a
R
t
bons
me
aa
rm
Ss
%
ete
Oe pskee
Ta
4
RETAIL PRICE LIST of
CAltrorniam Bulb
INCLUDING
BURBANK’S
HYBRID
LILIES
Zl
(GHAR IE, IPR IDS?
Ukiah, Mendocino County, California
1907
LILIUM HUMBOLDTII
This grand Lily often bears from fifteen to twenty of its glorious orange blossoms of great
size. The Var Magnificum is easily grown and flowers the first year.
For a full stem see page a1.
to
CALIFORNIAN BULBS
INTRODUCTION
It was in the year 1879, when I was a boy of eighteen, that I first began
the collection of the native bulbs, seeds, and plants of California. I was
first employed by a firm in the East, which was the pioneer in hardy plants,
and then gradually widened my field, until ] now have customers all over
the world.
It was not long after I had begun to collect before I tried to cultivate
them as well.
Each year I traveled more widely as a collector and experimented more
largely in the garden, until the time came when | could give to the business
my entire time. My experiments in bulb culture have been in several
localities and quite extensive.
Some years ago I discovered the peculiar fitness for the culture of true
lilies of a little valley which nestles high in the Coast Range between Men-
docino and Lake Counties, California. There for some years I grew true
lilies as well as many other bulbous plants with great success, and gained
an education which enabled me to select a still better location at “The
Terraces,” only a mile away, where I have now concentrated my gardening
operations.
It is probable that a better site for the culture of plants from many
regions could hardly be found. It is at an altitude of 2,300 feet above the
sea and 1,600 feet above Ukiah Valley, which can be seen four miles below.
With a fine supply of water and rich and varied soils in many exposures, it
is a site for a garden, and I am growing the finest bulbs and plants of the
Great West with perfect success there.
_To secure and grow what is best of the flora of that immense region
which stretches from Central British America to Mexico and from Color-
ado to the Pacific is a task which may well take years of time and endless
patience, but it is the stint which I have set for myself and confidently
expect to carry out.
While my special field has been in the collection and cultivation of the
wild plants, T have experimented widely with bulbs from all over the world,
and have been exceedingly successful with Tulips and Daffodils. I have
reason to believe that the bulbs that I grow of these are not excelled even
in Holland, where their growth has been a specialty for hundreds of years.
RARE PLANTS
_ Through a large corps of trained collectors I reach almost every part
of the region which | have indicated as my chosen field, and have excellent
facilities for securing any rare plant, bulb, or seed which any patron may
be especially desirous of. ‘
M y charge for securing rare plants will be as reasonable as circumstances
permit. Sometimes the desired plant is not one which would be desired
by the general trade, and in that instance T would have to make a charge
to cover the entire expense of securing it. A plant may be hundreds of
miles from the nearest available collector, and when he has traversed that
distance there are contingencies which may make the journey fruitless,—
as, for imstance, his arrival a little too early, before the seeds are ripe,
or a little too late, when they have fallen. Again a dry season may have
prevented any seed from forming or cattle or sheep have eaten the plants.
The actual time consumed in gathering a seed may be trifling, while
the cost of reaching it is considerable. Qn the other hand, it has often
i)
PRICE LiStT OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS
happened that some very rare plant was readily accessible to some of my
collectors and the expense to the customer very small.
Correspondence on this subject will receive careful attention.
THE BEST VARIETIES
My extensive experiments in bulb culture have enabled me to test many
things, and it is my aim to offer only the best. I have discarded many
forms formerly grown, in favor of better ones.
TO VISITORS
The Terraces are situated about eight miles southeast of Ukiah and
well toward the summit of the range of mountains which separate Men-
docino County from Lake County. The altitude of Ukiah is about 700 feet,
while that of The Terraces is 2,300.
The Terraces are natural, and are a succession of steplike slopes caused
by the deposition of lime and magnesia in a cafion. The longest step is
over eighty feet high, and a beautiful stream, rising in large springs at the
upper end of the highest terrace, jumps over them in charming cascades
and falls. The natural setting is both unique and charming, while the
distant view is very fine.
After leaving Ukiah the route leads past the Weare Asylum and on
across the valley until about four and a half miles from Ukiah it enters
the cahon of South Mill Creek, one of the most charming mountain streams
in Northern California. For two miles the road is built with ane grades.
Then it becomes much steeper, and soon leads to sinuous erades along the
mountain-sides, overlooking the distant valley.
It takes about two hours and a half, with moderately good horses and
a light rig, to go up from Ukiah, while half of that time is ample for
the return.
Safe horses and a light vehicle with good brakes should be secured at
Ukiah, and if the visitor is not a good driver, one should be secured.
The month of April ushers in the flowering season with Daffodils and
Dog’s-tooth Violets. Tulips soon follow, and are at their best in the early
forms by the 15th. Hyacinths follow, and in early May come the Star
Tulips and late-flowering Dutch Tulips.
In late May and early June the Mariposa Tulips are at their best, with
\ host of other bulbous plants. Early June brings early Lilies, while prob-
Abie the greatest Lily bloom is about the 20th. Lilies linger into early
July. After that time I have no fiowers to interest the visitor.
Tam not a grower of roses, carnations, or any other of the florist flowers,
but a bulb specialist, and all of my bulbs flower before July.
I am certain to get letters at Ukiah on Saturdays and Wednesdays.
Other trips from The Terraces to town are irregular.
A LIST OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS WHICH WILL THRIVE
IN HEAVY SOILS
In many parts of California, and especially around San Francisco bay,
the prevailing soil is a heavy clay or that sticky clay known as adobe, in
which a great many species of plants and ‘lb will not thrive. On this
account I believe that it will be helpful to my customers to have a list of
the bulbs which will thrive in such soils.
Brodiaeas. All of those in section 2 will thrive in the heaviest adobes,
even if very wet in the winter. B. Californica is the best for such a soil.
Nearly all Brodiaeas will do well in clays, and B. Laxa and B. Pedun-
cularis will thrive in the heaviest.
Posi Ce brs’! OF CALIZPORNILAN BULBS
B. Capitata alba also will do in adobes if well drained.
Globe Tulips. Calochortis albus and amabilis will do well in heavy
clays in shade if drainage is good.
Mariposa Tulips. Calochortus Vesta, a gloriously beautiful flower only
grows in sticky adobes in the wild state, and Calochortus venustus var.
purpurascens grows in like soils. C. Venustus var. oculatus and citrinus
thrive in clays which are quite wet at times in the winter, and C. splendens
rubra, which is the largest lilac Mariposa Tulip, comes from very sticky
red adobe but well drained.
Camassias. These are very fine plants and all of them will thrive in
soils where they are wet all of the winter, and in the heaviest of clays or
adobes. The forms of C. Leichtlinii are superb plants, two to four feet
high, with very fine flowers. All of them will hold their own against the
wild grasses.
Erythroniums or Dog’s-Tooth Violets. These must have some shade
and good drainage, but E. citrinum, FE. Californicum, E. Hendersonii and
all of the Revolutums will do well in heavy soils, even verging on the
adobes.
Fritillarias. I. Biflora, F. Liliacea and F. Pluriflora are native to the
heaviest and stickiest clays and adobes, but no other Fritillarias should
be planted in heavy soils.
Lilies. Few lilies will thrive in heavy soils. L. Humboldtii, if given
good drainage thrives wonderfully in some heavy clays or even adobes
and the variety Magnificum will do as well. No one must expect flowers
the first year from L. Humboldtii, although Magnificum is nearly sure to
bloom. Lilium Columbianum, too, will grow in quite heavy clays, and I
have seen it in clay so sticky that it could with difficulty be dug. Lilium
Pardalinum will thrive in quite heavy clays if well drained.
Trilliums. Both T. Sessile and Snow Queen grow well in heavy clays
which are quite wet in winter if well drained in midsummer.
Daffodils are among the best of bulbous plants for heavy soils, as they
prefer clay loams and in water will stand much water.
BRODIAEAS
This is a race of hardy bulbous
plants, native to the Western
Uinited States, andi es perc tail Vy,
adapted to woodland, hillsides, and
rockwork, and for naturalization.
When planted among ferns or low-
erowing plants, above which their
slender stems nod gracefully, they
are at their best.
The leaves are produced at their
base and are grass-like, the naked
flower-stalks are slender and grace-
ful, and are terminated by a head
or umbel of waxy flowers.
All are pretty, and some are very
fine indeed. The bulbs ripen hard,
and can be mailed to any part of
Brodiaea Candida the world.
PRILCw WLS wewt OF CA Ww Iie Oi NI AIN BW I ib S
CULTURE
Brodiaeas are moderately hardy in even the coldest parts of the United
States, and at the most would demand a covering of leaves.
They are especially fine for naturalization in open
slopes, and the rougher the better, and they are most happy in the rich
light soil in the crevices of rock or on rockwork where they can be planted
woods, on hill
very closely.
They should be planted in the fall not later than the last of October
in cold regions or by January Ist on the Pacific slope. Plant at a depth of
from two to two and a half inches, and two inches apart is ample.
While in California and the Northwest they are found in a great variety
of soils it will be found that excepting a few varieties which will be noted
a moderately light and well drained soil, either gritty, or a sandy or clay loam
will suit all. This treatment will give success, but where other soil is either
preferable or allowable I will so note.
SHAS WAKING 1
Candida. The flowers are large, of a very delicate light lilac, and are
very handsome. See halftone. Se each; 50c per dozen.
B. laxa. This pretty plant has a stout stem, bearing a loose umbel of
blue flowers—as many as 60 very lasting flowers. 2c each; 20c per dozen.
Bridgessii. Very fine, in reddish purple. 3c each; 25c per dozen.
Immense umbels as much as two feet across, with porce-
[It grows well in wet places, especially in light soils
3e each; 25c¢ per dozen.
Peduncularis.
lain white flowers.
along stream courses.
Lactea. Close umbels of white flowers banded green. Pretty; like a
small Star of Bethlehem. 2c each; 20c per dozen.
Ixioides, var. Splendens. A most charming plant with yellow flowers.
3c each; 25c per dozen.
SHECWUOIN| I
All of these will thrive in heavy soils even in sticky adobe.
Californica. The largest of the section. Stems one to two feet high with
large, pinkish, purple flowers.
Flowers in loose umbels and of a thick waxy texture. Very lasting.
Grandiflora. Large, deep purple flowers. 2c each; 20¢ per dozen.
Stellaris. A beautiful dwarfish plant, with bright purple flowers with
white centers. SE Cacelng Axe joer alleovaciny,
Terrestris. In this the stems rise hardly above the ground and form a
cluster of pale purple flowers. 3c each; 25c per dozen.
SECTION III—CALIFORNIA HYACINTHS
Capitata. Violet flowers in close heads on slender stems, two feet or
more in height. A gritty soil, rich in leaf mold, best suits them.
3c each; 25c¢ per dozen.
SECTION! IAW
B. coccinea (The Floral Firecracker). A wonderfully striking plant,
with tubular flowers from one to one and one-half inches long, pendent
in umbels, crimson, tipped with pea-green. The name is most apt. Among
ferns or on rockwork the effect of a mass is very fine. The Floral Fire-
cracker delights in a loose, well-drained soil, in a shady place, and with
some leaf mold. se each; 50c per dozen.
6
CALOCHORTUS CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA
In California, the native state of most of them, it is the easiest possible
thing to grow them well. And Californians, of all others, should cultivate
the Butterfly Tulips, at once so beautiful and our own special pride.
Let the bed be slightly raised to give the perfect drainage, which is the
first requisite to success. If it slopes slightly to the south it is better.
The bed should be filled to the depth of about ten inches with a light,
loose soil. Do not use one in which there is manure—sandy loam suits the
larger number of them. To keep the soil loose and porous, any loose
material, such as small gravel and grit, spent tanbark, or pounded charcoal
well mixed in, is a great help.
November is the best month in which to plant, but in California Calo-
chorti can be put in the ground as late as February and make a good
growth.
Plant about 2 to 3 inches deep, and as far apart each way. A little shade
is a good thing.
Only water when plainly needed, and after they have flowered dry off
completely, and leave alone until fall. The first rains will start them into
fresh growth and they do not need to be reset.
CULTURE IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES
Keeping the essentials that I have mentioned in view, the following
from “Garden and Forest,’ of July 7, 1897, written by J. R. Gerard, a
successful amateur of Elizabeth, New Jersey, will give valuable cultural
hints: “It is probable that many who have ventured to grow them have
been disappointed in results, for the cultural directions of the catalogs
are usually more or less incorrect. They often recommend cultivation in
frames or other conditions which deter most growers from attempting
their cultivation. My experience with all the species is that they are not
tender nor at all difficult to flower in this latitude in the ordinary garden
border. Calochorti grow naturally in regions rainless in summer and
where dormant plants waken into growth in the fall under the influence
of moisture, but not necessarily of a high temperature. They are hardy
here without protection, but must be classed with those bulbs whose foliage
will not always endure the rigor of our winter. The successful growths
of such bulbs require that after being thoroughly ripened in the early
summer they shall be kept perfectly dormant so late in the year that no
foliage can appear above the ground until early in the ensuing spring.
The simplest and safest procedure is to lift the bulbs after ripening foliage
indicates dormancy, and store them in dry earth in a warm dry place,
and plant out when the ground has lost its warmth, which in this locality
is in November. Under such treatment they grow and flower well here
even in soil too hard to work in dry weather, and with no other attention
than that already suggested. Of course one does not plant bulbs in
manured soil or soil rich in humus, which will hold water and ferment to
their injury.”
CULTURE IN ENGLAND
A successful grower writes in London “Garden”: “A large raised
bed, formed in November, and sloping to the south, was composed of leaf
mold and road grit in equal parts, with a similar portion of sharp sand.
The bulbs were planted three inches deep, and the whole bed was covered
with reeds to throw off the heavy rains and keep the soil open. Many
young growths appeared early in January, and by the end of February
nearly all were showing above ground. The reeds were then removed.
In my opinion a good many failures to grow Calochorti may be attributed
IPE On 15, LILES | MO) ah Co IL; IA OVP IRN IE SANT N= IB} Baal =)
to late planting. The main points in the culture of Calochorti are early
planting, a light, porus soil, sunny position, protection from heavy winter
rains (but not coddling), plenty of water whilst in full growth, and thorough
ripening of the bulbs in August, either by taking them up or placing
lights over them.”
CULTURE ELSEW HERE
It will be noted that the conditions essential to success are much
the same everywhere, taking climatic peculiarities into account. in Aus-
tralasia exactly the treatment recommended for California should be given,
but there they would be used for spring planting. In Central Europe
as in the Eastern United States, and in the South as in California, only
seeing that they are thoroughly dried off after flowering and lie dormant
until the proper season for growth.
Calochorti in Pots. While they cannot be forced much they can be
grown in pots fairly well as follows: Use a sandy or loamy soil with good
drainage. Plant 1% to 2 inches apart, which will give six to twelve to a six-
inch pot. Moisten the soil and put the pot in a dark place, a cellar preferred,
for about six weeks to let them root. Then bring into a warm, sunny place
and water moderately. After flowering, let them ripen well and then dry off
and leave perfectly dry until fall.
The Globe and Star Tulips will do fairly under this treatment and fair
success may be had with the Venustus forms. Of other Californian bulbs,
Erythroniums and Brodiaeas, of the first section, can also be grown nicely in
pots, giving the Brodiaeas full sun and the Erythroniums a cool, shady place
in window.
Calochorti in Cold Frames. Give exactly the same soil as for culture in
England. After ripening, keep the sashes on and keep beds perfectly dry
until October.
Hardiness of Calochorti. Read carefully what Mr. Gerard has to say
on preceding page, and in which I fully concur. It is the mild winter in
which danger lies in the East. Many of my customers have fine success in
the open in the East, while others fail. Miss U., living on the Hudson, writes
August 26th: “I have again had splendid success with my Californian bulbs
and have flowered every one. I have planted on the first of November in
rather sandy soil. Vhe bed is well drained in quite a sheltered spot. It gets
full sun until about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Before the ground freezes
hard I have given it a cover of about three inches of dried leaves. These
have been removed in the spring when danger of heavy frost is over. I have
found it a good plan to have a few leaves around the shoots for a while and
to keep some extra leaves at hand to add at night when frost threatens.
In this way I have succeeded most delightfully with the Venustus varieties
and the Globe Tulips and Gunnissoniu. My bed of Erythroniums was a per-
fect success.”
Mr. B., who has a summer home in New Hampshire, writes: “I forgot
to say that the Calochorti that I planted in New Hampshire did remarkably
well.” These C. Nuttallii and C. Nitidus had no extra care.
A lady writing in full in “Garden Magazine” of September, 1907, says
that C. Amabilis and C. Maweannus Major planted in early November, 1905,
and mulched had done well for two years without resetting, and that C.
Amabilis had improved. The article mentioned gives valuable cultural
hints regarding many Californian bulbs.
A well known Eastern landscape gardener writes to me, saying that
C. Nuttall naturalizes readily in Central Pennsylvania and only suffers from
rabbits which are very fond of its leaves. As varieties of C. Nuttallii are
wild as far East as Wyoming this is to be expected.
I have no doubt that the following species can by mulching be made to
naturalize perfectly in open woodland in the East, wherever the soil is light
and well drained. All of the Globe and Star Tulips, C. Nuttallii, C. Nitidus,
C. Howellii, C. Gunnissonii, and C. Leichtlinii.
CALOCHORTUS—DIVISION ONE
SECTION I—GLOBE TULIPS
Globe Tulips have a single, long, glossy leaf, slender and very graceful
stems, and many flowers. The blossoms are globular in form, pendent
like bells, and of the most exquisite silky texture. The plants as a whole
are the perfection of grace, and while scarcely brilliant are beautiful. They
are natives of the woodland, delighting in a loose soil, with some mold and
light shade. They do wonderfully well when planted in the crevices of
rocks in a little leaf mold. Indeed, the finest I have ever seen are in such
situations. There are no more charming subjects for naturalization than
these woodland beauties.
Albus (Fairy Bell—Lantern of
the Fairies—White Globe Tulip).
This most charming plant has
stout, many-flowered stems, often
a foot high. The large pendent
blossoms are perfect globes, pure
pearly white, an inch in diameter,
edged with silky hairs.
3¢e each; 25ce per dozen.
© Albus (Dhe Pearl). WDhis is
the form common in the Northern
Coast Ranges, and while lower in
growth than the other, has a finer
flower. In shape it is a large,
pendent globe, well inarched, and
of the most exquisite texture.
3e each 25¢ per dozen
Amoenus. An _ exquisite rose
pink flower, otherwise like Albus.
Se each; 50c per dozen.
Amabilis (Longe known as Pul-
chellus). The flowers of this
splendid sort are golden yellow in
color, numerous, and of the same
shape as the paper pin-wheels with
which children play.
3c each; 25c per dozen.
Pulchellus. A most exquisite
flower with the habit of Albus The
Pearl, but light lemon in color.
10c each; $1.00 per dozen.
SECTION II—STAR TULIPS
With the exception of the last
these are slender-stemmed grace-
ful little plants, bearing from three
to six cup-shaped flowers, of very
delicate finish. Like the Globe
Tulips, they are woodland plants,
and well adapted to rockeries and
naturalizing in woods.
Benthamii. Bright yellow. The
dainty cup lined with silky hairs.
3e each; 25¢ per dozen.
CALOCHORTUS ALBUS—Fancy Bell
Lilacinus. Native of heavy soils in wet meadows and very hardy and
prolific. The numerous lilac or purple flowers borne on long stems, and not
hairy within. I can highly recommend it. 3c each; 25c per dozen.
Maweanus major (Cat-ears). The lovely white flowers are filled with
silky blue hairs. I offer only an extra strong strain, which approximates
the Giant Star Tulips in size. 3c each; 25ce per dozen.
Purd yii. This is a very fine, tall variety which grows throughout
Western Oregon. The stems grow to over a foot in height with erect cup
shaped flowers which are white and heavily lined with long silky hairs. It
is one of the most likely to succeed in colder and wetter climates.
5c each; 50c per dozen.
10
BUTTERFLY TULIPS
Calochortus Venustus Roseus (spotted at top) and C. Venustus El Dorado (See page 11.)
AMRIONS, MURS OVSyey URL JEIOP ID IM ENS IEE Se IP UNL IPXS)
(CALOCHORTUS VENUSTUS)
In this group of bulbous plants there is an elegance of form, with a
wonderful beauty of coloring, which justifies the enthusiastic praise that they
have received wherever known. Their exquisitely modeled flowers are
erect and cup-shaped like their cousins of Europe and Asia, but are smaller
and more graceful. The branches are slender and often many-flowered,
slender and erect. The brilliantly-colored flowers have eye-like spots on
each petal and sepal, and other delicate markings with dots, lines and hairs.
Only the orchid excels them in varied beauty. It is not to be wondered that
the Spanish called them “Butterflies,” for which their musical word is
Mariposa, for no flower could more perfectly imitate the markings on a
butterfly’s wings. The bulbs are small and can be mailed dry to all parts
of the world.
Venustus, var. Roseus. The petals are broad, creamy-white suffused
with pale lilac. A rose colored blotch is at the apex of the petal, a richly
marked eye in the middle, while the base is hairy and beautifully tinted.
The back of the petal is also richly colored with carmine. A most lovely
species. 5e each; 40c per dozen.
Var. Purpurascens. In this the flowers may be three inches in diameter,
creamy white inside for half way, but with purplish center and purple out-
side. They have no rose-colored blotch, but have the usual eye. It is a
strong grower, native to heavy soils, and is one of the best of all Calo-
chorti. Colored plate in “Garden” (London), 1895. 5c¢ each; 40c per doz.
THE EL DORADO STRAIN
The plants are vigorous in growth, and from 1 to 3 feet high and quite
floriferous. The flowers are large and the petals have a satiny luster which
is most captivating. The variety of colors is remarkable, and not exceeded
in any flower even under the hybridizer’s care. From white they are found
in all shades of lilac to deep purple, in all shades of reddish purple, pink,
and salmons, and in rich deep reds. The markings are so numerous and
variable as to be indescribable. Some few have a golden or red blotch
Gear the apex On the petall all have a rich eye vanioushy marked, and all
are beautifully marked and penciled about the base. They all grow together
and the mixed bulbs as offered give endless surprises. There is no better
investment for the flower-lover than a hundred or more. In addition to
general cultural directions, I would say that this strain especially likes
some shade and a very porous soil. Avoid heavy soils.
My Superb Mixed Bulbs. 3c each; 25c per dozen; $2.00 per 100.
OCULATUS STRAIN OF C. VENUSTUS
Venustus, var. Oculatus. These are among the very best Calochorti.
Sturdy stalks bear flowers sometimes four inches across. In color they
vary from white and cream through lilac to purple. The eye is large and
richly zoned, the pencilings about the base are very delicate, and the
flowers very attractive. 3c each; 25c per dozen; $2.00 per 100.
Var. Citrinus. This superb variety is like the last, but lemon-yellow,
with almost black eye. In England this is considered the finest of all Calo-
chorti. It is the largest seller of all with me.
3c each; 25c per dozen; $2.00 per 100.
Var Vesta. This may be considered a variety of C. venustus, but | think
it distinct. It is a species of my own, found in heavy clay soils, which
nearly all of the other species are so impatient of. As a grower, it is the
Wil
PRICE LIST OF CALIFORNIAN BU IL BS
best of all Calochorti, and will succeed in almost any ordinary soil. The
immense flowers are from three to five inches across, borne on long separ-
ate stalks, and numerous. Color white, suffused with lilac or rose-purple.
Center red, back of petal purple, beautifully oculated. I think it the best
of all Calochorti. Reports from Europe put it in the first rank. Supply
certain, Very large—l0c each; $1.00 per dozen.
Good—7e each; 60c per dozen.
CALOCHORTUS
VARIOUS SPECIES OF MARIPOSA TULIPS.
All of these are superb flowers
which differ from the True Butter-
fly Tulips in being destitute of eye-
like spots on the petals, and in
varying much less in markings.
Every one of these are beautiful,
while some of them are simply ex-
quisite in shadings.
Splendens (The Lilac Mariposa
Tulip). A tall, slender, many-
flowered plant with fine lilac
flowers of a deep reddish lilac
finely marked at base.
4c each; 40c¢ per dozen.
Splendens Var Rubra. This is a
tall species from Lake County, Cal-
ifornia, which bears large flowers
of an exquisitely beautiful, satiny
pink. It grows in a sticky adobe
and is more likely to prove hardy
than the first form.
6c each; 70c per dozen.
Kennedyii. The dazzling ver-
milion Mariposa of the deserts.
15c each; $1.50 per dozen.
Plummerae Var Rosea. Often
three or four feet high and much
branched, with great satiny pink
flowers which are covered on the
lower half of the inside with long,
silky, yellow hairs. It must be es-
pecially well drained and must have
a gritty or sandy soil.
10c each; $1.00 per dozen.
Of all of the Calochorti that I
have ever seen this is the most
beautiful. [t is not easily grown,
but worth much trouble.
Upper flower, Mariposa Tulip, El Dorado.
Lower flower, Lilac Mariposa (c. splendens) 15ce each; $1.50 per dozen.
Clavatus. The largest-flowered and the stoutest-stemmed of all of the
Mariposa Tulips. The blooms, which are shaped like a broad bowl, are
over four inches across, of a deep yellow, and the lower half covered by
stiff yellow hairs, each tipped with a translucent knob, which in the hight
looks like an icicle. The stem is very stout and zigzageed.
15c each; $1.50 per dozen.
PRkCw List OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS
Nuttallii, An exquisitely lovely, white-flowered plant, from the arid
portions of the Great Basin. In purity of color and daintiness of marking
it is notable. (See page 11.) sc each; 50c¢ per dozen.
Gunnissonii. The Colorado Mariposa Tulip. An exquisitely beautiful
species with white flowers banded with green hairs at base and often with
color markings. Very hardy. 6c each; 60c per dozen.
Leichtlinii. A subalpine form of the latter, growing to an altitude of
9,000 feet in the Sierra Nevadas; a slender plant with smoky white flowers,
prettily marked and quite pretty. It should be perfectly hardy in cold
regions. oc each; 50c¢ per dozen.
Macrocarpus. Unique in the shape of the flowers, which have long,
narrow-pointed petals of a pale silvery lilac, with bands of green down
the back. 6c each; 60c per dozen.
Catalinae. A superb thing in lilac, with almost black spot at base; re-
sembles the Butterfly Tulips. (See next page.) 10c each; $1.00 per dozen.
Nitidus. A most unique and lovely plant midway between the Mariposa
Tulips and the Star Tulips. It is a native of the Northwestern regions,
where it grows in cold, wet spots, and endures great cold. Strong grow-
ing, with from five to ten blossoms in an umbel. The flowers are large
and white, with an indigo blotch in the center of each petal. Covered
inside with silky hairs. 3¢ each; 25¢ per dozen:
CAMASSIAS
A class of hardy bulbous plants of sturdy growth, hardy in any
chmate, and succeeding best in moist, clayey soils. Many long, glossy
leaves grow from the base, much as in the hyacinth, while the tall, stout
stems produce a large number of handsome lily-like flowers in long
succession.
The Camassias are desirable for any ordinary garden, where they will
establish themselves and thrive for years without further care. To those
wishing plants to naturalize about ponds, in damp grassy spots, or by
stream sides, Camassias are invaluable. They are quite able to maintain
themselves among grasses and hedges; their fine flowers are peculiarly
fitting to such surroundings.
CULTURE IN THE EAST
Mr. F. W. Barclay in “Country Life in America,’ of November, 1903,
says: “I have tried C. Cusickii, C. esculenta, and C. Leichtlinii, (in
Pennsylvania), all of which are hardy and will continue to live and do well
in any good loam.”
In the same magazine, E. O. Orpet, a well-known Massachusetts gar-
dener, writes: “Camassias are easily treated here, and are most valuable
early summer bulbs. All three are easily cultivated in any soil except
where too much moisture is present.
Esculenta. A much finer strain than the ordinary ones sold by the
Dutch growers. Tall, a deep purple. 2c each; 15c per doz.; $1.00 per 100.
Leichtlinii. A strong-growing plant with large cream-colored flowers.
When well grown, a beautiful thing. I have had it four feet high with
120 flowers. Splendid for naturalization. 7c each; 60¢ per dozen.
Cusickii. This is a giant among Camassias, with great leaves and a
many-flowered stem, three or four feet high, with blue flowers.
10c each; $1.00 per dozen.
Superb Seedlings of Camassia Leichtlinii in either white and shades or
blue and purple. These are superb things and I have no better value to
offer to the Eastern grower. 7 cts. each; 60 cents per doz. for very large
bulbs. Do not fail to try them.
FRITILLARIAS
CULTURE
There are three distinct classes of Fritillarias in California. The first
includes F. Lanceolata, F. recurva and I*. coccinea and are woodland plants
growing in loose soils, rich in leaf mold and demanding perfect drain-
They are not regular bloomers, but expend their energies in a single
They are exceedingly graceful and the latter
age.
bloom and then rest a year.
two are very handsome.
GIANT DOG’S-TOOTH VIOLETS
Erythronium Californicum, represented in this fine half-tone, is of a rich creamy tint. Imagine
the beauty of thousands dotted among low ferns and wood plants. Good bulbs
for this purpose, $1.25 per 100; $10.00 per 1,000.
14
PRICE LISR OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS
F. pudica is a low growing plant, native to the semi-arid areas of the
west. It, too, demands loose soil and perfect drainage and thrives best in a
sandy loam.
The habit of F. Biflora is quite different. It is at its best in the coldest
and stickiest clays and without shade except of the grass. It is a steady
bloomer.
Coccinea. A very attractive species, with crimson flowers.
Se each; 50c per dozen.
Lanceolata. This is a tall, graceful plant, with greenish brown or
yellowish flowers mottled with brown. 6c each; 60c per dozen.
Lanceolata, var. Gracilis. A charming form of the later, with reddish
black flowers. 6c each; 60c per dozen.
Pudica. A most charming, very early, clear yellow-flowered, fragrant
sort, of high merit. Low-growing. Very fine. 6c each; 60c per dozen.
Recurva. The finest Fritillaria in the world. The tall stalk produces
as many as a dozen brilhantly clear scarlet flowers spotted with orange
in the throat. Fine bulbs. 5c each; 50c per dozen.
GIANT DOG’S-TOOTH VIOLETS
(Erythroniums)
If these most beautiful of Woodland Lilies had no other charm than
that of their two large glossy base leaves, they would be prime favorites
for woodlands, shady corners, and rockeries.
The slender stems gracefully bear nodding flowers shaped like a
Turk’s-cap Lily, and most daintily tinted in red, pink, white, cream, or
yellow, according to species.
They are perfectly hardy, with a protection of leaves in the winter,
and for naturalization in woodlands or on shaded rock, for the fern corner,
or any sheltered spot, are unrivaled.
It is in the regions where the springs are cloudy or foggy, as in
Oregon or England, that they are at their best. There, with their fitting
wood companions, the leaves carpeting the ground, and the flowers two
or three inches across, and borne on stems a foot or more high, they form
a beautiful sylvan picture.
CULTURE OF DOG’S-TOOTH VIOLETS
They are perfectly hardy, with a winter covering of leaves. These
lilies can be grown in clay, sandy loam, gravelly soil, or the most rocky
kind of soil possible.
The one essential is good drainage and light shades and shelter from
sharp winds. The very best success will be had in a soil rich with leaf mold.
The fern bed, rocky places, or cool woodland all suit them well.
“Our one great success with California bulbs is with the Western
Dog’s-tooth Violets,” writes E. O. Orpet from Massachusetts in “Country
Life in America.”
The Pacific Coast produces species far excelling others. In com-
parison with the others the names “Giganteum” and ‘Grandijlorum” are
most fitting.
Grandiflorum Var Robusta. This very attractive plant has light green
unmottled leaves and several flowers of the brightest buttercup yellow. -‘t
is very hardy and is easily grown. Its native soil is a light sandy loam and
it is early flowering. 4c each; 40c per dozen; $3.00 per 100.
Californicum. This which many know as giganteum 1s-one of the very
best. The cream-colored flowers are in racemes of from two to, even in
exceptionally fine plants, sixteen fine flowers. The leaves are very richly
mottled. It is exceptionally easy to grow and well growing, in masses of
from a hundred to thousands. 2c each; 20c per dozen; $2.00 per 100.
Prices on application for larger quantities.
DIS
PREIrCs Lis OF FC Atk (iy Oni NT ASN ee Uae Ss
Hartweggii. Each of the fine, light yellow flowers is borne on its
own slender stem, several in a sessile umbel. Very early and very hardy.
It will grow in drver soils than any other, and better resists heat. The
short heavy bulbs can be handled dry, and are as easily shipped as tulips,
in dry packing. 2c each; 20c per dozen; $2.00 per 100.
REVOLUTUM WATSONII
Erythronium. An exquisitely beautiful Giant Doz’s-Tooth Violet, white barredtreddish’ brown.
See page 18.
16
GIANT DOG’S TOOTH VIOLETS
E Hendersonii. A charming variety, purplish with nearly black center. See page 18.
ERYTHRONIUM HENDERSONII
GIANT DOG’S-TOOTH VIOLETS—Erythronium Revolutum, purplish
PRICE Lisr OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS
Hendersonii. With the beautifully mottled leaves of Giganteum, it
has a fine light purple flower with a very dark purple center, above which
is a zone of yellow. Lovely and striking. 4c¢ each; 35¢ per dozen.
THE REVOLUTUMS
These form a group with distinct habits and likings as to soils.
As a rule, the leaves are not so darkly mottled as in Giganteum. The
leaves are broader, the stems seldom have more than one flower, and are
very sturdy, a foot or two high. The broadly spreading flowers have more
substance. They grow naturally on the borders of woods in heavy clay
soils. I find them often growing most luxuriously in soils that are wet
all winter. At the same time they thrive in lighter and dryer soils. All
are simply superb as garden plants. The varieties are not the result of
selection, but each comes from a different locality, where it grows to the
exclusion of others.
Revolutum (Type). A grand species, white or tinged purple when
opening and turning darker with age. 4c each; 40c per dozen.
Johnsonii. A most exquisite rose-colored form. By some considered
the finest ever introduced. Se each; 50c per dozen.
Watsonii. The flowers are cream-colored with a greenish caste,
and often with a red band across the base. In cloudy weather the blos-
soms are broadly bell-shaped, but in the sunlight well recurved. A grand
form. 4c each; 40c per dozen.
MIXED ERYTHRONIUMS
Especially to accommodate those who wish cheaper bulbs to naturalize,
I have been putting up a mixture of medium-sized bulbs, which are sure
to give the very best satisfaction. 20c per dozen; $1.50 per 100.
CALIFORNIAN LILIES
In the number and beauty of its Lilies, California ranks next to Japan.
Our Humboldtiis are among the most stately of the world’s Lilies. None
excel our Washingtonianums in exquisite fragrance. Our Pardalinum is
the best of all that the world produces, in its adaptability to ordinary garden
conditions. Our Parryii, with its deliciously scented lemon-colored flowers,
would be placed by a large majority of the world’s growers among the two
or three most lovely of all known species.
My specialty is California Lilies, and in my Terrace Gardens is the
largest and most complete collection in the world. It is worth a long
journey to be there when the thousands upon thousands of plants are at
the height of their flowering season.
Californian Lilies can be well divided into four sections, according to
their affinities, and into two groups as to their culture.
CULTURE GROUP I.
The Liles of the Humboldtii and the Washingtonianum groups are
natives of cool slopes in mountainous regions, where they grow in forests
or where protected by a growth of shrubs. The soil is deep, perfectly
drained, composed of clay or a rich loam mixed with leaf soil and the
débris from broken-down rocks.
In cultivating these lilies we should take lessons from nature ;—
1. Situation of the lily bed. They should be planted where they are
protected from cold winds and the soil is not dried out by the direct
heat of the sun. On large grounds, the ideal location is a glade in the
woods, but the partial shade of deciduous trees, the shelter of rhododen-
drons or bamboos, or similar shrubs, or of tall-growing perennial plants,
18
PRLCeE Bksr OF CALIF OR NEAN BU BS
may give conditions quite suited to their culture. A protected nook on
the shady side of the house is best on small grounds, and ferns are con-
genial neighbors.
2. Drainage. This must be perfect. lf the ground is heavy and
clammy, underdrainage should be given, and the soil made lighter and
looser by the addition of humus and porous materials.
3. Soil. This should be a fairly good loam, mixed with humus and
sand. New manures are always to be avoided with Lilies.
4. Planting. They should be planted so that the top of the bulb
is not less than four inches from the surface; about each bulb put a layer
of an inch or so of sand which will carry away excessive moisture and
prevent fungous attacks.
5. Watering. Lilies should not be kept water-soaked, but should
have a moist surface during the growing season. They are better to be
kept rather dry after they have flowered.
Never move a lily bulb unless absolutely necessary.
My very best success with Lilies of this group has been in a very
loose gravelly soil rich with leaf mold and with water running above and
percolating under the roots.
CULTURE GROUP II
The second group into which I would divide Californian Liles as
to culture comprises all of the so-called Bog Lilies. The Pardalinum
and Parvum group are so classed.
These Lilies grow naturally along the banks of small living streams,
on the borders of lakes and ponds, in deep alpine meadows, on the
borders of or on raised hummocks in bogs. Their buibs are not so deep
as the others, and they are more dependent upon surface moisture
The soil in such places as I have mentioned is always rich in rotten leaves
and usually sandy; sometimes it is peat or pure humus. Low shrubs or
tall plants protect the surface from heat, while the tall stalks rise above
them into the sunlight. Be careful as to the following points:—
1. Drainage. The fact that they like moisture does not mean that
they like a water-soaked soil. Many failures with Bog Lilies are due to
this error. Better err in the direction of dryness. If the roots can go
down to moisture all the better, but don’t of all things put the bulb in
wet, gummy soil.
2. Soil. A light sandy loam mixed with leaf mold or peat is the best
possible.
3. Situation. My description of the natural habitat will suggest the
best location where large and varied grounds give a choice. On the margin
of a pond or brook, planted a foot or so above the water level, in moist
meadow-like expanses in sheltered places, or damp openings in woods.
These are ideal locations for all of these Lilies.
In small grounds a hydrant can be so arranged as to give a constant
drip; the fern corner is good, and the rhododendron bed is perfectly
adapted. Pardalinum will grow Soiernchally where good potatoes can be
produced if the ground is a little shaded.
During 1906 a careful test was made at the Missouri Botanical Garden,
in which all of the Western Lilies, and also the native Eastern sorts, were
planted in a well-prepared and carefully drained bed. Of twenty-three
Western species, seventeen flowered the first year, while five gave no bloom.
Of the Eastern sorts, none flowered. Among the Californians, Pardalinum
var. Fragrans, Roezlii, Burbanks Humboldtit Pardaltum and Humboldtii
Magnificum did best. while the forms of Washingtonianum were poorest.
I understand that no extra protection was given, so this is a fair test of
hardiness.
19
PRIChw wUisr OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS
A lady in “Garden Magazine” for September, 1907, writes: “Although
only one of my three bulbs of the Leopard Bog Lily (L. Pardalinum),
planted in the fall of 1905, bore flowers this season, nine stalks appeared
from three bulbs, three of which were in flower about the middle of July.”
A customer from Akron, Ohio, writes that Lilium Humboldtii Mag-
nificum did finely there without protection.
Mr. E. V. Hallock, one of the largest bulb growers in America in his
time, in an address before the Society of American Florists this August,
says: “Lilium Pardalinum from California is a good keeping, free and
sure flowering lily. Ninety-five per cent of the bulbs should bloom. Lilium
Parryii from California is a very handsome yellow variety, and is not diffi-
cult to bloom.” Mr. Hallock does not think well of Humboldtii and Wash-
ingtonianum for the East, and I cannot recommend the type Washing-
tomianum which [I will not sell on account of their poor growing and keeping
qualities.
On the other hand, Lilium Washingtonianum pur pureum is a good
grower and keeper, and Lihum Humboldtii Magnificum cannot be excelled.
Lilium Sulphureum. A magnificent lily native of Himalayas. O tall
stem with immense long spreading trumpet, which is white with cr amy
throat. Very fragrant. There is no grander lily known. It likes well
drained, porous soil and enough water to keep the surface moist during its
growth. Very fine bulbs $1.00.
LILIUM HUMBOLDTII
AND ALLIED SPECIES
Humboldtii. A grand Lily, growing as tall as ten feet, but usually four
or five feet high, with very stout stem and many large orange-red flowers,
spotted with small maroon spots.
Immense, 9 inches and upwards in diameter. (See illustration page 21.)
40c each; $4.00 per dozen.
Very large, 8 to 9 inches in diameter. 30c each; $3.00 per dozen.
Fine, 7 to 8 inches in diameter. 20c each; $2.00 per dozen.
Var. Magnificum.
A
A
Q
w
<
iy
fe)
a
A
q
x
a
ca
fe)
an
=
me
fe)
cd
n
i
y
S
vo
i
HK
a
16)
c
ae
)
=)
n
o
mM
o
s
ica
BURBANK’S HYBRID LILIES
During a period extending over a number of years Luther Burbank,
who is now recognized as the greatest improver of plants the world has
ever known, crossed and hybridized Liles.
In the course of his experiments, thirty or forty of the world’s Lilies
were used, and hundreds of thousands of plants grown from the seed and
flowered. No experiment in the improvement of Lilies can be mentioned
in the same breath, either when the number of individuals grown in the
effort or the results produced are considered. At the conclusion of his
work he had perhaps a hundred plants which had been selected from a
vast number of the very best. One of these, a cross between Pardalinum
and Washingtonianum, a good Lily, but by no means the best, was intro-
duced and with his consent called L. Burbanku. The others were turned
over to me to be put in my Lyons Valley garden (where conditions were
ideal for their culture), to be further selected from, and the very best
propagated. In their new home they have done well, but the process of
scale propagation is a slow one, and it will be several years before some
of the magnificent species which were represented by a single bulb will be
grown in sufficient quantity to offer to the world.
I am able to offer to the world on joint account of Mr. Burbank and
myself three fine varieties, either of which is a grand acquisition.
1. Hybrids of Pardalinum and Humboldtii. Of these there are fifty
forms which I will sell in mixture. All share in the vigor of Pardalinum
as a grower and the very strong
habit of Humboldtii. All are
splendid flower in shades of orange
and crimson and dotted maroon.
The bulbs are rhizomatous, very
large and heavy, and the stalks
grow from five to seven feet high.
They are truly grand Lilies.
50c each.
2. A selected hybrid of Pardali-
num on Parvum. It is a tall, strong
Lily, with very many bell-shaped
rich red flowers which face hori-
zontally and give a very brilliant
appearance. It is an excellent
grower. 75c each.
3. L. Pardalinum (Red Giant).
Mr. Burbank’s records were not
perfect as to the parentage of all
of the hybrids. This is unquestion-
ably of hybrid origin, but its par-
entage is not traceable. The stems
are very heavy and leafy and of
medium height. The immense
broadly spreading flowers are
orange at center with a broad ex-
One of Burbank’s Hybrids. panse of the deepest crimson. A
most striking novelty. 75¢ each.
There are still to come a set of fragrant Pardalinum Parryii hybrids
with yellow and lemon-colored flowers as large as a Harrissii, and lovely
beyond any known species.
26
PRICRH LIST OF CALIFORNIAN BULBS
NATIVE LILIES OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES
I can offer superior bulbs of the best lihes of this class. They are all
from the Allegheny mountains and will thrive under the culture recom-
mended for the second group of Californians.
L. Canadense. The Eastern Meadow Lily. I have the form with yellow
pendent flowers, heavily spotted with brown. 15c each; $1.50 per dozen.
L. Superbum. The Eastern Bog Lily. Perianth yellow, tipped red and
heavily spotted brown. Growing to 5 or 6 feet in height and, at its best,
a grand lily. 1 do not find it nearly as good a grower as L. Pardalinum.
15c each; $1.50 per dozen.
L. Grayii. An erect plant, two or three feet high with fine, dark red,
bell-shaped flowers. 25c each; $2.50 per dozen.
TRILLIUMS
Trilliums are attractive plants, closely related to the true Lily. They
can be divided into two classes: The Grandiflorum class are from wood-
lands, and grow in a cool, damp soil, rich in mold. The Sessile class are
natives of much heavier soils. Usually they are to be found growing on
the margins of streams, ponds or bogs. They are extremely hardy, thrifty,
and the best are very satisfactory plants to grow in any cool, shaded corner
of the ordinary garden, where they flower very early and last a long time,
and are altogether easy growers.
For naturalization the Sessiles, on the borders of streams, ponds, or
bogs, are among the very best plants known.
SESSILE FORMS
Sessile, var. Californicum. A grand plant. Pure white with purplish
tinge at center. Very strong growing. 5c each; 50c per dozen.
Var. Snow Queen. The best of all. With the large habit of the Cali-
fornicum, petals broad, pure white tinged cream, and with creamy center.
The finest of bog Trilliums. 5c each; 50c per dozen.
AMERICAN COWSLIPS
(DODECATHEONS)
These dainty plants are among the most charming wild flowers of
California. With our fall rains they begin to grow, and the first mild days
in the early spring bring their sweet blossoms. They ripen early with us
and in the summer the spider-like roots become so dry that they break
at the touch, but a little moisture quickly starts them into life again. All
are beautiful, and California gives a charming variety in color and habit.
There is a bog-growing form in the high mountains (Jeffreyii) which I
do not handle.
Either as pot plants for forcing, or in the garden, they are easily grown
and pleasing. Any ordinary garden soil will do, although they thrive best
in a sheltered (not necessarily shaded) situation, in loose, well-drained soil
in which there is a mixture of rotted leaves.
Clevelandii. One of the best. Tall-growing, with fine flowers, pure
white, or delicately suffused with pink. I cannot supply the pure white
variety separately. 4c each; 40c per dozen.
Hendersonii. The best red species. Patulum yellow.
3c each; 25c per dozen.
ine)
N
LADY SLIPPERS (CYPRIPEDIUMS)
Montanum.