distinct ; inner
margin of submarginal vein crenulate. Proximal joint of antennal club wider than long, not much
over half the length of the distal joint ; proximal funicle joint nearly twice the length of the distal
joint of that region which, as in Paratrichogramma, bears a short stalk, pedestal or petiole support-
ing the club. Scutellum not half the length of the scutum, wider than long; caudal margins of
mesoscutum inclined cephalo-mesad, meeting at the meson.

* Described in following.

88 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen mounted in balsam and captured from the pane
of a window in workmen’s quarters on a sugar farm near Nelson, N.Q., late in the afternoon of
January 24,1912. (A. A. Girault.)

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District).

Type: In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen, No. Hy/788.

The median sulcus in this genus, rather unique for the family, is present in many genera of

the Eulophidee.
PSEUDOGRAMMA new genus.

Female :—Head normal, the eyes moderate in size, the three ocelli arranged in a line across
the vertex, the lateral ones near to the eye margins, the antenne inserted well down on the face
near the clypeal margin, somewhat below the ventral ends of the eyes, the scrobes well developed,
forming a distinct inverted V-shaped groove ; the mandibles tridentate. Antenne 6-jointed,
as in Trichogramma Westwood—scape, pedicel, l-ring joint, 2-jointed funicle and solid club ;
the latter and the scape subequal in length, the pedicel obconic, moderately large, as long as the
funicle whose joints are subquadrate but slightly longer than wide and subequal. Fore wings
nearly as in J'richogrammatoidea Girault as concerns shape and ciliation and coloration but the
venation is different, the marginal vein straight, short, only about a third the length of the long
submarginal vein, the stigmal vein short, straight, somewhat less than half the length of the
marginal vein and with only a very short neck ; discal ciliation quite inconspicuous, short, sparse ;
marginal cilia moderate, as in T'richogrammatoidea, between a fourth and a fifth the greatest wing
width ; fore wings fumated ; stigmal vein pointing nearly disto-caudad, appearing like a mere
bulb attached to the end of the marginal vein ; no oblique line of discal cilia leading back from the
stigmal vein ; about 7 lines of discal cilia.

Parapsidal furrows complete ; abdomen as in Trichogramma Westwood, cylindrical ovate,
sessile, the tip of the valves of the ovipositor reaching to tip and pointing it ; abdomen somewhat
longer than the head and thorax combined. The three tarsal joints moderate in length, the proxi-
` mal joint longest, especially in the intermediate legs.

Male :—Unknown.

A genus so closely resembling T'richogrammatoidea Girault in general appearance that its
type species was at once placed as a member of that segregate. However, though casually appearing
curved, scrutiny of the marginal vein shows that it is truly straight and this fact combined with
the short and straight stigmal vein justifies placing the species in this distinct segregate which
becomes a component of a subfamily not containing T'richogrammatoidea, namely the Chetos-
trichine. In this subfamily, in my table of genera, Pseudogramma drops in next to Chetostricha
Haliday from which it differs markedly in antennal structure.

Type :—The following species.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 89

1. PSEUDOGRAMMA FASCIATIPENNE new species.

Female :—Length, 0°35 mm. ; small for the family.

General color tawny yellow, the abdomen black, the face, antennz and legs dusky black,
the vertex and proximal two tarsal joints yellow ; eyes and ocelli bright red ; fore wings hyaline
but crossed by a conspicuous broad, smoky black band extending from the apex of the stigmal
vein to the base of the distal third of the submarginal vein, its distal margin nearly straight.
About seven longitudinal lines of discal ciliation in the fore wing.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female captured from the windows of an empty dwelling at
Herberton, N.Q., December 28, 1912.

Habitat : Queensland (Herberton).

Type: No. Hy/789, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female mounted on a slide
{with the female type of Signiphora funeralis Girault and specimens of Abbella and Anagrus). The
head of the type specimen is missing.

NEOBRACHISTELLA new genus.

Female :—The same as female Neobrachista but more robust, the ovipositor not so long,
not inserted near base of abdominal venter but rather just proximad of the middle of the venter,
not just running to tip of abdomen and pointing it but distinctly exserted as in Centrobiella, the
exserted portion covered by the valves and curved upward somewhat and equal to about a sixth
of the length of the long abdomen. Antenne also somewhat like those of Neobrachista but they
are 9-jointed—scape, pedicel, 3 ring-joints, one funicle joint and a 3-jointed club, the funicle joint
subpedunculate distad, wider than long and shorter than the pedicel ; antenna! club longer than
the rest of the flagellum, cylindrical ovate, its distal joint smallest and not terminating in a spine-
like seta. Fore wings as in Neobrachista but the marginal vein is longer than the stigmal (shorter
in the genus named) and there is no oblique line of discal ciliation leading back from the stigma]
vein or else it is obscured ; the discal ciliation is normal and rather dense but there are two long
lines which are regular and contrast with the rest of the ciliation ; the marginal cilia are short.

The thorax bears a median sulcus to apex of mesophragma. Otherwise, about as in Neobrachista.
Male :—Not known.
The antennz of this genus are very similar to those of Neobrachista.

Type : The species described forthwith.

90 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

1. NEOBRACHISTELLA MAXIMA new species.
Female :—Length, about 1:00 mm. ; large for the family.

Sooty black, the caudal half of the mesoscutum suffused with lemon-yellow ; tips of tibiæ,
proximal two tarsal joints and the ovipositor (but not its valves) suffused more or less
with yellowish as is also the scape, vertex and venation. Fore wings lightly clouded, the cloudiness
more or less accented across the wing at the prominent, acute, caudal projection of the sub-
marginal vein, under the marginal vein and across from the tip of the stigmal ; also, around wing
apex.

Discal ciliation short, about twenty-two lines ; stigmal vein given off from the lower angle
of the marginal, eggshaped and borne upon a distinct, slender though short, petiole. Discal
ciliation projecting well under the venation.

(From a single specimen, the usual magnification.)

Described from a single female specimen captured June 17, 1912 from a window in men’s
quarters on a sugar farm at Nelson, N.Q.

Habitat : Australia—Nelson near Cairns, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1075, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forenoted specimen on a slide.

CENTROBIELLA new genus.

Female :—Head normal, the antennze inserted below the middle of the face, 7-jointed—scape,
pedicel, one ring, one funicle joint and a three-jointed club ; the funicle joint is smallest, cup-
shaped, longer than wide, slightly smaller than the next joint. Fore wings as in Plerygogramma |
Perkins, the discal ciliation in regular lines, the oblique line leading back from the stigmal vein
long, complete. Posterior wings normal but in balsam mounts sometimes very narrow and slender,
acuminately acute. Parapsidal furrows complete. Abdomen longer than the head and thorax
combined. The valves of the ovipositor conspicuously exserted for a length about a third that
of the abdomen, curved, acute at apex. Otherwise as in Plerygogramma.

Male :—The same but the abdomen more rounded.

A genus resembling both Pterygogramma Perkins and Lathromerella Girault* differing from
both in regard to the structure of the antennal club, the shape of the abdomen, presence of the
antennal funicle and characteristics of wing ciliation. It may become confused with Centrobia
Foerster and Prestwichia Lubbock but the ring-joint and abdominal characters should easily
serve as a means of distinguishing them ; Centrobia has no ring-joint while Prestwichia has a long
tubular abdomen. The genus is closely allied with Centrobia.

Type: The following species (mulierum).

* Described in following.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 91

1. CENTROBIELLA MULIERUM new species.
Female :—Length, about 0°50 mm. ; moderate for the family.

Orange-yellow with much black ; thorax conspicuously orange-yellow ; the abdomen less
so but marked distinctly with transverse black stripes ; most of the sides of the thorax dark ;
legs and antennze yellow but the former marked with black along most of each femur and the distal
tarsal joint ; exserted ovipositor valves black ; venation yellow, suffused with dusky. - Wings
hyaline, but the fore wing distinctly, rather lightly fumated out to the end of the stigmal vein,
the distal margin of the fumated area somewhat convex. Eyes bright red.

Fore wings with about seventeen lines of discal cilia, the oblique line from stigmal vein
complete with about nine to ten cilia ; proximad near its caudal third is an isolated patch of cilia
at the caudal wing margin and opposite the venation. Marginal cilia of fore wing moderately short,
the longest distinctly not three fourths the length of the longest cilia of the posterior wing which
bears but two complete lines of discal ciliation, in the cephalic half. The caudal marginal cilia of
the posterior wings are about a third as long as the greatest width of the fore wing. Third joint of
antennal club longest, the club not terminating in a spinelike seta.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—The same but the abdomen is not striped, the legs darker, the marginal cilia
of the fore wings decidedly longer, nearly as long as the caudal marginal cilia of the posterior wing.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)

Described from a single pair captured by sweeping grass in an open forest near Nelson,
N.Q., April, 18, 1912. Dedicated with respect to women, more especially those who assert their
mental equality to men, who are progressive and therefore do not have a tendency to keep back
the development of the race through heredity.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson near Cairns).

Types: No. Hy/996, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the foregoing pair mounted in xylol-
balsam (two slides ; the female mounted with a female of Gonatocerus).

Subsequently, a second female was captured from a window in men’s quarters on a sugar
farm at Nelson, May 20, 1912 and two more from a window in a private residence at Nelson, June
16 and 18, 1912; also a male was obtained by sweeping in a forest near Nelson, July 3, 1912 and
a female July, 4 1912 from a window in a residence.

NEOCENTROBIA new genus.

Female :—Head normal, the three ocelli in a triangle in the centre of the vertex, the antenne
inserted slightly ventrad of an imaginary line drawn between the ventral ends of the eyes, 7-jointed,
short and clavate, the club enlarged as in Tumidiclava Girault—scape, pedicel one minute ring-
joint, one subtriangular funicle joint and a swollen 3-jointed club, which does not terminate in
a spinelike seta ; funicle narrower than the club or pedicel, the latter stout as in Tumidiclava,
the scape short. Mesoscutum and scutellum with a median grooved line. Fore wings nearly as

92 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

in Tumidiclava but the marginal cilia are somewhat longer, moderate in length, the longest
between a third and a half of the greatest wing width ; the discal ciliation irregular, abundant but
not dense and it is short, crowding back under the venation ; no oblique line of it from the stigmal
vein ; the venation is different, the marginal vein short, only about four times longer than wide
and slightly over a third the length of the submarginal vein, the stigmal vein with a distinct but
not long neck, about half the length of the marginal vein, the latter straight. Abdomen conic-
ovate, about equal to the combined lengths of the head and thorax, the ovipositor long, inserted
at its base, its valves exserted together with itself, distinctly, for a length equal to a fifth of the
length of the sessile abdomen. Legs normal, the intermediate and posterior femora somewhat
swollen, the tarsal joints short, the proximal joint of the cephalic tarsi shortest ; the cephalic tibial
spur is present but very short, not forming a strigil, the others single and longer. Posterior wings
usual, rather narrow, with long marginal cilia caudad and apparently without discal ciliation.
Mandibles with at least two teeth.

Male :—Not known.

This unique genus casually resembles T’umidiclava Girault but in my table of genera will
run near Centrobia Foerster, since the funicle is present and the ovipositor exserted. It is also
like Ophioneurus Ratzeburg, especially since the club wrinkles transversely in balsam when the
specimen is heated, appearing 6 or 7 jointed and also because of the venation. Ophioneurus,
however, has no funicle. The genus has the body of Lathromeris.

Type: The following species.

1, NEOCENTROBIA CARA new species.

Female :—Length, 0°50 mm. ; moderate in size.

Dusky yellow, the abdomen dusky black ; legs pallid yellowish excepting the proximal two
thirds of the femora which are dusky black ; club and funicle of antenna dusky black, the scape
and pedicel yellowish. Fore wings lightly fumated throughout, the fumation somewhat accented
at the stigmal knob ; venation dusky yellowish. Distal tarsal joint not darker. Tibiz with an
obscure dusky band around it just out from base.

Fore wings bearing about from twelve to fourteen lines of discal cilia across its widest
blade portion which are inclined to be massed in the middle of the blade, longitudinally, there |
being from the end of the venation distad to the apex, a more or less naked marginal strip between
the first one or two lines along each margin and the remaining and central portions of the ciliation.
- The posterior wings apparently bear a single, inconspicuous line of discal cilia along its cephalic
margin. Proximal tarsal joints of cephalic legs shortest, also the same joints of the other legs are

shorter than the third or distal joint.
(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—Not known.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—J.—GIRAULT. 93

Described from a single female specimen captured with specimens of Tumidiclava ciliata
Girault by sweeping in grassy fields near Cooktown, N.Q., February 24, 1912.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Cooktown).

Type: No. Hy/994, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forementioned specimen in xylol-
balsam (mounted with four females of the Tumidiclava).

Tring LATHROMERINI Girault.
LATHROMERELLA new genus.

Female :—Head normal, the eyes prominent, the lateral ocelli distant from the eye margins,
the antennz inserted below the middle of the face, 9-jointed—scape, pedicel, 2 ring-joints and a
five-jointed club, the distal club joint ending in a straight spinelike seta ; pedicel distinctly longer
than any of the club-joints, ovate ; ring-joints distinct, the first twice the size of the second, which
is rather inconspicuous and appears to be the rimmed proximal end of the first club-joint ; funicle
absent. Body long and slender, pointed, the abdomen conic-ovate, longer than the head and
thorax combined, the ovipositor long but not exserted at all, nor are its valves, the latter merely
tipping the apex of the abdomen. Parapsidal furrows complete ; mesoscutum much longer than
the mesoscutellum, the latter subhemispherical. Legs normal, the three tarsal joints moderately
long and subequal, the tibial spurs single, comparatively stout, about half as long as the proximal
tarsal joint, present on the cephalic legs, the strigil absent. Mesophragma present. Abdomen
sessile. Antennz normal in shape, not dilated, the club cylindrical.

Fore wings somewhat as in Pterygogramma Perkins, the venation and ciliation much the same ;
venation straight, the marginal vein long but distinctly shorter than the submarginal, the post-
marginal absent, the stigmal vein distinct, short but with a distinct neck. Marginal ciliation like
that of Pterygogramma acuminatum, the discal ciliation somewhat denser and more distinct than
in that species, arranged in regular lines of which there are about fifteen. No oblique line of
discal ciliation leading back from the stigmal vein. Fore wing fumated throughout but not
uniformly. Caudal wings with the blade rather short, narrowing regularly distad and obtusely
pointed at apex, bearing a paired line of discal ciliation near the cephalic margin, broadest across
apex of the venation, its caudal marginal cilia longer than the longest marginal cilia of the fore
wing.

Male :—Unknown.

A genus resembling in habitus Prestwichia Lubbock somewhat but more closely Lathromeris
Foerster and Pterygogramma Perkins from both of which it may be distinguished by means of the
distinctly 5-segmented antennal club and the presence of two ring-joints. T'richogrammatella
Girault which also has a 5-jointed antennal club is different from this genus because of its curved
venation, unusually long tibial spur of the intermediate legs and in bearing but a single ring-joint
in the antenne.

Type : The following species.

94 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

1, LATHROMERELLA FASCIATA new species.
Female :—Length, 0°85 mm.; moderately large for the family.

General color orange-yellow. Abdomen with three conspicuous black stripes across it,
the first and broadest (or longest) across the middle, the second midway between it and the third
and the latter near apex but not at it. The caudal two of these stripes are about equally wide,
each half the width (cephalo-caudad) of the first stripe ; tip of abdomen black also, a short yellow
space between it and the third abdominal stripe. A small oval or elliptical dusky spot at base
of abdomen, in the dorso-lateral aspect; club and proximal half of pedicel dusky ; several
dusky areas on the mesopleurum ; mesoscutum dusky excepting along the median line and the
caudal and lateral margins. Marginal vein concolorous with body, but stigmal and submarginal
veins dusky black, the former darker and conspicuous. Legs concolorous excepting the black
distal tarsal joints and the posterior coxz and the dusky proximal halves of the femora.
Lateral margin of parapsides dusky. Fore wing lightly but distinctly, not uniformly fumated
or stained throughout, the staining deeper across the wing under the stigmal vein, clearer
under the marginal vein. Caudal wings hyaline. Eyes and ocelli bright red.

Antennal club with the third joint longest and widest, the first shortest and cup-shaped,
the distal joint conical. Discal ciliation in the fore wing absent under the venation with the excep-
tion of a-short proximal extension of several lines near the caudal margin. Mesonotum bearing
about six isolated sete.

(From one specimen, $-inch objective, l-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)

Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single specimen captured by myself December 16, 1911 from the pane
of a window in the kitchen of men’s quarters on a sugar farm near Nelson, N.Q. A strikingly
marked species, which should be easily recognised. Subsequently, another female was
taken in the same vicinity by sweeping in an open forest, February 18, 1912 (A. M. Lea and
A.A.G.). The abdominal stripes were less conspicuous, the black on the coxz and femora was
much more distinct, especially on the cephalic legs, while the sides of the thorax were more marked
with sooty. Variation therefore is marked.

Habitat : Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District).
Type: No. Hy/793, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female in xylol-balsam (Dec. 16,
1911).

In the second female captured, the abdomen was conic-ovate but not so slender as

in the first.
LATHROMEROIDEA new genus.

1. LATHROMEROIDEA NIGRA new species.
Female :—Length, 0'45 mm: ; moderately small for the genus.

General color uniformly black, only the tips of the tibiæ being lighter. Wings hyaline with
the exception of nearly all of the posterior wings, which are lightly embrowned and the proximal

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 95

part of the fore wing out to the end of the venation and slightly beyond, this portion of the wing
being smoky brown, the fumation emphasised under the stigmal vein and diluted under the
marginal vein and discally. :

With all the essential characters of the genus Lathromerella—antennal structure and
venation—but the abdomen, though conic-ovate and with the valves of the ovipositor exserted
slightly, is not long and slender ; with a slightly different habitus from that of the type species of
the genus named: Thus the body is much shorter, the fore and posterior wings narrower, their
ciliation longer ; the oblique line of cilia leading back from the stigmal vein is present. Moreover,
the venation resembles more that of Pferygogramma in aspect and the antennal club does not
terminate in a long seta and most of its joints are wider than long and transverse.

Fore wings moderate in width, regularly rounded at apex, their marginal ciliation moderate
in length, twice the length of those cilia in Lathromerella fasciata, rather uniform, about a fourth
the greatest wing width ; the discal cilia arranged in regular radiating lines of which there are
about sixteen, the cilia distinct and not very short, the discal ciliation absent under the marginal
vein excepting a straight row of about five projected proximad from the caudal margin and near
that margin. The oblique line of discal cilia leading back from the apex of the stigmal knob is
curved and includes about seven cilia ; it is complete in the sense that it joins a reciprocal line of
the main ciliation which is projected proximad to meet it. Marginal and submarginal veins sub-
equal, the stigmal vein a mere ovate knob separated from the end of the marginal vein by a
constriction. Posterior wings slender and obtusely acuminate and wide across the apex of the
venation as in fasciata, bearing a distinct, paired line of discal ciliation along the cephalic margin
and a single line along the caudal margin (a total of three lines), the caudal marginal cilia nearly
as long as the marginal cilia of the fore wing.

Abdomen somewhat longer than the head and thorax combined, yet short and conic-
triangular ; parapsidal furrows complete ; the three tarsal joints moderate in length and subequal
but in the cephalic tarsi shorter, lengthening distad, the proximal joint shortest. Tarsal claws
well developed. Mandibles apparently tridentate, the two outer teeth distinct, acute.

Antenne 9-jointed—scape, pedicel, two ring-joints (the certainty of there being two ring-
joints has not been established, the single mount showed what appeared to be two), and a 5-jointed
club ; the latter widest between the second and third joints, the two distal joints longest of the
club but only the distal joint, which is conical, is longer than wide.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen mounted in balsam and captured from a window
in an empty dwelling at Herberton, N.Q., December 28, 1911.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Herberton and Nelson).

Type: No. Hy/794. One female in xylol-balsam (mounted with the female type of Litus
schleideni). Queensland Museum, Brisbane.

96 MEMOIRS OF THE. QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

On January 22, 1912, I captured another female specimen of this species at Nelson, N.Q.,
on a window in the School of Arts. This specimen had the fore wing somewhat narrower and
its marginal cilia longer in proportion to its greatest width. I could not verify the antennal
structure because those organs shrivelled up as soon as the specimen was mounted in balsam.

2. LATHROMEROIDEA NIGRELLA new species.

Female :—Length, 0°43 mm. ; moderately small for the family.

Resembling closely nigra but differing as follows ; The fore wings are distinctly broader
and bear relatively shorter marginal fringes ; also their margins are brown, not so in nigra, the
margins being clear like the general wing surface. The eyes are hairy and the body bears more
stiff bristles than does that of nigra which is nearly naked.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen taken from the window of an untenanted dwelling:
at Cooktown, N.Q., January 31, 1912.
Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Cooktown).

Type: No. Hy/795, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forenoted specimen in xylol-
balsam (mounted with a male Polynema).

Both of the above species differ from Lathromeris in bearing a somewhat longer marginal
vein, an oblique line of discal ciliation, a short, acute abdomen and five antennal club joints ; also.
the wing ciliation is in regular lines.

The type of the genus is nigra.

Genus TUMIDICLAVA Girault.
1. TUMIDICLAVA CILIATA new species,

Female :—Length, 0°60 mm. ; moderately small for the genus.

Similar to the type species, pulchrinotum Girault, but differing in that the yellow median
line of the mesoscutum is not perceptible and the scutum caudad is merely edged with yellow ;
the tibiæ are yellow ; also the marginal fringes of the fore wing are longer, the longest distinctly
nearly a third of the greatest wing width. Fore wings distinctly, but not pronouncedly, fumated
out to the end of the venation. Distal tarsal joints black.

Fore wings with about thirteen (more or less) longitudinal regular lines of discal ciliation ;
scutellum of mesothorax with its caudal margins oblique and straight, terminating in a regular
apex of a triangle at the meson. Mandibles tridentate.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :—The same but the abdomen is cylindrical oval, blunt at apex ; antenne the same.
The first male of the genus captured.

(From one specimen, similarly magnified.)

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 97

Described at first from a single female specimen captured from a window January 11, 1912
at Innisfail, N.Q. (formerly Geraldton). On January 22, 1912 another female was taken from
the window of workmen’s quarters on a sugar farm near Nelson, and on the 2nd of February
(1912) two more females at Cooktown, N.Q., by sweeping a peculiar grass in a field.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Innisfail, Nelson and Cooktown).
Type: No. Hy/796, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the first female.
Cotypes—In the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

This species has nearly the same general color pattern as the single American species of
the genus and differs markedly, so far as known, only in bearing longer marginal fringes on the
fore wing. Its three club joints and two ring-joints are plainly discernible in the second specimen
captured. The stigmal vein is nearly all uncus, the main portion of it merely a bulge from the
lower end of the apex of the marginal vein and as described for the type species. Practically, it
is absent.

After the above was written I captured another female February 10, 1912 which was
-crawling over a portion of this manuscript as I sat writing at a table in a hotel at Nelson.

There is some variation in the details of the fore wings. Thus, they are sometimes distinctly
broader (as in the Cooktown—and one Nelson—specimen), this broader wing bearing shorter
marginal fringes, the latter much less than a fifth of the greatest wing width ; but a graduate
form is represented by the specimen captured at Nelson on January 22.

Upon my second visit to Cooktown, on February 24 and 27 (1912), one male and twelve
females were captured by sweeping in the same place as formerly.

The discal ciliation of the fore wing in this species is undoubtedly in straight lines.

HAECKELIANIA new genus.

Female :—A genus similar in all respects to Ufens Girault but bearing no funicle in the
antenne, the club large, fusiform-acuminate, that is broad at base and tapering to a point at apex,
5-jointed, the proximal joints short and transverse, the apical two joints long and narrow, much
longer than wide but not greatly lengthened ; the last joint longest and narrowest, a third longer
than the preceding joint ; also the club bears rather long, thick, spinelike sete somewhat like the
single thickened seta from the apex of the club in Oligosita but here much longer and acuminate.
Scape and pedicel normal. Mandibles with at least three teeth. Marginal and stigmal veins
short, the latter slightly shorter than the former. Cephalic tibial spur present, minute, straight
and acute. Posterior wings with their caudal marginal cilia longer than the width of the blade.
Ovipositor not long, inserted nearer middle than to base, nonexserted. Otherwise as in Ufens.

Male :—Not known.

98 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

This genus, because of the absence of the funicle, falls in near Lathromeris Foerster, from
which it is easily distinguished. There is apparently a single ring-joint. The peculiarly shaped
club is characteristic but I hesitated for some time before separating it as a distinct segregate
from Ufens with which I had arranged its type species. The genus is dedicated with great respect
to Ernst Haeckel, the most profound philosopher of our times and the one who has, in my opinion,
most nearly discovered the truth, the one essential of all philosophy.

Type: The following species (haeckeli).

1. HAECKELIANIA HAECKELI new species.

Female :—Length, 0°80 mm. ; large for the family, but not as robust as Ufens hercules.
General color deep black, only the knees, tips of tibize and all of the tarsal joints being pallid yellow,
the body unmarked with yellow or brown. Mandibles fulvous, fuscous at tips. Proximal half
(approximately) of fore wing lightly stained a smoke color, the fumation extending out about the
length of the stigmal vein distad of the end of the marginal vein.

A species at once characterised by the uniform blackness of its body and the peculiar
shape of the antennz and its conspicuous clothing. Thus, the funicle and club of this organ are
not differentiated but apparently form one piece which is acuminate-conical or broad proximad
and tapering out to a point distad ; the pubescence is scattered each hair enlarged into a seta
and long like those on the male antenne of Trichogramma ; but here, the sete are stouter ; they
are much larger than those of any other species of the family with the possible exception of the male
of Trichogrammatoidea ; moreover, the first or proximal joint of the club is transverse, much shorter
than either of the two distal joints. From Ufens piceipes, this species differs in bearing less dense
discal ciliation on the fore wing and longer marginal cilia on the same wings ; its stigmal vein is
shorter ; the other differences are obvious. From Ufens niger, in nearly the same points but the
stigmal veins of these two (niger and haeckeli) are more similar. Also this last statement is true
for Ufens flavipes ; but the discal ciliation in flavipes is more like that of hæckeli whereas the latter
has longer marginal cilia on the fore wing and along the caudal margin of the posterior wings.
This species has a shorter stigmal vein, narrower wings, longer caudal marginal cilia on the posterior
wings and less hispid posterior tibiz than the species hercules ; besides it has no yellow at the base
of the abdomen. The fore wings bear about eighteen lines of discal cilia, the oblique line of discal
cilia leading from the stigmal vein includes only about seven cilia ; the caudal marginal cilia of
the moderate-sized posterior wings are distinctly longer than the greatest width of the blade.
Mandibles tridentate. Marginal vein of fore wing but slightly longer than the stigmal vein. The
distal club joint of the antenna apparently divides at apex into two of the large setze which diverge.
Strigils absent. Ovipositor not exserted.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen remounted in balsam from alcohol and captured
from a window at Herberton, N.Q., December 28, 1911. (A.A.G.) Dedicated to Ernst Haeckel.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 99

Habitat : Australia—Herberton, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/780, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forenoted female on a slide
{mounted with Stethynium and Litus).

Genus PTERYGOGRAMMA Perkins,
1. PTERYGOGRAMMA DUBIUM new species.

; In spite of the enormous differences pointed out herewith between the following species
captured at Nelson, N.Q., December 5, 1911 from the panes of a window in men’s quarters
on a sugar farm, and the original description of the genus, I am quite satisfied that the
identification is correct. Perkins’ description of the genus must have been founded upon greatly
distorted specimens. It must be inaccurate (see beyond).

Female :—Length, 0°70 mm. ; moderately large for the family.

General color ashy black, marked with pale cadmium-yellow as follows : Vertex and whole
dorsal aspect of the thorax ; the mesoscutum is marked however with the general color of the
body—a rather broad but short line (Somewhat over twice longer than wide) down each side of
the median line which joins cephalad with similar coloration along the lateral margins of the sclerite
at cephalic three fourths. The sides of the thorax marked more or less with paler yellow. Antenne
and femora concolorous with the body ; all of tarsi, ends of the femora, the trochanters and all of
tibize except exteriorly (laterally) along the edge (concolorous with body) pallid yellowish ; two
proximal joints of antennal club suffused with yellowish ; cox blackish. Venation dusky with
a tinge of yellowish.

Fore wings nearly uniformly, moderately fumated throughout but there is a darker spot
at the knob of the stigmal vein, a larger darker area just caudad of the break of the submarginal
vein extending about for equal distances proximad and distad along the caudal wing margin and
another area at the caudal wing margin just in a line caudad of the substigmal spot and
separated from a suffused extension of this and the caudal area under venation by an oblique
clearer line (running distad with a slight cephalic inclination). Eyes and ocelli bright red.
Caudal wings uniformly fumated.

I cannot reconcile this specimen with the original description of acwminatum from which I
was forced to separate it. Colorationally, itappears to agree tolerably well with Perkins’ descrip-
tion though the fore wings are plainly fumated throughout ; the mesoscutum and head are not
brownish. Structurally, it differs as follows from the description given of the type species of the
genus : The head is not strongly transverse and the ocelli are in a short triangle, the lateral ocelli
not touching the eye margins but distant from them, distinctly farther from them than they are
from each other. The 3-jointed antennal club is conic-ovate, widest at the first articulation as
originally described but not widely dilated, normal in shape, the terminal joint conical as usual
and not terminating in a stiff seta. The metanotum does not extend over the base of the abdomen,
nor is the latter twice the length of the thorax but about one and a half times longer. The ovi-
positor is not exserted at all but the valves plainly project beyond the apex of the abdomen to a

100 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

length about equal to the length of the intermediate joint of the tarsi, somewhat as in Neotricho-
gramma Girault, not exserted for a length equal to that of the hind tarsi, which would be between
a third and a half of the length of the abdomen. The abdomen is not compressed but normal and
regularly conic-ovate. The fore wings bear eleven or twelve distinct lines of discal cilia, some of
which may be composed of not more than three cilia ; the stigmal vein bears a distinct uncus.
not shown in the figure of acuminatum and the fore wings exceedingly short marginal fringes, barely
visible (23-inch objective), nearly uniform in length, extending all around the margin of the
distal half of the wing (distad of the venation) and each cilium no longer than the individual
discal cilia; thus, they are not merely short as figured for acuminatum and plainly visible ;
in fact the marginal cilia are barely differentiated from the edge of the wing, especially along the
apex (see remarks beyond and on acuminatum). Otherwise, the figure of the fore wing of acumina-
tum agrees with the fore wing of this species but the neck of the stigmal vein is slenderer here.
The caudal wings in this specimen are moderate and uniform in width, not acuminate, obtusely
pointed at the apex, bearing but a single line of discal ciliation which is somewhat cephalad of the
midlongitudinal line of the wing ; along the caudal margin, the marginal cilia are long, about.
two and a half times the width of the blade, the cilia of the cephalic margin not extremely short,
distinct but only about three fourths the width of the blade. Marginal vein of fore wing long
but shorter than the submarginal. The parapsidal furrows are complete. Tibial spurs single,
moderate in size for the family, not as long as the proximal tarsal joint, on the cephalic legs.
absent ; strigil absent ; mesophragma present. Tarsal joints moderate, subequal, in the cephalic
legs shorter and subequal. Legs normal. Mandibles apparently with four unequal teeth.

Antenne normal, 6-jointed, inserted below the middle of the face ; scape, pedicel, 7 ring
joint, which is inconspicuous being both short and narrow and hidden and a normal, conic-ovate,
3-jointed club, the intermediate joint of which is longest. Scape normal, cylindrical, not slender ;
pedicel moderately stout, usual, obconic, two thirds the length of the scape and as long as the
intermediate club joint but not as broad. Club not terminating in a seta of any sort.

(From one specimen, 3-inch objective, l-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Male :—Unknown.

After making the above descriptive notes which are correct for the natural insect, I crushed.
the specimen on a slide (formerly lying in balsam naturally, that is, not crushed by the cover glass)
whereupon the antennal club took the compressed and dilated form figured by Perkins and the
minute ring-joint came into view. It is doubtless true, therefore, that the original description of
the genus and species was based upon crushed specimens in balsam and thus is distorted more or
less fantastically. There is an oblique line of discal ciliation in dubium leading back from the
stigmal vein of the fore wing, consisting of 2-3 cilia, which are no longer than the other discal ones.
The caudal femora have a polygonal, scaly sculpture. The antenne are similar to those of Uscana.
semifumipennis Girault and Pterygogramma resembles Uscana in other respects ; however, the

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 101

sparsely ciliated fore and posterior wings, the longer marginal vein of the fore wing (distinctly
shorter than the submarginal in Uscana) and the longer, more pointed abdomen with the plainly
exserted valves of the ovipositor are characteristics separating the two.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Nelson).

Type: No. Hy/790, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female in xylol-balsam
(mounted with a homotype female of Aphelinoidea howardit).

Since the above was written I have captured another female specimen of the genus from
the same window, December 9, 1911. This specimen bore the distinct but short marginal ciliation
as figured in the original description of acuminatum by Perkins ; otherwise, it could not be sepa-
rated from the species described above, excepting that the discal cilia were in better condition ;
thus along the cephalic wing margin is a straight paired line (the caudal line more regular, not
confused with the margin) running directly from the apex of the marginal vein. Although these
two specimens may be considered the same species, yet it is indeed remarkable how all the marginal
cilia of the fore wing could have been so neatly severed from dubium in such a manner as to leave
no trace of them ; and this is the more remarkable since the marginal ciliation of the caudal wings
was uninjured and perfect. This fact is inexplicable on any other supposition than that the two
specimens belong to distinct species of the genus and I shall so treat them for the present. The
second specimen was acuminatum.

2. PTERYGOGRAMMA ACUMINATUM Perkins.
Perkins, 1906, p. 265, pl. XX. fig. 7; also introduction, p. xxvi.

“ Bundaberg, Queensland, from jassid eggs embedded in twigsof Eucalyptus.” “ Eggs of
Partessus syrtidis.”

As recorded above I captured a single female specimen of this species on a window in men’s
quarters on a sugar farm at Nelson, N.Q., December 9, 1911. It was captured in practically the
same place as was the specimen of dubium. Another female was taken in the same place,
December 18,1911. The species is similar to dubium except as pointed out above and as follows :
The oblique line of discal cilia leading from the stigmal vein bears from 4-5 cilia which are
distinctly longer than the other discal cilia, at least twice the size. The neck of the stigmal
vein is slenderer and thus more distinct and its knob is less rounded, more ovate. The whole
of the mesonotum (including mesophragma) appears to be very finely, densely, longitudinally
striate (in reality, densely minutely roughened or alutaceous) but not so with dubium ; the
caudal femora in acuminatum bear little or no polygonal sculpture. The fore wings are not so
plainly and uniformly fumated as in dubium, their distal thirds clear or nearly. The species
occurs at least in Bundaberg and Nelson, Queensland. The male of this genus was thought to be
represented by the following species which, however, was found to be a female.

102 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

3. PTERYGOGRAMMA SEMIFUSCIPENNE new species.
Female :—Length, 0°60 mm. ; moderate in size for the genus.

General color black, the vertex and the whole of the dorsal aspect of the thorax lemon-
yellow ; antennz greyish ; legs black excepting trochanters, knees, distal ends of tibize and all
tarsal joints which are white. Eyes and ocelli carmine. Sheaths of the ovipositor black. Fore
wings deeply fumated proximad, the fumated area conspicuous and extending slightly beyond
the tip of the stigmal vein, absent in the space between the latter and the cephalic wing margin.
Distal third (or over) of fore wing clear.

Similar to the other species of the genus, acuminatum and dubium. At once distinguished
from the latter by reason of the presence of marginal fringes on the fore wing and the nonuniformity
of the fumation of that wing ; also in the more colored legs, especially posteriorly. From acumin-
atum this species differs in that the marginal cilia of the fore wing are longer, the fumation of that
wing much more pronounced and more clearly limited, not extending distinctly distad of the apex
of the stigmal vein and the proximal joint of the intermediate tarsi is not so long and slender as
in acuminatum and dubium ; moreover, in regard to the latter, a distinct rounded area of minute
discal cilia situated nearer the caudal margin under the middle of the marginal vein in semifusei-
penne but farther disto-caudad in acuminatum, is much less noticeable if not absent; at least
the minute cilia are fewer and scattered. The posterior marginal cilia of the posterior wing are
longer in acuminatum. About eleven lines of discal ciliation in the fore wing ; the oblique line
leading back from the stigmal vein with only about three cilia which are intermediate in size
between those of either acuminatum or dubium.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen mounted in balsam when alive, and captured
from a window in the School of Arts at Nelson, N.Q., January 25, 1912. (A.A.G.)

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Nelson).

Type: In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, No. Hy/792, the foregoing female on a slide.

DIAGNOSIS OF THE SPECIES OF PTERYGOGRAMMA PERKINS.
FEMALES.

Ovipositor long, that is inserted far up near the base of the abdomen and distinctly
exserted at apex.

l. Fore wings with comparatively sparse discal ciliation, the lines some distance
apart and not more than a dozen in number. Posterior wings with but a
single line of discal ciliation. Substigmal spot more or less visible.
Marginal fringes of the fore wing practically absent, extraordinarily short ; fore
wing slightly fumated throughout ; oblique line of discal cilia leading
back from the stigmal vein not conspicuous and including not more than
three cilia, which are not much larger than the other discal cilia. Meso-
notum not longitudinally striate. Caudal coxe polygonally sculptured dubium Girault.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 103

Marginal fringes of the fore wing distinct, moderately short ; fore wing fumated
only out slightly beyond the venation ; oblique line of discal cilia rather
conspicuous, each cilium distinctly larger than the other discal cilia ;
mesonotum apparently finely, longitudinally striate ; caudal coxe not

sculptural polygonally acuminatum Perkins.

Marginal fringes of fore wing longer ; fore wing pronouncedly fumated but only
out to the apex of the stigmal vein. Posterior tibie nearly all black .. semifuscipenne Girault.

Genus USCANA Girault.

1. USCANA GALTONI new species.*
Female :—Length, 0°55 mm. ; smaller than the type species ; the abdomen more rounded,
the ovipositor not exserted, the fore wings smaller and more densely and irregularly ciliate discally
as compared with the species of Pterygogramma. |

General color dusky, the vertex and mesonotum yellowish ; ocelli and eyes bright red, legs
concolorous but trochanter, knees, distal third of tibiæ and proximal two tarsal joints pallid.
Antennæ concolorous. Fore wings dusky or fumated out to the end of the venation, the remaining
portion clear. Abdomen with faint, dusky transverse stripes.

Genitalia consisting of a needle-like ovipositor which arises at the distal two thirds of the
venter from between two plates, and which project slightly beyond the apex of the abdomen ; this
organ thus appears very much like the ovipositor in the females of Trichogramma.

As concerns this specimen the probabilities of its being (1) a male of Pterygogramma, or (2)
the female of this genus distinguished from Pterygogramma by its short ovipositor should
constantly be held in mind here. The last probability is the more certain and its characteristics
appear to be due to specific distinctness rather than sexual.

The antenne are like those of Pterygogramma, but the fore wings differ in discal and
marginal ciliation. In regard to the former there are about eighteen lines which give the blade of
the wing more the appearance of a Trichogramma than of Pterygogramma ; moreover the oblique
line of discal cilia leading back from the stigmal vein includes five cilia and the line is curved and °
the cilia themselves no larger than those of the main discal ciliation. The marginal cilia differ
from those of the female Pterygogramma in that they are less dense and shorter, arranged in fact
as in Trichogramma. The venation agrees with that of Uscana. The posterior wings bear three
lines of discal ciliation the first two paired and resembling the single line present in
Pterygogramma ; but the third line is less distinct and has the cilia placed farther apart in the
line. The marginal cilia of the posterior wing are shorter than with the last-named genus.

(From one specimen, same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured October 6, 1911 from the windows of
a barn on a wheat farm at Roma, Queensland.

* This species was at first taken to be a Pterygogramma ; it differs from the type of its genus in being lighter in color, in
bearing somewhat! onger marginal cilia on both wings and narrower fore wings which are more regularly fumated.

104 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Subsequently a second female was taken from a window in a hotel at Nelson, N.Q.,
January 26, 1912 (Cotype in U.S.N.M.).

Habitat : Queensland (Roma and Nelson).
Typ2: No. Hy/791, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female in xylol-balsam, Nelson.

Dedicated to Francis Galton.

Genus APHELINOIDEA Girault.
1. APHELINOIDEA HOWARDII new species.

Female :—Length, 0°60 mm. ; moderate for the genus.

The same as Aphelinoidea semifuscipennis Girault in general coloration and appearance
but differing in the following details. The fuscation of the fore wings is lighter, less distinct and
only accented in a transverse dash leading out from the stigmal vein ; it also extends somewhat
less farther distad, only to the end of the venation, not a little distance beyond it. The whole
of the dorsal aspect of the thorax is bright lemon-yellow, the vertex also, while the antennz are
dusky, with the proximal club joint and distal half of pedicel pallid yellowish ; coxæ and femora
dusky, the remaining portions of the legs mostly pallid.

The fore wings themselves are distinctly broader, bearing about thirty or more lines of discal
cilia across their widest portion (in the type species only about twenty), broadest at their distal
fifth (farther out toward the apex than in the type species) ; they also bear distinctly shorter
marginal cilia, the longest (disto-caudad) not more than a twentieth of the wing’s greatest width,
very short (about twice the size of the discal cilia). The posterior wings also differ in bearing
slightly shorter marginal cilia, in being distinctly broader and less acuminate and in bearing five
lines of discal ciliation instead of three (one near the cephalic margin—the very short marginal
cilia appearing as if paired with it—a second line paired along the distal half of the blade and a
line near the caudal margin also paired along the distal half of the blade, making three complete
lines and two half lines). The marginal ciliation of the posterior wing along the cephalic margin
is shorter than with semifuscipennis. Distal tarsal joints dusky. Discal ciliation with a few lines
occasionally regular. Otherwise approximately the same as the type species with which it is
closely allied. A very beautifully marked species.

Male :—Unknown.

Described at first from a single female specimen captured from the panes of a window in
a barn at the State Farm, Roma, Queensland, October 6, 1911. Respectfully dedicated to Dr.
Leland Ossian Howard, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agricul-
ture, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., whose broadmindedness has helped very much to advance
science, applied and otherwise.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Roma, Nelson, Mareeba, Yungaburra and Tolga.

Type: No. Hy/797, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female (Roma) in xylol-balsam.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIZRAULT. 105

Subsequently, I captured two more females from a window in men’s quarters on a sugar
farm just outside of Nelson, N.Q., December 4 and 5, 1911 and one in a spider’s web, same
situation, December 17, 1911. Also two more of the same sex in the same place, December 21,
1911 and January 4, 1912; also a female at Tolga, December 28,1911. On January 2, 1912,
a seventh female was captured from the panes of a window in a carhouse at the depot at Mareeba,
N.Q. Two females captured at Yungaburra, December 30, 1911 from a window were overlooked.

2. APHELINOIDEA SPECIOSISSIMA new species.

Female :—Length, 0°85 mm.; large for the genus. Fore wings with the apical third
fuscous, then crossed by a hyaline band.

General color velvety black, marked with contrasting bright lemon-yellow as follows:
The vertex and all of the dorsal aspect of the thorax (excepting pronotum, which is dusky) and
base of abdomen (continuously), a rather large subquadrate spot along the dorso-lateral aspect
of the abdomen about midway between the caudal margin of the yellow of the base of the latter
and the apex and a much smaller spot, a dot, directly caudad of the centre of the large spot and
distant about the width of the latter ; also ventral third of face and the scape. Antenne (excepting
scape) and a broad band between the eyes, dusky ; legs black, or nearly, the trochanters, knees
and tips of tibie pallid yellow, the tibial tips nearly white, the latter color extending the whole
of one aspect of the cephalic and intermediate tibiz ; tarsi yellow, the distal joints slightly darker.
Eyes and ocelli ruby red. Tip of the valves of the ovipositor black, the ovipositor itself yellowish.
Fore wings characteristic, fuscous but crossed at the apex of the venation by a broad hyaline band
which expands caudad from each of its sides. The outer third or more of the wing is clouded,
followed by the hyaline band ; then the inner third or more of the wing is clouded but less uni-
formly, the fuscation accented in a crescentic comet-shaped area with its tail emerging from the
caudal wing margin and its head entering at the apex of the venation ; this accentuation coincides
with the proximal margin of the discal ciliation. Proximad, most of the naked base of the wing
appears to be subhyaline. Apical two thirds of the marginal vein black, proximal third yellowish
white, remaining venation dusky yellowish. The yellowish white proximal third of the marginal
vein contrasts. Venation of posterior wing dark. Posterior wings hyaline.

Fore wings very broad, pyriform, oblately rounded at apex, only about one and a half times
longer than broad, for the genus its marginal cilia very short, barely differentiated as in Ujens,
its discal ciliation dense and fine, normal, but proximad in the fuscous comet-like area distinctly
coarser but as dense, terminating near the caudal margin of the wing, opposite the middle of the
submarginal vein, in a sharp point drawn out in a line of two or three cilia which points up toward
the venation ; under the latter, the wing is naked. The discal ciliation is distinctly less dense in
the hyaline band and there the cilia commence to enlarge somewhat. Fore wings bearing about
from 45-50 longitudinal lines of discal cilia across its widest blade portion. Marginal vein of fore
wing distinctly shorter than the submarginal vein, rather broad, somewhat less elliptical ovate
in shape and at the apex terminating abruptly in a small, sessile, knob-like stigmal vein which

106 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

appears like a drop of liquid adhering to the disto-caudal angle of the marginal vein. The stigmal
vein, however, bears a rather prominent uncus which points disto-cephalad. The distal, black
portion of the marginal vein bears a rather dense mass of stiff black bristles which are arranged
in four or five longitudinal rows ; the submarginal vein bears four or five bristles, scattered along
it, the first (distal) two largest. Posterior wings rather broad, poniard-shaped, acute at apex,
bearing three very distinct longitudinal lines of discal cilia, the lines complete, all meeting at the
apex, the first directly at the cephalic edge of the blade, the second cephalad of the midlongitudinal
line of the wing blade, broken or somewhat irregular before reaching apex, the third line longest,
some distance out from the caudal wing margin. Marginal cilia at cephalic margin normal, short,
slightly shorter than the marginal cilia of the fore wing (apex); those of the caudal margin
moderately long, slightly longer than the greatest width of the blade, very much longer than
those of the cephalic margin but at the apex only slightly longer than the short cilia of the wl ari
margin. Venation of posterior wing clavate.

Tarsi 3-jointed, the joints of the intermediate tarsus longer than those of the others,
moderately long, slender and subequal, the proximal joint thickest ; joints of the other tarsi
averaging about a third shorter, lengthening distad, the distal two joints subequal and longer
than the proximal joint. Tibial spurs single, the cephalic one very minute (the strigil absent),
the caudal one moderate in size, moderately small but the intermediate one long and slender,
acuminate, about as long as the intermediate tarsal joint of either the cephalic or caudal legs.
Legs normal. Parapsidal furrows complete ; femoral impression absent. Abdomen about as long
as the head and thorax combined, rather stout, conic-ovate, pointed at apex, the valves of the
ovipositor projecting slightly beyond. Eyes naked ; ocelli in a triangle in the centre of the
vertex, all much closer to each other than any are to the eye margins. Mandibles with three teeth,
the two outer (lateral) of which are acute, the third shorter and obtuse.

Antenne 5-jointed—scape, pedicel, one ring-joint and a 2-jointed, conic-ovate and some-
what stout club; scape compressed, subequal to the distal club joint ; pedicel long, obconic,
two thirds the length of the scape; club stouter, shaped somewhat as in Chetostricha flavipes
(Girault), its proximal joint forming a fourth of its length, subhemispherical, the distal joint
conical, terminating acutely, broad at its base. Pubescence moderate, scattered.

Body bearing stiff bristles. In the discal ciliation of the fore wing there is one more or
less distinct, straight line of cilia originating at the junction of the proximal fuscated area with
the caudal wing margin and running straight distad to about the middle of the distal fuscated
area where it becomes lost in the ciliation. Tarsal claws present.

Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured by sweeping low vegetation in a denuded
gorge, a short way up the side of Pyramid Mountain, Nelson (Cairns District), N.Q., November
21,1911. Afterward, another female was captured by sweeping in an open forest near Nelson,
January 29, 1912. The yellow areas on the abdomen were not quite so conspicuous in this
specimen.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAUTLT. 107

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson). Elevation about 300 feet.

Type: No. Hy/800, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female in xylol-balsam (November
21, 1911). |

This extremely beautiful species differs markedly from the other species of the genus—
semifuscipennis Girault and howardii Girault—as may be seen by consulting their descriptions.
From semifuscipennis, besides its general color, it differs in having broader posterior wings, much
broader fore wings, especially more broadly, flatly rounded at apex, in bearing shorter marginal
cilia on the fore wing, in being much larger and in its whole general appearance. From howardi,
structurally, it differs also in being larger and more robust, in having the fore wings broader and
more flatly rounded at apex, the ciliation denser but it is more like howardii than semifuscipennis.
It bears less discal ciliation in the posterior wing than does howardit.

3. APHELINOIDEA WEISMANNI new species.

Female :—Length, 0°35 mm. ; small for the genus.

A species similar to the type species, the American semifuscipennis, but differing in colora-
tion in having the proximal joint of the antennal club pallid forming a conspicuous pale ring around
the base of that segment of the antenna. Also, the fumation of the fore wing extends only to
the end of the venation, not slightly beyond it, and all tibiz and tarsi are pale yellowish and the
scutellum, knees and trochanters, the scutellum more yellowish, lemon-yellow. Structurally,
weismanns differs from the type species in bearing somewhat narrower fore wings which have
shorter marginal ciliation, the longest only about three fourths the length of the longest marginal
cilia of the fore wings of semifuscipennis ; the discal ciliation of the fore wings in the latter species
are also somewhat coarser and there are several more lines across the widest blade portion. Other-
_ wise, the same as semifuscipennis.

Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured from the windows of a barn on a wheat
farm near Roma, Queensland, October 6, 1911.

Habitat : Queensland (Roma).
Type: No. Hy/799, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forenoted female on a slide.

Respectfully dedicated to Professor August Weismann of Freiburg for his part in stimulating
the philosophy of biology.

4. APHELINOIDEA HUXLEYI new species.
Female :—Length, 0°55 mm. ; moderate in size for the genus.

The same as kowardii, but the dorsal aspect of the thorax is darker, more brown, instead
of bright yellow, the tibiz nearly all black and the tarsal joints shorter.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)

108 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Male :—Unknown.

Described from two female specimens mounted in balsam and taken from the windows of
a granary on the State Farm, Roma, Queensland, 6 October, 1911. Also one female, Yungaburra,
N.Q., December 30, 1911 and another at Mareeba, N.Q., 2 January, 1912, both on windows.

Habitat : Queensland (Roma, Yungaburra, Mareeba).
Type: No. Hy/798, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female on a slide (Roma).
This is probably a color variant of howardii.

Dedicated to Thomas Henry Huxley for his dogged courage, tenacity of purpose and
insistence on truth.

5. APHELINOIDEA PAINEI new species.

Female :—Length, 0°50 mm; moderate in size for the genus.

General color bright orange-yellow, the sides of the thorax dusky ; antenne and legs paler
yellow, both suffused somewhat with dusky; eyes and ocelli bright red ; wings hyaline but
sooty at base out just not quite to the apex of the venation, the fumation accented distad, especially
just under the apex of the marginal vein. Vertex dusky and with a number of scattered, minute
black dots. Sheaths of ovipositor dusky. Venation yellow, excepting the sooty marginal vein.

Differs from all members of the genus in being mostly yellow, the abdomen entirely yellow,
the legs only lightly dusky on the femora and tibize. Nearest structurally to howardw and huxleyi,
the posterior wings bearing five lines of discal ciliation and the fore wings of about the same
width. From howardii it differs in having the antennal joints all shorter and stouter, the marginal
ciliation of the fore wings somewhat longer ; from the other species—hualeyz—in the same particu-
lars. Thus, its coloration mostly distinguishes it.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Not known.

Described from one female specimen, mounted in xylol-balsam, captured at Nelson, N.Q.,
April 10, 1912 from the panes of a window in men’s quarters on a sugar farm.

Respectfully dedicated to Thomas Paine, one of the manly defenders of truth and reason
and author of the Rights of Man and the Age of Reason.

Habitat : Queensland, Australia (Nelson near Cairns).

Type: The above female in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, No. Hy/990 ; mounted
with a female of Neobrachista fasciata Girault, captured at the same time.

DIAGNOSIS OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF APHELINOIDEA GIRAULT.

l. Fore wings fumated both proximad and distad, a hyaline band separating the two
fumated areas at about the middle of the wing or more distad ; a large naked
area under the venation bounded caudad by sharply delimited discal ciliation.
Posterior wings broad.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 10%

Dorsal aspect of thorax, abdomen at base, vertex and a large subquadrate spot
along dorso-lateral aspect of the abdomen bright lemon-yellow ; legs black,
but knees, trochanters, tips of tibiæ pallid, the tarsi yellow. . an .. speciosissima Girault,

2. Fore wings fumated proximad only ; no discal ciliation under the venation, excepting
two or three cilia. Posterior wings moderately narrow.

Posterior wings broader, bearing five lines of discal ciliation ; antennal club yellow-
ish, Fore wings broad, bearing about thirty lines of discal ciliation across
their widest blade portion.

(a.) Abdomen black.

Dorsal aspect of thorax and vertex yellow ; coxe and femora blackish, the
knees, tibiz and tarsi (excepting distal joint) pale yellow to silvery

white ; robust .. zh My ce ae oT is .. howardii Girault.
Dorsal aspect of thorax darker, brown, verging to yellow caudad ; coxæ,
femora and-tibiæ black, white only at tips .. a nba .. huxleyi Girault.

(b.) Abdomen bright orange-yellow.

Body all bright orange excepting sides of thorax, femora and antennæ
which are suffused with dusky. Legs pallid nal T -. painei Girault.

Posterior wings narrower, bearing but three lines of discal ciliation ; antennal
club with the proximal joint pallid white, the distal joint dusky yellow.
Fore wings comparatively narrow with only about eighteen lines of discal
cilia.
Scutellum of thorax yellow ; coxæ and femora slightly dusky, the remaining
portions of the legs pallid. Small ae z ji as -. weismanni Girault.

SUBFAMILY TRICHOGRAMMATINÆ Girault.
Trise TRICHOGRAMMATINI Girault.

GENUS TRICHOGRAMMA Westwood.
1. TRICHOGRAMMA AUSTRALICUM new species.

A single male specimen of this species was captured by sweeping grass on sand along the
left bank of the Pioneer River, Mackay, Queensland, October 15, 1911. A second specimen, a
female, was captured by sweeping along the grassy margin of a (then) dry brooklet along the east
bank of the Mulgrave River, near Pyramid Mountain, Nelson (Cairns), November 25, 1911. Three
days later, another female was captured in bright sunlight, late afternoon. She was found ovi-
positing into a lepidopterous egg (presumably of a butterfly) which had been deposited upon the
under surface of a low weed growing along the margin of a canefield. When captured by inverting
a vial over it, the host egg was also introduced and though loose in the vial and the latter had been
shaken up considerably, several minutes afterwards the little parasite was busily ovipositing into
it again. The habitat at each place of capture was nearly similar, sand along a river, among lowly
plants and grasses.

The species first identified as minutum Riley, the commonest member of the family, cannot.
be considered that species, since it differs as follows : The cephalic line of discal cilia of the caudal
wing is absent, a characteristic which distinguishes this species from retorridum (Girault) ; the
curved oblique line of discal cilia leading back from the stigmal vein includes not more than three

110 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

cilia, usually two (but sometimes five) ; the funicle joints of the antennz are both wider than long ;
the antennal pedicel is distinctly longer than the funicle, subequal in minutum ; the irregular
patch of discal ciliation at the apex of the fore wing between the fourth and fifth regular lines
(counting from cephalic margin) is absent. Otherwise (male and female) as in minutum. Colors :
Dusky black, the scutellum, metanotum and vertex bright orange-yellow ; eyes and ocelli red ;
fore wings fumated proximad as in minutum. Appendages dusky. Male the same. The fore
wings bear about from 12-14 longitudinal lines of discal ciliation.

(From three specimens, the same magnification.)

Described from one male and two females captured as noted above and mounted in xylol-
balsam.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Mackay, Mareeba, Innisfail, Herberton, Nelson).

Types: No. Hy/801, Queensland Museum, 1 ¢, 1 @ in xylol-balsam, two slides.

Subsequently I captured a fourth specimen, a female, taken from the panes of a window
in men’s quarters on a sugar farm near Nelson, December 9, 1911. This specimen differed from
the others in being nearly uniformly yellow, and in having five cilia in the oblique line leading back
from the stigmal vein. Another specimen, like the first ones, and a female was taken December
26, 1911 from the window of afoundry at Mareeba, N.Q.; two females were captured from the win-
dow of an empty dwelling at Herberton, N.Q. December 28, 1911; these specimens had longer
marginal fringes on the fore wing disto-caudad, but the length of these fringes varies with the
species of this genus if not in all genera of the family. On January 9, 1912, a male was captured
while crawling over the panes of a window in a hotel at Cairns ; and on the llth a female from
another window at Innisfail (formerly Geraldton). Thus, the species appears to be rather common
along the east coast of Queensland. More recently, a male specimen was taken at Cooktown, N.Q.,
February 3, 1912 from a window in an empty dwelling ; and at the same place, three females
from a window in a hotel, February 6, 1912; and two others from the same window two days
previously. These were all typical specimens. |

A male was also captured at Nelson from a window, April 10, 1912, and a pair, April 23.
Still later, a male at Nelson on April 30, 1912 by sweeping in a forest, a female May 24 in the
same place and a female from a window, June 14, 1912.*

2. TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM Riley.

This widely distributed, hence variable, species I think has been recorded from New
Zealand but I am unable to give the citations here. However, as I treat fully of the distribution
of this species in a paper which should have been already published in the Bulletin of the Wisconsin
Natural History Society, Milwaukee but which I have not seen and thus cannot cite definitely,
it is unnecessary to go farther into the matter here. A number of its hosts occur in New South
Wales but I have not seen minutum in Queensland. }

= = San

* On July 3, 1912, I captured a female by sweeping grass over a small bog along the bank of a narrow forest stream near Nelson ;
the stream itself was clothed narrowly along each side with typical jungle which gave way to forest a short distance from the water.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 111

A month or two later, however, I captured a female of it at Rossville, N.Q., on a window,
February 23, 1912. It was compared with North American specimens.

PARATRICHOGRAMMA new genus.

Female :—Head normal, the eyes large, the antennz inserted ventrad of the middle of the
face, 5-jointed—scape, pedicel, a ring-joint which is very minute, a subquadrate funicle joint
smaller than the pedicel and a subpetiolate, short, solid, broadly ovate club. Mandibles tridentate,
weak. Body short and rather compact, as in Trichogramma Westwood, the thorax and abdomen
subequal in length, the parapsidal furrows complete, the mesoscutum large, cuneate, widest
cephalad, over twice the length of the mesoscutellum which is subhemispherical, thus wider than
long. Mesophragma penetrating half of the abdomen. Ovipositor not exserted, inserted slightly
distad of the apex of the proximal half of the abdomen. The latter ovate to subcylindrical, sessile.

Fore wings nearly as in T'richogrammatoidea Girault, their discal ciliation sparse but
arranged in regular radiating lines, the oblique line of cilia running back from the stigmal vein
absent, the marginal cilia short. Venation forming a flat bow and not approaching the costal
wing margin, rather peculiar, the submarginal vein long, apparently breaking or curving twice
before reaching the marginal but in reality changing angle at its distal two thirds and there thicken-
ing and becoming colored, resembling closely the stigmal vein ; between the clavate end of the
submarginal vein and the foot-shaped clava representing the stigmal vein is the colorless, gently
curved, slenderer marginal vein ; the latter is shorter than the stigmal vein which in turn is only
two thirds the length of that part of the submarginal vein distad of its curve ; the stigmal vein
bears three prominent setz (plus several others), the distal end of the submarginal vein two.
Fore wing fumated proximad. Posterior wings moderately broad, posteriorly with long marginal
cilia and with but a single, inconspicuous line of discal cilia. Tarsi 3-jointed, the joints moderate
in length and subequal, those of the cephalic legs shorter, the proximal joint somewhat the shortest
of the three ; strigils absent ; tibial spurs single, moderate in length, those of the intermediate
legs longest, somewhat over two thirds as long as the proximal joint of the intermediate tarsi.

Male :-—Unknown.

A genus resembling and allied with Trichogramma Westwood from which it differs in bearing
an undivided funicle and less strongly developed venation, the stigmal vein being practically but
a clavate ending of the marginal vein. It appears to be a more primitive type than Trichogramma
or rather a more recent one, the funicle being reduced to one joint and the venation degenerated.

Type : The following species.

1. PARATRICHOGRAMMA CINDERELLA new species.
Female :—Length, 0°60 mm. ; moderate in size for the family.
General color dusky yellowish, the color irregular, more yellowish in some places (around

the mouth and eyes, at base of abdomen), the legs and antennz dusky or greyish black, in the
former excepting the trochanters, knees, distal fourth of tibiæ and proximal two tarsal joints

112 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

which are pallid or whitish ; club of antennz with some yellowish along the edges. Venation
pallid, excepting the brownish yellow distal end of the submarginal vein and the stigmal vein.
Fore wings fumated proximad out as far as the middle of the marginal vein, the fumation sooty
black and not uniform, the rest of the wing very clear. Eyes bright red. Caudal wings colorless.

Sculpture of the body inconspicuous, that of the mesonotum, however, alutaceous, traced
with irregular polygonal areas. Fore wings with about five radiating, regular lines of discal
ciliation running from the apex and none long. Marginal cilia of fore wing longest disto-caudad,
there twice longer than the very short cilia disto-cephalad and at extreme apex. Caudal wings
transparent, except the yellowish apex of the venation and at extreme base, subpetiolate, the
portion of the wing proximad of the end of the venation slenderer but not extremely so, the
blade moderately wide, without discal ciliation, excepting a colorless line along the cephalic
margin, the marginal cilia caudad long, one and a quarter times the greatest width of the blade.

(From one specimen, same magnification.)
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured December 4, 1911 on the pane of a.
window in the mess of workmen’s quarters on a sugar farm, near Nelson, Queensland. Later, on
December 20, 1911 a second female was taken from a spider’s web against a window in the same
place. And a third female from a window in an empty dwelling at Thursday Island, Torres
Strait, March 13, 1912.

Habitat : Australia—Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District and Thursday Island, Torres
Strait.)

Type: No. Hy/S02, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female in xylol-balsam (Nelson).

2. PARATRICHOGRAMMA FUSCA new species.

Female :—Length, 0:60 mm. ; normal in size for the genus.

The same as cinderella but differing structurally as follows: The venation of the fore
wing is uniform and continuous and forms toward the end a gentle curve ; the fore wings are
slightly fumated throughout and more densely ciliate (about eighteen lines of discal cilia) discally,
the lines of cilia long and apparently there is no noticeable sootiness proximad ; the antennal club-
joint is longer. Otherwise, same as the type species. The venation dilates a little at the apex
of the marginal vein.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen remounted in xylol-balsam from alcohol and.
captured from the window of a dwelling at Cooktown, N.Q., February 3, 1912.

Habitat: Australia—Cooktown, Queensland.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 113

Type: No. Hy/803, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 1 Q in xylol-balsam (mounted with
the type female of Polynema spenceri Girault* and two trichogrammatids).

What I believe is the male of cinderella was captured on the window of a hotel at Cooktown
on February 6, 1912, running over the pane with several specimens of Trichogramma australicum
for which I mistook it. It agrees very well with cinderella but I shall not attempt to identify it
with that species. The structural characters are nearly the same as with the female but the
funicle joint has the peduncle shaped like an extension of one side, while the apex of the joint is
scooped out somewhat ; the peduncle is also longer and more conspicuous and the funicle itself

longer.
Genus TRICHOGRAMMATOIDEA Girault.

1. TRICHOGRAMMATOIDEA FLAVA new species.

Female :—Length, 0°33 mm. Minute, barely visible to the naked eye. Similar to nana
but uniformly orange-yellow, the wings hyaline or nearly and more rounded at apex, flatly rounded
in nana. It is much smaller than lutea, has the fore wings very lightly fumated out to the end of
the venation and the discal ciliation sparse and inconspicuous. :

(From a single female, the same magnification.)

Male :—Not known.

Described from a female captured as noted below.

Habitat : Australia—Rossville in the Cooktown District, N.Q.

Type: No. Hy/995, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the one female mounted in xylol-
balsam.

2. TRICHOGRAMMATOIDEA NANA (Zehntner).

A single female of this characteristic species was captured by myself from the panes of a
window in a private residence at Kuranda, N.Q., November 4, 1911. Formerly it has been
known from Java only. Being parasitic upon the eggs of sugarcane insects, its occurrence here is
not strange. It is an introduced species most probably.

But subsequently, another female of the genus was captured in a store, February 23, 1912
in the little mining settlement of Rossville, N.Q., about thirty miles back through the forest
from Cooktown. This specimen appeared to represent an unknown species and I have described
it just above. a AE

TABLE OF THE AUSTRALIAN GENERA OF THE TRICHOGRAMMATID.
FEMALES.

The genera marked with an asterisk are new and described in the preceding pages.
SUBFAMILY I. CHÆTOSTRICHINÆ. ae
Submarginal vein of fore wing reaching the costal margin at the point where it joins the marginal vein,
the latter straight or nearly, the stigmal vein forming more or less of an acute angle with it. , Venation of the
fore wing straight.

* Described in Part II.

114 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

TRIBE l. CHa:TOSTRICHINI.

The funicle of the antennæ is present. The bulk of the Australian genera belong to this tribe,

Ovipositor not exserted nor prominent, nor are its valves.
Antenne 9-jointed.

Two ring-joints and a 2-jointed funicle.

Fore wings with the discal ciliation normal for the Chalcidoidea.

Fore wings moderate in width, the marginal cilia at apex short ;
abdomen conic-ovate ; pedicel of antenna larger than funicle ;
stigmal vein nearly neckless $

Fore wings with the discal ciliation arranged, more or less, in longi-
tudinal lines.

Stigmal vein sessile or neckless ; oblique line of discal cilia from stig-
mal vein may be present.

Fore wings nearly as in Oligosita ; their discal ciliation sparse, their
marginal cilia moderately long; joints of antennal funicle
wider than long

Antenne 8-jointed.
One funicle joint ; two ring-joints.
Fore wings broad, distad with long marginal cilia ; club 3-jointed ;
ovipositor only half the length of the abdomen x
Fore wings not very broad, distad with short marginal cilia ; club 3-
jointed ; ovipositor inserted at base of abdomen and extending
to tip

Two funicle and ring joints. Marginal and submarginal veins nearly equal,
short.

Antennæ with the funicle apparently twisted and indistinctly divided
obliquely, much larger than the pedicel; male antennæ
different ; abdomen short, stout, obliquely truncate at apex.
Fore wings short and rather broadly rounded at apex, the
discal ciliation with some peculiarly distinct lines ; marginal
cilia of the fore wing very short.; neck of stigmal vein not
slender. Ovipositor short, inserted at the middle of the venter

Antenne with the funicle normal but shorter than the pedicel; male
antenne not different; abdomen longer than the thorax,
conic-ovate, acute at apex; fore wings slenderer, without
some of the lines of discal ciliation peculiarly distinct ; mar-
ginal cilia moderately short; neck of stigmal vein slender.
Ovipositor long, inserted at base of the venter

Antenne 7-jointed with one ring-joint.
Funicle 1-jointed, the club 3-jointed. Discal cilia of fore wing sparse and
more normal than otherwise. Marginal vein very long; ovi-
positor inserted at base of venter.

Fore wings with the longest marginal cilia subequal, more or less, to
the greatest width of the blade, the wings slender ; abdomen
long ; stigmal vein subsessile. Club slender ..

Funicle 2-jointed, the club 2-jointed. Discal cilia of fore wing moderately
dense and in lines; marginal vein very short and stout; ovi-
positor short, inserted toward tip of venter.

Fore wings with the marginal cilia very short ; stigmal vein subobso-
lete ; antennal club broad and conie

Brachistella Girault.

Abbella Girault.

Brachista Haliday.

Neobrachista Girault *

Ufens Girault.

Japania Girault.

Oligosita Haliday.

Brachygramma Girault. *

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I.—GIRAULT. 11a

Antenne 6-jointed with one ring-joint, the funicle 2-jointed. Marginal vein
short. Discal cilia of fore wing moderately sparse and in regular lines.

Fore wings with the marginal cilia between a fourth and a fifth the

greatest width ; with the habitus of Trichogrammatoidea ..

Either the ovipositor or its valves is distinctly exserted for a length equal to a fifth
or more of that of the abdomen.
Antenne 9-jointed with three ring-joints.

Ovipositor inserted slightly proximad of the middle of the venter ; funicle
l-jointed ; marginal vein short, the discal ciliation of the fore
wing dense and normal but with a few lines peculiarly distinct
and regular ; marginal cilia short ; submarginal vein very long ;
with a habitus of Neobrachista. Very robust for the family ..

Antennx 7-jointed with one ring-joint.

Funicle of antenna l-jointed, the club slender; marginal vein long ;
discal cilia of fore wing in regular lines, the marginal cilia mode-
rate in length ; ovipositor exserted for about a third of the length
of the abdomen. With the habitus of Lathromeroidea

Funicle of antenna 1-jointed, the club 3-jointed and swollen ; stigmal vein
distinct ; discal cilia of fore wings rather dense, normal; mar-
ginal cilia moderate in length; ovipositor exserted for not more
than a sixth the length of the abdomen. With the habitus
of Tumidiclava .

TRIBE 2. LATHROMERINI.

The funicle of the antenna is absent. Four genera peculiar to Australia
belong here together with three others more widely distributed.

Antennal club more than 3-jointed.

Antennal club 5-jointed.
Antenne 9-jointed with two ring-joints ; marginal vein long and slender.

Antennal club ending in a spinelike seta ; ovipositor inserted at base of
the abdomen, the latter as long as the head and thorax combined;
no oblique line of discal cilia from the stigmal vein ; marginal
cilia of fore wing short, much less than a fourth the greatest wing
width. Fore wings moderately broad. Body long | $

Antennal club not terminating in a spinelike seta ; ovipositor the same
but the abdomen short and acute, the body short and compact ;
an oblique line of discal cilia leading back from the stigmal vein ;
marginal cilia of fore wing moderate in length, about a fourth or
more the greatest wing width. Fore wings narrow

Antenne 8-jointed with one ring-joint ; marginal vein short.

Antennal club clothed with long, stiff, spinelike setæ and fusiform-
acuminate in shape, the terminal joint long and acuminate, the
proximal joints transverse ; fore wings as in Ufens as is also the
body a = a 3 i Si rie i os

Antennal club 3-jointed.
Antennz 6-jointed with one ring-joint, the club normal, not swollen.

Marginal vein of fore wing longer, subequal to the submarginal or nearly,
about thrice the length of the stigmal vein ; abdomen long and
conic, the long ovipositor inserted at its base and slightly exserted
beyond its tip ; discal cilia of fore wing rather sparse but in regu-
lar lines ..

Pseudogramma Girault,”

Neobrachistella Girault.*

Centrobiella Girault.*

Neocentrobia Girault.*

Lathromerella Girault.*

Lathromeroidea Girault.*

‘Haeckeliania Girault.*

Pterygogramma Perkins,

116 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Marginal vein of fore wing shorter, only about half the length of the
submarginal and about twice the length of the stigmal ; abdomen
short, the ovipositor short, inserted near the middle of the venter
or farther distad and not at all exserted ; discal cilia of fore wings
dense, less distinctly in regular lines ed ie S Dy

Antennæ 7-jointed, the club 3-jointed and swollen ; two ring-joints.
Marginal vein long but the stigmal a mere spur from the marginal, appar-
ently absent ; club terminating in a spinelike seta
Antennal club 2-jointed.
Antenne 5-jointed, the club cylindrical ; discal ciliation dense and normal, the

marginal cilia short; marginal vein more or less swollen; stigmal
vein very small

SUBFAMILY II, TRICHOGRAMMATINÆ.
Submarginal vein of fore wing not reaching the costal wing margin but
joining directly with the incurved proximal end of the marginal vein, the latter
curved, the distal end of the submarginal vein, the marginal and stigmal veins
forming a regular sigma or arch whose apex is about at the middle of the mar-
ginal vein where the latter reaches the costa; or the veins forming a regular bow.
Venation of the fore wing curved.

TRIBE l. TRICHOGRAMMATINI.
The venation of the fore wing forms a bow.
Antennal club solid, comprising but a single joint; ovipositor not exserted ; one
ring-joint.
Antenne 6-jointed, the funicle 2-jointed.

Fore wings relatively broader, the discal and marginal ciliation short ;
funicle without minute, bladder-like appendages ; male antenne
not distinctly segmented, paa but 4-jointed, the distal
joint long and nodular : site = <

Fore wings relatively narrower, the anal ciliation distad PA
long ; funicle with minute bladder-like appendages; male
antennæ distinctly 8-jointed .. is

Antenne 5-jointed, the funicle 1-jointed.

As in Trichogrammatoidea nearly ; marginal cilia of fore wing short ;
venation a very flat bow ; stigmal vein a mere footlike clava from
the marginal vein

TRIBE 2. POROPGINI.
The venation of the fore wing forms a sigmoid arch.

There are no Australian genera belonging to this tribe.

LITERATURE REFERRED TO.

Uscana Girault.

Tumidiclava Girault.

Aphelinoidea Girault.

Trichogramma Westwood.

Trichogrammatoidea Girault..

Paratrichogramma Girault. *

1906. Perkins, R. C. L.. Bull. No. 1, Division of Entomology, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association,

Honolulu. Introduction and part 8.
1910. Idem. Fauna Hawaiiensis, Cambridge, England, II., part VI.
1911. Girault, A. A. The Entomologist, London, June.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 117

AUSTRALIAN
HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II

The Family Mymaride with Description of New Species.*

By A. A. GIRAULT.

INTRODUCTION.

I PRESENT herewith the second part of the Australian Hymenoptera
Chalcidoidea, dealing with that family of excessively minute insects, the
Mymaripa. No new genera have been found thus far in Australia. All the
previously known forms have been captured excepting one or two, and thirty-six
new species are described, together with several new varieties. The paper is
restricted solely to the systematic results but it should. be stated that most of
the collections in the group were made along the east coast of Queensland only
and it is very probable, therefore, that a rather large number of forms remain
as yet unknown, especially from the western coast of Australia and from the
interior. For the present, also, I reserve any discussion of the taxonomy of the
group and follow the present arrangement of the subfamilies and tribes. It
may turn out, as Perkins has thought, that the group represents a superfamily
but certainly it will form a very small and decimated one.

Where duplicate specimens exist, they will be deposited in the United
States National Museum, Washington, D.C., U:S.A., as co-types. All specimens
were described after being mounted in xylol-balsam.

DEDICATION.

This small contribution and result of pleasant labor is dedicated to the
genius of mankind, more especially to that form of it expressed in monistic
philosophy whose conceived perception I think is the highest attainment reached
by man. It embraces the kernel of bald truth as far as experience and reflection
have detected it and sums up the known and unknown of countless generations
of men and the countless efforts of thinkers of all ages, nationalities, peoples,
civilisations and schools, religious or otherwise. I therefore respectfully dedicate

* Contribution No. 4, Entomological Laboratory, Sugar Experiment Stations, Mackay, Queensland.

118 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

each new species to monistic philosophers, whole or in part, not as a small
memorial to each but rather as symbolising through each man’s life, some of the
highest milestones yet reached in the progressive development of the nervous
system in man. This is a high dedication for so small a work. As a rule,
one man or group of men form but poor symbols and in a sense are falsely set
up as such, since it leads to hero-worship and idolatry to do so. But these
men must be taken to represent the ideas behind them, for which they lived and
worked. In this sense, they represent inquiring humanity, striving to penetrate
the unknown, to disperse superstition and false religions and to attain to
complete understanding of the relations of mankind to the universe, thus
attaining human justice and unity, through a complete knowledge of his nature.

On the other hand, the gregarious nature of man has so debased his
independence of character that it is undoubtedly true that only the exceptional
individual differentiates himself from the fold and becomes the inquiring part
of humanity. From this point of view, these men are leaders and what we
designate as great. That is no reason for worshipping them, however. They
illustrate what humanity is capable of and that it is not necessary in order to
live aright to subordinate one’s mind to stultifying, more or less degrading and
certainly misleading dogmatisms, nor to conventionalities, nor to every whim
of fashion or authority. These men, too, represent some of the highest points
yet reached in the building which humanity is slowly constructing while the
foundations and framework are composed of the common, ordinary individuals
of many kinds and degrees of goodness, badness and indifference, but neverthe-
less essentially a part of the whole building and the source of all its perfections.

HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA.
Famy MYMARIDA Haliday.
SUBFAMILY GONATOCERINÆ Howard.
Trine OOCTONINI.

Genus OOCTONUS Haliday.

1. OOCTONUS AUSTRALIENSIS Perkins.
Perkins, 1905, pp. 191, 193, 194, 195, pl. xm, fig. 2 (lowest two figs.).

Idem, 1906, p. xxiv.

‘“* Hab.: Cairns, Queensland; two examples extracted from eggs of a
conspicuous Tettigonia common in the canefields’’ (Perkins, 1905) ; in the second
citation, Perkins records the host as ‘‘ Eggs of Tettigonia (albida or parthaon).’’

I have not seen this species as yet nor any others from Australia.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 119

TrBE GONATOCERINI.
Genus LEIMACIS Foerster.

1. LEIMACIS LOMONOSOFFI new species.
Female :—Length, 0:70 mm.; moderately small for the family.

General color bright lemon-yellow, the tip of the ovipositor sheaths and
pronotum dusky black; eyes and ocelli bright red; antennal flagellum, venation,
cephalic margin of the fore wing (somewhat) and distal tarsal joints dusky
black; remaining joints of all legs, antennal scape and pedicel concolorous with
body. Wings hyaline but slightly suffused with dusky, especially proximad.

With the habitus of an Anagrus but the antenne but 8-jointed and tarsi
5-jointed. Fore wings moderate, resembling somewhat those of-an Oligosita,
moderately narrow and gradually widening out as far as the apex of the
proximal two thirds, then more rapidly widening especially because the cephalic
margin becomes convex; discal ciliation not regular, grouped irregularly,
moderately sparse and fine, about seven to eight longitudinal lines across the
widest portion of the wing, including a line across the margins, arranged in
a curved group of three lines in the disto-cephalic half of the blade, the lines
reaching the apex and there joining another group of three lines in the disto-
caudal half of the blade which are straighter and the cephalic line of which is
short (at the most including four cilia) and over the centre of the others; thus
but two of these lines reach the apex; proximad, each group of lines straggles
out to one and the cilia become smaller; other discal ciliation absent, hence
there are large naked spaces in the blade. Marginal cilia of fore wing moderately
long and subequal along both margins, the longest cilia about three fourths the
wing’s greatest width. Caudal dilatation of fore wing (along caudal margin)
small, just indicated. Marginal and submarginal veins long and subequal, the
former about ten times longer than its average width, obclavate, terminating
along the costal edge, hence the ‘‘stigmal’’ vein (or downward prolongation of
the marginal vein) is absent. The marginal vein is hard to differentiate from
the costal wing margin; it bears a large seta at-its apex and two others of
nearly equal size at its base and middle respectively (besides about half a dozen
small sete). Posterior wings very narrow, acuminate, its venation at apex
bearing four hooklets; discal ciliation consisting of a single line along the
cephalic margin and a paired line along the caudal margin, absent elsewhere;
marginal cilia moderate, the longest (caudad) about thrice the width of the
blade, those of the cephalic margin more than a half shorter.

Abdomen sessile, conic-ovate, slightly longer than the thorax, its segments
unequal, the sheaths of the ovipositor distinctly exserted but only for a short
length (about a fifth of the abdomen’s length). Base of abdomen rounded,
subsessile in appearance, not broadly, truncately attached. Tibial spurs single,

420 .- MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

short, the cephalic one forming a normal strigil; tarsal joints moderate in length,
shortening distad. Ovipositor running nearly the whole abdomen’s length.
Mesophragma absent. :

Antenne 8-jointed, resembling those of Anagrus. Seape with its bulb
long, thrice the length of the usual pedicel, the latter four or five times the size
of the small proximal funicle joint, which, however, is longer than wide;
‘remaining portion of antenna somewhat like that of Anagrus See
(Ashmead), the joints gradually widening distad; joints 2 and 3 subequal in
length but 3 is stouter; 4 still stouter, cylindrical, subequal in length to 3
or about a fourth shorter; 5 a fourth shorter than 4 and stouter, yet still
cylindrical and about twice longer than:wide. Club ovate and stouter, -about
equal to the combined length of the two joints preceding, bearing several
obliquely longitudinal sulci, which give the appearance of lamellate segmentation
-as in the elub of Stethynium. | _ Pubescence of antenna apparently absent but
sparse and thin. ase ate

(From one specimen, 1/6-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)

M ale: :—Unknown.

Described from a single ae specimen found dead, adhering to the
under surface of a leaf of a shrub among a scattered mass of minute, elliptical

¿white eggs apparently those of a mite; the shrub was growing along the east
edge of the Mulgrave River about a mile south of Nelson, N.Q.

The specimen was taken on November 28, 1911.
‘Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District).
| Type: No. Hy /1068, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female in xylol-

balsam.

Respectfully dedicated to the Russian peasant, Michael Wassiliewitsch
‘Lomonosoff, afterward physical chemist, professor and man of affairs, one of
the fathers of modern chemistry and profound research scholar.

Genus ALAPTUS Haliday.
All in normal position.

1. ALAPTUS IMMATURUS Perkins.
Perkins, 1905, pp.. 188, 191, 193,.194, 197, pl. xu, fig. 5; 1906; p. xxiv;
1910, p. 661.

This species was briefly described by Perkins (1905) from specimens
reared from sugarcane leaves at Bundaberg, Queensland. I have captured what
appears to be a female specimen at Babinda, Queensland, October 29, 1911. This
specimen was found crawling over the under surface of a leaf of imported

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 121

citron growing wild near the jungle and which was infested with leafhoppers
-(jassids and fulgorids) and doubtless psocids. The description of immaturus
omits all details of the wings but the specimen before me agrees in general with
‘the figure of the antenna published with the description and also is pallid lemon-
yellow in colour, with the two basal antennal joints concolorous, the flagellum
darker. I believe, therefore, that immaturus is the species in question, though
it is possible that this is not so, the wings being different. I add the following
descriptive details and compare the species with some American forms, Fl ik
‘of which I have before me: The fore wings are normal and’ margined with
‘brownish; their marginal cilia are very long, longest caudo-distad, there about
thriece''the greatest wing width; as usual they are pallid a short distance out
from the wing edge, forming the usual halo-like clear path around the margin
of the wing at apex; the discal ciliation is absent with the exception of.a single
line along the caudal margin and a double line along the cephalic margin;
proximad, some distance out from the venation, is a single central isolated cilium
and another at about the base of the distal third of the wing; near this, just
caudo-distad is a line of five cilia, near the inner of the two lines along the
cephalic margin; this short line does not reach the wing. apex by over a third
of its own length; all of these cilia in reality form the long inner line of cilia
near the cephalic margin. The fore wings are hyaline, but clouded somewhat
‘near base. The caudal dilatation along the caudal margin opposite the venation
‘is very acute and resembles the fin of a fish; its pointed, sharp apex forms
‘distad a concave curve with the caudal margin of the wing. Marginal vein of
fore wing long, about six or more times longer than wide but shorter than the
submarginal vein. Caudal wings are slender clavate, gradually widening distad,
obtusely pointed at apex and bearing but a single line of discal ciliation, which
does not reach the apex and which is not quite central. Its marginal cilia are
not quite as long as those of the fore wing; the blade is dusky and obscurely
maculated.

Tarsal joints ictus distad, the proximal joint much the longest,
moderately long. Antennal pubescence normal.

This Australian species differs from the American cecilii Girault very
much; the latter has a longer scape and pedicel and the second funicle joint
is longer in its relation to the first; the fore wings in cecilw are narrower
and their discal ciliation (the line of five cilia) is much farther caudad and
more central; the posterior wings are more clavate, hence broader. The general
body color is more intense than with ammaturus whose color is more or less
inconspicuous and obscure. From the American icerye Riley, it differs not
so much in color but the scape is shorter in immaturus and the funicle joints
longer ; the first and second funicle joints in the Australian species, for example,
‘are twice the length respectively of the corresponding segments in icerye.
_Again, the fore wings of the latter are narrower, bear less midlongitudinal discal

122 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

cilia (only one or two cilia in the midlongitudinal line); the caudal wings are
about the same in each species. The species cannot be confused with either the
English minimus Walker or the American intonsipenms Girault which have the
long proximal funicle joints of the antenne and the different midlongitudinal
discal ciliation of the fore wings—none in minimus* and in intonsipennis the
single long line; nor with the species globosicormis Girault which has the
characteristic submoniliform antennal funicle.

These notes were taken from the specimen above mentioned, mounted
in xylol-balsam, 1/6-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb. Subsequently
a female at Herberton, N.Q., December 28, 1912 and one at Nelson, April 10,
1912, both on windows.

Habitat: Australia—Bundaberg, Herberton and the Cairns oe Sah N.Q.
Sandwich Islands—Oahu (Perkins, 1910, p. 661).

2, ALAPTUS MÜLLERI new species.

Female :—Length, 0:28 mm. ; about normal in size for the genus.

General color deep brown, the abdomen somewhat darker. Eyes and
ocelli dark reddish; antenne and legs concolorous with the body but the scape
of the former and the femora and tibiew of the latter are somewhat darker. Fore
wings hyaline, except at base. Posterior wings dusky and maculate. Fore wings
margined usually with brownish. :

Unlike in antennal and wing structure any species of the genus but more
nearly allied with minimus Walker than to any other species. Differing from
minimus principally in bearing more discal ciliation on the fore wing—hbesides
the two rows along the cephalic wing margin and one row along the caudal edge
there are four cilia in the midlongitudinal line of the wing from near the apex
and a line of three cilia farther proximad, running distad from the distal half
of the blade and not in a straight line; these two lines are not very far apart
from each other (proximo-distad), only about twice the distance between any two
cilia in either of the lines. If joined, they would form one continuous line,
reaching nearly from the apex to the middle of the wing.

The species minimus bears no true midlongitudinal discal ciliation on the
fore wing. The antenne are nearly similar to those of minimus but the pedicel
is distinctly longer than the first funicle joint; the second joint as in minimus
is much the longest of the funicle, comparatively long and slender. From the
American intonsipennis, miillert differs in general body color being brown

* In regard to the genus Alaptus, it must be held in mind that the fore wings of all species so far seen by me
bear two distinct rows of discal cilia along the cephalic edge and one along the caudal. Thus intonsipennis differs
from minimus really in bearing an additional line of discal ciliation. This detail has been confused by mein my
former treatment of this genus.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 123

instead of black and in bearing the longer antennal pedicel; besides its midlongi-
tudinal line of discal cilia of the fore wing is nearer the cephalic margin, is
longer and continuous. From the American species globosicornis, this species
may be distinguished readily by the marked differences in antennal structure ;
moreover, it has more discal ciliation and both of its wings are somewhat broader
but the two species agree nearly in general coloration yet miilleri is darker
brown. From the species icerye Riley, cecil Girault and eriococct Girault it
differs again in bearihg more abundant discal ciliation—icerye only one or two
cilia, cectlu only a row of from three to six cilia, the row central and distant from
the wing apex and ertococci three or four cilia, similarly situated; cæcilii is
distinctly different in general coloration, bears narrower fore wings and the
third funicle joint is longer in relation to the fifth; icerye is more olivaceous,
less intensely brown than miilleri, its proximal two funicle joints are much
shorter and its wings narrower; eriococci is more closely allied but its proximal
funicle joint is shorter, especially in its relation to funicle joint 5, which is
distinctly longer than it. If anything, funicle joint 5 in miilleri is slightly
shorter than funicle joint 1. From immaturus Perkins, mülleri differs in its
darker coloration, in the arrangement of the diseal cilation of the fore wing and
as follows: the second joint of the antennal funicle in milleri is distinctly
longer, also the pedicel; the venation of the fore wing is distinctly shorter and
the antennal scape is longer and more slender.

(From one specimen, 1/6-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen mounted in xylol-balsam and
received for identification from Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of. the Bureau of
Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., and
bearing the label “‘871. Swan River, W. Austr. G. Compere.” Dedicated to
Johnnes Müller, the great student of comparative physiology.

Habitat: Australia—West Australia (Swan River).

Type: No. Hy/1052, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Q., one female in
balsam. (In the centre of the slide. )

3. ALAPTUS GLOBOSICORNIS Girault.

A single female of what I think cannot be otherwise than this species
was captured while writing at a table in an hotel at Nelson, N.Q., December 5,
1911. The specimen was barely visible as it walked along over the surface of
some paper and was noticed by accident only. It is greyish in general coloration,
with the narrow scutellum light orange, thus differing from a specimen of the
species from Honolulu, Hawaii, which is deep brown. Also, the fore wing bears

124 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

but a single discal cilium. Nevertheless, I cannot distinguish them structurally.
In the original description of globosicorms, the second funicle joint is figured
quite too large in relation to joint 1; in both of the specimens now before me
(the one recorded from Hawaii, the other captured in Queensland) joints 1.and
2 of the funicle are subequal and wider than long; joint 3 is decidedly longer
than either 1 or 2 and globular-ovate, longer than wide and the remaining joints
enlarge in proportion. If this is not true with the types of globosicornis, the
antenne of that species being as figured, then there must be at least two species
concerned here, if not three, since differences in coloration would then amount
(perhaps) to a specific character. Girault (19lla) makes a remark, however,
about the proximal funicle joint as figured in the original description of
globosicornis which leads to the same inference as that above—namely, that the
original figure is wrong in respect to the first two joints of the antennal funicle.

Later on I captured another female and two males from the panes of a
window. The two males were taken from the windows of a barn on a wheat
farm at Roma, Queensland, October 6, 1911; while the female was taken from a
window in workmen’s quarters on a sugar farm at Nelson, N.Q., December 18,
1911. These all agreed in general coloration and structure of the wings. The
male antenne heretofore unknown are now described: Filiform, 10-jointed;
funicle joints all longer than wide, the first shortest, a fourth or more shorter
than the second; joints 2-7 subequal in length but 2 and 3 equal and each
slightly shorter than joints 4-7 taken separately ; distal joint conical but subequal
in length to joint 7 of the funicle.

In the two male specimens the single central discal cilium was missing
from the fore wings; one of them had also become nearly black since its immersion
in xylol-balsam.

Later on at the same place that the last female was captured I obtained
two more females on December 19, 1911 (plus one female of the new species
described below) and another on the following day. One of these females had
both of the midlongitudinal discal cilia present; all were colored like the others
captured in Queensland. Also from windows at Nelson, two females, January
23, 1912; three females two days later and three on January 26, 1912.

The two following geographical varieties :—

1. Alaptus globosicornis hawaiiensis new variety, deep reddish brown.
(See Girault, 1911a, p. 132.)

2. Alaptus globosicornis australiensis new variety, greyish, the scutellum
light orange.

Type of hawatiensis: No. Hy/1053, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 1 9
in xylol- balsam (Honolulu, August 3, 1900).

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 125

Type ot australiensis: No. Hy/1054, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 3 Q’s
in xylol-balsam, 1 slide (Nelson, N.Q., January 26, 1912).

4. ALAPTUS NEWTONI new species.
Female :—Length, 0-25 mm.; a mere speck; usual in size for the genus.

General color greyish, dusky or ashy* like the specimens of globosicornis
noted in foregoing; all of the legs pallid, including the coxe; the scape and
pedicel also dusky, the remaining part of the antenna concolorous with the
dusky, ashy grey of the body. Fore wing very lightly uniformly fumated
throughout, the posterior wings distinctly splotched with dusky.

Exactly similar to the above specimens of globosicornis in all particulars
excepting these: the proximal tarsal joints of the legs are shorter and the
proximal funicle joints of the antenne are longer and unequal, not about equal
and longer than wide but each distinctly longer than wide, cylindrical, the
second joint over a fourth longer than the first and distinctly about twice
longer than its width, which is uniform. Also the funicle joints are not globular
but from the third, cylindrical ovate. There are two discal cilia in the midlongi-
tudinal line of the fore wing, isolated and situated as with globosicornis.

From miilleri this species differs in general coloration, its fore wings are
narrower and with less midlongitudinal discal ciliation and in its antenna the
distal funicle joint is barely shorter than the second though wider; but in
miillert the distal funicle joint is distinctly shorter than funicle joint 2; the
latter joint is longer in miilleri. From the remaining Australian species,
immaturus, this species differs in bearing narrower fore wings with less midlongi-
tudinal discal cilia; the details of coloration also differ. In antennal structure
it somewhat resembles cecilii of North America but upon comparison the two
species are seen to have distinct habiti and furthermore cecil is of a distinct
bright yellow in color,} its antennal club is longer and in the antennal funicle’
the second funicle joint is distinctly longer than the distal joint and longer
relatively to joint 1 than is the case with newtoni; also in cecilii the proximal
joints of the tarsi are distinctly longer than those of newtoni. From icerye
Riley, newtoni differs not so much, in fact resembling it closely; but in icerye
the proximal funicle joints are shorter, thus funicle 1 is subquadrate, barely
longer than wide and funicle 2 is only one and a-half times its own width, if
that much hence in icerye funicle 3 is longest of the three proximal funicle
joints; in newtoni funicle joint 2 slightly the longest. From eriococci Girault,
another species described from North America, newtoni differs not very much
but the legs are paler, the fore wings bear but two discal cilia (in eriococci

* Some of the specimens later were bright lemon-yellow.
+ See previous footnote.

126 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

there are four, the statement made by Girault, 1908, p. 193, in the table of species
of Alaptus being erroneous, the statement in the original description of eriococct
being correct) ; also the general body coloration appears to be different, lighter
in newtoni. |

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )

Male :—Unknown.

Described at first from a single female specimen mounted in balsam and
captured from the panes of a window in men’s quarters on a sugar farm near
Nelson, N.Q., December 19, 1911. Later four females were obtained from a
window in an empty dwelling on Thursday Island, Mareh 13 and 14, 1912. One
of these bore five cilia in the midlongitudinal line of the fore wing, from the
middle, each end of the line about equidistant from apex and caudal excision
respectively.

Habitat: Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District; Thursday Island, Torres
Strait).
Type: No. Hy/1055, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female in xylol-

balsam (mounted with two females of A. globosicornis Girault as above identified
and the type female of Anaphoidea harveyi Girault*).

Although resembling closely cecilia and ertococci, I think this species is
quite distinct. It is respectfully dedicated to Sir Isaac Newton, who discovered
gravitation.

DIAGNOSTIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF ALAPTUSs

HALIDAY.

FEMALES.
Funicle joints of antenne all short, wider than, long or
subglobose. Fore wings with but one or two

midlongitudinal discal cilia.

First two funicle joints subequal, wider than long, small.
Deep reddish brown .. AY. Ag 3 globosicornis hawaiiensis Girault.
Greyish, ashy, the scutellum light orange .. .. globosicornis australiensis Girault.

Funicle joints of antenna not all short, wider than long or
subglobose but at least the proximal joints cylindrical,
more or less elongate and longer than wide, the distal
joints usually cylindrical ovate. Fore wings usually
with more than two midlongitudinal discal cilia.

Foré wing without discal cilia in the midlongitudinal
line but of the two cephalic lines of discal cilia
the inner stands out some distance from the wing
margin forming a long line of cilia from apex
nearly to venation. Second funicle joint longest,

four times longer than wide.
Pale lemon-yellow, the two proximal joints of

antenna concolorous .. ee sE .. tmaturus Perkins.

* Described on a later page.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 127

Fore wing with discal cilia in the midlongitudinal line.

The midlongitudinal discal cilia slightly cephalad
consisting of about seven cilia in one line,
the cilia far apart, the line in the distal half
of the blade; second funicle joint longest,
the first shorter than the third ; second funicle
joint four times longer than wide,

Deep brown Y hi “a yA .. millerr Girault.

The midlongitudinal discal ciliation consisting of

not more than five (usually less) cilia in a

short line which is about midway between

apex of the wing and the venation; second

funicle joint longest but only twice longer

than wide, subequal in length to the pedicel.
Greyish dusky to lemon-yellow .. aoe .. newtoni Girault.

Genus LITUS Haliday.
1. LITUS SCHLEIDENI new species.

Female :—Length, 0-33 mm. ; moderate in size for the genus; very minute.

Differing at once from the two known species of the genus in coloration ;
general color greyish black, the thorax and basal part of abdomen except a
transverse band at the middle, lighter, greyish, the transverse band (the
scutellum) still paler, pale yellow. All of legs and scape, pedicel and first
funicle joint of the antennæ pallid the remaining portions of the antenna greyish
black. Both wings fumated throughout with greyish.

Differing structurally from cynipseus Haliday (see Girault, 1911b, pp.
363-364) as follows: The proximal funicle joint, though much shorter than
funicle joint 2, yet is distinctly longer than wide and slender; the fore wings
are curyed; the posterior wings are not maculated. From enocki Howard, it
differs structurally in having the two proximal funicle joints unequal, joint 1
only about two thirds the length of joint 2.

Fore wings slender, nearly as in Alaptus, the dilatation along the caudal
margin opposite the marginal vein conspicuous, the wing being slightly the
widest across it; discal ciliation of the fore wing not dense but distinct; con-
sisting of about five lines, a pair along each margin and a short line in the
middle of the blade (midway between apex of venation and apex of the blade),
sometimes extending quite to the apex but leaving a variable, more or less distinct
naked area in the blade just back from the apex; discal ciliation disappearing
proximad out from the apex of the marginal vein a distance over the latter’s
length (in other words, the proximal half of the blade is naked). Marginal
cilia long as in Alaptus, the longest fully three and a half times the greatest
width of the wing; the usual clear path around the wing margin distad; the
fore wing is bent at its proximal three fourths. Marginal vein moderate in

128 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

length, five times longer than wide. Posterior wings slender and straight,
slightly narrower than the narrow part of the fore wing (just distad of the
dilatation), bearing a single line of discal ciliation along the cephalie margin
and another, more conspicuous long line from the apex and slightly cephalad
of the midlongitudinal line of the blade. Longest marginal cilia of caudal wing
somewhat shorter than the, corresponding cilia of the fore wing.

Abdomen short, sessile, ovate, the valves of the ovipositor slightly
exserted ; mesophragma present; the five tarsal joints short. Antenne 9-jointed ;
pedicel globular, much wider than the first funicle joint; proximal two funicle
joints cylindrical, the others gradually enlarging; funicle joint 2 longest, joint
3 only slightly longer than joint 1 and slightly thickening distad; joints 4,
5 and 6 each subequal to joint 3 in length but cylindrical oval, 6 somewhat
the widest; elub of antenna long-ovate, equal to or somewhat longer than the
preceding three joints. Funicle joint 5 sometimes slightly shorter than 4 and 6.
Club of antenna no wider than the funicle distad. Pubescence of antenna con-
sisting of whorls of soft, short sete, much as in Alaptus Haliday.

(From two specimens, the same magnification as with species of previous.
_ genera.)

Male -—Unknown.

Described from two female specimens captured while running over the
panes of a window in an empty dwelling at Herberton, N.Q., December 28, 1911.
Much smaller than Alaptus immaturus Perkins. Dedicated to Matthias
Schleiden who discovered the living cell.

Habitat : Queensland (Herberton).

Type: No. Hy/1051, Queensland eee Brisbane, one female in zy lol
balsam (mounted with a female of Alaptus immaturus Perkins).

Genus DICOPUS Enock.

1. DICOPUS PSYCHE Girault.
Girault, 1912, pp. 22-23.

This species, recently described from Suva, Fiji, from a single male
specimen, is represented I think by a single female captured from the panes
of a’ window in a private residence late in the afternoon of June 10, 1912 at
Nelson, N.Q. The body coloration is much darker than described for the male,
being sooty or greyish black, but the antenna and legs are greyish and the fore
wings fumated as described for psyche; it agrees with the description of the
latter excepting as noted. The posterior wings are petiolate out to the base of
the distal third, there broadened into a blade. The specimen resembles the type

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I1.—GIRAULT. 129

of the genus as figured by Enock with the exception of antennal structure and
discal ciliation. Thus, from the English species it differs in not having the
scape angular along its dorsal margin and much longer in proportion to the
pedicel (thrice or more longer), the funicle joints are more uneven, the second,
third and fourth joints being elongate, subequal, each about twice the length of
the first which is subequal in length to the pedicel or slightly shorter and about
twice longer than wide; the two distal funicle joints are subequal, cylindrical
ovate, joint 7 being intermediate in length between them and the three joints
preceding it; either of the distal two funicle joints is longer than the proximal
joint of the funicle. The club is slender, conic-ovate and acutely pointed, not
much longer, however, than the combined length of the three preceding joints.
The antenne are thus much more slender than with the type species and resemble
those of camptoptera Foerster. It is extremely gratifying to be able to connect
this female specimen with the Fijian psyche, since it leaves little or no doubt
that the male of the genus has been correctly described. The antennal club
and scape of this female are subequal in length. Parapsidal furrows complete.

Habitat: Fijian Islands “(Suva); Australia—Nelson, near Cairns,
Queensland.

Genus GONATOCERUS Nees.

All in normal position.

1. GONATOCERUS BACONI new species.

Male :-—-Length, 0-90 mm.; moderate in size for the genus.

General color golden yellow, the distal tarsal joints, antennal flagellum,
distal half of the abdomen and distal portions of the thorax (more obscurely),
black. Scape, pedicel, middles of femora, most of all tibiae, venation and portions
of the head dusky yellowish. Wings hyaline or sometimes with a brownish
appearance.

Fore wings slender and graceful, the blade paddle-shaped, narrowing
like a handle just distad of the venation, the blade bearing about fifteen longi- 7
tudinal lines of discal cilia, the latter dense and moderately fine; marginal cilia
of fore wing rather long for the genus but really for the family, only moderate
in length, the longest (disto-caudad) slightly less than half the wing’s greatest
width, the cilia gradually lengthening from the cephalic margin around the apex.
The longest marginal cilia of the fore wing are about equal to the longest cilia
of the posterior wing (caudal margin). Posterior wing very narrow, pointed,
not at all widened across the venation, its cephalic marginal. cilia very short,
those of the caudal margin about two and a half times the blade’s width at
its middle. Caudal wings with a double line of discal ciliation along each
margin; the lines are complete.

I

130 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Two tines of cephalic tibial spur unequal ; strigil well developed; tarsal
joints nearly all equal, moderately short, the proximal joints, however, nearly
twice the length of any of the other four, moderately long.

Antennz 13-jointed, filiform, flagellar joints longitudinally striate, short,
the first somewhat shorter than the others which are cylindrical oval and slightly
over twice longer than wide; distal joint slenderer; pedicel obconic, distinctly
shorter than the first funicle joint; scape short but longer than any other joint.
Pubescence of antenne short, moderate, inconspicuous.

(From two specimens, 2/3-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Female :—Unknown.

Described from the two male specimens captured together while sweeping
low vegetation on sand, west bank of the Pioneer River, Mackay, Queensland,
October 15, 1911 (A.A.G.). Dedicated to the Roman Catholie friar, Roger
Bacon, who, in an early superstitious and ignorant century, long since laid down
the basis for science and reason. He was centuries ahead of his time.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Mackay).

Type: No. 4/1036, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland, the
above two males in xylol-balsam, one slide.

This species resembles somewhat the North American Gonatocerus aureus
Girault but differs from it in detail—for instance, the fore wings are more grace-
fully narrowed just distad of the venation, hence differently shaped.

2. GONATOCERUS DARWINI new species.
Female :—Length, 0-50 mm.; moderately small for the genus.

General color brown, the base of the abdomen golden vellow, the legs,
antenne and venation concolorous with the body, excepting the knees and
trochanters which are paler. Wings hyaline.

Differs from the foregoing species in bearing much broader, fore wings.
shorter marginal cilia and darker general color. Of the American species falling
in the group containing anthonom, americanus, texanus, brunneus, aureus and
pygmeus and may be separated from the first as follows: The marginal cilia of
the fore wing at apex are longer in darwini, at least a fourth longer and the
cilia caudad are also longer in proportion than those at the same place in the
American species; the four proximal funicle joints in darwini are all decidedly
smaller and the sixth joint is also shorter and more rounded. Moreover, the
base of the abdomen is yellow in darwini and the pale streaks on the mesoscutum
absent. Not very likely to be confused with the other American species of the
same group, which differ either in general coloration or else in some structurai

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 131

character. The fore wings bear about twenty-five lines of discal ciliation across
their widest portion; the caudal wings bear a paired line along each margin
and a similar but shorter line down the midlongitudinal line of the wing from
the apex.

Antenne 11-jointed, normal; proximal four funicle joints uneven, each
much smaller than the pedicel; joint 4 shortest of them, wider than long; funicle
joint 5 abruptly larger, subequal to the pedicel, more than twice the size of
joint 4; 6 narrower and a third shorter than 5; 7 subequal to 5 while joint 8 is
slightly shorter than it; joint 6 smaller than the joint preceding and the joints
following. Scape broad, moderate in length. Funicle joints 5, 7 and 8 subequal,
joint 6 intermediate between them and the four small proximal funicle joints.

(From two specimens, the same magnification. )
Male :—Unknown. |
Described from two female specimens captured October 15 and 19, 1911

while sweeping along the left bank of the Pioneer River, Mackay, Queensland ;
low vegetation on sand. Dedicated respectfully to Charles Darwin.

Habitat: Queensland, Mackay.

Type: No. Hy/1037, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female cn a
slide. |
3. GONATOCERUS HAECKELI new species.

Female :—Length, 0-65 mm.; moderately small for the genus.

General color uniform black suffused with dark brownish; legs dusky
yellowish, the caudal tibiæ brown, the trochanters, knees and tips of tibiæ
yellowish, the distal tarsal joint dusky. Wings hyaline except faint cloudiness
under the submarginal vein in the fore wing. Venation brown. Fore wing
not margined with yellowish. Antenne concolorous with the body.

Differs from darwini in bearing a naked space in the discal ciliation of
the fore wing under (caudad) the marginal vein and in having the valves of
the ovipositor distinctly but shortly exserted but less than with rivalis Girault
and ater Foerster, as well as in other characters. Because of its subexserted
ovipositor (valves) this species falls in the group of species containing maga
Girault, rivalis Girault and ater Foerster and may be separated from the former
by its broader fore wings which are not slender and graceful but bear about
twenty-two longitudinal lines of discal cilia and are similar, or nearly, to those
of anthonomi; also in haeckeli funicle joint 3 is much smaller, not subequal to
joint 5 of the funicle; the fore wings are hyaline excepting as pointed out above;
the antenne of haeckeli are not slender as with maga and rivalis. From the
latter, this species differs markedly in coloration, no yellow being present and
also in having the joints 2 and 3 of the antennal funicle short. From the Euro-
pean ater Foerster, haeckeli differs markedly in the size of the wings and less
noticeably in many other characteristics.

132° MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Abdomen econic-ovate, slender; fore wings nearly as in darwini but they
are somewhat broader, the marginal cilia slightly shorter and caudad of the
marginal vein no discal cilia are present excepting a line along the caudal edge
of the submarginal vein arising from the wing membrane and a shorter, oblique
line of about five cilia running caudo-distad from proximal end of the marginal
vein; this clear area projects into the discal ciliation in the form somewhat of a.
wedge.

Antenna 11-jointed, usual; first four funicle joints short and subequal,
each distinctly shorter than the pedicel and subquadrate or not much longer
than wide; distal four joints of the funicle larger, subequal to or slightly larger:
than the pedicel, distinctly longer than wide, broader, joints 5 and 7 subequal,
a fourth longer than joints 6 and 8 which are also subequal to each other.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification. )

Male:—The same but there is more yellow on the body, the base of the.
abdomen in the dorsal aspect is yellow, the flagellum paler, its joints short and
subequal, each only about one and a-half times longer than broad but all longer-
than the pedicel.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )

Described at first from a single female specimen captured from the panes:
of a window in a grocery store, Port Douglas, N.Q., October 30, 1911. Respect-
fully dedicated to Ernst Haeckel. Subsequently a female was taken by sweeping:
along the top of the coast. range at Double Island (Cairns), N.Q., elevation
about 450 feet, December 24, 1911. The fifth funicle joint was proportionately
smaller, the femora and intermediate tibiæ less dusky, lemon-yellow.

Habitat: Queensland (Port Douglas and Mossman; Double Island and
Aloomba near Cairns).

Types: No. Hy/1038, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one male, one female
in xylol-balsam. (Port Douglas, female; male, Double Island.)

On a small island called Double Island about three miles off the coast from
a bathing resort just north of Cairns, I captured a male by sweeping, Christmas.
Day, 1911. This specimen had scattered ciliation under the venation which was
not conspicuous. Also a male at Mossman, N.Q., on a window, 31 October, 1911,
and a pair at Aloomba, N.Q., by sweeping grass in a forest, July 7.

. 4. GONATOCERUS METCHNIKOFFI new species.

Female :—Length, 1:05 mm. ; rather large for the genus.

General color deep, rich brown, the base of the abdomen narrowly, pale-
yellowish; scape and to a less extent the pedicel, greenish yellow, the other
portions of the antennæ nearly concolorous but with a suffusion of olivaceous;.
cox, femora and distal halves of tibiæ blackish or deep brown, dark, the tro-
chanters, knees, proximal halves of the tibie (all of cephalic tibiæ) lighter brown.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—HU.—GIRAULT. 133

suffused with pink,* contrasting ; fourth tarsal joint paler, the distal joint dusky.
Venation olivaccous. Wings hyaline, the fore wings not margined with dusky.

Differing from baconi in general coloration and much broader fore wings;
from darwini also in being much darker, more specifically in bearing coarser
discal ciliation in the fore wing, which does not extend to the apex of the vena-
tion, in bearing a somewhat longer marginal vein, longer marginal cilia at the
cephalic margin of both wings and in having no midlongitudinal disċal ciliation
in the posterior wing (conspicuous distad in darwini); also in the antennæ of
this species the proximal funicle joint is distinctly longer than that of darwini, —
the four distal funicle joints are larger and between the fifth and sixth joints
there is not so much difference in size, these four joints in fact nearly subequal
in metchnmkoffi, not so in darwini, joint 6 being distinctly smallest of the four.
From haeckeli this species differs in having the legs darker, the fore wings with
much coarser discal cilia, the valves of the ovipositor not exserted and the
marginal cilia along the cephalic margin of the fore wing longer.

Fore wings moderately broad, their discal ciliation moderately coarse,
arranged only in about fifteen longitudinal lines across the widest blade portion,
their marginal ciliation shortest disto-cephalad; proximal tarsal joint much the
longest of the five; caudal wings bearing a paired line only of discal ciliation
along each margin, narrow, not broadened across apex of their venation, their
marginal cilia eaudad longer than the longest marginal cilia of the fore wing.
Tibial spurs single. Ovipositor not exserted.

Antenne normal; pedicel longer than any of the first four funicle joints;
the latter all short, opposed in this respect to the four distal joints, all of which
are over twice the size of any of them. Proximal funicle joint longest of the first
four, then joints 2, 3, and 4 gradually increase in size, joints 2 and 3 globose-
ovate; joints 5-8 subequal or else very slightly decreasing in length, cylindrical
ovate twice longer than broad and each distinctly longer than the pedicel; club
shorter than the scape.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured from the under surface
of a leaf of Ficus species growing along the east bank of the Mulgrave River
near Nelson, N.Q., during the afternoon of December 18, 1911. A species
characterised by the grouping of the eight funicle joints of the antennæ into
two groups of four subequal joints each, by its dark-brown color with the con-
trasting shadings on the legs, by the coarse discal ciliation of the fore wing
and by the lack of midlongitudinal discal ciliation in the posterior wing. As

* After being mounted in xylol-balsam, the latter was stained pinkish from the body of this species as often
noticed in the case of Anagrus armatus (Ashmead).

134 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

compared with the American species anthonomi Girault, this Australian species
differs again in having the coarser discal ciliation of the fore wing and in
having the distal funicle joints of the antenne longer; there are also
other minor differences, the most important of which are the lack of mid-
longitudinal discal ciliation in the caudal wings and the shorter ciliated region
of the disk of the fore wing. It has the general group likeness to anthonomi.
Respectfully dedicated to Elie Metchnikoff.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson).

Type: No. Hy/1039, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the foregoing female.

5. GONATOCERUS HUXLEYI new species.

Female :—Length, 0-95 mm.; moderate in size for the genus.

General color black, the abdomen more brown, distinctly marked with
yellow at base; antennæ and venation brown, the scape somewhat paler; coxe,
tibie and all tarsal joints brown, rest of legs pallid yellowish. Wings slightly,
uniformly embrowned throughout.

Distinct from both baconi and metchitkoffi but somewhat similar to
haeckeli and darwini, differing from both, however, in a number of points.
From darwini in general coloration and in bearing broader fore wings;
from haeckeli in that the discal ciliation of the fore wings extends normally
under the venation, in that the tarsi are all brown and in’ that joints
4 and 6 of the funicle are larger, the fourth joint larger than the first (of the
funicle). The fore wings bear about thirty-two lines of discal ciliation. The
proximal tarsal joints in the caudal legs are longer here than in haeckeli.

Antenne 11-jointed; funicle joints 1-4 gradually increasing in size,
grouped together and opposed to the following four joints which are all dis-
tinctly larger; joints 5 and 7 of the funicle subequal, each slightly longer than
joint 6 which is cylindrical oval but not quite twice longer than wide; joint 8
of the funicle slightly shorter than joint 7 and slightly stouter; proximal four
funicle joints all distinctly shorter than the usual pedicel; club-joint long,
cylindrical, tapering slightly distad and thickly covered with minute white dots.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Deseribed from a single female specimen taken from the window of a
granary on a wheat farm at Roma, Queensland, October 6, 1911. Dedicated
to Thomas Henry Huxley, the agnostic and doubter, champion of reason, truth
and Darwin.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Roma).

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 135

Type: No. Hy/1040, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the female in
foregoing, mounted in xylol-balsam (with specimens of Signiphora and
trichogrammatids).

6. GONATOCERUS COMPTEI new species.

Female :—Length, 1:00 mm.

General color bright golden yellow marked with black as follows: Faint
stripes across the abdomen one to each segment, distal half of abdomen ventrad,
most of antenne, especially the distal three joints; cephalic part of mesonotum
rectangularly across the meson, a triangular spot in the cephalic angle of each
parapside; several spots along the base of the scutellum and the metanotum
obscurely; also tip of the valves of the ovipositor, Antenne dusky, darker
distad, the lateral aspects of scape and pedicel golden yellow; legs yellow
throughout, the posterior tibiæ and femora with some black; eyes and ocelli red.
Venation dusky yellowish. Wings hyaline or nearly.

Similar in structure to bacõni nearly but differing thus: The fore wings
are somewhat broader, differ in shape and have shorter marginal cilia, the longest
of the latter not more than a third of the wing’s greatest width; there are
about eigliteén lines of discal cilia across the widest blade portion.. The fore
wings do not narrow like a handle proximad (just out from the venation). The
proximal joints of the posterior tarsi are shorter and stouter. The caudal
wings very narrow, acute at apex, bearing of discal ciliation only a paired
line along each margin, its caudal marginal ciliation slightly longer than the
longest marginal cilia of the fore wing. Ovipositor barely projecting beyond
tip of the abdomen.

Antenne normal for the genus. Second funicle joint longest, the third
next longest or about subequal to it; joint 4 of the funicle a third shorter, not
twice longer than wide as with joint 2, very slightly longer than joint 1, which
is not quite as long as the small pedicel; joints 5 and 6 of funicle narrower but
subequal to 4 and to each other ; joints 7 and 8 subequal, longer by a fourth
but not so long as joint 2.

. (From two specimens, the same magnification.)

Male:—The same, the abdomen darker and also the legs. Antennx
filiform, the club and other funicle joints longitudinally striate; the flagellar
joints gradually increasing in length distad, the club intermediate in length
between the first and last funicle joints; pedicel shorter than the first funicle
joint.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)

Described at first from three females captured by sweeping in a forest
adjoining the hamlet of Nelson, N.Q., February 18, 1912 (A. M. Lea and A. A.
Girault). On June 30, 1912 a female was taken at an elevation of 500 feet
in a forest at Nelson. i

136 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Dedicated to Auguste Comte, the positive philosopher, whose philosophic
principles, although not always right, were based ppon positivism, materialism,
realism or experience combined with reason.

Habitat: Australia— (Nelson and Aloomba, near Cairns; Ingham; Port
Douglas, N.Q.).

Types: No. Hy/1041, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one male, one
female (mounted on a slide, Nelson, May 26, 1912).

Subsequently a male and female were captured at Port Douglas, N.Q.,
March 25, 1912 from the windows of a general store. The wings were distinctly
stained, the head black excepting narrowly around the eyes and about the
clypeus and mouth. Also a pair at Nelson by sweeping floor of forest, May 26,
1912; when dipped in chloroform, they became blood-red. And two males, nine
EE ie at Aloomba, N.Q., July 7, 1912, sweeping grass in midforest; a female
by sweeping grass and foliage, 1,000 feet, Pyramid Mountain, spon Nelson,
August 17, 1912; and two females at Ingham, N.Q., July 17, 1912 by sweeping
grass in a boggy meadow bearing Pandanus.

7. GONATOCERUS CINGULATUS Perkins.
Perkins, 1905, pp. 193, 194, 195-196, pl. xm, figs. 2, 6. 1906, p. xxiv.

Female :—Length, about 1-00 mm.

General color golden yellow, the base of the abdomen paler; distal half
of abdomen, metanotum, much of the head and the antennex, excepting scape
and pedicel, black; antennal scape, pedicel, cephalic portion of mesonotum,*
spot at the cephalic corner of each parapside and the legs dusky, suffused with
yellowish. Venation dusky. Fore wings uniformly but not deeply stained.
Caudal tibix darker; sometimes all the femora lighter.

Allied with baconi and comptei but remarkably like the North American
aureus Girault. From bacon it may be distinguished by the shape of the
fore wings which differ as with compte: but it resembles baconi in coloration.
From compte: it differs essentially in the length of the proximal funicle joints
of the antennæ, with cingulatus increasing in length to the fifth joint but in
comptei funicle joints 4 and 5 are distinctly shorter than either 2 or 3. It
differs not very much from aureus—but the scape is shorter, the other antennal
joints stouter. Nevertheless, it is surprisingly similar.

(From four specimens, magnified the same.)

Male :—Deseribed beyond.

Redescribed at first from four females captured from the windows of an
empty dwelling at Thursday Island, Torres Strait, N.Q., Australia, March 13
and 14, 1912.

* Bee subsequent remarks.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 137

This species should be compared with the North American aureus before
its validity is accepted. I have compared it with a single female of that species
as identified by myself but, although I think it very probably the same species,
yet, for the present hold definite opinion in reserve. I could see no difference
excepting those mentioned. If it is aureus, that species is widely distributed,
since it occurs in North America and probably in Europe as I have noted
elsewhere.

This is undoubtedly cingulatus Perkins, agreeing with his description with
the exception of the ‘‘ two adjacent spots on the front of the mesonotum which
do not reach back to the middle.’’ In the above specimens, seen from the dorsal
aspect, the whole of the mesoscutum is dusky black except around the lateral
and caudal margins; seen from the side, only the cephalic third of the secutum
appears black and I believe some mistake has been made. The scutellum is
colored in the same way. Also in the foregoing and following specimens the
fifth funicle joint is longer than the fourth, the joints increasing in length from
1 to 5, which is longest; 6 and 7 are subequal and slightly shorter than 5, while
joint 8 is shorter than 7, distinctly shorter than 5. However, the proportionate
lengths vary somewhat and my specimens agree in general with the figure of the
female antenna given by Perkins in the place cited. Sometimes joints 5 and 6
are subequal, funicle joint 7 somewhat shorter than either.

I have subsequently found the following specimens, including the male
sex and I briefly describe it: A pair captured by sweeping grass near town,
Thursday Island, March 13, 1912. A female by sweeping grass in an open
forest near Nelson, N.Q., April 18, 1912. This specimen was more robust than
usual, the fore wings somewhat broader, the proximal tarsal joints longer but
otherwise I could not distinguish between it and the others. Also a male
captured on Thursday Island, in a like situation, March 12, 1912 (open forest),
and a female at Herberton, N.Q., on a window, December 28, 1911.

The male is the same as the female, the scape and pedicel of antennx
yellow suffused with dusky, the filiform flagellum longitudinally striate, the
distal two thirds or half of the abdomen black. The first funicle joint is longer
than the pedicel and a fourth shorter than the following joint which with the
others increase slightly in length distad, the club-joint only slightly shorter than
the one preceding, longer than the proximal funicle-joint.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Brisbane, Nelson near Cairns,
Herberton and Thursday Island, Torres Strait).

Perkins (1906) records this species from the eggs of Tettigonia albida.

138 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

8. GONATOCERUS LAMARCKT new species.
Female :—Length, 0°55 mm.

Dusky yellowish brown suffused with golden yellow the base of the
abdomen paler, yellow; the legs and antennz concolorous, the club of the latter
darker. Wings as in cingulatus.

Closely related to cingulatus but differing in the particulars that follow:
The proximal tarsal joints are shorter in all of the legs, in the intermediate
and posterior legs barely longer than the following joints taken singly; the
other tarsal joints are shorter in proportion; the marginal vein of the fore wing
is a fourth shorter; the antennal joints are all shorter and stouter, the distal
funicle joint longest of the funicle, not shorter for example than joint 5; joint
5 of the funicle is only one and a-half times longer than wide in lamarcki while in
cingulatus it is twice longer than wide; funicle joint 6 in lamarcki is distinctly
shorter than the preceding and following joint, only slightly shorter in cingulatus ;
moreover it is only subequal to the pedicel in length, longer than the pedicel in
cingulatus. The one other difference is that of general coloration. Only the distal
two funicle joints are longer than the pedicel; they are subequal. Joints 3 and
4 of funicle subequal, each slightly shorter than 5 while the latter is slightly
shorter than either joints 7 or 8. Ovipositor reaching only slightly beyond the
apex of the abdomen.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured by the sweeping net
in an open field (grasses) near Cooktown, N.Q., February 4, 1912.

Dedicated to the great evolutionist Jean Baptiste De Lamarek whose
doctrine of the inheritance of acquired characters lives on for ever as a monu-
ment to the genius of mankind.

Habitat: Australia—Cooktown, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy /1042, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forementioned
female on a slide in xylol-balsam (mounted with two females of Trichogramma
australicum Girault).

9. GONATOCERUS DAVINCI new species.
Female :—Length, 1-30 mm.; large for the genus.

General color black, the immediate base of the abdomen in the uorsal
aspect, the cephalic half of the mesopleura, lateral aspects of scape excepting
a band at the base just above the bulla and two opposing spots in the middle
one at each side. all of the legs excepting distal two or three tarsal joints, most of

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 139

caudal cox, caudal tibiew, and some portions of the intermediate tibiæ pale
lemon-yellow, the excepted portions black or brownish black. Ventral aspect
of pedicel pale yellowish. Venation brown, the wings hyaline.

Allied to the group of species including haeckeli, darwini, metchniko ffi
and huxleyi, resembling them in general habitus. However, differing from all
in color and structurally similar only to the first two and the last. It most
closely resembles huxleyi and haeckeli both in coloration and structure and the
valves of the ovipositor are exserted slightly somewhat as in the North American
species rivalis; but the funicle joints of the antenne are longer, joint 5 is not
twice the length of joint 4 of the funicle as in haeckeli but only one and a half
times longer; there is no great disproportion between joints 5 and 6 of the
funicle, the fourth funicle is not shorter than the first, as in haeckeli. Moreover
in this species the marginal vein is longer; also the fourth funicle joint is longer
than wide here, wider than long in haeckeli. The antennal club is also longer.
From darwini this species may be distinguished in its being much more robust and
in most of the points of difference mentioned for haeckeli; both wings are
broader and the proximal tarsal joints of the intermediate legs are longer, the
caudal wings bear much less discal cilation, only several cilia at the apex. From
the species huxleyi it differs in being more robust and in bearing a marginai
vein of the fore wing which is about a fourth longer, in bearing more naked
posterior wings and in having most of the fore wing naked under the veuation
with the exception of a line or two directly under the marginal vein. However,
its longer marginal vein and different coloration must suffice as its characteristic
as concerns huzleyi. The fore wings bear about thirty-two lines of discal
ciliation; their longest marginal cilia are slightly shorter than the longest of
the posterior wings and are not a sixth of the greatest wing width.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )

Male :—Not known.

This description from a single female specimen captured by sweeping
in an open forest near Nelson, N.Q., February 18, 1912 (A. M. Lea and A.A.G.).
Dedicated to Leonardo Da Vinci, the manly Italian, one of the earliest of
scientists.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson near Cairns).

Type: No. Hy/1043, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forementioned
specimen in xylol-balsam. :

10. GONATOCERUS GOETHEI new species.
Female :—Length, 0:78 mm.

Predominating color pallid yellowish, the thoracic notum, head, distal
half of abdomen more or less, antennal club nearly, posterior tibiæ and distal

140 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

two tarsal joints brownish. Remaining portions of legs concolorous; venation
and remainder of antennz olivaceous or yellowish dusky, the wings hyaline.
Parapsidal furrows along each side margined with a paler color than the brown
of the mesonotum. Caudal third of mesoscutum paler.

Resembles very much the species darwini from which it differs in general
coloration and in having the antennal pedicel somewhat longer, the proximal
third of the wing naked with the exception of a single line of discal cilia under
the marginal vein and the oblique (disto-caudad) limiting line running from
the base of that vein and joining the proximal end of the line under the vein.
The discal ciliation does not appear until at a point about half the length of
the short marginal vein distad of the latter’s apex. The marginal cilia of the
fore wing are somewhat shorter and finer. Characteristics then are its coloration
and the lack of discal ciliation under the venation; otherwise, it is similar to
darwini. The mandibles are short, curved, acute and apparently edentate.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification. )

Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured with the sweeping net
in an open forest near Nelson, N.Q., January 24, 1912. Dedicated to Johann
Wolfgang Goethe, poet, naturalist and monistic philosopher. Later at Nelson,
September 5, 1912, I captured a second female, sweeping mixed jungle and
forest growths along a streamlet. The distal half of the abdomen in this
specimen was brown-black.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns).

Type: No. Hy/1044, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen
on a slide in xylol-balsam (mounted with a homotype female specimen of
Aphelinoidea speciosissima Girault).

11. GONATOCERUS SPINOZAI new species.

Female :—Length, 1-80 mm.; very large for the genus, larger than
davinci.

Golden yellow, base of abdomen more or less obscurely, two stripes across
dorsum of abdomen about the middle, exserted portion of sheath of the ovipositor,
two round spots nearly in a longitudinal line near tip of abdomen along the
side, two rather large, obscure areas separated at the median line on cephalic
margin of scutum, lateral margin of scutellum, flagellum except distal margin
of pedicel narrowly and base of the first funicle joint, two distal tarsal
joints and venation dusky fuscous; scape the same but golden yellow ventrad
and latero-ventrad. Eyes red. Wings hyaline. First abdominal stripe twice
or thrice the length of the second. Femora and tibiæ suffused with more or less
fuscous.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—tIRAULT. Itt

Differing from the preceding yellow species by its robustness and broad
fore and posterior wings. Fore wings moderately broad, somewhat as in
haeckeli but the marginal vein is long as in davinci; they bear about twenty-eight
lines of discal cilia; these cilia are less dense than in davinci. The marginal
cilia of the fore wing are very short cephalad, longest caudo-distad, ‘there only
moderately short, shorter than the caudal cilia of the posterior wing which are.
slightly shorter than the greatest width of those wings. At the apex of the
fore wing the marginal cilia are short, only about half or less the length of
the longest cilia farther caudad. Posterior wings broad but not widened
especially across the apex of their venation, bearing at least six lines of discal
eiliation, including those at the margins. This ciliation is not dense. The
discal ciliation of the fore wing disappears before reaching the venation.
Proximal tarsal joints of all legs long, as long or longer than the marginal vein.
Strigil present. Abdomen ovate, the valves of the ovipositor exserted for a
length equal to between a fifth and a sixth of its length, the yellow ovipositor
long, inserted at base.

Antenne usual in number of joints, scape and pedicel but the funicle
unusual because of the general equality of most of the joints. Pedicel subequal
to the second funicle joint. Proximal funicle joint very small, wider than long,
not a third the length of the second; succeeding joints cylindrical ovate, longer
than wide and more or less alike. However, joints 2 and 8 are about shortest,
3-0 longest, each about a fourth longer than 2, distinctly longer than the
pedicel; 5 somewhat the largest, about one and a quarter times longer than wide;
joints 6 and 7 subequal, each only slightly longer than 8. Club long. Pubescence
of antenna short, white, the funicle and club joints with what appear to be
short, white longitudinal sulci, often curved and joining.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )

Male :—Not known.

Described from a female specimen captured by sweeping along the sides
of a footpath, through a forest near Nelson, N.Q., February 16, 1912 (A. M. Lea.
and A.A.G.). This magnificent species is characterised by its comparatively
great size and robustness, its beautiful color pattern, its moderately broad fore
wings, its long and slender marginal vein and proximal tarsal joint, the broad
posterior wings and the great disproportion in size between the first and second
funicle joints.

Dedicated to the profound student and thinker, Baruch Spinoza, who
in the seventeenth century introduced the monistic conception of matter, ‘‘ the
loftiest, profoundest, and truest thought of all ages.’’

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns).

Typ2: No. Hy/1045, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forementioned
specimen in balsam.

142 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

12. GONATOCERUS BRUNOI new species.
Male :—Length, 0-80 mm.; moderate in size for the genus.

General color golden yellow, the distal half of the abdomen, the antennal
flagellum (excluding pedicel), the venation, most of the dorsal aspect of thorax
(broken, however, by yellow areas), the tarsi, the intermediate and caudal
tibiæ and dorsal aspect of pedicel black. Wings stained, smoky nearly. Allied
with comptet, cingulatus and the other golden yellow species with longer and
narrower fore wings but distinguished from all of them in having the fore wings
still broader, and the marginal vein long. Thus the fore wings bear about
twenty-four longitudinal lines of discal cilia. Also the marginal cilia are
coarser. Venation very distinct, long.

Antennx longitudinally striate, the funicle joints gradually increasing
in length but the club joint somewhat shorter; funicle joints about three and
a half times longer than broad.

(From six specimens, the same magnification.)
Female :—Not known.

Deseribed from six males captured at Nelson, N.Q., February 16, 1912 by
sweeping along a forest path (A. M. Lea and A.A.G.). Dedicated to the
monistic philosopher Giordano Bruno, who in the middle ages was a father of
monism and a sound thinker at a time when most were under the combined
influence of superstition and dogmatic religion.

Habitat: Australia—Nelson near Cairns, Queensland.

Types: No. Hy/1046, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, six males in xylol-
balsam on a slide (with two females of compte, and the type of Oligosita anima
and three others).

18. GONATOCERUS HELMHOLTZII new species.

Female :—Length, 1-00 mm. ; moderate in size for the genus.

Dark brown the base of the abdomen yellow; legs pale yellow but the
caudal tibiæ brown, also the distal tarsal joints, the venation and the antenne,
excepting the sides of the scape and some of the pedicel obscurely, the exceptions
yellowish. Wings hyaline. Coxe concolorous with the legs. Mesoscutum
margined with yellow.

Belonging to the group of allied species which includes darwini, haeckeli,
metchnikoffi, huxleyi and davinci but similar only to the first two; from the
last three it may be distinguished by its broader fore wings which bear very
fine discal ciliation. From its nearest allies—darwini and haeckeli—it differs
also in the same characteristic ; the fore wings are broadly pyriform, the margin
of the apex a straight line, the discal ciliation very dense and fine, the widest
portion of the blade bearing about thirty-two lines, the marginal cilia short and
fine around the apex, longest disto-caudad as usual but somewhat finer and

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—I1.—GIRAULT. 143

shorter there than is the case with darwini for example; the discal ciliation in the
fore wing disappears a short distance distad of the apex of the marginal vein
which is not lengthened. The posterior wings are moderately broad, acutely
pointed, bearing five or six lines of fine discal ciliation distad (including the
lines along the margin which are not distinctly differentiated), the caudal
marginal cilia longer than the greatest width of the blade, but only slightly
longer, distinctly longer than the mean width of the blade. Scape subequal to
club; proximal two funicle joints subglobate, each much smaller than the
pedicel, the fourth largest; funicle joint 5 longest of the funicle but only
slightly longer on the average than joints 7 and 8, which are subequal; joints
5, 7 and 8 each longer than the pedicel; joint 6 of the funicle smaller, subequal
in length to the pedicel or shghtly shorter, proximal joints of the tarsi moderate
in length. Abdomen conic-ovate, the ovipositor not exserted nor its valves.

(From four specimens, magnified as in preceding species. )

Male:—The same but the abdomen much smaller and ovate, the antennz
filiform and 13-jointed, the joints of the funicle and club longitudinally striate,
the color of the whole lighter, the funicle joints all wider than long but variable
in length, the proximal two and the club shortest.

(From three specimens, the same magnification.)

Described from three males and four females captured October 20 and 21,
1911 by sweeping the foliage of lantana and other trees in neglected fields near
the town of Mackay, Queensland. One of the males had somewhat narrower
wings and a short antennal pedicel. Subsequently, I captured a female at
Hughenden, Q., by sweeping on the forest-downs, July 14, 1912. This was a
small specimen.

Dedicated to Hermann Helmholtz, a man who aided in establishing the
ereat principle of the conservation of energy in all substance.

Habitat: Queensland (Mackay and Hughenden).

Type: No. Hy/1047, Queensland Museum, Brisbane. The above males
and females mounted together on a slide in xylol-balsam.

14. GONATOCERUS HUYGHENSI new species.

Female :—Length, 0-84 mm.

Brown-black, the abdomen brown, the legs and antenne concolorous
excepting sides of the scape and the knees, trochanters and more obscurely,
tips of the tarsi, which are pallid. Venation brown. Wings hyaline. Cephalic
tibiz suffused with pallid.

144 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Belongs in the group with helmholtzii. From the latter it differs in
having all the legs dark, the fore wings narrower, the posterior wings with
longer caudal marginal cilia, funicle joints 5 and 7 longer, subequal, each twice
longer than wide and each longer than funicle joint 8. From metchnikoffi it
may be at once distinguished by reason of the much coarser discal ciliation of
the fore wing in that species and in having the distal four joints of the funicle
much less unequal in length. From davinci, in being differently colored, in
having a short marginal vein in the fore wing and a longer fifth funicle joint.
From huxleyi, in lacking the discal ciliation under the venation of the fore
wing, in having the proximal joints of the funicle all shorter, the fifth and
seventh joints longer and the legs all dark. From haeckeli and darwini in
bearing the longer fifth and seventh funicle joints and from the former in
having the legs dark.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured by sweeping in a
jungle near Kuranda, N.Q., November 4, 1911. Dedicated to Huyghens who
discovered the vibratory principle of light.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Kuranda).

Type: No. Hy/1048, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the foregoing female
mounted in xylol-balsam.

The following table will aid in identifying the foregoing species; since
the males agree structurally and colorationally’ with the females, excepting as:
concerns the secondary sexual characters, it should serve as well for that sex.

DIAGNOSIS OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF GONATOCERUS NEES.
FEMALES.

Ovipositor not distinctly exserted nor its valves, rarely subexserted ;
antenne with the funicle joints uneven, at least two much smaller
than the others. No broad black stripe across the middle of the

abdomen,

I. Species brownish or brownish black, the fore wings broader, more
or less oblately rounded at apex or subtruncate there, not
narrower and of the graceful type. Yellow or dusky yellow
or golden yellow (with one exception—goethet) not the pre-
dominating color, present only on the thorax, the appendages
or base of abdomen. First four funicle joints always each
shorter than the pedicel. Marginal cilia always distinctly less `
than a third the greatest width of the fore wing.

A. Fore wings very broad, almost squarely truncate at extreme
apex, the discal ciliation very dense and fine, about
thirty-two, more or less lines. Posterior wings with five
or six lines of discal ciliation, at least distad (inclusive of
the lines at the margins ; excluding davinct).

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 145

Base of abdomen, legs except distal tarsal joints and caudal
tibie, sides of scape and pedicel obscurely,: pale
yellowish; wings hyaline; mesoscutum margined
with yellowish. Proximal four funicle joints small ~.
and subglobate, the fifth joint abruptly longer, thrice
the size of the fourth. Brown, moderate in size.
Fore wings shorter and broader.. ar a .. helmholizii Girault.

The same but the fore wings more slender, thè fifth joint
of the funicle not quite twice the length of the fourth,
the proximal four funicle joints all longer than wide; . .
mesoscutum apparently not marked with yellowish.. huwleyi Girault.

The same as huxleyi but the thorax over the cephalic coxe
is yellow, the marginal vein longer, the distal two or
three tarsal joints blackish; more robust .. © .. davinci Girault.

B. Fore wings narrower, the discal ciliation varying from fine to
coarse, from twenty-five to fifteen lines across the widest
portion of the fore wing.

Discal cilia of fore wing moderately coarse or not dense,
only about fifteen lines.

Base of abdomen only narrowly pallid, also scape and
pedicel, proximal half of caudal tibie, distal half
of cephalic femora and four first tarsal joints.
Brownish black, wings hyaline. Proximal four
funicle joints subequal, more or less globate and
small, the distal four subequal, a half longer than
the pedicel and each twice Rea than funicle
joint 4. Ovipositor not exserted . = .. metchnikofi Girault

Discal cilia of fore wing fine, dense, from twenty- -three to
twenty-six lines.

All of body pale golden yellow, excepting dorsal aspect
of the thorax, head, flagellum, caudal tibia,
venation and two distal tarsal joints ; also tip of
the abdomen dorsad.
Fifth funicle joint longest .. n si .. -goethei Girault.
Body mostly brown or brown-black.
Discal ciliation absent under the marginal vein;
marginal cilia shorter. Ovipositor subexserted.
Legs and antenne nearly all dusky; fifth funicle
joint about twice longer than wide, is
longer than the distal joint .. re . huyghensi Girault.

Legs and scape of antennez nearly all pallid; fifth
funicle joint of antennæ about only one anda
quarter times longer than wide, only very
slightly longer than the distal joint or sub-

equa! to it haeckeli Girault,

Discal ciliation present under the marginal vein;
marginal cilia longer ; ovipositor just reaching to
tip of abdomen,

Legs pallid, marked with dusky ; fifth funicle joint

one and a half times longer than broad,
slightly longer than the distal joint .. -. darwini Girault.

146 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

II. Species bright golden yellow, marked with black, yellow the
predominating color; fore wings narrower, graceful, their

tips convexly rounded or obtusely pointed, their marginai
cilia always distinctly longer than a third of the greatest
width of the blade ; first four funicle joints not always shorter
than the pedicel.

Aa. Fore wings narrower, slender, the blade narrowing proximad
(out from the venation) like the handle of a paddle, with
about fifteen lines of discal cilia across the widest blade
portion; longest marginal cilia about two thirds the
greatest width of the wing.

Pronotum, distal half of abdomen and the metathorax
obscurely, black ; head partly dusky ; legs, scape and
pedicel pallid yellowish, marked with dusky (male)..

B. Fore wings broader, still graceful but not noticeably narrowed
proximad, bearing about eighteen lines of discal cilia
across the widest part of the blade.

Second and third funicle joints longest, much longer than
the following joints of the funicle; thus the third
joint is twice longer than joint 6,

Bright golden yellow (sometimes reddish), marked
with black spots on the thorax dorsad ; distal half
of abdomen black and the head obscurely;
marginal vein lengthened. Funicle joints 4 and
5 shortest

Second and third funicle joints not longest, distinctly shorter
than some of the following joints, at least; joint 3 of
the funicle somewhat shorter than joint 6.

The distal two funicle joints longest; marginal vein
normal in length. i

Dusky golden yellow :

The fifth funiele joint longest or subequal to the

following ; marginal vein lengthened.

Bright golden yellow, marked somewhat as in

compteit. Seape with its bulla slightly longer

than the club... mas ae zi ys

c, Fore wings still broader, bearing about twenty-five lines of

discal cilia across their widest portion; marginal vein -

lengthened.

Distal half of abdomen, funicle, club, most of the thorax
dorsad, tarsi and the two hind tibiz black, wings
stained

The valves of the ovipositor exserted for a length equal to about a fifth
that of the abdomen; antennz with only the proximal funicle
joint much smaller than the others, A broad black stripe across
middle of abdomen, Very large.

Bright golden yellow, the antenne deep black, excepting sides of
scape ventrad; joints of funicle, except the first, all rect-
angular to subquadrate, subequal in width ; both wings broad
but graceful. Beautiful

baconi Girauit.

compter Girault.

lamarcki Girault.

cingulatus Perkins.

brunoi Girault.

spinozai Girault,

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 147

SUBFAMILY MYMARIN Howard.
Trine ANAPHINI.
Genus ANAPHES Haliday.
All in normal position.

The following species (wallacei) being black and bearing comparatively
broad and less graceful fore wings is arranged with this genus rather than with
Anagrus Haliday.

1. ANAPHES WALLACEI new species.

Female :—Length, 0-70 mm.; moderate in size to moderately small for
the genus; slender.

General color deep black; base of abdomen, trochanters, knees, all of
tibiæ excepting two rings of black at the middle of each half respectively (the
tibiæ thus more or less distinctly banded with black, more noticeably and
distinct in the posterior tibie), all of tarsi except the distal joint, pallid or
whitish. Wings hyaline, excepting under the submarginal vein in the fore
wing which is dusky. Venation dusky; distal half of antennal pedicel pallid.
Cox concolorous with the body.

Belongs to the group of species represented by cinctiventris Girault,
gracilis Howard, goocht (Enock) and agilis (Enock). By comparing it with
specimens of the two latter it was observed to differ as follows: From goochi
(Enock), which resembles gracilis and cinctiventris more and this species less
than does agilis, it may be distinguished by reason of the fact that the funicle
joints are all longer and cylindrical in wallacei and the fore wings narrower.
Thus, the habitus is entirely distinct from the three species just named and
wallacei in reality more nearly resembles agilis whose habitus is very similar to
it. Besides the minor colorational differences, wallacei differs structurally in
having the first funicle joint a third shorter, distinctly shorter than the pedicel
and not much more than half the length of either the second or third joints; in
agilis the three proximal funicle joints are subequal in length, the proximal
joint somewhat the longest ; funicle joints 4 and 5 are subequal in the Australian
species, 6 decreasing slightly in length, joint 6 the shortest of the three; in
agilis, joint 5 is distinetly shorter than either 4 or 6, joint 4 being the longest
funicle joint and joint 6 the next longest; in wallacei joints 4 and 5 are the
longest joints but neither is more than slightly longer than joint 4 (sometimes
2 and 3 are the longest). The fore wings bear. much less discal ciliation,
especially proximad and the marginal vein is distinctly curved toward its apex
forming a footlike termination much like that found in Stethynium. In the
English species, the marginal vein terminates in an obtuse point. 7

148 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Diseal ciliation of the fore wing confined mostly to the outer half of the
wing where it is moderately fine and dense, arranged in about nine longitudinal
lines, only one of which extends far proximad to the venation; this is about the
third line which extends proximad near the cephalic margin nearly to the apex
of the marginal vein. Marginal cilia of fore wing moderately long, at apex
shorter than the preceding and following cilia, the longest about seven eighths.
of the greatest wing width. Posterior wings slightly broader than usual,
bearing a paired line of discal ciliation along each margin and distad from the
apex a third short line of about half dozen cilia; discal ciliation disappears after
leaving the distal half of the wing. Marginal cilia of- caudal wings usual,
those of the caudal margin moderate, distinctly longer than the marginal cilia.
of the fore wing at the apex and distinctly shorter than the longest marginal
cilia of the fore wing, about somewhat over twice the length of the average
width of the blade of the posterior wing. Strigil present. Antennal scape
long and slender, much longer than the club which is only about equal to the
first two funicle joints combined. Proximal tarsal joints much the longest of the
four. Valves of the ovipositor projecting slightly beyond apex of the abdomen
but not exserted.

(From two specimens, 2/3-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from two female specimens mounted in balsam, captured
October 6, 1911 from the window of a barn on a wheat farm, Roma, Queensland
and on December 7, 1911 from the window of quarters for men on a sugar
farm near Nelson (Cairns), N.O. Respectfully dedicated to Alfred Russel
Wallace. :

Habitat: Queensland (Roma and Nelson).

Type: No. Hy/1063, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female on a
slide (Nelson, December 7, 1911).

2. ANAPHES KANTII new species.

Female :—Length, 0-50 mm.; small for the genus.

General color dusky black, marked with pale canary or lemon yellow;
the caudal half of the scutum, a large spot along each side of the thorax involving
the insertions-of both wings, somewhat over a third of the abdomen at base
and all of the legs, excepting a spot above on the posterior femora, canary or light
lemon yellow, the antenne and venation greyish or dusky; eyes bright garnet.

Wings hyaline except some duskiness at base. The spot on caudal femora is
dusky black.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. ‘149

At once differing from the preceding species by having. short funicle
joints in the antennx. In habitus, like gracilis Howard but differing from that
species in having the conspicuous yellow on the thorax, in bearing more discal
ciliation in the posterior wing (a total of two lines, along the cephalic margin)
but otherwise evidently very similar.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification. )
Male :—Unknown.

Described at first from a single female specimen mounted in balsam and
captured from a window, Yungaburra, N.Q., December 30, 1911 (A.A.G.).
Subsequently, a second female specimen was found, captured at Tolga, N.Q.,
December 28, 1911, from a window, and a third was captured April 22, 1912,
at Nelson from a window.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Tolga, Nelson and Yungaburra).

Type: No. Hy/1064, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 19, Yungaburra
(with a female of Aphelinoidea).

Dedicated to Immanuel Kant for his The General Natural History and
Theory of the Heavens.

3. ANAPHES PAINEI new species.
Female :—Length, 0:55 mm.

Black, the basal half of the abdomen and the middle part (cephalad of
middle) of the thorax orange-yellow, the legs dusky, the antenne still more so;
wings hyaline or nearly.

Like the preceding species, kantit but the body colors are deeper and
more intense, the legs and antennæ darker; the diseal-ciliation of the fore wing
is much more distinct, arranged in about ten or eleven lines, disappearing along
each margin when the venation is reached but in the midlongitudinal line much
sooner, at the distal three fourths of the wing; thus across the distal fourth the
ciliation is uniform, dividing then and proceeding in a straight-margined
oblique line to a point on each margin opposite to the apex of the venation.
Therefore, there is in the middle line of the blade longitudinally a long wedge-
shaped naked area. The posterior wings bear a paired line of discal ciliation
along the caudal margin; this is additional to the cephalic paired line. The
distal funicle joint of the antenne is somewhat longer than in the preceding
species. Marginal cilia of the fore wing very long, the longest about equal to
the greatest wing width and subequal in length to the caudal marginal cilia of
the posterior wing. The fore wing is somewhat more. slender than in the
preceding species. l

150 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification. )
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female captured on the pane of a window, March
6, 1912, Thursday Island, Torres Strait, N.Q., Australia. Dedicated to Thomas
Paine.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Thursday Island).

Type: No. Hy/1065, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the foregoing species
in xylol-balsam.

4, ANAPHES LAPLACEI new species.

Female :—Length, 1:50 mm. Body long and slender, resembling that of
a thrips.

Deep glossy black, the trochanters, knees and tips of femora, a wide ring
around the tibiæ between base and middle, tips of tibiæ broadly, the long
proximal joint of tarsi (especially the posterior tarsi) and the apex of the
antennal pedicel narrowly, whitish yellow; coxæ concolorous with body, eyes
dark garnet; venation dusky blackish; suture along side of abdomen narrowly,
more or less whitish. Wings subhyaline to hyaline, no distinct fumation.

Like the species wallacei in structure but differing in that the antenne
and abdomen are longer, more especially the latter which is distinctly longer
than the combined length of the head and thorax. The fore and posterior wings
each bear several more longitudinal lines of discal cilia, the proximal tarsal
joints are longer and all of the antennal joints. Otherwise, very similar in all
points to the species named. The thorax has scaly sculpture.

(From three specimens, the same magnification. )
Male :—Not known.

Described from three female specimens captured by sweeping grasses
on the forest-downs near Hughenden, Queensland, July 13 and 14, 1912. Several
thrips were captured at the same time and this mymarid so closely resembled
them that it was not at first recognised as being different. July 13 was cold
for the tropics, cloudy and windy, the temperature about 65 deg. Fahrenheit.

Habitat: Australia—Hughenden, Queensland.

Types: No. Hy/1072, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, two females on a
single slide in xylol-balsam (July 14, 1912).

The above species is dedicated to the great Laplace.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 151

| Genus ANAPHOIDEA Girault.
All in normal position.

1. ANAPHOIDEA HARVEYI new species.

Female :—Length, 0-60 mm.; small for the genus. With a peculiar
habitus for the genus. Black with a broad whitish band around base of
abdomen. Scape serrate beneath, funicle joints of antenna irregularly unequal.
Fore wings shaped as in Stethynium. Valves of the ovipositor slightly exserted.

General color deep velvety black; base of abdomen, venation, flagellum
(pedicel plus funicle plus club) of antenna and all of legs pallid yellow,
uniformly so. Wings hyaline. Scape dusky, nearly concolorous. Antennal club
slightly suffused with dusky.

Fore wings shaped as is typical for the genus Stethynium Enock, the
marginal ciliation with the same arrangement, the longest cilia of the fore
wing somewhat over half that wing’s greatest width, the discal ciliation not
dense, moderately fine and though the fore wings are moderately broad, they
bear only about ten longitudinal lines of ciliation across their widest portion.
Discal ciliation absent under the venation but there is a fine line of cilia running
disto-caudad obliquely to the caudal wing margin from the centre of the marginal
vein; the latter moderate in length, its upper margin bisinuate, convex at the
middle and acute at apex. Caudal wings slender, with a paired line of discal
cilia along each margin, without other discal ciliation excepting one or two cilia
at extreme apex in the midlongitudinal line; its caudal marginal cilia nearly
as long as the longest marginal cilia of the fore wing, distinctly twice the
length of the rather short marginal cilia at the apex of the fore wing; but
those of the cephalic margin of the caudal wing are not as long as the blade is
wide, but nearly so. Caudal dilatation of fore wing very weak, barely indicated
by a slight emargination.

Abdomen conic-ovate, somewhat shorter than the thorax, the valves of
the ovipositor distinctly exserted but for no length, somewhat as in Gonatocerus
rivalis Girault or as in the trichogrammatid genus Neotrichogramma Girault.
Legs normal, the four tarsal joints moderately short, not differing greatly in
length, the third about shortest; tibial spurs single, weakest on the intermediate
tibiæ, on the posterior legs nearly as long as the proximal tarsal joints, slenderer
and longer on the cephalic legs there curved but apparently not forked and no
strigil is formed. Mandibles weakly quadridentate, the two inner teeth weak,
all teeth obtuse.

Antenna 10-jointed, the club obliquely divided. Scape moderately long,
convex along the ventral margin and there showing some serration doubtless
due to a sculpture like that of overlapping plates; pedicel small, gracefully
enlarged distad and there truncate ; funicle with the joints peculiarly, irregularly

152 - MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

unequal, joints 1, 2, 4 and 6 more or less alike and subequal, joints 3 and 5 long,

the others short. Funicle joints 1 and 2 subequal, oval, not much longer than
wide, 2 somewhat larger, neither as large as the pedicel; joint 3 abruptly longer,
cylindrical, over twice longer than wide, twice the length of joint 2 and nearly
twice the length of joint 4 which is ovate and slightly larger than 2, the largest
of the short joints; joints 5 cylindrical ovate, shorter than 3 but broader, a
third longer than 4 and nearly twice the length of 6 which is globular, subequal
in length to 2 but broader. Joint 4 slightly shorter than the pedicel. Club
conic-ovate, its proximal joint shorter, plainly less than half of its length. Club
slightly longer than the three joints preceding (joints 4, 5 and 6 of the funicle).

Pubescence of antenna thin.
(From one specimen, 2/3-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)

Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured from the pane of a
window in workmen’s quarters on a sugar farm near Nelson, N.Q., December
19, 1911. Dedicated to William Harvey who discovered through the use of his
common sense the circulation of the blood in animals, at the time when individual
thinking was prohibited and abhorred and individual experience thought to be
worthless in research.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson).

Type: No. Hy/1066, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forenoted female
on a slide (mounted with the type female of Alaptus newtoni Girault).

If the club of the antenna of this species was 3-segmented, it would
pass very well as a typical species of Stethynium; but one of exceptional color,
being black. Thus it differs from the American and English species of the
genus, forming all of its species, very much in habitus, as much as a typical
Anaphes differs from a typical Stethynium; moreover it lacks the strong strigil
present in the other species of its group. I cannot, however, consider the
species generically distinct from Anaphoidea unless the absence of strigils, taken
in conjunction with its different habitus should prove of sufficient value to form
a good basis for it. Structural differentiation, it seems to me, should be the
only basis for any such separation.

. 2. ANAPHOIDEA GALTONTI new species. .
Female :—Length, 0-75 mm. ; moderately large for the genus, more robust.

General color deep black, the wings uniformly, lightly fumated through-
out, the antenne concolorous (pedicel lighter toward tip), the legs dusky,
subpallid at the trochanters, knees and tips of tibiz. Venation dusky. Habitus
entirely distinct from that of the preceding species but agreeing with the North
American and English species.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 153

Differing from all the described species of the genus in having. the
fourth funicle joint distinctly shorter than either the third or fifth joints and
having the second funicle joint slenderer and distinctly longer than the third
joint, more than four times the length of the proximal funicle joint. Allied
with sordidata but upon comparison found to differ as follows: In the antennal
structure pointed out; otherwise practically the same. Parapsidal furrows
complete; posterior wings with about seven cilia in the midlongitudinal line of
discal ciliation. Antenne 10-jointed, the club divided. Tarsi 4-jointed. Fourth
funicle joint subequal in length to the pedicel; funicle 1 shortest, 4 next so
but over twice the length of 1, joint 6 next shortest yet broadest of the funicle
joints.

(From a single female specimen, the same magnification. )

Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured by sweeping miscel-
laneous vegetation along the outskirts of the town of Roma, Queensland,
October 5, 1911 (A. A. Girault). Dedicated to Francis Galton who was a
pioneer in the application of biological laws to human society. |

Habitat: Australia—Roma, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1067, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female.

3. ANAPHOIDEA LINNZAT new species.

Female :—Length, 0:53 mm.; moderate in size for the genus.

Black, the legs pallid yellowish, the antennæ black, the wings, except
at base, distinctly, uniformly fumated throughout. Scape and pedicel of antenna
suffused more or less with yellowish. Eyes dark garnet.

Fore wings slender and curved, shaped somewhat as in Anagrus but much
broader, shaped more like those of Anaphes sinitpenms but yet still broader and
somewhat shorter, their longest marginal cilia slightly longer than their greatest
width; fore wings bear about from eight to nine lines of discal cilia. Caudal
wings also curved, with the white dots along the posterior margin, with the
discal ciliation usual for the genus at each margin and with a short midlongi-
tudinal line of from four to six cilia running from the apex. Antenne 10-
jointed, the club divided obliquely, the two joints about equal; shaped somewhat
as in the North American conotracheli, the second joint slender, subequal to
each of the following three joints which are wider; distal funicle joint distinctly
shorter than either of the four preceding joints; proximal funicle joint subquad-
rate, not half the size of the pedicel nor more than somewhat over a fourth
the length of the second or following joint. Pubescence of antenna short and

i54 MEMOIRES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

soft. Proximal joint of tarsi longest of the four tarsal joints, about thrice
longer than wide. Either of joints 2-5 of the antennal funicle is longer than
either of the two club-joints.

Distinguished at once from the other two Australian species by the
curved fore wings bearing coarser ciliation; specifically from galtoni by the
narrower fore wings and shorter antennal joints and colorless legs; in galtont
the fourth funicle joint almost abruptly narrows and shortens while the second
funicle joint is longer than with linnei; also the latter has pallid legs. From
harveyi, this third species may be distinguished with great ease, since the former
is entirely different in structure, the fore wings broad as in Stethynium, the
abdomen more conical, the third funicle joint abruptly much longer than the
globular second and the longer distal joint of the club; moreover, the coloration
of harveyi is different.

As regards the North American species, linnæi is closer to pullicrura ;
from sordidata it differs in being smaller, in bearing shorter funicle joints,
especially the narrower second joint and the wings are narrower; from
conotracheli by the pallid legs and shorter antennal and tarsal joints. Otherwise
it is surprisingly like the lastnamed species.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification. )
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured rather early in the
morning (eight o'clock) from a window in a private residence at Nelson, N.Q.,
July 9, 1912.

Habitat: Australia—Nelson near Cairns, N.Q.

Type: No. Hy/1071, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female in
xylol-balsam.

Genus ANAGRUS Haliday.

All in normal position.

1. ANAGRUS FREQUENS Perkins.

Perkins, 1905, pp..190, 191, 193,,194, 198, 199, pl. xn, fig. 6.’ Id.; 1906,
1, XIV, XV, XxXiv, xxxl. See statements beyond.

2. ANAGRUS LUTULENTUS Girault.
Girault 1911 a, pp. 185-137.

Perth, West Australia. Host unknown.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 5

r

3. ANAGRUS BAERI new species.

Female :—Length, 0-43 mm.; moderately small for the genus; smaller
than brocheri Schulz. Differing from the foregoing species (frequens) in
coloration and antennal segmentation, the second funicle joint shorter than the
third and sixth.

General color sooty or dusky or greyish, the thorax pallid yellowish as
are the scape, pedicel and legs. Differing from armatus Ashmead, which,
according to Perkins, agrees nearly structurally with frequens, in the following
particulars: The fore wings have a more pronounced caudal dilatation and are
distinctly broader on the average (about 7 longitudinal lines of discal ciliation)
and the second funicle joint of the antenne is distinctly shorter, shorter than
the third and sixth. Of the North American species in antennal structure,
baeri is closer to epos than to any other. But upon actual comparison of
specimens the following differences are to be observed: The funicles of the
antenna are similar in shape but in baeri the individual joints are shorter, the
fore wings are similar in most arrangements but they differ in shape, the margins
are more parallel in epos and in the latter the discal ciliation of the fore wing
is longer, especially noticeable along the margin of the apex; specifically the
caudal margin of the fore wing in baeri never becomes convex distad but in epos
it becomes gently convex just at the widest portion of the blade. The differences
between the two species are not abrupt, yet apparently actual, but it is a
question whether or not they can be separated without actual comparison of
the two. One should not be at all surprised to find them the same.

(From one specimen, 2/3-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured from the foliage of a
wild, imported citron, growing near the jungle and infested with coccids and
leafhoppers, Babinda, N.Q., October 29, 1911. Dedicated to Carl Ernest Baer
the founder of embryology, who after Caspar Wolff, completely refuted the
theories of scatulation and preformation and brought ontogeny to a monistic
basis.

Habitat: Australia—Babinda, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1049, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland, the fore-
going female.

Some while after writing this section on Anagrus I captured at several
points along the coast of North Queensland what I thought were undsubtfully
specimens of Anagrus frequens Perkins. These were taken from windows; in an
empty dwelling at Herberton, December 28, 1912, two females; in a carpenter’s
shop at Innisfail (Geraldton), January 11, 1912, one female; and from a window

156 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

in workmen’s quarters on a sugar farm near Nelson, January 22, 1912, a female.
‘The latter specimen stained xylol-balsam pink, having been mounted alive* ;
the first two had been in alcohol before being mounted. These specimens agreed
in coloration, being yellow with three broad dusky stripes across the body from
iateral aspect, one at the cephalic part of the thorax, one across the base of the
abdomen, and one across the abdomen, not at but near the tip. They differ
from the brief description of frequens given by Perkins in the following
particulars: The proximal funicle joint of the antenne is yellow like the scape
and pedicel. The ovipositor is exserted distinctly but shortly. The fourth
funicle joint of the antenne is as wide as the fifth and sixth, not slender like
the second and third joints as represented in the figure accompanying the
original description. However, these differences might easily have happened
through variation or by differences due to the mount of individual specimens.
But there are other differences; the second funicle joint of the antenna is not
so long as figured for frequens and as in the specimen of that species noted
farther on in this section. It is less robust, the discal ciliation of the fore wing
less conspicuous. For these reasons I had intended to rename these specimens,
identifying another one captured later with frequens. The color in them is
lemon-yellow, the legs, scape, pedicel and first joint of funicle being concolorous.
I have since seen these specimens: Two females captured from a window in a
shop in the little mining site of Rossville, N.Q., February 23, 1911. Another
apparent difference between them and frequens is that in the former there is a
tendency for one line of discal ciliation to be absent, the intermediate line from
the cephalic margin. The scape, ovipositor and proximal tarsal joint of caudal
legs are all somewhat longer in frequens. The color pattern of thorax and
abdomen appears to be the same as in frequens and Paranagrus. The caudal
tibiæ and tarsi may sometimes be dusky.

However, after much consideration, I believe the above specimens are all
frequens. As regards the latter, I believe there can be no doubt but what I
have correctly identified it in a female specimen captured from a window at
Nelson, April 30, 1912. The specimen was stupefied with chloroform and
mounted alive in xylol-balsam which it stained in the immediate site of its
body a deep pink. The color pattern on the thorax is the same as that of
Paranagrus perforator and I noticed that the two adjacent spots on the
mesonotum became fused after the specimen had been mounted. I quite agree
with Perkins when he states regarding armatus Ashmead ‘‘apparently almost
identical with the preceding in form and structure,’’ the word ‘‘preceding’’
referring to frequens. He has stated also ‘‘ Anagrus frequens, under which
name are probably more than one species, or at least one or two distinct races
of a single species . . . .’’ and has pointed out the characteristic of frequens

* April 30, 1912, all pinkness in the mount had disappeared, the specimen pale lemon, marked as described:
It was probably faint, the pinkness.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 157

as compared with armatus; but this characteristic at the best is obscure since some
specimens of armaius, mutilated perhaps, may possess it. It behooves us, there-
fore, to make a careful comparison: of this species with the North American
armatus Ashmead, its ally, spiritus: Girault and the European Anagrus brocheri
Schulz. As concerns armatus there are certainly no discernible differences
except those stated and certain thoracic structures—the seutellum of frequens
is longer at the median line, its cephalic margin more convex, its greatest length
distinctly longer than that of the smaller triangular sclerites following (caudad),
whereas in armatus, the scutellum is wider and flatter, its greatest length dis-
tinctly shorter than the length of the following paired sclerites. But I find
later, that this character varies considerably in armatus and cannot be used for
distinguishing purposes. The color pattern of armatus is like that of frequens
sometimes but there may oceur nearly immaculate specimens and ones with the
abdomen entirely black. The scape is finely serrulate along its ventral margin
in both species. In fact, the two are not separable at all and I therefore con-
clude them to be the same. Like all widely distributed species, armatus is very
variable, its color extremely so, its fore wings vary much in width, comparatively
speaking and the antennz also somewhat but the relation of the joints remain
about the same; the length to which the ovipositor is exserted also varies accord-
ing to the position of the mount. Gross appearances, experience teaches us, will be
found as useful in separating species of this genus as in any other and profound
subtleties and refinements will only lead to involved difficulties in the great
majority of cases.

As regards the North American species spiritus, a close ally of armatus
and a species whose identity has puzzled me considerably (even though described
by myself), I must conclude that as with frequens I am unable to separate it
from armatus with which it must be considered identical. The naked area in
the fore wings in any of these ci-devant species is too variable for a specific
character ; it is very seldom clearly delimited and to separate species on it alone
would be like attempting to distinguish the leaves from the same tree so that
they would always fall into distinct groups. We must. include armatus
(=columbi Perkins), frequens Perkins and spiritus Girault in the same category
and conclude that armatus occurs in Australia. Incidentally it may be mentioned
that spiritus was separated from armatus on the same supposed characteristic
as was frequens; but also, it has broader fore wings and I now pronounce it
a variety of armatus.

This brings us to the European species resembling armatus, namely
incarnatus Haliday and brocheri Schulz. I have re-examined a female specimen
of brocheri and it seems obviously distinct though it is difficult to point out just
its characteristics. However, the brownness of its whole body (there being ne
yellow) is one and a peculiarity of the fore wings, which seem to be stiffer

158 MEMOILS. OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

both in regard to shape and ciliation, the discal cilia erect, distributed uniformly,
a second. As regard incarnatus, I also believe that it is distinct, as I once
separated it from spiritus. But, having once done this, does not relieve the
suspicion with which armatus must be viewed when incarnatus presents itself.
The species armatus is thus subeosmopolitan. I recapitulate its history for
convenience, herewith:

ANAGRUS ARMATUS (Ashmead),
Litus armatus Ashmead, 1887, p. 193.
Eustochus xanthothorax Ashmead, ib., pp. 193-194.
Anagrus frequens Perkins, 1905, p. 198, pls. xm, fig. 6; xur, fig. 8. (See above).

Anagrus columbi Perkins, 1905, pp. 193, 194 and 198, pls. xır, fig. 6; xmm, fig. 8a. id., 1906,
pp. i, xxiv, XXXİ.

Anagrus spiritus Girault, 1911 b, pp. 207-210.
Anagrus armatus (Ashmead)—Girault, 1911 c, pp. 289-292.

Synonyms: Eustochus xanthothorax Ashmead; Anagrus frequens Perkins; Anagrus columbi
Perkins; Anagrus spiritus Girault.

Varieties: nigriventris Girault.
spiritus Girault.
australiensis Girault, novum.

Habitat: North America—United States (Florida, Ohio, Illinois, Mary-
land, Colorado, New York, and Iowa). Australia—North Queensland (Herber-
ton, Innisfail, Nelson near Cairns and Rossville near Cooktown). Fiji—Suva.
Sandwich Islands—Oahu at least.

The Fijian specimen I captured myself at Suva, September 22, 1911, on
a window in a livery stable. It was nearly uniformly yellow in colour. The
following specimens should also be recorded: A female captured at Nelson, N.Q.,
with a female of Paranagrus perforator on a window of a building on a sugar
farm (April 20, 1912). In the original description of frequens, Perkins had
stated: ‘‘An apparently different race inhabits Fiji, but I cannot separate it
specifically. ”?

In regard to variation in armatus. It should be mentioned that the distal
three funicle joints of the antenna are sometimes much shorter than usual, which
gives the appearance of being characteristic. Also that the Queensland specimens
are usually but not always marked with the moderately broad black stripes across
the body, as seen from lateral aspect, one across the cephalic end of the thorax,
one across the abdomen and one across the latter’s tip. This appears to be
so characteristic that I hereby name specimens so marked as the new variety
australiensis.

Type of variety australiensis: No. Hy/1050, Queensland Museum, Bris-
bane, 19 in xylol-balsam (Nelson, N.Q., Apri] 30, 1912).

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 159

Subsequently at Nelson, N.Q., I captured single females of this species
from windows on August 3 and September 2, 1912; they were both the variety
australiensis.

Genus PARANAGRUS Perkins.

For the present, I accept this as a distinct segregate of generic value, but
doubtless it will finally be classed as a subgenus. The longer proximal funicle
joint is its only characteristic, excepting a greater slenderness and apparently
a characteristic color pattern on the thorax and in the discal ciliation of the
fore wing (minors).

1. PARANAGRUS OPTABILIS Perkins.

Perkins, 1905, pp. 188-190, 191, 193, 194 and 199, pls. xm, figs. 1 and 2;
xin, figs, 3, 4, 5, and 5a; Idem, 1906, pp. x, xi, xiv, xv, Xvi, XXiv, xxix and xxxi.

‘‘ Hab.: Queensland; bred in all localities from the eggs of Perkinsiella
saccharicida. A very similar form inhabits Fiji, but the material is insufficient
to determine whether they are specifically identical.’’ I have not taken this
species in Queensland. |

2. PARANAGRUS PERFORATOR Perkins.
Perkins, 1905, pp. 191, 193, 194, 199. Ib., 1906, pp. xiv, xv, xvi, xxiv

and xxxi.

Female :—A specimen agreeing in color pattern with perforator Perkins
and in general coloration orange-red, turning in balsam to a beautiful pink,
also staining the surrounding medium the same color. It differs from the originai
description of perforator not at all but the antennal and wing characters are
not given in the description. But it agrees with the original description of
optabilis with the exception of its general coloration and the exserted ovi-
positor. Its antennæ agree with the figures given of optabilis by Perkins (1.c.)
as do also the wings and tarsi. The fore wings are very slender and curved, with
very long marginal cilia and with one long midlongitudinal line of discal cilia,
proximad reaching to the end of the venation; also, at the apex of each side of
this line there are two (cephalad) and one (caudad) short lines of cilia, the mesal
one of the two cephalic lines, longer; there is also a paired line of discal ciliation
along each margin of the blade. The narrow, straight posterior wing bears a
paired line of discal cilia along the caudal margin (not close together) and a
single line along the cephalic margin. Strigil present. The male is not known.
The species originally was described from Fiji, reared from the eggs of delphacid
leafhoppers of different genera. The valves of the ovipositor are exserted for a
length equal to the three basal joints of the hind tarsus. .

160 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

The foregoing notes were made by examining a single female specimen
captured at Nelson (near Cairns), N.Q., April 20, 1912, from a window in men’s
quarters on a sugar farm. It was stupefied with chloroform and mounted then in
xylol-balsam. There can be but little doubt that the specimen is correctly
identified. On May 18, 1912, another female was captured in the same place.
By that date, the first specimen had become in balsam a dull honey-yellow, but a
pink cloud still surrounded the body. In neither specimen were the valves of
the ovipositor exserted for a length greater than the combined length of the first
three joints of the posterior tarsus. From the same window, a female was
eaptured on June 14 and 20, 1912.

Genus STETHYNIUM Enock.
All in normal position.

1. STETHYNIUM DALTONI new species.

Female :—Length, 0-75 mm.; moderate in size for the genus.

General color pinkish yellow, light yellow suffused with pinkish, the
antennal funicle and club and all distal tarsal joints smoky brown or dusky.
Venation concolorous with the body or somewhat darker. Wings hyaline. Eyes
and ocelli ruby-red. Pronotum and extreme tips of abdomen dusky.

Closely allied with the American faunum Girault and the English tri-
clavatum Enock by bearing normal posterior wings but differing from the former
in bearing moderately narrow fore wings (only about twelve longitudinal lines of
discal ciliation at the widest blade portion) which are not so characteristically
shaped and more obtuse at apex. From the American species in having the
second funicle joint of the antenne shorter. The marginal cilia of the fore
wing are nearly as long at the apex of the wing as they are along the cephalic
margin where the longest are between a third and a half of the greatest wing
width. The venation of the fore wing is characteristically shaped, as in tri-
clavatum. The caudal wings bear a paired line of discal cilia along each margin
and its marginal cilia at the cephalic margin are about as long as the blade’s
greatest width. Tarsal claws all moderate in length. Discal ciliation of the
fore wing moderately fine, not very dense. i

Antenne 11-jointed, distinctly clubbed, the club 3-jointed, the joints all
of subequal length, the region conic-ovate and as long as the distal four funicle
joints combined. Scape not much longer than the pedicel, while the latter is only
slightly longer than the proximal funicle joint; all funicle joints excepting 5,
longer than wide, 2 longest, 214 times longer than wide; 1 and 3 subequal, a
fourth shorter than 2; 4 still shorter and somewhat broader, oval; 6 somewhat
larger than 4; joint 5 smallest subhemispherical, wider than long. Club joints
each subequal to the pedicel. Pubescence of funicle scraggly and thin.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 161

(From one specimen, 1/6-inch objective, 2-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured from the pane of a
window in a barn, State Farm, Roma, Queensland, October 6, 1911 (A.A.G.).
Dedicated to the discoverer of the atomic theory in chemistry.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Roma).

Type: No. Hy/1056, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 1 female in xylol-
balsam (mounted with a female of Oligosita americana Ashmead).

2. STETHYNIUM MAYERI new species.
Female :—Length, 0-80 mm.

General color uniformly lemon-yellow, the legs concolorous, the antennal
club and distal four funicle joints dusky, the eyes and ocelli bright red; distal
tarsal joints concolorous with the legs and body; fore wings hyaline but with a
slight suffusion of duskiness proximad. Venation concolorous. Ocelli in a
triangle in the centre of the vertex, the lateral ocelli elliptical, distant from the
eye margins, each closer to the cephalic ocellus than to the other. Fore wings
moderately narrow, bearing about twelve longtudinal! lines of discal ciliation,
the latter moderate; the longest marginal cilia of the fore wing are slightly over
three fourths its greatest width but at the cephalic margin at apex only about a
fourth of the wing’s greatest width, shortest at the apex, here not half the
length of the cilia along the caudal margin of the posterior wing and abruptly
shorter than the longer cilia disto-caudad. Posterior wings narrow, acuminate,
curved like a sabre, their marginal cilia at the caudal margin about twice longer
than the blade’s greatest width, those of the cephalic margin somewhat longer
than the blade is wide but not half the length of the caudal cilia. Discal ciliation
of the posterior wing absent excepting a paired line along each margin and a
short midlongitudinal line of about 5-6 cilia running from the apex between the
lateral lines. Fore wing obtusely pointed and with the peculiar arrangement of
the discal cilia and the peculiarly shaped venation. Parapsidal furrows com-
plete. Eyes naked. Tarsi 4-jointed, the joints all moderately long and subequal,
shortening somewhat distad ; strigil present. Vertexal carina present. Abdomen
sessile, conic-ovate, subequal to the thorax in length, the ovipositor not exserted.

Antenne 11-jointed, characteristic because of the unequalness of the
funicle joints. Scape about twice the length of the pedicel, subcylindrical,
longest. Pedicel slightly shorter than the first funicle joint; first three funicle
joints cylindrical, 2 distinctly longest of the three, 1 shortest, slightly shorter
than 3; funicle joint 4 is slightly shorter than 1 whereas joint 5. is distinctly
longer and stouter, as long as 2 and stouter than it, cylindrical-ovate; the distal

L

162 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

joint (6) abruptly shortened, about half the length of 5 and the smallest
antennal joint; here, from joint 3 of the funicle, we have alternately long and
short joints. Club conic-ovate, its intermediate joint shortest, its proximal joint
longest, slightly longer than the cone-shaped terminal joint; the club is longer
than the three distal funicle joints combined and longer than the Scape.
Pubescence of antenna short, moderate.

(From one specimen, 2/3-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured while crawling over the
foliage of Eucalyptus in a forest, Nelson, Queensland, November 19, 1911.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District).

Type: No. Hy/1057, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland, the
foregoing female on a slide in xylol-balsam.

This species differs from daltoni in having the distal tarsal joints, tip of
abdomen and the proximal funicle joints of the antennæ concolorous and being a
shade different in general coloration. Structurally its antenne are very
different; for instance, funicle joint 5 is shortest in dalfont but nearly the largest
in mayeri; none of the joints are wider than long in mayeri; in general, the
funicle joints are all longer in mayeri. There are other differences which are
pointed out in the table of species. From the American and English species it
may be distinguished by its unequalness in the antennal funicle, the alternately
long and short distal four joints. Respectfully dedicated to Robert Mayer,
who with Hermann Helmholtz discovered the law of the conservation of energy.

| _ 8. STETHYNIUM LAVOISIERT new species.
Female :— Length, 0-68 mm.

General color dusky yellowish, the legs very pallid, contrasting, the an-
tenne concolorous. Fore wings hyaline, slightly clouded beneath venation.
Caudal wings noticeably clear, translucent and white, immargined.

This species differs at once from the preceding two in being more charac-
teristic of the type of the genus; its wings are broader, more densely ciliate and
with the marginal ciliation arranged more characteristically ; also at the caudal
dilatation, the immargination is pronounced. It differs from daltoni struc-
turally in just the points mentioned and from mayeri more so along the same
lines, but more especially in antennal structure.

Fore wings moderately broad, broadest about midway between the end
of the venation and the wing apex but very slightly pointed obtusely, its caudal

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 163

margin changing angle at the widest portion of the wing, the marginal cilia
long, abruptly lengthened disto-caudad, the longest somewhat over three fourths
the greatest wing width. Discal ciliation of the fore wing fine and dense,
arranged in about seventeen longitudinal lines across the widest portion of the
blade. Caudal wings perfectly white and translucent, their discal ciliation
arranged in a paired line along the caudal margin, a single line along the cephalic
margin and a short midlongitudinal line of four or five cilia, scattered from near
the apex; all of the discal ciliation is colorless and nearly invisible. - The caudal
wings in this species are characteristic; they are broader than those of daltoni
and not margined with dusky and hence not defined so well; their marginal cilia
are longer and more conspicuous. Mandibles tridentate. Tarsi 4-jointed, the
joints short; tip of ovipositor slightly exserted. Abdomen conic-ovate, subequal
in length to the thorax.

(From three specimens, the same magnification. )

Male:—The same. Abdomen much shorter; antennæ 13-jointed, the
flagellar joints longer than wide, longitudinally striate, the proximal-and distal
two joints of the funicle longest and subequal, the second funicle joint somewhat
the longest.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )

Described at first from three female specimens captured October 26,
1911 while crawling over the foliage of a species of Eucalyptus (bastard gum)
infested with leafhoppers and probably parasitic on the eggs of some homopterous
insect. A species characterised by the colorless legs and caudal wings, the shape
of the latter and the fore wings and the ciliation of the latter. Subsequently the
following specimens: In the same place as formerly, one female on November
29 and two on November 30, 1911; on the latter date also a male. A female at —
Herberton, N.Q., December 28, 1911 from a window in an empty dwelling.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson and Herberton).

Type: No. Hy/1058, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female in xylol-
balsam (Nelson, October 26, 1911).

. Dedicated to the discoverer of the law of the conservation of matter.

4. STETHYNIUM CUVIERT new species.

Female :—Length, 0:30 mm. ; minute for the genus and family. Visible to
naked eye as a minute dot but not as small as species of Alaptus.

General color pallid lemon-yellow,* the abdomen suffused with dusky ;
eyes and ocelli ruby-red; antenne and legs concolorous with the general body
color or somewhat paler; wings hyaline.

* Colot changes to orange in xylol-balsam. l

164 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

A species characterised by its minuteness and the following characters:
The fore wings are narrow, bearing only about ten longitudinal lines of discal
ciliation, their longest marginal cilia distinctly longer than their greatest width,
those at the apex of the wing are long; the wings themselves are more graceful
than usual with the genus; the joints of the funicle of the antenna are all short.
and subquadrate, only the second, fourth and sixth longer than wide, the joints.
alternately smaller and larger; caudal wings with only three lines of discal
ciliation. The species is more plainly characterised in the table of species.
following.

(From one specimen, 2/3-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from one female mounted in xylol-balsam and captured from a.
leaf of bastard gum in a forest, Nelson, N.Q., November 29, 1911.

Dedicated to Georges-Léopold-Chrétien Frédéric-Dagobert Cuvier, the
great comparative anatomist.

Habitat :—Queensland (Nelson, Cairns District and Herberton).

Type:—No. Hy/1059, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 1 female in
xylol-balsam (mounted with a male of Oligosita minima Girault, Nelson
November 29).

Subsequently a female from a window in an unoccupied dwelling,
Herberton, N.Q., December 28, 1911; another at Nelson, December 22, 1911, from
a window in men’s quarters on a farm and one from the foliage of a bastard
gum at Nelson, November 30, 1911; also a female from a window, Nelson, Apri!
AL T912:

5. STETHYNIUM VESALII new species.
Female :—Length, 0-50 mm.

The same as lavoisieri but the fore wings are narrower, also the posterior
wings but yet still the same color. The general color is bright lemon-yellow,
the legs and antennæ, excepting the concolorous scape, colorless like the posterior
wings. The antenne and fore wings are more nearly like those of daltoni but
vesalii differs from the latter in not having the dusky antennal funicle, in
bearing a longer distal club joint, joint 2 of the funicle shorter than in the
other species yet longest, somewhat longer than wide and joint 5 longer than
wide, but not much more so; the caudal wings bear longer cephalic marginal
cilia, the fore wings a somewhat different outline; also the distal tarsal joints
are pale, the blade of the fore wing more convex along the distal half of the
caudal margin and apparently the sulci are absent on the scutellum (a median
sulcus along the phragma). From lavoisieri, this species differs mostly in

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 165

bearing much narrower fore wings, though they are nearly the same shape. In
lavoisiert the fore wings are nearly twice the width of those in vesalit while the
funicle joints are all subglobular. It is most closely related to cuvieri, differing
only in the broader fore wings (about fourteen longitudinal lines of discal cilia)
which are slightly wider than or subequal in width to their longest marginal
cilia. Thus, it appears to be a species intermediate between the minute species
and vesalii. Its colorless and somewhat broader posterior wings, broader fore
wings, greater size (over twice the size of the smallest species) and longer distal
club joint are its characteristics when compared with cuvieri. It is the same
size as Oligosita minima Girault. |

(From seven specimens, the same magnification as for the preceding
species. )

Male :—Not known.

Described from seven female specimens captured from the foliage of
bastard gum in a forest near Nelson, N.Q., October 26, 1911, (1 2), November 30,
1911 (5 9’s); and from the window of a barn at Roma, Queensland, October 6,
1911 (1 9). Dedicated to Andreas Vesalius, one of the earliest men of the
present civilisation to assert the right of free thought and independent
mentality.

Subsequently, a female from a window at Nelson, April 21, 1912.
Habitat: Australia—Roma and Nelson near Cairns, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1060, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one female in
xylol-balsam (Nelson, November 30; mounted with a pair of S. lavoisieri and
S. cuvieri and Oligosita minima Girault, 1 ¢, 1 9). This species may be
cuvieri, large individuals.

6. STETHYNIUM PEREGRINUM- Girault.
Girault, 1911 d, pp. 120-123. Perth, West Australia.

DIAGNOSTIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF STETHYNIUM
ENOCK.

FEMALES,

A. Species all yellowish, the wings hyaline or at least not distinctly
infuscated ; the mesoscutellum bearing median and lateral sulci.

I. Fore wings narrow, their longest marginal cilia distinctly longer
than their greatest width. Minute.
Fore wings at the most with about ten longitudinal lines of
discal cilia ; joints 2, 4 and 6 of antennal funicle longest,
longer than wide, the other joints subquadrate, or only
slightly longer than wide, all the funicle joints short ;
distal club joint forming nearly half of the club, Legs
and antennz wholly concolorous with the body .. -. cuvieri Girault,

166 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

II. Fore wings moderate to broad, their longest marginal cilia
distinctly shorter than their greatest width or may be
subequal. Species moderate in size to moderately large.

l. Posterior wings normal. Second funicle joint as long or
longer than the pedicel.
a. Proximal funicle joints of antenna moderately long, the
second joint much longer than the pedicel and plainly
four times longer than wide. Distal four joints of
funicle and whole of the club sooty black; distal
tarsal joints concolorous with the legs; funicle joint
5 twice the size of joint 6 which is shorter than
proximal funicle joint .. J as A .. mayeri Girault.
b. Proximal funicle joints of antenna short, the second
joint subequal in length to the pedicel and only
about twice longer than wide. All of funicle joints
and whole of the club sooty black; distal tarsal
joints black; funicle joint 5 smaller than joint 6 of
the funicle which is nearly as long as joint 1 and
distinctly broader it sie a = .. daltont Girault.
2. Posterior wings broader and unusually white, more or less
abnormally broad ; second funicle joint distinctly shorter
than the pedicel.
Fore wings broad, bearing about seventeen lines of discal
cilia at their widest portion ; posterior wings broad
and colorless, apparently without discal ciliation
and immargined, the marginal cilia long. Dusky
yellowish, the legs very pallid, the antenne yellowish.
Joints of funicle all subglobular a2 ae .. lavoisieri Girault.

Fore wings not so broad, bearing only about twelve or
fourteen longitudinal lines of discal cilia ; posterior
wings slightly broader than usual, colourless. Bright
lemon-yellow T i 7 es + .. vesalii Girault.

B. Species Indian red, the fore wings more or less fumated under the
venation and broad, bearing from thirty to thirty-five lines of
discal cilia; sulci of thorax absent; posterior wings very broad,
their posterior marginal cilia longer than those of the fore wing ;
second funicle joint only a third longer than wide .. R .. peregrinum Girault.

Tree MYMARINI.
Genus MYMAR Haliday.
All in normal position.

; 1. MYMAR SCHWANNI new species.

Female :—Length, 0:70 mm. Visible to naked eye but not easily though
not small.

General color brown, the distal third of the abdomen dusky black or
fuscous, the vertexal carina and eyes dark; abdominal petiole, distal two funicle
joints, coxee and femora lighter, with some yellowish, nearly pallid yellowish;
scape, pedicel, the tibiæ and tarsi concolorous with the body; distal tarsal joints,

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II—GIRAULT. 167

first four funicle joints and antennal club sooty black; petiole of fore wings
and somewhat over the distal half of the wing blade dark sooty black, the
remaining portion of the blade hyaline. The fuscation of the fore wings is
intense.

This species as compared with a specimen of Mymar pulchellum Curtis,
differs as follows: In general appearance, coloration and so forth casually the
same. The details of coloration differ—the fourth funicle joint in schwanni
is black, yellowish in pulchellum; in the former, the scape, pedicel, the tibiæ
and tarsi are darker than in the English species which has the legs of uniform
color; the petiole of the fore wing and the vestigial posterior wing are darker in
schwanni and the fuscation of the fore wing more intensely black. Structurally,
in the antenne, which are very similar, the distal funicle joint in the Australian
species is slightly shorter in relation to that in the preceding species and all of
the funicle joints distad of the long second joint are somewhat longer, the
two distal joints more nearly equal than in pulchellum. The fore wings of
schwanni differ in that they are distinctly broader (at least by a third) and
bear a higher number of primary marginal cilia (35 to 36; only from 28 to 30 in
pulchellum) ; the discal ciliation is about the same yet somewhat coarser while
the marginal cilia are somewhat longer (it is hairlike). The posterior wings in
both species are about the same shape and size and in all other respects the two
species appear to be the same. From the American species, venustum Girault,
schwanni differs in bearing several more primary marginal cilia (only about
34 in venustum), the central line of discal cilia extends to the wing apex (here
proximad, the acute part of the blade), the clouded portion of the fore wing is
much darker and more intense and in details of coloration, especially as concerns
the antenne which in venustum are uniformly colored, not black, brown and
yellow as in this Australian species. In this connection it should be stated
that the antenna of the male of pulchellum is also uniformly concolorous with
the body, not yellow and black as in the female.

(From one specimen, 1/6-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)

Male :-—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured from the panes of a
window in a wool warehouse, Brisbane, Queensland, October 3, 1911. The
specimen was in active movement, its wings extended vertically over it and the
insect was moving along rather slowly with an actual dancing movement which
made it much more conspicuous than if it had been at rest. The wings were
in rapid motion. On October 5, 1911, at Roma, Queensland, several hundred
miles west of Brisbane, a male Mymar was captured by sweeping grass along a
tiny stream crossing a pasture near the town. It looked like this same species,
but although the specimen was preserved, later I could not find it.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Brisbane and (?) Roma).

168 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Type: No: Hy/1061, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female in
xylol-balsam.

This species is respectfully dedicated to Theodore Schwann of Berlin, who
discovered the animal cell and proved it to be identical with that of plants.

It was compared with a pair of the English species pulchellum Curtis,
labelled ‘‘ Mymar pulchellum Curtis, ¢@. 9. Richmond, England. 10.9.10. C.
Waterhouse’’ and sent to me by its collector who identified it.

2. MYMAR TYNDALLI new species.

Female :—Length, 0:85 mm. ; moderately large for the genus.

General color dusky black, the ventral aspect of the proximal half of the
abdomen, all of that portion of the thorax cephalad of the first legs, abdominal
petiole, coxæ, trochanters and cephalic femora dull honey yellow; rest of the
legs and all of the antenne sooty black; eyes dark; fore wings with slightly less
than a half from apex pronouncedly clouded with sooty black, the proximal
margin of the clouded area in the caudal half of the wing with a distinct scoop
or concavity in it; petioles of the wings proximad suffused with yellowish. Bulbs
of scape yellowish.

At once distinguished from all species of the genus known to me by
having the posterior wings unusually long and hairlike, reaching beyond the
base (caudad) of the small blade of the fore wing. Furthermore, distinguished
from the specimen of pulchellum mentioned above by marked differences in
coloration and in bearing a somewhat broader blade of the fore wing. From
schwanm, tyndalli differs more noticeably, namely in bearing a narrower and
more elongate blade of the fore wing (bearing about 41 primary marginal cilia,
only about 35 in schwanni). Otherwise, structurally the three species are sur-
prisingly similar. The posterior wing in tyndalli is like that of the other species
along its thicker proximal fourth (out to the hooklets), but there it nearly
abruptly narrows, becoming like a very long, hairlike seta arising from the
apex of the thicker proximal portion; slightly distad of its distal fourth it again
perceptibly narrows, becoming like an exceedingly fine hair which is acuminate ;
along the caudal margin of the blade of the fore wing, the posterior wing reaches
slightly beyond the second primary marginal cilium. The proximal three
fourths of the posterior wing, or all of it excepting the narrowest, delicate
distal fourth (or less) bears along it from each side, minute hairlike sete as
with the petiole of the fore wings. Tarsal claws and strigil present. Hooklets
on posterior wings.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. }

Male :—Unknown.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 169

Described from a single female specimen captured from the pane of a
window in workmen’s quarters on a sugar farm near Nelson, N.Q., January 22,
1912, in the mid-afternoon.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson). .

Type: No. Hy/1062, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female in
xylol-balsam (mounted with a female of Anagrus armatus).

Dedicated to John Tyndall, natural philosopher.

There is a distinct possibility that the posterior wings in all species of
Mymar are like those of tyndalli, the setiform portion having become broken
off in the specimen described, as appears so likely to happen from its appearance.
If this is so, coloration and the general characters of the blade of the fore wing
appear to be the only details in which the species differ. Those species so far
seen by me agree remarkably in antennal and leg structures and in the shape of
the body and so on.

GENUS POLYNEMA. Haliday.

All in normal position.

1. POLYNEMA REDUVIOLI Perkins.
Perkins, 1905, pp. 193, 194, 196-197, pls. xır, figs. 3 and 3a; xın, fig. 7.
Idem, 1906, p. xxiv; 1910, p. 667.
The following comparative notes are given concerning this species:

General color black, the legs (excepting distal tarsal joints but including
cox), the abdominal petiole and proximal three antennal joints intense orange-
yellow. Wings hyaline, the venation black.

Second funicle joint somewhat diluted black.

Belonging to that group of species with the proximal funicle joint
lengthened, usually with the scape asperate beneath and usually black, intensely
colored with orange on the appendages and abdominal petiole. It resembles
then the following species of the genus—psecas Girault, enockii Girault and
hawaiiense Ashmead. From psecas and enockw it differs as follows: enockii has
very much broader fore wings (only about 24 longitudinal lines in reduvioli)
with their marginal cilia shorter (the longest in reduvioli somewhat over a third
the greatest width of the wings) ; its proximal funicle joint is longer, subequal
to joint 2, distinctly shorter but not very much so in reduvioli; the third and
fourth funicle joints are subequal in the English species, unequal and shorter
in the Australian one; in the latter also the proximal funicle joint is only a
fourth longer than joint 3. while in enockii it is a third longer. The two species

170 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

are readily distinguished, especially because of the differences in the width of
the fore wings. From the American species psecas it differs only about as much
as it does from enockw, both the American and English forms being closely
related (but see later). From hawaiiense, apparently, it may be distinguished
by its shorter proximal and third funicle joints of the antenne. With the
exceptions noted the species resembles enockw and elsewhere I have pointed out
how closely allied it is to the North American psecas. Scape asperate along its
ventral margin and with a very distinct scaly sculpture; pedicel oval, slightly
over half the length of the first funicle joint; marginal vein of fore wing narrow.
Posterior wing bearing a paired line of discal ciliation along each margin but
apparently with no midlongitudinal short line running from the apex. Marginal
cilia of the fore wing along the cephalic margin not half the length of the
longest marginal cilia (caudo-distad). Longest marginal cilia of caudal wing
about three fourths the length of the longest cilia of the fore wing. Discal
ciliation of the fore wing dense and fine.

(From 1 specimen, 1-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)

Male :—I have noted the male elsewhere while Perkins described it in the
original description of the species.

Redescribed from a single female specimen captured by myself November
4, 1911, from the window of a veranda in a private residence, Kuranda,
Queensland.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Kuranda). Sandwich Islands.

I have since been able to compare this species with authentic specimens
of psecas (Girault) and find the following differences: The second funicle joint
in psecas may be nearly as yellow as the first, not merely dilute black; the
proximal funicle joint is distinctly longer, thus it is. slightly longer than the
second, the first, second and third joints each shortening; the fore wings appear
to be somewhat broader yet the two species are very similar in this respect. They
must be separated on antennal structure. A recomparison of specimens of the
British (enockii) and American (psecas) forms still induces me to consider
them distinct; thus, as regards the length of the proximal funicle joint of the
antenna, psecas comes first with that joint slightly though distinctly longer than
the second, then enockw with the first slightly shorter than the second and then
finally this Australian species (reduviolt) with the first joint distinctly shorter
than the second. This structure of the first funicle joint of the antenna in
reduvioli reveals another gradation between the short and usual proximal funicle
joint and the long joint and strengthens the argument concerning the identity
of Stephanodes Enock with Polynema Haliday. Still another link in the
gradation is the next species.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 17]

2. POLYNEMA SPENCERI new species.
Female :—Length, 0-77 mm.

Black, with the abdomen brownish black, the antennal pedicel, the scape
to a less extent, the first funicle joint, the knees, cephalic tibiæ, most of the
intermediate and posterior tibiæ excepting a band in the middle and the tarsi
except distal joint, pallid yellow, the antennal funicle beyond the first joint
brownish yellow or dusky, the solid club black; remaining portion of the legs
concolorous with the abdomen. Abdominal petiole pallid yellow. Wings
perfectly clear, transparent.

Differs from the preceding species in having narrower fore wings which
bear finer and shorter discal ciliation (16 lines), the ciliation disappearing
proximad and not dense; the color of the appendages is duller, the antennal
joints are shorter, the second joint for instance distinctly not twice the length
of the pedicel, the first joint, however, lengthened so as to be longer than the
pedicel or subequal to it and at least two thirds the length of the second and
longest funicle joint. Thus, in relation to the second joint, the first appears to
be lengthened as in psecas but in reality it is no longer than the same joint in
consobrinus. The longest marginal cilia of the fore wing (disto-caudad) are
about two thirds or not quite, the greatest width of those wings. The cilia are
longer cephalo-distad and caudo-distad than at the apex. Posterior wings narrow,
their caudal marginal cilia nearly as long as the longest marginal cilia of the
fore wings; they bear 2 lines of discal cilia, one along each margin, the cilia in
each line not close together; apparently neither line is paired. Fore wings in
discal ciliation doubtless resembling somewhat the North American piceipes
Girault.

Antennz normal for the genus, none of the nine joints long; first funicle
joint somewhat lengthened for the genus; second funicle joint longest of the
funicle, one and a half times longer than the pedicel, only slightly longer than
the third, which is distinctly longer than the first; funicle widening after
joint 3; joint 4 short, oval, slightly shorter than 1, joint 5 only slightly shorter
than 4; the distal funicle joint still very slightly shorter and broader, the shortest
joint. The club large but not long.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured at Cooktown, N.Q.,
February 3, 1912 from the panes of a window in an unoccupied dwelling.
Respectfully dedicated to Herbert Spencer, great philosopher and forceful
exponent of reason as based on experience.

172 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Cooktown).

Type: No. Hy/1070, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen
in xylol-balsam (mounted with specimens of Trichogramma, type Paratricho-
gramma and Oligosita).

3. POLYNEMA DRAPERI new species.
Male :—Length, 0:70 mm. ; moderately small for the genus.

Black, the antennal scape and pedicel, the abdominal petiole and the
legs excepting distal tarsal joints and the intermediate and caudal femora and
tibiæ (which are suffused with dusky) pale orange yellow. Wings uniformly
subhyaline.

Somewhat like the North American species longipes (Ashmead), the fore
wings narrow, with only about from eleven to twelve lines of discal ciliation
across the widest portion of the blade, the longest marginal cilia about a fourth
longer than the greatest width. Though of the general type of longipes, the
fore wings are much broader than in that species, their discal ciliation fine,
shorter and more dense. But they are shaped in general like those of longipes,
being elliptical and obtusely pointed at apex, shaped somewhat like a torpedo,
Caudal wings very narrow. -Parapsidal furrows complete. Proximal tarsal
joints long and slender, subequal to the next two joints combined or slightly
longer. Antenne 13-jointed, normal, longitudinally striated on the funicle, the
first funicle joint about twice the length of the pedicel, the joints shortening
distad; funicle joints 1-4 subequal, long and slender, a third or fourth longer
than the club joint which is long-elliptical and four times longer than its greatest
width; funicles 5-6 slightly shorter than 4; 7-10 subequal and shorter, 10 only
slightly longer than the club joint.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )

Female :—Not known.

Described from a single male specimen captured by sweeping grass in a
field near Cooktown, N.Q., February 27, 1912. Captured with specimens of the
trichogrammatid Tumidiclava ciliata Girault. Dedicated to John William
Draper, the physiologist, who has shown so clearly that civilisations, societies
and all human populations are as immutably ruled by natural law as is the
development of the individual human or the evolution of a species of bird or
plant. The works of this man are neglected by nations at their peril.

Habitat: Australia—Cooktown and Thursday Island, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1069, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above male in
xylol-balsam (mounted with five females of Tumidiclava ciliata Girault).

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II.—GIRAULT. 173

Subsequently, another male was captured by sweeping grass on Thursday
Island, Torres Strait, March 13, 1912. This had the antennal and proximal
tarsal joints all somewhat relatively longer and more slender. Later still a
third male was found which had been captured from the pane of a window in
an unoccupied dwelling at Cooktown, January 31, 1912.

4. POLYNEMA SIEBOLDI new species.

The two specimens of this species were first taken to be albicoxa Ashmead,
whose original description is not now available to me so that I am not sure
that they are correctly identified. The species agrees with the Ashmeadean
species ; it bears the single fascia across the fore wings, the coxe and trochanters.
are white, the rest of the legs lemon-yellow while the funicle distad of the
proximal joint is very pale brownish, the club black, the distal funicle joint
darker than the others. The distal tarsal joint is dusky; the first three joints of
the antennæ are lemon-yellow, while the abdominal petiole is whitish. The band
across the fore wing is subquadrate, somewhat over its own length from the
marginal vein, a third nearer to the latter than to the wing apex. The scape is
not sculptured or asperate; the first funicle joint is longer than the pedicel and
at least thrice longer than wide, half the length of the long second joint and
subequal in length to the fourth funicle joint; the third funicle joint is slightly
shorter than the second and widened slightly distad. The proximal tarsal joint
is very long and slender, nearly as long as the combined lengths of the other
three joints. The discal cilia of the fore wing are moderately fine, arranged in
about eighteen lines while the longest marginal cilia are about two thirds the
greatest width of the wing. The posterior wings are dusky throughout. The
ovipositor is only slightly exserted. But I must consider it distinct for the
reasons given beyond.

The foregoing notes are based on a single female captured by sweeping
in a jungle near canefields at Goondi (Innisfail), N.Q., July 24, 1912. Girault
(191la) records a male from Fiji but both that record and this Australian one
must be under suspicion until the species albicoxa is better known, since I
believe it was described from the West Indies.

While at first concluding that the above specimen is the same as the Fiji
male identified as albicoxa, subsequently I found a male captured also in the
jungle at Goondi, several days later. This male differs from the description of
the Fiji specimen in having decidedly shorter antennal joints and this fact
makes me conclude that the Australian form is a distinct species, differing
colorationally in some character which cannot be made out from the descriptions.
Since albicoxa was described, I believe, from the West Indies, the Fiji specimen
is also probably distinct but for the present I leave it as identified by me in 1911.
There are thus probably three species of Polynema bearing one-banded fore
wings.

174 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

The male sieboldi has the antennal funicle and club black, the first funicle
joint, however, whitish, the scape and pedicel lemon-yellow like the legs; the
coxæ are yellow; knees of the caudal legs fuscous. The funicle joints are not
quite thrice longer than wide, the somewhat shorter proximal joint of the
funicle about twice the length of the spherical pedicel which is somewhat wider
than long. The species is moderately small for the genus, measuring about
0-65 mm.

(From a single specimen of each sex, the same magnification.)
Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Goondi, Innisfail District).

Types: No. Hy/1073, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the foregoing
specimens, two slides (the 9 mounted with the male type of Polynema romanesi
Girault). | |

Polynema sieboldi is dedicated to Carl Theodore Siebold who discovered
single-celled organisms.

5. POLYNEMA ROMANESI new species.
Male :—Length, 1-00 mm.

Black, the scape and pedicel of the antenna, the legs and abdominal
petiole orange-yellow; distal tarsal joint black; funicle wholly black; marginal
vein brownish black, the fore wings indistinctly, somewhat irregularly lightly
stained. Coxe lightly tinged with fuscous.

Different from all the preceding species but most similar to draperi from
which it differs in having broader fore wings, longer legs and antennal joints
and more intense yellow coloration. The fore wings bear about sixteen lines of
moderately fine discal ciliation; the marginal cilia of the fore wing are about as
long as three fourths of the greatest wing width. The fore wings are moderately
slender. The longest antennal joints, joints 2-5 of the funicle, are each fully
six times their greatest width. Posterior wings very narrow. Pedicel obeonic.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )
Female :—Not known.

Described from a single male specimen taken alive from a spider’s web
suspended between cane-plants along the edge of a eanefield in jungle country,
Darradgee, N.Q., July 26, 1912. Named after G. J. Romanes, one of the

pioneers of animal psychology.
- Habitat: Australia—Darradgee, Innisfail District, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1074, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forenoted male
(mounted with the female type of P. sieboldi). j

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—IL.—GIRAULT. 175

LITERATURE REFERRED TO.

1887. Ashmead, William Harris, Canadian Entomologist, London, Ontario, xrx.

1905. Perkins, R.C.L., Bull. No. 1, part 6, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, Honolulu
1906. Idem. Ib., introduction.

1910. Idem. Fauna Hawaiiensis, Cambridge, England, 11, pt. vr.

191l a. Girault, Alexandre Arsène. Archiv. f. Natirgeschichte, Berlin.

1911 b. Idem, Entomological News, Philadelphia, xxıı.

1911 c. Idem, Transactions American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, xxvit.

1911 d. Idem, Proceedings Entomological Society of Washington (U.S.A.), XIII.

1912. Idem. Ib., x1v. |

176 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

AUSTRALIAN
HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA--III.*

The Family Elasmide, with Descriptions of New Species.

By A. A. GIRAULT.

_ INTRODUCTION.

THE family ELASMID& is a small one, consisting but of two genera. Heretofore
only a single member of the family had been recorded from Australia and I
have not as yet succeeded in capturing it. The species is Huryischia lestophoni
Howard, the only representative of the second genus of the family. This genus,
in my opinion, is doubtfully elasmid since I have found an encyrtid genus in
Australia with elasmid wings and caudal coxe and characters of this sort may
have led Ashmead to ally the genus with the ELAsmMipa. However, neither the
insect nor its original description is accessible to me, so that I must be content.
to accept Ashmead’s conclusion.

The types are deposited in the Queensland Museum at Brisbane.

HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA.
Famity ELASMIDA.
Genus ELASMUS Westwood.

Allin normal position. It is not certain that both sexes of all species have
been correctly paired, since coloration alone was used for that purpose.

1, ELASMUS SERENUS new species.
Female :—Length, 2-0 mm.; usual in size for the genus.
Dull honey yellow, the tibiæ, tarsi and the flagellum darker. Eyes dark

red; a large black, rounded triangular area (apex caudad) on mesopleurum
beneath the fore wing insertion but central (also, it is between the cephalic and

* Contribution No. 5, Entomological Laboratory, Sugar Experiment Stations, Mackay, Queensland.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—III.—GIRAULY. 177

intermediate coxæ but above them); base of abdomen above fuscous; exposed
tips of valves of ovipositor black, a spot at base of ovipositor fuscous; dorsal
edge of intermediate coxæ and the centre of the same edge in the caudal coxe
black; black spines on caudal tibiæ forming conspicuous sagittate areas, the
lines crossing and recrossing; axille black; coxe, femora and antennal scape
lighter than the body; centre of the vertex black as is also the disk of the
metathorax more obscurely; scutellum and postscutellum lemon-yellow, lighter
than the dull honey-yellow of the body; occiput black; venation dull brown, the
wings uniformly slightly brownish. Pronotum dark, especially at the meson
cephalad.

Mesoscutum with*dense black pubescence which lies close to the body,
that is, it is not erect; the mesoscutellum, however, is naked with the exception
of one much larger, black bristle at each corner, its surface very delicately
roughened; head with black, stiff hairs and thimble punctures. Wings densely
ciliate; the long, slender proximal tarsal joint slightly shorter than the combined
lengths of the other three joints. Intermediate femora as much compressed
as the posterior, the intermediate coxa, however, conical. Fore wings with short
marginal fringes. Mesopleurum very finely lined; caudal coxe polygonally
lined. Parapsidal furrows absent. No strigil.

Antenne 9-jointed* ; 3 funicle joints, all long and slender, subequal, club
3-jointed, its basal joint longest, only slightly shorter than the distal joint of the
funicle; distal club joint much shorter. The ring-joint is short.

(From a single specimen, ¥-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.)
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female captured at Babinda, N.Q., by sweeping
in a jungle, October 28, 1911. In the above description, mention was omitted
of a small black dot just above insertion of cephalic coxa.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Babinda).

Type: No. Hy/1076, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female
mounted on a tag plus the head in xylol-balsam.

2. ELASMUS AUSTRALIENSIS new species.
Female :—Length, 2-00 mm.

Dark metallic green, the produced base of the abdomen beneath reddish,
suffused with yellow; the distal half of the caudal coxæ yellowish white, the tarsi
blackish or pale, the tibiæ pale, the black spines of the caudal tibiz arranged as
in the preceding species (serenus); antenne black, the scape lighter; vertex

* The antennæ are most probably 10-jointed in all of the species, the first ring-joint being overlooked.
M

178 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

yellow, excepting laterad before reaching the eye-margin on each side; ocelli
ruby-red. Wings and venation colored as in serenus. Eyes garnet. Color of
body with much purplish reflection. Intermediate coxa black along its upper
edge; legs otherwise pale yellowish. Mesoscutum and caudal coxa polygonally
lined, the femora also appearing to bear minute pin-punctures; it is pubescent;
apex of abdomen stiffly hairy. Abdomen conic-ovate, the ovipositor not exserted.
lead with thimble-punctures.

Antenne with the club more defined than in serenus where it is cylindrical ;
here, it is ovate; also, in this species the funicle joints are much shorter, not
much longer than wide.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )
Male :—Not known.

Deseribed from a single specimen captured from the pane of a window in
men’s lodgings on a sugar farm near Nelson (Cairns District), N.Q., December
3, 1911. The half and half coloration of the caudal coxæ, the yellowish vertex,
the metallic green of the general body color reflecting purple and the reddish
yellow of the ventral base of the abdomen, taken together with the antennal
characters mentioned, are the characteristics of the species.

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson).

Type: No. Hy/1077, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forementioned
specimen mounted on a tag. |

3. ELASMUS INSULARIS new species.
Female :—Length, 2:15 mm.

Head and thorax metallic green but the face yellow ventrad of the
insertion of the antenne; abdomen reddish, black at extreme tip and just before
tip crossed by a black stripe; eyes and ocelli garnet; scape, femora and tibiæ
pallid yellowish, the black spines of the caudal tibie arranged as in the two
preceding species, the cox also pale yellow; tarsi dusky. Antenne dusky.
Base of abdomen above black. Venation dusky. Sides of thorax just above
insertion of cephalic coxa whitish. Antenne as in serenus but the third
funicle joint and the proximal joint of the club are shorter. Head with thimble-
like punctures. Mesoseutum hairy.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)

Male :-—The same but the coloration of the abdomen is pale yellow and
the head all black; the fourth funicle joint of the antennæ is very long and
slender. -Antennz 10-jointed.

(From one specimen, similarly magnified.)

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—II1.—GIRAULT. 179

Described from one pair captured by sweeping in a forest on Double
Island off the coast of North Queensland near Cairns (about fourteen miles north
and about one mile west from the mainland), December 25, 1911. And a male
captured by sweeping in a forest near Nelson, May 10, 1912. The male from
Double Island had the basal half of the caudal coxæ darker.

The pedicel of male antenna is larger than the first funicle joint; the
first joint of the club (male) slightly longer than the second. The rami are not
jointed but only apparently so.

Habitat: Australia—Double Island and Nelson, N.Q.

Types: No. Hy/1078, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the forementioned
specimens (2 ¢, 1 9 on tags), plus one balsam slide bearing an antenna from
each of the males.

4. ELASMUS FORMOSUS new species.

Female :—Length, 2-25 mm.

Like serenus but the general coloration is deeper and brighter, orange-
yellow and the large black area is not present in the middle of the mesopleurum;
other markings also differ. Marked with black thus: The centre of the vertex.
the axillæ and tegulæ, tip of the abdomen and valves of the ovipositor, the disk
of the metanotum triangularly or quadrangularly, two spots in a longitudinal
line on each side of (not upon) the scutellum, margins on each side of base of
abdomen (very narrowly dorsal aspect) and a minute spot at base of abdomen,
centrally, dorsal aspect. Pubescence, arrangement of the black hairs on the
posterior tibiæ,. wings and antenne as in serenus. Dorsal half of the occiput
black, excepting dorso-laterad.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )

Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured the same place and date
as was insularis. ,

Habitat: Australia—Queensland (Nelson, N.Q.; Double Island, off the

coast).
Type: No. Hy/1079, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female

mounted on a cardpoint or tag.

On October 9, 1912, a second 9 by sweeping, forest, Nelson, N.Q.; the
sides of the base of the abdomen were more broadly blackened, the tip of
abdomen merely fuscous; the minute spot at the centre of base of abdomen
absent; the caudal of the two spots on each side of scutellum surrounds the

propodeal spiracle. s
5. ELASMUS AQUILA new species.

Female :—Length, 2-20 mm.

Dark metallic green with æneous tinges, the distal half of the abdomen,
including the valves of the ovipositor, black, the basal half (excepting a dusky
portion at extreme base in the dorsal aspect) orange-yellow; oral area whitish ;

180. MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

- antenne, coxe (excepting base of cephalic and all except extreme base of caudal),
femora excepting proximal half and the tibie pallid to pallid dusky, the tarsi
dusky; black spines on caudal tibiæ arranged as in the other species. Tips of
antenne lighter. Antenne with the funicle and club joints short but the former
longer than wide while the club joints are subquadrate. Intermediate coxæ
mostly black. Marginal cilia of fore wing somewhat shorter than in the preceding
species. Head, vertex and mesoscutum with numerous thimble-like punctures.
All of caudal femora black. Fore wings not hyaline but more or less obscurely
irregularly infusecated. One or two faint dusky stripes across the abdomen just:
proximad of the black portion.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )

Male:—The same but no dusky stripes on abdomen; antenne brown-
black, the fourth funicle joint long and slender; flagellum feathery. Mandibles
o-dentate, the teeth gradually smaller inwardly.

Described from a single specimen of each sex captured by sweeping within
and about the edges of a jungle near Yungaburra, N.Q., December 30, 1911
(female) and by sweeping miscellaneous vegetation, west bank of the Pioneer
River, Mackay, Queensland, October 19, 1911; near jungle.

Habitat: Australia—Yungaburra and Mackay, Queensland.

Types: No. Hy/1080, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above male and
female mounted separately on cardpoints, plus one slide bearing the head of the
male.

6. ELASMUS VICINUS new species.

Male :—The same as female aquila but much smaller, measuring in length
only 1:00 mm. Also its wings are perfectly hyaline and the cephalic coxa bears
more blackish. The antenne bear a slender, conic-ovate club of which the third
and distal joint is minute; the funicle is 4-jointed the first three joints small,
each bearing a long, slender ramus; the fourth joint much longer, slender but
comparatively short, subequal to the club; of the three ramose joints the distal
is largest. The abdomen has less reddish yellow and is nearly all black.

(From a single specimen, the same magnification. )

Described from a single male specimen captured by sweeping in a jungle,
Yungaburra, N.Q., December 30, 1911. Although captured with a female of
aquila while the male of that species was captured at Mackay and in a somewhat
different habitat, a mangrove swamp in a jungle, instead of a pure jungle, I
believe this specimen must be distinct since it is so much smaller and has hyaline
wings. It differs much in antennal structure from what I have designated as.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—III.—GIRAULT. 181

the male of aquila, since the funicle above the branches consists of a single joint,
which though slender is not half the length of that part of the funicle in the male
of aquila.

Habitat: Australia—Yungaburra, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1081, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen
mounted on a tag, plus head and appendages on a slide in xylol-balsam.

7. ELASMUS CYANEICOXA new species.

Male :-—The same as the female of aquila but the caudal and intermediate
cox are metallic bluish, the abdomen less reddish at base, more yellowish, the
dusky stripes in the colored portion absent. The three branches of the antenna
are very long, many-jointed and feathery with very fine, long hairs; the funicle
above the branches is very long and appears to be indistinctly divided into several
unequal joints, some of which are slender and much longer than the others. The
fore wings are less infuseated. The antennal club is 3-jointed, the basal joint
long, a third longer than the second joint, the distal joint a mere spur. Mandibles
6-dentate.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )

Female :—Not known.

Described from a male captured at dusk by sweeping grass in a forest at
Nelson, April 10, 1912.

Habitat: Australia—Nelson, N.Q.

Type: No. Hy/1082, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen
plus the head on a slide.

8. ELASMUS IMPUDENS new species.
Male :—-Length, 1-70 mm.

Metallic green, very dark, the abdomen near base, narrowly, with a faint
transverse band of orange; tarsi and antenne brownish, the antennal club, the
coxe, the femora and much of all tibia black; scape and pedicel black or dusky ;
wings hyaline. Distal tarsal joints darker. Caudal femora longitudinally ribbed.
Head and mesoscutum with thimble-punctures. Cephalic tarsi paler; antennal
funicle with a long fourth joint but which is not as long as that in aquila.
Otherwise as in preceding species. Scutellum naked, finely polygonally lined.

(From one specimen, the same magnification. )
Female :—-Not known.
Deseribed from one male captured by sweeping the forested top of the

hills near the coast, mainland, Double Island (near Cairns), N.Q., Australia,
December 24, 1912. Characterised by the nearly wholly dark body.

182 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.
Habitat: Australia—Double Island, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1083, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above male
specimen mounted on a tag.

9. ELASMUS MINOR new species.

Male :—Length, 0-60 mm.; small for the genus.

The same as vicinus but the legs are all pale except the proximal half of
the caudal coxa, the body is much smaller, the proximal half of the abdomen pale
yellowish. Legs and antenne yellowish. Wings hyaline. The fourth joint of the
antennal funicle is longer and more slender than in vicinus while at the same time

the proximal club joint is longer, the two proximal joints of the club less equal
than with vicinus. Otherwise as in preceding species.

(From a single specimen, similarly magnified.)
Female :—Not known.

Described from a single male captured by sweeping miscellaneous vegeta-
tion in a jungle growth along the west bank of the Pioneer River, Mackay,
Queensland, October 19, 1911.

Habitat: Australia—Mackay, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1084, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above-mentioned
specimen, mounted on a slide in xylol-balsam.

10. ELASMUS NIGRISCUTELLUM new species.
Female :—Length, 2-25 mm.

Ochreous yellow or yellow with a _ reddish tinge, the vertex, face,
mesopostseutellum and the posterior border of the mesoscutum, rather broadly,
contrasting bright lemon-yellow. Marked with black with a purplish lustre as
follows: The mesoscutellum and axille, a large rounded spot in the mesopleurum
under the insertion of the fore wing, the centre of the vertex, the central black
area, connecting broadly posteriorly with the occiput and narrowly laterally
with each eye-margin, the disk of the metanotum, the base of the tegule, a spot
at base of abdomen in the middle and a transverse spot on each side of it; the
dorsal edge of posterior coxa, the cephalic half of the occiput, the antennæ, except

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—III.—GIRAULT. 183

the pale yellow scape and the tarsi. Legs pallid yellow, the caudal tibiæ with the
usual arrangement of the black spines. Tip of abdomen black, including the
valves of the ovipositor. Head-with thimble-punctures, the vertex also finely,
transversely lined; ocelli within the black central spot of vertex. First funicle
joint much longer than pedicel, the second and third joints subequal, each slightly
shorter than the first, the basal club joint the longest of the jomts of the club.
Otherwise as in formosus.

(From one specimen, similarly magnified.)
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured by sweeping mis-
cellaneous trees, bushes and grasses on the forest-downs near Hughenden,
Queensland, July 14, 1912. |

Habitat: Australia—Hughenden, Queensland.

Type: None. The specimen was accidentally lost just after describing it.

11. ELASMUS SPECIOSISSIMUS new species.

Female :—Length, 2-23 mm.

Like nigriscutellum but the black markings more or less suffused with
metallic greenish and differing in pattern as follows: The central black area of
the vertex does not extend laterad narrowly to the eye-margins but its lateral
margins are straight or nearly ; the pronotum is lemon-yellow (besides the vertex,
head, scutellum and portions of the scutum) excepting in a rounded area at
cephalic margin in the median line; the broad caudal lemon-yellow border of the
mesoscutum is emarginate, extends more narrowly also up the lateral margins,
the posterior portion penetrating the metallic greenish black of the disk on each
side of the meson in the shape of a broad, acute tooth; consequently, the blackish
portion descends caudad along the meson in the shape of a blunt cone; the two
areas have the appearance of being mortised into each other. The base of the
abdomen «is crossed dorsad by a moderately broad, continuous, metallic green
stripe while the tip of the abdomen is black for a distance equal to a fourth, or
nearly, of the abdomen’s length, the blackness divided by a narrow transverse
stripe of orange-yellow. Moreover, the black area in the centre of the meso-
pleurum is not isolated but continuous with the greenish black of the scutellum
and involves a portion of the base of the enormous caudal coxe. The legs are
pallid yellowish with the black spines of the caudal tibia arranged as in the other
species. Scape lemon-yellow, the rest of the antenna black. Dorsal half of

184 ‘MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

occiput black, except where invaded by the yellow of the vertex. Third funicle
joint somewhat shorter than the second which is a fourth shorter than the long
first joint. Head and thorax with umbilicate punctures. Wings more or less
slightly infuseated. Eyes ovate, garnet. :

(From one specimen, similarly magnified.)
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female captured August 16, 1912, by sweeping
foliage and grass in a forest, Nelson, N.Q.

Habitat: Queensland, Australia (Nelson near Cairns).

Type: No. Hy/1168, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen,
tagmounted (abdomen only; plus head in xylol-balsam). 3

12. ELASMUS SPLENDIDUS new species.

Female :—Length, 2-00 mm.

Dark metallic green, the abdomen in general yellowish. The abdomen,
except disto-ventrad before tip where it is suffused with ochreous or reddish and
excepting the black markings mentioned later, the ventral third of the occiput, an
obliqued subquadrate spot on the occipital margin of the vertex, laterad against
each eye, one of its corners entering the metallic green occiput, the caudal coxa
for the most part (but less bright), the entire face ventrad of the vertex, the
antennal scape, the shoulder or the cephalo-lateral angle of the pronotum, the
centre of the mesopostscutellum transversely and the middle of the lateral margins
of the scutellam narrowly,* bright lemon-yellow; femora and tibiw pallid
yellowish, the tarsus black in all the legs. Antennie, base of abdomen broadly,
tip of abdomen and ovipositor black; (dorsal aspect) three rectangular (wider
than long) brown-black spots on each side of the abdomen, forming a rectangle
(longer than wide) in the middle of the dorsal aspect (proximo-distad), the spots
at each edge, the caudal pair nearer to the blackness of the abdomen’s base.
Serobes of antenne (ventro-cephalic aspect) forming a triangle with bevelled
sides, the antennz inserted about in the middle of the face. Distal half of dorsal
edge of posterior coxa black. Eyes garnet. Tegula pallid. Vertex with umbili-

cate punctures; mesoscutum densely hairy ; scutellum polished but rather densely

* Also apparently extending caudad around the margin from both sides obscurely.

. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—III.—GIRAULT. 185

polygonally reticulated, its margin rimmed obtusely. Upper edge of posterior
femur blackish. Venation pallid dusky, the wings hyaline, densely ciliated.
Funicle joints all very much longer than the pedicel, the first joint longest of the
flagellum, joints 2 and 3 subequal, each somewhat shorter than 1; club shorter
than funicle, 3-jointed, its proximal joints longest; 2 ring-joints. Black spines
of posterior tibiæ as in the other species. |

| (From a single specimen, similarly magnified. )
Male :—Not known.

Described from a single female specimen, captured August 25, 1912 at
Nelson, N.Q., by sweeping foliage and grasses in adjoining forest.

Habitat: Australia—Nelson (Cairns), N.Q.

Type: No. Hy/1164, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above-described
female, cardmounted plus the head in xylol-balsam.

The first of the two ring-joints in this species is very short and thin but
its presence appears not to be exceptional within the genus.

18. ELASMUS CYANEUS new species.
Female :—Length, 1-85 mm.

Whole body dark metallic blue, only the scape, knees and cephalic tibize
whitish; hence differing from all of the preceding twelve species in lacking any
yellowish coloration on the head, thorax or abdomen and also in being metallic
blue instead of metallic green, most of the legs colored like the body. Three
basal joints of cephalic tarsus and funicle of antenna pallid suffused with dusky,
the antennal club darker. Wings hyaline. Vertex and mesoseutum with umbili-
cate punctures, the latter densely hairy (the hairs black), the seutellum naked,
finely polygonally reticulated as is also the metanotum. Distal abdominal
segments similarly reticulated, the large basal segment smooth, about twice the
length of the following segments. Black spines of posterior tibiæ obscure. Funicle
joints cylindrical ovate, subequal, stouter but not much longer than the pedicel,
the club wider than the funicle, ovate, its basal joint forming nearly half.
Antennze 10-jointed, there being two ring-joints the first of which is concealed
and very thin and short. Mandibles 5-dentate, the two innermost (mesal) teeth
minute, the two lateral ones acute and subequal. Club of antenna about as long
as the distal two funicle joints.

(From one specimen, similarly magnified.)

Male:—The same but a half smaller; fourth funicle joint subequal to
the club, the rami extending only to basal club joint. |

186 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Described from a single female specimen captured at the same time and
place as was the species splendidus. Also a male in a similar situation, October
ork i

Habitat: Australia—Nelson (Cairns). N.Q.

Types: No. Hy/1165, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the foredescribed
female on a cardmount plus the head, its appendages and anterior legs in xylol-
balsam, one slide; the above male on a slide.

14. ELASMUS FLAVIPOSTSCUTELLUM new species.
Female :—Length, 1-75 mm.

Somewhat like insularis, from which it may be distinguished at once by
reason of the fact that the postscutellum of the thorax is lemon-yellow; also the
head and thorax are wholly deep metallic green. Scape and legs pallid yellowish,
_ the tarsi dark, the proximal half or less of the posterior femur metallic green.
Base of abdomen rather broadly metallic greenish followed by a long intermediate
portion which is orange yellowish and then a black distal portion about equal in
length to the orange-yellow portion. Wings hyaline, their tegule concolorous
with the body. Antenne brownish. Black hairs on posterior tibiæ as in insularis.
Occiput dark metallic green. Head and scutum with umbilicate punctures.
Mandibles 6-dentate, the two outer teeth large, subequal, the — four much
smaller, gradatingly smaller mesad but all distinct.

Antenne 10-jointed, the first ring-joint concealed. Funicle 1 somewhat
longer than 2 which is subequal to 3 or slightly longer; funicle 1 short, one and
a half, or more or less, times longer than wide, the longest joint of the flagellum
but not much longer than the two basal club joints which are subequal and each
only slightly shorter than either of the distal two funicle joints, each about
subequal in length to the pedicel.

(From a single specimen, similarly magnified.)
Male :—(See beyond.)

Described from a single female captured by sweeping foliage and grass in
a forest, Nelson, N.Q., August 27, 1912.

Habitat: Australia—Nelson and Quingilli (Cairns), N.Q.

Types: No. Hy/1166, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above female
mounted on a cardpoint plus the head and its appendages on a slide in xylol-
balsam. And two headless males on a single card, with mounted head in balsam.
Two cardmounts, two slides.

Later, in a forest at Quingilli, I captured the male, which is described
herewith.

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—III—GIRAULT. 187

Male :—Like cyaneicoxa but the scape is dark only at the tip, the fourth
funicle joint shorter in relation to the length of the club, the abdomen with a
silvery white stripe across it along the distal half of the proximal half, the stripe
separated from the base of the abdomen by a concolorous area equal to half of its
width and the mandibles are but 5-dentate. General color metallic purple, the
legs pallid excepting the black tarsi and the metallic greenish proximal half of
the caudal coxa; base of abdomen metallic green. Antenne black excepting as
noted. Intermediate coxa and base of cephalic coxe metallic purplish. Post-
scutellum lemon-yellow, more plainly so at base. Length, 1-30 mm. September
13, 1912.

(From three specimens, the same magnification. )

15. ELASMUS QUINGILLIENSIS new species.
Female :—Length, 2-10 mm.

Like serenus but the spot on the mesopleurum is farther ventrad and con-
nected more or less obscurely with the black tegula along the suture separating
the two sclerites of the mesopleurum; the black spot in the centre of the vertex
is metallic greenish and wider leaving less yellow between it and the eye-margin ;
there is a continuous, transverse stripe of black across the cephalic margin of the
scutellum, moderate in width, not thin and suture-like; and more blackish on
the pronotum and at base of abdomen where there is a moderately broad black
stripe which is continuous. Abdomen orange reddish, the head and thorax pallid
lemon-yellow, the legs paler; tarsi black. Pronotum metallic greenish black,
excepting at caudal mesial margin and the caudo-lateral halves on each side.
Axille and tegule black. Face yellow. Antenne black, excepting the-scape.
Tip of postseutellum black, the segment margined on each side of itself, in the
propodeum, by black which forms a V-shaped black marking on the metathorax
or propodeum. Tip of valves of the ovipositor, but not of the abdomen, black.
Mesiai portion of scutum triangularly and of the scutellum, suffused more
or less with ochreous, on the scutellum forming oblique lines of lemon-yellow like
parapsidal grooves and a more or less distinct rounded spot at the middle of each
side. Caudal coxe and the femora blackish along the upper margin. Otherwise
as in serenus. The ochreous area in the scutum is long and wedge-shaped, its
apex at the caudal margin or near it.

(From one specimen, the same magnification.)
Male :—Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured by sweeping foliage and
grass in a forest near Quingilli, N.Q., September 13, 1912.

Habitat: Australia—Quingilli on the Mulgrave River, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy/1167, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the foregoing female
on a card.

158 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

TABLE TO THE SPECIES OF ELASMUS WESTWOOD—AUSTRALIA,
MALES AND FEMALES,

1, Major color yellow or orange-yellow, without metallic coloration
but marked with more or less lustrous black.

(a.) Mesopleurum with a large, isolated, black area under inser-
tion of fore wing.

Body dull honey-yellow, the axille black; abdomen fus-
cous above at base; the large central black area
of vertex reaching occipital margin but laterad
with nearly straight margins; flagellum and tarsi
dusky ; tips of valves of ovipositor black; disk of
metanotum obscurely black; scutellum and post-
scutellum lemon-yellow. Occiput black .. -. serenus Girault,
Body reddish yellow, the axillæ and scutellum purplish
black; base of abdomen with a central black spot
and a transverse spot on each side of the latter;
tip of abdomen black; the central area of vertex
with its lateral margins extended to the eye-margin
and sloping caudad to occiput margin; post- -
scutellum, head and posterior border of scutum
lemon-yellow ; disk of metanotum black .. -. nigriscutellum Girault.
(b.) Mesopleurum without a large isolated black area under
insertion of fore wing.
Body orange-yellow ; tip of abdomen black and the tegule
and axillæ, also the disk of the metanotum, two
spots in a longitudinal line on each side of the
scutellum, lateral margins of abdomen very nar-
rowly and a minute spot in centre of abdomen at
base sie a sa he A fe .. formosus Girault.
2. Major color the same but marked with more or less metallic
coloration.

Like the preceding two species but differing in color pat-
tern. Central area of vertex with straight lateral
margins; pronotum lemon-yellow but with a large
round metallic area cephalad at the meson. Meso-
scutum with its lateral and caudal margins lemon-
yellow, the metallic greenish black of the disk
descending caudad at meson like a blunt cone.
Base of abdomen with a metallic green stripe; tip
of abdomen dark; dark area in centre of meso-
pleurum not isolated Woh a En ‘ie :

The same but like serenus, only the central area of vertex
is metallic green and wider, the spot on mesopleurum
narrowly connected with the tegula ; axille and tegule
black ; see description .. ie es ue -. quingilliensis Girault.

3. Major color metallic green or purple, marked with yellow or
orange and black.
(a.) Centre of the vertex yellow.
Dark metallic green ; produced venter of abdomen near
base reddish suffused with orange; basal half of
caudal coxa metallic; legs nearly all pale yellow,
the tarsi dark. Antennz mostly all black .. australiensis Girault.

speciosissimus Girault,

AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA—III.—GIRAULT. 189

(6.) Occipital angles of vertex lemon-yellow on each side.
Abdomen yellowish except broadly at base and tip, where
it is black and also excepting three rectangular
black spots on each side in the dorsal aspect ;
ventral third of occiput, face, scape, shoulders,
lateral and caudal margins of scutellum lemon-
yellow. Tegula pallid ot ae Hi .. splendidus Girault.
(c.) Vertex wholly black.
(1.) Legs nearly all pallid yellow, excepting coxæ and tarsi.
Postscutellum concolorous.
Abdomen reddish, black at tip and extreme base ;
face yellowish below antenne; caudal
coxa usually yellow, sometimes proximal
half black; side of thorax dorsad of
cephalic coxa whitish o insularis Girault.
Abdomen at distal half black, reddish prosan
half; proximal half of femora black or
Ee ; wings more or less dusky ; funicle
4 in male much longer than the club .. aquila Girault.
Same, but smaller, the wings hyaline ; funicle 4
in male short, subequal to club ; abdomen
nearly all black .. : .. vicinus Girault.
Same as aquila but the coxe all modlic bas .. cyaneicora Girault.
Abdomen with proximal half pale yellow, distal
half dark; only the proximal half of
caudal coxa dark; very small .. .. minor Girault.
Postscutellum lemon-yellow.
Abdomen with base broadly metallic greenish,
followed by a long intermediate portion
which is orange yellowish and then a black
distal portion about equal in length to
the orange-yellow portion. Tegule con-
colorous. Proximal half or less of pos-
terior femur metallic greenish .. .. flavipostscutellum Girault.
(2.) Legs nearly all dark except tips of tibiæ.
Dark metallic green, the abdomen with a narrow
orange band around its base ; tarsi and funicle
brownish ; scape and pedicel black .. .. impudens Girault.
4, Entire color dark metallic blue.
Scape, knees and cephalic tibie whitish, the rest of
the legs concolorous with the body; funicle
joints cylindrical ovate and subequal ; proximal
club joint forming nearly half of the club .. cyaneus Girault.

Genus EURYISCHIA Howard.
1. EURYISCHIA LESTOPHONI Howard.

I have expressed an opinion concerning the systematic position of this
species in the introduction. De Dalla Torre places the genus under his Chalci-
darum Genera Sedis Incertæ and gives the rhynchophorous Lestophonus icerye
as host (the Lestophonus is a dipteron). Since the parasite is connected with
the economic Icerya purchasi Maskell, it most probably occurs in California and
perhaps parts of Africa. In Australia it occurs in Victoria at least.

190 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

ARANEIDA FROM THE BLACKALL RANGES.

Bew. T RAINBOW: EELS RRES;

~

Entomologist to the Australian Museum, Sydney.

(Figs. 1-16.)

THE following is a list of Spiders, comprising a small collection, from the Blackall Ranges.
Most of the species are well-known Eastern coastal forms, whilst six appear to be new, and are
herewith described and figured. The most remarkable feature in connection with this collection
is the predominance of immature forms. Doubtless the collector (Mr. Wild) who took them was
in quest of other fry, and secured just such specimens as came his way as the result of the shaking
or beating of bushes. I am indebted to Dr. R. Hamlyn-Harris, F.R.M.S., &c., Director of the
Queensland Museum, for the privilege of working out this collection.

Fam. ULOBORIDA.
Genus ULOBORUS, Latr.

ULOBORUS VARIABILIS, Keys?
An immature example. .A common species, both in Queensland and N. S. Wales.

Fam. DRASSIDÆ.
SupramM. HEMICLŒNILÆ.
Genus HEMICLŒA, Thor.
HEMICLŒA SUNDEVALLI, Thor.
Also immature. Common in N. 8. Wales and Queensland.
HEMICLŒA LIMBATA, L. Koch.

Same range as foregoing.
SupramM. DRASSODINÆ.
GEeNus ECHEMUS, Simon.
ECHEMUS? GRISEUS, L. Koch = Drassus griseus, L. Koch.

Some doubt exists as to whether this species, which was vaguely recorded by its author
from “‘ Neuholland,” should be included in Simon’s genus Echemus, or whether it should, with
E.? dilutus, L. Koch, be assigned to a new genus. Walckener’s old genus Drassus was sunk by
Simon as a synonym of Gnaphosa, Latr., the latter enjoying priority by one year. (See Simon’s
Hist. Nat. des Araignées, vol. 1., p. 367 (footnote) ; also, op. cit., p. 383, for synonymy.) The
species D. ochropus, L. Koch, noted by Simon in the footnote referred to above as an Australian
species, is a New Zealand form.

ARANEIDH FROM THE BLACKALL RANGES.—RAINBOW. 191
Fam. ZODARIIDA.
Supram. CRYPTOTHELIN.
Genus CRYPTOTHELE, L. Koch.

CRYPTOTHELE DOREYANA, Simon.

The author of this species, in his Hist. Nat. des Araignées, vol. 1., p. 423, defines the range
of Cryptothele as—** Ins. Seychelle (Alluaudi, E. Sim.); ins. Taprobane; penins. Malayana ;
Nova-Guinea; ins. Latronum (Marchet, E. Sim.) ; ins. Viti et Samoa.” The New Guinea form
is C. doreyana. In 1904, in Rec. Aust. Mus., vol. v., No. 5, p. 322, I recorded this species from
Fitzroy Island, N. Queensland. Among the spiders from the Blackall Ranges submitted to me,
there is one immature specimen. This species, C. doreyana, was originally recorded from Dorey,
New Guinea, but it has since been collected, not only on more or less fertile islands in the Great
Barrier Reef (Palm Island, for example), but also, as already quoted, from Fitzroy Island, off
the Queensland coast. It is only reasonable, therefore, to expect its occurrence on the mainland.

SUBFAM. ZODARIINA.

Genus STORENA, Walek. = Habronestes, L. Koch.

Up to the present time twenty-four species of Storena have been recorded as occurring in
Australia. Of these one (S. flavipedes, Urquh.) appears to be exclusively Tasmanian. To this
list must now be added another species from the Blackall Ranges, and for which I propose the
name S. variepes, in reference to the colouration of the animal's legs.

In speaking of this genus, Simon says :—

_ “Te genre Storena est l'un des plus polymorphes qui existe; le groupement des yeux
y varie, dans d’assez larges limites, d’éspéce a èspèce, sans que ces différences soient corroborées
par d’autres caractères ; les quatre yeux du second rang (médians antérieurs et latéraux pos-
terieurs) sont en ligne droite chez les S. formosa Th., spirafera, annulipes, Graffei L. Koch, Polli
E. Sim., en ligne plus ou courbée en avant (recurva) chez S. braccata, picta, striatipes, scenica L.
Koch, islamita, senegalensis E. Sim.; elle est, au contraire, arquée en arriére, chez S. maculata
Cambridge.” (Vide Simon’s Hist. Nat. des Araignées, vol. 1., 1892, p. 427.)

Again, op. cit., p. 429, in defining the relative lengths of legs of spiders in this genus, Simon
says :—‘‘ Pedes (IV, I, II, II, vel Iv, I, III, II, vel Iv, I1, II, 1) robusti.”

STORENA STRIATIPES, L. Koch.

Several specimens of this variable species were collected. &S. striatipes has been recorded
from Queensland, N. S. Wales, and Victoria.

192 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

STORENA VARIEPES, sp. nov.
(Figs. 1, 2.)

Ọ Cephalothorax, 3'2 mm. long, 2 mm. broad ; abdomen, 3°8 mm. long, 2°3 mm. broad.

Cephalothorax.—Obovate, black, shining. Pars cephalica strongly arched, obtuse in front,
clothed with short hoary hairs. Clypeus broad, deep, and clothed with long, strong bristles.
Pars thoracica arched ; thoracic segmental groove distinct, radial grooves indistinct; median
groove or depression distinct ; a broad band of silvery hairs runs along each side of cephalothorax,
and terminates near posterior coxa; there are also present a few scattered hoary hairs over the
surface of the thoracic segment. Marginal band narrow.

Eyes.—Kight, distributed in two rows of four each; the posterior series are by far the
largest, and form a long and strongly procurved row ; of this row, the median pair are separated
from each other by a space equal to once their individual diameter, whilst each lateral eye is
separated from its median neighbour by a space equal to about three-fourths
its own diameter ; the anterior row of eyes covers a much smaller area than the
posterior, and is strongly recurved ; the median eyes are separated from each
other by a space equal to rather more than once their individual diameter, and

each lateral eye from its median neighbour by a space equal to about three-
fourths its own diameter; each posterior median eve is separated from its
anterior median neighbour by a space equal to fully twice the diameter of one of the former

Frc. 1.

eyes, while the posterior lateral eyes are each removed from their anterior lateral neighbours
by a space equal to rather more than the diameter of one of the latter. (Fig. 1.)

Legs.—Robust ; relative lengths: 4, 1, 2, 3. Of the first pair the coxæ are black ;
trochanters black for about one-third their length, thence yellow ; patellæ, tibiæ, metatarsi,
and tarsi yellow. Of the second pair the coxæ are black, the trochanters black on the under-
side and inner angle, whilst the upper side and outer angle are blackish-yellow ; patellæ, tibiæ,
metatarsi, and tarsi yellow. The third and fourth pairs are entirely black. All the legs are
clothed with grey hairs and armed with spines.

Palpi.—tLong, tapering, black, similar in colour and armature to legs.

Falces.—Slightly produced, strongly arched, black in front and on outer angles; inner
angles black, but yellowish at apex ; clothed with shortish hairs and long, strong bristles ; under-
side and fangs dark-yellow.

Maxille.—Yellowish, shining, convex ; upper surface and outer angles furnished with
long bristles ; inner angles thickly fringed with long, greyish hairs.

Labium.—Broader than long, arched, concolorous at apex, which is rounded off, dark at
base.

Sternum.—Shield-shaped, gently arched, almost black, clothed with grey hairs.

ARANEIDE FROM THE BLACKALL RANGES.—RAINBOW. 193

Abdomen.—Ovate, convex, slightly overhanging base of cephalothorax, black, ornamented
along each side with a series of five patches of silvery hairs ; ventral surface black, densely clothed
with grey hairs. .

Epigynum.—A slightly elevated protuberance with two deep
orifices separated from each other by an arched wall. (Fig. 2.)

Fie. 2.

Fam. THERIDITD.
Genus ARGYRODES, Simon.

From a generic standpoint the species constituting this genus are remarkably polymor-
phous ; so much so, indeed, that Simon (op. cit., p. 503) has divided the genus into three sections,
defining the limits of each. To the general and sectional diagnoses referred to, the student is
directed. The species described below is animmature ¢. Probably not more than one additional
moult was necessary for the animal to enter upon the adult stage.

ARGYRODES NIGRONODOSA, sp. nov.
(Figs. 3, 4.)

g Cephalothorax, 1-6 mm. long, 1'1 mm. wide; abdomen, 2'4 mm. long, 1:5 mm. broad.

Cephalothorax.—Ovate, attenuated in front, pale-yellow with rather dark median band
extending from the ocular area to the posterior extremity. Pars cephalica narrow, ascending.
Clypeus convex, but not produced. Pars thoracica arched; thoracic groove distinct, radial
grooves indistinct ; median depression distinct. Marginal band narrow, black.

Eyes.—Eight, of nearly equal size, the lateral pairs being somewhat the smaller, and
almost contiguous. They are disposed in two rows of four each. The posterior row is nearly
straight, while the anterior is strongly procurved. The median eyes of the posterior row are
separated from each other by a space equal to that of fully once their individual diameter, and
from their lateral neighbours by a space scarcely equal to that of half their individual diameter,
The median eyes of the anterior row are separated from each other, and again from their lateral
neighbours, by a space equal to about half their individual diameter.

Legs.—Long, slender, tapering, straw-yellow with dark-brown annulations, sparingly
clothed with long, fine, pale hairs, and armed with rather long, slender spines. [Note—Some
of the latter have apparently been rubbed off.] Relative lengths: 1, 2, 4, 3.

Palpi.Straw-yellow, moderately long, sparingly hairy. The specimen not being fully
matured, the genital bulb is not uncovered.

Maxille and Labium.—Normal ; pale-yellow.

Sternum.—Shield-shaped, arched, concolorous, shining.

194 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Abdomen.—Gibbous, somewhat trapeziform, posterior angle
much higher than anterior, overhanging base of cephalothorax,
pale-yellow, relieved by a series of prominent, shining, coal-black
nodules. (Figs. 3 and 4.)

Fie. 4.

GENUs THERIDION, Walck.

THERIDION TEPIDARIORUM, C. Koch.
A world-wide species.

Fam. ARGIOPIDÆ.
SUBFAM. LINYPHIINÆ.
Genus BATHYPHANTES, Menge.

BATHYPHANTES MONTANUS, sp. nov.
(Figs. 5, 6.)
Ọ Cephalothorax 1:9 mm. long, 1:7 mm. broad ; abdomen, 2'6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad.

Cephalothorax.—Obovate, yellowish, convex. Pars cephalica attenuated, arched, obtuse,
truncated, furnished with a few rather long, fine, pale hairs in ocular area. Clypews short, not
deep. Pars thoracica broad, rounded, arched ; thoracic and radial grooves distinct ; median
depression deep ; surface finely pilose. Marginal band narrow.

Eyes.—Kight, prominent, arranged in two rows. The two comprising the posterior row

are very large, and are separated from each other by a space equal to once their individual diameter,
and again from each outer lateral eye by rather more than once their individual

GO diameter ; lateral eyes contiguous, the outer ones being distinctly larger than

L J the inner; the median anterior eyes are the smallest of the group, and are
separated from each other by a space equal to twice their individual diameter ;

each inner lateral eye is separated from its median anterior neighbour by rather

Fig. 5.

more than once the individual diameter of the latter. (Fig. 5.)

Legs.—Long, slender, tapering, yellow, with dark-brown spots and annulations, clothed with
fine hairs, and strongly spined. [Note : These limbs are more or less broken, so that it is impossible
to quote their relative lengths. |

Palpi.—Short, pale-yellow, similar in clothing and armature to legs.
Falices Conical, yellow, arched, pubescent.

Mazxille.—Short, broad, arched, apices divergent, pale-yellow, inner angles fringed with
short pale hairs.

Labiwm.—Concolorous, short, broad, arched, rounded off at apex.

Sternum.—Coniform, concolorous also, gently arched, pubescent.

ARANEIDA FROM THE BLACKALL RANGES.—RAINBOW. 195

Abdomen.—Oval, strongly arched, overhanging base of cephalothorax, yellow, with a faintly
discernible leaf-like design on dorsal surface, pubescent.

Epigynum.—A slightly elevated transverse plaque with overhanging lip.
(Fig. 6.)

Supram. TETRAGNATHIN A.
Genus TETRAGNATHA, Latr.
TETRAGNATHA RUBRIVENTRIS, Doi. = T. lupata, L. Koch.

Originally recorded from the island of Amboina, under the generic name Hugnatha, which
latter has been sunk as a synonym. Koch’s specimens were recorded from Port Mackay and
Bowen.

TETRAGNATHA NITENS, Aud. in Sav. -

This species occurs in Queensland and N. S. Wales ; it has also been recorded from Corsica,
Egypt, and Mauritius.

Genus LEUCAUGE, White.

LEUCAUGE CELEBESIANA, Walck.
For synonymy of this widely distributed species see my ‘‘ Census of Australian Araneide,”’
Rec. Aust. Mus., vol. 1x., No. 2, p. 170. For a long time this species has been recorded as Argy-
ræpeira celebesiana, but F. O. P. Cambridge has shown in Biol. Centr. Amer., Ar., 1., 1896, p. 184,
and again in An. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. x1., ser. 7, 1902, p. 16, that Emerton’s genus (Argyrapeira)
is a synonym of White’s Leucauge, which was founded in 1841. L. celebesiana occurs in N.S. Wales,
Queensland, Papua, Malaysia, India, and Ceylon.

SuspramM. ARGIOPIN A.
Genus ARGIOPE, Aud. in Sav.

ARGIOPE ZTHEREA, Walck. = A. regalis, L. Koch, and A. variabilis, Bradley.
One of our most beautiful spiders. Around Sydney it is known as “‘ the St. Andrew Cross

Spider,” on account of the large white x or stabilimentum it constructs at the centre of its web.
The species occurs in Malaysia, Papua, Torres Strait, Queensland, N. S. Wales, and Victoria.

Genus ARANEUS, Clerck.

Simon has gone very extensively into the question of the classification of this ubiquitous
genus, and to his “ Histoire Naturelle des Araignées,” vol. 1., 1892 [1895], p. 798 et seg., the student
is directed. Of this genus the material from the Blackall Ranges is very meagre. consisting,
as it does, of an immature form of what is, in all probability, Araneus heroine, L. Koch, and
two other species which are apparently new. These latter are herewith described.

196 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

ARANEUS HEROINE, L. Koch?
An immature example. This species occurs both in Queensland and N. S. Wales.

ARANEUS NOTANDUS, sp. nov.
(Figs. 7, 8, 9.)
Q Cephalothorax, 3:4 mm. long, 1:9 mm. broad ; abdomen, 5:2 mm. long, 318 mm. broad.

Cephalothorax obovate, yellow, with a dark median band running from the central group
of eyes to posterior angle of thoracic segment ; the band is broadest near the middle of the cephalic
segment, and is also darkest laterally. Pars cephalica is strongly arched, ascending from base to
about midway from junction of thoracic segment, and then gently descending to margin of clypeus ;
a short, narrow, dark, lateral stripe runs backwards from each pair of lateral eyes, but does not
reach segmental groove ; the surface is clothed with fine, short, pale hairs, which latter are longest
within the ocular area. Clypeus short, broad, sloping inwards. Pars thoracica arched, pubescent,
normal grooves and median depression distinct. Marginal band narrow, dark-brown.

Eyes.—Normal.

Legs.—Coxe pale-yellow ; femora pale-yellow also, but darker at junction of patella ;.
tibiæ pale-yellow, annulated at middle and lower extremities with dark-brown ; metatarsi and.
tarsi yellow ; all the legs are armed with long, fine spines and clothed with short, dark hairs,
which latter impart to the lower joints a rather darkish hue. Relative lengths: 1, 2, 4, 3.

Palpi.—Short, similar in colour and armature to legs.

Falees.—Shining, obscure yellow, clothed with a few fine hairs, arched in front, apices:
divergent.

Mazxille.—Short, broad, moderately arched, dark-brown, inner angles pale-yellow.

Labium.—Short, broad, arched, the base dark-brown, apex pale-yellow.

Sternum.—Shield-shaped, gently arched, dark-brown with a somewhat diamond-shaped!
yellow patch at middle.

Abdomen.—Oval, strongly arched, boldly projecting over base of cephalothorax ; dorsal
surface pitchy black, with a broad, pale-yellowish, irregularly shaped design running the entire-
length ; laterally the colour is also pitchy black with interrupted yellow markings (Figs. 7 and 8) ;
ventral surface pitchy black.

Fig. 8. Fie. 9.

Epigynum.—A short, broad, gently arched process, with bluntly acuminated apex.
(Fig. 9.)

ARANEIDH FROM THE BLACKALL RANGES.—RAINBOW. 197

ARANEUS TRANSVERSUS, sp. nov.
(Figs 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.)
@ Cephalothorax, 2:1 mm. long, 1'7 mm. broad; abdomen, 4:1 mm. long,
38 mm. broad. (Fig. 10.)

Cephalothorax.—Ovate, yellow, with dark-brown markings. Pars cephalica
narrow, segmental groove distinct ; a few pale hairs within the ocular area. Clypeus
narrow, sloping inwards. Pars thoracica arched, normal grooves and median
depression distinct. Marginal band narrow, pale-yellow.

Eyes.—Prominent, surrounded by broad black rings, which latter make the visual organs
appear larger than they really are. Distribution normal.

Legs.—Strong, yellow, with dark-brown annulations. Coxe of first pair dark-brown, all
the others pale-yellow ; each ambulatory limb clothed with long black hairs and armed with
long, strong, concolorous spines.. Relative lengths: 1, 2, 4, 3.

Palpi.—Pale-yellow, similar in clothing and armature to legs.

Falces.—Concolorous, arched, apices divergent.

Mazxilie.—Broad, gently arched, pale-yellow-

Labium.—Broad, rounded off at apex, concolorous.

Sternum.—Shield-shaped, gently arched, dark-brown with yellow tubercles or nodes at
junction of first, second, and third pairs of legs ; there is also a rather broad yellow band running
down the centre, which latter is widest at the middle and narrowest at posterior extremity.

Abdomen.—Broadly ovate, projecting over base of cephalothorax, clothed with short, pale,
down-like pubescence, yellowish grey, finely reticulated, ornamented with wavy, transverse,
dark-brown lines and minute concolorous spots; at apical extremity there is a
large and distinctive patch of dark-brown, somewhat leaf-like in design (Fig. 11) ;
this patch is darkest at its outer angles and is further ornamented by a median
scheme of delicate tracery, and large, lateral, dark-brown spots ;

ventral surface yellowish-grey also, relieved by a dark median
area, which latter is darkest at the outer angles, and has within its zone a series
of seven dark-brown spots arranged in the order of 2, 2, 2, 1; it is also flanked
on each side with patches of pale-yellow. (Fig. 12.)

Fie. 12.

Epigynum.—A slightly elevated plaque with two large lateral pits.
(Fig. 13.)

g Cephalothorax, 1 mm. long, 0'8 mm. broad ; abdomen, 1 mm. long, 0°9 mm. broad.

Cephalothorax.—Obovate, pale-yellow. Pars cephalica arched, attenuated in front, seg-
mental groove distinct. Clypeus narrow, sloping inwards. Pars thoracica broad, arched, normal
grooves and median depression distinct, Marginal band narrow.

198 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

EHyes.—Large, dark, prominent; distribution normal.
Legs.—Yellow, long, tapering, clothed with long, fine, black hairs, and armed with long
black spines. Relative lengths: 1, 2, 4, 3.

Palpi.—Pale-yellow, clothed with long concolorous hairs and bristles ;
genital bulb reddish brown, whorled, and complicated. (Fig. 14.)

Falces.—Pale-yellowish also, arched, hairy, apices divergent.

Mazille and Labiwm.—Concolorous, normal.

Sternum.—Shield-shaped, gently arched, concolorous also. na ride

Abdomen.—Ovate, slightly overhanging base of cephalothorax, pale, yellow, hairy.

GENus CELAENIA, Thor.

CELZENIA EXCAVATA, L. Koch.

Commonly distributed through Queensland, N.S. Wales, Victoria, 8. Australia, and
Tasmania.

Fam. THOMISID.
SupraMm. MISUMENINA.

Genus CYMBACHA, L. Koch.
CYMBACHA OCELLATA, L. Koch.

This is another immature form, but the species is so distinctive that it is not possible to
mistake it. Of the genus Cymbacha seven species are known to Australian naturalists, and one
of these, C. similis, occurs not only on the mainland but also in Tasmania. Cymbacha was for
many years regarded as an Australian genus, but in 1895 Simon described a species (C. simpler)
from Ceylon (op. ctt., vol. I1., p. 1010, footnote).

Genus THARPYNA, L. Koch.

THARPYNA VENUSTA, L. Koch.

Originally recorded from Sydney ; to this locality must now be added the Blackall Ranges
of Queensland. Doubtless specimens will ultimately be collected all along the Eastern seaboard.
of Australia. As the genus Tharpyna has been recorded as occurring in Java as well as Australia,
it is only reasonable to assume that in all probability it occurs in New Guinea as well. Unfortu-
nately the ARANEID# is a somewhat neglected group, comparatively few naturalists or
collectors having paid any attention to them. And yet, notwithstanding this, spiders play a
very important part in the economy of nature, rendering invaluable services to man. When
these animals shall have been as systematically collected and worked out as the COLEOPTERA
have been, many curious and at present mystifying facts in respect of range and other important
questions will be cleared up. The genus Tharpyna also occurs in New Zealand.

ARANEIDH FROM THE BLACKALL RANGES.—RAINBOW. 199

GENUS DIÆA, Thor.

DIÆA ADUSTA, L. Koch.
An immature example.

DIÆA PUNCTATA, L. Koch.
This specimen is also immature.

DIÆA TENUIS, L. Koch.
Of the three species here recorded, the first has, so far as we know, only been found in

Queensland ; the second and third, on the other hand, are known from both Queensland and
N. S. Wales. The genus Diæa has a world-wide distribution.

SUBFAM. STEPHANOPSINÆ.

GENus STEPHANOPSIS, O. P. Cambr.

STEPHANOPSIS ALTIFRONS, O. F. Cambr.
Immature. Widely distributed, occurring in Queensland, N. S. Wales, Victoria, and
South Australia.
Fam. CLUBIONIDÆ.

SuspramM. SELENOPINÆ.
Genus SELENOPS, Latr.

SELENOPS AUSTRALIENSIS, L. Koch.
This is the only species of its genus known to occur in Australia. It has been found both

in East and West Australia.
SuspramM. SPARASSINA.

Genus ISOPEDA, L. Koch.
ISOPEDA VASTA, L. Koch.

This species is a Queensland form, and is the type of its genus.

Genus OLIOS, Walck.

OLIOS SALACIUS, L. Koch.
This is the Heteropoda salacius of L. Koch, and the Neosparassus salacius of Hogg.
Twenty-one species of Olios have been recorded as occurring in Australia, and most of them
are known to inhabit Queensland. The example herein recorded is an immature specimen.

OLIOS DIANA, L. Koch. |
Immature. Previously recorded from Victoria, S. Australia, and W. Australia ; now known
to occur in N. S. Wales and Queensland.

200 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.
SUBFAM. CLUBIONIDA.
Genus CLUBIONA, Latr.

CLUBIONA NOTABILIS, L. Kock.

Previously recorded from Port Mackay, N. Queensland.

Fam. AGELENIDÆ.
io re Our SuBpFramM. NICODAMIN i.
Pp HAGE BE O97 as NICODAMUS, Simon.

NICODAMUS BICOLOR, L. Koch.

A widely distributed species occurring in Southern New Guinea, Australia generally, and
Tasmania.

Fam. PISAURIDÆ.

Genus DOLOMEDES, Latr.
DOLOMEDES FACETUS, L. Koch.

Immature. Widely distributed throughout Australia ; it also occurs in New Zealand and
the Island of Upolu. :
DOLOMEDES TRUX, Lamb ?

Immature ¢ and Q specimens of what I believe to be D. trux were included in the collec-
tion. It is remarkable that Lamb makes no mention of the epigynum in his paper, as the type,
seeing that it is recorded as being 29 mm. long, must have represented a matured specimen.*

Fam. LYCOSIDA,
Genus LYCOSA, Latr.
LYCOSA GODEFFROYI, L. Koch.

Immature. This species ranges through Queensland, N.S. Wales, and Victoria.

Fam. OXYOPIDA.
GENus OXYOPES, Latr.

OXYOPES MOLARIUS, L. Koch?

Immature. The examples collected were all immature, and while some of the most
advanced point to O. molarius, there were others far too young for anything beyond generic
determination.

' “* Since the above was written Mr. Rainbow has had an opportunity of examining the type. See Note on Dolomedes trux
Lamb, page 197.—THE EDITOR.

ARANEIDE FROM THE BLACKALL RANGES.:—RAINBOW. 201

Fam. SALTICID.
Genus ASTIA, L. Koch.
ASTIA HARIOLA, L. Koch ?

‘An immature example. The range of this species is Queensland and N. S. Wales. 3

zi Genus BAVIA, Simon. |

. BAVIA LUDICRA, Keys.
Previously recorded from Rockhampton.

Genus MENEMERUS, Simon.

MENEMERUS ACUMINATUS, sp. nov.
(Figs. 15, 16.)

Ọ Cephalothorax, 3°4 mm. long, 2'3 mm. broad; abdomen (not including spinnerets),
4°3 mm. long, 2:3 mm. broad.

Cephalothorax.—Almost elliptical, rather flat, black, shining, clothed with tawny-grey
hairs amongst which are interspersed in the ocular area a few long black bristles. Pars cephalica
ascending from base to region of posterior eyes, and from thence sloping gently forward ; the
surface is somewhat uneven, and has lateral elevations or ridges between the rear and median
eyes, and again between the latter and anterior lateral eyes ; sides declivous, compressed. Clypeus
broad, curved, deep, clothed with tawny hairs. Pars thoracica rather flat at summit, depressed
near junction of cephalic and thoracic segments; radial grooves distinct, sloping abruptly to
anterior angle, which latter is truncated ; sides curving gently outwards from the front to about
the middle, and from thence more sharply inwards to posterior angle. Marginal band broad,
white. .

Eyes.—Arranged.in three groups of 2, 2, and 4 respectively ; the posterior eyes are seated
at the lateral angles, and are each separated by a space equal to once their individual diameter
from their median neighbours, which latter are minute, and are much the smallest of the series ;
the anterior row of eyes is procurved ; of these the median pair are much the largest of the entire
group, and the median lateral eyes, in their turn, are somewhat larger than those of the posterior
pair. |
Legs —Short, sturdy, shining black, thickly clothed with long, tawny-grey hairs, and armed
with long, fine spines. Relative lengths: 4, 1-2, 3.

Palpi—Short, not strong, similar in colour and armature to legs.
Falces.—Black, shining, short, strongly arched, nearly vertical, sparingly hairy.

Mazille.—Black, arched, shining, inner angles sparingly clothed with fine hairs, outer
angles furnished with long, strong bristles. |

202 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

Labium.—Concolorous, coniform.

Sternum.—Concolorous also, elongate, arched, rather broadest near apical
extremity, clothed with long, hoary hairs.

Petiole——Short, stout, pale.

Abdomen.—Oblong-ovate, not overhanging base of cephalothorax, arched,
apex acuminate, dorsal surface densely clothed with tawny-grey hairs (these
appear to be hoary in alcohol), and surrounded by a broad, dense girdle of black
hairs; sides densely clothed with grey hairs ; ventral surface thickly clothed Fia. 15.
with ashy-grey pile. (Fig. 15.)

Spinnerets.—Projecting, long, black, clothed with long, grey hairs.

Epigynum.—A prominent, arched, transverse plaque, with large lateral
pits, and clothed with long, hoary hairs. (Fig. 16.)

Genus CLYNOTIS, Simon.

CLYNOTIS SEVERUS, L. Koch.
Vaguely recorded by L. Koch from Australia.

Genus PYSTIRA, Simon.
PYSTIRA ORBICULATA, L. Kock.

This species occurs both in Queensland and N. S. Wales.

Genus SERVA#A, Simon.
SERVÆA VESTITA, L. Koch.

Immature. This, the type species of the genus, is very common both in E. Australia and
Tasmania.

Genus OPISTHONCUS, L. Koch.

OPISTHONCUS ALBORUFESCENS, L. Koch.
Identical in range to the above.

OPISTHONCUS MORDAX, L. Koch.
Originally recorded from Sydney, N. 8. Wales.

OPISTHONCUS POLYPHEMUS, L. Koch.

Male and female examples of this species were collected. O. polyphemus occurs in N. S.
Wales, Queensland, and New Guinea.

SOME ARANEIDZE FROM THE ROPER RIVER.—RAINBOW. 203

SOME ARANEIDAZ FROM THE ROPER RIVER,
NORTHERN TERRITORY.

By W. J- RAINBOW AELS, (ES,

Entomologist. to the Australian Museum, Sydney.

(Figs. l, 2, 3.)

To the Director, Dr. R. Hamlyn-Harris, I am indebted for the opportunity of examining a small
collection of ARANEIDÆ from the Roper River, N.T. These specimens were collected by Mr. M.
J. Coleclough for the Queensland Museum. The collection contains about two dozen species,
two of which are described as new. Of these I have pleasure in dedicating one (Dica colcloughi)
in honour of the collector. As already remarked, the collection isa small one. Thisis hardly to
be wondered at, seeing that the ARANEID is a somewhat neglected branch of our fauna. The
jungle of tropical Queensland, and that vast area comprising the Northern Territory, must,
nevertheless, contain many interesting forms at present unknown to science. In a young
country such as this the COLEOPTERA and LEPIDOPTERA are naturally among the first of the
terrestrial invertebrates to attract attention; but as time advances, and as the two great
orders become better known and worked, the ARANEIDZ will undoubtedly receive that study
its importance merits.

Fam. DRASSIDÆ.
Supram. HEMICLGENIZE.
Genus HEMICL@A, Thor.

HEMICL@A SUNDEVALLI, Thor.

Both sexes of this species are represented, that of the female being immature. Previously
recorded from North Queensland to Sydney, N.S.W.

HEMICLŒA PLUMEA, L. Koch.

A female of this species is represented in this collection. Koch recorded this species from
Rockhampton ; in the Australian Museum (Sydney) there is a specimen from Bathurst, N.S.W.

HEMICLŒA LIMBATA, L. Koch.

This is an interesting find, since it extends our knowledge of the range of the species.
Koch recorded it originally from Sydney. Both sexes were collected.

204 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

SuBFAM. DRASSODIN Æ.
Genus DRASSODES, Westr.
DRASSODES (DRASSUS) INVENUSTUS, L. Koch?

The specimen is damaged, but I record it, tentatively, as invenustus. Should it prove to
be so, the known range of the species will be very much extended, since, up to the present, it
has only been known to me as a New South Wales form.

Fam. ZODARIIDA.
Susram. ZODARIINA.
Genus STORENA, Walck.
STORENA FORMOSA, Thor.

4

There can be little doubt that the specimen under reference is the species here quoted.
Unfortunately, it is immature. It was captured when about to cast its skin, so that the colour
scheme is barely perceptible through the loose integument. Koch recorded S. formosa, vaguely,
from “ Neuholland’”’; nevertheless, it is widely distributed, examples having been obtained
from various localities in Queensland, N.S. Wales, Victoria, and Central Australia.

Fam. PHOLCIDA.
Suspram. PHOLCINZ.

GENus PSILOCHORUS, Simon.
PSILOCHORUS SPHZIROIDES, L. Koch.

Rockhampton, North Queensland, was the original locality from which this species was

recorded.

Fam. THERIDITIDA.
GENUs LATRODECTUS, Walck.

LATRODECTUS HASSELTII, Thor.
Commonly found throughout Australia, New Zealand, South Pacific Islands, India,

Malaysia, Papua, and Eastern Australia. This is the well-known *‘ Katipo” of New Zealand.
Fam. ARGIOPIDA.
SupramM. ARGIOPIN A.
Genus ARGIOPE, Aud. in Sav.

ARGIOPE ZMULA, Walck. Segs
Distributed throughout Malaysia, Papua, Queensland Felix, and N. S.:Wales Felix.

SOME ARANEIDA! FROM THE ROPER RIVER.—RAINBOW. 205
Genus ARANEUS, Clerck.

ARANEUS BRISBANZA, L. Koch.

An immature example. The species occurs in Queensland, N.S. Wales, and New Zealand.

Fam. THOMISIDA.
Suspram. MISUMENIN Æ.
Genus DIÆA, Thor.

DIZA COLCLOUGHI, sp. nov.
(Figs. 1, 2.)

Ọ Cephalothorax, 5°5 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; abdomen, 6&1 mm. long, 8 mm. broad.

Cephalothorax.—Longer than broad, strongly arched, truncated in front, yellow-brown
with pale-yellowish markings in the ocular area and on the clypeus. Ocular area very much
wider than long, angular, lateral angles acute. Pars cephalica broad, arched, compressed laterally,
sides declivous, surface finely and sparingly granulated. Pars thoracica broad, strongly arched,
sides and posterior angles declivous, surface finely granulated, radial grooves faintly indicated.
Clypeus broad, deep. Marginal band narrow.

Eyes.—Eight, small, black, arranged in two rows of four each; the posterior row is con-
siderably the widest, and forms a slightly procurved line, while the
anterior row is strongly recurved. The eyes of the posterior row are very
widely separated from each other ; in respect of these the dividing space
is much the greatest between the median pair; posterior lateral eyes
seated at rear of angular projections; of the anterior row the median
eyes are decidedly the smallest, and, although widely separated, are

much the closest together of the entire series ; front lateral eyes decidedly Fig. 1.
the largest. (Fig. 1.)

Legs.—Shining, yellow-brown ; outer angle of femur of first pair pale-yellow; the lower
angle of femora of first and second pairs have each a broken transverse band of pale-yellow ;
the other segments of the first and second pairs are relieved by irregular patches and broken
transverse bands of pale-yellow; the third and fourth pairs have no pale-yellow markings ;
each ambulatory limb is finely pubescent ; tibize and metatarsi of first and second pairs armed
on the underside with a double row of dark, strong spines ; tarsal claws black. Relative lengths :
1= 2, 4, 3.

Palpi.—Short, yellow-brown with pale-yellow markings, hairy, furnished with a few
rather long, fine spines or stout bristles.

206 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.
Falces.—Yellow-brown with large, irregular, pale-yellow patches, short, arched.
Mazille.—Yellow-brown, long, narrow, arched, apices inclining inwards.
Labium.—Concolorous, long, coniform.

Sternum.—Concolorous also, shield-shaped, truncated in front, very slightly arched,
smooth, sparingly hairy.

Abdomen.—Somewhat pentagonal, slightly overhanging base of
cephalothorax, strongly arched, broadest beyond the middle where there
is on the outer angle at each side a small coniform projection ; this latter
directed outwards ; pale-yellow, dorsal surface with four small yellow-
brown spots, of which the anterior pair are the smallest and closest
together ; laterally the surface is ornamented by numerous fine, irregu-
lar, lateral, thread-like lines, suggestive of delicate tracery; these latter
are continued to the ventral surface, and some terminate near the
spinnerets. (Fig. 2.)

Epigynum.—A simple, slightly arched, transverse plaque, with a deep, broad, median
pit, having a curved, overhanging lip.

Fam. CLUBIONIDA.
SUBFAM. SPARASSINL.

Genus DELENA, Walck.

DELENA CANCERIDES, Walck.

The collection includes an immature ¢ of this species, the range of which embraces the
mainland of Australia and the island of Tasmania.

Genus OLIOS, Walck.

OLIOS SALACIUS, L. Koch.
Represented by both mature and immature forms. Previously recorded range, Queens-

land to N. S. Wales.

OLIOS DIANA, L. Koch ?

_ An immature 9 of what I take to be this species, the previously known geographical range
of which was Victoria, South and Western Australia.

OLIOS HZMORRHOIDALIS, L. Koch ?

Another immature example, the previously known habitat of which was N. S. Wales.

SOME ARANEIDZ FROM THE ROPER RIVER.—RAINBOW. 207

GENUS HETEROPODA, Latr.
HETEROPODA VENATORIA, Linn.

Commonly known as the “ House Spider” of the tropics. This species is very common on
the mainland of Australia. Originally it came from India, from whence it spread by “ balloon-
ing” to all those regions influenced by the N.E. and S.E. trade winds.

Suspram. CLUBIONINA.
Genus CLUBIONA, Latr.

CLUBIONA VACUNA, L. Koch.
A Northern form, originally recorded from Port Mackay.

CLUBIONA NOTABILIS, L. Koch.

Another Northern form, also first recorded from Port Mackay.

Fam. LYCOSIDÆ.
Genus LYCOSA, Latr.
LYCOSA GODEFFROYI, L. Koch.

A ĝ example differing merely in colour pattern from the typical form.

LYCOSA LÆTA, L. Koch.

An immature Q of this species, the range of which as previously defined was North Queens-
land and Central Australia.

LYCOSA OBSCURA, L. Koch.

A ĝ of this species was obtained. Its range as previously recorded was Queensland,
N. S. Wales, Victoria, and South Australia.

Fam. SALTICIDAL.
Genus ARASIA, Simon.
ARASIA MOLLICOMA, L. Koch.

An immature example of this species is included in this collection. It has been previously
recorded from Queensland and N. 8. Wales.

GENUS SAITIS, Simon.
SAITIS PISCULA, Keys ?
This is another immature example, and a ¢. The specimen certainly bears a close
superficial resemblance to Keyserling’s species, but as the genital bulb is not uncovered it is not
possible to speak with certainty.

208 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

GENUS OCRISIONA, Simon.

OCRISIONA COMPLANATA, L. Koch.

A widely distributed species. It is found in Queensland, Masthead Island (Great Barrier
Reef), N. S. Wales, and Noumea.

Genus CLYNOTIS, Simon.
CLYNOTIS VIDUUS, L. Koch.

Previously recorded from Queensland and N. S. Wales.

Genus MOLLICA, G. W. and E. G. Peckh.

MOLLICA JUCUNDA, sp. nov.
(Fig. 3.)

Ọ Cephalothorax, 3°4 mm. long, 2°8 mm. broad ; abdomen, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad.

Cephalothorax.—Glossy black with purple reflections when
viewed in certain lights and at certain angles, clothed with long hairs.
Pars cephalica high, compressed laterally, sloping forward, sides
declivous, hairs generally black, but there is at the rear of each
posterior eye a broad crescent-shaped band of hoary hairs. Pars
thoracica arched, normal grooves and indentations indistinct, sides
declivous, sloping abruptly to posterior angle. Clypeus deep, sloping
inwards. Marginal band narrow, pale-yellow, almost white. (Fig. 3.)

Hyes.—Eight, grouped in three series of 2, 2,4. Anterior row
of four strongly recurved, grouped closely together ; of this series the
median pair are decidedly the largest of the eight; the lateral eyes,
again, are rather larger than the posterior pair; the median eyes are,
as usual, small, and each is placed about midway between its anterior
lateral and posterior neighbours.

Fig. 3.

Legs.—Anterior pair rather long and extremely robust ; the second pair are robust also,
but less markedly than the first; third and fourth pairs slender and tapering. The first pair
has the coxa and femur yellow ; patella yellow at junction of femur, thence black ; tibia black ;
metatarsus yellow for about one-third its length, thence black; tarsus yellow, but black at
extremity. Of the second pair the coxa, femur, and patella are yellow; the tibia yellow for
about one-half its length, thence blackish. The third and fourth pairs are yellowish throughout.
All the ambulatory limbs are thickly clothed with long hairs, those on the black portions being
black, and the rest yellowish. Relative lengths: 1, 4, 2, 3.

Paly.—Short, strong, black, hairy.

SOME ARANEIDA FROM THE ROPER RIVER—RAINBOW. 209

Falces.—Strong, arched, apices divergent, black, thickly clothed with long, coarse hairs ;
except at the base and inner angles, where the hairs are hoary ; this hirsute clothing is black.

Mazxille.—Short, broad, arched, black, hairy.

Labium.—Coniform, arched, hairy, concolorous.

Sternum.—Concolorous also, shield-shaped, hairy.

Abdomen.—Ovate, arched, slightly projecting over base of cephalothorax, black; the
dorsal surface thickly clothed with coarse, rather long, black and hoary hairs ; these latter have

the effect of producing a somewhat conventional and striking design marked by patches and
transverse bands; the sides and ventral surface black and hairy.

Epigynum.—aA slightly arched, rather broad transverse plaque with two deep lateral
pits ; the surface is so densely clothed with long hairs that this organ is almost obscured, and
it is very difficult indeed to define its outline and structure.

Notre.—There were several examples of this handsome species, and these show that Mollica
jucunda is exceedingly variable, both in size and abdominal colour design. _ In some examples
there is scarcely a trace of any design dorsally, the surface appearing an almost uniform grey.

210 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

NOTE ON DOLOMEDES TRUX. Lamb.

By W. J7 Rampsow;’ F.Lis:, REE S,
Entomologist to the Australian Museum, Sydney.

(Figs. 1, 2, 3.)
In Annals of the Queensland Museum, No. 10, 1911, p. 173, Mr. J. Lamb described a new species
of Dolomedes under the above name. By courtesy of Dr. Hamlyn-Harris, I have had the privilege
of examining the type. The species is apparently a valid one, but a few details in amplification
of Lamb’s description appear essential. They are, together with figures, as follow :—

Cephalothorax.—Reddish-brown, but somewhat darkest over ocular area; median and
radial grooves distinct, dark-brown; sides somewhat paler than the upper portion. Marginal
band broad, pale yellowish (nearly white).

Abdomen.—In nature, slightly overhanging base of cephalothorax ; strongly arched above
and moderately so below; yellow-brown, mottled with darker brown markings on superior
surface ; these latter suggest, when the specimen is wet, a somewhat leaf-like design ; at rather
less than one-third its length from anterior extremity there are two small, but distinct, dark-
brown dorsal spots or impressions, and these are separated from each other by a space equal to
2mm.; near the middle there are two more somewhat smaller, though equally distinct, dark-
brown spots or impressions, and these are separated from each other by a space equal to 4 mm.

(Fig. 1.) Underside lighter in colour, with a distinctive median design. (Fig. 2.)

Rig. 3:

Epigynum.—Small, arched, deeply grooved both in front and laterally. (Fig. 3.)

NEW SPECIES OF CESTODES FROM AUSTRALIAN BIRDS.—JOHNSTON. 211

NEW SPECIES OF
CESTODES FROM AUSTRALIAN BIRDS.

By T. Harvey JOHNSTON; M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Biology Dept, University, Brisbane.

Hon. Zoologist, Queensland Museum.

DILEPIS BANCROFTI n. sp.
(Pl. 15, figs. 1-7.)
Tris parasite, which may measure 96 mm. in length and possess a maximum
breath of almost 3 mm., occurs fairly frequently in the rosella parrot, Platycercus
eximius Shaw, in New South Wales and Southern Queensland.

The scolex is a small pyriform organ, -146 mm. in diameter, and succeeded
directly by the segmented strobila. The suckers (-050 mm. in diameter) and
rostellum are small. Owing to the retracted condition of the latier in all
specimens examined, the characters of the hooks were not determined.

The proglottids are thin and flat; they overlap very slightly and do not
project prominently laterally. The genital pores open on the right-hand
margin of the strobila on the summit of a well-marked papilla in the anterior
half of each segment.

The cuticle is quite thin. Below it, the longitudinal musculature is
arranged in two series, an outer ring of very numerous small bundles or, rather,
fibres, and an inner ring of much larger bundles. Above and below the central
portion of the medulla, the bundles may be more closely massed together.
Both dorso-ventral and transverse fibres are weakly developed. In regard to
the excretory system, there are present dorsal and ventral canals as’ well as
commissural vessels between ventral trunks, but the dorsal tubes are very small
and lie directly above the wide ventral canals. The sex-ducts pass above both
excretory vessels and the longitudinal nerve, which is situated just laterally
from the ventral canal. The male duct lies parallel to and just above the
vagina, opening dorsally to the latter into the narrow common genital canal.

The testes consist of from sixty to seventy vesicles (about -025 mm. in
diameter), arranged in two layers, and lying laterally from the centrally
situated female complex. A few vesicles are present behind and above the

212 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

vitellarium. Some overlie the uterine branches and also some of the ovarioles.
The vas deferens is an uncoiled tube passing outwards almost in a straight line
to enter the cirrus sac. The latter is a pyriform structure nearly -2 mm. long and
-09 mm. broad at its inner end, which contains a small vesicula. The cirrus
appears to be short.

The ovary is a large organ, consisting of numerous ovarioles and situated
anteriorly in the mid-region of the segment. Behind it lies the irregularly
lobed vitellarium. Between the two is the shell-gland above which is part of
the receptaculum seminis. The vagina travels inwards from the female pore
which is just below the male aperture, a sphincter surrounding its outer end. Its
course is below and parallel to the male duct but above the excretory canals.
After passing over the latter, the lumen becomes somewhat widened and the
vagina rises dorsally above the ovary and the developing uterus. That portion
which overlies the ovary, the shell-gland, and part of the vitellarium, is much
wider and constitutes a receptaculum seminis. In the region of the shell-gland
it meets with the oviduct which travels postero-dorsally from the ovary, and also
the vitelline duct which passes forwards and upwards. The fertilising duct or,
rather, the narrow uterine duct, so formed, continues anteriorly below the
receptaculum but above the ovary as a sinuous tube. Just above the mid-region
of the female gland, it enters the transversely situated tubular uterus. Each
branch of the latter extends outwards and backwards between the ovarioles,
and curves downwards to pass below the testes, terminating near the posterior
angle of the segment, where it may overlie the excretory vessels. The single
tube soon develops cæca which become larger, so that ultimately the uterus
comes to consist of two much-branched tubes more or less filling the segment
with their ramifications. It thus has not quite the form typically met with in
species of Dilepis.

The species is named in honour of Dr. T. L. Bancroft, of Eidsvold,
Burnett River, who for several years past has rendered me assistance in collecting
material.

CHOANOTZENIA ZONIFERZ n. sp.
(Pl. 15, fig. 8.)

A few fragments of a small delicate cestode, probably belonging to the
genus Choanotenia, were taken from a black-breasted plover, Zonifer tricolor
Vicill., shot near Bathurst, N.S. Wales. Sexually mature segments are
trapezoidal (fig. 8) and possess a breadth of about -33 mm., while egg-bearing
proglottids are -8 mm. wide. The genital pores alternate fairly regularly, the
duets apparently passing between the excretory canals.

NEW SPECIES OF CESTODES FROM AUSTRALIAN BIRDS.—JOHNSTON. 213

The testes occupy a restricted zone behind the female glands and consist
of from twenty to twenty-five vesicles arranged in two or three layers. Some
partly overlie the ovarian wings. The vas deferens is thrown into coils above the
inner end of the cirrus sae. The latter is a tubular structure, about :15 mm.
long and -02 mm. wide.

The bilobed ovary is slightly displaced from the midline towards the pore-
bearing edge and its transversé axis is somewhat obliquely placed. The
triangular vitellarium lies just behind it, being overlapped anteriorly by part
of the large shell-gland. The female pore is situated just behind the male
aperture. Passing inwardly from it is the wide thin-walled sinuous vagina
which crosses above the ovary. The mature uterus is a sac-like structure occupy-
ing the posterior portion of the segment. Ripe eggs measure -045 mm. in
diameter, the oncosphere being about -019 mm.

CHOANOTZINIA TAYLORI 0». sp.
(Pl. 16, figs. 9, 10.)

Length about 30 mm.; maximum breadth -8 mm. From the intestine of
a blue wren, Malurus cyanochlamys Sharpe, collected by Dr. J. B. Cleland near
Adelaide, South Australia.

The specimens are poorly preserved, and sections have not been of much
use. The scolex is relatively small (-13 mm. broad), and bears prominent
suckers (-045 mm. in diameter) and rostellum. Hooks had fallen away from the
specimens. The genital pores alternate fairly regularly, the sex-ducts passing
above the ventral vessel and nerve. Transverse vessels are present but dorsal
canals were not recognised. ;

There are about twenty testicular vesicles, -04 mm. in diameter, arranged
in a group behind the female complex. The vas deferens forms a coiled mass
overlying the inner end of the cirrus sac, which is a pyriform organ -013 mm.
long and -04 mm. in maximum width, containing a spiny cirrus, -080 mm.
long when everted. |

Each lobe of the ovary is irregularly branched. The large vitellarium
lies behind it. The narrow vagina lies just behind, and parallel to, the cirrus
sac, but bends backwardly to pass above the middle of the ovary. The mature
uterus is suggestive of that occurring in Monopylidium and in certain species
of Choanotema. Eggs measure about -038 mm. in diameter, the contained
oncosphere being -019 mm. in diameter and the hooklets -013 mm. long.

The species is named after my friend Mr. F. H. Taylor, Entomologist to
the Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine, Townsville, who has at various
times assisted me by collecting entozoa.

214 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

ZOSTEROPICOLA CLELANDI n. gen., n. s.p.
(PL. 16, figs. 11-15.)

Length 40 mm. ; greatest breadth 0'6 mm.

This parasite infests the common silver-eye, Zosterops cerulescens Lath.,
specimens having been collected by Dr. J. B. Cleland, Mr. J. O. Heinrich, and
myself at various times, in the neighbourhood of Sydney.

The scolex is a relatively large rounded organ, -35 mm. broad, with four
suckers measuring :13 mm. in diameter, and a small retractile rostellum bearing
a single row of fairly long stout hooks whose characters were not determined.
There is a gradual narrowing to form an unsegmented neck region beyond
which are numerous narrow segments. Further back the proglottids become
more trapezoidal, the posterior margins projecting prominently (fig. 13). It is
in the narrow segments that male maturity is reached (fig. 12). Genital pores
alternate fairly regularly and lie in the anterior half of each proglottis. The
sex-ducts pass below the nerve and both excretory canals.

The longitudinal musculature consists of two concentric series, each
composed of numerous bundles, those of the outer ring being smaller than those
of the inner. A well-defined interval separates the two groups. Delicate
transverse and dorso-ventral fibres are recognisable. Lying above and inwardly
from each ventral excretory vessel is a small dorsal tube, while the transverse
or commissural canal extends between the ventral vessels in the form of an arch.
The main longitudinal nerve is situated laterally from each ventral canal.

The male organs consist of usually five vesicles, rarely four or six, placed
in a line and occupying a dorsal position in the middle of the segment. One
of the testes may be at a lower level than the remainder. They measure about
-02 mm. in diameter. The male duct travels ventrally, becoming thrown into
coils in the neighbourhood of and also within the cirrus sac. The latter is a
small organ -065 mm. long and -02 mm. wide at its inner end, terminating in a
short genital cloaca. As already mentioned, both the male and female’ ducts
pass below the excretory canals and nerve.

The female complex is difficult to interpret. It approaches the pore-
bearing edge and appears as an elongate mass below the testes. The individual
organs—ovary, vitellarium, shell-gland—were not distinguished. The vagina,
which opens beside and just behind the male aperture, travels inwards becoming
slightly swollen to form a receptaculum seminis lying ventrally and anteriorly
to the uterus in ripening segments. In the mid-region of ripe proglottids and
those approaching maturity is a mass of modified tissue continuous with, but
distinet from, the uterus. It is in this paruterine organ, in the posterior segments,
that the eggs come to lie. It does not possess a definite cavity. The uterus is a
simple, rounded, well-defined sac lying postero-ventrally to it. Eggs measure
-04 mm. by -030 mm., the embryo possessing a diameter of -021 mm.

PLATE 15. AUSTRALIAN CESTODES

: pies
TAT del ` gor A UY,

Fic, 1-7.—Dilepis bancrofti Johnston.
Fic. 8.—Choanoteenia zonifercee Johnston,
Face page 215.

PLATE 16, AUSTRALIAN CESTODES.

See ea A E E
Ho aon
mabe a = TPO TESA
mE i

a

Fic. 9, 10.—Choanotenia taylori Johnston.
Fie. 11-15.—Zosteropicola clelandi Johnston.
Face page 215.

TH. JT del

NEW SPECIES OF CESTODES FROM AUSTRALIAN BIRDS.—JOHNSTON. 215

.. This species, with which I associate the name of my former colleague,
Dr. J. B. Cleland, of Sydney, possesses characters which appear to me to be
of generic importanee, consequently a new genus Zosteropicola is erected to
receive it. The provisional characters may be summarised thus :—

Seolex armed with single circlet of hooks; genitalia alternating more or
less regularly ; testes few (about five), and arranged in a line transversely ; genital
ducts passing below the excretory vessels and the longitudinal nerve; paruterine
organ present. Family Hymenolepidide; subfamily Paruterinine.

This genus les very near Anonchotenia Cohn, but differs from it in
the arrangement of the testes and also in the possessing of hooks on the scolex.

Type: Z. clelands Jnstn.

Host: Zosterops cerulescens Lath.

The types of all the above species have been deposited in the collection
of the Queensland Museum, Brisbane; their registered numbers being—Dilepis
bancrofti, G 12/114; Chosznotenia zonifere, G 12/112; C. taylori, G 12/111; and
Zosteropicola clelandi, G 12/113.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
PLATE 15.
Fig. DILEPIS BANCROFTI.
1. Scolex,
2, 4. Sexually mature segments (dorsal).
Ditto, (ventral). à
5. Transverse section of segment.

a

6. Ditto, showing vitellarium.
7. Ditto, showing shell-gland.

CHOANOTANIA ZONIFERZ.
8. Segments showing anatomy (dorsal).
PLATE 16.
CHOANOTZNIA TAYLORI.
9. Scolex.

10. Segment.

ZOSTEROPICOLA CLELANDI.
11. Scolex.

12. Segments showing male and female genitalia (dorsal).
13. Segments showing uterus, etc.

14. Transverse section of segment.

15. Longitudinal hofizontal section of segments.

Explanation of Lettering.—c., cirrus; ¢.8., cirrus sac ; cu., cuticle; d.s., dorsal surface ;
d.v., dorsal vessel; d.v.m., dorso-ventral muscle fibres; e., eggs; g.c. genital cloaca; g.p.,
genital pore; lm. 1., Lm. 2., longitudinal musculature ; n., longitudinal nerve; o.v., ovary ;
par., paruterine organ; 7.8., receptaculum seminis ; s., sphincter; 8.g., shell-gland; ¢., testis ;
ir.m., transverse muscle fibres ; tr.v., transverse excretory vessel; w., uterus; va vagina; v.9.;
vitellarium ; v.s., vesicula seminalis ; v.v., ventral excretory vessel.

216 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM.

NOTE ON BLANCHARDIA MACULATA, Castelnau.

Tuts fish was described as a ‘‘small sort of Murewnide’’ by Count Castelnau on
p. 47 of a paper published in 1875 and entitled ‘‘ Researches on the Fishes of
Australia.” A short time ago when examining some dried specimens of small
fishes in the Queensland Museum I found a specimen labeled as above, which I
believe to be Castelnau’s type; my reasons for this belief are threefold—(1)
The specimen is of the size given by Castelnau; (2) Castelnau’s species is not
included in the list of his types in the Paris Museum as sent by M. Eugène
Bouvier to the Australian Museum; and (3) Castelnau states that certain of
the species described by him in this paper belonged to ‘‘two collections of fishes,
one from Queensland and one from Cape York, sent to me for examination by
Mr. Staiger, the curator of the Brisbane Museum’’; presumably this is one of
the first mentioned collection. The identity of this co-called murænid has always
been a puzzle to Australian workers, and this find is therefore valuable as proving
that Blanchardia maculata Castelnau is merely a synonym of Notograptus
guttatus Gunther. That Castelnau took his description from a dried specimen,
as seems to have been the case, would fully account for the discrepancies between
Ginther’s and his generic descriptions, namely—his failure to find the tubular

anterior nostrils, the barbel, and the ventral fins.
J.D.O.

Anthony James Cammimg, Government Printer, Brisbane,

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