Muelleria An Australian Journal of Botany Volume 3, Number 2 8 July, 1975 NATIONAL HERBARIUM OF VICTORIA Contents Page James Hamlyn Willis: A biographical sketch . . . . 71 Four New Species of Plants Endemic in the Macdonnell and George Gill Ranges, Central Australia — J. H. Willis . . . . . . . . . . 89 Grevillea willisii (Proteaceae) A New Victorian Species — R. V. Smith and D. J. McGillivray . . . . 102 A Fruiting Occurrence of Bryum algens Card, in East Antarctica — Rex B. Filson and J. H. Willis .. 112 Studies in Antarctic Lichens III: Notes on Rinodina olivaceobrunnea Dodge & Baker, from the Antarctic and moss-inhabiting species of Rinodina from other parts of the world — Rex B. Filson . . . . 117 T r achy carp idium in Queensland, Australia — lima G. Stone 122 Studies in Antarctic Lichens IV: Notes on Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. — Rex B. Filson . . . . . . 130 A New Grevillea Species from Western Victoria — W. M. Molyneux . . . . . . 141 Studies in Antarctic Lichens V: Lichenes Antarctici Exsiccati, Fascicle I, with additional notes on the taxonomy of each species — Rex B. Filson . . . . 146 Book Reviews . . . . . . . . . . 159 Published by the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL) Royal Botanic Gardens, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia. D. M. Churchill, Director and Government Botanist. MUELLERIA An Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 3 8 July, 1975 No. 2 This number of Muelleria is dedicated to Dr. James Hamlyn Willis to commemorate his retirement from the National Herbarium, Melbourne on 28th January 1972. James Hamlyn Willis 69 1 16/75 —PL | V 'I 1 4 ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ■* 'I 1 i; * J H ^ x> o; . <\ ' vN &) ^ ^ !^1 ^ 1 jM ^ ^ | ■'x ^ & £ fc < -0 * x* 4 jr% ^ H <* \ ^ ^ i ^ 1 1 s ^ ^ Qj J K K Handwriting sample of J. H. Willis. JAMES HAMLYN WILLIS A biographical sketch. INTRODUCTION It is difficult for a modest, highly active and productive scientist with much to carry out still ahead of him, to pause and provide an account of the ground already covered. The age of retirement is a convenient marker in a man’s career however, and in Botany the need to refer both to the professional work and the man in the context of that profession is so very great, that Dr. Willis was pressed for signposts to guide botanists, present and future, who have need to refer to his work. The details of the biographical sketch were supplied by Dr. Willis, but these have been re-cast and re-written by others. HIS LIFE James Hamlyn Willis was born in the home of a family friend, Nurse Trenery, in Neerim Road, Oakleigh, Victoria, on 28 January, 1910. His father Benjamin James Willis was the eldest son of a family of 16, four of whom had died in infancy, and at the time of James’s birth held the post of teller in the Bank of Australasia at Yarram, South Gippsland, where he had served since July 1896. In January 1898 Benjamin Willis had married Mary Elizabeth Giles James, the eldest daughter of a Congrega- tional clergyman Reverend T. H. James, in Rutherglen. Their first child, Rupert Allan, had been born at Yarram on Christmas Eve 1898 and named after the son of the family doctor and close friend, Dr. Lewis Birch. For the birth of her second and only other child Mary Willis travelled to Oakleigh to be attended again by Dr. Birch, who was then practising in that locality. After almost a month’s absence from Yarram she returned there with baby James. In October 1913 Benjamin Willis was promoted to Manager of the Bank of Australasia (now the A.N.Z. Bank) in Stanley, north-west Tasmania. He went there ahead of his family who followed a few weeks later in summertime, travelling overland on a long dusty journey by horse-drawn coach from the port of Burnie, some 80 kilometres south-east of Stanley. The coach took a whole day — now cars travel along the sealed Bass High- way in little more than an hour. James (always known as Jim) did not attend school until the age of nine. Instruction in the “ three R’s ” (reading, writing and arithmetic) , with some elementary geography, history and science was ably imparted at home by his father. Muelleria 3 ( 2 ): 71-88 ( 1975 ). 71 72 James Hamlyn Willis In 1924 there was no secondary school within daily travelling distance of Stanley so Jim Willis, at the age of 14, went to board with the Eyers family at 9 Brenbeal Street, Balwyn, in Victoria, while he attended Melbourne High School — just as his brother had done eleven years before. He matriculated at the end of 1927 and, as an open-air life appealed more than an office job, he sat at the annual entrance exam for a three-year scholarship course in the Victorian School of Forestry, Creswick. He passed easily and commenced his training there early in February, 1928. Upon completion of the course in December 1930 he received his Diploma of the Victorian Forests Commission and was posted back to the Creswick district as a cadet field officer with the Commission. At Creswick a stimulating companionship was forged at once with the Howie family — Charles P. Howie, a plumber, his kindly and motherly wife Annie, invalid son Malcolm and daughter Mavis. Four other older sons (Charles, Norman, Will and Reg) lived elsewhere but occasionally visited their home town which they all loved. The Howies’ place at 64 Albert Street became a second home to Jim who spent many of his week-ends there and went on innumerable rambles with Mavis who, like himself, was a keen bush-lover. On 30th May, 1931 the engagement of Jim Willis and Mavis Howie was announced — it was Mavis’s 25th birthday. During October 1932 Willis was appointed to Belgrave, in the Dandenong Forest District, as assistant to the late James O’Donohue. A year later, on 13 October, 1933, he and Mavis were married. After a week’s honeymoon at Wilson’s Promon- tory they returned to live in Cockatoo from where Willis managed the Gembrook-Beenak-Tonimbuk end of the Dandenong Forest District. This was at the height of the great financial depression when one was lucky to have any kind of job. Willis’s gross salary was only £3.10.0 a week, but prices were proportional and the couple managed to pay their way, renting a 5-room furnished house for the weekly sum of 15/-. Their first child, Ruth Anne, was born on 17 April , 1935. In June 1936 Willis received an instruction to “report for duty ” in five days’ time at Maryborough Forest Office. He hurriedly uprooted his family and reached Maryborough on schedule. A house was located by the end of the first week there but just as the furniture was to be moved in he received a further instruction to proceed at once to Bealiba and take charge of that district. Furniture was re-loaded and moved on another 43 • 5 kilometres to a forest officer’s residence on the outskirts of Bealiba. Within three months, in September, another “ instruc- tion to proceed ’’ transferred Willis and family to Daylesford, 26 kilometres by road from Creswick. James Hamlyn Willis 73 A year later Willis heard of impending retirements from the National Herbarium in Melbourne and this gave him the chance he was seeking to enter the field of professional botany. He immediately negotiated and was seconded on loan to the Lands Department by the Forests Commission for a short probationary period, after which a permanent departmental transfer was arranged. So, in October 1937 he began a period of distinguished service with the Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium that lasted for 34 years, until his voluntary retirement at the age of 62 on 28 January, 1972. His first appointment on the staff of the Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium commenced on the 2nd August 1939, as Assistant (Herbarium) . Soon after commencing work in Melbourne Jim Willis and his wife decided to settle at Brighton where they have remained ever since — for 16 years in one house on Durrant Street and for the past 21 years at 102 Male Street. Their second child, Ian, was born on 30 December, 1937, and the three subsequent children (David, Helen and Dorothy) were all born at the Brighton Community Hospital. Willis attended the University of Mel- bourne part-time for lectures and practical classes during 1938 and 1939 and qualified for the Bachelor of Science degree (with honours) which was conferred on 13 April, 1940. At the National Herbarium he received successive promotions and in 1958-59, he spent 14 months abroad as Australian Botanical Liaison Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. In May 1961 he was promoted to the position of Assistant Govern- ment Botanist, and for the last 15 months of his service he was Acting Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium until a new Director could be appointed and com- mence duties. On 24 August, 1974 J. H. Willis received a Doctorate of Science from the University of Melbourne, having submitted his Handbook to Plants in Victoria Vol. I (2nd ed. 1970) and Vol. 2. (1973) as a major thesis, together with samples of his other scientific publications. At home Willis’s hobbies extend to collections of rocks, minerals, shells, coins, and postage stamps featuring plant life. His relatively large suburban garden, 73 metres in depth, is tended chiefly and enthusiastically by his wife Mavis, and in it, at most times of the year, it is possible to see 60 or more species flowering simultaneously. He has been a local preacher with the Methodist Church of Australia for 45 years and is in the choir of the Male Street Methodist Church, Brighton, which he and his wife both attend. They are both noted for their active participation in local aid organizations and for their lifetime of warm-hearted practical and sympathetic assistance to relatives, neighbours and friends. For six months in 1972 after Willis’s retirement, he and his wife travelled to the British Isles, Holland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Greenland. Retirement has seen no slackening in his diverse interests and activities, either in his personal or his professional life. 74 James Hamlyn Willis BOTANICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY ACHIEVEMENTS. Jim Willis’s interest in everything pertaining to natural history, but particularly botany, commenced during his early childhood and has continued unabated to the present moment. His ten boyhood years at Stanley doubtless laid the foundations for a lifetime devoted to biological inquiry. Stanley nestles at the eastern foot of a sheer 150 metre basaltic bluff called “The Nut ” although named Circular Head by Captain Matthew Flinders on 5 December 1798. There were high sea-cliffs, a deep harbour, magnificent ocean beaches, flowery heathlands, nearby tall forests and fern-gullies, and the adventuresome boy James Hamlyn Willis 75 spent hours a day beach-combing or exploring the adjacent scrub and cliffs. The shells he collected were stored in a black- wood cabinet presented to him by Mr. & Mrs. Ted Edwards who had also been avid shell collectors. When he was ten his parents presented him with the fourth edition of J. A. Leach’s An Aus- tralian Bird Book. His schoolmaster for his last three years of primary schooling, the late David L. Whitchurch, encouraged him to make a pressed collection of the district’s grasses and indicate their various useful properties. On “ The Nut ”, more than 100 kinds of native plants could still be found including the rare and interesting Asplenium obtusatum , Cyathodes juniperina, and Helipterum albicans var. incanum. At Christmas 1924, his brother Rupert gave him a copy of Leonard Rodway’s Tasmanian Flora (1903) inscribed with appropriate verses, the first of which clearly indicates his early botanical interests: “A budding young botanist, bent on botanical Study of flora (and fauna) Tasmanical, Went peering and poking and patiently prying, For specimens suited for pressing and drying.” Although he had left Tasmania by that time, he spent school holidays with his parents in Stanley and at Lilydale (near Launceston) where Rupert had recently set up in medical practice. At such times Rodway’s flora was in constant use. During his training at Creswick Willis spent much time on practical exercises in the plantation nursery and the indigenous State Forest nearby. He explored and camped with other students, and in September 1929 walked with Lawrie Webster from Dunkeld to Stawell through many parts of the Grampians. The next year he did a marathon walk of about 65 kilometres in one day, from Creswick westward to a forestry camp between Mounts Cole and Buangor. The Principal of the School of Forestry, Mr. Edwin J. Semmens, was an accomplished and inspiring biologist who further whetted Willis’s interest in plant life, particularly the fungi. This encouragement strengthened his wish to eventually make botanical science a professional career. Term holidays were mostly spent at Nathalia in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria, where his father had been transferred in late October 1925. Thus, by the end of 1930 Jim Willis had a fair knowledge of the floristics of both the Creswick and Nathalia regions, and had made plant lists also for Sorrento, the Werribee Gorge, Mount Cole and a few other areas. In each of the forestry districts to which he was appointed Willis enthusiastically examined and collected the plants of the region. At first his patrol work was done, very effectively, on a push-bike for which he received a small departmental allow- ance. It was not unusual for him to cover 50-65 kilometres per 76 James Hamlyn Willis day by bicycle among the Dandenong Ranges and Gembrook- Beenak hills. Later, in 1936, he was instructed to patrol by horse. Upon transferring to the National Herbarium in 1937 Willis entered a new phase of his botanical pursuits, with increased contact with both amateur and professional botanists and increased opportunities to visit new areas. He made his first trip to the Victorian Alps in January 1938, in the company of the late Raleigh A. Black. During the 1940’s and early 1950’s he shared many fruitful excursions into East Gippsland with the late Norman A. Wakefield. Four other enthusiastic amateur botanists and collectors, met in the course of his official duties at the Herbarium, have remained long-standing friends, viz. Miss Jean Galbraith of Tyers (via Traralgon) , A. Cliff Beauglehole of Portland, Keith Rogers of Wulgulmerang and Tom Henshall of Red Cliffs (now at Alice Springs.) A rewarding correspondence was maintained with several older interstate and overseas botanists whose assistance was unstinted. These included Sir John B. Cleland in mycology and J. M. Black (Adelaide) , C. A. Gardner (Perth) , C. T. White and S. T. Blake (Brisbane) , R. H. Anderson and Rev. H. M. R. Rupp (Sydney), moss specialists G. O. K. Sainsbury (Wairoa, New Zealand) and E. B. Bartram (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) — all now deceased. Willis’s botanical reconnaissances and exploratory trips have taken him all over Victoria and to various parts of all the other Australian States, as well as to New Guinea, but he has seen comparatively little of Queensland. Particularly fruitful journeys were to: Western Australia with the late Sir Russel Grimwade’s Expedition in September 1947; the Recherche Archipelago, W.A. (November 1950) ; Tasman Peninsula, Tas. (April, 1954) ; Central Australia (September 1965, July 1966, May-June 1974); Coco- parra Range National Park, N.S.W. (September 1969); Mount Wilhelm, New Guinea (June 1970); the Kimberleys and Hamersley Range, W.A., with A. C. Beauglehole (July-August 1974) . In addition he visited both islands of New Zealand during the 40th ANZAAS meeting at Christchurch in January-February 1968. While Australian Botanical Liaison Officer at Kew, England, in 1958-59 he visited practically every botanical institu- tion in the United Kingdom, and several on the European continent, making lasting personal contacts with many British, Dutch, and Scandinavian botanists. On the way back to Aus- tralia he spent three botanical weeks in the United States of America, visiting Washington, New York, the Boston-Cambridge area in Massachusetts and several parts of central California. James Hamlyn Willis 77 Fig. 2. — Localities in Western Europe and United States of America where botanical collec- tions and observations have been made by J. H. Willis. Willis has a great interest in biographical and historical topics. He has assiduously built up a file of biographical data on persons connected with Australian botany and the information he has gathered was made available to the compilers from the Australian Academy of Sciences in Canberra who prepared the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation’s collection of bio- graphical sketches.* For several years in the mid 1940’s Willis aided his brother’s wife, Margaret, in collecting material for her book By Their Fruits (Angus & Robertson, 1949), a biography of the great botanist Ferdinand von Mueller. He has also built up an extensive collection of handwritings of persons and collectors associated with Australian botany. Throughout his career Jim Willis has actively participated in the work of many committees and organizations, both amateur * See Taxon 23 (4): 613-618 (1974). 78 James Hamlyn Willis and professional, and has given unstintingly of his time and talent to all. His scientific, natural history and horticultural affiliations include ordinary membership of the Royal Society of Victoria, National Trust of Australia (Victoria), Australian Con- servation Foundation, David G. Stead Memorial Wildlife Re- search Foundation, Weed Science Society of Victoria, Victorian National Parks Association, and Save the Dandenongs League, while he holds honorary life membership of the Society for Growing Australian Plants (Victorian Region) , Native Plants Preservation Society of Victoria, Brighton Horticultural Society and Field Naturalists Club of Victoria. He first joined the latter organization on 12 December, 1932; several years later he became enthusiastically involved in the Club’s activities, edited the Victorian Naturalist for two years (May 1948— April 1950) and is still a member of council. He has taken numerous photo- graphic transparencies in colour and frequently uses these for illustrating botanical lectures and natural history travelogues given freely to sundry organizations, scientific and otherwise. To date his total writings (books, pamphlets, papers, essays, obituaries, reviews and notes) amount to 748, of which 175 are contributions to the Victorian Naturalist over a period of forty years. For the ten volumes of The Australian Encyclopaedia (1958) he wrote 452 separate entries, chiefly botanical, but including several biographies. Among all these writings are the original descriptions of 42 new species of Australian plants, also 20 other new species described in collaboration with fellow botanists, the descriptions of several new varieties, and many new nomenclatural combinations. Willis has made the first known collections in Victoria of 24 species of vascular plants, 30 bryophytes, 46 larger fungi and several lichens. For “ special study and for increasing knowledge and appreciation of natural history in Australia ” he was awarded the Australian Natural History Medallion for 1960. In 1973 he received the Royal Society of Victoria’s silver medal for research. In January 1974 the Faculty of Science, Monash University, appointed him an honorary Fellow. His Doctorate of Science, conferred in August 1974 by the University of Melbourne, has already been men- tioned. The name of James Hamlyn Willis is perpetuated in those of — Grevillea willisii Smith & McGillivray (a' sprawling shrub of north-east Victoria), Epilobium willisii Raven & Engelhorn (a subalpine willow-herb of Victoria and Tasmania) , Oleanites willisii I. Cookson (a fossil olive from the older lignites at Yallourn) , Pottia willisii G.O.K. Sainsbury (a minute moss from Standley chasm, Central Australia) and Steccherinum willisii M. Geesteranus (an interesting hydnoid fungus from the Laming- ton National Park, south-east Queensland) . James Hamlyn Willis 79 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BY J. H. WILLIS 1928 — Polyporaceae in the Creswick Forest. *Sylvanite (Dec.) : 54-55. 1929 — Notes on the flora of the Werribee Gorge. Sylvanite (Dec.): 35-36. 1930 — A bird’s-eye view of the Creswick flora. Sylvanite (Dec.) : 40-43. Impressions of the Grampians. Sylvanite (Dec.) : 39-41 (in collab. L. G. Webster). 1934 — The fairyland of fungi. Sun Nature Book 5 (“ Gems of the Bush ”) : 53. The Agaricaceae or “ Gilled Fungi”. Victorian Naturalist 50: 264- 298, tt. xlii-xlv (2 in col.) + 10 text fig. “ Beef-steak ”, “ Punk ” and “ Blackfellows’ Bread ” Victorian Naturalist 50: 298-301, tt. xlvi & xlvii + 2 text fig. “Vegetable Caterpillars”. Victorian Naturalist 50: 302-304, 1 text fig- Species gathered during a fungus foray. Victorian Naturalist 51: 46-48. The Geastrae or “Earth-stars” of Victoria. Victorian Naturalist 51: 115-124, t. xxiv + 3 text fig. Two remarkable fungi of the springtime (Morchella conica 8c Gyro- mitra esculenta). Victorian Naturalist 51: 172-174, 2 text fig. 1935 — Revision of the Agaricaceae or “ Gilled Fungi.” Victorian Naturalist 52: 68-70. List of fungi from Sherbrooke Forest excursion (supplied to and published by H.C.E. Stewart). Victorian Naturalist 52: 76. Plant life in the Northern Goulburn Valley. Victorian Naturalist 52: 140-144, t. xv. + 1 text fig. 1936 Notes on the illustrations of fungi (by M. I. Howie). Victorian Naturalist 53: 21-22. 1937 — Spring-time fungi and a giant Boletus. Victorian Naturalist 54: 102- 104, 1 text fig. 1938 — A suburban colony of “Earth-stars”. Victorian Naturalist 54: 143- 144, 1 text fig. Excursion to Humphries’ Hill, Frankston. Victorian Naturalist 54: 144, (in collab. Dr. E. I. McLennan). 1939 — April fungi of the forest gullies .... and the genus Poria. Vic- torian Naturalist 56: 3-8, 3 text fig. The occurrence of Astelia nervosa in Victoria (inch var. australiana var. nov.). Kew Bulletin 1939 : 173-177. 1940— Fungus haunts and habits. Wild Life (Melbourne) 2 (7): 7-9 & 46, 1 full-page + 4 text figs. A western variety of Pultenea Muelleri (var. reflexifolia, var. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 57: 98-99, 1 text fig. 1941 — Victorian Fungi (—72 pp., 33 illust., publ. Field Nats. Club Viet.). Victoria’s floral emblem. Victorian Naturalist 58: 67-70. Crimson-berries survive on the cliffs at Woolamai. Victorian Natura- list 58: 78, t. viii. 1942 — The Tree Everlasting (Helichrysum ferrugineum Less.). Victorian Naturalist 58: 163-164. Notes on Victorian Rhamnaceae. Part 1 (incl. Pomaderris velutina, sp. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 58: 175-177, 1 text fig. Certain Victorian plants urgently needed for assay — by C.S.I.R. Victorian Naturalist 58: 181. Notes on Victorian Rhamnaceae. Part 2 (a. Pomaderris velutina; b. Discaria australis). Victorian Naturalist 59: 67-69. Magazine' of the Victorian Old Forestry Students’ Association. 80 James Hamlyn Willis Botanical “Bulls”. Victorian Naturalist 59: 72. Confused taxonomy in the Ozothamnus section of Helichrysum, and its rectification. Victorian Naturalist 59: 84-88 (in collab. P. F. Morris) . The wonder-lily of Beenak (Astelia nervosa ). Victorian Naturalist 59: 90-91. The correct name of our Alpine Podolepis (P. acuminata R. Br. var. robusta Maid. & Betche) comb. nov. Victorian Naturalist 59: 120 . Classifying and mapping of Victorian vegetation. Quarterly Supple- ment to “The Gum Tree” 2 (1): 2-4. Plants of the marshes. Victorian Naturalist 59: 144. 1943 — Curious distribution of plants (in Brisbane Ranges). Victorian Naturalist 59: 146. Statistical notes on the Mallee flora. Victorian Naturalist 59: 176-177. Deletions from the Victorian flora. Victorian Naturalist 59: 195. Deletions from the Victorian flora. Victorian Naturalist 59: 210. Meissner or Meisner? Victorian Naturalist 59: 212. The FitzGerald “Symposium”. Victorian Naturalist 60: 2. Longevity of leguminous seeds. Victorian Naturalist 60: 8. The Yarra Bend Public Park. Victorian Naturalist 60: 14-15 (in collab. P.N.S. Bibby). Trachymene and Platysace. Victorian Naturalist 60: 40-41. Plant Names Sub-committee. First list of recommended new and changed vernaculars. Victorian Naturalist 60: 125-126. 1944 — Dryopteris pennigera, a new fern record for Victoria. Victorian Naturalist 60: 173-175, 1 text fig. Corrections in recent Victorian fern nomenclature. Victorian Naturalist 60: 196. Review of “ The Orchids of New South Wales ” by H.M.R. Rupp. Victorian Naturalist 61: 22 (in collab. W. H. Nicholls). Excursion to Seaholme. Salt-marsh flora and mangroves. Victorian Naturalist 61: 40-41. Loss of Berlin Herbarium. Victorian Naturalist 61: 93. Plant Names Sub-committee. Second list of recommended new and changed vernaculars. Victorian Naturalist 61: 127-128. Flower perfumes and their classification. Victorian Naturalist 61: 131-136. A new combination of Helichrysum, H. thyrsoideum (DC.) comb. nov. Victorian Naturalist 61: 147 (in collab. P. F. Morris). 1945 — Excursion to Beaumaris. Regeneration of plants on fire area. Vic- torian Naturalist 61: 162-163. More Botanical “Bulls”. Victorian Naturalist 61: 175. Toorongo sub-alpine flora. Victorian Naturalist 61: 176-180, t.vii + text fig. Chlorophytum, a genus of lilies new to Victoria (and New South Wales.) Victorian Naturalist 61: 187-189, 1 text fig. A new alpine variety of the “ Mallee Everlasting ”, (Helichrysum adenophorum var. Waddellae, var. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 61: 217. The Mallee Everlasting in New South Wales. Victorian Naturalist 62: 42. Among alpine flowers on the Barry Mountains, Cobbler, Stirling and Buller. Victorian Naturalist 62: 111-118 & 132-140, 4 text fig. 1946 — The Barry Mountains. Victorian Naturalist 62: 155. Your National Herbarium, what it is and what it does. Wz7d Life 8 (1) : 19-22, 9 text fig. Some desirable changes among familiar vernacular names. Victorian Naturalist 62: 241-242. Fascinating western eucalypts. Wild Life 8 (11 & 12): 389-393 & 436-439, 22 text fig. James Hamlyn Willis 81 Some unpublished comments on a Mitchell journal. Victorian Naturalist 63: 181-183. Plant Names Sub-committee. Third list of recommended new and changed vernaculars. Victorian Naturalist 63: 186-188. 1947 — An undescribed Victorian phalloid fungus ( Mutinus cartilaginous, sp. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 63: 217-219, t. xvi + 1 text fig. Botany of the Bogongs. Victorian Naturalist 63: 249-250. A new name for the Australian Cotton Plant or “ Sturt’s Desert Rose ” ( Gossypium Sturtianum, nom. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 64: 9-11 t. i. Australian flowers for Australian gardens. Wild Life 9 (6) : 220-223, 9 text fig. Plants of Rodondo Island. Victorian Naturalist 64: 21-24. Flora of the Mud Islands, Port Phillip Bay. Memoirs of the National Museum, Melbourne 15 : 138-143. Distribution of certain Victorian eucalypts. Victorian Naturalist 64: 12 . Epiphytic orchids of Bass Strait. Victorian Naturalist 64: 143. Ten thousand wild flowers at home in Australia. B.H.P. Review 25 (1): 8-11, text 10 (17 fig. by H. T. Reeves.). 1948 — Ferdinand von Mueller. Australian Journal of Science 10 (5) : 136- MO. Review of “Genera Filicum: The Genera of Ferns” by E. B. Cope- land. Australicn Journal of Science 10 (5) : 152-153. Review of “ Wild Flowers of Australia ” by T. Y. Harris. Victorian Naturalist 64 : 243. Vascular flora of the Lake Mountain alps. Victorian Naturalist 65: 14-17. Plant Names Sub-committee. Victorian Naturalist 65: 22. Beenak fungus foray. Victorian Naturalist 65: 69-70. On the nature and distribution of “ Moonah ” (Melaleuca pubescens Schauer). Victorian Naturalist 65 : 76-84, 2 text fig. Meissner or Meisner? Victorian Naturalist 65 : 122. Item for Australian representative at the 1950 International Con- gress in Stockholm ( Allocarya E. L. Greene v. Maccoya F. Muell.). Australian Herbarium News 3: 5. Winter botanizing on the Mugga Mugga, Canberra. Victorian Naturalist 65: 192-195, 1 text fig. Longevity of Scented Sun-orchid flowers (Thelymitra aristata Lindl.) Victorian Naturalist 65: 204. 1949 — Victorian fern and clubmoss records. Victorian Naturalist 65: 214- 217 (in collab. N. A. Wakefield). List of plant species for Snowy River Gorges. Walkabout 15 (2) : 41 . Victorian fern and clubmoss records. Victorian Naturalist 65: 279- 281 (in collab. N. A. Wakefield). Botanical pioneers in Victoria (Also issued in booklet form). Vic- torian Naturalist 66: 83-89, 103-109 & 123-128, 3 text fig. A remarkable hailstorm. Victorian Naturalist 66: 99. Australian Amaryllids. Plant Life (inch Herbertia) 5 (4) : 51-53. Additions to the recorded flora of Lake Mountain. II Cryptogams, excluding algae and fungi. Victorian Naturalist 66: 158-159 (in collab. J. R. Garnet). Westringia williamsonii sp. nov. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 60 (9): 110 (in collab. B. Boivin). 1950 — The Queensland Bottle Tree. (Brachychiton rupestris). Walkabout 16 : 18-20, 5 illust. Victorian Toadstools and Mushrooms (72 pp., 33 illust., publ. Field Nats. Club Viet.). America sets a new record in plant longevity. Victorian Naturalist 82 James Hamlyn Willis The chequered story of two Tasmanian mosses, Tayloria Gunnii (Wils. in Hook.) comb. nov. & T. tasmanica (Hampe) Broth. Victorian Naturalist 67: 30-35, 1 text fig. Review of “ Classification of Animals ” by W. T. Caiman. Victorian Naturalist 67: 57-58. A botanical retrospect (F.N.C.V. 1880-1950). Victorian Naturalist 67: 65-70 First lady recipient of Natural History Medallion (Mrs. Edith Cole- man). Victorian Naturalist 67: 99-100, PI. 1. Death of Dr. Charles Standford Sutton (Obit.) Victorian Naturalist 67: 122. 1951 — “ Australian vegetation ”, “ Eucalypts ” & “ Fungus friends and foes ” (3 entries). Australian Junior Encyclopaedia 2: 687-693, 694- 699 & 718-720. Melbourne’s mangroves are dead! Victorian Naturalist 67: 205. Vale, William Henry Nicholls (1885-1951) (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 67: 241-243, 1 text fig. Botany of the Russell Grimwade Expedition. Memoirs of the National Museum, Melbourne 17: 33-64, tt. v & vi. William Henry Nicholls (Obit.). Wild Life 13: 456-458, 1 text fig. Concerning Red-backed Spiders. Victorian Naturalist 68 : 18. Among plants of the Recherche. Walkabout 17: 35—40, 7 illust. Sydenham Sanctuary for vanishing basalt flowers. Walkabout 17: 36-37, 3 illust. A new species of Victorian moss (Fissidens hunteri, sp. nov.). Vic- torian Naturalist 68 : 83-84, 1 text fig. Adventure in publishing. “ Orchids of Australia ” by W. H. Nicholls (Review). Walkabout 17: 8-9, 1 illust. The genera of Victorian mosses, and new records of species for the State. Victorian Naturalist 68 : 135-138 (in collab. H. T. Clifford). 1952 — The genera of Victorian mosses, and new records of species for the State (35 species of Musci not previously recorded for Victoria). Victorian Naturalist 68 : 151-158 (in collab. H. T. Clifford). More about Sandalwood. Victorian Naturalist 68 : 189. Systematic notes on Victorian mosses. 1. Sphagnaceae. Victorian Naturalist 69: 15-18. Comments on the Commonwealth Office of Education pamphlet, “ Living Monuments ”. Australian Wild Life 2 (3) : 19-20. Baobab problem. Did Gregory mark the tree? Wild Life 16: 7. Aroids foul and fragrant. Victorian Naturalist 69: 47-50. Notes on some Australian Compositae (incl. Helichrysum eriocepha- lum sp. nov., H. tuckeri sp. nov., Chthonocephalus multiceps sp. nov. and Senecio runcinifolius nom. nov.). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 62: 101-107, t. vii + 1 text fig. Further notes on’ flower perfumes. Victorian Naturalist 69: 75. 1953 — Linkage of uncommon plant genera at Creswick ( Isoetes , Pilularia and Dichanthium) . Victorian Naturalist 69: 130-131, 1 text fig. Mitchell Gorge mosses. Victorian Naturalist 69: 131. The myth of Macromitrium in Western Australia (A moss note). Victorian Naturalist 69: 159-160. Orchids at Creswick. Victorian Naturalist 70: 8 . Land flora. Australian Geographical Society Reports 1 (The Archipe- lago of the Recherche), 3a: 3-35, tt. 3 full-page T- 1 text fig. Mycological excursion to Sherbrooke Forest. Victorian Naturalist 70: 20. Proposal No. 21 (Article 74 — Illegitimacy of later homonyms). Taxon 2 (5) : 1 13. “The Second Coelacanth ” (Malania anjouanae ). Victorian Natura- list 70: 43, 1 text fig. Systematic notes on Victorian mosses. 2. Sphagnum. Victorian Naturalist 70: 55-57. James Hamlyn Willis 83 A new orchid species from Tasmania ( Prasophyllum buftonianum sp. nov.). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 87: 81-82, 1 text fig. Review of “ Australian Plants for the Garden ” by T. Y. Harris. Victorian Naturalist 70: 107-108. Amendments to the nomenclature of some Victorian Polyporaceae. Victorian Naturalist 70: 110-111. Decease of Henriette Sinclair (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 70: 115. 1954 — Systematic notes on Victorian mosses. 3. Acaulon and Pottia (1 comb. nov. + 2 var. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 70: 169-172. Craterellus multiplex Cke. & Mass. An uncommon and remarkable fungus. Victorian Naturalist 70: 181-182, 1 text fig. Baron von Mueller’s marathon along the Murray. Riverlander (Apr.) : 3 — 4. Two new Victorian species of alpine Composite (Celmisia sericophylla and Podolepis robusta, spp. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 70: 223- 226, t. xxii. Notes on another mountain Podolepis (P. hieracioides F. Muell.). Victorian Naturalist 70: 226-227. Mosses new to Western Australia (inch Pterygoneurum kemsleyi , sp. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 71: 8-12, 1 text fig. Review of “ How to know Western Australian wildflowers ” by W. E. Blackall. Australian Journal of Science 17: 40. A new Victorian and South Australian eucalypt, Eucalyptus aroma - phloia sp. nov. Victorian Naturalist 71: 125-129, t. xv + 1 text fig. (in collab. L. D. Pryor). More flower perfumes. Victorian Naturalist 71: 129. 1955 Systematic notes on Victorian mosses. 4. (incl. 15 species not pre- viously recorded for Victoria). Victorian Naturalist 71: 157-163. Notes on the flora of Safety Cove (Tas.) The Tasmanian Naturalist new ser. 2: 23-32. Some further notes on Sphagnum. Victorian Naturalist 71: 189-190. Systematic notes on Victorian mosses. 5. (inch two hitherto un- described species, Trematodon alpinus and Tortella dakinii spp. nov. + 1 comb. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 72: 5-11, 2 text fig. Choice of specific epithets. Australian Orchid Review 20 (2) : 77-78. The Australian Anchor Plant (Discaria pubescens) Victorian Natura- list 72: 51—55, 2 text fig. New and interesting moss records for Australia. Victorian Natura- list 72: 73-78. P.N.S. Bibby (1907-55) (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 72: 99-100 1 text fig. Books for botanists (Four reviews). Victorian Naturalist 72: 125-127 The late Edward Thomas Dakin (1897-1955) (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 72: 127-128. 1956 Critical notes on Australian Stylidiaceae (incl. Levenhookia octoma- culata, Stylidium roseo-alatum and S. macrocarpum spp. nov. — in collab. Rica Erickson). Victorian Naturalist 72: 130-136, t. iv 4- 1 text fig. New species and varieties of Stylidium from Western Australia (incl 9 spp. nov. and 2 var nov.) Muelleria 1: 7-20, tt. i-iii + 1 text fig. (in collab., Rica Erickson). Systematic notes on Victorian Compositae. 1. Olearia (incl 4 var nov.). Muelleria 1: 24-33. Changes in the nomenclature of three Victorian monocotyledons. Muelleria 1: 45 (in collab. A. B. Court). Robert Brown’s Bass Strait journal of April/May 1802. Muelleria 1 51-54. I he present position of muscology in Victoria. (A centennial review) Muelleria 1: 55-59. A bibliography of the Australian Baobab. Muelleria 1: 61-63. 84 James Hamlyn Willis A tribute to the late Sir Russell Grimwade (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 72: 162-164, 1 text fig. Notes on two West Australian Stylidia (inch Stylidium choreanthum sp. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 72: 171-172, 1 text fig. (in collab. Rica Erickson). A new trigger-plant from the Northern Territory (Stylidium quadri- furcatum sp. nov. Victorian Naturalist 73: 5-6, 1 text fig. (in collab. Rica Erickson). Sundry notes on Australian Stylidia (inch Stylidium ericksonae nom. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 73: 43-44. Two puzzling alpine heaths (inch Leucopogon montanus comb. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 73: 56-58. Additions to the Victorian sedge flora (Cyperaceae) . Victorian Naturalist 73: 69-74. Victorian sedge flora: Correction. Victorian Naturalist 73: 104. The passing of a great orchidologist, Rev. H. M. R. Rupp (1872-1956) (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 73: 105-110, t. iii. A new genus of alpine lichens ( Bibbya ). Victorian Naturalist 73: 125-128, t. vii -f 1 text fig. The National Flower of Tasmania (Letter to Editor). Gardeners ' Chronicle 140 (26) : 677. 1957 — Vascular flora of Victoria and South Australia (incl. spp. nov. Stipa nivicola, Atriplex papillata, Bassia ramsayae, Bassia caput- casuarii, Acacia nano-dealbata, Acacia grayana and Acacia frige- scens + 2 var. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 73: 149-160. Vascular flora of Victoria and South Australia (incl. spp. nov. Phyllota remota, Dillwynia capitata, Boronia latipinna, Phebalium lowanense and Tetratheca stenocarpa + 2 var. nov. + 4 nom. nov. & comb. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 73: 188-202. Systematic notes on Victorian mosses. 6 (incl. 3 synonymies, 1 new varietal combination & 1 new record for Victoria). Victorian Naturalist 74: 23-25. Aurora records needed. Victorian Naturalist 74: 4. Victorian Toadstools and Mushrooms (ed. 2 — see also under 1950). Spiridens perichaetialis sp. nov. (Description of a new moss from highland New Guinea). Brittonia 9: 42 (in collab. E. B. Bartram) . Vascular flora of Victoria and South Australia (some corrections and additions). Victorian Naturalist 74: 54-56. Rediscovery of a rare Victorian toadstool (Hygrophorus lewellinae Kalchbr.). Victorian Naturalist 74: 71-72, 1 text fig. Victorian records for Secotium (A remarkable genus of fungi in the Gasteromycetes) . Victorian Naturalist 74: 87-88. New records of mosses for Australian States. Victorian Naturalist 74: 101-105. Pilgrimage to Baron von Mueller’s grave. Victorian Naturalist 74: 110-114. Death of a veteran bryologist, George Osborne King Sainsbury (1880- 1957) (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 74: 118-120, 1 text fig. A list of Victorian Clavariaceae. Victorian Naturalist 74: 127-133. 1958 — Vegetation of Fisher Island (Bass Strait). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 92: 171-174, 2 text fig. Victoria’s lady wildflower artist, Amy Vardy Fuller (1869-1944). Victorian Naturalist 74: 147-150, 1 text fig. Botanical book reviews (Three reviews). Victorian Naturalist 74: 150-152. A distinctive West Australian Phebalium, Rutaceae (Phebalium cana- liculatum comb. nov.). Victorian Naturalist 74: 169. The Australian Encyclopaedia: 452 separate entries, from A to Z in the ten volumes (incl. essays on Eucalypts, Pines, Perfumes, Saltbushes, Wattles, Weeds, also several biographies). Book review. Victorian Naturalist 74: 178. James Hamlyn Willis 85 Additional notes on Northern Territory mosses. Vfctorian Naturalist 74: 189. Three months with an Orchard Spider ( Celaenia excavata) . Victorian Naturalist 75: 84. 1959 — Review of “ The Orchids. A scientific survey ” by Carl L. Withner. Victorian Naturalist 76: 161. Australian species of the fungal genus Cordyceps. Muelleria 1: 67-89, tt. vii-ix. Orthography of certain specific epithets. Muelleria 1: 90-91. Reduction of the lichen genus Bibbya J. H. Willis. Muelleria 1: 91-92. Notes on the vegetation of Eucla District, W.A. Muelleria 1 : 92-96. Plants of the Recherche Archipelago, W.A. Muelleria 1: 97-101. The challenge of a changing scene. Victorian Naturalist 76: 201-205, 2 text fig. 1960 — Two notes on fungi in Victoria (Orchids and the Higher Fungi; the Fly Agaric in Australia). Victorian Naturalist 76: 265. Among Californian trees and flowers. Victorian Naturalist 76: 305- 311, 2 text fig. The Baron: Australia’s best known botanist (Letter to Editor). Gardeners' Chronicle 148 ( 8 ) : 194. Preserving the rare and local species. Newsletter of Society for Growing Australian Plants ( South-east Region ) (Sept.) : 1-3. Thomas Stephen Hart (1871-1960) (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 77: 111-114, 1 text fig. Rules for spelling generic names. Victorian Naturalist 77: 196-197. 1961 — The passing of a great plantsman, James Wales Clarendon Audas (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 77: 273-275. *Botanical Science in Victoria 100 years ago. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria new ser. 73: 41-45. Back to Burke again (Letter to Editor re Beckler’s part in Victoria Exploring Expedition). Walkabout 27: 7. Vanishing floral splendors of the West. Australian Wild Life 3: 2-3. tThe important role of Systematic Botany: Naming Plants. News- letter of Society for Growing Australian Plants ( South-east Region ) (Dec.) : 3-5. 1962 — Continents apart (Letter to Editor). Your Garden 15: 31. Land flora of Victoria. Victorian Year Book 76: 1-34, 13 illust. + 1 map. tThe important role of Systematic Botany: Describing Plants. News- letter of Society for Growing Australian Plants (South-east Region ) (Mar.) : 2-3. tClassifying Plants. Newsletter of Society for Growing Australian Plants ( South-east Region ) (June) : 2-3. Olaf Hagerup. A salute from Australia. (A biographical apprecia- tion). Taxon 11: 177-178. A Handbook to Plants in Victoria Vol. 1 (Ferns, Conifers & Mono- cotyledons) Melbourne University Press. The Botany of the Victoria Exploring Expedition (Sept. 1860 — June 1861) etc. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria new ser. 75: 247-268. 1963 — Review of “ Journal of a voyage to New South Wales ” by John White, edited by Alec H. Chisholm. Victorian Naturalist 80: 18-19. Review of “ Wildflowers of North America ” by R. B. Lemmon & C. C. Johnson. English-Speaking Union (June) : 3. * Repeated in Aust. Journ. Pharm. new ser. 42: 1961-63 (Oct. 1961). t These three papers brought together in booklet form, Apr. 1964. by Mrs. C. Coleman for the Wild Life Preservation Society of Australia. 16/75-2 86 James Hamlyn Willis Review of a booklet on “The Baron” Victorian Naturalist 80: 45. Notes on the history and vegetation of Mount Napier. Victorian Naturalist 80: 162-168, 2 text fig. Salute to a master plant photographer, the late Herbert Trethowan Reeves (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 80: 220-223, 1 text fig. 1964 — Warning, Classifying and Describing Plants — edited by C. Coleman for Wild Life Preservation Society of Australia. Could Sow Thistles be native? Victorian Naturalist 81: 12-13. Review of “ The Gum Trees of the Australian Capital Territory ” by Nancy T. Burbidge. Victorian Naturalist 81: 57. The Compositae or Daisy Family (incl. key to all Australian genera). Australian Plants 2: 223-238, tt. 2 col. + 1 text fig. Vegetation of the Basalt Plains in Western Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria new ser. 77: 397-418. Latest two recipients of the Australian Natural History Medallion (Thistle Yolette Stead and Norman Arthur Wakefield). Victorian Naturalist 81: 192-194, 2 text fig. 1965 — Fossil fungus ( Hypoxylon ) from Tertiary brown coal, Yallourn, Vic- toria, Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria new ser. 78: 115-117, t. xvi (in collab. E. D. Gill). F.N.C.V. Excursion to Western Australia, August 31 — September 22 (1963). Victorian Naturalist 81: 308-310 & 330-337, 1 text fig. F.N.C.V. Excursion to Western Australia, August 31 — September 22 (1963). Victorian Naturalist 82: 15-26, 3 text fig. Plant life in our National Parks. Newsletter of Society for Growing Australian Plants (South-east Region ) (June) : 4-7. Victorian eucalypts and their uses. Victoria's Resources 7: 67-74 + 11 text photos. Classification of some Australian flower perfumes. Victorian Natura- list 82: 205. Historical notes on the W.A. Pitcher Plant, Cephalotus follicularis. Western Australian Naturalist 10: 1-7, 1 text fig. Native plants of Brighton. Newsletter of Brighton Historical Society Suppl. to No. 9: 1-4. 1966 — Eucryphia. Extra-Tasmanian members. Australian Plants 3: 255. Flora of The Nut, etc. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 21: 1-12 + 8 half-tone plates. Some additions to Australian Stylidiaceae (Levenhookia chippendalei sp. nov., Stylidium coroniforme sp. nov., S. fluminense sp. nov. & S. diuroides var. albo-lilacinum var. nov.). Victorian Natura- list 83: 107-112, tt. 1 & 2 (in collab. Rica Erickson). Introduction and account of W. L. Morton, his collections in Mel- bourne Herbarium, and the identities of plants mentioned. Notes of a Tour in the Wimmera District (June and July 1861), by “An Old Bushman ” (Mimeographed brochure of National Parks Authority) pp. ii-ix. Bleeser specimens in the National Herbarium of Victoria, with some notes on their collector. Contributions from the N.S.W. Herba- rium 4: 9-11. Vegetation, Port Phillip Survey (1957-1963). Memoirs of the National Museum, Melbourne 27: 119-132, tt. i & ii. Review of “The Identification of Flowering Plant Families” by P. H. Davis & J. Cullen. Journal of Agriculture, Melbourne 64: 536. Original description (with colour plate) of the Antarctic moss Grimmia lawiana J. H. Willis in Lichens and Mosses of Mac- Robertson Land by Rex B. Filson. 1967 — Further notes on the W.A. Pitcher Plant. Western Australian Naturalist 10: 98-99. Review of “ The Lichens and Mosses of MacRobertson Land ” by Rex Filson. Victorian Naturalist 84: 221. James Hamlyn Willis 87 Systematic notes on the indigenous Australian flora (inch 11 spp. nov., 5 var. nov. & 20 comb. nov.). Muelleria 1: 117-163, t. x. Typification of eight Victorian species names in Eucalyptus. Muelleria 1: 165-168. New cultivar in Leptospermum (L. nitidum “Copper Sheen ”). Muel- leria 1: 168. A bibliography of “ Blackfellows’ Bread ”, Polyporus mylittae 1 Cooke & Massee. Muelleria 1: 203-212, t. xiii. A bibliography of the “Ghost Fungus”, Pleurotus nidiformis (Berk.) Sacc. Muelleria 1: 213-218. Further Cordyceps collections in Australia. Muelleria 1 : 223-224. A collection of plants from the Victorian Pyrenees in 1840. Muelleria 1: 231-232. Tristania lactiflua or T. lactiflora? Muelleria 1: 232. The late Raleigh Adelbert Black (1880-1963) and his private herba- rium. Muelleria 1 : 233-238, 1 text fig. 18 Book reviews and notices. Muelleria. 1: 239-248. Diversity in coast-line vegetation of S.E. Australia. Newsletter of the Society for Growing Australian Plants (South-east Region ) (Sept.): 6-7. Notes on two species of Western Australian Compositae, Trichocline spathulata (A. Cunn. ex DC.) comb. nov. & Cratystylis conoce - phala (F. Muell.) S. le M. Moore. Western Australian Natura- list 10 : 157-160. 1968 — Flowers and Plants of Victoria (in collab. R. Cochrane, E. Rotherham and B. Fuhrer) — 45,600 words in captions to the 543 colour plates. A. H. & A. W. Reed, Wellington, New Zealand. Review of “ The Wattles of the Australian Capital Territory ” by Nancy T. Burbidge. Victorian Naturalist 85: 69. Fungal excursion to Sherbrooke Forest. Victorian Naturalist 85 : 228-229. Review of “ Plants of prey in Australia ” by Rica Erickson. Victorian Naturalist 85: 230-231. Letter to Sir John B. Cleland re Dicksonia in the Mount Lofty Ranges, and its collector (Bernhard Heyne, 1825-1881). South Australian Naturalist 43: 27. 1969— Census of the vascular flora indigenous to East Gippsland. Proceed- ings of the Royal Society of Victoria new ser. 82: 77-103. Flora of Rocky Cape (Bryophytes). Records of the Queen Victoria Museum , Launceston 33: 14-15. Botanical unveilings in North-west Victoria. Report of Sunraysia Naturalists 9 Research Trust 6: 9-19. Letter to Sir John B. Cleland re provenance of the type of Acacia peuce (collected by Dr. James Murray, July 1862). South Aus- tralian Naturalist 43: 111. Prostanthera schultzii seen in flower for the first time. Victorian Naturalist 86: 132. Introduction to brochure, Ferns & Flowering Plants of Wilsons Pro- montory National Park (publ. National Parks Authority). Foreword to Orchids of Australia (complete edition) by W. H. Nicholls. Three reviews “ Wildflowers of Tasmania ” by H. J. King & T. E. Burns; “ Australian Eucalypts ” by Mervyn Millett; “ Orchids of Western Australia” by Alex. S. George & Herb. E. Foote. Victorian Naturalist 86: 339-341. 1970 Plant-hunting in East Gippsland. Junior Science (Dandenong & Monash School Inspectorates) 4: 19. A Handbook to Plants in Victoria Vol. 1 — second edition, with sup- plement. Melbourne University Press The Shining Peppermint ( Eucalyptus nitida) . Victorian Foresters’ Newsletter 26: 4-5. 88 James Hamlyn Willis A subalpine occurrence of the Common Mud-mat ( Glossostigma drummondii). Victorian Naturalist 87 : 168. More about mud-mats (Glossostigma spp.). Victorian Naturalist 87 : 249-250. Rediscovery of Pomaderris obcordata in Victoria. Victorian Natura- list 87 : 250. Simple key to the ten needle-leaved hakeas of Victoria. Australian Plants 5: 346. Award of the Australian Natural History Medallion to Jean Galbraith. Victorian Naturalist 87 : 297-298, 1 text fig. (in collab. A. J. Swaby) . Introductory essay to Part I (The South). In Australia's Wildflowers by Michael Morcombe: pp. 12-14. Plant-life in the Grampians. Walk 22 : 13-18, 2 photos. 1971 — Carl Heinrich Hartmann (1833-1887). Darling Downs Naturalist 213 : 9-10. William Hunter (1893-1971) (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 88: 88-91. Flora of West Gippsland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Vic- toria new ser. 84: 33-35. Report of talk (by J. H. Willis) on New Guinea Highlands. Victorian Naturalist 88: 204-205. Dyes from plants native to Australia. In Dyes from Plants of Aus- tralia and New Zealand by Joyce Lloyd — Chapter 4: 25-26. Floral gems of New Guinea. Newsletter of the Society for Growing Australian Plants (Victorian Region) (Sept.): 8-11. Nature Conservation in Victoria by Judith Frankenberg: Table 12 on pp. 100-106 — (Species of native Victorian vascular plants in danger of extinction). 1972 — A Handbook to Plants in Victoria Vol. 2. Melbourne University Press. 1973 — Vale, Norman Arthur Wakefield (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 90: 103-105. Review of “ Forest Trees of Australia ” by N. Hall, R. D. Johnston & G. M. Chippendale. Victorian Naturalist 90: 137-138. Review of “ Flora of the Sydney Region ” by N. C. W. Beadle, O. D. Evans, R. C. Carolin & Mary D. Tindale. Victorian Naturalist 90: 151-153. Report of talk on “ Eucalypts and other nectar-yielding plants of Victoria Australian Bee Journal 54 (6) : 18-21. Arctic Scenes and Plants. Newsletter of the Society for Growing Australian Plants (Victorian Region) (June) : 6-10. Plants of the Dandenongs. Dandenong Ranges News 13 : 1-3 & 11, 2 photos. Flowers and Plants of Victoria — revised edition (in collab. R. Cochrane, E. Rotherham, and B. Fuhrer) A. H. & A. W. Reed, Wellington, New Zealand. 1974 — The Late Patrick Francis Morris (1896-1974) (Obit.). Victorian Naturalist 91 : 205-206, 1 text fig. Preface to Wildflowers of South-eastern Australia by Betty Conabere (paintings) & J. Ros. Garnet (text). Roadside Flora Values. Forum on Roadsides and Conservation (arranged by Victorian National Parks Association, Natural Re- sources Conservation League, Town & Country Planning Associa- tion and Conservation Council of Victoria) : Paper No. 6 (mimeographed) . FOUR NEW SPECIES OF PLANTS ENDEMIC IN THE MACDONNELL AND GEORGE GILL RANGES, CENTRAL AUSTRALIA by J. H. Willis* SUMMARY The dicotyledonous species Portulaca filsonii (Portul- acaceae) , Euphorbia sarcostemmoid.es (Euphorbiaceae) , Ricinocarpos g loria-medii (Euphorbiaceae) and Leucopogon sonderensis (Epacridaceae) are described as new, and their affinities discussed. As far as known, all are endemic in the Macdonnell and George Gill Ranges of Central Australia where they are restricted to rocky habitats. Descriptions of at least 15 other endemic seed-bearing plants have been published from time to time for this rich botanical province, the most remarkable being Macroz- amia macdonnellii (a cycad) and Livistona mariae (a lofty palm) : several other entities, e.g. Goodenia spp., still await publication. Some of these endemics would undoubtedly be categorized as relic populations, persisting from the wetter Pleistocene period in refugial niches of the central mountain mass long after their obliteration elsewhere through excessive aridity of some 4000-6000 years ago (see Chippendale, 1963) .f PORTULACACE/E Portulaca filsonii J. H. Willis, sp. nov. (Sect. Siphonopetalum — fide F. Mueller in Fragm. Phyt. Aust., 1877.) P. armitii F. Muell. (Queenslandiae Borealis) maxime accedens, sed differt sic: foliis bullatis papillosis, pedicellis brevioribus, parte inferiore calycis dilatat multo latioreque, corollae tubo breviore et minus exserto, petalis dimidio brevioribus (3-4 mm longis) atque seminibus asperioribus duplo latioribus (1 mm). Herba perennis, parva, prostrata, succulenta, rubescens, rhizomate tuberiformi praedita, iterum atque iterum dichotome egerminans, tegetes (5-10 cm latas) formare. Rami carnosi, roseo-brunnei, minute papillosi, 1-2 mm lati, ramulis ultimis 10-20 mm expedite disarticulans, sine appendiculatis stipularibus. Folia opposita, perbeviter petiolata, rotunda vel reniformia, plerumque 5-8 mm longa et lata, carnosa, rufoviridia, tenuiter et acute papillosa, super manifeste bullata venis paucis immersis, subter plana vel paulo rugulosa plus minus purpurea, marginibus integris paululum recurvis. Flores breviter pedicellati, in axillis terminalibus bracteae foliaceae, a bracteolis minutis subulatis subtensi; pedicellus crassus, — .1 rnm longus, in calycis-basin (hemisphaericam usque late pyriformem) repente dilatans. Calyx tubulata, rubra, dense * 102 Male Street, Brighton, Vic., 3186. t O. M Chippendale, “ The relic nature of some Central Australian Plants ”, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 86: 31-34 (1963). M uelleria 3 (2): 89-101 (1975). 89 90 J. H. Willis papillosa, 8-9 mm longa; pars basilaris dilatata, cupulata, 2 X 2-3 mm, ovarium inseparabiliter includens, deinde subito contracta et cylindracea, ad anthesin duobus lobis liberis (quoque elliptico 2-3 mm longo). Corolla infundibuliformis, rosea; tubus 5-7 mm longus, ± 1 mm latus; lobi 4, late obovati usque paene rotundi, 3-6 X 2-4 mm, venuste venulosi, arete imbricati, donee plene expandentes. Stamina 4, a corollae-lobis alternantes; filamenta pergracilia, 3-4 mm longa, ad faucem affixa; antherae flavae, versatiles, oblongae vel late ellipticae, 0-7 mm longae. Ovarium dimidio inferius, hemisphaericum, uniloculare, eius superficies paene plana flava multis lineis radialibus indistinctis ornata; stylus pergracilis, 7-9 mm longus, ad apicem in duas superficies stigmaticas laciniato-papillatas divisus; ovula numerosa, late ellipsoidea, prope medium basis affixa. Capsula rubra, 3-4 mm lata ad maturitatem membranacea, supra medium circumscindens; semina ± 8 per capsulam, rotunda vel guttuliformia, lenticularia, 1 mm lata, rufo- brunnea, nitentia sed perminute asperulata. Holotype: Kings Canyon, George Gill Range, Central Aus- tralia, forming scattered rosettes amongst “ buckshot ” gravel over slabs of sandstone rock, above the eastern brink of main falls and pool (24° 16'S, 131° 35'E) — J. H. Willis s.n. 30.vii.1966 (MEL 501441). Isotypes: (MEL 501455, and AD, CANB, NT) . Other Collections Examined: Redbank Gorge, west of Mount Sonder, Central Australia (23° 32'S, 132° 32'E) — R. B. Filson, 14.V.1957 (photo only); Kathleen Gorge, George Gill Range, Central Australia (24° 20'S, 131° 41'E) — H. A. Morrison s.n., 21.vii.1964 (MEL 501442); Bagot Springs, George Gill Range, Central Australia (24° 23'S, 131° 48'E)H. A. Morrison & J. H. Willis s.n. 28.vii.1966 (MEL 501443); Trephina Gorge, E. Macdonnell Ranges, Central Australia, rocky scarps on south side of gorge, ± 5 km north of Ross River road (23° 33'S, 134° 25'E) — J. H. Willis s.n., l.vi.1974 (MEL 501444). Herb small, perennial, prostrate, succulent, reddish, springing from a tuberiform rootstock to 10 mm thick, forming isolated determinate mats 5-10 cm wide, repeatedly and dichotomously branched. Branches fleshy, pinkish-brown, minutely papillose, 1—2 mm wide, the branchlets 5-20 mm long, readily disarticulat- ing at the junctions; stipular appendages absent, the branch-axils quite naked. Leaves opposite, on very short petioles to 1 mm long, rotund to reniform, mostly 5-8 mm long and wide, readily detaching, fleshy, finely and sharply papillose, reddish-green, prominently bullate above with few deeply immersed veins, plane to slightly rugulose on the purplish underside; the entire margins slightly recurved; cotyledons green, elliptical, ± 4-0 X 1*2 mm. Flowers shortly pedicellate, few together in terminal axils of leaf- like bracts, subtended by several subulate bracteoles ±0-5 mm long; pedicel thick, ± 1 mm long, dilating abruptly into the hemi- spherical to broadly pyriform calyx-base which is closely adnate to ovary. Calyx tubular, red, densely papillose, 8-9 mm long, Four New Species of Plants Endemic to Central Australia 91 the dilated basal part cupulate, 2 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, inseparably enclosing ovary, thereafter sharply contracted and cylindrical, with the two lobes free at anthesis (each lobe elliptic, obtuse and 2-3 mm long.) Corolla infundibuliform, rose-pink; tube 5-7 mm long and ± 1 mm wide; lobes 4, broadly obovate to almost rotund, 3-6 X 2-4 mm, delicately veined, tightly imbri- cate until full expansion. Stamens 4, alternating with corolla- lobes and reaching half-way along lobes; filaments very slender, 3-4 mm long, attached at throat; anthers versatile, yellow, oblong to broadly elliptic, 0*7 mm long. Ovary half-inferior, hemispheri- cal, 1-locular, the upper surface almost flat, yellow, with many faint radial striations (as seen after secession of the calyx-tube) ; style very slender, 7-9 mm long, divided at summit into two stigmatic, laciniate-papillate surfaces that form a capitate struc- ture dz 0-6-0 *7 mm wide; ovules numerous, attached near centre of base, broadly ellipsoid. Capsule red, 3-4 mm wide, membran- ous at maturity, circumscissing above the median equator; seeds ± 8 per capsule, 1 mm wide, red-brown, highly lustrous, rotund to pip-shaped, lenticular with narrow flange, minutely roughened with scattered echinulae. This remarkable little plant appears to have closest affinities with Portulaca armitii F. Muell. (1877), described from material collected nearly a century ago in the riverine region of North Queensland; but the two species can be distinguished as follows: Leaves bullate, sharply papillose; pedicels ± 1 mm long; dilated base of calyx 2-3 mm wide; corolla-tube 5-7 mm long, petals 3-6 mm; seeds ± 1 mm wide . . . . . . P. filsonii Leaves non-bullate, not or only obscurely papillose; pedicels 1-3 mm long; dilated base of calyx 1-1-5 mm wide; corolla-tube 8-10 mm long, petals 6-8 mm; seeds ±0-5 mm wide. .P. armitii An exotic species, P. sedoides Welwitsch ex D. Oliver (1868) from Angola, West Africa, also bears some relationship in the tetramerous section Siphonopetalum; but it is a suberect plant with oval or even lanceolate leaves, sessile flowers in leafy cymes and seeds only 3-7 per capsule. In Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 86 : 8 (1963), G. M. Chippendale had recorded two collec- tions of P. filsonii (from Ooraminna and Arltunga) under the name of P. bicolor F. Muell. var. rosea Maiden & Betche. Of the four new species now described, P. filsonii has by far the widest range, extending across the George Gill and Mac- donnell Ranges for at least 331 km between Kings Canyon in the west and Arltunga in the east — with northerly occurrences at Mounts Zeil and Sonder. In all localities it appears to be only very sparsely distributed, the isolated colonies consisting of a few or even single plants. 92 J. H. Willis Plate 4 Portulaca filsonii — Redbank Gorge, Central Australia. Photo. R. B. Filson, 1957. Euphorbia sarcostemmoides (habit) — Ormiston Gorge, Central Australia. Photo. J. H. Willis, 1974. Four New Species of Plants Endemic to Central Australia 93 The author takes great pleasure in bestowing the epithet “ filsonii ” as a well merited tribute to his esteemed friend and colleague, Mr. Rex B. Filson, who was first to discover, gather and photograph this rock-loving species in the western Mac- donnell Ranges, at Redbank Gorge near Mt. Sonder during May 1957. EUPHORBIACE^E Euphorbia sarcostemmoides J. H. Willis, sp. nov. (Sect. Euphorbium. Subsect Tirucalli— fide F. Pax in PflFam., 1896) Forsan proxime accedit E. mauritanicum L. (Africae Australis) qua similis in habitu, amplitudine, atque caulibus nudis, sed manifeste differt: cymis iterum atque iterum dichotomis (haud umbellatis), bracteis floralibus geminatis spathulatis, involucro parviore (2-3 mm lato) glandibus 5 reniformibus percontiguis et lobis involucralibus 5 alternis multo parvioribus fortiter introrsum arcuatis praedito — cf. glandes 5-8 E. mauritanicae quae cum lobis magnis bifidis margine ciliatis alternant. Frutex erectus, glaber, succulentus, caesio-viridans, multo egerminans, 40-150 cm altus. Rami plus minus erecti, alternati, teres, ramulis ultimis 3-5 mm spissis. Folia evidenter absentia (sed fortasse in propaginibus sat juvenilibus praesentia). Inflorescentiae terminates late cymosae, 2-6 cm longae, 3-4 cm latae, quater vel quinter dichotome divisae, quaeque ut videtur unisexualis, ramulis ultimis congestis. Bracteae ad basin pedunculi geminae, breviter spathulatae, erubescentes, 2-4 mm longae, in marginibus interdum obscure crenatae atque in superficie (concava) plus minus hirsutae. Cyathium sat infundibuliforme, 2 -5-3 -5 mm longum et latum, intus breviter pilosum; glandes 5, paene contiguae, flavae vel erubescentes, glabrae, reniformes, plus minus auriculatae, 1-2 mm latae; iobi intervenientes obscuri, intus arcuati perpilosique. Flores staminati numerosi; pedicelli ± 1 mm longi, pallidi, crassi, paxilliformes; filamentum ± 0-6 mm longum; antherae loculi perlate divaricati, pilulares, 0-10-0-25 mm longi et lati. Flos pistillatus usitate solitarius; pedicellus ± 1-5-2 0 mm longus, purpurascens, crassus, a perianthii-disco inchoato terminatus. Ovarium in disco sessile, purpurascens, glabrum, 1-2 mm longum et latum, triloculare et obtuse triangulare, quaeque superficies a costa obscura ornata; styli 3, in columna per 0-5 mm conjuncti, deinde separati divergentes atque decurvati, apicibus obtusis bifidis ± 0-5 mm longis. Capsula olivaceo-rubescens, 5-6 mm diametro, tribus angulis rotundatis, ob pedicellum (3-4 mm longum) procul involucro exserta; semina 3, late oblongo-ellipsoidea, 3 mm longa, laevia, in coloribus cremeis et roseo-brunneis longitudinaliter maculata, funiculo albo perbrevi (0-2 mm) instructa sed sine caruncula. Holotype (with fruits) : Kings Canyon, George Gill Range, Central Australia, localized but abundant among hard lateritized sandstone rocks of the plateau-top above eastern brink of main falls and pool (24° 16'S, 131° 35'E) — J. H. Willis & H Alan Morrison s.n., 30.vii.1966 (MEL 501445-A) . Isotypes: (AD, NT) . 94 J. H. Willis Paratypes (with male flowers) : Ibidem — J. H. Willis & H. Alan Morrison s.n 30. vii. 1966 (MEL 501445-B, MEL 501456, and AD, NT) . Other Collections Examined: Kings Canyon, George Gill Range, Central Australia (24° 16'S, 131° 35'E) — H. Alan Morrison s.n., 2.ix.l967 (MEL 501446, and CANB) ; Ormiston Gorge, Macdonnell Ranges, Central Australia, localized on a south-facing rocky scarp of southern canyon wall (23° 38'S, 132° 44'E) — J. H. Willis s.n., 9.vi.l974 (MEL 501447). Shrub 40-150 cm high, tufted, erect, succulent, glabrous, grey-greenish and much branched. Branches suberect alternate, terete, the ultimate branchlets 3-5 mm thick. Leaves absent! but doubtless produced on very young growth where probably small and somewhat spathulate — as in the persisting bracts of the floral branchlets. Inflorescences each apparently unisexual, terminal, broadly cymose, 2-6 cm long and 3-4 cm wide, dichc^ tomously divided 4-5 times, the ultimate branchlets congested. Bracts in pairs at base of each peduncle, shortly spathulate, red- dish, 2-4 mm long, sometimes obscurely crenate on margin and more or less hairy on the upper (inner) concave surface Cyathium broadly funnel-shaped, 2-5-3 5 mm long and wide shortly hairy inside; glands 5, almost or quite touching each other, yellow to reddish, glabrous, reniform and more or less auriculate, 1-2 mm broad; intervening lobes obscure and inarched, very hairy inside. Staminate flowers numerous on pale, thick, peg-like pedicels ± 1 mm long; filament ±0-6 mm long; anther loculi very widely divergent, pilular, 0-10-0-25 mm long and wide. Pistillate flower usually solitary on a thick purplish pedicel (± 1 -5-2-0 mm) surmounted by a rudimentary perianth-disk. Ovary sessile on disk, purplish, glabrous, 1-2 mm long and wide, 3-locular and bluntly 3-angled with an obscure rib on each face; styles 3, united in a column for 0-5 mm, then free, divergent and decurved, with blunt bifid tips ±0-5 mm long. Capsule olive to reddish, exserted far beyond involucre on a pedicel 3-4 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, with rounded angles; seeds 3, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, 3 mm long, smooth, longitudinally mottled in cream and pinkish-brown, with a very short (0-2 mm) white funicle but no caruncle. This new and rather tall spurge seems to bear little relation- ship to any other species of Euphorbia hitherto described from Australia. As a very succulent, leafless, long-lived perennial, its closest affinity is perhaps to the South African E. mauritanica L. which it certainly resembles in habit, size and leaflessness at the flowering stage; but there are manifest floral differences, viz.: Four New Species of Plants Endemic to Central Australia 95 Cymes repeatedly dichotomous; floral bracts paired, spathulate; involucres 2-3 mm wide; glands 5, reniform, 1-2 mm broad, closely contiguous, alternating with 5 much smaller, entire and strongly inarched involucral lobes E. sarcostemmoides Cymes umbellate; floral bracts about 3, obovate, ciliate; involucres 7-10 mm wide; glands 5-8, sub- rotund, 1-5-2 *5 mm broad, alternating with large bifid lobes having ciliate margins . . . . E. mauritanica Up to the present, the only known occurrences are at the upper part of Kings Canyon, George Gill Range (type locality) , and a much smaller colony on the southern side of Ormiston Gorge, some 126km to the north-east. It is only to be expected that intermediate occurrences, and perhaps others farther afield, still await discovery. The specific epithet is in allusion to the very striking resemb- lance of this plant to erect forms of the widespread caustic-bush, Sarcostemma australe (Asclepiadaceae) , for which it can easily be mistaken at a distance. Ricinocarpos gloria-medii J. H. Willis, sp. nov. Ut videtur ad R. velutinem F. Muell. (Australiae Occidentals intra- terraneae) appropinquat, sed differt: foliis angustioribus (1 -5-2-5 mm latis), inflorescentias excedentibus, eorum, superficiebus perminute stellato-pilosis vel subglabris (non tomentosis) et nervis mediis obscuris ob margines fortiter revolutos; pedicellis longioribus (8-20 mm); staminibus pluribus (± 80); tribus stylis multo brevibus (3-4 mm), extus plus minus tomentosis, quoque paene ad basin scisso; ovario aequabiliter tomentoso a pilus brevibus (minus quam 1 mm, numquam villosis a pilis 2-3 mm longis). Frutex plus minus erectus vel diffusus, ramulosus, 75-200 cm altus, partibus junioribus (et infra folia) dense stellato-pubescentibus. Folia anguste linearia, 30-60 X 1-5-2 -5 mm, ascendentia vel suberecta, in superficiebus minute stellata usque subglabra, pilis non impendentibus (stellis majoribus ±0-1 mm diametro); margines saepe arete revoluti, ita venam mediam obscurantes. Flores pulcher- rimi, pentameri, 3-5 in fasciculis terminalibus, quisque 1-5-2 -5 cm diametro, a foliis floralibus multum exceduntifr. Plantae aut omnino masculinae aut androgynae; flore femineo per inflorescentiam singulare longius pedicellato, floribus 1-4 masculinis brevius pedicellatis circumdato. Pedicelli 8-20 mm longi, ut in calycibus ab indumento stellato pallide brunneo obtecti, primum summam versus pare bracteolarum linearium (3-5 mm longarum) praediti. Calyx florum masculinorum et femineorum 6-8 mm longa, eius lobi imbricati obtusi 3-4 mm lati. Petala 5 alba vel pallide cremea, late oblongo-elliptica, obtusa, omnino glabra, 8-12 mm longa. Stamina ± 80, lutea in columna (5-7 mm alta) dense aggregata; pes androphori robustus, 1-2 mm longus; antherae oblongae, reflexae, ± 0-5 mm longae. Ovarium globulare vel ovoideum, 3-4 mm diametro, dense albo-tomentosum a pilis minus quam 1 mm 96 J. H. Willis longis; styli tres 3-4 mm longi, ligulati, quisque usque ad basin in duobus ramis scissus, extus plus minus albo-tomentosi per dimidium inferius. Fruges et semina non visa. Holotype (with female flowers) : Simpsons Gap, Macdonnell Ranges, Central Australia (23° 41'S, 133° 43'E) — H. Alan Morrison s.n., 19. vi. 1972 (MEL 501448). Isotypes: (NT, AD) . Paratypes (with male flowers only): Ibiden — H. Alan Morrison s.n., 19. vi. 1972 (MEL 501449, and AD, BRI, CANB, NSW, NT, PERTH) . Other Collections Examined (male and/or female) : Simpsons Gap, Macdonnell Ranges, Central Australia, growing on a talus amongst quartzite rocks and boulders, in partial shade against the foot of tall cliffs about 0-5 km east from car park at entrance to Gap (23° 41'S, 133° 43'E)— J. H. Willis s.n . (with H. A. Morrison, A. C. Beauglehole & G. Carr), 15. vi. 1974 (MEL 501450 & 501466, and AD, BRI, CANB, NSW, NT, PERTH, BM, K, L) ; ibidem (male flowers only) — Flora McDonald s.n., 1 6.vii. 1 966 (MEL 501451). Shrub more or less erect or spreading, 75-200 cm high, twiggy, the younger parts (and under-side of leaves) closely stellate-pubescent and hoary. Leaves narrow-linear 30-60 X 1*5-2 *5 mm, their upper surfaces with only minute and non- overlapping stellate hairs (the larger ‘ 0*1 mm in diameter) or almost glabrous, ascending or suberect; margins strongly revolute so as often to obscure the mid-vein. Flowers beautiful and orange-blossom-like, pentamerous, 1*5-2 *5 cm wide when fully expanded, borne in leafy terminal clusters of 3-5 and much exceeded by the floral leaves. Plants either exclusively male or the inflorescence consisting of a single, longer-stalked female flower surrounded by 1-4 shortly pedicellate male flowers. Pedicels 8-20 mm long, covered as is the calyx with a close pale brownish stellate indumentum, at first bearing a pair of linear tomentose bracteoles (3-5 mm long) towards the top. Calyx in both male and female flowers 6-8 mm long, cleft almost to the base into blunt imbricate lobes 3-4 mm wide. Petals 5, white or creamy, glabrous, blunt, broadly oblong- elliptic, 8-12 mm long. Stamens ± 80, pale yellow, in a dense cluster 5—6 mm high, fused at the base on a short stout column (androphore) 1-2 mm long; anthers oblong, reflexed, ±0*5 mm long. Ovary globular-ovoid, 3-4 mm in diameter, uniformly and densely white-tomentose, with hairs less than 1 mm long; styles 3, ligulate, 3-4 mm long, each one split almost to the base into equal arms, the outer surface more or less white-tomentose for up to half or even two-thirds the total length. Mature fruit and seeds not seen. Four New Species of Plants Endemic to Central Australia 97 Plate 5 Ricinocarpos gloria-medii (habit) — Simpsons Gap, Central Australia. Photo. H. A. Morrison, 1974. Ricinocarpos gloria-medii (male flowers) — Simpsons Gap, Central Australia. Photo. H. A. Morrison, 1974. 98 J. H. Willis A most restricted species, the only known colony of which occupies less than one hectare at the top of a steep rocky talus near the southern end of Simpsons Gap — only 22*5 km by road west from Alice Springs. Affinities lie with Ricinocarpos velutinus F. Muell. (1875), from the Watheroo, Irwin River and Lake Deborah areas of Western Australia; but the principal points of distinction from this shrub may be summarized as follows: Leaves mostly less than 3 mm wide, not hoary- tomentose on both sides, the larger stellae on ± glabrescent upper surfaces ±0-1 mm wide; inflorescence far exceeded by the floral leaves; pedicels 8-20 mm long; styles 3-4 mm long, split much more than half-way to base, often woolly externally; ovary with uniform indu- mentum less than 2 mm thick R. g loria-medii Leaves mostly 3-5 mm wide, hoary-tomentose on both surfaces, the smaller stellae to 0-2 mm wide; inflorescence as high as the floral leaves; pedicels less than 10 mm long; styles 4-7 mm long, split about half-way to base, glabrous; ovary tomentose and crowned by dense villous hairs 2-3 mm long R. velutinus Fruiting material remains a desideratum. It is astonishing that a large shrub like R. gloria-medii , so near to Alice Springs and so spectacular when in bloom, should have escaped detection until July 1966. At that time Miss Flora McDonald, while participating in an ornithological excursion to the Simpsons Gap area, casually included a small sprig of male Ricinocarpos flowers among others to be identified by the writer. The snippet evoked immediate interest, as something new to the Centre, but nothing could be done until more adequate material became available for study. In June 1972 Mr. H. Alan Morrison re-located this occurrence, made photographs in situ and brought good material (including the type) back to Mel- bourne. For sheer magnificence, with flowers resembling orange blossom, R. g loria-medii has no rival in the Centralian flora. “ Glory-of-the-Centre ” thus leapt to mind as an appropriate title for inclusion in the binomial here formally adopted. Four New Species of Plants Endemic to Central Australia 99 Plate 6 Ricinocarpos gloria-medii (female flowers) — Simpsons Gap, Central Australia. Photo. H. A. Morrison, 1974. Leucopogon sonderensis — Mount Sonder, Central Australia. Photo. H. A. Morrison, 1966. 100 J. H. Willis EPACRIDACE/E Leucopogon sonderensis J. H. Willis, sp. nov. (Sect. Pleuranthus. Ser. Planifoliae — fide G. Bentham in Flor. Aust., 1869) Ex affinitate L. mitchellii Benth. (quocum olim confusa) sed differt sic: superficiebus foliorum siccorum haud nitidis, bracteis et sepalis manifeste albo-ciliolatis, corollae-tubo quam lobis saltern duplo longiore, ovario 4— loculari (cf. 5-loculari in L. mitchellii) , stylo a pilis minutis sparse obtecto (non glabro), staminum filamentis a corolla liberis non plus quam 1 mm (cf. ±. 2 mm in L. mitchellii) , atque antheris 1- 5-2 0 mm longis. Frutex erectus vel diffusus ramulosus, 150-200 cm altus, ramulis glabris sed sensim pertenuiter canescentibus. Folia late expansa usque subimbricata (in surculis), glabra, 10-15 mm longa et 2-5-40 mm lata, elliptico-lanceolata, ad basin subito contracta in petiolum perbrevem, ad apicem gradatim angustantia in acumen pungentem it 2 mm longum; superficies leniter concava, sine nitore atque perobscure venulosa; folium contra (subter) a venulis 30-40 flabellate expansis tenuiter lineatum, venis 5 majoribus interioribus paene parallelis. Flores pentameri, inter folia superiora collecti, praecipue uno per axillam; pedicellus pubescens, 1-2 mm longus. Calyx sat angusta, 4-5 mm longa, lobis obtusis minute ciliolatis stricte imbricatis, ad basin a bracteis vaginata; bracteae circa 5, perlate ovatae vel rotundae, albo-ciliolatae, pare superiore majore 1-5 mm longo. Corolla albida vel pallide viridis, 7-10 mm longa (quam calyx paene duplo longior); corollae-lobi acuminati, 3 mm longi, intus breviter et sparse albo-hirsuti. Antherae ellipsoideae, it 1 -5-2-0 mm lcngae, subsessiles in summa corollae tubi ex quo protrudentes. Ovarium angustum, ± 3 mm longum, glabrum, quadriloculare; stylus gracilis, sparse pubescens, 5-6 mm longus, stigmate capitato 0-2-0-4 mm lato; ovula 2 per loculum, 2-3 mm longa, Drupa coccinea, nitida, late ovoidea, ±6X5 mm. Holotype: Mt. Sonder, W. Macdonnell Ranges, Central Australia, among rocks near head of long steep gorge, at 1330 m alt. and ± 0-4 km N.N.E. of cairn on summit (23° 34'S, 132° 35'E) — J. H. Willis & H. A. Morrison s.n., 20.vii.1966 (MEL 501453). Isotypes: (MEL 501452, and AD, NT, NSW). Other Collections Examined: At high elevations on Mt. Sonder— R. Tate (Horn Exped.) , June 1894 (MEL 501454). Shrub slender, erect or spreading to 150 or even 200 cm tall, the branches glabrous but faintly canescent. Leaves widely spreading to subimbricate (on younger shoots), glabrous, 10-15 mm long, 2 *5-4-0 mm wide, elliptic-lanceolate (sometimes almost ovate on young shoots) , suddenly contracting at the base into a very short petiole and at the apex tapering into a fine pungent point it 2 mm long; the upper slightly concave surface dull and very faintly nerved, the lower surface finely lined with 30-40 flabellately spreading veins of which the inner major 5 are almost parallel. Flowers pentamerous, concentrated in the upper axils where mostly solitary, on pubescent pedicels 1-2 mm long. Calyx rather narrow, 4-5 mm long, the blunt minutely Four New Species of Plants Endemic to Central Australia 101 ciliolate lobes tightly imbricate, ensheathed at base by about 5 very broadly ovate to rotund and similarly white-ciliolate bracts, of which the much larger upper pair measures 1 -5 mm in length. Corolla pale greenish-white, 7-10 mm long (almost twice the length of calyx) ; corolla-lobes acuminate, 3mm long, on their inner surfaces shortly and sparsely bearded with crinkly white hairs; anthers ellipsoid, 1- 5-2-0 mm long, almost sessile on and slightly protruding from the summit of the corolla-tube. Ovary narrow, 4-locular, ± 3 mm long, glabrous; ovules 2 per loculus, 2-3 mm long; style slender, sparsely pubescent, 5-6 mm long; stigma capitate, 0-2-0 -4 mm wide. Drupe crimson, polished, broadly ovoid, 6x5 mm. It is remarkable that the large Australian heath family, Epacridaceae, should be represented in Central Australia by only a single species, and that one confined to the summit region of Mount Sonder above about 1000 m. Professor Ralph Tate collected the first specimens of it in June 1894, writing on the label “ Styphelia cf. Mitchellii ”, but in his subsequent Report of the Horn Scientific Expedition 3: 177 (1896) he lists the plant as S. mitchellii (Benth.) F. Muell. without question. So it has remained — either as S. mitchellii or Leucopogon mitchellii Benth. until 1972 when G. M. Chippendale, “ Check List of Northern Territory Plants” in Proc. Linn Soc. N.S.W. 96: 211 & 253 (1972), listed this unique epacrid as an undescribed species of Leucopogon. Comparison with a type specimen of L. mitchellii collected by Major T. L. Mitchell “ near Lake Salvator Rosa ” (i.e. ± 119 km southwest of Springsure, in Central Queensland) , has shown that the Mount Sonder entity is not conspecific and requires descrip- tion under a new name. Important differences in the Centralian heath are set out in the following key: Surfaces of dried leaves dull (mat) ; bracts and sepals manifestly white-ciliolate; corolla-tube at least twice as long as the lobes; ovary 4-locular; style sparsely hairy; staminal filaments free from corolla by no more than 1 mm; anthers 1- 5-2-0 mm long L. sonder ensis Surfaces of dried leaves lustrous; bracts and sepals almost or quite non-ciliolate; corolla-tube less than twice the length of lobes; ovary 5-locular; style glabrous; staminal filaments free from corolla for ± 2 mm; anthers to 1-5 mm long L. mitchellii Since this noteworthy shrub is not uncommon in various ravines around the summit area, where endemic, adoption of a geographical epithet is appropriate in the name Leucopogon sonderensis. 116 / 75-3 GREVILLEA WILLISII (PROTEACEAE) A NEW VICTORIAN SPECIES by R. V. Smith* * and D. J. McGillivrayI SUMMARY G. willisii is described, and its affinities with related taxa discussed. Habitat and other notes are given. Grevillea willisii R. V. Smith et D. J. McGillivray, sp. nov. Frutex erectus autem diffusus, 2-5 m altus X 3 m latus. Rami fusco-grisei vel griseo-brunnei; ramuli angulari-rotundati, saturate nigro-grisei, a pilis brevibus cirriformibus atque torquatis dense tomentosi. Laminae foliorum maturorum basin versus contractae, breviter sed anguste cuneatae, petiolis brevibus (3-6 mm longis) praeditae, rigidae, superne laete virentes, subter inter venas primarias dense contexto-tomentosae ob indumentum luteo-griseum usque fuligineum (venis mediis laminae atque loborum primariorum dense vel sparse pilosis ob tomentum laxiorem), lineamento — si lobis absentibus — plus minus ovato, 3-5 cm longae X 2-4 cm latae, profunde pinnatifidae in 3-9 lobos primarios; lobi primarii a simplicibus et oblongo-lanceolatis (vel anguste deltoideis) usque ad ± oblongo- cuneatos et apices versus trilobatos (interdum bilobatos) variantes — si quando trilobatus, lobus primarius infra medium usitate constrictus deinde in partem superiorem trilobatum dilatatus, lobulis ultimis ± triangularibus et ad apices breviter rigide pungentibus; margo folii firme recurvatus vel refractus; venae mediae folii atque eius lobi primarii infra fortiter prominentes, in superficie tenuiter sed clare notatae (praeterea, in superficie vena intramarginalis subtilis est sed ob recurvatum marginis folii aliquantum obscurata); folia juvenilia in superficie fortiter pubescentia (cf. folia veteriora sparse pilosa vel paene glabra). Inflorescentia 2-4 cm longa, dense spicata horizontalis cylindrata vel subsecunda, plerumque ramulum brevem foliatum terminans vel in axillis foliorum superiorum locata; rhachis lanata; bracteae florales breves (1-1*5 mm longae) crassae late ovato-rhomboideae concavae acutae, utrimque dense pilosae. Flores pedicellis dense pilosis brevibus (± 1*5 mm longis) praediti; perianthium plerumque fulvum vel paululum purpureo-brunneum, tamen ad summas laborum saturate purpureo-brunneum, extrinsecus a pilis appressis vel paulo expansis argenteis usque luteo-griseis instructum; tubus perianthii interne glaber, eius parte recta (usque ad summam arci) 4-5 mm longa et limbo 2 mm longo; antherae oblongo-lineares, ±0*5 mm longae; torus paene rectus usque paulo obliquus; glans hypogyna semi-annularis glabra conspicue elevata, eius margine irregulariter lobato vel dentato; stylus 9-11 mm longus, perconspicuus glaber flavidus, parte inferiori plus minus recta sed parte superiori varie curvata vel arcuata, ad anthesin longitudinaliter canaliculatus, ad fructificationem teretior; discus stigmaticus perobliquus margine crenulato, stigmate conum humilem (±0*5 mm altum) ad centrum terminanti; ovarium sessile vel subsessile ± 1 mm longum, a pilis longis erectis argenteo-albis dense obtectum. Fructus immaturi 4-5 mm longi, X 2-3 mm lati, oblique ovoideo- ellipsoidei, extrinsecus a pilis plus minus erectis vel expansis argenteo-griseis usque pallide luteo-griseis dense obtecti, atque vittis t National Herbarium of New South Wales. * National Herbarium of Victoria. Muelleria 3 (2): 102-111 (1975). 102 Grevillea willisii: A New Victorian Species 103 vel lineis distinctis irregularibus longitudinalibus pilorum nigro- purpureorum. Semina immatura 2 per fructum ± 3 mm longa X 1-5 mm lata, elliptica concavo-complanata pallide brunnea, ab ala irregulari sat lata stramineo-lutea et plus minus hyalina instructa. (Latin description based on Holotype) Holotype : VICTORIA : Bundara River Bridge on Omeo Highway, ca. 16 km N.W. of Omeo (direct) , ca. 32 km by road from Omeo (close to 20 mile peg on Omeo Highway) 36° 59'S, 147° 29'E, altitude 645 m, R. V. Smith 66/647 , 2.xii.l966. (Flowering and young fruiting stage). Erect spreading shrub 2*5 m high, and 3 m across. Leaves bright green above, felted grey below. Flowers in horizontal terminal spikes. Corolla pale fawny yellow. Style pale yellow. Young fruit green with dark almost blackish-purple streaks. Growing amongst large granite rocks by side of road close to Bundara Bridge, in association with Eucalyptus dives, E. rubida, etc. (MEL 501409). Isotypes : To be distributed A, B, CANB, K, MEL, NSW. Paratype: Ibidem— R. V. Smith 65/20, 2 Li. 1965. (Mature fruiting stage) . Erect to somewhat decumbent spreading shrubs, 1-3 m highland up to 2-7 m across. Fruits softly pubescent almost sessile, horizontally spreading, yellowish-green with dark purple almost black longitudinal markings and stripes. Growing amongst large granite rock boulders and outcrops above the Bundara River ; in association with Eucalyptus dives and E. rubida, together with Acacia dealbata, Bursaria spinosa, Daviesia latifolia, etc. (MEL 501412). Duplicates to be distributed as above. English Description (Based on R. V. Smith 66/647, R. V. Smith 65/20, together with several other Bundara Bridge specimens, (q.v. under SPECIMENS EXAMINED) : Large spreading shrubs, mostly erect but occasionally decumbent, 1-3 m high, and 2-3 m across. Stems with a flaky dark grey bark. Branches rounded or slightly angled, densely tomentose with short curled and twisted hairs, and varying in colour from pale grey to dark charcoal-grey, or sometimes almost black. (See also under NOTES.) Branchlets and young shoots strongly angular-rounded, varying in colour from dark charcoal-grey to pale grey, light yellowish-grey, light ferruginous or even pinkish-red. Leaves on petioles 2-6 mm long. Young leaves often ferruginous or pinkish-red in colour, densely pubescent on upper surface with short curled and twisted hairs ; intermediate leaves sparsely pubescent above ; mature leaves vary from almost completely glabrous above to very slightly pubescent towards the base, or with scattered hairs elsewhere. Laminae of mature leaves rigid, bright green subshining above, densely felted tomentose beneath in between the main veins with a tomentum of short curled or twisted hairs, varying in colour from whitish-grey to yellowish-grey, 104 R. V. Smith and D. J. McGillivray or charcoal-grey ; main midrib and midveins of primary lobes densely to sparsely hairy with a generally looser tomentum than rest of undersurface. Where tomentum of midrib and other main veins sparse, midrib shows a ± straw coloured top, and narrow bands of green tissue down the sides ; where midrib tomentum dense this is completely masked. Leaves tapering below into a short narrow cuneate base ; laminae ovate in basic outline (outline if lobes not present) ; 3-5 (-6) cm long, 2-4 (-5) cm wide, deeply pinnatifidly lobed into (3-) 5-7 (-9) primary lobes — these varying from a regular arrangement of (1-) 2-3 (-4) pairs of lateral lobes together with a single trifid terminal lobe ; to an irregular arrangement of dz alternately placed lobes. Primary leaf lobes vary from simple oblong-lanceolate or deltoid in shape, to it oblong-cuneate with a trilobed tip — in the latter case the lobes are often constricted below the middle, and widen upwards into the trilobed tip — the ultimate lobes being ±= triangular in shape, and terminating in a short rigid mucronate point. Leaf lobing is often very irregular. Even on one leaf the primary lobes may be entire, bilobed or trilobed ; or again adjacent leaves may show the primary lobes all entire on one leaf, but regularly trilobed on a neighbouring leaf. Primary leaf lobes 1-1-5 (-2) cm long, (3-) 4-6 (-7) mm at narrowest width, and (5mm) 7 mm — 15 mm (-17 mm) at broadest width. Leaf margin strongly recurved or refracted. Main midrib and midveins of primary lobes strongly projecting on lower surface ; midveins of secondary lobes and also a short vein running from junction of midrib and midvein of each primary lobe to base of sinus, clearly visible but not strongly projecting. In addition short lateral veins sometimes faintly discernible. On upper surface main veins clearly but finely marked, and in addition a well defined intra-marginal vein which is often somewhat obscured by the recurvature or refracture of the leaf margin. All other veins obscure on upper surface. Inflorescence a dense cylindric or subsecund horizontal spike (1-) 2-4 (-5) cm long, mostly terminating short leafy shoots or branches, or in the axils of upper leaves, and borne on short stalks 1-5 mm long — in some cases the short flowering shoot bears only several minute incipient leaves or bracts, and then the inflorescence stalk appears longer — varying from 5 mm to 15 mm. Flower spikes range from about 50 to 150 flowers; rhachis densely lanate with irregularly spreading curled or twisted hairs; bracts short broadly ovate to ovate-rhomboid, concave, bluntly pointed to acute, rather thick and rigid, densely hairy on both surfaces, (1-) 1-5 (-2) mm long. Flowers on densely hairy pedicels (1-) 1-5 (-2) mm long. Pedicels generally at least as long as bracts or slightly exceeding them. Perianth hairy outside, pale yellow to tawny or slightly purplish-brown tinged on tube, dark purplish-brown or purple tinged at tip, with appressed hairs slightly spreading at tips, and varying in colour from silvery to pale yellowish grey to purple tinged. Perianth tube glabrous Grevillea willisii: A New Victorian Species 105 Plate 7 ,i«viiied willisii R.V. Smith t D.J. HcGillivttty I V H I OR I \ N.L. ^ . . ;-(i 3? km by road (close to 20 mile peg) Si’S, 147° 29*L. Alt. b45m <2116 feet). < „I1 R.V. Smith, 66/647, 2/12/1966 (V. R.V. Smith 3/9/1974 Erect spreading shrub 2. to high, and 3m across. Leaves bright green above felted grey below, in horizontal terminal spikes. Corolla pale lawny yellow. Style pale vellow. Vouii~frv.itg greenish witFTdark blackish purple streaks, crowing amongst large granite rocks by side of road close to Bundara Bridge, _ in association with E ucalyptus dives , E. rubida , etc. MtLSO l 409 HOLO- TYPE NATIONAL HERBARIUM OF VICTORIA Ho LOT y rr. wirt ■■ ■' »v 1 p . £ ... 0 IVtfiinmivii /I *£ , 3 hf ' 1 " iflYtt WTMNC G*R0€«S ( hatiomal hemw mhbouwc. Mjsrum Holotype of Grevillea willisii — Bundara River Bridge, Victoria. 106 R. V. Smith and D. J. McGillivray inside, in some tawny to purple-brown, in others pale yellowish in upper part, and strongly purple tinged in lower part. Perianth ca. 7 mm long — tube (from base to top of arch) (3-) 4-5 mm long, limb ca. 2 mm long. Anthers linear — oblong, ca. 0-5 mm long. Torus varies from almost straight to slightly oblique. Hypogynous gland semi-annular, glabrous, conspicu- ously raised and with an irregularly lobed or dentate margin. Ovary sessile to subsessile, ca. 1 mm long, densely covered with long straight silvery-white erect hairs. Style 9-11 mm long, very conspicuous, clear pale yellow when fresh, pale yellow to slightly dingy yellow when dry, glabrous, longitudinally grooved in the flowering stage, becoming smoother and more rounded in the fruiting stage; at first strongly arched but straightening out in the lower part with maturity, although generally with the tip remaining bent over or variously curved or twisted. Stigmatic disc [or pollen presenter — a term recently adopted by A. S. George (1974)] ca. 0*7 mm wide, very oblique, with a crenulate margin, and rising in the middle to a prominent low cone ca. 0-5 mm high, at summit of which is the stigmatic area. Cone in some cases rising fairly gently, in others contracting rather suddenly and sharply to the summit. Mature fruits horizontally spreading, obliquely ovoid-ellipsoidal in shape, thinly woody 9-11 mm long X 6-7 mm wide, densely hairy outside with ± straight ascending to quite strongly spreading hairs, varying from pale silvery-grey to yellowish-grey, pale yellow or greenish grey, and with distinct irregular longitudinal streaks or bands of dark purple, purplish-black or very dark brown hairs. Seeds 2 per fruit, 6-8 mm long X 3-4 mm wide, dark brown to almost black, elliptical, compressed, glabrous, very finely wrinkled on the gently convex outer face, and on the =b flattened central part of inner face. In addition, on the inner face there is some- times an elliptical groove or furrow just in from the margin, and occasionally beyond this again a low raised elliptical wall or thickening. Margin of seed thickened, and with a somewhat irregular pale yellow hyaline wing — more apparent in the immature than in the mature seed (in the latter its seems to break down somewhat) . Habitat Notes: (From R. V. Smith field notes 21-224.1965) G. willisii occurs in abundance in the vicinity of the Bundara River Bridge, where it grows among large granite outcrops and boulders, but in a number of different aspects, slopes and plant associations. It occurs on both sides of the river. West side of Bundara River: Growing on steep rocky slopes of easterly aspect about the river, in association with Eucalyptus dives and E. rubida , together with Acacia dealbata, Bursaria spinosa , Daviesia latifolia , and Micrantheum hexandrum. It extends on to the more gentle rocky slopes of northerly aspect, where it grows in association with Eucalyptus dives and E. rubida , together with Brachyloma daphnoides , and Themeda australis. East side of Bundara River: Growing among very large Grevillea willisii: A New Victorian Species 107 Plate 8 TYPE MTU 83TA#'C SttKNS MEIBOORNE. AUSTRALIA M t LS 01412 NATIONAL HERBARIUM OE VICTORIA r,n< rt I • * : ROY At- BOTANIC GARDFNS AND NATION Al HIRBARJUM MII IMH KM VI* TOMA AL'MRAUA Grevillea willisii R.V. Smith 5 — — - b,j, HcGillivTNay toe VICTORIA- M.E. u . , Bu nlara River &ndge on Omec- riigltaiy - - IB' Tan (I'D miles) N?R. of CBieo (direct), ca 32 km by road (close to 26 mile peg), 36 v S9'S, 147° 29’E. Ait- 64&nl (2ilS feet) - Coll R.V. Smith 65/20, 21/1/1965 Dm R.V. Smith 3/9/1974 Erect to somewhat decumbent spreading Now* shrubs l-3m high, and up to 2.7m across. Fruits softly pubescent, almost sessile , horizontally spreading, yellowish- greenish with dark purple almost black longitudiml markings arid stripes. Growing amongst large granite rock bouldei-s and outcrops above the Bundara River m association with Eucalyptus dives and E. rubida , together with Acacia dealbata Htg^gria spinosa , Daviesia latiiolia , et . Paratype of Grevillea willisii — Bundara River Bridge, Victoria. 108 R. V. Smith and D. J. McGillivray granite boulders close to the bridge, in association with Busaria spinosa, Banksia canei and Correa lawrenciana. Further up- stream growing on steep westerly slopes above river among rocky outcrops and boulders, in association with Eucalyptus rubida and E. macrorhyncha, together with Bursaria spinosa, Daviesia latifolia, Tieghemopanax sambucifolius and Correa sp. Extends to the top of the steep rocky slopes above river, and then over on to gentle open slopes beyond into a stand of pure E. rubida, together with Bursaria spinosa, Brachyloma daph- noides and Themeda australis. Occurs also on rocky outcrops of northerly aspect, again in association with Eucalyptus rubida and E. macrorhyncha, together with Bursaria spinosa, Brachy- loma daphnoides, Daviesia latifolia, Acacia buxifolia and Cassinia longifolia. The Bundara River Bridge occurrence of G. willisii appears to be very localised. It was not noted between Anglers Rest and Bundara Bridge. About 0-4-0 -8 km N.W. of Bundara Bridge on Omeo Highway (between 20 and 21 mile pegs) a fairly exten- sive patch of G. willisii was found growing among rock outcrops both above and below the road. Beyond this point on the Omeo Highway no other occurrences were seen. Specimens Examined: Bundara River area: Omeo Highway (Bundarra Bridge), R. A. Black, 10. xi. 1939 (MEL 501460) [Flowering material]; near Omeo at Blue Duck Hotel (Anglers Rest), junction of Bundarrah and Big River, S. M. Fawcett, xi 1944 (MEL 501459) [Flowering material]; at junction of the Bundarrah and Mitta Mitta (or Big) Rivers, H. L Aston 1259, 23.xi 1964 (MEL 501458); Bundarra River Bridge ca. 16 km NW of Omeo, 36° 59'S, 147° 29'E, alt. 645 metres, L. A. S. Johnson 7398 & B. G. Briggs, 20.X.1971. Very spreading, to 3 m tall or more, to almost 3 m in diameter, styles and perianth greenish-cream, on pink granite on slopes near river, in woodland of Eucalyptus rubida and Eucalyptus pauciflora with E. dives, E. macrorhyncha and E. radiata ssp. robertsonii also in the area (NSW) [Flowering material]. Other Localities: Junction of Livingstone Creek and Mitta Mitta River (ca. 16 km north of Omeo). On metamorphic schist (quartzites), on rocky bluff. Altitude 792 m. Straggling shrub 1-2 m high. J. Stirling 112, l.ix.1882 (MEL 501461). [Vege- tative material with very young bud spikes, showing floral bracts, tomentum of lower surface of leaves strongly ferrugin- ous. The collection is interesting as it appears to be the earliest record we have for G. willisii ]; Upper Mitta Mitta Clinton, xii.1923 (FRI 16293); Victorian Alps, R. Tate (undated) (MANCH); Cobungra, H. Morgan, xi.1932 (as Grevillea ramosis- sima Meisn.) [Herb, A. C. Beauglehole, 7385— ex Herb. J. Galbraith]. Grevillea willisii: A New Victorian Species 109 DISCUSSION OF AFFINITIES On Bentham’s classification of Grevillea , G. willisii belongs to the Section Eugrevillea, and to the Series Hebegynae. This series includes a number of prickle lobed or “ holly-leaved ” species — in Victoria G. repens, G. aquifolium , G. ilicifolia, G. steiglitziana, G. dryophylla; and outside Victoria G. acanthifolia and G. bipinnatifida . From all of the abovementioned Victorian species G. willisii differs in having the following characters (1) sessile or sub- sessile ovary (2) pale yellow styles (3) stigmatic disc either round or broadly ovate-oblong in outline (viewed from above) , and rising in the middle to a conspicuous cone which is frequently sharply conic or rostrate-conic (cf. the other species with conspicuously stipitate ovaries, red styles, and with the stigmatic disc elongated longitudinally, varying from ovate to elliptic or elliptic-oblong in general outline, and rising in the middle to a low blunt cone) . The densely packed flower spike with numerous relatively small flowers, deeply pinnatifidly lobed leaves, and the dense felted tomentum of the underside of the leaves are some of the minor characters which further distinguish G. willisii from the other Victorian holly-leaved species. From G. acanthifolia of New South Wales, G. willisii differs in the much smaller flowers, shorter pale yellow styles, smaller floral bracts, sessile to subsessile ovary, the longer and often more sharply conic stigmatic disc (cf. the low blunt cone of G. acanthifolia ), tomentum of perianth limb (short flat lying hairs compared to long spreading hairs in G. acanthifolia) , and in the densely felted undersurface of the leaves (glabrous or nearly so in G. acanthifolia). From G. bipinnatifida of Western Australia G. willisii differs in the short compact inflorescence (long, loose, open and some- what interrupted in G. bipinnatifida) , shorter pedicels, shorter styles, form of stigmatic disc and hypogynous gland, leaf dissec- tion, tomentum, etc. The curious conical stigmatic disc of G. willisii could suggest affinities with the Section Conogyne. This section is character- ized however by a cylindric instead of secund inflorescence, and by the total length of sigmatic disc and cone at least equal to or exceeding the greatest width. (In G. willisii total length of stigmatic disc and cone is generally shorter than the greatest width, or just equal to it, but not exceeding it.) The majority of the Conogyne species are from Western Australia, and com- bine a glabrous stipitate ovary with the lack of a hypogynous gland. Exceptions are the eastern species G. ramosissima and G. triternata with hairy ovaries. From both these species G. willisii can be readily distinguished. G. willisii differs from G. ramosissima in the shorter stigmatic 110 R. V. Smith and D. J. McGillivray cone, glabrous instead of hairy style, short secund instead of narrow cylindric flower spike, leaf shape and lobing, tomentum, etc., and differs from G. trit'ernata in the secund inflorescence, perianth revolute under limb instead of recurved, sessile instead of shortly stipitate ovary, leaf shape and lobing, tomentum, etc G. w illisii shows closest affinities to two undescribed taxa — one from Mount Stradbroke, Eastern Victoria, and the other from the Nunninong Plateau area, Eastern Victoria. These taxa are represented in the National Herbarium, Melbourne by three collections made by J. H. Willis, as follows: — Mount Stradbroke (ca. 16 km north of Wulgulmerang) , far Eastern Victoria. Eastern rocky declivities above Suggan Buggan Valley, at ca. 1220 m elevation. J. H. Willis , 23. ii. 1962 (MEL 501462); Reedy River Valley below Brumby Point, Nun- niong Plateau area, far Eastern Victoria. On quartzite cliff faces at ca. 1037 m altitude. J. H. Willis , 13.xi.1964 (MEL 501463); and Reedy River gorge, Nunniong Plateau area, far Eastern Victoria. Among rocks above river, at ca. 915 m altitude. J. H. Willis , 13. xi. 1964 (MEL 501464 and MEL 501465). The status of these taxa will be decided after field studies, and collection of more adequate material. Briefly, however, the Mount Stradbroke plants differ from G. w illisii principally in the shape and size of the floral bracts; in the relative length of flowering pedicel to bract (in G. willisii the bracts are generally as long as or slightly shorter than the pedicels, whereas in the Mount Stradbroke plant the bracts greatly exceed the pedicels) ; in the strongly and sharply angled upper branches; in leaf shape and lobing; in the predominantly flat lying hairs of stems and leaf midribs; and in the silky hairy vestiture of the inflorescence. The Nunniong plants resemble the Stradbroke plant in leaf shape and lobing, prominently projecting midrib and midveins of main leaf lobes, predominantly flat lying hairs of stems, midribs and flower rhachis, but differs from the Stradbroke plants in the very small readily deciduous bracts which are very much shorter than the flower pedicels. NOTES Grevillea willisii and G. ramosissima: In the past at Melbourne Herbarium several specimens of G. willisii were incorrectly determined as G. ramosissima . These two species differ mark- edly in floral structure. The Victorian form of G. ramosissima (from Pine Mtn.) is readily distinguishable on vegetative char- acters — with its silvery silky undersurface to the leaves, narrow tapering leaf lobes bearing long pungent points, etc. However, some forms of G. ramosissima from New South Wales superfi- cially resemble G. willisii in vegetative characters. These forms have a dense tomentum of curled twisted, often ferruginous, hairs on under surface of leaves. They can, however, neaily always be distinguished by the narrow tapering leaf lobes, the much longer pungent leaf tips, and the longer more narrowly Grevillea willisii: A New Victorian Species 111 tapering leaf base which runs down into narrow decurrent wings almost to the base of the petiole. Grevillea flavistyla: A suggested manuscript name for G. willisii at one stage was G. flavistyla. This name appeared in The Distri- bution of Victorian Plants (D. M. Churchill and A. de Corona, 1972). The name is a nomen nudum. Rock Grevillea: Willis (1972) deals briefly with the present species under G. sp. Vern: Rock Grevillea. Correct Spelling of Bundara: According to the Victorian Place Names Committee the correct spelling is Bundara, and not Bun- darrah or Bundarra. Bundarrah appears on most of the older maps, or occasionally Bundarra. The spelling Bundara is in accordance with the more recent Victorian Department of Crown Lands & Survey maps, and also the Commonwealth 1 : 250,000 Series (1968) — (Tallangatta) . Specimens Examined: The location given above for the S.M. Fawcett collection appears to be slightly misleading, as it suggests that the specimen was collected at or near Anglers Rest. It is almost certain that the collection was made at or near Bundara Bridge — which is close to the junction of the Bundara and the Big River. This is about 1-3 kilometres north of Anglers Rest. After considerable searching around Anglers Rest, R. V. Smith was not able to find G. willisii there, whereas it is abundant at Bundara Bridge. Presence of a micro-lichen: The generally dark grey to blackish colour of the branches is partly due to the presence of dark coloured hairs mixed with the predominantly light greyish white hairs; but is also due to the presence of the black fruiting bodies of a micro-lichen which is present in considerable quantity on both the stems and branches, also on the flowering rhachis, and with scattered occurrences on both the upper and lower leaf surfaces. The new species is dedicated to Dr. J. H. Willis, whose enthusi- asm, industry and skill have greatly enriched our knowledge of the Australian Flora. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors particularly wish to thank Dr. J. H. Willis for his kindness in translating a prepared English version of the description into botanical latin. Also our appreciation to Mr. Rex Filson, National Herbarium of Victoria, for providing the information about the presence of a micro-lichen. REFERENCES Churchill, D. M. & de Corona, A. (1972). The Distribution of Victorian Plants. Dominion Press, North Blackburn, Victoria. George, A. S. (1974). Seven new species of Grevillea from Western Australia. Nuytsia 1 (4) : 370-374. Willis, J. H. (1972). A Handbook to Plants in Victoria 2: 41 (Melbourne University Press). A FRUITING OCCURRENCE OF Bryum algens Card. IN EAST ANTARCTICA by Rex B. Filson* & J. H. WiLList Only about a dozen species of mosses have been recorded from the large eastern sector of Antarctica, the bryophytic flora of which is very much poorer than that of the western Palmer Peninsula (and its adjacent islands) where at least 67 species occur — teste W. C. Steere, 1961. By far the largest genus in the whole antarctic region is Bryum with eleven currently recognized species; five of these are represented in East Antarctica, but up to 1974 no fruiting example had ever been found in this region, although Bryum fruits are well known from the Palmer Peninsula of West Antarctica. * National Herbarium of Victoria t National Herbarium of Victoria (retired) Muelleria 3 ( 2 ): 112-116 ( 1975 ). 112 A Fruiting Occurrence of Bryum Algens 113 During February 1974 abundant and excellent fruits were discovered on a Bryum colony inhabiting rocks on Fold Island, Kemp Land. Fold Island is relatively large and lies to the east of Stefansson Bay, Kemp Land, at 67° 18'S, 59° 23'E. The island is capped by an ice dome which rises to a height of 250 m. Large expanses of rock are exposed along the north and eastern sides, with smaller outcroppings along the southern and western parts of the island. One of us, (R. B. F.) visited this island as a member of the summer 1973-74 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedi- tion (A.N.A.R.E.) survey team. John Manning and Geoff Robinson were already on the island when he arrived and drew his attention to a strange plant that they had found growing in a small valley on the northern side. It proved to be a moss in fruit, and collections were made during a further visit to the area. This Bryum occurred on the western side of a northerly-trending valley. A melt-water stream, fed from a large melt lake, was flowing along the bottom of the valley. The plants covered an area of about 100 m square, and this area was also fed by trick- ling melt-water from a small melt lake in the valley above. Most cushions of moss were sterile; but around the northern side of boulders, where maximum heat from the sun would be con- centrated, abundant fruiting material was present. In most capsules examined, the inner teeth of the peristome had completely disappeared, giving the impression of a single outer peristome. The inner series would appear to be rapidly Fig. 2 . — Bryum algens Card, showing capsules 114 Rex B. Filson and J. H. Willis evanescent, and can only be observed immediately after the operculum falls away. Such a developmental feature may be associated with fructification at the extreme limit of the plants tolerance. This moss is conspecific with populations at and in the vicinity of Mawson (zb 135 km eastward), occurrences of which had been published under the name Bryum antarcticum Hook. f. & Wils. in R. B. Filson’s The Lichens and Mosses of Mac. Robertson Land pp. 147-148, t. 40 (1966). The identification at that time was based on comparable material from Mac. Robertson Land examined and reported on by the late bryological doyen E. B. Bartram of Pennsylvania (U.S.A.) . Recently Dr. Stanley W. Greene (in Birmingham, U.K.), an authority on Antarctic mosses, has inspected a sample of the fruiting material from Fold Island and he comments thus (by letter, 17. v. 1974): “ I can confirm that it is Bryum algens Card. There is no ambiguity about the determination, as the characteristic bracts are present with the excurrent nerve Dixon and Bartram confused this plant with Bryum antarcticum, a totally different species which is morphologically completely distinct from B. algens and, indeed, from all other Bryums that I know . . . The plant [B. algens] fruits very well along the west coast of the peninsula [i. e. Palmer] as far as Marguerite Bay, but 1 have never seen it in this state in any other collections which I have examined. Your specimen is, therefore, very noteworthy.” Apparently Dixon and Bartram are not the only ones to have been confused by these two Antarctic species of Bryum. Under the original description of B. algens , (type from Granite Harbour in Victoria Land), in Nat. Antarct. Exped. 5 (1907), J. Cardot compares it with his own two previously listed species, B. gerlachei and B. inconnexum, but makes no mention of any affinities with the earliest-described species of the region, B. antarcticum Hook. f. & Wils. (1847) — type from Cockburn Island in Cockburn Sound, far southern Chile. H. T. Clifford in “New Records for Antarctic Mosses,” Aust. J. Sci. 20: 115 (1957) states that he has seen specimens named by Cardot and that B. algens is conspecific with B. antarcticum. William C. Steere, in his “ Preliminary Review of the Bryophytes of Antarc- tica ”, Nat. Acad. Sci. (Nat. Res. Council ) Publ. 839: 25-26 (1961), accepts both species as distinct, but synonymizes three other of Cardot’s binomials (B. austropolare, B. gerlachei and B. inconnexum ) under B. algens. Finally, Stanley W. Greene in “ Studies in Antarctic Bryology I — A basic check list for mosses”, Rev. Bryol. 36: 135 (1968), accepts B. inconnexum Card, (and its variety tomentosum Card.) as distinct from both B. algens and B. antarcticum. According to Steere, B. algens and B. antarcticum are co-extensive on the Danco Coast of A Fruiting Occurrence of Bryum Algens 115 Fig. 3.— Bryum algens Card, a— Mature capsules ‘ in situ centre capsule has damaged peristome teeth; b — young capsule; c — calyptra ' in situ ’; d — (Part of) peristome showing persistent outer and fragile disintegrating inner, teeth; e — leaf; f — areolation in the upper part of the leaf; g — tip of leaf showing excurrent nerve; h & i — areolation in the middle and lower parts of the leaf, (all drawings from R. Filson 14996.) 116 A Fruiting Occurrence of Bryum Algens Palmer Peninsula and at McMurdo Strait (or Sound) , Victoria Land; otherwise B. antarcticum is listed from a wide range of localities — in Melchior Archipelago, Marie Byrd Land, Adelie Land, Queen Mary Land, Emperor Wilhelm II Land and Mac. Robertson Land. Certainly, there seems little to choose between W. Fitch’s original figure of B. antarcticum (type), in Flora Antarctica 2: t. 153 fig. vi (1847), and J. Cardot’s better drawings of B. algens (type) the most obvious vegetative differences between these two species seem to be the excurrent nerve and much smaller more numerous cells in upper leaves of B. algens — nerves of B. antarcticum do not extend into their leaf-apices. In deference to Dr. Greene’s modern researches on Antarctic mosses, we now prefer to adopt the name Bryum algens for the only species of the genus currently known from Mac. Robertson Land and Kemp Land. It is obvious that all collections from the Antarctic continent (including Palmer Peninsula), hitherto assigned to B. antarcticum , need to be critically re-examined — probably most (or perhaps all) will prove referable to the widespread B. algens. An excellent photograph (by N. J. Collins) of the large, cushion-forming growth of B. algens from Signy Island, South Orkneys, appears in a paper on water relations of mosses by C. H. Gimingham & R. I. L. Smith, Br. Antarct. Surv. Bull 25: 9 (1971). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks are due to the following: — Dr. George Scott (Monash University) who read the original manuscript very critically and made many valuable suggestions for its improve- ment; Dr. Stanley Greene (British Antarctic Survey) for identifying this moss; Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition for making possible the visit to Fold Island; Depart- ment of Crown Lands and Survey, Melbourne, for secondment to the expedition as official duty; and John Manning (Division of National Mapping) for assistance with locality maps. STUDIES IN ANTARCTIC LICHENS III: Notes on Rinodina olivaceobrunnea Dodge & Baker, from the Antarctic and moss-inhabiting species of Rinodina from other parts of the world. by Rex B. Filson* ABSTRACT In a previous paper (Filson 1966: 42) the author referred all the Antarctic moss-inhabiting Rinodina to the one species, Rinodina archaeoides H. Magn. In the present paper the author examines several moss-inhabiting Rinodina species from the Northern Hemisphere and concludes that the Arctic species R. archaeoides is in fact a synonym of the Antarctic species, R. olivaceobrunnea. INTRODUCTION In the course of investigation into the correct nomenclature for a species of Rinodina to be distributed in exsiccata, the author examined several moss-inhabiting species from the Northern Hemisphere. The type specimen of Rinodina archaeoides H. Magn. and specimens of R. archaea (Ach.) Arn., R. mniareae (Ach.) Korb. and R. turfaceae (Wahlenb.) Korb. were borrowed from the Botanical Museum, Stockholm. These samples were compared with an authentic specimen of R. olivaceobrunnea Dodge & Baker, borrowed from Prof. C. W. Dodge. DISCUSSION Rinodina archaea (Ach.) Arn. in Flora 64: 195 (1881), was found to occur mostly on bark. The thallus is thinly effused over the substrate, pale brown. Hypothallus thin, dendritic, blackish-brown. Apothecia 0*3 — 0*5 ^m diam., brown, disk darker than the margin. Ascospores, 21 X 13 ^m have thin walls and septa; the ends are somewhat pointed. Specimens Examined: Undersaker, Ristafallet, Jamtland, Sweden, G. O. Malme, 1 7.vii. 1910. Siberia, Yeniseysk, Tolstoi, M. Brenner 431e, 27.viii.1876. Siberia, Yeniseysk, Nazimovo, M. Brenner 1021g, 28.viii.1896. * National Herbarium of Victoria Muelleria 3 (2): 117-121 (1975). 117 118 Rex B. Filson (XXH Expeditio suecica ad Jcniscj flutncn a. 1876. . Zt M / f.uv. Jenisejsk: Tolstoj not. lot. bjr. 70 10 . *''/* Id7b. •■/’(»/ 4- leg. M. Brenner. del. A H. Mi|Nutsan. iJt*- Fig. 1. — a — Rinodina arcliaea (Ach.) Arn. on bark; b — section through apothecium, scale = 10 m«; c — hymenium and ascospores, scale = 10 m, a- Rinodina mniareae (Ach.) Korb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 123 (1855). This is a very robust species with a thick dark brown thallus. Apothecia large, up to 1 -5mm diam., strongly convexed to hemis- pheric with a thin margin. Hypothecium pale brown, medulla dark brown to blackish-brown. Ascospores large 36 X 15 ^m with thick walls and septum. The apical wall thickened to form an inward dimple at each end into the cells. Differs from R. i 1 Fig. 2 . — Rinodina mniareae (Ach.) Korb. a — section through apothecium. scale = 50 ni/j.. b — asci and ascospores, scale = 50 mu- Studies in Antarctic Lichens III 119 turfaceae and R. olivaceobrunnea in the convexed to hemispheric apothecia and the blackish-brown medulla. Specimen Examined: Bjornoya, Nordhamna, Kulbukta, Th. M. Fries , 27.vii.1868. Rinodina turfaceae (Wahlenb) . Korb. Syst. Lich. Germ . 123. (1855) . This species has large flat to slightly concave apothecia, up to 1-5 (—2-0) mm diam. Hypothecium and medulla pale brown almost hyaline. Ascospores large, 25 — 30 X 10 — 11 , jli n, walls and septum thick, apical wall thickened to form a dimple. This species is very similar to R. olivaceobrunnea differing from it in the larger apothecia and the flat to concave disk, narrow crenulate margin and the larger ascospores. u- ^nodina turfaceae (Wahlenb.) Korb. a — section through apothecium, scale' = 50 mu' b — hymenium and ascospores, scale = 50 niu- Specimens Examined: Novaya Zemlya, Belusha Bay, Matoschkin, B. Lynge, 1 9.viii. 192 1 . Sweden, Torne Lappmark, par Jukkasjarvi, Ortovaare, Erik P. Vrang, Juli 1927. Sweden, Torne Lappmark, par Jukkasjarvi Abiskojokk, A. H. Magnusson, 28.vii.1921. Jamtland, Undersaker, Vallista, G. O. Malme, 15. vi. 1914. Sweden, Uppland, T. E. Hasselrot, 12. ii. 1947. Rinodina olivaceobrunnea Dodge & Baker in Annals Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 659 (1938). Rinodina archaeoides H. Magn. Acta Horti Gotoburg. 17: 278 (1947). The thallus is thinly effused over the leaves and stems of mosses. Apothecia small up to 0-9mm diam., disc slightly concave to convex. Hypothecium and medulla pale brown to hyaline. Ascospores 16 — 21 X 8 9 ^m, walls and septum thick, apical wall thickened to form a dimple. This species can be confused with R. turfaceae from which it differs in the smaller slightly convexed apothecium, more prominent plane margin and the smaller ascospores. As Rinodina olivaceobrunnea Dodge & Baker was published in 1938 120 Rex B. Filson and Rinodina archaeoides in 1947 the former name must take precedence and the latter be placed in synonomy with it. Specimens Examined: R. olivaceobrunnea, Marie Byrd Land, Mt Rea-Cooper, Siple & Corey R2 (authentic specimen from C. W. Dodge) . R. archaeoides, Italy, Lombardia, Livigno, det. t A. H. Magnusson 1 9 fu COLL. OR 60. RINODINA MNIAR/RA (Aeh.I var. oica Tb. Fr. f. minnta Anzi. vl grimmiam funaiom vertentam molem irraaiticam erratioam juxia nemw RnteUo Livtgno m alpibus Rh.c'uis: 1900 m. circiter Fig. 4. — a — Type specimen of Rinodina archaeoides H. Magn.; b — section through apothecium of (a), scale = 10 mu', c — hymenium and spores from (h), scale 10 mu', d — section through apothecium of Rinodina archaeoides from Bjorndya, scale — 10 my.; e — hymenium and ascospores from (*/), scale = 10 mu. Studies in Antarctic Lichens III 121 Anzi 460 (Coll. Orig.). Torne Lappmark: Jukkasjarvi, Koppa- rasen, A. H. Magnusson, l.viii.1921. Novaya Zemlya, Belusha Bay, Matoschkin, B. Lynge, 19.vii.1921. Bjornoya, Mt. Misery, Th. M. Fries, 27.vii.1868. Bjornoya, Nordhamna, Kulbukta, Th. M. Fries, 27.vii.1868. Fig. 5. — a — Authenticated specimen of Rinodina olivaceobrunnea Dodge & Baker; b — hyme- nium and ascospores from (a), scale = 10 m/x- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank the Director, Botanical Museum, Stockholm, for the loan of specimens including the type specimen of Rinodina archaeoides H. Magn. and Prof. C. W. Dodge for the loan of an authentic specimen of Rinodina olivaceobrunnea Dodge & Baker. REFERENCES Dodge, C. W. & Baker, G. E. (1938). — Lichens and Lichen Parasites. Annals Miss. Bot. Gard. 25 : 515-727. Filson, R. B. (1966) — The Lichens and mosses of Mac.Robertson Land. AN ARE Sci. Rep. Ser. B (II) Bot. 82: 1-169. Magnusson, A. H. (1947). — Studies in non-saxicolous species of Rinodina mainly from Europe and Siberia. Acta Horti Gotohurg. 17 : 191-338. TRACHYCARPIDIUM IN QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA by Ilma G. Stone* INTRODUCTION A moss collected from Enoggera Creek, The Gap, near Brisbane S. T. Blake 22983 August 1968 (BRI 082325), labelled Nanomitrium was found to be a trichostomoid moss which keyed to the genus Trachycarpidium in Brotherus (1924). Additional gatherings were made in the same area by the author in August 1969 (Stone 4719 & 4720). The moss grew on a steep earth bank associated with Ephemerum fimbriatum , a small Physcomitrium species and other small earth mosses. Trachycarpidium is a small genus of terrestrial mosses with a copious persistent green protonema, strong red-brown rhizoids and a very short stem. The leave are Weissia-like , slightly tortuous when dry, with mostly plane margins. The almost ses- sile, cleistocarpous, sub-globose, apiculate capsule has no columella and pale yellow exothecial cells, some of which are verrucose; the calyptra is short conic-campanulate. The Enoggera Creek moss was at first thought to be a new species but a search of the literature revealed its connection with Astomum brisbanicum (C. Muell.) Broth. Although it has not been possible to obtain the Type of A. brisbanicum (which is missing from Herb. MEL) , the very comprehensive type de- scription (Mueller 1871) and the redescription with figures by Roth (1911) apply so well in almost all details to the present moss that it is virtually certain they are conspecific. Both mosses were found in the Brisbane area; A. brisbanicum near the Brisbane River by Amalie Dietrich in 1864, and the recent speci- mens on the bank of a tributary of that river more than 100 years later. The following change in nomenclature is proposed: Trachycarpidium brisbanicum (C. Muell.) Stone comb. nov. Basionym: Acaulon ( Pycnocaulon ) brisbanicum C. Muell. Musci Australici praesertim Brisbanici novi. Linnaea 37: 144, 1871. Synonym: Astomum brisbanicum (C. Muell.) Broth. 1901. Plants very small, pale green, scattered or grouped very closely, surrounded by a persistent copiously branched green protonema and with a robust red-brown rhizoidal system from the base of the stem (Fig. la, b) . In older plants one or two new fertile shoots may arise from below the vaginula, some- times, if not always, from a very short thick dark brown rhizoid- * Botany School, University of Melbourne Muelleria 3 (2): 122-129 (1975). 122 Trachyco.rpidium in Queensland, Australia 123 124 lima G. Stone like cell rather than directly from the stem as in Archidium (Stone 1973). Stems less than 0-5mm high with few leaves, mostly less than twelve to a plant, crowded at the apex; the very short ovate outer leaves ca 100-200 /xm, the narrowly lanceolate inter- mediate ones ca 0-8-1 -3 mm and the long narrow inner leaves (perichaetial) ca 1- 5-2-0 mm long (Fig. 1 c-e) . Leaves often erecto-patent at the base, but spreading, squarrose or decurved above; or spreading from the base; mostly sub-flexuose when dry. Lamina flat above a concave base, or in mid-leaf inflexed, often more noticeably on one side; margins usually entire and plane or slightly undulate, sometimes inrolled a little where the lamina is inflexed. Nerve strong, ca 50-60 /xm wide in mid-leaf, ca 30 /xm above, percurrent in outer leaves to excurrent in a cusp in the inner leaves, often very weak at the insertion, smooth and not covered by lamina cells; in transverse section with adaxial and abaxial stereid bands enclosing 2-4 larger (deuter) cells (Fig. lg-j). Cells of the basal part of the leaf smooth, thin- walled, clear, ca 9-12 /xm wide and 2-4 X 1 (a few inner cells near the insertion sometimes 15-20 wide) ; thicker-walled in the transition zone and in the upper part of the leaf narrower ca 7-10 ^m, shorter 1-1-5 X 1, papillose, often with rounded corners, and very chlorophyllose (Fig. 1 f, k-m, Plate 1 A) . The clear cells extend from below further up the margin than adjacent to the nerve (Fig. Id), as in Tortella, a feature evident also in the other species as noted by Dixon (1942). Seta extremely short, ca 50 /xm; vaginula short and ovate or obovate; capsule cleistocarpous, sub-globose, ca 350 /xm diameter, with a blunt beak (Fig. 2b) ; capsule wall pale yellow with an irregularly blistered appearance caused by patches of protuberant exothecial cells, or almost smooth (Fig. 2c-e) . The capsule wall is three to four cells thick and no columella was observed within the spore sac, but may well be present in very young capsules. Calyptra small, conical above, flaring at the base, slightly crenate on the margin and with a short split; covering little more than the beak of the capsule (Fig. 2a). Spores brown, warty papillose (Plate IB), variable in size within individual capsules and also between specimens, 16-25 /xm. The tiny male plant arises near the base of the female game- tophore, probably from the same rhizoidal system; up to 1-0 mm high with copious green protonema and strong rhizoids like the female plant, but fewer shorter leaves and about four short ellipsoidal antheridia; paraphyses very rare, a short filament of narrow cells. Female plants usually with ca 4 archagonia, the aborted ones persisting at the base of the vaginula; no para- physes seen. This description is based on specimens I. G. Stone 4719 and 4720 in herbaria MEL, MELU, and of the author. 200 Trachycarpidium in Queensland, Australia 125 100 Fig. 2. — a. — e. — Trachycarpidium brishanicum; f, g. — T. verrucosum; h. — T. echinatum; i, j. — • T. tisserantii; a. — calyptra; b. — immature capsule showing irregular surface, stomata at the base, short foot; c-h. — exothecial cells showing different degrees of verrucosity; c. — surface view with patches of verrucose cells; d. — profile; e. — transverse section of capsule wall; f-h. — profile; i. — capsule and calyptra; j. — tip of calyptra in (/) enlarged, va, top of vaginula, ft, foot, sp, spore. All dimensions in p,m. Drawings made from specimens cleared in lactic acid and mounted on a slide. 126 lima G. Stone COMPARISON OF SPECIES Trachycarpidium is an interesting genus which, until recently was believed to consist of four species. Trachycarpidium ver- rucosum (Besch.) Broth., on which the genus was based was collected in New Caledonia, T. tisserantii Dix. et P. Vard. from Africa, T. echinatum Dix. from New Guinea, and T. novae- valesiae Broth, ex Roth, from New South Wales, Australia. T. novae-valesiae was recently shown to belong to the monotypic genus Bryobartramia (Stone and Scott 1973). The present species, T. brisbanicum, restores the generic name to the Aus- tralian moss flora and once more raises the number of species in the genus to four. In part of the type of Trachycarpidium verrucosum (Besch.) Broth. New Caledonia, Balansa No. 2550, 1869, borrowed from the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), the plants with capsules were found to be Phasconica balansae C. Muell. The types of Trachycarpidium verrucosum, New Caledonia, Balansa 2550; T. tisserantii West Africa and Uganda, R. P. V. 2841 and Dix. 4080; and T. echinatum, Papua and New Guinea, were examined in the British Museum. The three samples of T. verrucosum in the British Museum again proved to be mixtures and the second species in each case was Phasconica balansae (a note to this effect was added in the type folder) . Both mosses are very small and superficially similar but sufficiently distinct with dissection and microscopic examination. There is no doubt that Dixon was confused by the mixture of the Phasconica with T. verrucosum in his comparison with T. tisserantii for in his 1920 notes he wrote of the “ deo- perculate capsules ” of T. verrucosum. Dixon (1942) noted that “ all the species are very much alike and possibly races of a single species, but they differ in some slight respects ”. While T. novae-valesiae (now Bryobartramia ) shows some major differences, T. brisbanicum could be included in this statement. Trachycarpidium brisbanicum is very similar to the other three species in both gametophytic and sporophytic features, the main difference being in the less conspicuous ver- rucosity of the exothecial cells. There is a difference in the verrucosity of the capsule wall in each of the species (Fig. 2c — i). Trachycarpidium brisbanicum has some irregularly devel- oped pustular exothecial cells and though much less conspicuous than in the other three species they are sufficiently developed to indicate the relationship. In T. verrucosum and T. echinatum the pustular cells are also irregularly developed but to a lesser extent. In T. verrucosum the exothecial cells are not all protu- berant and there is variation in the height of the bulge. In T. T r achy car pidium in Queensland, Australia 127 Plate 9 Trachvcar pidium brisbanicum. A. — Upper leaf cells. Scanning electron micrograph of surface papillae (shrinkage of specimen has occurred). Papillae mostly branched, sometimes simple. X ca 2880. B. — Spore. Scanning electron micrograph of surface papillae. X ca 6600. 128 lima G. Stone tisserantii the cells are domed and very regular, practically every exothecial cell being involved, whereas in T. echinatum patches of cells are highly verrucose and almost pointed. The calyptra is similar in those species where it has been seen. Potier de la Varde (1927) remarked on the early loss of the calyptra and on his inability to find one in T. tisserantii. However in the specimens at the British Museum calyptras were seen and were essentially similar to those of T. brisbanicum, usually slightly rough with protruding cells (Fig. 2 i, j). Neither Bescherelle (1873) nor Brotherus (1924) mention the calyptra of T. verrucosum but C. Mueller (1901) described it as “ bell- shaped, very similar to some Sporledera spp., covered with coarse warts Dixon (1942) did not mention the calyptra of T. echinatum. In T. brisbanicum the perichaetial leaves are longer in propor- tion to their width compared with the other species, and the spores are smaller, 16-25 ^m compared with 25-40 ^m. Both Bescherelle and Brotherus described the leaf margin of T. ver- rucosum as recurved in mid-leaf; however, the type specimens which I examined showed the margin, where it was not plane, to be slightly inrolled, as in T. brisbanicum. In the original description of Acaulon brisbanicum by Mueller (1871) no mention was made of the unusual exothecial cells but this is understandable as they are not always well-developed and are scarcely noticeable in some capsules; in all other features the description fits the Enoggera Ck. specimens. However Mueller (1901) recognised the relationship between verrucosum and brisbanicum when he grouped them both as species of the genus Acaulon section Pycnocaulon, together with Acaulon lorentzii C. Muell. from South America. Roth (1911) noted the close resemblance between Astomum brisbanicum (C. Muell.) Broth, and A. lonchophyllum Roth and grouped these two, together with Astomum lorentzii (C. Muell.) Broth, in the subgenus Pycnocaulon of the genus Astomum. It is probable that the two latter species also belong to Trachy - carpidium. The genus Trachy carpidium is closely related to Astomum having many similar features, particularly in the leaves, and may eventually come to be included in Weissia, sub-genus Astomum as have both Astomum and Phasconica by Crundwell and Nyholm (1972). However, until further knowledge of the variability of this curious genus has been obtained and experimental work done it seems best to group these four clearly related species together in Trachycarpidium. T r achy car pidium in Queensland, Australia 129 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Mr. R. Ward, University of Melbourne for the Scanning electron micrographs, Dr. H. J. Swart, University of Melbourne and Dr. G. A. M. Scott, Monash University for help with translations. I am grateful to the Directors of the following institutions for providing me with access to specimens from their collections: the British Museum (Natural History) , the Botanic Museum and Herbarium, Brisbane, the National Herbarium, Melbourne, the Botanical Museum, Helsinki, and the Musee National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. REFERENCES Bescherelle, E. (1873). — Florule Bryologique de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser 5. 18 : 184-245. Brotherus, V. F. (1924). — Musci (Laubmoose). In Engler, A., and Prantl, K., “ Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien ”. Aufl. 2, 10. Leipzig. Crundwell, A. C. and Nyholm, Elsa (1972). — A revision of Weissia, subgenus Astomum 1. The European species. Jour. Bryol. 7: 7-19. Dixon, H. N. (1942). — Papuan Mosses. Jour, of Bot. 80 : 6. Mueller, C. (1871). — Musci Australici praesertim Brisbanici novi. Linnaea 37 : 143-162. Mueller, C. (1901). — “Genera Muscorum Frondosorum.” Potier de la Varde, R. (1927). — Mousses de L’Oubangui. Archives de Botanique T. 1: (Mem 3) 43-47. Roth, G. (1911). — “Die aussereuropaischen Laubmoose” Band 1. (Heinrich: Dresden) . Stone, lima G. (1973). — Two new species of Archidium from Victoria, Aus- tralia. Muelleria 2 : 191-213. Stone, lima G. and Scott, G. A. M. (1973). — Name changes in Australian mosses. Jour. Bryol. 7 : 603-605. STUDIES IN ANTARCTIC LICHENS IV: Notes on Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. by Rex B. Filson* SUMMARY The occurrence of Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. in Antarctica is confirmed. On the basis of thallus morphology Umbilicaria spongiosa Dodge & Baker and Umbilicaria antarctica var. subvirginis Frey & Lamb are proposed as synonyms of Umbilicaria aprina. INTRODUCTION Previously the author referred all of the rhizinate Umbilicaria specimens from Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica to Omphalo- discus antarcticus (Frey & Lamb) Llano. (Filson 1966:59). Kashiwadani (1970) and Lindsay and Brook (1971) have similarly referred rhizinate Umbilicaria specimens from other regions in Antarctica to O. antarcticus. Lindsay (1972) suggested that two species were involved; Umbilicaria antarctica from the Antarctic Islands and Peninsula region, and U. aprina , a Northern Hemisphere species on the Antarctic Continent. This present study supports this suggestion confirming the presence of U. aprina in mainland Antarctica. DISCUSSION Llano in his treatment of Umbilicaria (Omphalodiscus) antarctica (1950: 76-78) clearly had not seen the type specimen of this species, stating that he had not seen fertile specimens. The description he gave for U. antarctica Frey & Lamb, was very similar to that of U. spongiosa Dodge & Baker and it seems certain that he was confused as to the identity of U. antarctica. This confusion led to Filson (1966:60) placing all of the rhizinate Umbilicaria material from Mac. Robertson Land under O. antarcticus. The author has recently examined the type specimen of U. antarctica (figs. 3 & 4) and considers it to be significantly differ- ent from other rhizinate Umbilicaria specimens found on mainland Antarctica. The specimen is large, 16 cm wide on its widest axis, upper surface light buff, browning towards the margins, smooth, not at all rugulose hardly even wrinkled, margins deeply lacerate. Lower surface is sooty black with a dense coverage ot rhizines around the margins extending inwards for 4—5 cm, zone around the umbilicus bare. Rhizines variable, thin or truck, terete or flattened, simple or branched, black at the base, pale towards the tips. * National Herbarium of Victoria M uelleria 3 (2): 130-140 (1975). 130 Studies in Antarctic Lichens IV 131 This specimen is the largest, smooth surfaced sample that the author has seen. Although there are no habitat details available it is possible that the specimen may have been collected from a very sheltered environment. Many small pale coloured and smooth surfaced rhizinate Umbilicaria specimens from Mac. Robertson Land are similar in thallus morphology. Umbilicaria antarctica var. subvirginis Frey & Lamb (fig. 6a) is very similar to most rhizinate Umbilicariaceae found on main- land Antarctica. Dodge (1948: 148) confirmed this by placing the variety subvirginis Frey & Lamb as a variety of U. spongiosa Dodge & Baker. Llano (1950: 93) suggested that despite some morphological and anatomical differences the var. subvirginis was not distinct and should merely be treated as a synonym of Umbilicaria ( Omphalodiscus ) spongiosa. Dodge (1973: 124) apparently still considers it to warrant separation and made the new combination O. spongiosa var. subvirginis (Frey & Lamb). This author has examined both the type of Umbilicaria antarctica var. subvirginis from Cape Sastrugi, Evans Cove, Victoria Land, (74° 59'S., 163° 47'E.) and a portion of the type of Umbilicaria spongiosa from Lichen Peak, Marie Byrd Land, (76° 55'S., 145° 20'W.) and considers them to be the same taxon. Lindsay (1972: 14) suggested that U. spongiosa was very similar to Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. The type specimen of U. aprina, from Dedschen Mountains, Abysinnia (Nylander 31742) and several recent collections from Iceland have been examined. A comparison of these specimens with the type specimens of U. antarctica var. subvirginis and U. spongiosa and all the recent collections of rhizinate Umbilicaria from Antarctica and housed in the National Herbarium, Melbourne, suggested that they were conspecific. The holotype of U. aprina consists of two large and two smaller fragments, (see fig. la) the two larger fragments being dissimilar. On one fragment (fig. la (i) ) the upper surface (fig. 7a) is smooth and rugulose, warm brown to buff, the lower surface (fig. 7d) is black, not very rhizinate, rhizines thick terete or flattened, simple or branched, mostly black with pale tips. This fragment corresponds closely to U. spongiosa. On the second fragment (fig. la (ii)) the upper surface is warm brown to buff and smoother and less rugulose. The lower surface of this fragment (fig. 7b) is black, densely rhizinate, rhizines simple or branched, terete, black at the base but mostly pale. This frag- ment corresponds closely to specimens of U. aprina collected in Iceland (fig. 2) . One sample of U. aprina collected at HerSubreSarlinder, Central Highlands, Iceland, contained six lichen thalli of which four are illustrated (fig. 2) . These specimens vary considerably in their surface texture and rugosity; some being rugulose around the umbo and quite smooth towards the margins (fig. 132 Rex B. Filson 7c) , while others are rugulose to the margins (fig. 7e) . The colour of the upper surface varies from light grey to pale brownish grey. The lower surface (fig. 7f) is mostly sooty black and the degree to which it is covered with rhizinae varies from complete coverage to having a wide bare zone for some distance out from the umbilicus. In Antarctica under some conditions U. spongiosa forms tightly compressed thalli with ascending margins (fig. 6c) . These thalli have in the past been mistakenly referred to var. sub- virginis. This same tightly compressed form also occurs in Iceland (fig. 6b). There seems no reason to apply sub specific rank to such forms caused by environmental conditions. From the fragment of the type specimen of U. spongiosa (fig. 5a) it appears that this is a very old and weathered sample. The upper surface (fig. 8a) is very rugulose, warm brown to buff, with a thick amorphous layer. The lower surface (fig. 8b) is densely rhizinate, rhizines simple or branched, terete or flattened, black at the base but mostly pale. This sample com- pares favourably with other old weathered specimens collected in Mac. Robertson Land by the author (Filson 4455 fig. 5d) . The present study has indicated that U. aprina, U. spongiosa and U. antarctica var. subvirginis are conspecific. It is evident that U. antarctica will have to be examined more carefully in the field in order to clarify its taxonomic relationship since the type from Signey Island, South Orkneys (60 43'S., 45 38 W.) appears quite different to any other specimens seen by the present author. Lindsay (1974, pers. comm.) stated that. “ The type of Umbilicaria antarctica in BM is a large, well-developed specimen and in some ways, e.g. colour of the dorsal surface, colour and development of rhizinae on ventral surface, is not typical of much of of the material of U. antarctica I saw in the South Orkneys.” It appears from this that the type of U. antarctica may be atypical and its differences may be attributed to environmental conditions. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is indebted to Dr. D. C. Lindsay who first determ- ined the Antarctic Umbilicara as U. aprina Nyl. and who also gave helpful comments during the course of this study. He wishes to thank The Director, British Museum (Natural History) , The Director, Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki and Prof C. W. Dodge for the loan of type specimens. He otters special thanks to Dr. HorSur Kristinsson for collecting weathered specimens of U. aprina in Iceland and for the loan of specimens from the herbarium of the Akureyri Museum of Natural History. Studies in Antarctic Lichens IV 133 O Fig. 1. — a — Type specimen Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. from Dedschen Mountains, Abyssinia; b — section through upper cortex, scale = 10 m/i; c — section through lower cortex, scale -- 10 mp. 134 Rex B. Filson NATT U R U G R I PASAF N I O A AKUREYRI Museum rerum naturalium Akureyrense HERBARIUM . 53 m Umbilicaria aprina Loc . Central Highland s: Herdubreidar- nab. li^dir, on rock. 490 m Alt. Dat. 22 August 1974 no. 23345 Leg. Hordur Fristinsson Hdrour Fristinsson Det. Fig. 2. — a — Weathered specimen of Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. from Central Highlands, Iceland; b — section through upper cortex, scale = 10 mp\ c — section through lower cortex, scale = 10 mp. Studies in Antarctic Lichens IV 135 HE!?-g Hi/$. "Bk/T cmAajt'nL If "i-a^ ir . <1 X XIL - STECiHErJ f lUUi 4ayTc -^ic--e^ F>cm ir t l. l^avvvlr UC ' U S \A U 4 « ' >.fi Ivy df j*Jo rj tlU > >? Lichens of Iceland Urnbll' Ca. ia a r rina ! 7 y 1 . Aa f p r :. - - : f 4*57*7 $£-i. ;ii- ar ! k fcw. . . 1000 m. A basalti a gang, sem skagar it ur f .lallsh : £ *inni nor^an meg it { ’num. 7. a«r'st 1967. lo . et det.: Hordur Kristinsson Number 2J056 Duke University Herbarium # % i % MEL 100 1066 1 C ( i i i 1 1 1 1 1 i | i i i i 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fig. 6. — a — Type specimen Umbilicaria antarctica var. subvirginis Frey & Lamb from Cape Sastrugi, Evans Cove, Antarctica; b — small thalli of Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. with upturned margins from Iceland; c — small thalli of U. aprina Nyl. with upturned margins from Mount Burnett, Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. Studies in Antarctic Lichens IV 139 Fig. 7. M vl a . “ U PPer surface of fragment (i) Type specimen (fig. la) Umbilicaria aprina 77 low e r su ^ fa , ce fragment (ii) Type specimen U. aprina Nyl.; c — upper nmh^‘ £ prina . NyK 2a > illustrating specimen with rugulose surface around the umbo, becoming smooth towards the margin; d — lower surface of fragment (i) Type specimen (fig. la) U. aprina Nyl.; e — upper surface U. aprina Nyl (fig 2) arnina N?| W " h ruguiose t surfa « to the margin; f — lower surface U. U apr/nfl Nyf (fig.’ 5d)7 UPPef SUI rface U ' apnn “ Nyl - (fi «- 5d )i h - lower surface 140 Studies in Antarctic Lichens IV Fig. 8. — a — Upper surface Type specimen Umbilicaria spongiosa Dodge & Baker (fig. 5a); b — lower surface Type specimen U. spongiosci Dodge & Baker (fig. 5a); c — upper surface Type specimen Umbilicaria antarctica Frey & Lamb (fig. 3); d — lower surface U. antarctica Frey & Lamb (fig. 4a). REFERENCES Dodge, C. W. (1948) — Lichens and Lichen Parasites. BANZ. Antarct. Res. Exped. 1929—1931 Rep. Ser. B. Zool-Bot. 7: 1-276. (1973) — Lichen Flora of the Antarctic Continent and Adjacent Islands. Phoenix Publishing. New Hampshire. & Baker, G. E. (1938) — Lichens and Lichen Parasites. Annals Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 515-727. Filson, R. B. (1966) — The Lichens and Mosses of Mac. Robertson Land. AN ARE Sci.Rep.Ser. B. (II) Bot. 82: 1-169. Kashiwadani H. (1970) — Lichens from the Prince Olav Coast, Antarctica. Jap. Antarct. Res. Exped. Sci.Rep.Ser. E. 30: 1—21. Lindsay, D. C. (1972) — Lichens from Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land. Norsk Polarinst. Medd. 101: 1-21. & Brook, D. (1971) — Lichens from the Theron Mountains. Br. Antarct. Surv. Bull. 25: 95-98. Llano, G. A. (1950)— A monograph of the Lichen Family Umbilicariaceae in the Western Hemisphere. Office of Naval Research Navexos P-831. A NEW GREVILLEA SPECIES FROM WESTERN VICTORIA by W. M. Molyneux* Grevillea microstegia. W. M. Molyneux spec. nov. Frutex usque ad 60 cm altus, sed 200-400 cm tatus, densus interdum vagans; caulis principalis breviter ascendens, mox paene prostratus; rami prope prostrati, saepe implicate vel eorum extremitates oblique arcuatae; folia bipinnatipartita, in lobos numerosos angustos spinosos divisa, in superficiebus mature glabra sed subter pilos paucos breves disperses gerentia: racemi secundi, varie deflexi vel penduli, pendunculis tenuibus pubescentibus praediti; perianthium parvum (ca. 10 mm longum); bracteae florales minutae (ca. 0-25 mm longae), aut praemature deciduae aut interdum persistentes; stipes ex toro obliquo paene centraliter emergens; fructus oblique ellipsoideus, stylo persistenti. Holotype: Victoria, Mount Cassel, central eastern ranges of the Grampians Mountains, 14-5 kilometres west-north-west of Moyston, W. M. Molyneux, M. Tonkin and R. Tonkin, 27. ix 1970 (MEL 501440). Isotypes: at MEL, NSW, CANB, K. Also Examined: Mount Cassel, lower and higher ridges and slopes, W. M. Molyneux and R. V. Smith, 17.xi.1970; Mount Cassel, W. M. Molyneux, ii.1972, 12.xii.1972, 2.xii.l973. A dense or sometimes straggling shrub to 0-6 m high, 2-4 m wide; main stem shortly ascending, soon becoming almost prostrate; branches intertwined, building up densely upon each other, ends often curving sideways in an arc, or ascending, glab- rous or scarcely hairy (except when young) . Leaves bipinnati- partite, petiolate, narrowly cuneate up to the ± deltoid laminae 30-40 m long, 20-40 m wide, divided into 5-11 prickly lobes each 1-2 mm wide and 4-5 mm apart, either entire or again divided into mostly 2-3 short secondary lobes, rarely lobed again; margins revolute; upper surfaces glabrous, dark green, mid vein inconspicuous; under surfaces light green, glabrous, or with few scattered hairs; primary veins prominent, secondary veins obscure; new leaves pink, pubescent on both surfaces, t Inflorescences arising from lateral branchlets, subterminal, or occasionally terminal, on pubescent peduncles, 13-20 mm long; rachis 20-30 mm long, densely pubescent; racemes ca. 30- flowered, secund, variously deflexed or pendulous, 20-30 mm long, ca. 19 mm wide at anthesis; Floral bracts inconspicuous, 0-25 mm long, 0-5-1 mm wide, variously concave, broadly * Belfast Road, Montrose. t All observations were made from fresh material. Muelleria 3 (2): 141-145 (1975). 141 142 W. M. Molyneux deltoid to ± rhomboidal when flattened, with spreading hairs on the back; deciduous before anthesis, or occasionally persist- ent; pedicels ca. 1-0 mm long torus oblique. Perianth red ca. 10 mm long, narrow, clothed in spreading or appressed silky hairs outside; glabrous inside, varying in colour from brown to yellow; g land three-quarters annular, 0-25-0-50 mm wide; ovary covered in long, silky, spreading hairs; stipe ca. 1-5 mm long inserted ± centrally on torus; style red, 7-12 mm long, narrow, glabrous to the base where densely silky; pollen presenter very oblique, ca. 1-0 mm broad, terminating in a centrally located stigma. Fruits obliquely ellipsoidal, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 7 mm wide and deep, densely hairy, greenish-grey when fresh, drying grey, with irregular longitudinal purple markings; style persistent, withered, on old seed capsules. Flowering: September to December. Distribution: Confined to the ridge tops and higher slopes of the southerly ridges of Mount Cassel, at elevations between ca. 600 and 650 m, where occurrences are sporadic over ca. 3-0 kilometres. Plants were seldom observed more than 30 m below the ridges on eastern or western slopes. Associated with stringy- bark forests with dense understorey, which includes species of Epacris, Acacia, Astroloma, Phebalium, on lower ridges and on margins of moist sandstone shelves in association with Micro- myrtus ciliata and Leptospermum nitidum at higher elevations. DISCUSSION Judging from seedling gro vth in its native habit, this soecies reproduces sexually rather tnan vegetatively. It would then bear further investigation to determine why it has such a limited distribution. One reason for this limitation may be the suscepti- bility of established plants to drought conditions. During the dry summer of 1972-73, a large number of plants of advanced age died, and this was followed the next season with substantial seedling regeneration. Under cultivation, the growth habit of G. microstegia is still very dense, but forms a more upright shrub, although still retain- ing the characteristic of the branches to sweep sideways, up to 90°, sometimes quite sharply or in a gradual arc. G. microstegia has its closest affinity to a known taxa in Cf dryophylla N. A. Wakefield, which differs in having leaves with broader, more rounded segments, which are pubescent on the upper surface, under surface variously clothed in ferruginous or grey hairs, peduncles shorter and stouter, racemes bearing up to 50 flowers, a more oblique torus, shorter hairs on the ovary which is born on a stipe sited more consistently towards the top of the torus, length and thickness of style are similar, but A New Grevillea Species from Western Victoria 143 HOLO- TYPE L-v VICTORIA ; Kt. Carrel, central eastern ranges of the Cramp Ians Mountains, 1 ' .5 kilometre? west-north-west of Koyston, MbLSO 1 440 N ’ 0,Ci Confined to the ridge tops and higher slopes at elevations between 600 & 650 m. Flowering: September to December Coll. W .K .Kolyneux , M. Tonkin and R. Tonkin. ??.ix,1970 Det . W.K.kolyneux. jmi|niijiiii|UiiiHirfiiiijiiii!rnijiaij»ii|nii[ni!piiip^ iiijmijmijiii Holotype specimen of Grevillea microstegia. 144 W. M. Molyneux the stigma is raised and more prominent, floral bracts small but narrower and more acute. The nearest affinity to the new species would appear to be an as yet unnamed Grevillea occurring in dry sclerophyll forests on Mount Ben Major and surrounding areas, = 1 = 22 kilometres north of Beaufort in western Victoria; although there are features which link the two, table 1 illustrates the major features which were consistently different in specimens of both populations examined. Fig. 1 — Comparison of Grevillea microstegia and the undescribed Grevillea species from Ben Major region, a-f. G. microstegia : a. leaf; b. pistil, i. torus, ii. densely hairy stipitate ovary, iii. style, iv. pollen presenter; c. dorsal view of floral bract; d. lateral view of floral bract, e. torus from above with stipe of ovary removed, i. torus, 11. gland, hi. base of ovary stipe illustrating central location on torus; f. i. stem, ii. lateral branch, m. incipient lea^iy peduncle, v. raceme of immature flowers, g-i. Grevillea sp.: g. leaf; h. dorsal view of floral 1 i. torus from above with stipe of ovary removed, 1. torus, 11. gland, m. base of ovary stipe illustrating location towards top of torus. A New Grevillea Species from Western Victoria 145 Of interest is the situation of the colonies in relation to each other; separated geographically in an east-west line by 68 kilometres, they grow on different soil types; G. microstegia on sandstone, or in humus soil composed of decomposed sandstone and loose sandstone scree, with the greater number of plants growing either on top of flat ridges or on easterly slopes; the undescribed Grevillea from the Ben Major area grows on auri- ferous soils usually associated with dry sclerophyll forests; most plants examined were growing on westerly slopes or just on or below the ridges. The seedling leaves of G. microstegia are much larger than mature foliage, being longer and broader; the lobes usually average 11 with some leaves having 13 primary lobes which are hairy, broader than the mature foliage, and with many more secondary lobes. The undescribed Grevillea has similar seedling leaves to the adult, but primary lobes are more often 7-9. In applying the specific epithet, I considered the small floral bracts to be one of the major distinguishing features. Grevillea microstegia 1. Transverse Section of young stems ± Pentagonal in shape with irregular longitudinal striations. 2. Leaves mostly longer than wide; lobes ca. 5-11, 1-0-2 0 mm wide, ca. 4-5 mm apart and usually less than 3 cm apart on branches. 3. Peduncles ca. 13-20 mm long; pubescent. 4. Floral bracts small, ca. 0-5 mm long; deltoid, ± rhomboidal. 5. Gland three-quarters annular; ca. 0- 25-0-50 mm wide. 6. Ovary densely covered in long, spreading hairs on a stipe ca. 1- 5 mm long, inserted ± cen- trally on torus. 7. Style 7-12 mm long. Grevillea sp. Transverse Section of young stems terete without striations. Leaves quite often as wide as they are long; lobes ca. 5-7 and ca. 5-10 mm wide, usually more than 3 cm apart and up to ca. 4-5 cm apart on branches. Peduncles ca. 13-23 mm long, almost glabrous; threadlike. Floral bracts ca. 2 mm long; ovate, elliptical. Gland half to three-quarters annular, ca. 0-5 mm wide. Ovary pubescent on a stipe ca. TO mm long, inserted towards the top of the torus. Style 7-9 mm long. Table 1. — Comparison of Grevillea microstegia and the undescribed Grevillea sp. from the Ben Major area, from observations made on living plants in the field and under cultivation and on own Herbarium material. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due to Mr. D. McGillivray of the National Herbarium, Sydney for his constructive comments, and to Dr. J. H. Willis for the Latin diagnosis. STUDIES IN ANTARCTIC LICHENS V: Lichenes Antarctici Exsiccati, Fascicle I, with additional notes on the taxonomy of each species by Rex B. Filson* INTRODUCTION Fascicle I of Lichenes Antarctici Exsiccati was issued on the same day as this paper was published. The specimens were collected in February 1974 by the author and members of the 1973-74 Australian National Antarctic Expedition to the Southern Prince Charles Mountains. It was proposed to collect all species occurring in the Mac. Robertson Land region and to issue them in a numbered set. Unfortunately this was not possible as there was not time to visit areas where some species grew in sufficient quantity. As a result five species recorded in Filson (1966) are not represented in the collection. They are Buellia foecunda R. Filson, Buellia aff. subpedicellata (syn. Buellia filsonii Dodge 1973: 313), Heppia antarctica Dodge, Lecidea capsulata Dodge & Baker and Lecidea woodberryi R. Filson. Caloplaca athallina Darb. has not been recorded previously as occurring in Mac. Robertson Land. This year, it was collected from two localities, Mawson Rock and Ufs Island. Unfortunately there was insufficient material at both of these sites to make up the number of sets required. However it was found in abundance on Fold Island in adjacent Kemp Land enabling it to be included in the exsiccata. Usnea acromelana Stirt. is also recorded here as being new for Mac. Robertson Land. In addition to the main set held in the National Herbarium, Melbourne (MEL) , twenty-five sets were prepared and twenty- two sets have been forwarded to the following institutions: Academiae Scientiarum, Brno, Czechoslovakia (BRNU) Akureyri Museum of Natural History, Iceland Botanical Institute ANSSR, Leningrad (LE) Botanische Staatssammlung, Mtinchen (M) British Antarctic Survey Herbarium, Birmingham (BIRM*) British Museum (Natural History) London (BM) Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Geneve (G) Duke University, North Carolina, U.S.A. (DUKE) Farlow Herbarium, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (FH) Herbarium Australiense, C.S.I.R.O. Canberra, Australia (CANB) Institute of Systematic Botany Uppsala, Sweden (UPS) Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (PC) National Herbarium of Canada (CAN) Natural History Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TNS) * National Herbarium of Victoria. Muelleria 3 (2): 146-158 (1975). 146 Studies in Antarctic Lichens V 147 Fig. 1. — Map showing locality of the collections 148 Rex B. Filson Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands (L) Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. (US) University of California, Irvine, U.S.A. University of Colorado, Boulder, U.S.A. (COLO) University of Helsinki, Finland (H) University of Oslo, Norway (O) University of Saskatchewan, Canada (SASK) University of Wisconsin, U.S.A. (WIS) L1CHENES ANTARCTICI EXSICCATI issued by Rex B. Filson NATIONAL HERBARIUM OF VICTORIA (MEL) No. 1. Acarospora gwynnii Dodge & Rudolph in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard., 42: 144. pi. 15, 2. 1955 ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, growing on pebbles in a shaded crevice. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14821 Discussion: It is probable that all species of Acarospora subgenus Xanthothallia from the Antarctic Continent represent the one species. The minor differences between the five species described do not seem to be sufficient to warrant separation. The size of the thallus appears to be the most definite feature which divides them. The apothecial measurements given for each are similar and certainly well within the range of one an- other. There is some confusion in Dodge (1973); Acarospora gwynnii is separated from A. petalina Golubkova & Savicz in the key, by having a thecium (hymenium) 125 /x m high (p. 146) whereas in the text it is shown as 230 /x m (p. 150). In the type description of A. petalina the authors of the name state “ thecium epithecio incluso 160-261 /xm ”. The present author considers that these two species are identical; A. gwynnii being described from a small (young) sample and A. petalina from larger and more robust specimens. Of the others, the author feels that from the descriptions of A. emergens Dodge and A. knowlesii Dodge, that they too fall within the acceptable range of A. gwynnii and are probably the same taxon. It seems most likely that A. xanthophana (Nyl.) Jatta is a wrong determination and the samples from Cockburn Island and Thurston Island should be referred to A. gwynnii. Prof. W. A. Weber (1968: 30) has examined the type of A. xantho- phana and considers it to be synonymous with A. schleicheri (Ach.) Massal. Prof. W. A. Weber (1968:24) also suggests that A. gwynnii is synonymous with A. chlorophana (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Massal. This author does not agree with this finding and considers A. gwynnii distinct from specimens found in Australia which are referable to A. chlorophana. Studies in Antarctic Lichens V 149 The thallus of A. chlorophana is thin, flat to slightly hemis- pheric. It cracks and divides into areolae 0-2 — 0*4 mm diam. On the other hand the thallus of A. gwynnii is thick and pulvin- ate. This condition is consistant with specimens found in open exposed positions as well as those growing under rocks where they would be sheltered from all wind-blown sand and ice. The thallus is closely appressed, radiate, up to 3 mm diam. and does not divide into separate areolae. No. 2. Acarospora williamsii R. Filson in AN ARE Sci. Rep. Ser. B (II) Bot. 82: 31. 1966 ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, growing along cracks in the granite and on rock adjacent to the cracks in sheltered position. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14823 Discussion: The relationship of this species with others in section Phaeothallia (H. Magn.) Ras. found in the Antarctic needs further investigation. The three species reported in Dodge (1973: 146) appear to be similar and eventually all may prove to be conspecific with A. badiofusca Th. Fr. The type specimen of A. williamsii was collected growing over and between fine gravels. This habitat gave rise to a more bullate form than the specimens presented here, most of which are growing on the rock surface. No. 3. Alectoria minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Degel. in Nytt Mag. Naturv. 78: 286. 1938. Imbricaria lanata var. minus- cula Nyl. ex Arnold, Verb, zool-bot. Ges. Wien, 28: 293. 1878. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Fischere Nunatak, on small pebbles on the summit. 6 February 1974 Rex Filson 14838 & Craig Austin Discussion: The specimens included in this exsiccata are tending towards f. congesta (Zahlbr.) M. Lamb and f. Crustacea (Lynge et Schol.) Degel. The present author agrees with Lamb (1964:28) and Lindsay (1972:10) that these forms do not have taxonomic significance and are only modifications caused by the harsh Antarctic environment. No. 4. Biatorella cerebriformis (Dodge) R. Filson comb, nov. Candelariella cerebriformis Dodge in BANZ Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep. 7: 184. 1948. Biatorella antarctica J. Murray, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. Bot. 2: 60. 1963. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Fischer Nunatak, abundant on pebbles along the summit. 6 February 1974 Rex Filson 14837 & Craig Austin Discussion: It seems fairly obvious from the descriptions that Biatorella antarctica J. Murray and Candelariella cerebri- formis Dodge are the same taxon. Whilst the author feels that this species is more robust than others in the genus Biatorella he 150 Rex B. Filson does not agree with the diagnostic features of the genus Biato- rellopsis Dodge (1965:513): in particular that the thallus is stipitate and attached by a gomphus. All of the specimens seen by the author are attached to the substrate by the lower cortex or by thin white hyphae which sometimes penetrate deeply into the cracks between the rock crystals. These specimens were collected from a south and south- westerly aspect in very exposed positions, and would be constantly buffeted by high wind and wind-blown ice particles. No. 5. Buellia frigida Darb. in Nat. Antarct. Exped. 1901-1904 Nat. Hist., 5: 7. 1910 Rinodina frigida (Darb.) Dodge, in BANZ. Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep. 7: 259. 1948 ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, on flat areas and on small stones in moraine. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14813 Discussion: Buellia frigida is perhaps the most common lichen in the Antarctic, being found in most places where lichens occur. Its variable colour and polymorphic growth, change according to environmental conditions. This has led to it being described under numerous specific epithets and to it being included in several genera. Most of this confusion has arisen because workers on Antarctic lichens have not had the op- portunity to spend time in the field in Antarctica, but have had to base their findings on fragmentary material, collected by someone else. The collectors are usually engaged in some other scientific task and only pick up a few lichen samples as a side interest witnout taking notes on the particular habitat of the specimens. No. 6. Buellia grimmiae R. Filson in AN ARE Sci. Rep. Ser. B. (II) Bot. 82: 37. 1966. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Falla Bluff, growing over the tops of Bryum algens Card, in wet situations after melt. 9 February 1974 Rex Filson 14921 Discussion: These specimens growing over Bryum algens Card, with Candelariella antarctica R. Filson and Rinodina olivaceobrunnea Dodge, were collected from a moss patch about 1 m X 2 m. The area was on a slight depression on a rock slab below snow drifts that provide ample water during melt. No. 7. Buellia lignoides R. Filson. in AN ARE Sci. Rep. Ser. B. (11) Bot. 82: 38. 1966 ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Fischer Nunatak, abundant on rock platforms on western side of the outcrop. 6 February 1974 Rex Filson 14841 & Craig Austin Discussion: This lichen is easily separated from other closely related species by the intense violet-blue reaction with iodine. Studies in Antarctic Lichens V 151 No. 8. Caloplaca athallina Darb. in Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Sudpolar-Exped. 1901-1903 4 (II): 9. 1912 Pyrenodesmia athallina (Darb.) Dodge & Baker, in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 621. 1938 ANTARCTICA. KEMP LAND: Fold Island, forming large patcnes over Bryum algens Card, on flat areas on the western side of outcrops. In sheltered damp positions. 11 February 1974 Rex Filson 14962 Discussion: Contrary to the original description Caloplaca athallina does possess a thallus, which is very pronounced in sterile samples. Darbishire’s original specimen appeared to be copiously fertile (vide photograph in Darb. 1912, pi. 2: 14) and if his material was scanty he possibly did not detect the thallus. Unfortunately this lichen appears to be nearly always covered with an algae or parisitised by other lichens, which present a wide variety of colour forms. The area from where this collec- tion was made, demonstrated thalli with apothecia coloured from bright orange to brown, brownish-black to black and yellow pruinose. AH of these colour forms are represented in the specimens distributed. In the exsiccata both fertile and sterile samples are included, some being composed only of crowded apothecia. No. 9. Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. in Nova Acta Sci. Uppsai, Ser. 3 3: 218. 1861. Pyrenodesmia mawsoni Dodge, in BANZ. Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep. 7: 232. 1948. Caloplaca mawsonii (C. W. Dodge) D. C. Lindsay, in Meddr. norsk Polarinst. 101: 12. 1972. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, growing over moss cushions. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14817 Discussion: The specimens presented are typical of those found growing over mosses in Antarctica. All of these speci- mens, and in fact all specimens seen by the author are sterile. Lindsay (1972: 12) mentions sparingly fertile specimens from Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land. Dodge (1973:261) reports fertile samples from Granite Harbour, Victoria Land. (For further discussion on this species see Filson 1974 a : 1) Apothecia of Lecanora expectans Darb. are scattered through- out the samples in the exsiccata. No. 10. Caloplaca elegans (Link.) Th. Fr. var. pulvinata (Dodge & Baker) J. Murray. in Trans Roy. Soc. N.Z. 2: 64. 1963 Polycauliona pulvinata Dodge & Baker, in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 268. 1938. Xanthoria elegans (Link.) Th. Fr., in Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsal., Ser. 3 3: 169. 1861. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, on flat areas of charnockitic granite. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14827 152 Rex B. Filson Discussion: Caloplaca elegant var. pulvinata is a very variable lichen in the Mac. Robertson Land region. So much so that it has previously been recorded as four separate species in two genera. Gasparrinia harrisoni Dodge, “ Gasparrinia citrina Dodge ”, Polycauliona sparsa Dodge & Baker and Polycauliona johnstoni Dodge. The colour of the thallus grades from greenish- yellow in shaded situations to bright red-orange when exposed to direct sunlight. Depending on the environment the thallus is either radiate and continuous or discontinuous and scattered. This species when growing under the harsh Antarctic condi- tions always appears more pulvinate than similar specimens found growing elsewhere. In order to separate this form from the typical, the author prefers to uphold the “ var. pulvinata ” even though it is perhaps only a modification caused by environ- ment. Some authors place this species in Xanthoria but this author prefers to retain it in Caloplaca sect. Gasparrinia because of its close adnation to the substrate and the texture of the upper cortex. No. 11. Candelariella antarctica R. Filson comb. & nom. nov. Protoblastenia citrina Dodge, in BANZ. Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep. 7: 222. 1948. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, growing over moss cushions. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14817 Discussion: The species has a granulose sorediose, non- radiate thallus which has a negative reaction with KOH. The apothecial disk is greenish-yellow which also has a negative re- action with KOH. The genus Protoblastenia Steiner belongs in the family Caloplacaceae, all members of which have a positive reaction with KOH on the apothecial disk. As the chemistry of this species is more consistant with Candelariella Mull. Arg. a new combination is warranted and as C. citrina is an earlier homonym used by B. de Lesd. in Ann. Cryptog. Exot. 5: 120. 1932, it has been necessary to find a new name for this entity. No. 12. Lecanora melanophthalma (Ram.) Ram. in Memoir. Acad. Roy. Sc. de VInstit. de France 6: 133 (1823) 1827. Lichen melanophthalmus Ram. apud Lam. et DC., Flore Frangaise edit. 3, 2: 376. 1805. Lecanora rubina Ach. var. mela- nophthalma (Ram.) Zahlbr. forma exsulans (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr., in Cat. Lich. Univ. 5: 660. 1928. Squamaria chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach. var. melanophthalma (Ram.) Zahlbr. forma exsulans Th. Fr., in Nytt. Mag. Naturv. 40: 208. 1902. Lecanora exsulans (Th. Fr.) Dodge & Baker, in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 570. 1938. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, on small stones scattered amongst moss cushions in depres- sions along melt water run-offs. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14814 Studies in Antarctic Lichens V 153 No. 13. Lecanora melanophthalma (Ram.) Ram. in Memoir , Acad. Roy. Sc. de Vlnstit. de France 6: 133 (1823) 1827. Lichen melanophthalmus Ram. apud Lam. et DC., Flore Francaise edit. 3, 2 : 376. 1805. Lecanora rubina Ach. var. mela- nophthalma (Ram.) Zahlbr. forma exsulans (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. in Cat. Lich Univ. 5 : 660. 1928. Squamaria chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach. var. melanophthalma (Ram.) Zahlbr. forma exsulans Th.Fr., in Nytt. Naturv. 40 : 208. 1902. Lecanora exsulans (Th.Fr.) Dodge & Baker, in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25 : 570. 1938. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, growing over cushions of Bryum algens in depressions along melt water run-offs. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14815 Discussion: Lecanora melanophthalma is a very variable lichen. It is found growing either on rock or over mosses. The author has been unable to borrow the type specimen of L. mela- nophthalma but it appears that it differs from L. rubina in chemistry. Samples of this lichen from Antarctica seem to be more pulvinate and closer adnate to the substrate than L. rubina and none have demonstrated the sub-foliose habit of typical L. rubina. All of them are KOH — which is the reaction reported for L. melanophthalma (Harmand: 931). This reaction combined with the more adnate habit seems to suggest that this material should be separated from L. rubina sens strict. The author has examined the Type specimen of Lecanora chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach. melanophthalma (DC.) Th.Fr. f. exsulans Th.Fr. and considers it to be typical L. melanophthalma. It clearly demonstrates the pulvinate growth habit and the variation in colour of the apothecial disk. No. 14. Lecidea phillipsiana R. Filson in ANARE Sci. Rep. Ser. B (11) Bot. 82: 51. 1966 ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, growing on rocks in and around depressions containing moss beds. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14816 Discussion: Lecidea phillipsiana is a very common lichen in the Mac. Robertson Land region occurring on most rock outcrops. The specimens in this set are typical of the species though the spores are a little longer (< 15 X 4 /xm) than those. described in Filson (1966:51). No. 15. Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe in Furnr. Naturh. Topogr. Regensberg 2: 250. 1839. Lichen caesius Hoffm., Enum. Lich. 65. 1784. Parmelia variolosa Dodge & Baker, in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25 : 593. 1938. Parmelia coreyi Dodge & Baker, l.c. 595. 1938. Parmelia johnstoni Dodge, in BANZ. Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep. 7 : 191. 1948. and Lecanora expectans Darb. in Nat. Antarct. Exped. 1901-1904 Nat. Hist. 5: 7. 1910. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, growing over moss cushions. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14825 154 Rex B. Filson Discussion: This sample is the “ Parmelia variolosa Dodge & Baker ” form, i.e. small lobes, bleached white to yellowish- white on the top by contact with snow and frozen particles. The thallus, growing over the tops of cushions of Bryum algens, is narrow, strongly concave and pressed into the moss heads. In all of the specimens distributed there are apothecia of Lecanora expectans Darb. Unfortunately adequate material was not avail- able of Physcia thallus with the apothecia of Lecanora attached to it. However most of the samples demonstrate how confusion has arisen in the past with these two genera growing so closely together (see Filson, 1974a: 4). The colour of the apothecial disk of L. expectans varies with age and exposure; young apo- thecia in sheltered positions are pale reddish-brown with pro- minent margin whereas in older specimens the disk is black and the margin erodes. No. 16. Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe in Furnr. Naturh. Topogr. Regensberg 2: 250. 1839. Lichen caesius Hoffm Enum. Lich. 65. 178.4. Parmelia variolosa Dodge & Baker, in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 593. 1938. Parmelia coreyi Dodge & Baker, l.c. 595. 1938. Parmelia johnstoni Dodge, in BANZ. Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep. 7: 191. 1948. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Mawson Rock, growing over gravels under sheltered overhangs on rock platforms near East Bay. 5 February 1974 Rex Filson 14835 Discussion: This is the “ Parmelia coreyi — Parmelia john- stoni ” form, i.e. broad, convexed lobes with rounded ends. The colour of the upper surface varies from near white pruinose, grey to grey-brown, depending upon the position in which it was growing. If samples No. 15 and No. 16 are compared, narrow concave and broad convexed lobes will be observed on each. Apothecia of Lecanora expectans have been located growing in association with the lobes of this form, though none are in evid- ence on the specimens distributed. No. 17. Rhizocarpon flavum Dodge & Baker in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 552. 1938. ? Rhizocarpon antarcticum Ras., in Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool.—Bot. Fenn. Vanamo 21: 4. 1946. tide Runemark (1956:90). ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Fischer Nunatak, abundant on rock along cracks and areas damp after snow melt. 6 February 1974 Rex Filson 14839 & Craig Austin Discussion: Rhizocarpon flavum Dodge & Baker grows along cracks and in places that remain damp after snow melt. It is not very common but it does grow abundantly in some locali- ties. The west side of Fischer Nunatak is one such place where all of the cracks and small depressions in the rock surface are carpeted with this distinctive yellow lichen. By contrast only Studies in Antarctic Lichens V 155 a few small patches occur along a crack on the western side of Mawson Rock. From the description given by Rasanen (1956: 90) it would appear that Rh . antarcticum is synonymous with this species; the internal dimensions and chemistry appear to be the same. No. 18. Rinodina olivaceobrunnea Dodge & Baker in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 659. 1938. Rinodina archaeoides H. Magn., in Medd. Fran. Goteborgs Bot. Tradg. 17: 278. 1947. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Tschuffert Peak, abundant on moss cushions in depressions below snow drifts. 9 February 1974 Rex Filson 14906 Discussion: In a previous paper (Filson 1966: 41 & 42) the author identified this species with Rinodina archaeoides H. Magn. and suggested that it might be synonymous with R. olivaceo- brunnea Dodge & Baker. Since that time he has examined the type specimen of R. archeoides and an authenticated specimen of R. olivaceobrunnea and it is evident that these two taxa are the same (see Filson, 1975a). No. 19. Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. Synopsis Lichenum 2: 12. 1863. Umbilicaria antarctica var. sub- virginis Frey & Lamb, in Trans. Brit. My col. 22: 272. 1939. Umbili- caria spongiosa Dodge & Baker in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 566. 1938. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: West side of Mawson Rock, growing on pebbles and flat rock faces in sheltered positions. 1 February 1974 Rex Filson 14820 Discussion: The author has compared the type specimen and recent collectings of Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. with the rhizinate Umbilicaria found growing on the Antarctic Continent and concludes that they are the same taxon. For further discus- sion see Filson 1975b. No. 20. Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. in Cat Lich. Univ. 8: 490. 1942. Lichen decussatus Vill., Hist. Plant. Dauphine 3: 964. 1789. Omphalodiscus decussatus (Vill.) Schol., in Nyt. Mag. Naturvid 75: 23. 1934. Umbilicaria subcere- briformis Dodge, BANZ. Antarct. Exped. Rep. Ser. B. 7: 149. 1948. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Fischer Nunatak, abundant on rock faces in a westerly aspect. 6 February 1974 Rex Filson 14840 & Craig Austin No. 21. Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. in Cat. Lich. Univ. 8: 490. 1942. Lichen decussatus Vill., Hist. Plant. Dauphine 3: 964. 1789. Omphalodiscus decussatus (Vill.) Schol., in Nyt. Mag. Naturvid 75: 23. 1934. Umbilicaria subcere- briformis Dodge, BANZ. Antarct. Exped. Rep. Ser. B. 7: 149. 1948. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Tschuffert Peak, abundant on rock and small pebbles in a northerly aspect. 9 February 1974 Rex Filson 14901 156 Rex B. Filson Discussion: “ Umbilicaria decussata extends from pole to pole in the Western Hemisphere. In the Arctic and the Antarctic regions it is undoubtedly circumpolar” (Llano 1950:80). Pre- viously the specimens from Mac. Robertson Land were deter- mined as Umbilicaria subcerebriformis Dodge (Dodge 1955: 144). Whilst Professor Dodge still retains the specimen which he first examined under this species (Dodge 1973: 126) he transferred all of the collections noted in Filson (1966:61), which he has not examined, to Omphalodiscus Bakeri Dodge (1973: 121). U. decussata varies greatly in the harsh Antarctic conditions sometimes the upper surface is smooth and pale olive-brown, sometimes extremely rugulose and dark brown to greyish-black, depending on the degree of exposure. The author has examined a portion of the type specimen of Omphalodiscus bakeri and finds that it is midway between these two forms. It is dark olive- brown and rugulose. He considers Antarctic populations of U. decussata compare favourably with specimens of this species found growing in the Australian alpine regions. No. 22. Usnea acromelana Stirt in Trans. Proc. N. Z. Inst., 30: 388. 1898. Neuropogon acromelanus (Stirt.) M.Lamb., in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 52: 218. 1939. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Falla Bluff, abundant on western side of valleys orientated north and south. 9 February 1974 R ex Filson 14910 Discussion: Most of the coastal outcrops of Mac. Robertson Land have been visited with the purpose of studying the lichen populations and this is the only locality where Usnea acromelana has been found. An interesting observation is that Usnea antarctica was not found on this outcrop. Large areas of U. acromelana , up to 1 m in diameter were located in sheltered habitats between the boulders in an easterly aspect. The specimens agree well with the descriptions in Lamb (1968: 5) and specimens from other areas seen by the author, though they seem to be a little blacker than those from the Windmill Islands (Filson 1974b: 34). No. 23. Usnea antarctica Du Rietz. in Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 20: 93. 1926. Neuropogon antarcticus (Du Rietz) M. Lamb, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 52: 210. 1939. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Tschuffert Peak, abundant on pebbles in damp areas below snow drifts. 9 February 197.4 Rex Filson 14900 Discussion: Usnea antarctica only occurs on six outcrops on coastal Mac. Robertson Land, where it is fairly abundant. This species differs from U. acromelana in having eroded, convex patches of soredia on the branches. The lower parts are ver- Studies in Antarctic Lichens V 157 rucose rugose and slightly foveolate. U. acromelana on the other hand has smooth lower parts and the soredia is pulvinate to subglobose. No. 24. Xanthoria mawsonii Dodge in BANZ. Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep. 7: 236. 1948. ANTARCTICA. MAC. ROBERTSON LAND: Mawson Rock, com- mon along cracks in rock platforms overlooking East Bay. 18 February 1974 Rex Filson 14993 Discussion: Previously this author has stated (Filson 1966: 5) that he did not observe any relationship between penguin rookeries and the Antarctic plant life. This although true in relation to the rookeries is not true with respect to the perching sites. The rock areas below perching sites around Mawson are very rich in Xanthoria mawsonii. The relationship between this species and X. candelaria Kickx. f. antarctica (Wainio) Hillm. is uncertain and when this genus is revised the author feels sure that X. mawsonii will be relegated to an Antarctic modification of X. candelaria. Many authors are already referring this taxon to the latter species. The present author is retaining the specific epithet mawsonii for this exsiccata as Mac. Robertson Land is the type locality for the species and he considers it best to wait until a revision of the genus is completed. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) for making it possible for him to visit the areas from which these samples were collected. Special thanks are due to Ron Newman, helicopter pilot, who waited patiently and Craig Austin who helped to collect — waiting and helping is no fun in the cold. He also wishes to thank the Department of Crown Lands and Survey, Melbourne for secondment to the expedition as official duties. To Dr. I. Brodo, National Museum, Canada; Prof. C. W. Dodge, University of Vermont, Burlington; The Director, Botanical Museum, Stockholm, Sweden; The Director, Institute of Syste- matic Botany, Uppsala, Sweden, he extends his sincere thanks for the loan of valuable type material. Finally the author wishes to thank his wife, Susan, for help with the preparation of this paper. 158 Studies in Antarctic Lichens V REFERENCES Darbishire, O. ( 1912) —Lichens of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition. Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Sudpolar-Exped. 1901-1903. 4 (II): 1-73. Dodge C. W. (1948). — Lichens and Lichen Parasites. BANZ. Antarct. Res. Exped. 1929-1931 Rep. Ser. B. Zcol.-Bot. 7: 1-276. (1965). — Lichenological Notes on the flora of the Antarctic Continent and the Subantarctic Islands. VI. Trans. Amer. Micro. Soc. 84 (4): 507—529. (1973). — Lichen Flora of the Antarctic Continent and Adjacent Islands. Phoenix Publishing. New Hampshire. & Baker, G. E. (1938).— Lichens and Lichen Parasites. Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 515-727. r , & Rudolph, E. D. (1955). — Lichenological Notes on the Flora of the Antarctic Continent and Subantarctic Islands. I-IV Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 42: 131-149. Filson R. B. (1966).— The Lichens and Mosses of Mac.Robertson Land. AN ARE Sci. Rep. Ser. B (II) Bot. 82: 169. (1974a).— Studies in Antarctic Lichens I: Notes on Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. and Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe. Muelleria 3: 1—8 (1974b). — Studies in Antarctic Lichens II: Lichens from the Windmill Islands, Wilkes Land. Muelleria 3: 9-36. (1975a). Studies in Antarctic Lichens III: Notes on Rinodina oliva- ceobrunnea Dodge & Baker, from the Antarctic and moss-inhabiting species of Rinodina from other parts of the world. Muelleria 3: 117-121. (1975b). Studies in Antarctic Lichens IV: Notes on Umbilicari a aprina Nyl. Muelleria 3: 130-140. Golubkova, N. S. & Savicz, V. P. (1965).— Species Familiae Acarosporaceae e Parte Orientali Antarctidis. Nov. Sist. niz. Rast. 173-178. Hakulinen, R. (1954).— Die Flechtengattung Candelariella Muller Argo- viensis. Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. Fenn. Vanamo 27: (3): 1-12/. Harmand, J. L., bbe (1913) .—Lichens de France, Paris. Lamarck & De Candolle (1815) .—Flore Franchise, Paris. Lamb, I. M. (1964). — Antarctic Lichens I. The Genera Usnea, Ramalina, Himantormia, Alectoria , Cornicularia. Brit. Antarct. Surv. bcu Rep. 38: 1-34. 2 apend. 9 plates. (1968). — Antarctic Lichens II. The Genera Buellia and Rinodina. Brit. Antarct. Surv. Sci. Rep. 61: 1-129. 16 plates. Lindsay, D. C. (1972). — Lichens from Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land. Norsk Polarinst. Medd. 101: 1-21. Llano, G. A. (1950). — A monograph the Western Hemisphere. P.—831. of the Lichen Family Umbilicariaceae in Office of Naval Research. Navexos Rasarien, V. (1964) .— Lichenes novi II. Ann Bot. Soc. Zool-Bot. Fenn. Vanamo. 21 : 1-7. Runemark, H. (1956) .—Studies in Rhizocarpon The yellow species in Europe. Opera Bot. Supp. Ser. 2 Pt. 1: 1—152. Pt. 2. 1 150. Weber, W. A. (1968). — A taxonomic revision of Acarospora, subgenus Xanthothallia. Lichenologist 4: 16-31. BOOK REVIEWS W. R. GUILFOYLE. R. T. M. Pescott. Published by Oxford University Press August, 1974. — xvii, 153 pp. Recommended price: $9.75. In 1974 the name of Guilfoyle raises the real estate value of properties for sale in Victoria. At the national level, it provides Australian landscape designers with a reliable standard of mea- surement. The international reputation of his achievements were summarised, in the published account of a visit in 1973, by the Arboretum of the Barnes Foundation from Pennsylvania where they refer to the Royal Botanic Gardens in Melbourne in the following terms: “ It is difficult to conceive a garden in which the three objectives of botany, horticulture and landscape design are more skilfully combined than in this one ” We know little of the man who enriched our national re- sources with these aesthetic and scientific assets. A stone tablet in the Gardens states that he retired in 1909 after 36 years in office; the longest tenure of any Curator or Director. The Gov- ernment Gazettes of the period show he was appointed as a supernumerary employee from 21.7.1873 until he was appointed to the full-time staff from 1.7.1876, on a salary of £500. Con- troversy, reverence, romanticism but predominantly the un- known, dominate the verbal legends that have survived Guilfoyle. His written work is largely technical and professional. Mr. R. T. M. Pescott, the fifth successor to Guilfoyle, has produced the first biography of the man. In spite of the difficul- ties of such an undertaking, the author’s careful researches have led to a splendid publication, full of surprises and with sources of information always well documented. The first chapter on the Guilfoyle family provides a useful perspective for the later chapters which explore William and his background in more detail. Born in England on 8th December, 1840, he came to Australia with his parents when he was less than ten years old. His father Michael had been trained under Joseph Knight, of the Royal Exotic Nursery, in King’s Road, Chelsea, who sent Michael to many parts of Britain to layout parks and gardens. In Australia, Michael established an exotic plant nursery close to Sydney and developed it into a family business with his sons. William, the eldest son, was educated with the aid of relatives and tutors before he went to Lyndhurst College and then to a private school. He was taught english, science and classics, all of which are reflected in his writings. In 1867 Ferdinand von Mueller pro- posed him for Fellowship of the Linnean Society, and later he joined other scientific societies. 159 160 Book Reviews After botanical excursions to sub-tropical areas in Northern New South Wales, and Southern Queensland, and as botanist on a South Sea Islands expedition with H.M.S. “ Challenger ” in 1868, during which he collected plants for the Botanic Gardens in Sydney, he settled on his father’s newly acquired property in the Tweed River District. There, with two brothers, he grew a wide range of sugar cane varieties, tobacco, maize, opium, cotton, coffee, and peanuts, from 1869 until 1873. Mr. Pescott’s account of von Mueller’s removal from office and the appointment of Guilfoyle in 1873, is the most objective that I have read on this controversial issue. His re-discovery of Sayce’s plan for the domain, published in 1873, has been repro- duced on the inside covers and anyone familiar with Mueller’s Garden and the present Gardens, can see how the plan was transposed from the Domain to the Botanic Gardens. The years from 1873 until his marriage in 1889, retirement in 1909 and death in 1912 are well explored by the author in a sensitive and interest- ing style. The reader may be left with the sense that there is still more information hidden in the family archives. If such untapped sources remain in existence this biography may stimulate them to come to the surface. ■D. M. CHURCHILL The Kew Record of Taxonomic Literature relating to Vascular plants for 1971. Published by Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1974. — ix, 394 pp. £14.00 net. The Kew Record seems likely to become one of the major tools of taxonomic botanists working with vascular plants. It is intended that publication will be on a yearly basis. This work has been compiled in England by the staff of the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This account of its contents has been summarized from the Introduction by the Director, Professor J. Heslop-Harrison. It covers literature about flowering plants, gymnosperms and ferns. All papers relevant to taxonomy in the broad sense have been included, but papers in related fields, such as pure genetics, cytology and physiology, with no evident taxonomic significance, have been omitted. Wherever possible the entries have been placed under systematic groups, and the sections on nomenclature, chromo- some surveys, chemotaxonomy, anatomy and morphology, paly- nology, embryology and reproductive biology include only general papers which cannot conveniently be referred to a systematic group. Papers on phytosociology which have usually Book Reviews 161 been omitted have on occasion been included for botanically poorly known areas. As many botanists have regional, rather than world-wide interests the world has been divided into 7 major regions (Aus- tralia and New Zealand is No. 7) and the code number (s) appear in the left-hand margin for each relevant entry. All new names, at whatever rank, have been included, with the exception of cultivars. In questions of validity of publica- tion the requirements of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature have been strictly adhered to, and where inter- pretation of this has been in doubt the suggestions made in Regnum Vegetabile 60: 42-57 (1969) have generally been adop- ted. New names listed as validly published appear in bold face. Names proposed as new but not validly published appear in roman type. Names not proposed as new (i.e. species names under which new infra-specific taxa are named) are given in italic type. The Ke w Record will overlap largely the coverage of the Index Kewensis. It is intended however that the latter will con- tinue publication as a five-yearly cumulation and will increase its scope to cover all names of spermatophytes including those at infra-generic and infra-specific levels. At first sight the provision of a list of abbreviations used for periodicals seemed unnecessary. However, investigation showed that it included a number of periodicals which were not in the World List of Scientific Periodicals 1900-1960 4th ed. (1964). Apart from that the main difference seen was in spelling ab- breviations of adjectives used in the title with a capital letter instead of the small letter used in the World List. MARY A. TODD Poisonous plants of Australia. Selwyn L. Everist. Published by Angus and Robertson, Sydney and London. 1974 — xvi, 684 pp., 64 col. pi., 64 b. & w. photographs, 42 fig. Recommended price: $45.00. Selwyn Everist is director of the Queensland Herbarium and of the botany branch of the Queensland Department of Primary Industries. He is also a part-time lecturer on poisonous plants and toxicology to veterinary students at the University of Queensland, and for many years has had a close association with 162 Book Reviews farmers, graziers, medical practitioners and veterinarians. His great knowledge of botany and wide experience with plants in relation to animal husbandry have placed him in a unique position as a suitable author for Poisonous plants of Australia. The book reflects his deep knowledge of the subject and will quickly become a standard reference work for all who are closely connected with botany, human health, and the management and care of domestic stock. Poisonous plants of Australia is divided into two sections and has three useful appendices. Section one contains general information, with short chapters on the history of plant poisoning, toxic substances in plants, factors affecting the toxicity, how evidence of plant toxicity is obtained, how to investigate grazing areas for possible poison plants when stock poisoning is suspected, and how to prevent and treat poisoning. Precautions necessary to prevent or minimize plant poisoning in stock are summarized in seven points. Section two, comprising the bulk of the book, contains the descriptions of individual poisonous plant species — there are separate chapters for seed-bearing plants; ferns and fern allies; fungi, lichens and algae. Native, naturalized, sown pasture plants, crop and garden plants are included — over 800 species in all. The botanical name (with authority) and common name or names (whenever possible) are given, together with any nomenclatural notes or synonyms necessary to allow comparison of this work with other texts. Under each species there are notes on description; distribution and habitat; conditions of poisoning; poisonous principle; toxicity, symptoms and lesions; prevention and treatment. Where a plant has different effects on different animal species the variation is indicated. Toxicity to humans, and symptoms shown by humans are also separately described. The three appendices all take the form of easily scanned charts, with the plant species arranged alphabetically in each. Appendix 1 indicates the presence or absence (as far as is known) of each poisonous plant species for each Australian State. Appendix 2 charts each species against its recorded symptoms, and appendix 3 charts each species against the toxic substances it is known to possess. Illustrations, including good colour photographs, cover one- fifth to one-quarter of the species included in the book. Copious references are given throughout the text and relevant bibliographies appear at the end of each section or plant family. The text is written simply but clearly throughout, and with an avoidance of technical terms whenever possible. Its usefulness to the farmer and grazier is therefore enhanced, without detracting from its value to professional botanists, medicos, and veterinarians. A comprehensive index to botanical and common names and toxic substances completes the book. Book Reviews 163 A number of species suspected of poisoning, or with a potential for poisoning (e.g. Chilocarpus australis; Vinca minor ) have been included but some (e.g. Lavatera plebeia; Petalostigma q uadriloculare) have been omitted. Readers may find themselves wondering if the omissions are intentional and warranted or due to an oversight (the latter cause of omission is a problem which every compiler has to struggle with, but no one completely overcomes) . No doubt some of the plants which have previously been recorded as possibly poisonous have now been shown to be only very doubtfully so or else completely above suspicion. A list of these would have been an aid to any reader noticing their absence from Poisonous plants of Australia. In summary — a well-produced, clearly written, information- packed book which fills a long-time gap in the list of authoritative reference works on varying aspects of Australian botany. HELEN I. ASTON Author and Classified Catalogues of the Royal Botanic Gardens Library, Kew, England. (Author 5 vols., Classified 4 vols.) Published by G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, Mass., U.S.A., 1974. Recommended price (outside U.S.A.) : Author catalogue $462.00; classified catalogue US$374.00. The Library of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, is one of the largest botanical libraries in the world. Scientific research in the Gardens is carried out in various fields, particularly in taxonomy and phytogeography in the Herbarium and in cytology, anatomy, physiology and biochemistry in the Jodrell laboratory. These volumes give a reproduction of its Author and Classified subject catalogues and thus give a valuable (and for taxonomic work close to complete) guide to the works published by individual authors and to the literature available on many botanical subjects. The library is particularly rich in early botanical works and in works on plant taxonomy and distribution. It also covers economic botany, botanical travel and exploration as well as other disciplines of botany. Owing to the high cost of the work the publishers have distributed only the title page, preface and first 32 pages of the Author Index for review. This much is enough to show that the work will be a mine of information for workers in smaller Herbaria with less extensive libraries. Much time will be saved by workers who discover the names of existing works on the 164 Book Reviews subject in which they are interested at an early stage of their investigations. They can then seek the work or, as will be necessary for many of rarer works, photocopies of the relevant parts. An idea of the scope of this publication can best be given by an extended quotation from its preface. “ The Author and Classified Subject Catalogues cover the Library’s holdings of books, pamphlets and separates (reprints). The Classified Catalogue includes an alphabetical subject index to its main systematic subject section. “ Some analytical entries are included, notably the biographical section of the Classified Subject Catalogue. Because the Classified Subject Catalogue has been compiled relatively recently, a small section of earlier separates has not yet been classified and therefore appears only in the author catalogue . . . “ The subject order of the Classified Catalogue has been specially adapted to the needs of the staff at Kew. Those familiar with the Dewey Decimal Classification will notice that much of the material is arranged by that scheme, but that for systematic works, the Bentham & Hooker Botanical Classification has been used; also for floras, the basis is a special geographic schedule used in the Kew Herbarium.” The publishers state that the approximately 102,000 cards in the Author Catalogue and 80,000 cards in the Classified Catalogue have been reproduced by offset on permanent/durable, acid-free paper with overlapping cards on 10" x 14" pages and that the 5-volume Author Catalogue and 4-volume Classified Catalogue have been bound in Class A library bindings. It seems likely that many taxonomic botanists in smaller Herbaria will be grateful for this access to the catalogues of the very extensive literature available in the Library at Kew. MARY A. TODD