a R t bons me aa rm Ss % ete Oe pskee Ta 4 RETAIL PRICE LIST of CAltrorniam Bulb INCLUDING BURBANK’S HYBRID LILIES Zl (GHAR IE, IPR IDS? Ukiah, Mendocino County, California 1907 LILIUM HUMBOLDTII This grand Lily often bears from fifteen to twenty of its glorious orange blossoms of great size. The Var Magnificum is easily grown and flowers the first year. For a full stem see page a1. to CALIFORNIAN BULBS INTRODUCTION It was in the year 1879, when I was a boy of eighteen, that I first began the collection of the native bulbs, seeds, and plants of California. I was first employed by a firm in the East, which was the pioneer in hardy plants, and then gradually widened my field, until ] now have customers all over the world. It was not long after I had begun to collect before I tried to cultivate them as well. Each year I traveled more widely as a collector and experimented more largely in the garden, until the time came when | could give to the business my entire time. My experiments in bulb culture have been in several localities and quite extensive. Some years ago I discovered the peculiar fitness for the culture of true lilies of a little valley which nestles high in the Coast Range between Men- docino and Lake Counties, California. There for some years I grew true lilies as well as many other bulbous plants with great success, and gained an education which enabled me to select a still better location at “The Terraces,” only a mile away, where I have now concentrated my gardening operations. It is probable that a better site for the culture of plants from many regions could hardly be found. It is at an altitude of 2,300 feet above the sea and 1,600 feet above Ukiah Valley, which can be seen four miles below. With a fine supply of water and rich and varied soils in many exposures, it is a site for a garden, and I am growing the finest bulbs and plants of the Great West with perfect success there. _To secure and grow what is best of the flora of that immense region which stretches from Central British America to Mexico and from Color- ado to the Pacific is a task which may well take years of time and endless patience, but it is the stint which I have set for myself and confidently expect to carry out. While my special field has been in the collection and cultivation of the wild plants, T have experimented widely with bulbs from all over the world, and have been exceedingly successful with Tulips and Daffodils. I have reason to believe that the bulbs that I grow of these are not excelled even in Holland, where their growth has been a specialty for hundreds of years. RARE PLANTS _ Through a large corps of trained collectors I reach almost every part of the region which | have indicated as my chosen field, and have excellent facilities for securing any rare plant, bulb, or seed which any patron may be especially desirous of. ‘ M y charge for securing rare plants will be as reasonable as circumstances permit. Sometimes the desired plant is not one which would be desired by the general trade, and in that instance T would have to make a charge to cover the entire expense of securing it. A plant may be hundreds of miles from the nearest available collector, and when he has traversed that distance there are contingencies which may make the journey fruitless,— as, for imstance, his arrival a little too early, before the seeds are ripe, or a little too late, when they have fallen. Again a dry season may have prevented any seed from forming or cattle or sheep have eaten the plants. The actual time consumed in gathering a seed may be trifling, while the cost of reaching it is considerable. Qn the other hand, it has often i) PRICE LiStT OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS happened that some very rare plant was readily accessible to some of my collectors and the expense to the customer very small. Correspondence on this subject will receive careful attention. THE BEST VARIETIES My extensive experiments in bulb culture have enabled me to test many things, and it is my aim to offer only the best. I have discarded many forms formerly grown, in favor of better ones. TO VISITORS The Terraces are situated about eight miles southeast of Ukiah and well toward the summit of the range of mountains which separate Men- docino County from Lake County. The altitude of Ukiah is about 700 feet, while that of The Terraces is 2,300. The Terraces are natural, and are a succession of steplike slopes caused by the deposition of lime and magnesia in a cafion. The longest step is over eighty feet high, and a beautiful stream, rising in large springs at the upper end of the highest terrace, jumps over them in charming cascades and falls. The natural setting is both unique and charming, while the distant view is very fine. After leaving Ukiah the route leads past the Weare Asylum and on across the valley until about four and a half miles from Ukiah it enters the cahon of South Mill Creek, one of the most charming mountain streams in Northern California. For two miles the road is built with ane grades. Then it becomes much steeper, and soon leads to sinuous erades along the mountain-sides, overlooking the distant valley. It takes about two hours and a half, with moderately good horses and a light rig, to go up from Ukiah, while half of that time is ample for the return. Safe horses and a light vehicle with good brakes should be secured at Ukiah, and if the visitor is not a good driver, one should be secured. The month of April ushers in the flowering season with Daffodils and Dog’s-tooth Violets. Tulips soon follow, and are at their best in the early forms by the 15th. Hyacinths follow, and in early May come the Star Tulips and late-flowering Dutch Tulips. In late May and early June the Mariposa Tulips are at their best, with \ host of other bulbous plants. Early June brings early Lilies, while prob- Abie the greatest Lily bloom is about the 20th. Lilies linger into early July. After that time I have no fiowers to interest the visitor. Tam not a grower of roses, carnations, or any other of the florist flowers, but a bulb specialist, and all of my bulbs flower before July. I am certain to get letters at Ukiah on Saturdays and Wednesdays. Other trips from The Terraces to town are irregular. A LIST OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS WHICH WILL THRIVE IN HEAVY SOILS In many parts of California, and especially around San Francisco bay, the prevailing soil is a heavy clay or that sticky clay known as adobe, in which a great many species of plants and ‘lb will not thrive. On this account I believe that it will be helpful to my customers to have a list of the bulbs which will thrive in such soils. Brodiaeas. All of those in section 2 will thrive in the heaviest adobes, even if very wet in the winter. B. Californica is the best for such a soil. Nearly all Brodiaeas will do well in clays, and B. Laxa and B. Pedun- cularis will thrive in the heaviest. Posi Ce brs’! OF CALIZPORNILAN BULBS B. Capitata alba also will do in adobes if well drained. Globe Tulips. Calochortis albus and amabilis will do well in heavy clays in shade if drainage is good. Mariposa Tulips. Calochortus Vesta, a gloriously beautiful flower only grows in sticky adobes in the wild state, and Calochortus venustus var. purpurascens grows in like soils. C. Venustus var. oculatus and citrinus thrive in clays which are quite wet at times in the winter, and C. splendens rubra, which is the largest lilac Mariposa Tulip, comes from very sticky red adobe but well drained. Camassias. These are very fine plants and all of them will thrive in soils where they are wet all of the winter, and in the heaviest of clays or adobes. The forms of C. Leichtlinii are superb plants, two to four feet high, with very fine flowers. All of them will hold their own against the wild grasses. Erythroniums or Dog’s-Tooth Violets. These must have some shade and good drainage, but E. citrinum, FE. Californicum, E. Hendersonii and all of the Revolutums will do well in heavy soils, even verging on the adobes. Fritillarias. I. Biflora, F. Liliacea and F. Pluriflora are native to the heaviest and stickiest clays and adobes, but no other Fritillarias should be planted in heavy soils. Lilies. Few lilies will thrive in heavy soils. L. Humboldtii, if given good drainage thrives wonderfully in some heavy clays or even adobes and the variety Magnificum will do as well. No one must expect flowers the first year from L. Humboldtii, although Magnificum is nearly sure to bloom. Lilium Columbianum, too, will grow in quite heavy clays, and I have seen it in clay so sticky that it could with difficulty be dug. Lilium Pardalinum will thrive in quite heavy clays if well drained. Trilliums. Both T. Sessile and Snow Queen grow well in heavy clays which are quite wet in winter if well drained in midsummer. Daffodils are among the best of bulbous plants for heavy soils, as they prefer clay loams and in water will stand much water. BRODIAEAS This is a race of hardy bulbous plants, native to the Western Uinited States, andi es perc tail Vy, adapted to woodland, hillsides, and rockwork, and for naturalization. When planted among ferns or low- erowing plants, above which their slender stems nod gracefully, they are at their best. The leaves are produced at their base and are grass-like, the naked flower-stalks are slender and grace- ful, and are terminated by a head or umbel of waxy flowers. All are pretty, and some are very fine indeed. The bulbs ripen hard, and can be mailed to any part of Brodiaea Candida the world. PRILCw WLS wewt OF CA Ww Iie Oi NI AIN BW I ib S CULTURE Brodiaeas are moderately hardy in even the coldest parts of the United States, and at the most would demand a covering of leaves. They are especially fine for naturalization in open slopes, and the rougher the better, and they are most happy in the rich light soil in the crevices of rock or on rockwork where they can be planted woods, on hill very closely. They should be planted in the fall not later than the last of October in cold regions or by January Ist on the Pacific slope. Plant at a depth of from two to two and a half inches, and two inches apart is ample. While in California and the Northwest they are found in a great variety of soils it will be found that excepting a few varieties which will be noted a moderately light and well drained soil, either gritty, or a sandy or clay loam will suit all. This treatment will give success, but where other soil is either preferable or allowable I will so note. SHAS WAKING 1 Candida. The flowers are large, of a very delicate light lilac, and are very handsome. See halftone. Se each; 50c per dozen. B. laxa. This pretty plant has a stout stem, bearing a loose umbel of blue flowers—as many as 60 very lasting flowers. 2c each; 20c per dozen. Bridgessii. Very fine, in reddish purple. 3c each; 25c per dozen. Immense umbels as much as two feet across, with porce- [It grows well in wet places, especially in light soils 3e each; 25c¢ per dozen. Peduncularis. lain white flowers. along stream courses. Lactea. Close umbels of white flowers banded green. Pretty; like a small Star of Bethlehem. 2c each; 20c per dozen. Ixioides, var. Splendens. A most charming plant with yellow flowers. 3c each; 25c per dozen. SHECWUOIN| I All of these will thrive in heavy soils even in sticky adobe. Californica. The largest of the section. Stems one to two feet high with large, pinkish, purple flowers. Flowers in loose umbels and of a thick waxy texture. Very lasting. Grandiflora. Large, deep purple flowers. 2c each; 20¢ per dozen. Stellaris. A beautiful dwarfish plant, with bright purple flowers with white centers. SE Cacelng Axe joer alleovaciny, Terrestris. In this the stems rise hardly above the ground and form a cluster of pale purple flowers. 3c each; 25c per dozen. SECTION III—CALIFORNIA HYACINTHS Capitata. Violet flowers in close heads on slender stems, two feet or more in height. A gritty soil, rich in leaf mold, best suits them. 3c each; 25c¢ per dozen. SECTION! IAW B. coccinea (The Floral Firecracker). A wonderfully striking plant, with tubular flowers from one to one and one-half inches long, pendent in umbels, crimson, tipped with pea-green. The name is most apt. Among ferns or on rockwork the effect of a mass is very fine. The Floral Fire- cracker delights in a loose, well-drained soil, in a shady place, and with some leaf mold. se each; 50c per dozen. 6 CALOCHORTUS CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA In California, the native state of most of them, it is the easiest possible thing to grow them well. And Californians, of all others, should cultivate the Butterfly Tulips, at once so beautiful and our own special pride. Let the bed be slightly raised to give the perfect drainage, which is the first requisite to success. If it slopes slightly to the south it is better. The bed should be filled to the depth of about ten inches with a light, loose soil. Do not use one in which there is manure—sandy loam suits the larger number of them. To keep the soil loose and porous, any loose material, such as small gravel and grit, spent tanbark, or pounded charcoal well mixed in, is a great help. November is the best month in which to plant, but in California Calo- chorti can be put in the ground as late as February and make a good growth. Plant about 2 to 3 inches deep, and as far apart each way. A little shade is a good thing. Only water when plainly needed, and after they have flowered dry off completely, and leave alone until fall. The first rains will start them into fresh growth and they do not need to be reset. CULTURE IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES Keeping the essentials that I have mentioned in view, the following from “Garden and Forest,’ of July 7, 1897, written by J. R. Gerard, a successful amateur of Elizabeth, New Jersey, will give valuable cultural hints: “It is probable that many who have ventured to grow them have been disappointed in results, for the cultural directions of the catalogs are usually more or less incorrect. They often recommend cultivation in frames or other conditions which deter most growers from attempting their cultivation. My experience with all the species is that they are not tender nor at all difficult to flower in this latitude in the ordinary garden border. Calochorti grow naturally in regions rainless in summer and where dormant plants waken into growth in the fall under the influence of moisture, but not necessarily of a high temperature. They are hardy here without protection, but must be classed with those bulbs whose foliage will not always endure the rigor of our winter. The successful growths of such bulbs require that after being thoroughly ripened in the early summer they shall be kept perfectly dormant so late in the year that no foliage can appear above the ground until early in the ensuing spring. The simplest and safest procedure is to lift the bulbs after ripening foliage indicates dormancy, and store them in dry earth in a warm dry place, and plant out when the ground has lost its warmth, which in this locality is in November. Under such treatment they grow and flower well here even in soil too hard to work in dry weather, and with no other attention than that already suggested. Of course one does not plant bulbs in manured soil or soil rich in humus, which will hold water and ferment to their injury.” CULTURE IN ENGLAND A successful grower writes in London “Garden”: “A large raised bed, formed in November, and sloping to the south, was composed of leaf mold and road grit in equal parts, with a similar portion of sharp sand. The bulbs were planted three inches deep, and the whole bed was covered with reeds to throw off the heavy rains and keep the soil open. Many young growths appeared early in January, and by the end of February nearly all were showing above ground. The reeds were then removed. In my opinion a good many failures to grow Calochorti may be attributed IPE On 15, LILES | MO) ah Co IL; IA OVP IRN IE SANT N= IB} Baal =) to late planting. The main points in the culture of Calochorti are early planting, a light, porus soil, sunny position, protection from heavy winter rains (but not coddling), plenty of water whilst in full growth, and thorough ripening of the bulbs in August, either by taking them up or placing lights over them.” CULTURE ELSEW HERE It will be noted that the conditions essential to success are much the same everywhere, taking climatic peculiarities into account. in Aus- tralasia exactly the treatment recommended for California should be given, but there they would be used for spring planting. In Central Europe as in the Eastern United States, and in the South as in California, only seeing that they are thoroughly dried off after flowering and lie dormant until the proper season for growth. Calochorti in Pots. While they cannot be forced much they can be grown in pots fairly well as follows: Use a sandy or loamy soil with good drainage. Plant 1% to 2 inches apart, which will give six to twelve to a six- inch pot. Moisten the soil and put the pot in a dark place, a cellar preferred, for about six weeks to let them root. Then bring into a warm, sunny place and water moderately. After flowering, let them ripen well and then dry off and leave perfectly dry until fall. The Globe and Star Tulips will do fairly under this treatment and fair success may be had with the Venustus forms. Of other Californian bulbs, Erythroniums and Brodiaeas, of the first section, can also be grown nicely in pots, giving the Brodiaeas full sun and the Erythroniums a cool, shady place in window. Calochorti in Cold Frames. Give exactly the same soil as for culture in England. After ripening, keep the sashes on and keep beds perfectly dry until October. Hardiness of Calochorti. Read carefully what Mr. Gerard has to say on preceding page, and in which I fully concur. It is the mild winter in which danger lies in the East. Many of my customers have fine success in the open in the East, while others fail. Miss U., living on the Hudson, writes August 26th: “I have again had splendid success with my Californian bulbs and have flowered every one. I have planted on the first of November in rather sandy soil. Vhe bed is well drained in quite a sheltered spot. It gets full sun until about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Before the ground freezes hard I have given it a cover of about three inches of dried leaves. These have been removed in the spring when danger of heavy frost is over. I have found it a good plan to have a few leaves around the shoots for a while and to keep some extra leaves at hand to add at night when frost threatens. In this way I have succeeded most delightfully with the Venustus varieties and the Globe Tulips and Gunnissoniu. My bed of Erythroniums was a per- fect success.” Mr. B., who has a summer home in New Hampshire, writes: “I forgot to say that the Calochorti that I planted in New Hampshire did remarkably well.” These C. Nuttallii and C. Nitidus had no extra care. A lady writing in full in “Garden Magazine” of September, 1907, says that C. Amabilis and C. Maweannus Major planted in early November, 1905, and mulched had done well for two years without resetting, and that C. Amabilis had improved. The article mentioned gives valuable cultural hints regarding many Californian bulbs. A well known Eastern landscape gardener writes to me, saying that C. Nuttall naturalizes readily in Central Pennsylvania and only suffers from rabbits which are very fond of its leaves. As varieties of C. Nuttallii are wild as far East as Wyoming this is to be expected. I have no doubt that the following species can by mulching be made to naturalize perfectly in open woodland in the East, wherever the soil is light and well drained. All of the Globe and Star Tulips, C. Nuttallii, C. Nitidus, C. Howellii, C. Gunnissonii, and C. Leichtlinii. CALOCHORTUS—DIVISION ONE SECTION I—GLOBE TULIPS Globe Tulips have a single, long, glossy leaf, slender and very graceful stems, and many flowers. The blossoms are globular in form, pendent like bells, and of the most exquisite silky texture. The plants as a whole are the perfection of grace, and while scarcely brilliant are beautiful. They are natives of the woodland, delighting in a loose soil, with some mold and light shade. They do wonderfully well when planted in the crevices of rocks in a little leaf mold. Indeed, the finest I have ever seen are in such situations. There are no more charming subjects for naturalization than these woodland beauties. Albus (Fairy Bell—Lantern of the Fairies—White Globe Tulip). This most charming plant has stout, many-flowered stems, often a foot high. The large pendent blossoms are perfect globes, pure pearly white, an inch in diameter, edged with silky hairs. 3¢e each; 25ce per dozen. © Albus (Dhe Pearl). WDhis is the form common in the Northern Coast Ranges, and while lower in growth than the other, has a finer flower. In shape it is a large, pendent globe, well inarched, and of the most exquisite texture. 3e each 25¢ per dozen Amoenus. An _ exquisite rose pink flower, otherwise like Albus. Se each; 50c per dozen. Amabilis (Longe known as Pul- chellus). The flowers of this splendid sort are golden yellow in color, numerous, and of the same shape as the paper pin-wheels with which children play. 3c each; 25c per dozen. Pulchellus. A most exquisite flower with the habit of Albus The Pearl, but light lemon in color. 10c each; $1.00 per dozen. SECTION II—STAR TULIPS With the exception of the last these are slender-stemmed grace- ful little plants, bearing from three to six cup-shaped flowers, of very delicate finish. Like the Globe Tulips, they are woodland plants, and well adapted to rockeries and naturalizing in woods. Benthamii. Bright yellow. The dainty cup lined with silky hairs. 3e each; 25¢ per dozen. CALOCHORTUS ALBUS—Fancy Bell Lilacinus. Native of heavy soils in wet meadows and very hardy and prolific. The numerous lilac or purple flowers borne on long stems, and not hairy within. I can highly recommend it. 3c each; 25c per dozen. Maweanus major (Cat-ears). The lovely white flowers are filled with silky blue hairs. I offer only an extra strong strain, which approximates the Giant Star Tulips in size. 3c each; 25ce per dozen. Purd yii. This is a very fine, tall variety which grows throughout Western Oregon. The stems grow to over a foot in height with erect cup shaped flowers which are white and heavily lined with long silky hairs. It is one of the most likely to succeed in colder and wetter climates. 5c each; 50c per dozen. 10 BUTTERFLY TULIPS Calochortus Venustus Roseus (spotted at top) and C. Venustus El Dorado (See page 11.) AMRIONS, MURS OVSyey URL JEIOP ID IM ENS IEE Se IP UNL IPXS) (CALOCHORTUS VENUSTUS) In this group of bulbous plants there is an elegance of form, with a wonderful beauty of coloring, which justifies the enthusiastic praise that they have received wherever known. Their exquisitely modeled flowers are erect and cup-shaped like their cousins of Europe and Asia, but are smaller and more graceful. The branches are slender and often many-flowered, slender and erect. The brilliantly-colored flowers have eye-like spots on each petal and sepal, and other delicate markings with dots, lines and hairs. Only the orchid excels them in varied beauty. It is not to be wondered that the Spanish called them “Butterflies,” for which their musical word is Mariposa, for no flower could more perfectly imitate the markings on a butterfly’s wings. The bulbs are small and can be mailed dry to all parts of the world. Venustus, var. Roseus. The petals are broad, creamy-white suffused with pale lilac. A rose colored blotch is at the apex of the petal, a richly marked eye in the middle, while the base is hairy and beautifully tinted. The back of the petal is also richly colored with carmine. A most lovely species. 5e each; 40c per dozen. Var. Purpurascens. In this the flowers may be three inches in diameter, creamy white inside for half way, but with purplish center and purple out- side. They have no rose-colored blotch, but have the usual eye. It is a strong grower, native to heavy soils, and is one of the best of all Calo- chorti. Colored plate in “Garden” (London), 1895. 5c¢ each; 40c per doz. THE EL DORADO STRAIN The plants are vigorous in growth, and from 1 to 3 feet high and quite floriferous. The flowers are large and the petals have a satiny luster which is most captivating. The variety of colors is remarkable, and not exceeded in any flower even under the hybridizer’s care. From white they are found in all shades of lilac to deep purple, in all shades of reddish purple, pink, and salmons, and in rich deep reds. The markings are so numerous and variable as to be indescribable. Some few have a golden or red blotch Gear the apex On the petall all have a rich eye vanioushy marked, and all are beautifully marked and penciled about the base. They all grow together and the mixed bulbs as offered give endless surprises. There is no better investment for the flower-lover than a hundred or more. In addition to general cultural directions, I would say that this strain especially likes some shade and a very porous soil. Avoid heavy soils. My Superb Mixed Bulbs. 3c each; 25c per dozen; $2.00 per 100. OCULATUS STRAIN OF C. VENUSTUS Venustus, var. Oculatus. These are among the very best Calochorti. Sturdy stalks bear flowers sometimes four inches across. In color they vary from white and cream through lilac to purple. The eye is large and richly zoned, the pencilings about the base are very delicate, and the flowers very attractive. 3c each; 25c per dozen; $2.00 per 100. Var. Citrinus. This superb variety is like the last, but lemon-yellow, with almost black eye. In England this is considered the finest of all Calo- chorti. It is the largest seller of all with me. 3c each; 25c per dozen; $2.00 per 100. Var Vesta. This may be considered a variety of C. venustus, but | think it distinct. It is a species of my own, found in heavy clay soils, which nearly all of the other species are so impatient of. As a grower, it is the Wil PRICE LIST OF CALIFORNIAN BU IL BS best of all Calochorti, and will succeed in almost any ordinary soil. The immense flowers are from three to five inches across, borne on long separ- ate stalks, and numerous. Color white, suffused with lilac or rose-purple. Center red, back of petal purple, beautifully oculated. I think it the best of all Calochorti. Reports from Europe put it in the first rank. Supply certain, Very large—l0c each; $1.00 per dozen. Good—7e each; 60c per dozen. CALOCHORTUS VARIOUS SPECIES OF MARIPOSA TULIPS. All of these are superb flowers which differ from the True Butter- fly Tulips in being destitute of eye- like spots on the petals, and in varying much less in markings. Every one of these are beautiful, while some of them are simply ex- quisite in shadings. Splendens (The Lilac Mariposa Tulip). A tall, slender, many- flowered plant with fine lilac flowers of a deep reddish lilac finely marked at base. 4c each; 40c¢ per dozen. Splendens Var Rubra. This is a tall species from Lake County, Cal- ifornia, which bears large flowers of an exquisitely beautiful, satiny pink. It grows in a sticky adobe and is more likely to prove hardy than the first form. 6c each; 70c per dozen. Kennedyii. The dazzling ver- milion Mariposa of the deserts. 15c each; $1.50 per dozen. Plummerae Var Rosea. Often three or four feet high and much branched, with great satiny pink flowers which are covered on the lower half of the inside with long, silky, yellow hairs. It must be es- pecially well drained and must have a gritty or sandy soil. 10c each; $1.00 per dozen. Of all of the Calochorti that I have ever seen this is the most beautiful. [t is not easily grown, but worth much trouble. Upper flower, Mariposa Tulip, El Dorado. Lower flower, Lilac Mariposa (c. splendens) 15ce each; $1.50 per dozen. Clavatus. The largest-flowered and the stoutest-stemmed of all of the Mariposa Tulips. The blooms, which are shaped like a broad bowl, are over four inches across, of a deep yellow, and the lower half covered by stiff yellow hairs, each tipped with a translucent knob, which in the hight looks like an icicle. The stem is very stout and zigzageed. 15c each; $1.50 per dozen. PRkCw List OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS Nuttallii, An exquisitely lovely, white-flowered plant, from the arid portions of the Great Basin. In purity of color and daintiness of marking it is notable. (See page 11.) sc each; 50c¢ per dozen. Gunnissonii. The Colorado Mariposa Tulip. An exquisitely beautiful species with white flowers banded with green hairs at base and often with color markings. Very hardy. 6c each; 60c per dozen. Leichtlinii. A subalpine form of the latter, growing to an altitude of 9,000 feet in the Sierra Nevadas; a slender plant with smoky white flowers, prettily marked and quite pretty. It should be perfectly hardy in cold regions. oc each; 50c¢ per dozen. Macrocarpus. Unique in the shape of the flowers, which have long, narrow-pointed petals of a pale silvery lilac, with bands of green down the back. 6c each; 60c per dozen. Catalinae. A superb thing in lilac, with almost black spot at base; re- sembles the Butterfly Tulips. (See next page.) 10c each; $1.00 per dozen. Nitidus. A most unique and lovely plant midway between the Mariposa Tulips and the Star Tulips. It is a native of the Northwestern regions, where it grows in cold, wet spots, and endures great cold. Strong grow- ing, with from five to ten blossoms in an umbel. The flowers are large and white, with an indigo blotch in the center of each petal. Covered inside with silky hairs. 3¢ each; 25¢ per dozen: CAMASSIAS A class of hardy bulbous plants of sturdy growth, hardy in any chmate, and succeeding best in moist, clayey soils. Many long, glossy leaves grow from the base, much as in the hyacinth, while the tall, stout stems produce a large number of handsome lily-like flowers in long succession. The Camassias are desirable for any ordinary garden, where they will establish themselves and thrive for years without further care. To those wishing plants to naturalize about ponds, in damp grassy spots, or by stream sides, Camassias are invaluable. They are quite able to maintain themselves among grasses and hedges; their fine flowers are peculiarly fitting to such surroundings. CULTURE IN THE EAST Mr. F. W. Barclay in “Country Life in America,’ of November, 1903, says: “I have tried C. Cusickii, C. esculenta, and C. Leichtlinii, (in Pennsylvania), all of which are hardy and will continue to live and do well in any good loam.” In the same magazine, E. O. Orpet, a well-known Massachusetts gar- dener, writes: “Camassias are easily treated here, and are most valuable early summer bulbs. All three are easily cultivated in any soil except where too much moisture is present. Esculenta. A much finer strain than the ordinary ones sold by the Dutch growers. Tall, a deep purple. 2c each; 15c per doz.; $1.00 per 100. Leichtlinii. A strong-growing plant with large cream-colored flowers. When well grown, a beautiful thing. I have had it four feet high with 120 flowers. Splendid for naturalization. 7c each; 60¢ per dozen. Cusickii. This is a giant among Camassias, with great leaves and a many-flowered stem, three or four feet high, with blue flowers. 10c each; $1.00 per dozen. Superb Seedlings of Camassia Leichtlinii in either white and shades or blue and purple. These are superb things and I have no better value to offer to the Eastern grower. 7 cts. each; 60 cents per doz. for very large bulbs. Do not fail to try them. FRITILLARIAS CULTURE There are three distinct classes of Fritillarias in California. The first includes F. Lanceolata, F. recurva and I*. coccinea and are woodland plants growing in loose soils, rich in leaf mold and demanding perfect drain- They are not regular bloomers, but expend their energies in a single They are exceedingly graceful and the latter age. bloom and then rest a year. two are very handsome. GIANT DOG’S-TOOTH VIOLETS Erythronium Californicum, represented in this fine half-tone, is of a rich creamy tint. Imagine the beauty of thousands dotted among low ferns and wood plants. Good bulbs for this purpose, $1.25 per 100; $10.00 per 1,000. 14 PRICE LISR OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS F. pudica is a low growing plant, native to the semi-arid areas of the west. It, too, demands loose soil and perfect drainage and thrives best in a sandy loam. The habit of F. Biflora is quite different. It is at its best in the coldest and stickiest clays and without shade except of the grass. It is a steady bloomer. Coccinea. A very attractive species, with crimson flowers. Se each; 50c per dozen. Lanceolata. This is a tall, graceful plant, with greenish brown or yellowish flowers mottled with brown. 6c each; 60c per dozen. Lanceolata, var. Gracilis. A charming form of the later, with reddish black flowers. 6c each; 60c per dozen. Pudica. A most charming, very early, clear yellow-flowered, fragrant sort, of high merit. Low-growing. Very fine. 6c each; 60c per dozen. Recurva. The finest Fritillaria in the world. The tall stalk produces as many as a dozen brilhantly clear scarlet flowers spotted with orange in the throat. Fine bulbs. 5c each; 50c per dozen. GIANT DOG’S-TOOTH VIOLETS (Erythroniums) If these most beautiful of Woodland Lilies had no other charm than that of their two large glossy base leaves, they would be prime favorites for woodlands, shady corners, and rockeries. The slender stems gracefully bear nodding flowers shaped like a Turk’s-cap Lily, and most daintily tinted in red, pink, white, cream, or yellow, according to species. They are perfectly hardy, with a protection of leaves in the winter, and for naturalization in woodlands or on shaded rock, for the fern corner, or any sheltered spot, are unrivaled. It is in the regions where the springs are cloudy or foggy, as in Oregon or England, that they are at their best. There, with their fitting wood companions, the leaves carpeting the ground, and the flowers two or three inches across, and borne on stems a foot or more high, they form a beautiful sylvan picture. CULTURE OF DOG’S-TOOTH VIOLETS They are perfectly hardy, with a winter covering of leaves. These lilies can be grown in clay, sandy loam, gravelly soil, or the most rocky kind of soil possible. The one essential is good drainage and light shades and shelter from sharp winds. The very best success will be had in a soil rich with leaf mold. The fern bed, rocky places, or cool woodland all suit them well. “Our one great success with California bulbs is with the Western Dog’s-tooth Violets,” writes E. O. Orpet from Massachusetts in “Country Life in America.” The Pacific Coast produces species far excelling others. In com- parison with the others the names “Giganteum” and ‘Grandijlorum” are most fitting. Grandiflorum Var Robusta. This very attractive plant has light green unmottled leaves and several flowers of the brightest buttercup yellow. -‘t is very hardy and is easily grown. Its native soil is a light sandy loam and it is early flowering. 4c each; 40c per dozen; $3.00 per 100. Californicum. This which many know as giganteum 1s-one of the very best. The cream-colored flowers are in racemes of from two to, even in exceptionally fine plants, sixteen fine flowers. The leaves are very richly mottled. It is exceptionally easy to grow and well growing, in masses of from a hundred to thousands. 2c each; 20c per dozen; $2.00 per 100. Prices on application for larger quantities. DIS PREIrCs Lis OF FC Atk (iy Oni NT ASN ee Uae Ss Hartweggii. Each of the fine, light yellow flowers is borne on its own slender stem, several in a sessile umbel. Very early and very hardy. It will grow in drver soils than any other, and better resists heat. The short heavy bulbs can be handled dry, and are as easily shipped as tulips, in dry packing. 2c each; 20c per dozen; $2.00 per 100. REVOLUTUM WATSONII Erythronium. An exquisitely beautiful Giant Doz’s-Tooth Violet, white barredtreddish’ brown. See page 18. 16 GIANT DOG’S TOOTH VIOLETS E Hendersonii. A charming variety, purplish with nearly black center. See page 18. ERYTHRONIUM HENDERSONII GIANT DOG’S-TOOTH VIOLETS—Erythronium Revolutum, purplish PRICE Lisr OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS Hendersonii. With the beautifully mottled leaves of Giganteum, it has a fine light purple flower with a very dark purple center, above which is a zone of yellow. Lovely and striking. 4c¢ each; 35¢ per dozen. THE REVOLUTUMS These form a group with distinct habits and likings as to soils. As a rule, the leaves are not so darkly mottled as in Giganteum. The leaves are broader, the stems seldom have more than one flower, and are very sturdy, a foot or two high. The broadly spreading flowers have more substance. They grow naturally on the borders of woods in heavy clay soils. I find them often growing most luxuriously in soils that are wet all winter. At the same time they thrive in lighter and dryer soils. All are simply superb as garden plants. The varieties are not the result of selection, but each comes from a different locality, where it grows to the exclusion of others. Revolutum (Type). A grand species, white or tinged purple when opening and turning darker with age. 4c each; 40c per dozen. Johnsonii. A most exquisite rose-colored form. By some considered the finest ever introduced. Se each; 50c per dozen. Watsonii. The flowers are cream-colored with a greenish caste, and often with a red band across the base. In cloudy weather the blos- soms are broadly bell-shaped, but in the sunlight well recurved. A grand form. 4c each; 40c per dozen. MIXED ERYTHRONIUMS Especially to accommodate those who wish cheaper bulbs to naturalize, I have been putting up a mixture of medium-sized bulbs, which are sure to give the very best satisfaction. 20c per dozen; $1.50 per 100. CALIFORNIAN LILIES In the number and beauty of its Lilies, California ranks next to Japan. Our Humboldtiis are among the most stately of the world’s Lilies. None excel our Washingtonianums in exquisite fragrance. Our Pardalinum is the best of all that the world produces, in its adaptability to ordinary garden conditions. Our Parryii, with its deliciously scented lemon-colored flowers, would be placed by a large majority of the world’s growers among the two or three most lovely of all known species. My specialty is California Lilies, and in my Terrace Gardens is the largest and most complete collection in the world. It is worth a long journey to be there when the thousands upon thousands of plants are at the height of their flowering season. Californian Lilies can be well divided into four sections, according to their affinities, and into two groups as to their culture. CULTURE GROUP I. The Liles of the Humboldtii and the Washingtonianum groups are natives of cool slopes in mountainous regions, where they grow in forests or where protected by a growth of shrubs. The soil is deep, perfectly drained, composed of clay or a rich loam mixed with leaf soil and the débris from broken-down rocks. In cultivating these lilies we should take lessons from nature ;— 1. Situation of the lily bed. They should be planted where they are protected from cold winds and the soil is not dried out by the direct heat of the sun. On large grounds, the ideal location is a glade in the woods, but the partial shade of deciduous trees, the shelter of rhododen- drons or bamboos, or similar shrubs, or of tall-growing perennial plants, 18 PRLCeE Bksr OF CALIF OR NEAN BU BS may give conditions quite suited to their culture. A protected nook on the shady side of the house is best on small grounds, and ferns are con- genial neighbors. 2. Drainage. This must be perfect. lf the ground is heavy and clammy, underdrainage should be given, and the soil made lighter and looser by the addition of humus and porous materials. 3. Soil. This should be a fairly good loam, mixed with humus and sand. New manures are always to be avoided with Lilies. 4. Planting. They should be planted so that the top of the bulb is not less than four inches from the surface; about each bulb put a layer of an inch or so of sand which will carry away excessive moisture and prevent fungous attacks. 5. Watering. Lilies should not be kept water-soaked, but should have a moist surface during the growing season. They are better to be kept rather dry after they have flowered. Never move a lily bulb unless absolutely necessary. My very best success with Lilies of this group has been in a very loose gravelly soil rich with leaf mold and with water running above and percolating under the roots. CULTURE GROUP II The second group into which I would divide Californian Liles as to culture comprises all of the so-called Bog Lilies. The Pardalinum and Parvum group are so classed. These Lilies grow naturally along the banks of small living streams, on the borders of lakes and ponds, in deep alpine meadows, on the borders of or on raised hummocks in bogs. Their buibs are not so deep as the others, and they are more dependent upon surface moisture The soil in such places as I have mentioned is always rich in rotten leaves and usually sandy; sometimes it is peat or pure humus. Low shrubs or tall plants protect the surface from heat, while the tall stalks rise above them into the sunlight. Be careful as to the following points:— 1. Drainage. The fact that they like moisture does not mean that they like a water-soaked soil. Many failures with Bog Lilies are due to this error. Better err in the direction of dryness. If the roots can go down to moisture all the better, but don’t of all things put the bulb in wet, gummy soil. 2. Soil. A light sandy loam mixed with leaf mold or peat is the best possible. 3. Situation. My description of the natural habitat will suggest the best location where large and varied grounds give a choice. On the margin of a pond or brook, planted a foot or so above the water level, in moist meadow-like expanses in sheltered places, or damp openings in woods. These are ideal locations for all of these Lilies. In small grounds a hydrant can be so arranged as to give a constant drip; the fern corner is good, and the rhododendron bed is perfectly adapted. Pardalinum will grow Soiernchally where good potatoes can be produced if the ground is a little shaded. During 1906 a careful test was made at the Missouri Botanical Garden, in which all of the Western Lilies, and also the native Eastern sorts, were planted in a well-prepared and carefully drained bed. Of twenty-three Western species, seventeen flowered the first year, while five gave no bloom. Of the Eastern sorts, none flowered. Among the Californians, Pardalinum var. Fragrans, Roezlii, Burbanks Humboldtit Pardaltum and Humboldtii Magnificum did best. while the forms of Washingtonianum were poorest. I understand that no extra protection was given, so this is a fair test of hardiness. 19 PRIChw wUisr OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS A lady in “Garden Magazine” for September, 1907, writes: “Although only one of my three bulbs of the Leopard Bog Lily (L. Pardalinum), planted in the fall of 1905, bore flowers this season, nine stalks appeared from three bulbs, three of which were in flower about the middle of July.” A customer from Akron, Ohio, writes that Lilium Humboldtii Mag- nificum did finely there without protection. Mr. E. V. Hallock, one of the largest bulb growers in America in his time, in an address before the Society of American Florists this August, says: “Lilium Pardalinum from California is a good keeping, free and sure flowering lily. Ninety-five per cent of the bulbs should bloom. Lilium Parryii from California is a very handsome yellow variety, and is not diffi- cult to bloom.” Mr. Hallock does not think well of Humboldtii and Wash- ingtonianum for the East, and I cannot recommend the type Washing- tomianum which [I will not sell on account of their poor growing and keeping qualities. On the other hand, Lilium Washingtonianum pur pureum is a good grower and keeper, and Lihum Humboldtii Magnificum cannot be excelled. Lilium Sulphureum. A magnificent lily native of Himalayas. O tall stem with immense long spreading trumpet, which is white with cr amy throat. Very fragrant. There is no grander lily known. It likes well drained, porous soil and enough water to keep the surface moist during its growth. Very fine bulbs $1.00. LILIUM HUMBOLDTII AND ALLIED SPECIES Humboldtii. A grand Lily, growing as tall as ten feet, but usually four or five feet high, with very stout stem and many large orange-red flowers, spotted with small maroon spots. Immense, 9 inches and upwards in diameter. (See illustration page 21.) 40c each; $4.00 per dozen. Very large, 8 to 9 inches in diameter. 30c each; $3.00 per dozen. Fine, 7 to 8 inches in diameter. 20c each; $2.00 per dozen. Var. Magnificum. A A Q w < iy fe) a A q x a ca fe) an = me fe) cd n i y S vo i HK a 16) c ae ) =) n o mM o s ica BURBANK’S HYBRID LILIES During a period extending over a number of years Luther Burbank, who is now recognized as the greatest improver of plants the world has ever known, crossed and hybridized Liles. In the course of his experiments, thirty or forty of the world’s Lilies were used, and hundreds of thousands of plants grown from the seed and flowered. No experiment in the improvement of Lilies can be mentioned in the same breath, either when the number of individuals grown in the effort or the results produced are considered. At the conclusion of his work he had perhaps a hundred plants which had been selected from a vast number of the very best. One of these, a cross between Pardalinum and Washingtonianum, a good Lily, but by no means the best, was intro- duced and with his consent called L. Burbanku. The others were turned over to me to be put in my Lyons Valley garden (where conditions were ideal for their culture), to be further selected from, and the very best propagated. In their new home they have done well, but the process of scale propagation is a slow one, and it will be several years before some of the magnificent species which were represented by a single bulb will be grown in sufficient quantity to offer to the world. I am able to offer to the world on joint account of Mr. Burbank and myself three fine varieties, either of which is a grand acquisition. 1. Hybrids of Pardalinum and Humboldtii. Of these there are fifty forms which I will sell in mixture. All share in the vigor of Pardalinum as a grower and the very strong habit of Humboldtii. All are splendid flower in shades of orange and crimson and dotted maroon. The bulbs are rhizomatous, very large and heavy, and the stalks grow from five to seven feet high. They are truly grand Lilies. 50c each. 2. A selected hybrid of Pardali- num on Parvum. It is a tall, strong Lily, with very many bell-shaped rich red flowers which face hori- zontally and give a very brilliant appearance. It is an excellent grower. 75c each. 3. L. Pardalinum (Red Giant). Mr. Burbank’s records were not perfect as to the parentage of all of the hybrids. This is unquestion- ably of hybrid origin, but its par- entage is not traceable. The stems are very heavy and leafy and of medium height. The immense broadly spreading flowers are orange at center with a broad ex- One of Burbank’s Hybrids. panse of the deepest crimson. A most striking novelty. 75¢ each. There are still to come a set of fragrant Pardalinum Parryii hybrids with yellow and lemon-colored flowers as large as a Harrissii, and lovely beyond any known species. 26 PRICRH LIST OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS NATIVE LILIES OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES I can offer superior bulbs of the best lihes of this class. They are all from the Allegheny mountains and will thrive under the culture recom- mended for the second group of Californians. L. Canadense. The Eastern Meadow Lily. I have the form with yellow pendent flowers, heavily spotted with brown. 15c each; $1.50 per dozen. L. Superbum. The Eastern Bog Lily. Perianth yellow, tipped red and heavily spotted brown. Growing to 5 or 6 feet in height and, at its best, a grand lily. 1 do not find it nearly as good a grower as L. Pardalinum. 15c each; $1.50 per dozen. L. Grayii. An erect plant, two or three feet high with fine, dark red, bell-shaped flowers. 25c each; $2.50 per dozen. TRILLIUMS Trilliums are attractive plants, closely related to the true Lily. They can be divided into two classes: The Grandiflorum class are from wood- lands, and grow in a cool, damp soil, rich in mold. The Sessile class are natives of much heavier soils. Usually they are to be found growing on the margins of streams, ponds or bogs. They are extremely hardy, thrifty, and the best are very satisfactory plants to grow in any cool, shaded corner of the ordinary garden, where they flower very early and last a long time, and are altogether easy growers. For naturalization the Sessiles, on the borders of streams, ponds, or bogs, are among the very best plants known. SESSILE FORMS Sessile, var. Californicum. A grand plant. Pure white with purplish tinge at center. Very strong growing. 5c each; 50c per dozen. Var. Snow Queen. The best of all. With the large habit of the Cali- fornicum, petals broad, pure white tinged cream, and with creamy center. The finest of bog Trilliums. 5c each; 50c per dozen. AMERICAN COWSLIPS (DODECATHEONS) These dainty plants are among the most charming wild flowers of California. With our fall rains they begin to grow, and the first mild days in the early spring bring their sweet blossoms. They ripen early with us and in the summer the spider-like roots become so dry that they break at the touch, but a little moisture quickly starts them into life again. All are beautiful, and California gives a charming variety in color and habit. There is a bog-growing form in the high mountains (Jeffreyii) which I do not handle. Either as pot plants for forcing, or in the garden, they are easily grown and pleasing. Any ordinary garden soil will do, although they thrive best in a sheltered (not necessarily shaded) situation, in loose, well-drained soil in which there is a mixture of rotted leaves. Clevelandii. One of the best. Tall-growing, with fine flowers, pure white, or delicately suffused with pink. I cannot supply the pure white variety separately. 4c each; 40c per dozen. Hendersonii. The best red species. Patulum yellow. 3c each; 25c per dozen. ine) N LADY SLIPPERS (CYPRIPEDIUMS) Montanum.