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PUBS ELE) BY
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1925

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME V

Nore: All sketches are life size. The system used in naming the plants is the American Code of Botanical
Nomenclature. Descriptions of the plants illustrated may be found in Gray's New Manual, Britton and
Brown’s Ilustrated Flora, Small’s Flora of the Southeastern United States, Rydberg’s Flora of the Rocky
Mountains, or Abrams’ Illustrated Flora of the Pacific Coast.

PLATE

320.
Band,
pas
Daas
Bes"
226.
Bey.
328.
Bay:
3,30.
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2008
DooN
334
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336.
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338.
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340.
341.
342.
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Flowering Dogwood (flower). Cornus florida LINNAEUS
Flowering Dogwood (fruit). Cornus florida LINNAEUS
Witch-hazel. Hamamelis virginiana LINNAEUS

Maypop. Passiflora incarnata LINNAEUS

Sweetbay. Magnolia virginiana LINNAEUS

Lambkill. Kalmia angustifolia LINNAEUS

Pink Ladyslipper. Cypripedium acaule ArtON

Papaw. <Asimina triloba (LINNAEUS) DUNAL
Drummond Pitcherplant. Svrracenia drummondii Croom
Yellow Cucumberttee. Magnolia cordata Micuaux |
Jack-in-the-pulpit. Arisaema triphyllum (LINN ABUS) TORREY
Blueflag Iris. Iris versicolor LINNAEUS

Virginia Stewattia. Stewartia malachodendron LINNAEUS
Wax Trillium. Trillium album (MicHaux) SMALL
Loblolly Pine. Pinus taeda LINNAEUS

Fringed Gentian. Gentiana crinita FROELICH

White Epidendrum. Epidendrum nocturnum JaQuin
Bluebead. Clintonia borealis (AYTON) RAFINESQUE
Yellow Troutlily. Erythronium americanum Kur

Yellow Fringeorchid. Habenaria ciliaris (LINNAEUS) RopERT BRowN
Whiteflowering Raspberry. Kubus parviflorus NuTTaLy
Saltmarsh Rosegentian. Sabbatia stellaris Purse

Fringed Parnassia. Parnassia fimbriata KONIG

. Bourgeau Rose (flower). Rosa bourgeauiana CREPIN

. Bourgeau Rose (fruit). Rosa bourgeauiana CREPIN

. Purple Pentstemon. Pentstemon lyallii Gray

. Canada Violet. Viola canadensis LINNAEUS

. Woolly Arnica. Arnica tomentosa Macoun

. Sttawberry-blite. Chenopodium capitatum (LINNAEUS) ASCHERSON
. Western Rattlesnakeplantain. Peramium decipiens (HooKER) Piper
. Bur-forget-me-not. Lappula diffusa (LEHMANN) GREENE

. Alpine Forget-me-not. Myosotis alpestris ScamIDT

. White Globeflower. Trollius albiflorus (GRAY) RYDBERG

. Perennial Gaillardia. Gaillardia aristata Pursu

. Ptarmiganberry. Arctous alpina (LInNAEus) NIEDENZU

. Hooded Ladies-ttesses. Ibidium strictum (RYDBERG) House

. Yellow Pentstemon. Pentstemon confertus DouGLAS

. Camas. Quamasia quamash (PuRSH) COVILLE |

. Moss Forget-me-not. Eritrichum elongatum (RYDBERG) W. F. WicHT

. Western Pipsissewa. Chimaphila umbellata vat. occidentalis (RYDBERG) BLAKE
. Red Comandra. Comandra livida RicHARDSON

. Pale Strawberry. Fragaria glauca (WATSON) RYDBERG

. Redstem Saxifrage. Saxifraga lyallii ENGLER

. Yellow Dryad (flower). Dryas drummondit RicHARDSON
. Yellow Dryad (fruit). Dryas drummondit RicHaRDsON

. Heliotrope Valerian. Valeriana sitchensis BONGARD

. Moss Campion. Stlene acaulis LINNAEUS

. Alpine Harebell. Campanula lasiocarpa CHAMIsso

. Harebell. Campanula rotundifolia LINNAEUS

. Red Willowweed. Epilobinm latifolium Linnazus

. Northern Anemone. Anemone parviflora Michaux

. Alberta Paintbrush. Castilleja miniata BENTHAM

. Elephanthead. Pedicularis groenlandica Rerz

374. Lewis Monkeyflower. Mamulus lewisit Pursu

375. Alpine Monkeyflower. Mémulus caespitosus GREENE

376. Aleutian Fleabane. Erigeron unalaschensis (DE CANDOLLE) RYDBERG
377. Whitebark Pine. Pinus albicaulis ENGELMANN

378. Engelmann Spruce. Picea engelmanni (PARRY) ENGELMANN

379. Creeping Juniper. Juniperus horixontalis MoENCH

380. Drummond Willow. Salix drummondiana BARRATT

381. Lyall Latch. Larix lyalliti PARLATORE

382. Crowberry. Emepetrum nigrum LINNAEUS

383. Siberian Onion. Allium sibericum LINNAEUS

384. Slim Larkspur. Delphinium depauperatum NUTTALL

385. Arrowleaf Groundsel. Senecia triangularis HOOKER

386. Wright Pentstemon. Penrstemon wrightii HOOKER

387. White Dawnrose. Pachyloplus marginatus (NUTTALL) RYDBERG
388. Evening-primrose. Pachyloplus hirsutus RYDBERG

3809. Clusterlily. Hookera pauciflora (TORREY) TIDESTROM

390. California Pitcherplant. Chrysamphora californica (TORREY) GREENE
391. Scarlet Mariposa. Calochortus kennedyi PoRTER

392. Bushpoppy. Dendromecon rigidum BENTHAM

393. Mexican Poppy. schscholtzia mexicana GREENE

394. Fire Pentstemon. Pentstemon eatonii GRAY

395. Cardinal Monkeyflower. Méimulus cardinalis Doucias

396. Ocotillo. Fouquieria splendens ENGELMANN

Boy. Lucca. Yucca baileyi Wooton AND STANDLEY

398. Scarlet Globe-mallow. Sphaeralcea grossulaviaefolia (HooKER AND ARNOTT ) RYDBERG
399. Quill-leaf Tillandsia. Tallandsia fasciculata Swartz

400. Catesby Pitcherplant. Sarracenia catesbaei ELLIOTT

FLOWERING DOGWOOD

Cornus florida Linnaeus

Dogwood grows abundantly in the favored regions which it
inhabits. When the tree is in bloom in early spring, the profuse
blossoms appear like a cloud of great snowflakes falling through the
interlaced branches. The large flower buds are well developed before
the leaves fall in autumn. When warmer days have come the four
small bracts, which protect the buds, expand into the white petal-
like organs which surround the yellow-green florets clustered in
the center. The dogwood tree grows toa maximum height of twenty
feet with a trunk sometimes eighteen inches in diameter. Its bark is
gtay and cracked into squares, and the wood is close-gtained and
heavy. Its firm and even texture, and its quality of drying without
cracking, makes it a favorite wood for wedges in lumber camps and
for spindles and bobbins in cotton mills. Dogwood is the State flower
of Virginia, and no mote beautiful and suitable plant could have been
chosen. Occasionally the bracts are pink. Both colot-ty pes ate exten-
sively cultivated, thriving best in a moderately acid soil.

Flowering dogwood is found ftom Florida and Texas northward
to southern Maine, Ontario, and Minnesota, and related species occut
in the Pacific Coast States, and in Japan, Korea, and China.

The sketch was made in Washington, District of Columbia.

PLATE 321

FLOWERING DOGWOOD

Cornus florida Linnaeus
FRUIT OF PLATE 321

As autumn approaches, the leaves of the dogwood assume gotr-
geous tints of crimson and yellow, and at the same season the clus-
ters of brilliant red berries reach theit maturity. Robins and many
other birds are especially fond of the juicy though bitter berries,
and frequently they eat them all before winter comes. The seeds ate
stored by small mammals for winter use. Sometimes the fruits te-
main on the tree until far into the winter. In late autumn, in some
places, they are so abundant as to give a ted color to the woods.

Dogwood is found from Florida to Texas, and northward to
southern Maine, Ontario, and Minnesota.

‘The branch illustrated grew near Fairfax, Virginia, a region whete
the berries are exceptionally large and well developed.

PLATE 322

WITCH-HAZEL

Hamamelis virginiana Linnaeus

In late autumn, when the leaves have nearly all fallen, and all
other flowers long since have faded, the witch-hazel comes into
bloom.

For now the gray witch-hazel gives her flowers,
Her tiny blooms, that sweeten all the air,
To greet November's sun and chilly showers,
With something dainty, hardy, sweet and fair.
Elusive, drifting, cool and vaguely sweet,
It gives the day a meaning all its own,
November’s incense, as she comes to meet
The winter, when all flower scents have flown.

L. CiaubeE.

The dainty pale yellow flowets sprawl] from the axils of the yellow
tinted leaves, and sometimes open even after the last leaf has fallen.
The fruits do not ripen until almost a year has passed. Then the hard
dry seeds are shot from the slowly splitting capsules to a distance of
many yards from the parent plant. Witch-hazel was named by the
early colonists from a fancied resemblance to another plant known
to them in western Europe, and much of the folk-lore connected
with the latter was transferred with the name. The twigs ate sup-
posed to possess occult powets when in the hands of persons capable
of interpreting the movements, and to reveal the presence of water
or mineral deposits. Witch-hazel is used in medicine, because of the
soothing properties of the distilled extract.

The witch-hazels belong to a small plant family distantly related
to the roses. The species here described is found from Florida north-
watd to Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Minnesota. A relative that grows
from Louisiana to Missouri blooms in earliest spring.

The specimens painted grew near Washington, District of Colum-
bia.

PLATE 323

MAYPOP

Passiflora incarnata Linnaeus

The Passionflower Family of three hundted and fifty species is ex-
clusively American, and nearly all the species are inhabitants of the
tropics. Only a few ate found in the United States and of these the
may pop is hardy as far north as Virginia and even farther northward.
It is a vigorous vine, often growing thirty feet in length, with many
tendrils and rich green leaves. The peculiarly scented flowers attract
universal attention by theit complicated structure and coloring. The
vatious organs of the flower suggested to the devout Spaniards
the objects associated with the passion of our Lord, and the Latin
name was given in consequence. The fruit is as large as a hen’s egg
and pale yellow. Its smooth rind is very tough, and the many and
large seeds are surrounded by a juicy sweet pulp, which is eaten by
children. Some of the tropical passionflowers are highly esteemed
for their edible fruits of superior flavor. The common name of the
plant refers to the loud popping noise that it makes when squeezed
until it bursts. Tennessee has adopted it as the State flower.

The maypop grows from Florida to Texas and northward to
Virginia, southern Indiana, and Missouri. It is easily cultivated, but
is not safe to introduce into small gardens, because of its spreading
tendencies.

The sketch was made from specimens secured near Savannah,

Georgia.

PLATE 324

SWEETBAY

Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus

Sweetbay is found in swampy woods or deep swamps whete it is
usually a shrub, although sometimes attaining the size of a tree. The
leathery leaves are silvery beneath, and their upper surface is a rich
dark green. The solitary flowers are borne at the tips of the branches,
where the creamy petals contrast pleasingly with the deeply colored
foliage. Their delicious and pervasive odor is theit greatest attraction.
Long after the flowers have passed they are succeeded by a cone-
shaped fruit in which, when fully ripe, the separate parts split open,
and the seeds with their bright red fleshy covering dangle by slender
threads. When the thread finally breaks, the seeds are blown by the
wind to substantial distances. While beavers wete abundant they
felled the trunks of these trees for building their dams, and they were
so fond of the bark that it was employed Page to bait beaver
traps. Sweetbay is often called beaver tree.

This striking member of the Magnolia Family is found atound
the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Texas and Arkansas, and north-
ward along the Atlantic coastal plain to Pennsylvania and Massachu-
setts. It always grows in the most acid of soils, and thrives in culti-
vation only if planted in such soils.

It grows plentifully in the neighborhood of Washington, District
of Columbia, where this specimen was found.

PLATE 325

LAMBKILL

Kalmia angustifolia Linnaeus

Lambkill, although closely related to mountain laurel, is conspic-
uously different in its low stature and smaller but more brightly
colored flowers. It is a beautiful member of the Heath Family. The
shrub grows from six inches to thtee feet in height, and where it
is plentiful, colors the hillsides or swamps with its rich crimson.
The plant, as its popular name intimates, is very poisonous to stock,
which sometimes eat the young leaves. Its poisonous properties wete
well known to the Indians who inhabited the Eastern States.

This species has a wide range. It is found from Georgia to Michi-
gan and northward to Newfoundland and Hudson Bay.

The sketch was made from specimens collected near Washing-
ton, District of Columbia.

PLATE 326

PINK LADYSLIPPER

Cypripedium acaule Aiton

Pink ladyslipper, often called moccasin-flower, is always a delight
to the flower lover, for it seems like some exotic visitor. In fact it
is not surpassed in beauty by many of the choicest orchids of the
tropics. It adapts itself readily to cultivation in a wild garden if suit-
able acid soil is provided, for it is one of the most acid-loving of
all our native plants. It reappears year after year when once estab-
lished. The term acaule, meaning “stemless,’ applies to the leaves and
not to the flower, for the latter grows at the top of a slender stem
springing up between two broad green leaves which often lie close
against the soil. It is the largest flower produced by any of out native
northern orchids. Bumblebees ate attracted to the nectar and enter
the pouch, at the top of which it is secreted. Frequently, however,
they find escape difficult, sometimes even biting theit way out to free-
dom. Those which manage to emerge through the openings beside
the anthers rub off some of the sticky pollen, and without knowing
it, carry this to another flower and leave it on the stigma there, thus
bringing about cross-pollination and the production of fertile seed.

Pink ladyslipper is found from the mountains of Alabama north-
ward to Newfoundland and westward to Manitoba.

The flowets sketched grew neat Washington, District of Colum-
bia.

PLATE 327

PAPAW

Asimina triloba (Linnaeus) Dunal

The papaw is a tall shrub or small tree from ten to forty-five
feet in height. It grows in rich ground along river bottoms, where
owing to the soft and unobtrusive coloring of the flowers, it is
easily ovetlooked when in bloom. The flowets appear earlier than
the leaves, along with those of dogwood and redbud, but the fruits.
do not ripen until October. They grow singly or in spatse bunches,
and are of the size and shape of short stout bananas. When ripe,
they ate colored deep yellow. Opinions differ as to their palatabil-
ity, but many petsons enjoy their sweet aromatic flavor. The old
French settlers called them “assimin,” a name derived from that
used in a dialect of the Algonquian Indians, and the genus name
is derived from this term. The papaw belongs to the tropical Anona
Family, but the eight species of Asimina ate all native in the south-
ern United States.

This specimen grew on Plummets Island, Maryland, near Wash-
ington, District of Columbia. |

Papaw ranges from Florida westward to Texas and Kansas and
northward to New York, southern Ontario, and Michigan.

PLATE 328

DRUMMOND PITCHERPLANT

Sarracenia drummondiz Croom

The thrill of finding a pitcherplant in bloom is a rare experience,
for the petals of these plants are short lived. The umbrella left be-
hind is a curious object, but it lacks the distinctive beauty of the per-
fect flower, with its brilliant petals. Many insects are attracted to the
treacherous pitchers and are lured to their death. Of all our wild
flowers, pitcherplants are the most fascinating from the standpoint
of their relations to insects, excepting only the orchids. They yield
teadily to cultivation in a cool greenhouse, when given the proper
acid soil, and abundant moisture about their roots, approximating
natural conditions. This may be accomplished by the use of a double
pot, with peat moss in the interspace. |

Drummond Pitcherplant is one of the largest of the several species
of the genus, its pitchers reaching a height of three or even four
feet. It is native ina rather restricted area along the Gulf Coast, from
southwestern Georgia and western Florida to southern Mississippi.

The plant painted was brought into bloom in the greenhouses of
the Department of Agriculture in Washington.

PLATE 329

YELLOW CUCUMBERTREE

Magnolia cordata Michaux

Yellow cucumbertree is one of the rare members of the Mag-
nolia Family, its range being confined to the State of Georgia. This
species has had a peculiar history, having been discovered by Michaux
in the course of his famous exploration trips in this country in the
latter part of the eighteenth century, then being lost to science for a
long period, and rediscovered in the wild in recent years.

A fine specimen on the grounds of the Department of Agricul-
ture in Washington always draws much attention, especially when
adorned with its showy blossoms. The flowers resemble somewhat
those of the tuliptree, which indeed is a close relative, but the cu-
cumbertree flowers earlier in the season.

The specimen sketched was given me by the Honorable Henry C.
Wallace, at that time Secretary of Agriculture.

PLATE 330

JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT

Arisaema triphyllum (Linnaeus) Torrey

Jack-in-the-pulpit, sometimes called Indian turnip, comes into
bloom in spring along with violets and columbines. It thrives in
tich moist woods, and in favorable surroundings develops into a
plant two feet tall. Some spathes contain staminate flowers and others
pistillate flowers. In some cases both staminate and pistillate flowers
ate found in the same plant, the latter growing above the former, at
the base of the club. The fruit, which consists of a ball of bright ted
berries, ripens in September. The bulblike corm, sunk deep in the
ground, is very pungent when tasted raw, causing the mouth and
tongue to burn for hours afterward. It was used by the Indians as
food, however, after baking or boiling to remove the irritating sub-
stances.

The Arum family, to which Jack-in-the-pulpit belongs, is com-
posed chiefly of tropical plants but includes the skunkcabbage, wild
calla, greendragon,and goldenclub, as well as the cultivated calla.

Jack-in-the-pulpit is found from Florida to Kansas and northward
to Nova Scotia and Minnesota. Our specimen grew at Bryn Mawr,
Pennsylvania.

Jack-in-the-pulpit preaches today,
Under the green trees, just over the way;

Squirrel and song sparrow high on their perch,
Hear the sweet lily-bells ringing to church.

Come hear what his reverence rises to say,

In his low painted pulpit, this calm Sabbath day.

Fair 1s the canopy over him seen

Penciled by nature’s hand, black, brown and green.

Green is his surplice, green are his bands;

In his queer little pulpit, the little priest stands.
CiaRA SMITH

PLATE 331

BLUE PEAG BRIS

Iris versicolor Linnaeus

Blueflag iris loves swamps and wet meadows because it requites
ample moisture in order to flourish. Its blue flowers attract bees and
other insects; these are necessary to the formation of viable seeds, for
the shape and arrangement of the petals ate such as to make self pol-
lination impossible. The thick root is considered poisonous, and al-
though this 1s not fully substantiated, the foliage evidently contains
a tepellent, for cattle never eat it. The irises derive their name from
the Greek word meaning rainbow.

Blueflag iris has a wide range, growing from the mountains of
North Carolina northward to Newfoundland. Closely related species
also occur in adjoining territory.

The specimen sketched grew near Washington, District of Colum-
bia.

PLATE 332

VIRGINIA STEWARTIA

Stewartia malachodendron Linnaeus

The few species of stewartia found in the southeastern United
States and eastern Asia are all rare and local plants, familiar to few
botanists. Their beauty deserves for them a wider acquaintance. This
stewartia is a shrub growing from six to twelve feet high, and is
usually found in low woods. The unusual coloring of the stamens,
especially the anthers, gives the flowers a very remarkable appearance,
and the leaves in autumn are colored brilliantly with red and orange.
The genus name was given in honor of John Stuart, Earl of Bute, a
patron of botany, but Linnaeus adopted the name in the form Stew-
artta. It belongs to the Tea Family.

Stewartia ranges from Florida to Virginia and west to Louisiana.

The sketch was made from a specimen gathered on Ladys Island
neat Beaufort, South Carolina.

PLATE 333

WAX TRILLIUM
Trillium album (Michaux) Small

Wax trilltum is one of the trillitums which is little known and
seldom seen, but for that very reason, it is of greater interest when
found. Moist woods and thickets ate its favorite habitat. Since it
thrives in cultivation in a wild garden, as do most of its relatives, it
may be enjoyed each succeeding spring. It may be a color form of the
well-known purple trilltum (Trillium erectum). It occurs as tsolated
plants throughout the range of that species, from the mountains of
Georgia and Alabama to Nova Scotia and Manitoba. The trilliums
belong to the Lily Family, and the numerous species occurring in
North America are distributed from coast to coast.

The specimen sketched was obtained from a wild garden near
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.

PLATE 334

Ee isOiLny PN

Pinus taeda Linnaeus

We ate so apt to consider the various kinds of pine trees as similar
and uninteresting, that when a loblolly pine is investigated in its
blooming season in earliest spring, its curious flowers shedding their
clouds of dustlike pollen are an unexpected novelty. Produced plen-
tifully at the tips of the twigs, they are so abundant, as to give a
brownish tinge to the whole tree. The embryonic cones ate inconspic-
uous at this season, reaching their full size only at the end of autumn,
but they enlarge after pollination has occurred. Loblolly pine is a large
forest tree occasionally reaching a height of one hundred and fifty
feet, with a trunk five feet in diameter. It springs up in clearings or in
old fields and 1s often called oldfield pine. The long leaves are usually
in threes. The wood 1s coarse-grained and brittle.

Loblolly pine ranges from Florida north to Delaware and New
Jersey and west to Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.

The sketch was made at Beaufort, South Carolina.

PLATE 335

FRINGED GENTIAN

Gentiana crinita Froelich

Fringed gentian is a plant always surrounded with sentiment,
which is reflected in Bryant’s lines:

Thou waitest late, and comest alone

When woods are bare and birds have flown,
And frosts and shortening days portend
The aged year is near his end.

Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye
Look through its fringes to the sky,
Blue—blue—as if that sky let fall

A flower from its cerulean wall.

In some years the fringed gentian may be found growing plenti-
fully in a given locality, but the next season it may be sought in vain
inthe same spot. The fact that the plant is a biennial, flowering only in
its second season, sometimes accounts for this,although in some places
other individuals come into bloom in the in-between yeats. The seeds,
although numerous, are very small and light and easily washed away
by tain or blown about by the wind. There are seven hundred mem-
bers of the Gentian Family, most of them found in temperate and
atctic regions, although many others grow in the higher mountains
of tropical countries. The name is derived from that of King Gentius
of Illyria. |

Fringed gentian has a wide range, from the mountains of Georgia
to Quebec and South Dakota.

The flowers sketched were obtained near Mount Kisco, New York.

PLATE 336

WHITE EPIDENDRUM

Epidendrum nocturnum Jaquin

In the deep cypress swamps of southern Florida the white epiden-
drum, known locally as bark orchid, is of frequent occurrence, al-
though sometimes it is perched so high upon the tree that it is
difficult to discover. The vety minute seeds, carried by the breeze to
some branch, germinate and develop slowly, if the conditions are ex-
actly right, into tiny plants which require several years to reach ma-
turity. The plants cling tightly by their thick, fleshy roots to the
branches. The white flowers of this epidendrum, although not so
showy as those of some of its tropical relatives, ate very beautiful, and
like the blossoms of most orchids, they last for a long time after they
have opened. Their fragrance, which 1s especially noticeable at night,
is attractive to moths, which feed on the nectar and unwittingly ac-
complish cross-pollination in carrying the pollen from flower to
flower.

The dense hammocks of the lower Florida wilds bordering Coot
Bay and the ramifying channels leading to and from it in Monroe
County contain probably the finest development of epiphytic plants
in the United States. Here many species of orchids, bromeliads, and
ferns, in endless number, drape and festoon the branches to form a
veritable hanging garden.

This specimen came from Coot Bay, Florida. The plant is rather
generally distributed in the West Indies and elsewhere in ttopical
America.

PLATE 337

BLUEBEAD

Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Rafinesque

Bluebead is found in cool, mossy, shady woods, whete its hand-
some large green leaves draw attention to the greenish-yellow bell-
shaped flowers which ate borne on a sturdy stem well above them.
The large dark blue fleshy fruits, to which the common name refers,
ate mote conspicuous than the flowers. They ate held upright on
their stiff stems, and are familiar to every nature lover who visits
the northern woods in late summer. The Clintonias were named for
DeWitt Clinton, Governor of New York, who was an enthusiastic
botanist. They belong to the Lily Family.

This species has a wide range, occurring from the high mountains
of North Carolina westward to Wisconsin and northwatd to New-
foundland and Minnesota. 7

The plant sketched was obtained neat Canandaigua, New York.

PLATE 338

VYEMEOW TEROUTLILY

Erythronium americanum Ker

Yellow troutlily is one of our early spring flowers, making its ap-
peatance at the same time as bloodroot and toothwort. The lush
leaves are as fresh and lovely as the blossoms. These almost close at
night, and open only sluggishly in daylight, failing to revive when
picked. The shady meadows bordering streams are their favored hab-
itat, and here mats of the leaves, sometimes actes in extent, often
closely carpet the ground. Only a few individuals bear flowers, how-
ever, for like many other wild flowers several years are necessary for
its bulbs to mature. The troutlilies belong to the Lily Family, and the
apptoved common name, which was coined by the famous naturalist,
John Burroughs, emphasizes this fact. The name used in some books,
dogtooth violet, is highly inappropriate, for the flower does not bear
the slightest resemblance to a violet.

Yellow troutlily has a wide range, from Florida to Arkansas, and
north to Minnesota, Ontario, and Nova Scotia.

The specimens sketched grew near Washington, District of Colum-

bia.

PLATE 339

YELLOW FRINGEORCHID

Habenaria ciliaris (Linnaeus) Robert Brown

Yellow fringeorchid is one of our showy tepresentatives of the
Orchid Family, and its only rival in brilliance of coloration in its ac-
customed habitat is the cardinalflower. The accepted common name
is somewhat inappropriate, however, for its color is really of a de-
cidedly orange hue. Growing two or three feet in height, in a ferny
meadow or wet bog, ot on the banks of a quiet stream, its bright
orange color beckons the long-tongued butterflies and moths to visit
it. In twilight it is easily seen by the large moths which hover over
it; these are often mistaken for humming birds through the simi-
larity in their manner of flight. It is a sturdy and elegant plant, and
to find it growing in perfect development is a joy never to be
forgotten. |

Yellow fringeorchid has a wide range, from Florida to Texas and
northward to Vermont, Ontario, and Michigan. It can be cultivated
only in highly acid soil.

The sketch was made from plants gathered near Bridgeport,
Connecticut.

PLATE 3,40

WHITEFLOWERING RASPBERRY

Rubus parviflorus Nuttall

The slightly crinkled petals of the whiteflowering raspberry ate
conspicuous against their background of rich green maple-shaped
leaves. It is fully as attractive as its eastern relative, the flowering
taspbetry, which bears purple flowers. The whiteflowering rasp-
berry grows from two to six feet tall, the lower part of the stems
being brown and woody. It frequents rich woods often at high alti-
tudes in the mountains. The berries are disappointing to the taste,
and full of small seeds. The plant belongs to the Rose Family, its
range extending from extreme northern Mexico to California and
Alaska, and eastward to Michigan and westernmost Ontario.

In the vicinity of Glacier, British Columbia, where the sketch was
made, and all through the Selkirk Mountains, it is especially abundant.
This specimen was obtained at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 341

SALTMARSH ROSEGENTIAN

Sabbatia stellaris Pursh

The delicate star-shaped flowers of marsh rosegentian are distrib-
uted plentifully in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast, and actes of
the flowers may be seen in favored places in midsummer. The color
varies from white to deep pink. The contrast between the color
of the petals and the carmine-bordered yellow eye is most pleasing.
Many other Sabbatias grow in the eastern half of the United States,
especially southward. Some of them have even larger and brighter
flowers than the saltmarsh rosegentian. The Sabbatias belong to the
Gentian Family.

Because of its preference for salt, this plant does not extend in-
land, but it spreads along the coast from Florida to Louisiana and
Maine. The flowers sketched were found near Bridgeport, Connecti-

cut.

PLATE 342

FRINGED PARNASSIA

Parnassia fimbriata Konig

Fringed parnassia is a hardy and beautiful plant, closely related to
the Saxiftage Family. The dainty flower stalks spring from a cluster
of smooth green leaves, each stem supporting a single creamy white
flower about an inch across, and the delicate fringes along the sides
of the petals are a feature seldom found in flowers. The plants grow
plentifully along rivulets, and on moist banks irrigated by snow-
water. The size of the plant varies greatly with altitude. In low-
lying valleys the flower stems may be two feet tall, but on higher
mountain slopes only an inch or two in length.

Fringed parnassia is distributed from California and New Mexico
northward to Alberta and Alaska.

The plant sketched grew near Lake O'Hara, ten miles from Hec-
tor, British Columbia, at an altitude of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 343

BOURGEAU ROSE

Rosa bourgeauiana Crepin

If you happen to journey in June to the upper Columbia River
Valley, British Columbia, you will be rewarded by seeing the wild
roses in full bloom. In no other part of the country whete we ttav-
eled, except near Banff, do they show such marvelous color and size,
or grow so plentifully. Their delicious odor is everywhere. The
sturdy bushes frequently grow to a height of four feet or more.
Their woody brown stems ate well protected by many slender
down-curved spines. Four States have chosen the rose as their of-
ficial flower—Iowa, North Dakota, New York, and Georgia, but
the particular rose so honored is not always designated. Georgia has
chosen the cherokee rose, introduced long ago from China.

The Bourgeau rose is found from Colorado and Montana north-
watd to British Columbia and Mackenzie, and rarely eastward to
Ontario.

The plant sketched was obtained near Lake Minnewonka, ten miles
from Banff, Alberta, Canada, at an altitude of 4,500 feet.

PLATE 3,44

BOURGEAU ROSE

Rosa bourgeauiana Crepin
FRUIT OF PLATE 344

The beautiful flowers of the Bourgeau rose are followed by the
conspicuous red fruits or hips. They have a pleasant flavor, but are
irritating to the human throat. They are a favorite food of many birds
and small mammals. Formerly, before so many delicious fruits were
obtainable, rose hips were used to fill tarts, and in northern Europe a
kind of fruit soup was made from them. In the United States they
were used in jelly by those seeking novelties of this sort.

The Bourgeau rose is found from Colorado and Montana, north-
watd to British Columbia, Alberta and Mackenzie, and eastward to
Ontario.

Near Sinclair Canyon, Alberta, where this specimen was gathered,
they grew in large quantities at an altitude of 3,000 feet.

PLATE 3,45

PURPLE PENTSTEMON

Pentstemon lyallii Gray

Purple pentstemon is one of the finest of all the pentstemons,
especially when it finds a congenial situation. In disintegrated lime-
stone it thrives luxuriantly, often forming low dense clumps two or
three feet in diameter and completely coveted with large purple
blossoms which tesemble those of foxglove, one of its relatives. The
flowers, borne at the ends of the stems, are so heavy that they weigh
the branches to the ground. On slopes above timberline whete it is
subjected to severe climatic conditions it is very beautiful in contrast
with gtay rocks, especially when growing in tock crevices.

Purple pentstemon belongs to the Figwort Family and ranges
from Idaho and Montana northward to Alberta and British Columbia.

We gathered them in perfection in Sinclait Canyon, near Radium
Hot Springs, British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,000 feet.

PLATE 3,46

GANADA VIOLET

Viola canadensis Linnaeus

Canada violet is easily recognized, because its habit of growth is
different from that of most members of the Violet Family. The plants
grow to a height of six inches or even two feet in favored situations,
and the pale, rather inconspicuous, slightly scented flowets spring
from the axils of the leaves. The Canada violet prefers moist shady
places in the proximity of pines and fits, but it grows also in alpine
meadows. Its flowering season is longer than that of most violets,
lasting well into the summer.

The wide range of Canada violet makes it a familiar plant to many
flower lovers. It occuts from the mountains of Alabama and Arizona
northward to Newfoundland and Alaska.

The sketch was made at Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada, where the
plant was found at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 3,47

WOOLLY ARNICA

Arnica tomentosa Macoun

Woolly arnica is one of many species of this genus, which belongs
to the Aster Family. It is a graceful perennial with large bright yel-
low flower heads produced at the ends of the stems. Like other parts
of the plant the leaves are conspicuously woolly, hence the appropri-
ateness of the name given to it. We found this atnica growing high
on the mountainside where it maintained a precatious foot-hold in
shallow soil in crevices of limestone tocks.

This species has a narrow tange, occurting only in Alberta and
British Columbia.

The plant illustrated was gathered in the valley of the Siffleur
Rivet, British Columbia, at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 348

STRAW BERRY-BLITE

Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus) Ascherson

The flowets of strawberty-blite are small, greenish, and inconspicu-
ous. The plant is showy, however, in late summer when in fruit. It
produces quantities of globular, pulpy, berrylike fruits crowded on
the stems, which appeat too weak to carry such a heavy load. It is
sometimes called Indian strawberry, although it is not at all related
to the true strawberries, being a member of the Goosefoot Family.
The fruit is not eaten, but the Indians used the ted juice of the fruit
as a dye.

This plant has a wide tange, occurring from New Jersey north-
watd to Nova Scotia and westwatd to Illinois, California,and Alaska.
It is found also in Europe and Asia.

The specimens painted were gathered by the side of the motor
toad in the Bow Valley between Banff and Lake Louise, Albetta, at
an altitude of 4,000 feet.

PLATE 349

WESTERN RATTLESNAKEPLANTAIN

Peramium decipiens (Hooker) Piper

The common name applied to this plant refers to the resemblance
of the beautiful white veinings of the leaves to the markings on a
rattlesnake. It seems a pity to be obliged to include the word “plan-
tain” in its name, however, for it is not in any way related to the weeds
to which this name applies, being instead a delicate orchid. The tech-
nical name of the genus is not used in all books, some authors pre-
ferring to substitute Epipactis or Goodyera. The rosette of leaves is mote
conspicuous than the flowers, which are borne, usually, on one side
of a stout stem. The plant loves decaying wood, and it grows fre-
quently under evergreen trees where the air is cool and damp, though
the soil is dry.

Western rattlesnakeplantain occuts from the mountains of New
Mexico and California northward to British Columbia and sparingly
eastward to the Great Lakes region, and even to northern Maine and
Quebec.

We found it in the Selkirk Mountains twenty miles beyond Gla-
cier, British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,000 feet.

PLATE 350

BUR-FORGET-ME-NOT
Lappula diffusa (Lehmann) Greene

But-forget-me-not is a lovely plant growing two feet in height
and beating a profusion of delicately scented blue flowers. When it
was in fruit we wete disillusioned as to its character, for we found
that each flower produced a small round bur covered with prickles
which attached itself to any passing object and was difficult to loosen.
The plant is especially plentiful in the tracks of old snow slides, for
it delights in the cool moisture of slopes where much snow has
melted. Sometimes the flowers are white.

But-forget-me-not ranges from Colorado to California and north-
ward to Alberta and British Columbia.

We found the plant growing near Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada,
at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 351

ALPINE FORGET-ME-NOT

Myosotis alpestris Schmidt

Alpine forget-me-not has lovely blue, slightly scented flowets,
densely clustered, with deep yellow centers. It ptefets moist alpine
slopes neat timberline, and here it is found in perfection, coming into
flower throughout the summer as the snow tecedes. Like many al-
pine plants, it has shorter stems when it grows at higher elevations
on the mountain sides, and there it may properly be described as a
cluster of blue flowets surrounded by a rosette of green hairy leaves.

The forget-me-nots belong to the Borage Family. This one has a
comparatively nattow range in North America, occurring from Col-
orado to Alberta and Alaska. It is found also in Europe and Asia.

In the tegion near Baker Lake, ten miles from Lake Louise,
Alberta, where these flowets were gathered, it grows in perfection
at an altitude of 6,500 feet.

PLATE 352

WHITE GLOBEFLOWER
Trollius albiflorus (Gray) Rydberg

Alpine meadows, the wet matgins of streams, and the edges of
melting snow patches ate the places most frequented by the white
globeflower. It blooms so early in the season that it is usually in fruit
before the eastern visitor arrives, though often retarded plants may
be found in blossom even at the end of the summer, pushing thtough
a thin sheet of ice at the border of an obstinate snowbank. The globe-
flower belongs to the Buttercup Family, and looks much like some
of its cousins of that group, the anemones.

The range of this species is from Colorado to Washington, Alberta,
and British Columbia.

We gathered it in the meadows near Mount Assiniboine, fifty
miles south of Banff, Alberta, at an altitude of 6,500 feet.

PLATE 353

PERENNIAL GAUL LARD Ty

Gaitllardia avistata Pursh

Perennial gaillardia is one of the gaudiest of the mountain flowers,
and in its abundance and display of color recalls the familiar black-
eyed-susan of eastern pastutes. We often found the flowerheads so
large and beautiful that the plant seems to have no need of improve-
ment by the hand of man, although this gaillardia was brought into
cultivation long ago, and is now a well-known garden plant all over
the world. It prefers dry slopes and many fine flowerheads are often
borne on a single plant. It belongs to the great Aster Family. This
and other species of gaillardia are often seen in gardens.

Perennial gaillardia ranges from Colorado and South Dakota to
Oregon and British Columbia.

This specimen grew neat Emerald Lake,seven miles from Field,
British Columbia, at an altitude of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 354

PTARMIGANBERRY

Arctous alpina (Linnaeus) Niedenzu

This dwarf shrub of the Heath Family is a colorful plant in
autumn when its leaves turn crimson and it is decorated with ted
berries. Growing flat on the ground, it makes brilliant patches of
color under the willows, aldets, and scrub pines which form open
thickets over the shaly flats deposited by glacial streams. By some
authorities the red-berried form here pictured is separated as a vatiety
from the more widespread black-berried one. Under the name Arcrous
enythrocarpa ot Arctous alpina rubra, the ptarmiganberty grows at high
altitudes in widely separated districts of Maine, New Hampshire, and
Greenland, and from British Columbia to Alaska. It occuts also in
Europe and Asia.

The plant was especially beautiful in Douglas Canyon Valley,
which leads from Red Deer River Valley, fifty miles by trail north
of Lake Louise, Alberta, where we found it at an altitude of 6,000
tect:

PLATE 355

HOODED LADIES-TRESSES

Ibidium strictum (Rydberg) House

Hooded ladies-tresses is later in blooming than most of our native
otchids, and often delays flowering until the end of summer. It grows
in moist or swampy places, in low meadows or near the borders of
streams. It is a very sweet-scented plant and is often abundant whete
congenial soil and moisture conditions exist. Cross-pollination of the
flowets is insuted by their intricate structure, and bees carry the pol-
len from one flower to another. Darwin's interesting observations on
this process have been recorded in great detail, and he and Asa Gray
had an extensive correspondence upon the subject. |

The plant has a wide range, extending in one form or another from
Pennsylvania to Newfoundland, New Mexico, California,and Alaska.
Perhaps mote than one species is included in this citation of tange,
as those from the east and from the west look rather dissimilar.

The flowets sketched were obtained in the Siffleur River Valley,
fifty miles by trail north of Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude of
4,500 feet.

PLATE 356

YELEOW PENT STEMON

Pentstemon confertus Douglas

Yellow pentstemon is a graceful member of the Figwort Family.
In congenial surroundings it is very plentiful, although inconspicu-
ous on account of the pale coloring of its flowets, which are grouped
in several whorls along the stem. Altitude affects the plant greatly;
in the lower valleys it may grow to a height of two feet, but at a
high elevation the stem is only a few inches tall. Yellow flowers are
tare among the pentstemons, which ate represented in the Rocky
Mountains bya number of species, most of them with white or purple
blossoms.

This pentstemon extends from Wyoming to California, and north-
ward to Alberta and British Columbia.

The plant sketched grew in the valley of Cataract Creek near Hec-
tor, British Columbia, at an altitude of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 357

CAMAS

Quamasia quamash (Putsh) Coville

Camas is a telative of the lilies and hyacinths. It grows in large
quantities in open meadows ot boggy fields. When in bloom in early
spring a camas meadow appears at a distance like a blue lake. The
bulbs were used extensively as food by the northwestern Indians.
When boiled they resemble potatoes in flavor. If baked over hot
stones enclosed in a covering of grass for thirty-six hours they have
a delicious chestnut flavor. Father de Smet in his “Oregon Missions”
terms the bulb “the queen root of this clime.”

This lovely camas ranges from Utah, Montana, and northern Cali-
fornia to British Columbia.

The sketch was made from plants growing at the east entrance to
Glacier National Park, Montana.

PLATE 358

MOSS FORGET-ME-NOT
Eritrichum elongatum (Rydberg) W.F. Wight

This member of the Borage Family, whose flowers look so much
like a true forget-me-not, is one of the plants that have adapted them-
selves to severe alpine conditions. Growing above timberline where
there is little shelter from storm and wind, it hugs the ground, its
woody toot firmly inserted in some ctevice, whete barely sufficient
soil has collected to permit its growth. Its flowets nestle in a mass of
gray moss-like leaves, whose somber coloring enhances the rare blue
of the flowers.

Moss forget-me-not ranges through the Rocky Mountains from
New Mexico to Montana and Oregon.

The specimen painted was found on a trail that carried us away
from the lower valleys near Apollonaris Spring in Yellowstone Na-
tional Park, Montana.

PLATE 359

WESTERN PIPSISSEWA
Chimaphila umbellata vat. occidentalis (Rydberg) Blake

Pipsissewa is a shy plant retiring to moss-covered banks in cold
dark woods. Its delightful odor calls attention to its presence and its
glossy evergreen leaves and dainty pink flowers are soon discovered.
After the flowers have withered, the brown seed pods remain some-
times throughout the winter scattering the seeds to the wind. Pip-
sissewa belongs to the Pyrola group of the Heath Family, and is called
sometimes prince's pine. |

Western pipsissewa is distributed from New Mexico to Montana,
California, and Alaska. Its eastern relative is the typical form of the
species and is widespread in the northeastern United States and Canada.

The plant sketched grew on the shore of Emerald Lake, near Field,
British Columbia, at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 360

RED COMANDRA

Comandra livida Richardson

Red comandra belongs to the Sandalwood Family, which has few
tepresentatives in this country, most of its members being shrubs and
trees of the tropics. It is parasitic on the roots of other plants, and it
withers immediately when gathered. The light green flowers are
small and inconspicuous, but the fruits, when they mature in mid-
summer, ate of a vivid striking red. Two other comandras with
greenish or yellowish fruits ate widely distributed in the United
States.

This species of comandra has a wide range, occurring from the
mountains of Vermont to Labrador, and across Canada to British
Columbia and even Alaska.

We gathered the plant near Glacier Lake on the headwaters of
the Saskatchewan River, fifty miles north of Lake Louise at an alti-
tude of 6,000 feet, where this sketch was made.

PLATE 361

PALE STRAWBERRY

Fragaria glauca (Watson) Rydberg

Wild strawberries grow almost evety where in the Canadian Rock-
ies. Their large white flowers with yellow centets and the bright red
fruits which follow them ate known to all campers. Later in the sea-
son the leaves turn red. The plants propagate by runners, produced
after the fruiting season. A tea made from the leaves is most effica-
cious in intestinal complaints, and its properties were known to the
Indians, who often chewed the leaves for the same purpose. Wild
sttawberries are found throughout most of the United States and
Canada, and also extend fat southward along the mountains of Mexico.
Long ago they wete brought into cultivation, and they have been im-
ptoved greatly, at least in size, by horticulturists.

This member of the Rose Family ranges from Nevada, New Mex-
ico, and South Dakota to British Columbia.

The sketch was made from a specimen collected in the valley of
Baker Creek, thirty miles by trail from Lake Louise, at an altitude of
5,000 feet.

PLATE 3.62

REDSTEM SAXIFRAGE

Saxifraga lyallit Engler

When traveling over the higher mountain regions above timber-
line, we frequently found the sloping banks of the tiny valleys spread
with carpets of redstem saxifrage. Where the soil was wet by drip-
pings from snowbanks, the tiny red and white flowers, carried well
above the tufts of leaves on their red stems, reached their greatest
perfection. When clumps of parnassia ate associated with them, the
effect is beautiful indeed.

Redstem saxiftage isa plant of narrow range, being found only from
Montana and Alberta to British Columbia and Alaska.

The flowets sketched were obtained near Baker Lake, fifteen miles
by trail from Lake Louise, at an altitude of 6,500 feet.

PLATE 363

YELEOW DRY AD

Dryas drummondi Richardson

As yellow dryad is usually seen by mountain visitors, its mats of
crinkled leaves ate surmounted by fluffy seed heads, for the flowets
open early and last for only a brief season. The plant grows most pro-
fusely in gravelly glacial stream bottoms, in limestone soil. Hete it
abounds until overwhelmed in midsummer by the high waters of
melting glacial ice, surviving only on portions of the stream banks
left undisturbed by the rushing water. The pale yellow flower always
turns its face downward, and does not open fully to the sunlight. The
dryads belong to the Rose Family.

This species is found often at high elevations, from Quebec to
Montana, British Columbia, and Alaska.

The specimen sketched was ptocured in the Ice River Valley,
twenty-five miles by trail from Leanchoil Station on the Canadian
Pacific Railroad, British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 364

YELLOW DRYAD

Dryas drummondii Richardson
FRUIT OF PLATE 364

When the flowers of yellow dryad are past, their stalks lengthen
and soon the twisted seed heads develop into balls of fluff. These are
borne on dainty stems about six inches above the close mats of gray-
green leaves. Near Glacier Lake they grew in fairy rings. The soft
pink fluffy fruits were very beautiful. The horses considered them
only from the practical standpoint, and enjoyed eating them.

This member of the Rose Family is found in the mountains from
Quebec to Montana, British Columbia and Alaska.

In the valley of the Siffleur River, fifty miles north of Lake Louise,
by trail, the plant grew in abundance, and here we obtained these
specimens at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 365

HELIOTROPE VALERIAN

Valeriana sitchensis Bongard

Heliotrope valerian grows plentifully in moist upland meadows,
ot on open mountain slopes, its tall succulent stems lifting the heads
of white or pinkish flowers well above the suffounding vegetation.
The flowers ate very sweet-scented with a fragrance su ggesting heli-
ottope and attract numerous small insects. If they are gathered and
placed in water, however, the penetrating odor so characteristic of the
Valerian Family becomes clearly noticeable and the water turns pink.
The odor of the roots persists long after they are dry. Numerous
species of valerian grow in the United States, especially in the West.

Heliotrope valerian is found from Montana and Oregon north to
Yukon and Alaska. |

The flowers sketched were obtained near Hector, British Columbia,
at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 3,66

MOSS CAMPION

Silene acaulis Linnaeus

Moss campion is one of the most attractive of the alpine plants and
one frequently seen by the mountaineer climbing above timberline.
Although its blooming season is short, differences in altitude and ex-
posute in its many habitats are responsible for its blooming during a
longer period than most alpine plants. It grows from a single woody
toot anchored deep in rocky soil, and spreads into a flat cushion often
a foot or more in diameter. The bright green of the narrow leaves
is beautifully contrasted with the pink, or rarely white, flowers, and
the plant is always a joy to behold.

This lovely member of the Pink Family is found in atctic or atctic-
alpine situations, from New Hampshire to Greenland, across Canada
and from the highest mountains of New Mexico to Alaska; also in
Europe and Asia.

The plant sketched was procured neat Baker Lake, fifteen miles
by trail north of Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude of 7,500 feet.

PLATE 367

ALPINE HAREBELL

Campanula lasiocarpa Chamisso

In the southern part of its range alpine harebell is a comparatively
tare plant and is to be found only by those hardy souls who climb to
the heights. Here above timberline we found it hiding among the
short gtasses, as though to gain a little shelter from winds and storms.
It was a thrilling experience to come upon so shy and rare a flower.

This attractive little harebell has a northern range, occurring in
Alberta, British Columbia, and Alaska. It is found also in Siberia and
Japan.

The sketch was made from a flower obtained on Eagle Peak, near
Glacier, British Columbia, at an altitude of 8,000 feet.

PLATE 368

HAREBELL

Campanula rotundifolia Linnaeus

No one who has seen harebells remains unappteciative of theit
dainty beauty. The apparently delicate stems are really strong and well
able to support the flowets they catty. The buds are usually upright,
but the flowers when open are horizontal or turn downwards to
protect the stamens and pistils from passing showers. The name rotun-
difolia (“tound-leaf”) describes the basal leaves of the plant, which
usually disappear before the flowets have developed.

The harebell has as wide a distribution as any member of the Bell-
flower Family, ranging from Pennsylvania to Illinois, New Mexico,
and California, and north to Labrador and Alaska. It grows also in
Europe and Asia. It is the Scotch bluebell ot “bluebells of Scotland”
that is celebrated in verse.

The sketch was made ftom specimens found near Hector, British
Columbia, at an altitude of 4,000 feet.

PLATE 369

RED WILLOW WEED

Epilobium latifolium Linnaeus

Red willowweed is a superb member of the Evening-primrose
Family that prefets gravelly stream bottoms, especially those ovet-
flowed by the water from melting glaciers, and also often borders al-
pine brooks. The large petals are inserted at the top of the long slender
pods, which, when ripe, split lengthwise, freeing the plumed seeds
which are blown by the wind far from the parent plant. When the
plants are in bloom, they make a gorgeous sight, often covering many
acres with their lovely color.

This plant has a wide range from Greenland to Quebec, South
Dakota, Colorado, Washington, and Alaska. It occurs also in Europe
and Asia.

The sketch was made from a specimen obtained near Glacier,
British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 370

NORTHERN ANEMONE

Anemone parviflora Michaux

On account of its greater range in altitude, northern anemone
flowers duting a longer season than most of its relatives. If we climb
in midsummer above timberline, we find it in sheltered places where
the snow has recently melted, blooming beside the rivulets of snow
water. It is able to withstand even the frosty nights of the higher
slopes and appeats none the wotse for the freezing it has experienced.
When the flowets ate past, a woolly seed head soon develops, and in
autumn the seeds are carried away by the wind to new localities. The
name Anemone is detived from a Greek word meaning “the wind.”
Northern anemone belongs to the Buttercup Family, and has a wide
tange from Ontario to Labrador, Colorado, and Alaska. It grows also
in Asia.

The flowers sketched were found near Wild Flower Camp,twenty-
five miles by trail from Lake Louise, Albetta, at an altitude of 7,000
feet.

PLATE 371

ALBERTA PAINTBRUSH

Castilleja miniata Bentham

No group of plants that we have observed in the Canadian Rockies
exhibits such a wonderful variety of color as the species of Castilleja,
almost universally known as paintbrushes, which ate teptesentatives
of the Figwort Family. All tints from white, through yellow, green,
pink, red, and winecolor, with evety degree of shade between, ate to
be seen in nature's gardens. Some are dazzlingly brilliant, but othets
ate softly shaded with the deepest color on the tips of the bracts form-
ing the head. Even in the same species there is often a sutprising
variation in coloring, and isolated plants of forms with normally red
bracts have yellow bracted spikes.

This species of paintbrush ranges from Montana and Washington
north to Alberta and Saskatchewan. :

The specimen painted grew neat out camp on the headwaters of
the Clearwater River, forty-five miles by trail north of Lake Louise,
Alberta, at an altitude of 6, 500 feet.

PLATE 372

ELEPHANTHEAD

Pedicularis groenlandica Retz

Elephanthead loves wet meadows and the bordets of lakes and
streams. It prefers the region about timberline, and in sedgy upland
swampy places it supplies masses of rich color. Flowers, stems, and
leaves are often of almost the same tone. The curious flower tesembles
an elephant’s head with the trunk raised.

This plant and a similar one growing in California have been te-
ferred by a few botanists to a distinct genus, appropriately named
Elephantella, but the two species agtee essentially in their flower
structute with other members of the genus Pedicularis.

This representative member of the Figwort Family is found in
Greenland and Labrador, and from the mountains of New Mexico
and California northward to Alaska.

It grew in many places in the Ptarmigan Valley, fifteen miles by
trail north from Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude of 6,000 feet,
where this specimen was obtained.

PLATE 373

LEWIS MONKEYFLOWER

Mimulus lewistt Pursh

In the neighborhood of Glacier, British Columbia, whete I first saw
this striking monkeyflower, it grew luxuriantly. Along the streams
about timberline it found the habitat most suited to it, for although it
never grew in water, it needed the cool drippings from melting snows
higher up the slopes to sustain its lush growth. The large richly
colored flowers were in pleasing contrast with the green leaves. I
never found the plant in the Rockies east of the Columbia River
The specific name was given in honor of Metiwether Lewis of the
celebrated Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Northwest. Although
dissimilar in aspect, the monkeyflowets belong to the same family as
the elephanthead, shown in the preceding plate—namely, the Fig-
wott family. :

Lewis monkeyflower is found from Colorado to Arizona, Califor-
nia, and British Columbia and locally eastwatd to Minnesota.

These specimens were gathered at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 374

ALPINE MONKEYFLOWER

Mimulus caespitosus Greene

The low growth of alpine monkeyflowet coupled with the un-
usually large blossoms makes this species easy to recognize. It loves
wet places by the edges of cold brooks, although it does not grow
actually in the water. Often it is the first flower to gain a foothold in
the beds of glacial moraines, uncovered by the recent recession of the
ice. The masses of golden yellow flowers wete conspicuous near the
forefoot of the Ilecillewaet Glacier, near Glacier, British Columbia.
The alpine monkeyflower belongs to the Figwort Family and ranges
from Idaho to California and northward to British Columbia.

The flowers painted were gathered in the Asulkan Valley near
Glacier, British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 3,75

ALEUTIAN FLEABANE

Erigeron unalaschensis (De Candolle) Rydberg

The alpine valleys of the Canadian Rocky Mountains ate wonder-
ful places in which to find wild flowets that flourish in high altitudes.
Among these the Aleutian fleabane, a member of the gteat Aster
Family, deserves a prominent place. It delights in the moist earth neat
snow-water streams, being able to withstand the violent, almost daily
changes from warm sunshine to freezing temperatures. The dainty
plant often has a woolly covering to protect it.

This fleabane is found from Montana to Alaska as well as in Labra-
dor and Greenland.

The specimens sketched were gathered in the Little Yoho Valley,
fifteen miles from Field, British Columbia, at an altitude of 7,500 feet.

PLATE 376

WHITEBARK PINE

Pinus albicaulis Engelmann

Whitebark pine, if growing in a favorable location, is somewhat
different in its habit of growth from most other pine trees. The
branches ate flexible and often almost etect, the purple cones being
borne near their ends. The trunk is frequently two to four feet in
diameter, but the height of the tree is only twenty to thirty feet. This
pine is seldom found below 5,000 feet, and at timberline it grows as
a low and often creeping shrub. When in bloom the dainty pink
staminate flowets are very lovely. They shed their pollen freely. On
wind-swept summits this tree takes on weatherbeaten and fantastic
forms.

Whitebark pine ranges from Wyoming to California and north to
Alberta and British Columbia.

The branch sketched came from a tree which gtew on the side of
the Yoho Valley, ten miles from Field, British Columbia, at an altitude
of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 377

ENGELMANN SPRUCE

Picea engelmanni (Parry) Engelmann

Engelmann spruce is a majestic tree,sometimes growing toaheight
of a hundred and fifty feet with a trunk four or five feet in diameter.
Its branches are produced in regular whorls. When growing with suf-
ficient space atound it, it is a handsome pyramidal tree, and in favor-
able seasons the top is adorned with masses of tich brown cones.

From Arizona and New Mexico northwatd to Alberta, British
Columbia, and Yukon is the range of Engelmann spruce.

The branch sketched grew in the valley of Clearwater River, forty
miles by trail north of Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude of 7,000 feet.

PLATE 378

CREEPING JUNIPER

Juniperus horizontalis Moench

The shotes of the Saskatchewan River, A lbetta, ate often sandy, and
along them we found many shrubs of creeping juniper with quan-
tities of blue berries adorning their branches. The plant flourished in
spite of the blowing sands, which in these places discourage all but
the hardiest vegetation. Creeping juniper is similar in foliage to the
familiar red cedar of the East, but in habit it is very different, gtow-
ing usually as a dense mat, flat upon the ground.

Creeping juniper has a wide range from northern New York,
Maine, and Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Wyoming, Alberta, and British
Columbia.

The branch sketched grew at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 379

DRUMMOND WILLOW

Salix drummondiana Barratt

In the Canadian Rockies, as late summer artives, this willow is
clothed in its most beautiful garb. Each branch is adorned with loose
masses of fluffy cotton, consisting of the seeds and the adhering
plumes. These masses ate blown fat and wide by the wind, and if the
plants happen to grow near streams, a windrow of cotton often ac-
cumulates along their moist margins. Later this is caught by the water
and cattied far down stream.

Drummond willow has a narrow range, bein g confined to Alberta
and British Columbia.

The sketch was made from a specimen that gtew at Sheep Creek,
seventy-five miles by trail from Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude
of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 380

YL LARCH

Larix lyallii Parlatore

Of all the trees in the Canadian Rockies, Lyall larch is the most
interesting and the most picturesque. It is usually found between
6,000 and 8,000 feet elevation, whete its bright green foliage is easily
recognized from a distance, skirting the darker green spruces and fits
at timberline. A rugged tree, gnarled and twisted by the wind into
picturesque forms, it reaches a height of fifty feet 1n favorable local-
ities, with a trunk diameter of twenty inches. The cones ate produced
about once in three yeats. The wood is tough and hard to cut, but it
makes a vety hot although not lasting fire. As soon as a hard frost
comes, the leaves turn bright yellow and soon fall. Doctor Charles S.
Sargent and William M. Canby journeyed all the way from Boston
in 1898 to find this tree in fruit. I had been stopping at Lake Louise
and had procured a number of branches of Lyall larch with beauti-
ful cones, from the shores of Lake Agnes. On artiving at Banff, I left
my ptecious specimens on the rack beside the dining room door, while
I got my supper. When the meal was finished, the bunch of larch had
disappeated. On investigation I found the two botanists sitting on the
floor, with the Lyall larch between them, filled with enthusiasm
that their long journey would be a fruitful one.

Lyall larch has a very narrow tange. It grows in a few places in
Montana and in northern Oregon, but is plentiful only in Alberta and
British Columbia.

The branch sketched came from near Lake McArthur, twelve
miles by trail from Hector, British Columbia, at an altitude of 7,500
feet.

PLATE 381

CROW BERRY

Empetrum nigrum Linnaeus

Crowbertty grows as a dense matted shrub in rocky or shady places,
frequently in company with Rocky Mountain cassiope. It is easy to
confuse it with the latter plant if the two ate not examined closely.
The flowets ate inconspicuous but the black betries ate distinctive.
The berries are much eaten by Arctic birds, although rather insipid to
the human taste. This primitive plant is believed by some botanists
to represent a survival, from some past geologic period, of a group
ancestral to the present-day Heath Family. The Crowbetry Family, as
it is called, has few living membets and most of these occupy isolated
ateas, widely scattered over the earth, evidently relics of a former
much greater abundance.

This species is the most widespread member of the family, ranging
from notthern New York, Maine, and Greenland westward to Michi-
gan and California, and northward to Alaska. It occurs also in Asia
and Europe.

We gathered these specimens at Marble Canyon not far from the
summit of Vermilion Pass, sixteen miles from Castle Station, Alberta,
at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 382

SIBERIAN ONION

Allium sibericum Linnaeus

Siberian onion is seen frequently in the higher valleys in the Cana-
dian Rockies. When growing in rich soil with an abundant supply
of moisture it is a showy plant. It occurs singly or in clumps, and is
easily identified by its odor, which is similar to that of the garden
chive, but more intense. It may be used for flavoring stews and soups,
although with caution because its flavor is very strong. The flowers
resemble tiny lilies, and as a matter of fact the plant is a member of
the Lily Family.

This species of onion has a wide range, from northern New York
to Maine, and westward to Wyoming, Oregon, and Alaska. It is
found also in Europe and Asia.

These specimens were gathered neat Lake Louise, Alberta, at an
altitude of 5,500 feet.

PLATE 383

SLIM LARKSPUR

Delphinium depauperatum Nuttall

The brilliant color of slim larksputs in mountain meadows filled
us with delight, and when they wete in company with Alberta paint-
brush, but-forget-me-not, and heliotrope valerian, all in full bloom,
we wete able to appreciate the full beauty of nature’s garden. In some
places slim larkspur occurred in pute stands so that the meadows
wete blue with them. They are poisonous to cattle, which eat the
young shoots in early spring, and the districts whete they gtow can-
not be used for pasture. The name Delphinium was given to this genus
of plants from a fancied resemblance of the flower to a dolphin. The
larksputs belong to the Buttercup Family.

Slim larkspur ranges from Montana to California and Oregon and
northward to Alberta. |

The plants sketched were obtained near Wild Flower Camp,
twenty-five miles by trail from Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude
of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 384

ARROW LEAF GROUNDSEL

Senecio triangularis Hooker

Arrowleaf groundsel isa common plant which blooms late in the
season in the Canadian Rockies. It likes the rich soil of the borders
of alder thickets, where the brittle stems are somewhat protected
from the wind, and other moist places. It is a lush, coarse plant whose
yellow flowerheads give a gay color note in contrast to the bright
green leaves.

The genus Senecio belongs to the Aster Family, and comprises at
least twelve hundred species found in many parts of the world. They
ate widely distributed over the North American continent. This spe-
cies ranges from New Mexico and California north to Saskatchewan
and Alaska.

We gathered the specimen sketched near Evelyn Glacier, twenty-
five miles from Castle, Alberta, at an altitude of 6,500 feet.

PLATE 385

WRIGHT PENTSTEMON

Pentstemon wrightit Hooker

By the side of the winding road leading up the dty slopes of Tum-
amoc Hill to the Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution, near
Tucson, Arizona, I found great clumps of this beautiful pentstemon.
The stems supporting the graceful flower panicles wete two and a
half feet high. The lovely color of the blossoms was a delight to all
who passed. The plants grew out of the disintegrated tock of the
mountain and subsisted with so little soil that it seemed all but im-
possible for them to flourish in such perfection in so arid a spot.

The pentstemons ate named from the fact that in addition to their
four normal stamens, they have a fifth sterile stamen which often is
conspicuous because it is covered with haits, and often extends well
up toward the mouth of the corolla. The pentstemons belong to the
Figwort Family.

PLATE 386

WHITE DAWNROSE

Pachyloplus marginatus (Nuttall) Rydberg

In the morning the dry sandy plains or mesas about Tucson ate
dotted with the beautiful white flowets of the dawnrose. About noon
the blossoms close, and, turning pink in fading, they soon disappear,
a new bud opening next morning. The petals ate so ethereal in their
delicate loveliness that it is hard to understand how they can spring
from such an unfriendly dry soil.

White dawnrose ranges from Colorado, Utah, and Arizona to Idaho
and Oregon.

The specimens sketched were gathered about forty miles south of
Tucson, Arizona.

PLATE 387

EVENING-PRIMROSE

Pachyloplus hirsutus Rydberg

When traveling along the highway toward the Roosevelt Dam
in Arizona I saw a plant about eighteen inches tall growing from a
ctevice in the rocks. It was full of buds as well as withered flowers,
tising among masses of long green leaves. When the plant was lifted
it was carried for several days awaiting an opportunity to sketch it.
One evening on returning to the hotel for dinner, I noticed, on entet-
ing the room, a delightful odor like that of a night-blooming cereus,
and the plant was discovered in full bloom. The sketch fortunately
was made that evening, by electric light, for the next mornin gall the
flowets had withered.

This species of evening-primrose ranges from Arizona and New
Mexico to Wyoming.

PLATE 388

CLUSTERLILY

Hookera pauciflora (Torrey) Tidestrom

The Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington
is located neat Tucson, Arizona, high up on a small desert mountain
notable for its profusion of cactuses and other strange plants which
ate able to exist with a minimum of water. Among the sun-baked
tocks grow many clusterlilies, which ate always attractive in their
dainty beauty. Their bulbs, sunk deep in soil, enable the plant to live
from one blooming season to another.

The genus of the Lily Family to which clusterlily belongs contains
many species restricted to Western North America, and occurring
mainly in California, but the present species grows in Arizona and
New Mexico. The technical name of this genus was given in honor
of Sit William Jackson Hooker, one of the most eminent of English
botanists.

PLATE 389

CALIFORNIA PITCHERPLANT

Chrysamphora californica (Torrey) Greene

California pitcherplant is the only member of the Pitcherplant
Family growing west of the Mississippi Valley. It is quite as curious
a plant as its eastern relatives, the Sarracenias. The pitcher, often two
feet tall, has leafy appendages growing from its mouth, the whole
suggesting the head of a cobra. These appendages ate somewhat
trough-like, and insects traveling along them to collect the nectar
secreted there ate unsuspectingly led to the brink of the hollow
leaves. Many of these fall in and are digested, contributing to the
noutishment of the plant. The flower presents an almost equally
strange appearance. |

The plants grow in abundance in their favorite localities, the bogs
of northern California, where this specimen was obtained, and adja-
cent Oregon.

PLATE 390

SCARLET MARIPOSA

Calochortus kennedyi Porter

Scarlet mariposa is one of the most brilliant representatives of the
genus Calochortus. Its vivid color 1s accentuated by the contrasting
dark purple gland on the lower part of each petal. These mariposas,
of which there are many species, greatly diversified as to the shape
and color of their flowets, ate very abundant in the foothills and on
the mountain slopes of Arizona and California. Some of them extend
far southward into the mountains of Central Mexico. The genus is
one of the most characteristic western American representatives of
the Lily Family.

This species has a rather narrow range in Nevada, Arizona, and
southern California.

PLATE 391

BUSHPOPPY

Dendromecon rigidum Bentham

The profuse bright yellow flowets of bushpoppy give the shrub
a striking appeatance. It grows from two to eight feet high, and
blooms almost throughout the year. The leaves are willowlike and
leathery in texture, and the main stems ate rich brown in color.

This member of the Poppy Family has a restricted range in south-
ern California and northern lower California.

PLATE 392

NE IGAIN, POPPY

Eschscholtzia mexicana Gteene

Mexican poppy is a gay member of the Poppy Family, covering
sandy desert mesas with sheets of lovely flowers. It is rather lower in
growth than the California poppy. The finely cut gray-green leaves
make an effective background for the flowers, which open fully in
bright sunshine, but close at night and do not open in cloudy weather.
The buds are enclosed by the sepals which form a tiny cap, which 1s
pushed aside as the petals unfold. The plant 1s cultivated easily and is
a gteat favorite with the amateur gardener.

Mexican poppy occuts in arid portions of Arizona, Nevada, Utah,
and northern Mexico.

The sketch was made from specimens growing near Tucson, Ati-
zona.

PLATE 393

FIRE PENTSTEMON

Pentstemon eatonii Gtay

The thrifty clumpsof fire pentstemon growing in perfectionamong
the rocks or pendent from the sides of a canyon wall ate strikingly
handsome. They seem to delight in the most inaccessible places, and
thrive in the scantiest pocket of soil, their flexible stems, two to three
feet long, waving in the wind. This plant is one of the showiest
membets of the Figwort Family.

Fire pentstemon has a comparatively narrow tange in Arizona,
Utah, and Nevada.

The specimens grew near Superior, Arizona.

PLATE 394

CARDINAL MONKEYFLOWER

Mimulus cardinalis Douglas

If fortune favors, and you visit the Grand Canyon at the proper
season of the year, you will find the brilliant cardinal monkeyflower
in full glory at the Indian Gardens. Following down Bright Angel
Trail with its many switchbacks and majestic panoramas of the can-
yon walls, you come to this comparatively level oasis, where a stream
flows from a kindlyspring. Here one can appreciate what water means
to a dry country. Luxuriant trees and flowets hug the borders of the
stream, and the eye can follow its course by the green fringe until the
last trickle of water disappears in the ground. The catdinal monkey-
flower, a tepresentative of the Figwort Family, is attractive not only
on account of the brilliant color of the blossoms, but also because of
the lush growth of rich green leaves and stems that form a fitting
background for the flowers.

Its range is from Mexico to western New Mexico and California,
and northward to Oregon.

The plant painted was obtained near the spring mentioned above,
in the Grand Canyon, Arizona.

PLATE 395

OCOTTERO

Fouquieria splendens Engelmann

In crossing the desert by train over the southern route to Califor-
nia, none of the new and curious plants obsetved is stranger than the
ocotillo. A number of slender rod-like stems eight or ten feet long
spring from a single root, rigidly spreading outward and upward.
They ate dull greenish gray in colot,and are armed with strong sharp
thorns half an inch long. When the rains come in spring, the bare
stems show signs of life, small green leaves appearing along them,
while a mass of buds develops on a short stem at the end, spreading
like a fish tail. Soon the buds open and the heavy bunches of flowers
wave slowly back and forth in the desert wind. The Mexicans form
paling fences about their dooryards by planting these stems close to-
gether in the ground and fastening them with wire. They some-
times take root and form a living fence, an effective barrier against
most animals. This curious plant belongs to a small group known as
the Ocotillo Family, which is nearly confined to the dry regions of
Mexico.

Ocotillo has a wide range, from western Texas to southern Cali-
fornia and over northern Mexico.

The specimen painted was obtained near Superior, Arizona.

PLATE 3.96

YUCCA

Yucca baileyi Wooton and Standley

The genus Yucca belongs to the Lily Family and contains many
species native in North and Central America. The roots, when rubbed
in water, give a thick suds, and they are often used as a substitute for
soap in washing clothes, especially by the native people of the South-
west. The Amole, as the root is called by the Mexicans, is very effi-
cacious in cleaning fabrics, or when used in bathing or as a shampoo,
leaving the skin smooth and the hair soft and glossy. The names soap-
root and Spanish dagger or Spanish bayonet are applied to the yuc-
cas in the United States.

When driving in June from Gallup, New Mexico, to Zum, I found
this beautiful yucca coming into bloom in many places along the edge
of the spatse pinyon or nut pine forests. The sturdy spikes of large,
pale green flowers, tinged on the sepals with purple, grew from two
to three feet in height. They rose from a bristling clump of relatively
short, nattow, sharp-pointed green leaves, furnished along their bor-
ders with stiff, coarse, threadlike fibers.

This yucca, which was named for Vernon Bailey, of the U.S. Bio-
logical Survey, has a narrow range in northwestern New Mexico and
northeastern Arizona.

PLATE 397

SCARLET GLOBE-MALLOW

Sphaeralcea grossulariaefolia (Hooker and Arnott) Rydberg

Scatlet globe-mallow is one of the showy plants of the Arizona
mesas and river valleys, where often it grows in great abundance.
The flowers commonly are scarlet, but they are equally handsome
when of a paler hue. They are produced in spikelike panicles on the
upper part of stems so weak that they bend gracefully before the
wind. By the Mexicans the plant is called malojo,“eye-bane,” because
the small, branched, starlike hairs on the leaves and stems adhere to
the fingers in handling, and if brushed into the eyes, cause irritation
and pain.

This brilliant member of the Mallow Family is very common in
Arizona, and ranges northward to Idaho and Wyoming.

The specimen sketched was gathered near the Desert Laboratory
of the Carnegie Institution at Tucson, Arizona.

PLATE 398

QUILL-LEAF TILLANDSIA

Tillandsia fasciculata Swattz

In motoring from lower Virginia southward, the ever increasing
abundance of epiphytic plants is striking. In southern Virginia,Spanish
moss frequently drapes the trees, especially the bald cypress. Farther
down the coast other species of the Pineapple Family make their ap-
pearance, and in Florida a number of different kinds are native. In some
of the hammocks there, all the branches of the trees and even the bark
of the trunk, serve for the attachment of bromeliads, orchids, and ferns,
and the epiphytic plants are represented by many different species. In
such a hammock a short distance north of West Palm Beach, Florida,
the specimen here illustrated was obtained.

The tillandsia usually dies after flowering, but its minute seeds,
with their tufts of silky hairs, ate scattered by the winds. The leaves
of these plants are dilated at the base, thus forming a series of pockets
which catch and hold water. Vegetable debris, as well as atmospheric
dust, falls into the water and the plant absorbs the products of its de-
cay, thus obtaining much of its nourishment.

Quill-leaf tillandsia ranges from southern Florida south through
the West Indies, and 1s widely distributed in other parts of tropical
America.

PLATE 399

CATESBY PITCHERPLANT

Sarracenia catesbaez Elliott

This pitcherplant was discovered by Mark Catesby, who explored
the Carolinas in 172.2, and was later named in his honor by Stephen
Elliott, in his “Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia.”
Thete is a difference of opinion among present-day botanists as to its
status, some agreeing with Elliott that it is a distinct species, while
others hold it to be a hybrid between Sarracenia flava and S. purpurea.
It does combine the charactets of the two presumptive parents in a
striking way,—in the shape and position of the leaves, in the size of
the flower parts, and especially in the petal color, which exhibits an
atttactive mingling of the yellow of the one species with the matoon
of the other.

Catesby pitcherplant is reported to occur from Florida to North
Carolina, although always tate and local. The specimen painted was
grown in the Department of Agriculture greenhouses by Dr. Fred-
erick V.Coville, the root having been collected by Dr. Edgar T. Wherry
in a swamp neat Quincy, Florida, in 1925. Dr.Wherty states that this
plant grew in association with the two species of which it is supposed
to be a ctoss, but that the adult clump was surrounded by seedlings
in such a manner as to indicate that it is capable of reproducing itself,
and is, accordingly, on the way to becoming an independent species.

PLATE 400

IeIND is X

Abies lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall, plate 18,
volume 1

Acer carolinianum Walter, plate 138, volume 11

Acer rubrum Linnaeus, plate 137, volume 11

Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, plate 151, volume 1

Actaea arguta Nuttall, plate 73, volume 1

Aesculus pavia Linnaeus, plate 47, volume 1

Agoseris gracilens (Gray) Kuntze, plate 89, volume 1

Asgoseris graminifolia Greene, plate 88, volume 11

Agoseris, Grassleaf, plate 88, volume 1

Agoseris, Slender, plate 89, volume 11

Agoseris villosa Rydberg, plate 195, volume m1

Agoseris, Woolly, plate 195, volume 11

Alaska Fleabane, plate 290, volume iv

Alberta Paintbrush, plate 372, volume v

Alberta Primrose, plate 274, volume 1v

Alder, Hazel, plate 16, volume 1

Alder, Western Green, plate 186, volume 11

Aleutian Fleabane, plate 376, volume v

Allium cernuum Roth, plate 304, volume 1v

Allium sibericum Linnaeus, plate 383, volume v

Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Sprengel, plate 16, volume 1

Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydberg, plate 186,
volume 11

Alpine Fernleaf, plate 121, volume 1

Alpine Fir, plate 18, volume 1

Alpine Forget-me-not, plate 352, volume v

Alpine Harebell, plate 368, volume v

Alpine Milkvetch, plate 295, volume 1v

Alpine Monkeyflower, plate 375, volume v

Alpine Pointvetch, (flower), plate 282, volume 1v

Alpine Pointvetch, fruit), plate 283, volume rv

Amelanchier alnifolia Nuttall, plate 117, volume 11

American Columbine, plate 141, volume 1

American Holly, plate 266, volume iv

American Mistletoe, plate 265, volume 1v

American Pasqueflower, (flower), plate 95,
volume 11

American Pasqueflower, (fruit), plate 96,
volume it

American Twinflower, plate 196, volume 11

American Vetch, plate 190, volume 11

American Waterlily, plate 223, volume ur

American Wistaria, plate 149, volume 11

Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Gray, plate 289,
volume iv

Androsace carinata Tottey, plate 107, volume 11

Androsace, Pygmy, plate 185, volume 111

Androsace subumbellata (A. Nelson) Small,
plate 185, volume 11

Androsace, Sweet, plate 107, volume um

Anemone deltoidea Hooker, plate 306, volume iv

Anemone, Forest, plate 306, volume tv

Anemone, Globe, plate 291, volume iv

Anemone globosa Nuttall, plate 291, volume 1v

Anemone, Northern, plate 371, volume v

Anemone parviflora Michaux, plate 371, volume v

Anemone, Plume, (flower), plate 163, volume m1

Anemone, Plume, (fruit), plate 164, volume m1

Anemonella, plate 14, volume 1

Anisostichus capreolatus (Linnaeus) Bureau,
plate 261, volume iv

Antennaria howellii Greene, plate 104, volume 11

Antennaria luzuloides Torrey and Gtay, plate 171,
volume 111

Antennaria rosea (Eaton) Greene, plate 286,
volume iv

Apple, May-, plate 143, volume 1

Aquilegia brevistyla Hooker, plate 292, volume 1v

Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, plate 141, volume 11

Aquilegia flavescens Watson, plate 201, volume 11

Arborvitae, Giant, plate 187, volume m1

Arbutus, Trailing, plate 126, volume 1

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Linnaeus) Sprengel,
Clower), plate 111, volume 1

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Linnaeus) Sprengel, (fruit),
plate 112, volume 11

Arctous alpina (Linnaeus) Niedenzu, plate 355,
volume v

Arethusa, plate 57, volume 1

Arethusa bulbosa Linnaeus, plate 57, volume 1

Arisaema dracontium (Linnaeus) Schott, plate 22,
volume 1

Arisaema triphyllum (Linnaeus) Torrey, plate 331,
volume v

Arnica, Lake Louise, plate 10, volume 1

Arnica louiseana Farr, plate 10, volume 1

Arnica tomentosa Macoun, plate 348, volume v

Arnica, Woolly, plate 348, volume v

Aronia arbutifolia (Linnaeus filius) Elliott,
Clower), plate 31, volume 1

Aronia arbutifolia Linnaeus filius) Elliott, (fruit),
plate 31a, volume 1

Arrowhead, Arum, plate 158, volume 1

Arrowleaf Groundsel, plate 385, volume v

Artemisia discolor Douglas, plate 288, volume 1v

Arum Arrowhead, plate 158, volume 1

Asarum canadense Linnaeus, plate 127, volume 1

Asclepias speciosa Torrey, plate 90, volume 11

Asclepias tuberosa Linnaeus, plate 36, volume 1

Asimina triloba (Linnaeus) Dunal, plate 328,
volume v

Aster campestris Nuttall, plate 118, volume 11

Aster, Pineland, plate 160, volume 1

Aster, Prairie, plate 118, volume 1

Aster squarrosus Walter, plate 160, volume 11

Astragalus alpinus Linnaeus, plate 295, volume iv

Astragalus bourgovii Gray, plate 21, volume 1

Atamasco-lily, plate 255, volume 1v

Atamosco atamasco (Linnaeus) Greene, plate 255,
volume tv

Avalanche Buttercup, plate 114, volume 11

Avalanche-lily, plate 202, volume 111

Azalea arborescens Pursh, plate 55, volume 1

Azalea, Flame, plate 43, volume 1

Azalea lutea Linnaeus, plate 43, volume 1

Azalea nudiflora Linnaeus, plate 128, volume 11

Azalea, Pinkshell, plate 253, volume 1v

Azalea rosea Loiseleur, plate 232, volume 11

Azalea, Sweet, plate 55, volume 1

Azalea vaseyi (Gray) Rehder, plate 253, volume 1v

Dee sagittata (Pursh) Nuttall, plate 69,
volume 1

Balsamroot, plate 69, volume 1

Baneberry, Ivory, plate 73, volume 1

Bearberry, (flower), plate 111, volume u

Bearberry, (fruit), plate 112, volume 1

Bearberry Honeysuckle, plate 60, volume 1

Bearcabbage, Green, plate 174, volume m1

Beargrass, plate 302, volume 1v

Beautyberry, plate 210, volume 11
Bedstraw, Northern, plate 63, volume 1
Beebalm, Spotted, plate 233, volume m1
Befaria racemosa Ventenat, plate 17, volume 1
Berberis repens Lindley, plate 30, volume 1
Betony, Wood: see Red Helmet
Bignonia radicans Linnaeus, plate 227, volume 11
Big Whortleberry, plate 7, volume 1
Bikukulla canadensis (Goldie) Millspaugh,
plate 136, volume 11
Bikukulla cucullaria Linnaeus) Millspaugh,
plate 247, volume iv
Birdsfoot Violet, plate 39, volume 1
Blackberry, Highbush, plate 146, volume 1
Bladderpod, Double, flower), plate 167,
volume 11
Bladderpod, Double, (fruit), plate 168, volume m1
Bloodroot, plate 123, volume 1
Bluebead, plate 338, volume v
Bluebells, Virginia, plate 20, volume 1
Bluebells, Western, plate 173, volume m1
Blueberry, Highbush, plate 228, volume 11
Blueberry, Pineland, plate 230, volume m1
Blue-eyed-grass, plate 238, volume m1
Blue-eyed-mary, plate 246, volume 1v
Blueflag Iris, plate 332, volume v
Bluegreen Gentian, plate 108, volume 1
Blue Phlox, plate 245, volume rv
Bogbean, plate 225, volume 11
Bog Kalmia, plate 133, volume u
Bog-orchid, One-leaf, plate 76, volume 1
Bottle Gentian, plate 161, volume m1
Bourgeau Rose, (flower), plate 344, volume v
Bourgeau Rose, (fruit), plate 345, volume v
Bowmanstoot, plate 252, volume 1v
Box Huckleberry, plate 229, volume u1
Bronzebells, plate 64, volume 1
Brook Lobelia, plate 192, volume m1
Buckeye, Red, plate 47, volume 1
Buffaloberry, Canada, plate 115, volume 11
Buff Monkeyflower, plate 200, volume 11
Buff Pussytoes, plate 171, volume 11
Bunchberry, (flower), plate 271, volume rv
Bunchberry, (fruit), plate 272, volume 1v
Bur-forget-me-not, plate 351, volume v

Burgess Milkvetch, plate 21, volume 1
Bush Cinquefoil, plate 77, volume 1
Bushpoppy, plate 392, volume v

Butterbur, Northern, plate 189, volume ur
Buttercup, Avalanche, plate 114, volume 1
Butterflyweed, plate 36, volume 1
Butterwort, Northern, plate 198, volume m1
Butterwort, Purple, plate 235, volume m1

Cactus, Green Strawberry-, plate 308, volume 1v
Cactus, Lloyds Strawberry-, plate 155, volume 1
California Pitcherplant, plate 390, volume v
Calla palustris Linnaeus, plate 129, volume 11
Calla, Wild, plate 129, volume 1
Callicarpa americana Linnaeus, platez1o, volume
Calochortus catalinae Watson, plate 205, volume 111
Calochortus clavatus Watson, plate 314, volume rv
Calochortus elegans Lindley, plate 2, volume 1
Calochortus kennedyi Porter, plate 391, volume v
Calochortus macrocarpus Douglas, plate 175,
volume 111
Calochortus splendens Douglas, plate 310, volume 1v
Calochortus weedit Wood, plate 199, volume 11
Caltha leptosepala De Candolle, plate 287,
volume Iv
Caltha palustris Linnaeus, plate 208, volume 11
Calypso, plate 105, volume 11
Camas, plate 358, volume v
Campanula lasiocarpa Chamisso, plate 368,
volume v
Campanula rotundifolia Linnaeus, plate 369,
volume v
Campion, Moss, plate 367, volume v
Campion, Nodding, plate 279, volume 1v
Canada Buffaloberry, plate 115, volume 11
Canada Lily, plate 148, volume
Canada Violet, plate 347, volume v
Canada Wildginger, plate 127, volume 1
Capnoides sempervirens (Linnaeus) Borkhausen,
plate 5, volume 1
Cardinalflower, plate 263, volume 1v
Cardinal Monkeyflower, plate 395, volume v
Carex aurea Nuttall, plate 281, volume 1v
Carolina Jessamine, plate 220, volume mm
Carolina Maple, plate 138, volume 1

Cassiope mertensiana (Bongard) Don, plate 75,
volume 1

Cassiope, Rocky Mountain, plate 75, volume 1

Castalia odorata (Dryander) Woodville & Wood,
plate 223, volume m1

Castilleja lancifolia Rydberg, plate 102, volume 11

Castilleja miniata Bentham, plate 372, volume v

Castilleja pallida (Linnaeus) Kunth, plate 48,
volume 1

Catalina Mariposa, plate 205, volume m1

Catesby Pitcherplant, plate 4oo, volume v

Centaurium, Pink, plate 303, volume 1v

Centaurium venustum (Gray) Robinson, plate 303,
volume rv

Cercis canadensis Linnaeus, plate 26, volume 1

Chelone glabra Linnaeus, plate 259, volume 1v

Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus) Ascherson,
plate 349, volume v

Chickasaw Plum, plate 130, volume 1

Chimaphila umbellata var. occidentalis (Rydberg)
Blake, plate 360, volume v

Chionanthus virginica Linnaeus, plate 140, volume 11

Chokeberry, Red, lower), plate 31, volume 1

Chokeberry, Red, fruit), plate 31a, volume 1

Chrosperma muscaetoxicum (Walter) Kuntze,
plate 147, volume 1

Chrysamphora californica (Torrey) Greene,
plate 390, volume v

Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus, plate 145,
volume 11

Cinquefoil, Bush, plate 77, volume 1

Cinquefoil, Rosette, plate 182, volume m1

Cirsium hookerianum Nuttall, plate 103, volume 1

Cirsium undulatum (Nuttall) Sprengel, plate 309,
volume iv

Clasping Twistedstalk, plate 84, volume 1

Claytonia parvifolia Mocifio, plate 94, volume 1

Claytonia virginica Linnaeus, plate 234, volume 11

Clematis, Columbia, lower), plate 99, volume 11

Clematis, Columbia, (fruit), plate 100, volume 11

Clematis columbiana (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray,
Clower), plate 99, volume 1r

Clematis columbiana (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray,
(fruit), plate 100, volume 1

Clematis crispa Linnaeus, plate 150, volume 11

Clematis, Curly, plate 150, volume 11

Clematis viorna Linnaeus, plate 41, volume 1

Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Rafinesque, plate 338,
volume v

Clintonia uniflora (Menzies) Kunth, (flower),
plate 203, volume m1

Clintonia uniflora (Menzies) Kunth, fruit),
plate 204, volume 11

Clover, Owl-, plate 119, volume 1

Clusterlily, plate 389, volume v

Collinsia verna Nuttall, plate 246, volume 1v

Columbia Clematis, lower), plate 99, volume 11

Columbia Clematis, fruit), plate 100, volume 1

Columbia Lily, plate 316, volume tv

Columbine, American, plate 141, volume 1

Columbine, Lemon, plate 201, volume m1

Columbine, Shortspur, plate 292, volume 1v

Comandra livida Richardson, plate 361, volume v

Comandra, Red, plate 361, volume v

Conopholis americana (Linnaeus filius) Wallroth,
plate 214, volume 11

Cornus canadensis Linnaeus, (flower), plate 271,
volume tv

Cornus canadensis Linnaeus, (fruit), plate 272,
volume Iv

Cornus florida Linnaeus, (flower), plate 321,
volume v

Cornus florida Linnaeus, (fruit), plate 322,
volume v

Cornus stolonifera Michaux, plate 38, volume 1

Cottongrass, plate 12, volume 1

Cottongrass, Tassel, plate 312, volume 1v

Crab, Wild Sweet, plate 51, volume 1

Cracca virginiana Linnaeus, plate 44, volume 1

Cranberrybush, plate 317, volume rv

Cranberry, Mountain, (flower), plate 193,
volume 11

Cranberry, Mountain, (fruit), plate 194, volume m1

Cranberry, Small, plate 180, volume m1

Cranesbill, Western, plate 307, volume iv

Creeping Hollygrape, plate 30, volume 1

Creeping Juniper, plate 379, volume v

Crested Iris, plate 33, volume 1

Crossvine, plate 261, volume Iv

Crowberry, plate 382, volume v

Crowpoison, plate 147, volume 11

Cucumbertree, plate 231, volume m1

Cucumbertree, Yellow, plate 330, volume v

Curly Clematis, plate 150, volume m

Currant, Prickly, flower), plate 66, volume 1

Currant, Prickly, (fruit), plate 67, volume 1

Cut Toothwort, plate 249, volume 1v

Cypripedium acaule Aiton, plate 58, volume 1, and
plate 327, volume v

Cypripedium arietinum Robert Brown, plate 216,
volume 111

Cypripedium montanum Douglas, plate 1, volume 1

Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury, plate 92,
volume 11

Cypripedium passerinum Richardson, plate 91,
volume 11

Cypripedium reginae Walter, plate 217, volume 11

Cyrtopodium punctatum (Linnaeus) Lindley,
plate 212, volume m1

Cyrtopodium, Spotted, plate 212, volume 11

Cytherea bulbosa (Linnaeus ) House, plate 105,
volume 1

1D pastes, White, plate 387, volume v

Deathcamas, plate 116, volume 11

Deerberry, plate 132, volume 11

Delphinium depauperatum Nuttall, plate 384,
volume v

Delphinium elongatum Rydberg, plate 27, volume 1

Dendromecon rigidum Bentham, plate 392, volume v

Dentavria laciniata Muhlenberg, plate 249,
volume tv

Devilsclub, plate 32, volume 1

Dewberry, Red, plate 293, volume 1v

Dionaea muscipula Ellis, plate 219, volume 111

Diplacus longiflorus Nuttall, plate 200, volume 111

Diplacus puniceus Nuttall, plate 315, volume 1v

Dodecatheon meadia Linnaeus, plate 49, volume 1

Dodecatheon pauciflorum (Durand) Greene,
plate 276, volume 1v

Dogwood, Flowering, (flower), plate 321,
volume v

Dogwood, Flowering, (fruit), plate 322,
volume v

Dogwood, Red-osier, plate 38, volume 1

Double Bladderpod, (flower), plate 167, volumemt

Double Bladderpod, (fruit), plate 168, volume 111

Douglas-fir, plate 270, volume Iv

Douglas Honeysuckle, flower), plate 81,
volume 11

Douglas Honeysuckle, (fruit), plate 82, volume 11

Downy Pinxterbloom, plate 232, volume m1

Drummond Pitcherplant, plate 329, volume v

Drummond Willow, plate 380, volume v

Dryad, White, (flower), plate 176, volume 111

Dryad, White, (fruit), plate 177, volume 111

Dryad, Yellow, (flower), plate 364, volume v

Dryad, Yellow, (fruit), plate 365, volume v

Dryas drummondii Richardson, (flower), plate 364,
volume v

Dryas drummondii Richardson, Cfruit), plate 365,
volume v

Dryas octopetala Linnaeus, (flower), plate 176,
volume 111

Dryas octopetala Linnaeus, fruit), plate 177,
volume 111

Dutchman’s-breeches, plate 247, volume rv

eres Jloydit Britton and Rose, plate 155,
volume It

Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelmann, plate 308,
volume Iv

Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Decaisne and
Planchon, plate 32, volume 1

Elacagnus commutata Bernhardi, lower), plate7o,
volume 1

Elaeagnus commutata Bernhardi, (fruit), plate 71,
volume 1

Elder, Scarlet, plate 260, volume 1v

Elephanthead, plate 373, volume v

Elkslip, plate 287, volume rv

Empetrum nigrum Linnaeus, plate 382, volume v

Engelmann Spruce, plate 378, volume v

Epidendrum nocturnum Jaquin, plate 337, volume v

Epidendrum, Tampa, plate 152, volume 1

Epidendrum tampense Lindley, plate 152, volume 11

Epidendrum, White, plate 337, volume v

Epigaea repens Linnaeus, plate 126, volume 11

Epilobium angustifolium Linnaeus, plate 301,
volume rv

Epilobium latifolinm Linnaeus, plate 370, volume v
Epilobium lutem Pursh, plate 300, volume rv
Erigeron aureus Greene, plate 280, volume 1v
Erigeron caespitosus Nuttall, plate 61, volume 1
Erigeron salsuginosus (Richardson) Gray, plate 290,
volume 1v
Erigeron speciosus De Candolle, plate 165,
volume 11
Erigeron unalaschensis (De Candolle) Rydberg,
plate 376, volume v
Eriophorum angustifolium Roth, plate 312,
volume 1v
Eriophorum chamissonis Meyer, plate 12, volume 1
Eritrichum elongatum (Rydberg) W. F. Wight,
plate 359, volume v
Erythronium albidum Nuttall, plate 15, volume 1
Erythronium americanum Ker, plate 339, volume v
Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, plate 68, volume 1
Erythronium montanum Watson, plate 202,
volume 11
Eschscholizia mexicana Greene, plate 393, volume v
Evening-primrose, plate 388, volume v
Everlasting, Pearl, plate 289, volume 1v

False Locoweed, plate 3, volume 1

Fernleaf, Alpine, plate 121, volume 1

Field Violet, plate 211, volume m1

Fir, Alpine, plate 18, volume 1

Fir, Douglas-, plate 270, volume 1v

Fire Pentstemon, plate 394, volume v

Fireweed, plate 301, volume tv

Fivefinger, Grayleaf, plate 296, volume iv

Flame Azalea, plate 43, volume 1

Fleabane, Alaska, plate 290, volume tv

Fleabane, Aleutian, plate 376, volume v

Fleabane, Golden, plate 280, volume 1v

Fleabane, Meadow, plate 165, volume 11

Fleabane, Pink, plate 61, volume 1

Flowering Dogwood, (flower), plate 321,
volume v

Flowering Dogwood, (fruit), plate 322, volume v

Flytrap, Venus, plate 219, volume 111

Forest Anemone, plate 306, volume 1v

Forget-me-not, Alpine, plate 352, volume v

Forget-me-not, Moss, plate 359, volume v

Fouquieria splendens Engelmann, plate 396,
volume v

Foxglove Pentstemon, plate 209, volume ut

Fragaria glauca (Watson) Rydberg, plate 362,
volume v

Franklinia, plate 244, volume 1v

Franklinia alatamaha Marshall, plate 244,
volume iv

Fremontia, Mexican, plate 206, volume 1m

Fremontodendron mexicanum Davidson, plate 206,
volume 11

Fringed Gentian, plate 336, volume v

Fringed Parnassia, plate 343, volume v

Fringed Polygala, plate 135, volume m

Fringe-orchid, Large Purple, plate 243, volume 1v

Fringe-orchid, Ragged, plate 215, volume m1

Fringeorchid, Yellow, plate 340, volume v

Fringetree, plate 140, volume 1

Fumeroot, Pink, plate 5, volume 1

Gaillardia aristata Pursh, plate 354, volume v
Gaillardia, Perennial, plate 354, volume v
Galium boreale Linnaeus, plate 63, volume 1
Gaylussacia brachycera (Michaux) Gray, plate 229,
volume 11
Gelsemium sempervirens (Linnaeus) Persoon,
plate 220, volume 11
Gentian, Bluegreen, plate 108, volume 1
Gentian, Bottle, plate 161, volume mr
Gentian, Fringed, plate 336, volume v
Gentian, Ladder, plate 294, volume 1v
Gentian, Moss, plate 178, volume 11
Gentian, Pinebarren, plate 8, volume 1
Gentian, Riverbank, plate 87, volume 11
Gentian, Ruff, plate 318, volume 1v
Gentiana acuta Michaux, plate 294, volume rv
Gentiana affinis Grisebach, plate 87, volume 1
Gentiana calycosa Grisebach, plate 318, volume 1v
Gentiana crinita Froelich, plate 336, volume v
Gentiana glauca Pallas, plate 108, volume 1
Gentiana porphyrio Gmelin, plate 8, volume 1
Gentiana prostrata Haenke, plate 178, volume 11
Gentiana saponaria Linnaeus, plate 161, volume 11
Geranium viscosissimum Fischer and Meyer,
plate 307, volume tv

Ghostpipe, plate 156, volume 1

Giant Arborvitae, plate 187, volume m1

Giant Trillium, plate 299, volume 1v

Glacierlily, plate 68, volume r

Globe Anemone, plate 291, volume rv

Globeflower, White, plate 353, volume v

Globemallow, Orange-eye, plate 311, volume 1v

Globe-mallow, Scarlet, plate 398, volume v

Goldenbowl] Mariposa, plate 314, volume iv

Goldenclub, plate 222, volume m1

Golden Fleabane, plate 280, volume 1v

Goldenpea, plate 297, volume iv

Goldenrod, Sidesaddle, plate 183, volume m1

Golden Sedge, plate 281, volume 1v

Goldenstar, plate 145, volume 1

Grassleaf Agoseris, plate 88, volume 1

Grass-pink Orchid, plate 131, volume m

Grayleaf Fivefinger, plate 296, volume rv

Gray Phacelia, plate 278, volume 1v

Gray Pussytoes, plate 104, volume 1

Green Bearcabbage, plate 174, volume 1m

Greendragon, plate 22, volume 1

Green Pyrola, plate 113, volume 1

Green Strawberry-cactus, plate 308, volume 1v

Groundsel, Arrowleaf, plate 385, volume v

Groundsel, Mourning, plate 275, volume 1v

Groundsel, Rayless, plate 93, volume 1

Grouse Whortleberry, (flower), plate 169,
volume 111

Grouse Whortleberry, fruit), plate170, volume 11

felch ciliaris (Linnaeus) Robert Brown,
plate 340, volume v

Habenaria grandiflora Bigelow) Torrey, plate 243,
volume rv

Habenaria lacera (Michaux) Loddiges, plate 215,
volume m1

Habenaria obtusata (Putsh) Richardson, plate 76,
volume 1

Hamamelis virginiana Linnaeus, plate 323, volume v

Harebell, plate 369, volume v

Harebell, Alpine, plate 368, volume v

Hazel Alder, plate 16, volume 1

Hedysarum mackenzii Richardson, plate 97,
volume 1

Heliotrope Valerian, plate 366, volume v

Hemlock, Mountain, plate 267, volume iv

Hemlock, Western, plate 268, volume 1v

Hepatica, plate 125, volume 1

Hepatica americana Ker, plate 125, volume 11

Highbush Blackberry, plate 146, volume 1

Highbush Blueberry, plate 228, volume m

Holly, American, plate 266, volume tv

Hollygrape, Creeping, plate 30, volume 1

Honeysuckle, Bearberry, plate 60, volume 1

Honeysuckle, Douglas, (lower), plate 8r,
volume 1

Honeysuckle, Douglas, (fruit), plate 82,
volume 11

Honeysuckle, Trumpet, plate 46, volume 1

Hooded Ladies-tresses, plate 356, volume v

Hooded Pitcherplant, plate 251, volume 1v

Hookera pauciflora (Torrey) Tidestrom, plate 3809,
volume v

Houstonia caerulea Linnaeus, plate 59, volume 1

Huckleberry, Box, plate 229, volume m1

Hymenocallis rotata (Ker) Herbert, plate 154,
volume 11

Hypopitys americana (De Candolle) Small,
plate 157, volume m

Hypopitys lanuginosa (Michaux) Nuttall,
plate 213, volume 11

Leidium cernunm (Linnaeus) House, plate 4,
volume 1

Tbidium gracile Bigelow) House, plate 4, volume 1

Ibidium strictum (Rydberg) House, plate 356,
volume v

Ilex opaca Aiton, plate 266, volume 1v

Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) Gray, plate 54,
volume 1

Ilex vomitoria Aiton, plate 226, volume m1

Indianpipe, plate 262, volume 1v

Iris, Blueflag, plate 332, volume v

Iris, Crested, plate 33, volume 1

Tris cristata Aiton, plate 33, volume 1

Tris verna Linnaeus, plate 13, volume 1

Iris, Vernal, plate 13, volume 1

Tris versicolor Linnaeus, plate 332, volume v

Ivory Baneberry, plate 73, volume 1

J ack-in-the-pulpit, plate 331, volume v

Jeffersonia diphylla (Linnaeus) Persoon, plate 72,
volume 1

Jessamine, Carolina, plate 220, volume 11

Juniper, Creeping, plate 379, volume v

Juniper, Mountain, plate 86, volume 11

Juniperus horizontalis Moench, plate 379, volume v

Juniperus sibirica Burgsdorf, plate 86, volume 1

Kunin angustifolia Linnaeus, plate 326, volume v

Kalmia, Bog, plate 133, volume 1

Kalmia latifolia Linnaeus, plate 221, volume 111

Kalmia microphylla (Hooker) Heller, plate 284,
volume tv

Kalmia polifolia Wangenheim, plate 133, volume 11

Kalmia, Rocky Mountain, plate 284, volume rv

Kraunhia frutescens (Linnaeus) Greene, plate 149,
volume 11

Kruhsea, (flower), plate 56, volume 1

Kruhsea, (fruit), plate 56a, volume 1

Kruhsea streptopoides (Ledebour) Kearney,
Cflower), plate 56, volume 1

Kruhsea streptopoides (Ledebour) Kearney, (fruit),
plate 56a, volume 1

Weradomren plate 62, volume 1

Ladder Gentian, plate 294, volume 1v

Ladies-tresses, Hooded, plate 356, volume v

Ladies-tresses, Nodding, plate 4, volume 1

Ladies-tresses, Slender, plate 4, volume 1

Ladyslipper, Mountain, plate 1, volume 1

Ladyslipper, Northern, plate 91, volume 11

Ladyslipper, Pale, plate 58, volume 1

Ladyslipper, Pink, plate 327, volume v

Ladyslipper, Ramshead, plate 216, volume 111

Ladyslipper, Showy, plate 217, volume 11

Ladyslipper, Small Yellow, plate 92, volume 11

Lake Louise Arnica, plate 10, volume 1

Lambkaill, plate 326, volume v

Lanceleaf Paintbrush, plate 102, volume 1

Lappula diffusa (Lehmann) Greene, plate 351,
volume v

Larch, Lyall, plate 381, volume v

Larch, Western, plate 269, volume iv

Large Purple Fringe-orchid, plate 243, volume 1v

Larix lyallii Parlatore, plate 381, volume v

Larix occidentalis Nuttall, plate 269, volume iv

Larkspur, Slim, plate 384, volume v

Larkspur, Tall, plate 27, volume 1

Lathyrus ochroleucus Hooker, plate 85, volume 1

Laurel, Mountain-, plate 221, volume 11

Leatherflower, plate 41, volume 1

Ledum groenlandicum Oedetr, plate 62, volume 1

Lemon Columbine, plate zor, volume 111

Lepargyrea canadensis (Linnaeus) Greene, plate 115,
volume 11

Lewis Monkeyflower, plate 374, volume v

Lilac Mariposa, plate 310, volume iv

Lilium canadense Linnaeus, plate 148, volume 1

Lilium columbianum Hanson, plate 316, volume 1v

Lilium montanum Nelson, plate 11, volume 1

Lilium superbum Linnaeus, plate 256, volume 1v

Lily, Atamasco-, plate 255, volume iv

Lily, Avalanche, plate 202, volume 1m

Lily, Canada, plate 148, volume 11

Lily, Columbia, plate 316, volume 1v

Lily, Cluster-, plate 389, volume tv

Lily, Glacier, plate 68, volume 1

Lily, Red, plate 11, volume 1

Lily, Spider-, plate 154, volume 11

Lily, Turkscap, plate 256, volume rv

Lily Twayblade, plate 34, volume 1

Limber Pine, plate 188, volume 1

Limodorum tuberosum Linnaeus, plate 131,
volume 11

Linnaea borealis americana (Forbes) Rehder,
plate 196, volume 11

Liparis liliifolia (Linnaeus) Richard, plate 34,
volume 1

Liriodendron tulipifera Linnaeus, plate 45, volume1

Lloyds Strawberry-cactus, plate 155, volume 1

Lobelia, Brook, plate 192, volume m1

Lobelia cardinalis Linnaeus, plate 263, volume 1v

Lobelia kalmii Linnaeus, plate 192, volume 11

Loblolly Pine, plate 335, volume v

Locoweed, False, plate 3, volume 1

Lodgepole Pine, plate 101, volume m

Longleaf Pine, plate 139, volume 1

Lonicera glaucescens Rydberg, (flower), plate 81,
volume 11

Lonicera glaucescens Rydberg, (fruit), plate 82,
volume 11

Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks, plate 60,
volume 1

Lonicera sempervirens Linnaeus, plate 46,
volume 1

Low Whortleberry, plate 179, volume 111

Lupine, Sun-dial, plate 6, volume 1

Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, plate 6, volume 1

Lyall Larch, plate 381, volume v

Lychnis apetala Linnaeus, plate 279, volume 1v

Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) Don, plate 9, volume 1

Magnolia acuminata Linnaeus, plate 231,
volume 11

Magnolia cordata Michaux, plate 330, volume v

Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, flower), plate 24,
volume 1

Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, (fruit), plate 24a,
volume 1

Magnolia, Southern, lower), plate 24, volume 1

Magnolia, Southern, (fruit), plate 24a, volume 1

Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus, plate 325, volume v

Malus coronaria (Linnaeus) Miller, plate 51,
volume 1

Maple, Carolina, plate 138, volume 1

Maple, Red, plate 137, volume 11

Mariposa, Catalina, plate 205, volume m1

Mariposa, Goldenbow], plate 314, volume rv

Mariposa, Lilac, plate 310, volume Iv

Mariposa, Sagebrush, plate 175, volume 1

Mariposa, San Diego, plate 199, volume m1

Mariposa, Scarlet, plate 391, volume v

Marshmarigold, plate 208, volume 1

Mayapple, plate 143, volume 1

Maypop, plate 324, volume v

Meadow Fleabane, plate 165, volume m1

Menyanthes trifoliata Linnaeus, plate 225,
volume 111

Menziesia glabella Gray, plate 298, volume 1v

Menziesia, Western, plate 298, volume rv

Menzies Pentstemon, plate 319, volume 1v

Merrybells, Wood, plate 144, volume 1

Mertensia paniculata (Aiton) Don, plate 173,
volume 111

Mertensia virginica (Linnaeus) De Candolle,
plate 20, volume 1
Mexican Fremontia, plate 206, volume 11
Mexican Poppy, plate 393, volume v
Milkvetch, Alpine, plate 295, volume 1v
Milkvetch, Burgess, plate 21, volume 1
Milkweed, Showy, plate 90, volume 11
Mimulus caespitosus Greene, plate 375, volume v
Mimulus cardinalis Douglas, plate 395, volume v
Mimulus guttatus Don, plate 313, volume 1v
Mimulus lewisii Pursh, plate 374, volume v
Missouri Pricklypear, plate 35, volume 1
Mistletoe, American, plate 265, volume iv
Mistmaiden, plate 98, volume 11
Mitchella repens Linnaeus, plate 207, volume 111
Monarda punctata Linnaeus, plate 233, volume 111
Moneses uniflora (Linnaeus) Gray, plate 273,
volume Iv
Monkeyflower, Alpine, plate 375, volume v
Monkeyflower, Buff, plate 200, volume 111
Monkeyflower, Cardinal, plate 395, volume v
Monkeyflower, Lewis, plate 374, volume v
Monkeyflower, Red, plate 315, volume 1v
Monkeyflower, Western, plate 313, volume rv
Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus, plate 262, volume tv
Moss Campion, plate 367, volume v
Moss Forget-me-not, plate 359, volume v
Moss Gentian, plate 178, volume 111
Mountain-ash, Western, plate 162, volume 1
Mountain Cranberry, (flower), plate 193,
volume 111
Mountain Cranberry, fruit), plate 194,
volume 111
Mountainheather, Pink, plate 74, volume 1
Mountain Hemlock, plate 267, volume 1v
Mountain Juniper, plate 86, volume 1
Mountain Ladyslipper, plate 1, volume 1
Mountain-laurel, plate 221, volume 111
Mourning Groundsel, plate 275, volume 1v
Myosotis alpestris Schmidt, plate 352, volume v

Naiad Springbeauty, plate 94, volume 11
Nodding Campion, plate 279, volume 1v
Nodding Ladies-tresses, plate 4, volume 1
Nodding Onion, plate 304, volume 1v

Northern Anemone, plate 371, volume v
Northern Bedstraw, plate 63, volume 1
Northern Butterbur, plate 189, volume 11
Northern Butterwort, plate 198, volume 111
Northern Ladyslipper, plate 91, volume 1
Nymphaea advena Solander, plate 159, volume 11

Obkonte-belis, plate 19, volume 1

Ocotillo, plate 396, volume v

One-leaf Bog-orchid, plate 76, volume 1

Onion, Nodding, plate 304, volume tv

Onion, Siberian, plate 383, volume v

Ophrys nephrophylla Rydberg, plate 109, volume 11

Opuntia polyacantha Haworth, plate 35, volume 1

Orange-eye Globemallow, plate 311, volume 1v

Orange Polygala, plate 257, volume Iv

Orchid, Grass-pink, plate 131, volume m

Orchid, Rosebud, plate 242, volume 1v

Orchis rotundifolia Pursh, plate 65, volume 1

Orchis, Roundleaf, plate 65, volume 1

Orchis, Showy, plate 241, volume 1v

Orchis spectabilis Linnaeus, plate 241, volume iv

Orontium aquaticum Linnaeus, plate 222, volume 111

Orthocarpus tenuifolius Bentham, plate 1109,
volume 11

Owl-clover, plate 119, volume 11

Oxycoccus palustris Persoon, plate 180, volume 111

Oxytrope, Showy, plate 120, volume 11

Oxytropis gracilis (Nelson) Jones, plate 3, volume 1

Oxytropis podocarpa Gray, flower), plate 282,
volume rv

Oxytropis podocarpa Gray, (fruit), plate 283,
volume Iv

Oxytropis splendens Douglas, plate 120, volume u

Pachyloplus birsutus Rydberg, plate 388, volume v
Pachyloplus marginatus (Nuttall) Rydberg,

plate 387, volume v
Paintbrush, Alberta, plate 372, volume v
Paintbrush, Lanceleaf, plate 102, volume 11
Paintbrush, Rose, plate 48, volume 1
Painted Trillium, plate 134, volume 1
Pale Ladyslipper, plate 58, volume 1
Pale Pinesap, plate 157, volume 11
Pale Strawberry, plate 362, volume v

Papaw, plate 328, volume v

Parnassia fimbriata Konig, plate 343, volume v

Parnassia, Fringed, plate 343, volume v

Parrot Pitcherplant, plate 236, volume 11

Partridgeberry, plate 207, volume ut

Pasqueflower, American, lower), plate 95,
volume 11

Pasqueflower, American, fruit), plate 96,
volume 11

Passiflora incarnata Linnaeus, plate 324, volume v

Pearl Everlasting, plate 289, volume 1v

Peatpink, plate 248, volume rv

Pea, White, plate 85, volume 1

Pedicularis bracteosa Bentham, plate 258, volume rv

Pedicularis contorta Bentham, plate 121, volume 11

Pedicularis groenlandica Retz, plate 373, volume v

Pentstemon confertus Douglas, plate 357, volume v

Pentstemon digitalis (Sweet) Nuttall, plate 209,
volume 111

Pentstemon eatonii Gray, plate 394, volume v

Pentstemon erianthera Putsh, plate 50, volume 1

Pentstemon, Fire, plate 394, volume v

Pentstemon, Foxglove, plate 209, volume 11

Pentstemon lyallii Gray, plate 3.46, volume v

Pentstemon, Menzies, plate 319, volume rv

Pentstemon menziesii Hooker, plate 319, volume 1v

Pentstemon, Prairie, plate 50, volume 1

Pentstemon, Purple, plate 346, volume v

Pentstemon, Wright, plate 386, volume v

Pentstemon wrightii Hooker, plate 386, volume v

Pentstemon, Yellow, plate 357, volume v

Peramium decipiens Hooker) Piper, plate 350,
volume v

Perennial Gaillardia, plate 354, volume v

Petalostemon purpureum (Ventenat) Rydberg,
plate 320, volume iv

Petasites hyperboreus Rydberg, plate 189, volume 11

Phacelia, Gray, plate 278, volume rv

Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holzinger, plate 197,
volume 111

Phacelia, Sand, plate 197, volume m1

Phacelia sericea (Graham) Gray, plate 278,
volume Iv

Phlox, Blue, plate 245, volume 1v

Phlox divaricata Linnaeus, plate 245, volume tv

Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nuttall, plate 265,
volume Iv

Phyllodoce empetriformis (Smith) Don, plate 74,
volume 1

Physaria didymocarpa (Hooker) Gray, Cflower),
plate 167, volume ur

Physaria didymocarpa Hooker) Gray, (fruit),
plate 168, volume 11

Picea engelmanni (Parry) Engelmann, plate 378,
volume v

Pickerelweed, plate 29, volume 1

Pinebarren Gentian, plate 8, volume 1

Pineland Aster, plate 160, volume 11

Pineland Blueberry, plate 230, volume m

Pine, Limber, plate 188, volume m1

Pine, Loblolly, plate 335, volume v

Pine, Lodgepole, plate ror, volume 1

Pine, Longleaf, plate 139, volume 1

Pinesap, Pale, plate 157, volume 11

Pinesap, Red, plate 213, volume m1

Pine, Whitebark, plate 377, volume v

Pinguicula elatior Michaux, plate 235, volume 111

Pinguicula vulgaris Linnaeus, plate 198, volume 11

Pink Centaurium, plate 303, volume 1v

Pink Fleabane, plate 61, volume 1

Pink Fumeroot, plate 5, volume 1

Pink Ladyslipper, plate 327, volume v

Pink Mountainheather, plate 74, volume 1

Pink Pussytoes, plate 286, volume rv

Pinkshell Azalea, plate 253, volume rv

Pink Twistedstalk, plate 83, volume 1

Pinus albicaulis Engelmann, plate 377, volume v

Pinus contorta murrayana (Balfour) Engelmann,
plate ror, volume nm

Pinus flexilis James, plate 188, volume m1

Pinus palustris Miller, plate 139, volume 1

Pinus taeda Linnaeus, plate 335, volume v

Pinxterbloom, plate 128, volume 1

Pinxterbloom, Downy, plate 232, volume m1

Pipsissewa, Western, plate 360, volume v

Pitcherplant, plate 52, volume 1

Pitcherplant, California, plate 390, volume v

Pitcherplant, Catesby, plate 400, volume v

Pitcherplant, Drummond, plate 329, volume v

Pitcherplant, Hooded, plate 251, volume 1v

Pitcherplant, Parrot, plate 236, volume 11
Pitcherplant, Sweet, plate 250, volume 1v
Plum, Chickasaw, plate 130, volume 1
Plume Anemone, (flower), plate 163, volume u1
Plume Anemone, (fruit), plate 164, volume m1
Podophyllum peltatum Linnaeus, plate 143, volume 11
Pogonia divaricata (Linnaeus) Robert Brown,
plate 242, volume rv
Pogonia ophioglossoides (Linnaeus) Ker, plate 218,
volume m1
Pogonia, Rose, plate 218, volume 111
Pointvetch, Alpine, flower), plate 282, volume rv
Pointvetch, Alpine, (fruit), plate 283, volume rv
Polycodium stamineum (Linnaeus) Greene,
plate 132, volume 1
Polygala, Fringed, plate 135, volume 11
Polygala lutea Linnaeus, plate 257, volume 1v
Polygala, Orange, plate 257, volume 1v
Polygala paucifolia Willdenow, plate 135,
volume 11
Pontederia cordata Linnaeus, plate 29, volume 1
Poppy, Mexican, plate 393, volume v
Porteranthus trifoliatus (Linnaeus) Britton,
plate 252, volume iv
Potentilla fruticosa Linnaeus, plate 77, volume 1
Potentilla glaucophylla Lehmann, plate 296,
volume tv
Potentilla uniflora Ledebour, plate 182, volume 111
Prairie Aster, plate 118, volume 1
Prairieclover, Purple, plate 320, volume iv
Prairie Pentstemon, plate 50, volume 1
Prairie-smoke, plate 53, volume 1
Prairie Thistle, plate 309, volume rv
Prickly Currant, lower), plate 66, volume 1
Prickly Currant, fruit), plate 67, volume 1
Pricklypear, Missouri, plate 35, volume 1
Primrose, Alberta, plate 274, volume 1v
Primrose, Evening, plate 388, volume v
Primula maccalliana Wiegand, platez74, volume tv
Prunus angustifolia Marshall, plate 130, volume 11
Pseudotsuga mucronata (Rafinesque) Sudworth,
plate 270, volume 1v
Ptarmiganberry, plate 355, volume v
Pulsatilla ludoviciana (Nuttall) Heller, (flower),
plate 95, volume 1

Pulsatilla ludoviciana (Nuttall) Heller, (fruit,)
plate 96, volume 1

Pulsatilla occidentalis (Watson) Freyn, (flower),
plate 163, volume m1

Pulsatilla occidentalis (Watson) Freyn, (fruit),
plate 164, volume m1

Purple Butterwort, plate 235, volume 11

Purple Mountain Violet, plate 181, volume m1

Purple Pentstemon, plate 346, volume v

Purple Prairieclover, plate 320, volume 1v

Purple Saxifrage, plate 42, volume 1

Pussy-ears, plate 2, volume 1

Pussytoes, Buff, plate 171, volume m1

Pussytoes, Gray, plate 104, volume 1

Pussytoes, Pink, plate 286, volume 1v

Pussy Willow, plate 122, volume 11

Pygmy Androsace, plate 185, volume m1

Pyrola chlorantha Swartz, plate 113, volume 11

Pyrola, Green, plate 113, volume 1

Pyrola minor Linnaeus, plate 172, volume 11

Pyrola secunda Linnaeus, plate 285, volume 1v

Pyrola, Sidebells, plate 285, volume rv

Pyrola, Small, plate 172, volume 11

Pyxidanthera barbulata Michaux, plate 124,
volume 1

Pyxie, plate 124, volume 1

Quakerladies, plate 59, volumer

Quamasia quamash (Pursh) Coville, plate 358,
volume v

Queencup, flower), plate 203, volume 11

Queencup, (fruit), plate 204, volume m1

Quill-leaf Tillandsia, plate 399, volume v

Rapes: plate 44, volume 1

Ragged Fringe-orchid, plate 215, volume m1
Ramshead Ladyslipper, plate 216, volume m1
Ranunculus suksdorfit Gray, plate 114, volume 11
Raspberry, Whiteflowering, plate 341, volume v
Rattlesnakeplantain, Western, plate350, volume v
Rayless Groundsel, plate 93, volume 11

Red Buckeye, plate 47, volume 1

Redbud, plate 26, volume 1

Red Chokeberry, (lower), plate 31, volume 1
Red Chokeberry, (fruit), plate 31a, volume 1

Red Comandra, plate 361, volume v

Red Dewberry, plate 293, volume rv

Red Helmet, plate 258, volume rv

Red Lily, plate 11, volume 1

Red Maple, plate 137, volume 1

Red Monkeyflower, plate 315, volume 1v

Red-osier Dogwood, plate 38, volume 1

Red Pinesap, plate 213, volume m1

Redstem Saxifrage, plate 363, volume v

Red Trillium, plate 239, volume m1

Red Willowweed, plate 370, volume v

Rhododendron albiflorum Hooker, plate 305,volumeiv

Rhododendron maximum Linnaeus, plate 254,
volume Iv

Rhododendron, Rocky Mountain, plate 305,
volume iv

Rhododendron, Rosebay, plate254, volume 1v

Rhodora, plate 28, volume 1

Rhodora canadensis Linnaeus, plate 28, volume 1

Ribes lacustre Persoon) Poiret, flower), plate 66,
volume 1

Ribes lacustre (Persoon) Poiret, fruit), plate 67,
volume 1

Riverbank Gentian, plate 87, volume 1

Rock Willow, plate 106, volume 11

Rock Wormwood, plate 288, volume 1v

Rocky Mountain Cassiope, plate 75, volume 1

Rocky Mountain Kalmia, plate 284, volume 1v

Rocky Mountain Rhododendron, plate 305,
volume rv

Rocky Mountain Twayblade, plate 109, volume 11

Romanxzoffia sitchensis Bongard, plate 98, volume 11

Rosa bourgeauiana Crepin, flower), plate 344,
volume v

Rosa bourgeauiana Crepin, (fruit), plate 345,
volume v

Rosebay Rhododendron, plate 254, volume 1v

Rose, Bourgeau, (flower), plate 344, volume v

Rose, Bourgeau, (fruit), plate 345, volume v

Rosebud Orchid, plate 242, volume 1v

Rosegentian, Saltmarsh, plate 342, volume v

Rose Paintbrush, plate 48, volume 1

Rose Pogonia, plate 218, volume 111

Rosette Cinquefoil, plate 182, volume 11

Roundleaf Orchis, plate 65, volume 1

Rubus argutus Link, plate 146, volume 11
Rubus parviflorus Nuttall, plate 341, volume v
Rubus pedatus Smith, plate 293, volume rv
Ruff Gentian, plate 318, volume iv

Stiga stellaris Pursh, plate 342, volume v

Sagebrush Mariposa, plate 175, volume m1

Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon, plate 158, volume 1

Salix discolor Muhlenberg, plate 122, volume m

Salix drummondiana Barratt, plate 380, volume v

Salix nivalis Hooker, plate 277, volume rv

Salix petrophila Rydberg, plate 106, volume 1

Saltmarsh Rosegentian, plate 342, volume v

Sambucus pubens Michaux, plate 260, volume 1v

San Diego Mariposa, plate 199, volume m1

Sand Phacelia, plate 197, volume m

Sanguinaria canadensis Linnaeus, plate 123,
volume 11

Sarracenia catesbaei Elliott, plate 400, volume v

Sarracenia drummondii Croom, plate 329, volume v

Sarracenia flava Linnaeus, plate 25, volume 1

Sarracenia minor Walter, plate 251, volume 1v

Sarracenia psittacina Michaux, plate 236, volume 111

Sarracenia purpurea Linnaeus, plate 52, volume 1

Sarracenia rubra Walter, plate 250, volume 1v

Saskatoon, plate 117, volume 1

Saussurea, plate 191, volume m1

Saussurea densa Hooker) Rydberg, plate 191,
volume m1

Saxifraga bronchialis Linnaeus, plate 110, volume 11

Saxifraga caespitosa Linnaeus, plate 184, volume 11

Saxifraga lyallit Engler, plate 363, volume v

Saxifraga oppositifolia Linnaeus, plate 42, volume 1

Saxifrage, Purple, plate 42, volume 1

Saxifrage, Redstem, plate 363, volume v

Saxifrage, Spotted, plate 110, volume 11

Saxifrage, Tufted, plate 184, volume 111

Scarlet Elder, plate 260, volume 1v

Scarlet Globe-mallow, plate 398, volume v

Scarlet Mariposa, plate 391, volume v

Scutellaria serrata Andrews, plate 237, volume m1

Sedge, Golden, plate 281, volume 1v

Senecio lugens Richardson, plate 275, volume 1v

Senecio pauciflorus Pursh, plate 93, volume 11

Senecio triangularis Hooker, plate 385, volume v

Shootingstar, plate 49, volume 1

Shootingstar, Slender, plate 276, volume 1v

Shortia galacifolia Torrey and Gray, plate 19,
volume 1

Shortspur Columbine, plate 292, volume 1v

Showy Ladyslipper, plate 217, volume m1

Showy Milkweed, plate 90, volume 1

Showy Orchis, plate 241, volume rv

Showy Oxytrope, plate 120, volume 1

Siberian Onion, plate 383, volume v

Sidebells Pyrola, plate 285, volume 1v

Sidesaddle Goldenrod, plate 183, volume m1

Sieversia ciliata (Pursh) Don, plate 53,
volume 1

Silene acaulis Linnaeus, plate 367, volume v

Silene caroliniana Walter, plate 248, volume tv

Silverberry, (flower), plate 70, volume 1

Silverberry, (fruit), plate 71, volume 1

Sisyrinchium angustifolium Miller, plate 238,
volume 11

Skeletonflower, plate 9, volume 1

Skullcap, Wood, plate 237, volume m1

Skunkcabbage, plate 37, volume 1

Slender Agoseris, plate 89, volume 11

Slender Ladies-tresses, plate 4, volume 1

Slender Shootingstar, plate 276, volume 1v

Slim Larkspur, plate 384, volume v

Small Cranberry, plate 180, volume m1

Small Pyrola, plate 172, volume 11

Small Yellow Ladyslipper, plate 92, volume 1

Smooth Yellow Violet, plate 224, volume 111

Snow Trillium, plate 240, volume 111

Snow Willow, plate 277, volume 1v

Solidago ciliosa Greene, plate 183, volume 111

Solomonplume, Star, plate 166, volume m1

Sorbus sambucifolia (Chamisso and Schlechtendal)
Roemer, plate 162, volume m1

Southern Coast Violet, plate 142, volume 11

Southern Magnolia, lower), plate 24, volume 1

Southern Magnolia, (fruit), plate 24a, volume 1

Spathyema foetida Linnaeus) Rafinesque, plate 37,
volume 1

Spatterdock, plate 159, volume 1

Sphaeralcea davidsonit Robinson, plate 311,
volume Iv

Sphaeralcea grossulariaefolia (Hooker and Arnott)
Rydberg, plate 398, volume v

Spiderlily, plate 154, volume 11

Spiderwort, Virginia, plate 40, volume 1

Spotted Beebalm, plate 233, volume m1

Spotted Cyrtopodium, plate 212, volume ux

Spotted Saxifrage, plate 110, volume m

Springbeauty, Naiad, plate 94, volume u

Springbeauty, Virginia, plate 234, volume mm

Spruce, Engelmann, plate 378, volume v

Squawroot, plate 214, volume 1

Squirrelcorn, plate 136, volume 1

Star Solomonplume, plate 166, volume 11

Stenanthium occidentale Gray, plate 64, volume 1

Stewartia malachodendron Linnaeus, plate 333,
volume v

Stewartia, Virginia, plate 333, volume v

Strawberry-blite, plate 349, volume v

Strawberry-cactus, Green, plate 308, volume rv

Strawberry-cactus, Lloyds, plate 155, volume 1

Strawberry, Pale, plate 362, volume v

Streptopus amplexifolius (Linnaeus) De Candolle,
plate 84, volume 11

Streptopus curvipes Vail, plate 83, volume 1

Sun-dial Lupine, plate 6, volume 1

Sweet Androsace, plate 107, volume 11

Sweet Azalea, plate 55, volume 1

Sweetbay, plate 325, volume v

Sweet Crab, Wild, plate 51, volume 1

Sweet Pitcherplant, plate 250, volume 1v

Sweetvetch, plate 97, volume 1

Syndesmon thalictroides (Linnaeus) Hoffmannsegg,
plate 14, volume 1

Tau Larkspur, plate 27, volume 1

Tampa Epidendrum, plate 152, volume 11

Tarflower, plate 17, volume 1

Tassel Cottongrass, plate 312, volume 1v

Thalesia uniflora (Linnaeus) Britton, plate 156,
volume 11

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nuttall) Richardson,
plate297, volume tv

Thistle, Prairie, plate 309, volume 1v

Thistle, White, plate 103, volume 11

Thuja plicata Don, plate 187, volume m1

Tillandsia, plate 153, volume 11

Tillandsia fasciculata Swartz, plates 153, volume1t,
and 399, volume v

Tillandsia, Quill-leaf, plate 399, volume v

Toad Trillium, plate 23, volume 1

Toothwort, Cut, plate 249, volume rv

Tradescantia virginiana Linnaeus, plate 40, volume 1

Trailing-arbutus, plate 126, volume 1

Trillium album (Michaux) Small, plate 334,
volume v

Trillium chloropetalum (Torrey) Howell, platez99,
volume iv

Trillium erectum Linnaeus, plate 239, volume 1

Trillium, Giant, plate 299, volume 1v

Trillium grandiflorum (Michaux) Salisbury,
plate240, volume m1

Trillium, Painted, plate 134, volume 1

Trillium, Red, plate 239, volume mz

Trillium sessile Linnaeus, plate 23, volume 1

Trillium, Snow, plate 240, volume m1

Trillium, Toad, plate 23, volume 1 —

Trillium undulatum Willdenow, plate 134,
volume 11

Trillium, Wax, plate 334, volume v

Trollius albiflorus (Gray) Rydberg, plate 353,
volume v

Troutlily, White, plate 15, volume 1

Troutlily, Yellow, plate 339, volume v

Trumpetcreeper, plate 227, volume ur

Trumpet Honeysuckle, plate 46, volume 1

Trumpetleaf, plate 25, volume 1

Tsuga heterophylla (Rafinesque) Sargent, plate 268,
volume iv

Tsuga mertensiana (Bongard) Sargent, plate 267,
volume Iv

Tufted saxifrage, plate 184, volume 11

Tuliptree, plate 45, volume 1

Turkscap Lily, plate 256, volume 1v

Turtlehead, plate 259, volume 1v

Twayblade, Lily, plate 34, volume 1

Twayblade, Rocky Mountain, plate 109, volume 1

Twinflower, American, plate 196, volume 11

Twinleaf, plate 72, volume 1

Twistedstalk, Clasping, plate 84, volume 1

Twistedstalk, Pink, plate 83, volume 1

iia perfoliata Linnaeus, plate 144, volume 11

Wiisinian caespitosum Michaux, plate 179,
volume 11

Vaccinium corymbosum Linnaeus, plate 228,
volume 111

Vaccinium membranaceum Douglas, plate 7,
volume 1

Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg, flower), plate 169,
volume 111

Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg, (fruit), plate 170,
volume m1

Vaccinium tenellum Aiton, plate 230, volume 111

Vaccinium vitisidaea minus Loddiges, (flower),
plate 193, volume m1

Vaccinium vitisidaea minus Loddiges, (fruit),
plate 194, volume m1

Vagnera stellata (Linnaeus) Morong, plate 166,
volume 11

Valeriana sitchensis Bongard, plate 366, volume v

Valerian, Heliotrope, plate 366, volume v

Venus Flytrap, plate 219, volume m1

Veratrum viride Aiton, plate 174, volume 1

Vernal Iris, plate 13, volume 1

Vetch, American, plate 190, volume 11

Viburnum pauciflorum Pylaie, plate 317,
volume tv

Vicia americana Muhlenberg, plate 190,
volume 111 |

Viola adunca J. E. Smith, plate 181, volume m1

_ Viola canadensis Linnaeus, plate 347, volume v

Viola ertocarpa Schweinitz, plate 224, volume 1m
Viola pedata Linnaeus, plate 39, volume 1
Viola rafinesquai Greene, plate 211, volume m1
Viola septemloba Le Conte, plate 142, volume 1
Violet, Birdsfoot, plate 39, volume 1

Violet, Canada, plate 347, volume v

Violet, Field, plate 211, volume m1

Violet, Purple Mountain, plate 181, volume m1
Violet, Smooth Yellow, plate 224, volume m1
Violet, Southern Coast, plate 142, volume 1
Virginia Bluebells, plate 20, volume 1
Virginia Spiderwort, plate 40, volume 1
Virginia Springbeauty, plate 234, volume m1
Virginia Stewartia, plate 333, volume v

Wraterlily, American, plate 223, volume m1
Wax Trillium, plate 334, volume v
Western Bluebells, plate 173, volume m1
Western Cranesbill, plate 307, volume iv
Western Green Alder, plate 186, volume m1
Western Hemlock, plate 268, volume 1v
Western Larch, plate 269, volume rv
Western Menziesia, plate 298, volume 1v
Western Monkeyflower, plate 313, volume 1v
Western Mountain-ash, plate 162, volume m1
Western Pipsissewa, plate 360, volume v
Western Rattlesnakeplantain, plate 350, volume v
Western Yarrow, plate 151, volume 1
Whitebark Pine, plate 377, volume v
_ White Dawnrose, plate 387, volume v
White Dryad, lower), plate 176, volume 11
White Dryad, (fruit), plate 177, volume m1
White Epidendrum, plate 337, volume v
Whiteflowering Raspberry, plate 341, volume v
White Globeflower, plate 353, volume v
White Pea, plate 85, volume 11
White Thistle, plate 103, volume 11
White Troutlily, plate 15, volume 1
Whortleberry, Big, plate 7, volume 1
Whortleberry, Grouse, lower), plate 169,
volume ut
Whortleberry, Grouse, (fruit), plate 170,
volume 111
Whortleberry, Low, plate 179, volume m1
Wild Calla, plate 129, volume 1
Wildginger, Canada, plate 127, volume 11
Wild Sweet Crab, plate 51, volume 1
Willow, Drummond, plate 380, volume v
Willow, Pussy, plate 122, volume 1
Willow, Rock, plate 106, volume 1

Willow, Snow, plate 277, volume 1v
Willowweed, Red, plate 370, volume v
Willow-weed, Yellow, plate 300, volume iv
Winterberry, plate 54, volume 1
Wistaria, American, plate 149, volume 11
Witch-hazel, plate 323, volume v

Wood Betony: see Red Helmet

Wood Merrybells, plate 144, volume 11
Woodnymph, plate 273, volume tv
Wood Skullcap, plate 237, volume 11
Woolly Agoseris, plate 195, volume 111
Woolly Arnica, plate 348, volume v
Wormwood, Rock, plate 288, volume 1v
Wright Pentstemon, plate 386, volume v

an tenax (Pursh) Nuttall, plate 302,

volume tv

Noose Western, plate 151, volume 1
Yaupon, plate 226, volume 1
Yellow Cucumbertree, plate 330, volume v
Yellow Dryad, Clower), plate 364, volume v
Yellow Dryad, (fruit), plate 365, volume v
Yellow Fringeorchid, plate 340, volume v
Yellow Pentstemon, plate 357, volume v
Yellow Troutlily, plate 339, volume v
Yellow Willow-weed, plate 300, volume rv
Yucca, plate 397, volume v
Yucca baileyi Wooton and Standley, plate 397,
volume v

Lienobia, plate 264, volume 1v

Zenobia cassinifolia (Ventenat) Pollard, plate 264,
volume iv

Zy gadenus elegans Pursh, plate 116, volume 11

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