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Alexander Wetmore
1940 Sz
fi, A
ey: ee Pt Institution
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM;
OR,
A SKETCH OF THE OSTEOLOGY
A OF BIRDS.
oo ee NEN BY
eae i 5
ee R
T. C. EYTON, ESQ, F.GS.,, F.LS,
And Corresponding Member of Institute of Philadelphia.
PLATES.
TO BE HAD OF MR. PRINCE, AT MR. J. GOULD’S, CHARLOTTE STREET,
BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON.
PUBLISHED BY R. HOBSON, WELLINGTON, SALOP.
1867.
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WUE Sra a0 OF A) AG
OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM.
fey Se ey gat Py A et Sh.
No. of Plate.
Introduction
Int. 1. Pandion leucocephalus
2. Struthio camelus
Fig.1. Upper part of craniwm
—2. Lower maxillary bone
— 3. Basal view of cranium
Int. 3. Fig. 1. Struthio camelus. Side view
. of cranvum
2. Side view of
lower maxillary bone
3. Numida cristata. Sternum of
the young of
4. Turdus musicus. Pelvis of the
young of
5. ———_——- Sternum of ditto
Int, 4. Fig. 1. Casuarius emeu. Basal view
- of the cranium
2. Podargus humeralis, ditto
3. Falco peregrinus, ditto
SKELETONS.
1 A. Sarecoramphus gryphus
2A. Serpentarius reptilivorus
3A. Falco peregrinus
4 A. Ketupa javanensis
1 A. bis. fig. 1. Skeleton of Trochilus gigas
2. Palatine bones of ditto
3. Pelvis
4, Metatarsi
5. Details of Petasphora jolata
Skeleton of Cypselus apus, and
details
1B. Podargus humeralis
2B. Coracias indica
3B. Eurystomus orientalis
4B. ‘Trogon melanocephalus
5 B, fig. 1. Todus viridis
2, Alcedo ispida
2 A. bis.
No. of Plate.
6 B. Buceros Abyssinicus
7B. Capito Swainsonii
8B. Eurylamius sumatranus
1C. Chrysotis Braziliensis
ID. Gecinus dimideatus
1E. Centropus phasianus
2H. Turacus gigas
3 HE. Pteroglossus Baillonii
4K. Cuculus glandarius
5 E. ,Geococcyx Mexicanus
1 F. Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris
2 FF. Anthochera Lewinii
3 F. Menura Lyra
5 FP. fig. 1. Sylvia Hippolais
2. Parula Braziliana
6 F. fig. 1. Tchitrea Melanopyga
2. ‘Tytyra inquisitor
7 EF. Turdus choki
8 FB, fig. 1. Platyrhynchus cancromus
2. Hirundo riparia
9 F¥. Neomorpha Gouldii
10 F. Cassicus bifasciatus
11 F. fig. 1. Drymophila loricata
2. Lanius collurio
12 F. fig. 1. Saltator magnus
2. Spermophaga heematina
13 F. Cypsirhina leucoptera
1G. Goura coronata
1H. Tetrao urogallus
2H. Crax globocera
3H. Phasianus Nycthemerus
4H. Oreophasis Derbianus
1 I. Struthio camelus
1 J. Otis houbara
1 K. Leptophilus argala
2K. Scops virgo
3K. Cariama cristata
4K. Pheenicopterus ruber
No. of Plate.
5 K,
6 K.
7K.
BK
9 K,
10 K.
11K.
2
13K.
14K,
15 K.
1L.
2 i.
31.
AL,
pHa:
6 L.
7 iL.
8 L.
9 L,
10 L.
11 L.
12 1.
Playa.
2.
3.
4,
Bs
6.
‘c
8.
0.
10.
Pl, 2, fig. 1
2.
3.
A,
Psophia viridis
Threskiornis melanocephala,
Harpiprion Hagebach
Totanus glottis
Scolopax rusticola
Limosa rufa
Heematopus capensis
Helias phalzenoides
Glareola pratincola
Aramus scolopaceus
(Edicnemus longirostris
Colymbus septentrionalis
Podiceps cristatus
Uria troile
Eudyptes
Graculus cristatus
Sula bassana
Onocrotalus
Procellaria gigantea
Diomedia exulans
Thalassidroma pelagica
Chroicocephalus ridibundus
Rhynchops nigra
DETAILS.
Sternum of Aquila chrysaetus
Cathartes aura
— Neophron percnop-
oe
terus
—— Sarcoramphus gry-
phus
—— Gyps fulvus
—————. Vultur cinereus
— Serpentarius rep-
tilivorus
—
Cathartes niger
——_——— Polyborus tharus
—————. Gypaetos barbatus
Metatarsi of Pandion leucoceph-
alus
— Aquila cinereus
———— Falco peregrinus
— Circus cyaneus
i.
No. of Plate.
Pl. 2, fig. 5.
6.
Fis
8.
9
Pl. 5, fig, 1.
Metatarst of Spizaetos cristatus
— Sarcoramphus papa
———— Nyctea nivea
— Noctua Tengmalmi
———— Serpentarius rep-
tilivorus
— Strix delecatulus
Sternum of Falco gyrfalco
— Pandion leucoceph-
alus
— Iracidea berigora
————— Circus cyaneus
————— Ibycter ater
————— Accipiter nisus
——_————. Milvus migrans
Cymindis unicinc-
Hierax Bengalensis
————— Pandion haliztus
—— Cireaetus Brachy-
dactilus
Spizaetos cirrhatus
Heliastur Pontice-
rianus
Aquila nzevia
—_—_———. Strix delicatulus
——__——. Nyctea nivea
———. Ketupa javanensis
—— Ephialtes
micus
—— Strix praticola
Nyctale Tengmalmi
Asio brachyotus
Noctua (from Ja-
eram~-
Bubo Bengalensis
Strix flammea
Pelvis of Sarcoramphus
phus
os
Sty
———— Aquila cinereus
——— Nyctea nivea
Falco peregrinus
———— Pandion haliztus
No. of Plate.
PL. 6, fig. 1.
te
mS SD ON & oe CO bs
Palatine bones of Sarcoramphus
eryphus
Ditto Serpentarius reptilivorous
Ditto Neophron percnopterus
Ditto Polyborus tharus
Ditto Falco peregrinus
Ditto Aquila chrysaetos
Ditto Circaetus brachydactylus
Ditto Spizaetos cristatus
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Hiracidea Berigora
Nyctea nivea
Strix delicatulus
Asio brachyotus
. Coracoid, sternum, and furcu-
lum of Sarcoramphus gryphus
Ditto Falco peregrinus
Nyctea nivea
Sternum of Podargus humeralis
———— Harpactes Reinwartii
—— Megalaima corvina
————-—- Chelonidera _ tene-
brosa
we Eurylaimus suma-
tranus
Seana Eurystomus orien-
talis
Sa Aleedo ispida
— Merops bicolor
Todus viridis
—— Coracias garrula
Sanaa Upupa epops
Buceros Abyssinicus
Pelvis, coracoids, furculum, and
metatarst of Podargus hu-
meralis
Ditto Dacelo Leachii
Ditto Pezoporus formosus
Sternwm, coracoids, furculum,
peiris, and metatarsi of
Psittacus erythucas
Ditto Calyptorhynchus
dinii
Ditto Pezoporus formosus
Bau-
iil.
No, of Plate.
PL, fig. 1.
Base of cranmum and section of
Psittacus erythacus
Metatarsi, furculum, coracoid,
pelvis, palatine bones,
and sternwm of Gecinus
viridis
Palatine bones
humeralis
Ditto Harpactes Reinwartii
Ditto Megalaima virens
Ditto Chelonidera tenebrosa
Ditto Hurylaimus sumatranus
Ditto Dacelo gigantea
Ditto Merops bicolor
Ditto Todus viridis
Ditto
Ditto—
of Podargus
Coracias garrula
Upupa epops
Ditto Buceros Panini
Ditto Momotus Braziliensis
Palatine bones, sternum, meta-
tarsi, and pelvis of Centropus
phasianus
Ditto Turacus gigas.
Ditto Pteroglosus Baillonii
Pelvis, sternum, metatarsi, and
palatine bones of Menura
superba
Pteroptochos albicollis
Palatine bones, pelvis, sternum,
and metatarst of Tropi-
dorhynchus argenticeps
Ditto Troglodytes furva
Ditto ——-——— vulgaris
Ditto Hirundo riparia
Ditto Nectarina javanica
Sternum, wpper surface of
cranwum, pelvis, and meta-
tarsi of Tytyra inquisitor
Ditto Petricola aurantia
Ditto Tchitrea melanopyga
Palatine bones, sternum, pelvis,
and metatars, of Alanda
alpestris
No. of Plate.
PL. 17, fig.2. Palatine bones, sternum, pelvis,
and metatarst of Parus
ceeruleus '
3. Ditto Malurus cyaneus
4. Ditto Philomela vulgaris
Pl. 17, bis. fig. 1. Palatine bones, sternum,
pelvis, and metatarsr, of
Cassicus bifasciatus
2. Ditto Neomorpha Gouldi
Pl. 18, fig. 1. Palatine bones, sternum, and
pelvis of Scolephagus major
2. Ditto Cyclarius guanensis
3. Ditto Cephalopterus penduliger
PL. 19, fig.1. Palatine bones, sternum, pelvis,
and metatarst of Saltator
magnus
2. Ditto Cypsirhina leucopterus
3. Ditto Fregilus graculus
Pl. 20, fig. 1. Sternwm, pelvis, palatine bones,
and metatarst of Goura coro-
nata
2, Ditto Columba magnifica
Pl. 21, fig.1. Ditto Phalacroteron nudirostris
2. Ditto Ptilinopus cinctus
3. Ditto Altagis Gayii
Pl. 22, fig.1. Ditto Lophortyx Californicus
2. Ditto Crax globicera
Pl. 23. Sternum, pelvis, and metatarst of
Struthio camelus
sternum, metatarsi, and
palatine bones of Casuarius
emeu
Lower surface of craniwm, upper
surface and side rim of pelvis,
sternum, and metatarst of
Apteryx Australis
Palatine bones, sternum, pelvis,
and metatarsi of Otis houbara
2. Ditto Tinamus Braziliensis
Pl. 24. Pelvis,
PI. 25.
Pl, 26, fig. 1.
iv,
No. of Plate.
Pl. 27, fig.
Pl. 33, fig.
Pl. 84, fig.
Pl. 35, fig.
PI. 35, bis.
Pl. 36, fig.
Pl. 37, fig.
Pl. 38, fig.
Pl. 39, fig.
Pl. 40, fig.
Pl. 41, fig.
1.
bo = bo
bo — po eH po eH bo bo
- Ditto
SI ert at a oe SS
Palatine bones, sternum, pelvis,
and metatarst of Threskiornis
melanocephalus
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Psophia viridis
Aramus scolopaceus
Oreophasis Derbianus
Cariama, cristata
Pheenicopterus rubra
Psophia viridis
Scops balearica
Leptophilus argala
Platylea leucorodia
Scops virgo
Ciconia alba
Tinamus _ Braziliensis
(figured by mistake, see Pl. 26)
Ditto Crax mitu
Ditto Tantalus Ibis
Ditto Threskiornis
cephalus (nat. size)
melano-
Ditto Totanus glottis |
Ditto Harpiprion Hagebach
Ditto Scolopax rusticola
Ditto Glareola pratincola
Ditto Limosa rufa
Ditto Helias phalzenoides
Ditto Rhyncops nigra
Ditto Chroicocephalus ridibun-
dus
Ditto Diomedia exulans
Ditto Procellaria gigantea
Ditto Hudyptes
Ditto OnocrotalusNew Holland
Ditto Thalassidroma pelagica
Ditto Uria troile
Ditto Podiceps eristatus
Ditto Colymbusseptentrionalis
Ditto Graculus cristatus
Ditto Sula bassana
Dar be Son,bidh?o the Gace.
*
_ PANDION LEUCOCEPHALUS. .
¢a
i
: INE Weer
Sor a remy hrs Orica ara TAT
Bore Nature om Line by J Hreclebow STRUTHIO CAMELUS. Dey bs Son, Lith’ to the Qacen
fig. 1. Goper part of Cranium.
, &.Lowe Mastlary bone.
» 3. Busat view of Cranvme.
labore on Tine by J. Eractebev.
Thwice Nat. size.
; Stern of yo
i ; Tyndius Mustus,
Twice Nat. size.
_ Soruthio Cameéus, sule vee of Cran.
te of Lower Ma Bone.
ig Gaanew Fowl Di alia Cue ta )
vivis (young }
STIL,
TN. Pi. 3.
Day & Serv, Lith *ta the Qaecw.
-
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7. Casnorius Emav.
4. Podergus Hameraiis .
3. Foleo y :
rome Nettare ow Zine by 1. Eratebew. fi Poregrimns Day Son, Lith’ *to the Gaver.
AB da", sob Es
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Teliy Ol
From Matare on Line ly TEralebow. Dok Son, lath tothe Qneon,
SARCORAMPHUS GRYPHIUS.
Tram Nature on Line by SEratebew.
SERPENTARIUS IRI
EPTIOLIVORUS »
Ph. aA.
Duy kSor, Lith! tothe Quecw.
From Nature on Linoby J Erxleben.
FAUCO
PEREGR
NUS .
Day & Son Lith” to The Queen .
From Nature on Line by I Erxleben.
KETUPA JAVANENSIS
°
Waly 374 aa
Day & Son Litto The Queen.
APE lL, PNG Vonisy,
Day é Son, lit’ to the Queen.
From Waters on Line by I Erateben.
|
5. Petasphorw Jolatw.
Figs. 1.4.3.4. Trochilue Cig.
Pit, @. AN, lone
om Nature on Lime by J Ereclebew. Daye Son, ith’ to the Gace.
CYPSELUS APUS.
Frame Matare om Line by S_Evadoben.
PODARGUS JEUMOEIRAILICS »
Daeg dein, ath to the neem,
a
Lom Newre ov Line by J Eraleben. Day Sor, Lith’ ta fie Gee
CORACIAS INDICA.
EURYSTOMUS ORDENTAILIS 0
From Nature ov Line by J Eraiebe. ae Lay & Sor, Lith” to te Gacew.
Pron Natare on Zine by J Liralebow.
TROGON MELANOCEPHALUS.
Day bSory Lith] *to the krcew.
s PL. 5.B.
Day tSon Lith’ to the Quem.
Tatare on Line by i Eratebaw.
Fig. 1. Todus Viridis. __ Fig. 4. Aledo Ispidw.
UIE One,
Day bSon Lith’ to the Qneen.
BUCEROS ABYSSINICUS.
Telly, We 18h.
tore ow Ltt by J Erateten. Dory Sore [nth *to the Queen.
CAPITO SWAINSONIT.
iL, 5).
From Nature on tine by Epalebew. i Daydé Sim, itthtetie Wen .
EURYLAIMUS SUMATRANUS.
Pyew
the tueew.
rT:
Dard Son plitthe’
CHRYSOTIS BRAZILIENSIS.
on Line by J rateban .
a
ie
j=:
i
Xs
Naware om Line by J_Eratebon. Dak Soy, Lith’ to the bacen.
GECINUS DIMIDIATUS.
| feotlpsihe, teh
nic Nature on Line by J Erecleben.. Day de Sor, Lith to the iaueen .
CENTROPUS PHASIANUS. .
Dory son, frah’? lo the. Caeer
TURACUS GIGAS.
Weald, gSiepdl
Hatwore on Tine by IBreclebow. . Day beSon, Lith! *to the Gneen.
PTEROGLOSSUS BAILLONII .
“98
@ om Line by! Grrichen Day d Son Lith 00 the aco.
CUCULUS GLANDARIUS.
Pee “Ba aE
Dart Som, Lito the Gace.
GEOCOCCYX MEXICANUS.
IAG Ly 12
Vatwre ov Line by J Lrabeen. , : Dayk Sow,Lith™ to the Queen,
ZIP HOREYNCHUS TROCHILIROSTRIS »
AMTHOCEHMERA LEWINITI >»
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a
Dox & Sore, Tthd te the Qaeerv.
Pasa
ti de
es bi
TPAD <8), Qe
lature ov Line by J. Braleben’, Dacy & Sor, Litl’*to the hacen.
‘lo MENURA LYRA. , -
| From Nature on Banchy J Erxleben
+
AL Sra
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‘ ‘aa
Day & Som, lath to The Queer .
1. SYLVIA. EOIPPOLAIS.2. PARUILA BRAZULIANA .
we
ty
bs
fo
(oy)
From Nature on ZanebyJ. Hrxleber . ; Day & Son Lun ™toLh> Queen
1, TCHITREA MELANOPYGA. 2. TYTYRA INQUISITOR ..
> Tae
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Pd ah x . .
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Day beSon, Lith to The Queen .
From Nature miineby I Erxlebew,
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From Naburcan kincly I Lrxleven . Day bSonluh”™ to lhe Quen.
2. HURUNDO RIEPARIA .
L, PLATYRHYNCHUS CANCROMUS.
sisal eae
-
From Nature om Jane by J Eraleben
NEOMORPHA GOULDII ,. 2
2
Trom Nature on Hine by I Erxlebew.
- i _
>, - ~ _-
7 ~
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*
aC’ SO tad ai .
“CASSICUS PIFASCIATUS .
HERING) Ae?)
Day &eSon lth” to The Queer
~
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PL.1L.F
From Natare om tne by 7 Eralebe Day & Sor, Lithl* to the Jucew.
H
1. DRYMOIPEOILA LORICATA.. 2. LAN. [US COLLURIO.
PLZ
From Wature wv/ine ty J Fradeben: f : . Day b Sor [itl? to the Qneew
LSALTATOR MAGNUS._2. SPERMOPEHAGA. JEICEMATINA .
TAR NS Aes
Strom Natare ov ime by J £raliben : : Day k Scry,Lith?® to the Gavan
CYPSIREINA LEUCOPTERA.
4
Laas
Oia =a
Lronv Nature ov “ine by J iraleben:
GOURA CORONATA «
Day ke Son, fith to te bueen
TPM AE ACs,
+
9 Bebe oly,
From Nanure on ac by J Eradetew Day ke Siry Lui? to the Yuen
TETRAQO WROGALLUS.,
From Natae ov tre by, J brake =a Diy £5 Lith? 5t0 the fuec.
CRAX GILOBICERA.
PA, fah5 lal
From Natare ov tine by J Exedeberv. Dug & Som,Lith? to the Green.
PHASIANUS NYCTHUEMGEIRUS.
From Nature on Cine by J Eraleber.
ORE OP HASIS DERBYAN US.
Pete TS ‘al
Day & Sqn Lithy to the Yneen.
Halles
from Natare m tacty J Eraleben Day & Sor litho the Gucci.
STRUTHIO CAMELUS
\
OTIS HOURARA.
Day k Sony Lith *tothefwucaw
Tro Nature on Mac by LEredebew ; Day Sir, Luly’ othe Quon:
PL2.K,
From Nature or Line by J Eraclebew. Day ESon, lil? 3 to te nce,
: SCOPS VIRGO.
PL 3.K
Day & SotLit? to the nee
r
PL4.K.
Thome Nature ov dine by LEracleben. 7 Day h Som,Lith® tothe Queen:
PIHOENICOPTERUS RUBER.
>
4.
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a
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Day keSon, Lito the fueerv
miata Saag sii
aye
Fromilatue ov tc ly J Eracdeben.
a
FromNanre yn tine by J fFraleberv -_e Day &; Simp Lune te the (Gueen.
PL.8.K.
From Nawure on hire by J Braleben. ; a } Day & Sorin te the fucen:
TOTANUS GLOTTIS, |
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From Natiare of Vine by THialeben: . ay ee
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LIMOSA RUFA
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Sam,
Dayke
From Naiure om Circ by J Eraleber
AUP TEN
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From Nature ov Wine by J Erxleberv
HELIAS PEALEN ODES.
Day & Sor, Lid sto the Queer,
PE 1S Ke
From Maire on have by J Liracleben. ; Dag &Sonlithts to the Sacer
GLAREOLA PRATINCOLA. :
trom Nature otic by J Evadebepo.
ARAMUS SCOLOPACEUS. ©
Dag & Sor Lith to the Grice
pitas. oc
Pr boas
From.Naaure mv tino by J Firalebe. Day & Sons Sith?® to the Queen
CEDICNEMUS LONGIROSTRIS.
PL.IL.
From:MNature ov tive by SEvxleven: aan ' Day é:Son,Ji te the (teen
COLYMBUS SEPTENTRIONALIS .
PL.2.L.
Lan Nature ov Cine ly JEreleben. : Day & Son, Lith’ to the Queer.
PODICEPS CRISTAT US.
|
ae
sini sabececoass
sath koetOe
From Nature on Zine by TFreleben.
URIA TROILE.
Fron Nature crv dune by J Fraleben:
EUDYPTES.
TEM ID,
Day & Sor Litiv® to the Queav
€
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: *,
a> vo
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Day &Son, Lith? tothe Queen.
From Matare on Lave by) Fraleberv.
GRACULUS CRISTAT
°
Us
Fivm.Mature ov hae by SFEradeben
Day & Son, Lith?*to the Queen
4
a
=
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Dake Son Lith to the Queers
Epa oda Cea)
‘ONOCROTALUS.
Feast
eae 7 dene Oy Perea)
omer
sp sour ee cp QM RN i
ances nn
Th Lo As
PL.8.L
Day & Sor, Lith’ to the Queere.
PLO.L,
Lio Nature on Zine by JEreleben. ; Day & Son, Lith! Sto the Queen,
DIOMEDEA EXULANS.
PL.10.L.
Lhom Nature on Zine by SLieleben. Diy & Son Lith’to the Queen,
| | THALASSIDROMA PELAGICA.
from Nature on weve by J Erateh
CHROICOCKPHALUS
RIDIBUNDUS.
PL.
Day k Sor, Luhrs to the Queen.
Pate
ise
te
marsh
A
Lrom Nature on kau by J Eralebau
RHYNCHOPS NIGRA.
PLAZ Ls
Day & Sop,Lith?®ta the Queen
nem Nature vm Stone by J Eaxleber.
Fig 1. Aguila cryeaetos .
a Cathartes aro:
», &. Neaphrom percnanterus .
» +. Sarcoramphus gryphius.
» 0. Cyps Huivis .
Pig € Vultur «
Bk Seay
tes
10. Gypae COS
2
DAPCOT AMPs Pipa
2reu,
CALAP US PEPUUVOTUS -
Sn
MGA
i «
93. Poiyborus tharus.
Z
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AP ORCLS .
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. 4. Circus Cromene. » IL Creaiines Brachydacty ae.
, & Lbycter Ater. », Lt. Spiratios Carrhatas.
, 6. A4capitar Nisneé. , 13. Hiltaster Poticertaws.
, 7 Mitvas Morons. » 4 Aguiiw Neww.
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Gieeex pilin elys Seca: ae ONE? Lercmopterus. , 39. Lkeractden Berigorw. EEE BA CLG
,, 4 Lolyborus Tharue . , Lo. Nyctea Nivew.
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Nature on Lin by J Eredebav. ? Dar t Som, Irth’ to the Queer,
lg. 1. Podargus Humerais. Fig. 7. Alcedo Ispidw.
, 4&4. Harpactes Reamnworw . ,, € Merops Biolor.
, 3 Megaloima Corvna. ; , 9. Todas Virtas.
: , 4. Greloriderm Temebrosw. , 10. Coradaas Garruta.
» & Earylamus Sumatran. ,, 11. Upapa Lops.
, 6. Gorystormas Orientals. ,, 1h. Buceros Abyssmaas.
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lature on Line by TErateben. Lig; Son, Lith’ ta the Qacew.
Lugs. 1. Podargué Humerate.
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lature on bine by I Erateben.
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3. Megotaima Virens.
4. (heonidara Tmebrosw.
et Eurylaamus Sumatranus.
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&. Todus Virvdie .
9. Gracdas Garrvdy.
10. Urapa Epops.
tu. Buceros Panam.
12. Momotus Brantiosis.
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PL.25,
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Ph. 26.
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OREOPHASIS DERBYANUS.
PL. 28.
Day Si, Lule? to the Pueers,
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