w the eye ^ e,Xc.ePt hi a blackish patch on each side in front of the eye. The region
e§8 are blackish rahms, and the upper lip is whitish. The exterior surface of the
a°c light-bro ' 1 some rufous, and very short white tips to the hairs, the interior sur-
eet are rnuch^11- "^e ^a*lvs below the feet and the tarsi are dull brown. The soles of the
!'far the base < ?p)eic<^ hair as in V. flavescens. The ears are black outside except
*le eDd of + -,e. the tail is pale grey at the base, then tawny with black tips.
In tile aii 18 white.
^aside of the t>reserving the skin, nearly all the hair has been removed from the
V
sho
flavcscens all * f])Ut 0n.e smah tuft, which is black, remains in the middle of one ear. In
m°w that the small i° ba*r *ns^e the ears is pale isabelline. This difference tends to
l0U ('ver, to o.iye a ( ar^ s^hi may belong to a distinct and undescribed species. It is useless,
p The foxes of^y^10 a s^T1^ e hnpcrfect specimen.
Corsac. estem Turkestan, according to Severtzoff, are C. vulpes, C: melanotus, and
Gscens be a n,Q«„er ° n('*ther of these has been found in Eastern Turkestan, unless C. Jla-
mere
variety of C. vulpes.
!aee h'omU^blf to refer this skin
1 flat skin
(without skull
Family— 1/ USTEIlDvE.
17. Meies, sp. nov.
or feet) purchased at Kashghar.
Vvhite
im ]\p
tdzus, Jf
to any known species. It differs in the colouration of the
li , J tUark down tl * • Canescens>2 leucura,3 and M. leptorhynchus ,* in all of wlrich the
a 1 Portion of the f ° m'l^e °t the face extends to the nape, whereas in the Kashghar skin the
1 J. ^ g ^ ^ aTiriir^+:l\r it\ fvnnl nf IIia aqtq Tt, rlifFpvc: fvnm ~M fin.flhllWAt'
AI
terminates abruptly in front of the ears. It differs from M. anahma5
• Alst Blai“f'’ Astern P P’ 278-
:i 2k.J S-> 1877 n o-1)" A" t’t HI. The distinction of this species from M. taxus is shown to be doubtful by
ea levcura, 4l'
’ Siiln’j.l8,69, P‘ 126. ° SS’’ J' A' S' B-> 1847, xvi, p. 763, PI. XXIX, XXX, XXXI : Meies Imcurus, Gray, Cat. Carn. &c.
d JaP°n., Mam., p. 30, PI. VI.
1 i-
« g ., Fauna- r, P°lU' S6rvir h 1,Histoire Xaturelle des Mammiferes, p. 190, PI. XXV.
26 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
in being mncli greyer, whilst from M. Mogulari,' it may he at once distinguished W
wantin’ the white throat. Another form found in Eastern Tibet has been described 1
A Milne-Edwards under the name of Males obscurusf hut it belongs to the gen1 2*
suh-genus Arctonyx, and the general colouration of this genus diverges considerably V
that of the typical badgers. ini, , ,, orna]lef
Judging from the size of the Kashghar skm, improbably belonged to a rather sinft*
animal than M. taxus, and the fur is apparently rather softer. The colour is very simR» ’
the hairs on the back being about 2* inches long, white at the base, with a brownish tuV
towards the extremity ; near the end they are black for about half an inch the point be j
white, tail hairs the same, but rather longer, (about 3 inches at the end of the tail,) and *
the black ring and white tips more developed ; the middle of the forehead and nose bw*»
white; the brownish-black marks on each side from the nose, enclosing the eyes and «■ ,
meet on the forehead rather in front of the ears, which are white antenorly black ben
and inside; cheeks white, with a slight brownish tinge ; lower parts and limbs black, e#>r
the inside of the thigh, which appears to have been white. Only the skm of the upper p
of the hind limbs has been preserved. , ,
Length of skin, 3 feet 2 inches, of which the tail measures 8-6 inches, and the hair at
end of the tail 3 inches. .
In Western Turkestan, according to Severtzoff, Meles taxus is found.
18. MARTES LEUCOLACHNiEA, sp. nOV.,
or Maries foina, var. leucolaclmcea.
M./Dinul J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Pait 2, p. 106.
Sausar, Turki of Yarkand.
M. magnitudme coloreque ad M. foinam proximo accedens, sed vellere multo
lanugine albescente, distinguenda.
1, skin, without skull, purchased at Yarkand.
the
This skin is dark sepia-brown in colour, the feet and tail being nearly black. On
throat and breast is a large white patch in the form of an irregular horse-shoe, the convex
directed forward, and each of the lateral extremities extending back beneath the fore a^y
The belly is of the same colour as the back. The face is a little paler, being rather ea1 1 ^
brown, palest on the cheeks ; the chin the same colour as the head. The ears have s
white hairs along the margin, and longer greyish brown hairs inside. Whiskers black. ^
The fur is very fine and soft, consisting of long glossy dark brown piles, nearly 2 ^
long in the middle of the back, and fine woolly under-fur, nearly white, but with a very ‘ ^
ashy tinge, and rather more than an inch in length: the whitish colour shows disti^r ^
throughout the body through the rather sparse longer hairs. The hair on the tail is blac
and very long
The SOles Ui me icei axe jjnjiujijjtuiy wvcicu trim >=>■“'"•“ "“v.v *
the toes, and a larger naked tri-lobed pad on the anterior part of the sole. There is also a s
very rung. _ fO
The soles of the feet are principally covered with short hair, but there are naked Pa ij
1 Blyth, J. A. S. B., xxii, 1853, p. 590.
2 Reekerckes Mam., p. 338, PI. LXIL
MAMMALIA.
27
Vakeel p^d n
The pac{s 1 16 Posterior portion of the fore feet (palma), only seen on turning up the hair.
The leiv>tpn°Un^eC^ ^ sbort blackish hah*; the claws are white.
°f tail; tail 19 1 S^n (doubtless somewhat stretched) is 18 inches from nose to insertion
the tail- proper"^ ° en<^ ^ie longest hairs, which project 3^ inches beyond the end of
Eastern. TiTlf S^n, d°ubtless from the same species of marten, has since been brought from
long, an(j tj^es an by Dr. Scully, and presented to the Indian Museum. The fur is not so
Aspects tin e ^^Aur is not quite so white, being very pale ashy grey, but in all essential
the skull tail ** a^r.ees w^th that procured by Dr. Stoliczka, and it has the advantage that
horn Saril- T bmb-bones are left in the skin. On the label this specimen is marked
That it wnc.?,lant'' ^lere can be little, if any, doubt that the animal had been kept in captivity.
fro
That it uas " Uim De nttie, u any, ciouot tnat tne animal naci neon a
Weight an 1 Erocured alive, or freshly killed, by Dr. Scully, is shown by his having recorded the
u is np i • . — — The skull is not quite adult, and has been somewliat injured, hut
inches, tail lVa ** m)t Ciuite, full grown. The dimensions marked on the label are : — length 28
which 21- c • ^be skin measures now from nose to insertion of tail 18 inches, tail 11, of
T inches1 °! ^airs beyond the end ; hind foot and tarsus from heel (a little contracted)
There a ° is recorded as 1 lb 10| oz.
merchant a so_sevei'al marten skins in the Indian Museum, purchased from a Cahul
0r blackish 7 ° ^ tkoy came from Bokhara. These skins have the same dark sepia-brown
bestan skins™^ C°lour’ white throat, glossy piles, and soft whitish under-fur as the Tur-
ibat taken fr' ^ marten skull from Afghanistan, in the same collection, much resembles
Sor|aewhat Skin brougbt by Dr. Scully. The form of the zygomata is, however,
was assioncq1S^ k)r‘ Stoliczka’s collections, published in 1875, this Yarkand marten-skin
'bat animal fop^ doubts, to M. foina, the European beech-marten
Peter
Come is that tl 7~“ toh uuiamcu uy iiicxnuiaii museum. me euueiuaiuu
Hith Jf foinc, ‘1G ^arbarid skins represent a different but nearly allied form. They agree
*Ur in the AsH'1*1 kaving a white throat, and there is but little difference in colour, but the
nearly White a l.C form is longer, softer, and more glossy, and the under-fur much paler, being
b beautv an ,°a<^ °'' brownish-grey. The fur of one of the Yarkand skins is almost equal
. Th^:frst0that'>*‘b-ble.
‘ T- abietum , he' ^ ^eucokic]m(pa approaches that of M. foina in type, and differs from that of
above, qq’. much broader than the latter, with a wider muzzle and less rounded outline
(“u'b side is putr«maixen^ Pre-molars are not fully grown, and the third upper pre-molar on
nU)r° than tho^^ aPPearblg through the jaw. The hinder molars resemble those of M. foina
11 ' abietum is dictum . Blasius1 points out that the third upper pre-molar in
Margin eqnais £°ncave outside ; that the length of the fourth or flesh-tooth along the external
mai'gbi of the H ^ransverSG diameter of the hindermost or tubercular molar, and the outer
( onvex externall 1 ^ *S attenuate and not incurved ; whereas in M. foina the third tooth is
rriUl»in of the hf i^16 *en^b of the fourth exceeds the breadth of the fifth, and the outer
i c ttl0sT tooth is incurved and bi-lobed2 ( eingebuchtet , zweiklappig). In the
'^•1 p. 17 ’ Outsell],, p_ 212 c , . . , . , .
Jt' ' !5ee also, on the distinctions between M. abietum and M. foina, Hensel, Wiegmann s Arcniv,
f°atth t he 0nly skulls 0{
^le fifth upper ,u 'f' apd M. foina (one of each) that I have at present for comparison, the proportion of the
ar is as stated by Blasius. The other distinctions are less characteristic, and probably vary somewhat.
s5 and
I had then no skin of
comparison. I have since received both a skin and a skeleton from Dr.
,° er sb'n bas been obtained by the Indian Museum. The conclusion to which
28
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
skull from Eastern Turkestan the length of the flesh-tooth exceeds the breadth of the kindei
molar, hut the latter is scarcely concave on its outer edge ; and in its general form, especially
in its inner portion considerably exceeding the outer portion in antero-posterior diameter, d
approaches M. dbietvm .
The following are the dimensions of this skull (a). As the animal is not quite 'mature*
the length of the adult skull would be rather more : —
(a)
(b)
(‘)
(d)
%
Inches.
Inches.
Inches.
Inches.
Length from occipital plane to end of premaxillaries
3-15
3-2
3-3
3-15
Breadth across hinder part of zygomatic arches
1-85
1-05
2-05
1-82
,, behind post-orbital processes ....
0-82
0-71
0-77
0-75
„ of brain-pan at pos teriortermination of zygomatic
processes of squamosals .....
1-45
1-47
1-45
1-39
Length of upper flesh-tooth along outer edge
0-37
0-36
0-38
0-34
Breadth of upper hinder molar .....
0-32
0-33
0-32
0-31
Length of mandible from angle to symphysis .
1-95
2-05
2-15
1-93
Height of ditto ........
0-85
0-88
0-9
0-9
It should be repeated that this is the skull of an animal that has in
all probability bee11
kept in confinement. Some of the bones are injured, the injuries having apparently been
produced during life.
The measurements marked ( b ) are those of the skull from Cabul already mentioned'
The teeth resemble those in the Turkestan skull. To the measurement (c) I shall reved
presently. Those under (cl) are of a European skull of M. foina.
The differences from 31. foina have been already pointed out, but there are two Asinl,c
martens to which the present form is allied, and it is as well to show why it does not appe£l1
to belong to either. Both, it should be premised, have been very imperfectly described.
The first, to which I was for some time inclined to refer this animal, is 31. toufa\ the only imo1K'('],,l:ens sa^d to be intermediate in character between 11. abietum and 11.
^ntioiis some skii ° ^aracter specified, however, is the colour of the throat. Severtzoff
perhaps, have I * IO'Vn t° him as “Kashgar sable,” with peculiarly fine fur, and these
s? ave been darke - same as the Eastern Turkestan species ; but the underfur is said
r^°rteP, in 1 lan ln M estern Turkestan skins of 11. abietum and M. foina, and the tail
Urkestan obtained ?acdn^ ^he sable. In neither character do the specimens from Eastern
10 Indian Musem '' ^1S‘ ^toliczka and Scully, nor the supposed Bokhara (or Cabul) skins in
A1 together r U a^ree wdfi Severtzoff ’s descrip tic
^lstmguispa- ler -
^ SU(
tn^socl as mther on convenience than facts. The present form can be either
tions.
-yy. ^guisbable fronTl °n^ conc^ude that the marten of Eastern Turkestan is a race just
( ®ther such fori ^'d°ina, and that M. intermedia and 11. toufeea are probably other races,
fiction, depend1'1118 S^0tdd I1® considered specifically distinct or merely varieties is a difficult
,, asS(xl as tartest / b lather on convenience than facts. The present form can be either
tia martons> like th a Sub-Species or race of 11. foina , or as M. foina var. Probably
a 'A This i« a K <,;ds’ coniprise a large number of incipient species, imperfectly differen-
j Accordino- f0 per^Z0^ s v^ew aho.
miudes p adas, M. foina is only found in the extreme west of Siberia, but Severtzoff
lna’f so that the ^esIem Turkestan, and Pore David obtained it in Northern
sol 1 ^ a ya,riety in Eastern Turkestan is highly probable,
or dle hazaar of sa^d by T)r. Leith Adams 4 to be brought from Afghanistan, and
• • intermedin ^ , UlA' ar 5 but it is not improbable that pale skins of 31. leucolachncea
in a i , ' ‘"^uia mav lm i x “ “ — v w- —
azaar may be l ' ' e . en fbken for those of the pine-marten, and specimens bought
1 'Aland by nn from a great distance, so that the purchase of these skins in Ladak
and Yd
°uost the Chin »c m< !mS Prove fbat they inhabit the country. 11. abietum is not recorded
mese mammals by Pi*e David.
^0(1gson, J.
A‘ S' 1842, XI, p. 281.
19. MaBTES TOTJFiEA ?
1’ 2 skin’
At first I ' *^10Ut Stills, and one without feet) purchased at Leh.
^ ^ ^ puioucvocu ul xivri,
the y01' ’ BUt there ^ B°Sed 1° consider these two skins merely specimens of the last, killed in
left b^ Cd fhe presentC°nS^,era^e ddl®rence in fbe fur, both in colouration and texture, and
short,!!1'1 ^ Ver7 small U m?GC^e8 Bave fb° s°lcs more completely covered with hair, the pads
r.n atld much less 0-1 16 Colour is much paler, although the underfur is darker, the fur i
thrown,)0 ^eri°ral colour and ^*6 white of the throat more extended.
( & '°ut the body tb'S l al *'er bab‘ sepia-brown with a greyish tinge (almost earthy-brown)
s ^ ark Jev., pp ’ le Und®rfur towards the ends being the same colour as the longer piles,
< p. 87. Ann-
0r° Hazara, bmce tllH '
Nonv.7^vAs,-’ '• P- 87. Ann‘ Mag' Nat Hist-> 1876, Ser. 4, Vol. xviii, p. 46.
Nit
the above was iu print, I have received a skin of M. leaculachncea from Major St. John. This
H
30
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
and pale ashy grey elsewhere. Eace the same colour as the hack ; ears with short whi e
hairs round their margins, brown outside, brownish white within ; feet and tail dark sepia
brown, the hair on the latter longer than on the hack ; soles of feet hairy, except on
the
small pads. Whole throat and breast, with the chin and upper lip close to the gape, wbi^’
except two or three brown spots in the middle of the throat ; fur very soft, the longer hairs 111
the middle of the back nearly 1-| inches long ; woolly underfur about !-§- inches in leng^1'
In the stretched skin the head and body measure about 15 to 18 inches, tail 9 ; hairs at end 3f »
total 30 inches.
Mention was made in the preceding notes on Martes leucolaclmwa of a specimen
Sikkim (and probably brought from Tibet) that agreed somewhat in colouration with
description of M. tonfcea. This skin resembles that from Leh so closely that, so far as specif
of martens can be determined by the skin alone, I have but little hesitation in consider#1?
both the same ; both have the same amount of white on the breast,, extending to 1
fore legs in one direction, and to the chin in the other, or much further than in M. leucolM 1
ncea ; but this character is very probably variable.
The skull of this Eastern Tibetan specimen is imperfect, only the anterior porta0*1
having been preserved in the skin. This part, however, despite a considerable resenabl#°c<
to that of the other skulls from Central Asia noticed under M. leucolachncea, is dista#
guished by being considerably smaller in size with much smaller teeth. The teeth and t ^
sutures show the animal to have been adult, and even aged. The breadth across
of
zygomatic arches is 1'8 inches, and behind the post-orbital processes 0-7. The length
the penultimate upper molar or flesli-tooth is 0'31, and the breadth of the last or tub ere#
molar 03. The nearest approach in form is made by the skull from Western Tibet,1
measurements of which are given under (c.) on p. 28 and both have the same characterise0
convexity of the frontal region between the orbits, so that it is possible that the differen°eS
in size, both of the skull and teeth, may be sexual. The colouration of the skins is, hoAveO1’
widely different.
20. Mustela stoliczkana. PI. I a, fig 3, and PI. II b.
W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1877, xlvi, Part 2, p. 260.
A (/ha Mahan, Turki of Yarkand.
Mustela ad M. vulgarem proxime accedens, sed valde major , superne fusco~arettMia’
subtus albida, cauda longiore, quartern partem totius longiiudinis subeequante , cum d°' S°:
aoncolore ; labris ambobus genisque inferioribus albis, macula utrinque post angulam
fulva, alterdque ante oculvm utrumque alba, palmis plantisque confertim pilis indutis.
tota cum cauda 12'2, caudce, pilis inclusis, 3, cranii 1'8, pedis posterioris a calcaneo J-
poll. Angl.
1, dried skin purchased at Yarkand.
Colour pale sandy-brown above, the hairs rather paler and whitish at the base, Y^1^
below. Eur short, dense and soft. Tail throughout the same colour as the back. The1'0
a small white spot close to the anterior angle of each eye, and a rather larger sandy-ta1’01'
spot a little behind the gape in the lower part of the cheeks, which are white to with#1 ^
short distance below tlve eye. Upper whiskers dark brown towards the base, and of
MAMMALIA.
31
the
'v'hitish at tluj1 T ^eat^' Tore feet white, mixed with pale brown above, hind feet only
even they are °i ^ ’ S0^es ^le feet thickly clad, only the toe-pads being naked, and
longth of the liead^ai concealed by the long hair. Tail nearly cylindrical, about one-third the
ticket, was measured by Dr. Scully when the animal was fresh, and noted on the
^eluding the l °S’ ^le titil, of which the vertebrae are preserved, now measures 3 inches
tithes long Vtl '^t ^ ^le en(T or 2-3 without it. The hindfoot and tarsus are 1*4
tiv Scull-^p.. +1 0lli ^le c^aws- f' ur on the hack about 03 inches long. The weight marked by
'tie occipital crest tinperfect behind, the occipital plane having been cut away ; but as
cranium show n 1Clnaills’ khe total length can he measured with close approximation. The
tile sagittal ci^ t • 6 Stiec™en f° have been just adult, the dentition being perfect, although
GS ls only rudimentary. The following are the dimensions : — •
Length
3tl
across zygomatic arches
breadth of ^ ^ariProximate) from occipital plane to alveolar :
Ditto
am -case across parietal region
a ^easei which 1° 1CC^011S brought by Dr. Stoliczka from Eastern Turkestan was the skin
Ppeared chiefiv t lau been kept in confinement. Judging from the skin alone, the animal
;a^ kow far no ,°„ tiler from the common European weasel in colour, and it was difficult to
tence was due to the circumstances under which the individual had been
TV ^
W°tWDCl P0st'0rbital processes
Length suture hetween nasal bones
, . on? pslate from anterior alveolar ma
Posterior nares
. ....
breadth <• 'ainasslal tooth along outer edge
S-Stl 1 "b"C"h" Odndep) molar 1 .
Length of 1 T Cornrnon wo-iTi mosf Parf preserved, appears to he proportionally longer than
5 label.
I, . spceimf>n otner inter!
^l,f in size5 l)ej|](i. "°10 carefully with M. vulgaris, I found that it differed, not only in colour,
vow ^ s,l°ivs tliat,V!nUf'!1 laroei' animal. The length measured on the fresh carcase by Dr.
in °f which . U' Yarkand weasel is nearly as large as an ermine, whilst the tail, the
on w • x,iv> Pt. 2, pp. 106, 123.
Xvi;^V01 tz°®> Turk. Jev., pp. 61, 81; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., July, 1876, Ser. 4, Vol.
4 1} l3, nec Jacquemont.
2 extl'eniitate^> ■ ^0rso nHP'o lavato, capite antice fulvescenti-cano , maculo fusco ad
slgnato, ventre interdum leviter ferruginescente, cauda tertiam partem
'■ p , •*' Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., July 1876, Ser. 4, Vol. xviii, p. 43.
• "iitth. Erg. hft., No. 53, p. 3 : From Kulja, &c., p. 38.
34-
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
corporis capitisque cequante, fulva, nigro breviter terminatd ; pills elongatis corporis oninib11*
ad basin fuscis. Long, a rostro ad basin caudce circiter 18 ( in corio dessiccato), caud(e
vertebrarum 6,palmce 2, plant ce fere 8, crami 3‘7 poll.
1, 2, 3, skins ; 4, 5, skulls, Kaskasu pass, 13,000 feet high, on the road from Kashghar to Sarikol and t1
Pamir.
General colour tawny to rich brownish yellow, the dorsal portion conspicuously tinge^
with black from all the hairs having black tips, but these are far more conspicuous in son1*
specimens (? males) than in others ; face grey to blackish with a rufous tinge, covered urith
black and whitish hairs mixed, about half an inch long on the forehead. The black haU's
on the face are more prevalent in those specimens (perhaps males) which have the blacked
backs ; the middle of the forehead is, in some cases, more fulvous. On the end of the n°SL
is a blackish-brown patch, and there is a narrow band of black hairs with a few white mise^
round the lips ; the sides of the nose are paler ; whiskers black. Hans of the back lj to Is
inches long, much mixed with woolly fibres, dark slaty at the extreme base for about \ io^1’
then pale straw colour, becoming deeper golden-yellow towards the extremity, the end bla^'
In the blackest specimens the black tips are wanting on the posterior portion of the back-
Tail yellow, the same colour as the rump, except the tip, which is black for a length vavyin-t
from an inch to about 2\ inches (in 3 specimens out of 4 it does not exceed an inch)
hairs of the tail about 2 inches long, brown at the base. Lower parts rather browner
sometimes with a rufous wash, the hairs shorter and thinner, chocolate brown at the bas< ’
without the short woolly underfur, which is very thick on the back. Eeet above yello"^'1
tawny like the sides.
The lengths measured on the dried skins are —
Nose to insertion of tail
Tail
Hairs at the end .....
Tore-foot (palma) measured to the end of the toes, but not
including the claws
Middle toe without claw measured below
Claw measured above ....
Hind- foot (planta) similarly measured .
Mid toe without claw ....
Claw .......
This is a much smaller species than A. caudatus
1 6| to 18| inches.
14 to 13
1 2 "" -*''2
5 to
21
0-8
0-6
2-9
0-8
0-52
the tail is rather shorter in pro port*011’
and is paler in colour, with less black at the end. The animal is also distinguished by
tbe
absence of the ferruginous tinge on the legs, and the underparts generally are muck
rufous. It is a very different species from A. himalayanus (A. bobac of several auth()l's '
being smaller, much more yellow and less grey in colour, with a longer tail.
Of all the Himalayan species it agrees best with A. hemachalanus, Hodgson, but t
latter is a yet smaller form with shorter tail, shorter hair, and different in colour, bei11^
described as “ dark-grey with a full rufous tinge, which is rusty and almost ochreous re^
on the sides of the head, ears, and limbs.” Now A. aureus cannot be called dark-grey,
in the specimens obtained the ferruginous tint is confined to the abdomen. The skin and ske ^
ton of a marmot from Sikkim in the old Asiatic Society’s collection ( C, Ca, of the list in Bly^
catalogue) belong, I believe, to A. hemachalanus. The skull differs widely from that
aureus, being smaller and much shorter in proportion to its length, besides numerous uu'l()
MAMMALIA.
35
differences. The l •
Sorter. Some 0th m *°° .^®ers much in colour, being far greyer, and the tail is considerably
lving animal in ^ sPe^rtlens bave since been obtained in Calcutta, and I have seen a
lne> and 4, that I j captivity at Darjiling. Singularly enough, out of 6 specimens known to
lnent. gtill as a/l^ ° hersonahy examined, not one was wild, — all had been kept in confine-
WeU marked and di A ^ C^araC^erS’ ^here °an 110 9,uesti°ii that the species is
^iilenaetres,2 and it hran^ ^ & VC1A much smaller animal, the skull measuring only 43
tile body. 1 la'S a s^ort tail like A. liimalayanus, not more than a quarter the length
Hie skull of A
nearly than any f , ^Ureus> though very much smaller, approaches that of A. caudatus more
< v,!r> is nearly 16 °^ier Himalayan marmots. The zygomatic arch in the latter, how-
* '1 thT P-f!!"1 Captain T»tter that A
n,ooo
Metre.
•094
•057
•017
•038
•0165
•0105
•020
•066
•035
Inches.
3-7
2-25
0- 65
1- 5
0- 64
■ 0-42
0-82
2- 6
1- 4
! ' " 1 Dto Part i i v , iiULCer mat A. aureus was seen abundantly on the return journey
.o’0°0 to 13 qoo f,° y ai'kand in May about the Kaskasu and Torat passes, at an elevation of
01110 out of that \ V outward journey towards the end of March, none had yet
Tim • . r holes.
I^cies> and the y wiih A. caudatus by Severtzoff can,
i Gn ‘yellow war,eij ew characters given agree withal, aureus
% of tlm!lthfille black, Ion
th.
I think, scarcely be that
^j-vcii vviuji ja., mu Gins* ^.TIig cHiiiTL9/l is said to have
nos , - —ger hair, the head was darker acd blackish.” Length from
i p 6 0 Hie root of the tail 14 inches 2 lines, tail 8 inches 5 lines. This is
*>'». I\°2 a di8sfrtation on th . .•
l875, ggj, 'J1' I have there 'T* 168 noimnot inhabiting the Himalaya, Tibet, and adjoining regions, see J. A. S. B., 1875, vol.
Ef. Sdater ’ Vo1 • xvi. p. 283 th , S °Wn.1‘^111 independently of A. aureus, and of A. dichrous (Anderson, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., October,
1 'v°uld „!jas 8*nc® Pointed fii* , “ S110C*6S inhabit the Himalayas or Tibet, viz., A. caudatus, A. liimalayanus, and A. hemachalanus.
11''s Woujjj^ ,V reta'n A. hem °l) >° UU' tPat two laRi names are, in fact, identical, and that consequently one must be changed.
and alter A. liimalayanus, as was proposed by Hodgson himself, to A iibetensis ; hut I fear
b'hsh Mi . name •E tibetan S] ° uomencioture, as A. liimalayanus was the name first given, and moreover it would lead to confu-
llo 'n ,LT"dc‘r illese circumstances, I see no other resource than to propose a new name for A. liemacha-
Called after its discoverer.
l?7U* J' A- S' R-. 1843, xii, p. 410.
“ 4. jJj ' A • S. B.. iu ,„ -y, Cat. Mam. P.IrW -NTr,™!
The synonymy would then stand thus :
A. HODGSONl.
Mam. Birds Nepal, p. 24(1816); 2nd edition, p. 12, (1863), nee A. tibetensis, Hodgs.
Cat. Mam. Mus. As. Soc., p. 108 (1863), nee Schveher.
on, Mai
p. 312.
Awards. Reeh.1 M^,rdon;^'lra- Ind" P- 183 (1867). W. Blanf., J. A. S. B„ 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 122.
36
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
caudatus. The locality whence Severtzoff’s only specimen, since l°s
south of the Aulje-ata, in the mountain chains between TallaS ^
far too small for A
was procured, was
Chirchik.” This is north of Khokand and about 350 miles north-west of the Kaskasu f
which again is at least 200 miles north of any place known to be inhabited by A .
ccui'
cU .
by a few other differences. This skull may perhaps have belonged to an adult of A. die'11
the typical specimens of which are immature, but it is impossible to determine this ^ ^
nasal bones arc similar, but the skull of A. dichrous appears longer in proportion
breadth, besides being very much smaller, although all the molars are through the jaW-
27. Abctomys himalayantts. Pis. XII, Xlla.
Hodgson, J. A. S. B., 1841, x, p. 777. — W. Blanford, J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, p. 121.
A. himalayanns, potius tibetensis, Hodgs., J. A. S. B., 1843, xii, p. 409.
“A. bobac, Sclireb./’ partim, Cray, List Spec. Mam. Coll. B. M., 1843, p. 148. — Horsfiel
Mam. I. H. Mus., p. 164 (1851). — Blyth, Cat. Mam. Mns. As. Soc., p. 108 (1863)
Mam. Ind., p. 181 (1867). — Anderson, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 560. — nec Sckreber.
A. tataricus, Jameson/ L’Instit. 1847, xv., p. 384.
-Jen
■A. tibetanus, Hodgson,” Fitzinger, Sitzb. k. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 1867, lv, i,p. 49L-
A
P. Z. S., 1858, p. 521.
robustus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., vii, Bulletin, p. 02, ^
Recbercbes Mamm., i, p. 309, PI. XL VII, XLIX, fig. 2.
“ ? A. baibacinus, Brandt/'’ Severtzoff, Turk. Jev., p. 61, nec Brandt, teste Severtzoff, J. Y
1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 126; Ann. Mag. N. H., July, 1876, Ser. 4, xviii, p. 50, note.
g?0)'
s.
Of this marmot no specimens were procured by Dr. Stoliczka during his last eX¥ea^0l
but I have examined the three brought from the San] u pass in the Kuenlun range, so11 ^
Yarkand, by Dr. Henderson, and described by Dr. Anderson in the Proceedings 0 /
Zoological Society, l. c. So far as I am able to judge, I quite concur with Dr. Andei'b ^
assigning them to the species originally described by Hodgson from Tibet, and wl:v
referred by Gray, Blyth, Anderson, aud other writers, to A. bobac. It is, however, a
larger species than the Bobac. ,.M
I have already entered into the confused synonymy of this Himalayan and , ^
marmot in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (/. c.), and need not recap1 ^
further than to point out that the species is probably the A. tartaricus of JameS°^j-jlP1’
description of which I have been unable to consult, and the A. robustus of M1
Edwards from Eastern Tibet. The latter species, as figured in the “ Reclierches, ac
1 l)1'
1 Anderson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., October, 1875, Ser. 4, xvi, p. 283. ^
- One of the specimens referred by Mr. Blyth to Arctomys bobac in his Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum
Society, No. 348 E, p. 109.
3 This reference is quoted from Wiegman’s “ Archiv," no copy of the work named being available.
MAMMALIA.
37
1 w>. * more dark-coloured, but in a footnote attention is called to the fact that the plate lias
over-coloured by the draftsman.
mens q; '< k*n(kaess Mr. Mandelli of Darjiling, I have been enabled to examine speci-
al no ' _lUHalay(inus from the portion of Tibet north of Sikkim. As this locality is
Hod'«fr^a ^skance from Northern Nepal or the adjoining districts in Tibet, whence Mr.
probvrn8 WGre derived> ^ may fairly be inferred that Mr. MandeUi’s specimens in all
°t Sarf * *V lesi:mkki those originally described. The skins differ but little from those
trifling U ' ^ arc a tittle greyer in tint and darker in the face, but the distinction is
m(,;is;-;Llul dimensions appear similar. The skull of one of Mr. Mandelli’s specimens
p0rtion°t ^ ^iiimetres in length by 67 in breadth, and is consequently broader in pro-
'vliid X. ’ ^ length than the Sanju skull, of which the measurements are given below, and
shorter*8 **SUre(* on Xlla. The former is also rather less high, and the nasal bones are
differ//1*1^ morc convcx. The skull of A. robuatm again, as figured in the “ Recherches,”
.lI1(| . r°ni the Siinju specimen in having a narrower frontal region and somewhat narrower
cmui;;0^ nasals. It is probable that a larger series of these animals would show other
distinctions, for marmots live under the most favorable conditions for producing
'ti^tan n°nt Vaiaet*cs ’» each colony or group of families being isolated, and frequently at a
ever ] ,llany miles from the next colony, so that the two, in all probability, rarely, if
all tjl(>!|10wl with each other. I am disposed to think that it is most convenient to consider
sll()1't- tailed Tibetan and Kuenlun marmots as varieties of the same species,
an elovr t ’ found a marmot in the eastern mountains of Russian Turkestan above
from ^jltlon «* 4,000 feet, and at first identified the species with the A. baibacinus of Brandt
Turkcsf10 ^ ^d, but subsequently, in conversation with Mr. Dresser, suggested that the
no spoof’1 f0nU niiSllt be A- robust us of Milne Edwards. This opinion requires confirmation,
of /ff1( ,1S having been compared so far as I know, but should it prove correct, the range
In (A. robustus) must extend to the Thian Shan or its branches,
the f(,|.(,:i|. ' nyitudinis 8itb(ene8Cen^^U^VU8 isabellinus, cauda fulvd, quartern partem iotius
e^da ctylig, unquQ ° ^ exce^,en,^e> euribus rotundatis mediocribus, sparsim pilosis, palmis
‘wlario ultimo via '.^°^car^ pcirvo obtuso, dentibus molariis similibus Us A. mandarini,
n e anteriore ni i ■j'n Pos^ce magis producto, angulo interno postico ejusdem acutiore ,
"U('(e p^o — ^*35 ‘ , 1 )U. ant*ce angulo fortiore interno munito. Long, sine caudd 4 — 4'5,
x 2 5 CUl}di 2, aims 0‘4, plantce 0'8 poll.
' on nS °ne sPee*men in spirit) Tankse, 13,000 feet ; 4, 5, (one skin and one specimen in spirit) Lukong
1 fegPQ^ ^ * ankong lake ; 6 (skin) unlabelled.
J'iss of literature '• ho confer a new name upon this vole. I have gone through a
it, TlS ^uioniys -M Arvicola, in the hopes of finding grounds for maintaining the
>0, as I believe' ' l^ • no^ think it can be upheld for the reasons given beneath, and if
j . 1 wifi fiVSf- ’ * entical with Arvicola, the name leucurns is forestalled.
then procee^U e a somewhat fuller description of this species and its dentition, and
in s Pl!rieral colour | ^ le 9uestion of its general relations.
whit ^ an<* ^ther varM^ .^e^ovvrish-brown, below pale-isabelline (brownish- white). The fur
}la] j. 0t c°at) fi is abcMt rf jength; in two specimens (which are apparently acquiring the
third Qn *Qch long anq *nch long on the middle of the back; in two others it is nearly
in tw tIle length 0C +? ter ’ tBe hasal portion throughout, amounting to more tlian two-
aCture; the tins ** f Up^.er sui’tacc> and about one-half on the lower, dark-slaty, uniform
. st black tt, J hinds — the finer isabelline. the coarser and longer dark-brown.
°Ut/ihinly °lad witl01 ^ai * the head the same colour as the back, ears round, of moderate
p *1( (!- Lpper e'hrown (isabelline) hairs inside, more thickly and with longer hairs
Utv^ ri*K)Vc the saipp'f GfS (tai'k-bromi, lower whitish, the longest nearly an inch in length.
sZrt.tr. as the abdomen ; soles naked ; claws compressed, horn-coloured ;
^l)1 C°Vered witix Ji Urn*shed with a blunt compressed claw. Tail cylindrical, distinctly
t( '• Stoliezpa tight-brown hair, nearly the same colour as that of the lower parts,
outer f|tS *e,n§th is 4 -n } *S I10tes gives the following dimensions and particulars.
Uedng. u0K(1 au^ ^he tail 1-35; ears round, very sparsely hairy inside; iris black, with an
O nose black- 7 1 'at) ’ ears
of fpe _ ’ soles pale, fleshy brown/
P ciruens in spirit (the two are of precisely the same size) measures : —
bo. ^ ^uight line from nose to insertion of tail
tt . of tail
Weight of
Breudth°ofeJrttfor0m0rifiCe
bo.
B«ngth of ^°re't°°t and claws
tarsus, hind-foot and claws
1 J- A. S. B. s
xxxiv, 1865, p
Inches.
3-7
1-1
0-33
0-37
0-45
0-82
111.
If the genus be retained, it should be written Phaiomys.
40
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
These measurements would of course be for the most part rather more in fresh sp
mens.
The following are the dimensions of a skull : —
Metre. Inches.
Length from occipital plane to end of premaxillaries .
. -026
1-03
Breadth across zygomatic arches ....
. -017
067
Do. between orbits ......
. -004
0-15
Length of nasal bones ......
. -008
0-3
Breadth of ditto in front
. -0035
0-13
Length of upper molars taken together
. -007
0-28
Distance from incisors to upper molars
. -0095
0-38
Length of lower jaw from condyle to symphysis
. -019
0-75
The nasal bones are suddenly constricted at rather less than half their
length from
front ; thence they continue nearly the same width to the posterior extremity, where they aI
rounded. The incisors are orange in front, the upper pair sometimes with a very shall01*
groove down the middle. The anterior molar in the upper jaw consists of live prismatic 1°^’
and has three salient angles inside and three outside ; the second consists of four lobes '"'l !
two angles inside and three outside ; the third of four lobes, the last being irregularly shape'
and turned round at the end so as almost to form a fifth, and with three salient angles*
hindmost less prominent, inside, and three outside. In the lower jaw the anterior molar h
four salient angles externally, five internally. The second tooth consisting of five prisms haS
three angles on each side, the third tooth consists of three lobes, and has three project^011
inside and two very small on the outside. ,
On one of the labels it is stated that this species lives in holes in grassy places a®
fields. Stoliczka in his diary mentions finding it in the range north of Kashmir as well ilS
on the Pankong lake. Mr. Theobald’s original specimens were from tbe Tso-moriri,1 betWeel1
Spiti and the Pankong lake, and he noticed its abundance on the shores of the lake where l'1
frequently found that its holes “ were ranged in a long line against a bank, and usually c'v
tended so far, that all attempts to capture an animal by digging or flooding the holes with
proved fruitless.” He adds : “ After infinite trouble, however, I managed to dig out an
ach1*
female, which on examination I found to contain six young ones, the size of liorse-bea11 j
three in each horn of the uterus. The total length of this specimen was 615 inches* 0
which the head was P3, and the tail 1-25 inches. I subsequently got several more, m°s •
half grown, by watching near their holes with a gun.”
Of the types procured by Mr. Theobald, one, in spirit, was presented to the Asi£l
Society’s Museum. This, after some search, has been refound by Mr. Theobald himself* aI1 ’
although the label had been lost, satisfactorily and unmistakably identified. Tbe specie1^'1’
although considerably smaller than the female mentioned above, proves to be an adult ma
It is precisely similar to the specimens brought by Dr. Stoliczka from the Pankong lake-
Dr. Stolickza, too, in his account (J. A. S. B., 1865, xxxiv, p. 110,) of the haffofll^e
which he identified with L. curzon 'ue,1 mentions this species as inhabiting the borders of ,
Tso-moriri with the Lcigomys and an Arctomys 3. He says that the Arvicola (P/m«’ow ^
never frequents a great elevation above the bottom of the valleys, and is especially nuD101,
ous in the neighbourhood of streams. He adds that it is found in Spiti and Lahoul* aJl
even in Kulu.
1 Tso, lake iu Tibetan, sometimes written Cho, but I believe incorrectly.
2 L. ladacensis. q. v.
3 Probably A. caudatws, Jacquemont, q. v.
MAMMALIA.
41
:)ri,V remark si & n°'V ^le fluestion. of nomenclature, it may be as well, before making
PiiaiomYS) nolk ]^5 ,i- Lbl'cuim c nd k densely cIad with short adpressed hairs. Upper rodent tusks inconspicuously grooved.
er speeimAn 1 i'"’ *' Length of a female containing six foetus 64 inch, of which tail f inch p of a
y »** dam, x - T Of Which
le '°wer pjijig sf ‘ Lur dense, very sof
Ears , 5 an(l tail white, a little
_ i - -- tail 1 1 inch, of hind-foot claws (sic, probably a misprint for kind
r dense, very soft, and fine; the surface fine greyisli-brown on the upper parts;
Jill’s fonU(] ] „ ;u white, a little sullied; basal two-thirds or more of the upper fur dark slaty.
It iS) fj ” !nuran,dti> f°r instance, having, according to Milne-Edwards,13
*4' ni(X'tAarihu^u lnrier sMe of the last upper molars, in addition to those found in A. obscurus >
J* a wide kn0w]M man^ °^lcr species ; secondly, that careful and well-informed observers,
’ le thumb a cha • 7 ^ °*' ^le Senus> have not considered the presence or absence of a claw on
Un.d tastlyj tbat 17° fr .ol sufhcient importance to justify its being used for generic distinction ;
llch have it welM 1S an admost complete gradation from species wanting the claw to those
... tlut if ' ( V(''0ped, through forms in which it is more or less rudimentary.
langed, as tbere^6 ^ eucurus be relegated to the genus Arvicola, the name must be
ij,vj ls an leucurus of Gerbe,16 described from the Alps of Provence in
and the tairn'o-3, misPrint for li T, , ,, .
2 Cl- 1 “°- 1 ‘ AneobaM gives as the measurement of the total length 6T6 inches, of which the head was 1'30,
■i T.res’P.220.
i T,b" P- 234
s ’ P- 244
6 P* 248
7 U ’ P- 256.
- P" 253.
H^-Ikiaen s.
th« d aPud Midf|tn T*L 0st-SiWn, i, p. 199, PI. VII, fig. 3.
1®, nak i- .............
ls A --U ' frfiasii 2o(i„rany.S lew" 'n %uns 3 representing the skeleton. The original description of the species is in the
igen im Amur-Lande, i, p. 129.
Add,
109, PI. XI, figs. 1 — 5. Although the presence of the claw is not mentioned
* **• z;
' ‘'lam.. „ to, ’• “bm. p. 129, PI. XiJ, XIII
rare book.
•*Ul, ’» P. 131 J j * ’ ^ AJLU.
This ci xsxvii, p ,(.'^Ve unPortunately been unable to consult a paper by Blasius on Arvicola , in the Munch,
the Sf„, ldracter, I In,lv °’ as the volume is deficient in the only set in Calcutta, that belonging to the Asiatic Society.
on
Pro,
length ”TOl’ A may note ~ vo^umc' >s deficient in the only set in Calcutta, that belonging to the Asiatic Society,
in , ,°f which Hod appears quite as important as the presence of an additional ridge on the anterior upper molars.
0**t 4«,
:ha
ngi
the
0l'ly aPfeei V ; 8aid to diffe7m^‘|\Saz;ne Natural History for 1849, Ser. 2, Vol. Ill, p, *203, hut it was not described, and
11 5 Rev, (jetI7)0r^atlce> and the ^VlC0^a m ctwaotor of iho molars. The genus Neodon appears founded on characters of
OiereW * ,'^llUals and ,f’aon s genus Neodon has been established (Jerdon, Mammals, p. 216). The genus was originally
. .. y *aid to Am - ■“ aSazill« nf tt, .i. ...... .... o... a tt.i ttt n/,,, , , .. . ... .1.
Hod
do 7 uv'“> anQ w ^liaxuuLtJi ox xne moiars. me genus
°°i'. iv, p. 20o ■ Pe> -N- sikkimemis, is, I think, a true Arvicola.
L
42 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
1852. According to Blasins 1 A. leucurus, Gerbe, is identical with A. nivalis, Martin8’
(Hypudceus alpinus, Wagner), so that those naturalists who do not consider that a
need he altered if the same specific term, given previously, does not stand, may veto®
Blyth’s name for the present species. At the same time it is objectionable, for this v°
cannot rightly he said to have a white tail.
There is another species recently described by Severtzoif as A. leucura* from 'Wester
Turkestan ; the name of this form, if really distinct, will also, I think, require alteration. %
In general colouration and characters, length of tail and form of teeth, A. blythi _
very near A. manclarinm 3 from Chinese Mongolia ; but differs in its much larger ears* 111
the tail not being so dark above, and slightly in the shape of the teeth. In A. mandat
the posterior portion of the last upper molar is shewn to be less developed, and the hi*1 2 3
most inner salient angle much blunter; the anterior inner angle of the first tooth in *
lower jaw is also less developed, and all the prisms of that tooth broader and thicker. ^
The solitary skin referred to Arvicola roylei in the Asiatic Society’s Museum has bet^
mislaid, and its identification, if it came from Bind Dadun Khan,4 is very doubtful;
the species was described originally 5 6 as rufous-grey above and grey beneath ; and Jcido'1
calls it ashy-brown above, pale brownish-ashy below. The second and third lower
are said to have three equal folds on each side ;7 8 9 10 whilst the hindmost upper molar *
described as elongate, narrow, with three slight folds on each side and an elongate o
behind. I have an Arvicola from Murree agreeing with the description of A. roylei ^
external characters ; but the posterior upper molar has but two folds on each side.
however, there may be an error in the original description, I am not sure that the sPeCl^
is really distinct. A species of Arvicola has been described by A. Milne-Edwards fr°
Eastern Tibet under the name of A. melano, g aster ,8 Another species is Neodon silckknen31^
the genus Neodon, as was pointed out in a note to a preceding page, being founded up
characters of no generic value. This species, though attributed to Hodgson, was neV f
described by him ; the genus was announced, but without any definite characters beUV
pointed out, by Horsfield,9 audit appears to have been first definitely described in Jerd«n
Mammals of India.10
30. Arvicola stoliczkanus. PI. VIII, Eig 1; PI. Xb, Eig 2.
W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 107.
A. supra Icete fusco-rufescens, sive sordide ferruginous, subtus albus ; vellere
longiusculo, ad basin schistaceo, palmis tetradactylis, plantis pentadactylis nudis bred ^
tarsis subtus pills indutis, auriculis parvis e vellere hand emergentibus, rotundatis , c(lt
1 Arcliiv. f. Naturgesch. 1856, Pt. 1, p. 261.
2 Turk. Jev. p. 82 ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, Vol. xviii, p. 52.
3 A. Milne-Edwards, Reckerehes Mamm., i., p. 129, PI. XII, XIII.
4 Birth, Cat. Mam. Mus. As. Soc. p. 125.
5 Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1842, x, p. 265.
6 Mam., p. 216.
1 Gray, 1. c.
8 Rech. Mamm., p. 284, PI. XLIV, XL VI a.
9 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, iii, p. 203.
10 p. 216.
MAMMALIA. 43
dente niolur;0 ^ ^US ^onffdudinis subcequante, pills fit l v eseen ti-albi d is setosis instruct# ;
Postice, ex tiis 'nuj'xi ^ari ultimo angusto, intus angulis duobus fortioribus antice, nullis
^ong. a rostro / 7 parvu^s> duobus antice, ceteris postice, spatio interveniente, munito.
niargia jn's.’Comf) c^y concealed by the fur, with rather short bright rufous hair near
0 hie fore-f00q ? a. covei’ed outside with longer and paler hair. Eeet small, the thumb
|)0in.teds bnt much11 riu^m0Qtary an(l clawlcss ; remaining claws long, compressed, sharply
, 4 soles na% , Concea^e(l hy the long white hairs, which coyer the upper part of the
apparently about * aiSus hairy below, a few hairs between the pads of the toes. Tail short,
am? ^ white ha quarter the length of the body and head together, covered with stiff
11(1 hikon — . .air’ which extends about half an inch beyond the end.. The dimensions
I' > uut much e i 17 5 &
()t ; soles aa]. i °ncea^e(^ hy the long white hairs, which cover the upper part of the
apparently about * aiSus hairy below, a few hairs between the pads of the toes. Tail short,
am??^ white ha quarter the length of the body and head together, covered with stiff
a — the anterior pair very small and blunt ; the second has three
hi"dcr md®ost is n_. .
extremitv no^ shewn 0n g ty.
or at the loft ha 1 6 n^nre’ ^ b, fig. 2, as it is scarcely seen on the crown of the tooth ; it is at the inner
ai1 0Wer termination of the figure, and is blunter than the angle just in front of it.
44
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
sharp angles on each side ; the third also has three on each side, but those on the outer
are weaker. . a
In colouration this species resembles JL. russatus, Radde,1 hut that is smaller, m
proportionally longer tail, which is rusty red above, pale ochraceous below, and the teeth
very different, resembling those of A. nMinduvinus^ A. Isucuvtt, Severtzoff, from M est
Turkestan, is very differently coloured ; it is described as being asby ; the name must,
already observed, be changed, as it is preoccupied.
I find no details as to Arvicola stoliezkanus in Stoliczka’s notes. He merely menu® .
finding a new JPhaiomys, — evidently this species,— at Aktagh. The specimen from the Nub1
valley rvas collected by Dr. Bellew.
31. CniCETUS (CMCETTJLUS) PH^ETJS, Var.
Mws jphaus, Pallas, Glires, pp. 74, 261, PI. XVa.
Cricetus pluews, Pall., Zoog. Ros. As., i, p. 163.
1, Sarikol ; 2, 3, Panjak, Waklian, — all skins.
Although the specimens brought differ in some respects from those from Persia, s 1 ^
I think the differences are not much greater than those of Persian specimens between theJ»
selves. The Yarkand and Pamir skins of this hamster have smaller cars than those collected
Persia, and rather longer fur. But the most important distinction is, that in the former
molar teeth are larger ; at the same time the form of the teeth is the same.
The following dimensions are taken from the label of the specimen from Panjalx (1)-
comparison I give the dimensions in inches of a Persian male, (2) taken on the body like tb°
of the Waklian animal, and (3) Pallas’s original measurements4 of a specimen probably fr°
near Astrakhan : —
Length of head and body .
Do. of head alone
Do. of tail
Do. of ear
Do. of fore-foot with claws .
Do. of hind-foot do.
1*
2$
3
3-7
4
3-4
1-08
1-2
1-17
0-8
1-25
0-75
0-68
0-76
0-5
0-38
0-4
0-4
0-68
0-7
0-6
The length of the ears in the Pan j ah specimen is intermediate between the PelS.lfl(i,
and Russian measurements. Erom the label of this specimen I take the follo^11^
additional details : — snout to eye 0'48, snout to ear 0'9, width of fore-foot 0'2, of hind- °^,
the same, length of hair on the back 0'37, of the longer hairs tipped -black 0'7, widt ^
head at base of ears 0’55. Ears rounded, soles of feet white, snout flesh-coloured, iris hi °A'
The colour varies from pure ashy grey to grey with an isabelline tinge, but the same ta
place in Persian specimens. .
Since the above was written, both this and the next species have been discovere
Gilgit by Captain Biddulph,
1 Eeise, i, p. 186, PI. VII, fig. 2.
2 Rech. Mam., i, p. 131.
3 Eastern Persia, ii, p. 58.
4 Glires, p. 263.
I
MAMMALIA.
45
32.
c. (Cricetultjs) eulvus. PI. IX, fig. 1; PI. Xb, fig. 3.
W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, sliv, Pt. 2, p. 108.
^°n0- corp0ris o r.1CC^° pfuG0> sed major atque magis fulvus, arenaceo-fulvus vix cinereus.
api isque 4'5, caudce 1-4, auris 0'75, tarsi 0‘7 poll.
1> Young
ng. tmrth of Sanju pass . 2, Kashghar ; 3, Yangihissar; 4, 5, Yarkand ; 6, 7, Sarikol ; 8, Panjah, Wakhan.
ns’ excePt No. 6, which is in spirit.
an ^lan the rest, are scattered throughout the fur. These black tips are
f ( the colour is , leac ahove. On the sides they are rather less numerous than on the back,
.°ln the -vyhit 1Gr Inore rufous. There is a distinct line separating the dark dorsal region
^ with the [;a,K^01ncn 1 the white includes the breast, chin, and the lower parts of the
ne ^e> the longej^af8 ^ie head. Whiskers very numerous, the upper dark brown, the lower
0 arv naked ^ a 30ut Lg inches in length, muzzle blunt; ears moderate, ovate, very thin,
U S^e> hairs nf°l!,S1<^' near the base, thinly clad above, with whitish hairs both inside and
the ^lC tubercles b ^ S^°Vt an<* rather stiff.
j(ice of the t 18 Sma^er than the others ; three are in front arranged in a triangle, one
tul U°ar tubercle ^ °- °^lers’ an(t the two hindmost in line behind the latter pair, the
t() ercH 2 on |pe x outside and intermediate in position ; on the hind-foot are also 6
ea°h other, hut 8x^e’ ^ on the inner and one terminal ; the others are not opposite
§a . J'he foU0win a,.emat.e ’ ah are about the same size.
ri °t specimeu fn ^lrUens^ons are (1) from the label of the Kashghar specimen, (2) from the
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
of head and body
• of head alone .
of tail
from snout to ear
‘to* to eye .
rPT, fr°m eye to ear
b Do>f 6ar fr°m fr°nt base to tiP
£ ' measured behind .
*?“ ****-*» ; . .
"Cl»*s»hi, ' hlI,d-f“‘»«l do
s«i« a«i, ,
0 oured, muzzle the same, iris brown.’
l
Inches.
4-45
1-35
1-45
1-08
0-6
0-4
0-75
0-6
0-6
0-42
0-7
2
Inches.
4-4
1-2
1-2
0-55
0-6
0-4
0-38
0-67
46
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The following are the dimensions of a skull
Total length .....
Breadth across zygomatic arches
Do. between orbits ....
Length of nasal hones
Breadth of do. in front
Length of upper molars taken together
Distance from incisors to upper molars
Length of lower jaw from condyle to symphysis
Metre.
Inches.
■030
1-17
•016
0-64
•004
0-16
•012
0-48
•004
0-16
•0045
018
•0085
0-34
•0155
0-6
This species is little more than a large brownish form of C. phceus, hut it is so much lal’»
'tret
that it ought, I think, to be distinguished. I obtained one specimen in Northern Persia
whi^
agreed in size very fairly with C. fulvus.' There appears to he a regular gradation of close 1
allied forms of grey hamsters, commencing with the little C. arenarim 2 and ending with
large C. isabellinus,3 which has the head and body 6 inches long without the tail. |
The only difference I can see between the specimens from Yarkand and Kashghar, 3,1
those from the Pamir, is the much longer fur which the latter possess, in consequence, l)|0
bably, of the colder climate they inhabit. As already noticed under C. phceus, C. faj0
has been found again associated with its smaller relative, by Captain Biddulpli, in ’
south of the dividing range between the upper Oxus and the Indus, and within t
territories of Kashmir.
Prom C. ( Grice lulus) griseus 4 the present form is distinguished by its larger size
longer tail, by its rather darker colouration (judging at least by the figure of C. grisel '
and the absence of any dorsal hand, and by the very different disposition of the tubercles
the soles of the feet.
A species recently described by Severtzoff under the name of Cricetus murinus 6 is sal
to resemble in appearance Arvicola arvalis, being dark greyish- brown above, ashy below ;
length is 5 inches, of which the tail is H. This species is found in the Irtish and I^
rivers in South-Western Siberia. The species recorded by Severtzoff from Western Turkesta
are C. songarus, C. acredula, and C. eversmanni. C. pheeus may very possibly occur also.
an(1
33. Nesokia BARCLAY an a. PL X a, fig. 1.
(or A. blythiana, var.)
Mns ( Nesokia ) harclayanus, Anderson, J. A, S. B., 1878, vol. xlvii, Pt. 2, p. 229.
Nesokia indica, W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 108.
to
1-5, Srinagar, Kashmir.
When examining the rodents of Dr. Stoliczka’s collection, I found it very difficult
determine the species of Nesokia for want of examples. I have since obtained many SP®C*
mens from various parts of India, and Dr. Anderson has recently examined the large cohc
tion that has accumulated in the course of the last few years in the Indian Museum, witfi
1 Eastern Persia, ii, p. 58.
2 Pallas, Glires, p. 265.
8 De Filippi, Viaggio in Persia, p. 344.
8 A. Milne-Edwards, Reek. Mamm., i, p. 133, PL XII, XIII.
1 Severtzoff, Turk. .lev., p. 82 : Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., July 1876, Ser. 4, xviii, p. 54.
result of MAMMALIA. 47
^^H 1 ancf Je^i numher °f species is considerably larger than it was supposed to
l" lc‘Us by Geoffroy1 xr^e ^°rmer cons*dered the various animals described as Mus
desrSf^ and Nemkh .Mm iNeotoma) Wovidens by W. Elliot,4 Mm kok* Mm
•-» *y ciXlCt Jyfii 7 \ wwnvwj js/ *si/vu/c/t,o vj >7 . _uiiiut5 J}±lbb h,(Jh9' J.kLwo
be ^ ^0rnas> all to bol tar([lc^(;^-n by Dr. Gray, Mm huttoni ,2 3 4 * 6 7 by himself, and some other
< ‘'‘red the Arrimi . °nS t° one; species, which he called Nesokia indica, and to which
i nt- °f the numerous ^ mdlcaoi Gray and Hardwicke.8 He was also disposed to believe that
Nepal woul,nUn considers Nesokia a subgenus of Mm, and refers to it,
'!/m \°lunUii> previous} eid°n’ Ble bandicoot, Mus bandicota v. giganteus, and an allied species,
are . 01 Hodgson o - unnamed, unless it prove, as is not improbable, to be M. nemori-
type &SSed by Dr. le ^ruc setifer13 of Horsfield. The species ref erred to the subgenus
°*' He r,. — erson in three sections, — one, the typical group containing the original
C'ua'V.He genus N ^ secuonsr — one, tlie typical group containing the original
He N. ’indie mdmcJeei> and d-s allies N. huttoni and N. scullyi ; a second section
clay(^n *eb he separates and Hrdon, which Dr. Anderson renames N. blythiana ,and
nidi " ~ *" ‘ ’
th
’ and He band' S t ' Prov^em °f Llliot, and another species which he calls N. bar-
:> 8 * Heofi'j.Qy _S'! °up, N. giganteus and N. elliotanus. He shews that the Mus
r.ii rru' as Mus, 1. .. \ 1 aire Was not a Nesokia, and ho considers that Armenia indica was
au0tit dS Mus hard ■ not a nesokia, and he considers that Armcola mdica was
rr,,1 sPeeific uarne ' '\ \ conscf[uently the Nesokia indica of Blyth and Jerdon requires
the f0]jlf> ‘bfferences bet le^ers Bie Kashmir species to N. barclayana.
Wluch ^Hig; the pai(.^ Cen tbe two more important secH°ns of the genus or subgenus are
to »r_ ic Preseut work 1-C°°ts’ b)rming the third section, do not extend into the countries with
(l°ubt, they beincr <'. and Heir title to be classed in the genus Nesokia is open
lu Hot, intermediate in characters between Nesokia and Mus. In
2 ' B., 1863, xxxii, pp. 328—333.
3 Mam- Ind., pp. 187, 190.
4 Besmarest, Mam., p. 299.
I Jour. Lit. Soi., x, p. 209.
6 Bharleaworth’s Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, Ser. 1, i, p. 585.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 184.2, Ser. 1, x, p. 265.
’ ' A- S-B., 1846, xv, p. 139.
„ J lustr- Bid. Zool„ Vol. i, PL Xi.
io i ■ xxxiv, Pt. 2, p. 193.
u ^astern Persia, ii, p. 59.
l2 Abi %earoh4», PI.
48
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
the typical section of true Nesokia, the skull (PL Xa, fig. 2, 2a, &c,) is very much broach*
and shorter than in Mus, and the head consequently has more the form of Arvicola, the bra
case is especially short and broad, the muzzle short, the anterior palatine foramina compaia
tively short and narrow, both molars and incisors are very broad and the worn surface of 1 ^
former composed of transverse laminae. The hinder margin of the palatine hones is u*11 ^
thickened. The tail is comparatively short (except in A. scullyi), and the claws are flatten®
and peculiarly adapted for digging. In all these characters the second section forms ^
transition between typical Nesokia and the bandicoots, so that there is a complete series 0
gradations from an extreme form like N. scullyi to a typical rat like Mus decumanus ■ ^
N. blytliiana and its allies (Pl. X a, fig. 1, la, &c.,) the molars are more distinctly transverse y
laminated, and both they and the incisors are broader than in Mus, although the teetb are
inferior in all these characters to those of the typical group of Nesokia ; the skull is not ^
broad as in the latter, nor are the anterior palatine foramina so short, hut still the skull *
much broader and shorter, and the anterior palatine foramina much narrower than in u ^
Mus. The tail in tins section of Nesokia is hut little shorter than the head and body, aD
the claws are more compressed than in N. hardwickei and its allies.
I quite agree with Dr. Anderson that if, as he appears to have ascertained satisfactory r
the Mus indicus of Geoffroy is a typical Mm, the name indica is inapplicable to the comm0 ^
Nesokia of Bengal, for, as he has also shewn, the Arvicola indica of Gray and Hardwftk6
“Illustrations of Indian Zoology ” agrees better with Nesokia hardwickei, with which ft g
identified by Gray. Dr. Anderson also considers that the A rvico la bengalensis of the sa
publication represents the long-tailed Bengal Nesokia. If the fact that these two &oxn ^
represent the two species of Nesokia can he satisfactorily established, N. hardtoickei m11
I think, stand as N. indica, and this will he inconvenient, because the name has been gene#1 ^
applied, for at least 16 years, to a distinct species. The long-tailed species, N. indica of j.
and Jerdon, N. blytliiana of Anderson, would in the same way retain the oldest name
N. bengalensis. But the figures in Gray and Hard wicke’s “ Illustrations ” are by no me
sufficiently good to render it at all certain what species is represented. There is still, howe' ’
much probability that one or more of the names given by Mr. Hodgson, Mus hydrops ^
M. pry dor his, M. macropus, or M. plurimammis, may apply to the Bengal Nesokia, and ft
such name will take precedence of N. blytliiana. a
I am also inclined to think Dr. Anderson right in separating N. providens, the S°u ^
Indian form, from his N. blythiana. As regards the distinction of N. barclayana, hoWeve^(j
am disposed to suspend my judgment. Dr. Anderson has examined the two animals aliye c ot
has compared a much larger series than I have, so I adopt his nomenclature, but I can^
help doubting whether N. barclayana is more than a local variety of N. blytliiana, diff®r ^
slightly in colour, and being of a rather more yellowish-brown tint, owing to its inhabit*0®
drier climate. The differences by which the two species are distinguished besides colour ‘
small, and consist of a shorter muzzle, larger, longer and more arched skull, and relat*-1
broader nasals in N. barclayana. The last character is noted as variable and the di fferen0,0^
size is not sufficient for specific distinction, even if it he constant ; hut the skull of N. l)n> f , . ;
ana does appear a little more arched. My impression is that the latter is merely a van
hut I may he mistaken.
The Srinagar specimens collected by Dr. Stoliczka have very harsh, coarse fur, yellow1'
sli
stained, and that when fresh the yellow tinge was not so marked. The fur on the ^
brown on the hack and yellowish- grey below. I think, however, these skins are sh»
•lfttf
ft
MAMMALIA.
49
^oiisisstg ixx gj ^
ydio^v, the Proportions of fine short underfur, and long coarse grooved piles, some
^Pecially i0no, q ieis’ ^eluding nearly all the longest, very dark-brown. These piles are
. ^ the terminal U r° Part of the hack, where some are as much as 2 inches in length.
>0yond the extrenfit’1011 ^'G *ongest, piles is rounded, hut they are more or less flattened
G°arse hair, the tai'P i°^ s^01^ underfur. The feet are well clad above with short
Unl.V clafi. ai las sport bristles between the scales. The ears appear to have been
XlJe long anterioi- ^ttle from those of some Calcutta specimens of N. blytliiana.
ft ^ tl~ «> ■™. narrower, and more slit-like posteriorly, the
>ut the difference & m° ais *s narrower and the upper surface of the skull rather more arched,
ll,ly aierelv +i aie very small. The fur is much longer than in the Bengal rat, but this
u It is impossible tSUlt a c°IcIer climate.
^UauaUy short [% ° ^ ^ trustworthy dimensions from dried skins; the tail appears
^ ^e8okict blytl • U l^le vertebrae are not preserved. The size is apparently the same as that
the Ivash]^’ ^arc^mJana- The skull agrees best with the latter, and to this
v i H16 adult skull 5 fiU *°mi *s reIerred by Dr. Anderson. The following are dimensions
ly tittle rlnm.x „ &uied in PI. Xa. The sex is not marked on the specimen, but I feel
e doubt m -ri- ^a- The sex is not marked on the specimen, but I
’ a er examining the skin, that the animal was a male.
-Length fro
ibeadtli an™ cciphal plane to end of premaxillaries
X)°, of;S.Z^tic arches .....
Do. 0;f ^ |1an behind posterior termination of zygomata
D0, n 011 f region where narrowest between orbits .
T ul- muzzle
J-jeriO'f i. „4> • . ,
2 £&*"*"*•
•Length of bon ^ ° secoud m°lar (teeth not measured) .
length of I a a^e Lcliind incisor teeth to opening of posterior nares
Bistancefl n°rpalatil ‘
I.
Lie foramina
°m aaterior upper molar to
incisor
We.
this
length of
breadth of )rn uPPer molars at insertion in jaw
Length of ni. ' V.', JC^Ween anterior upper molars
Height to or.,' 1 *• , ° H'°In condyle to symphysis
Leogp, of C°ronoid Process J "
Awo^tn0V”TOmo1™ : : :
b t0 J)l‘, Anders
Metre.
•0465
•027
•017
•006
•0075
•0135
•016
025
•0105
•015
•009
•0045
•031
'018
•008
Inches.
1-83
1-08
0-67
0-25
0 30
0-53
0- 63
1- 00
0- 43
0’60
038
0-18
1- 25
0-72
0-33
llu'us are reom I' "vnaei‘son, Nesolcia blytliiana is chiefly found in Bengal, although some
from u,e N®*h-w
The ^eso7i:ia is
est. Provinces. A. barclayana is found in the North -
as I am aware,
^ O II t] ught from Srinagar comprise three adults marked as obtained in houses,
tnens pr<
eSi»«4-ouJre
\\ . 31 N®okia soullti. PL Villa; PI. Xa, fig. 2.
»■»«, C: P- *• *• B., p. 80.
I,V due and silk°n f!,0ve’ H^ht rufescent, brown or fawn colour; below, dirty white.
y> ackish-grev at the base, and for two-thirds of its length above, the
N
50 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
basal portion darker than the terminal, the last third of the longer hairs only
light fawn colour. On the lower parts the hairs are grey with a pinkish tinge at the has J
The pale tipped hairs in the middle of the back are about T\ inch loag ; a few still longer W
piles being scattered through the fur on the hinder part of the back. The face is eart h
brown ; vibriss® numerous, moderately coarse, black or blackish-brown, except near the tip
where most are white, the longest extend to the car, and are about 1\S inch long; some coaM
silvery-white hairs along the upper lip. Ears short, rounded, scarcely appearing beyond
fur, and almost naked. Eeet flesh-coloured, large, very sparsely clad with short scatter
Avhite hairs above, naked below. Claws flesh-coloured. Tail shorter than body and head,
absolutely devoid of hairs except above near the base, where there are a very few scatter ■
short fine hairs, none near the tip ; the sui’face scaly ; the scales round and arranged
indistinct rings, about 40 to the inch.
Inches.
Length from snout to insertion of tail
Do. of tail ....
Do. of ears from orifice
Do. do. from head outside
Breadth of ears
Length of hind-foot without claws
Do. of fore-foot do.
6-6
5-2
0-6
0-5
0-45
1'55
0-b
The first two measurements were taken by Dr. Scully on the body ; the others
the dried skin.
The following are measurements of the skull, which is nearly perfect : —
are
fi-oa1
Metre. Inches.
Length from occipital plane to end of premaxillaries
'046
1-83
Breadth across zygomatic arches .......
•(128
M2
Do. of brain pan behind posterior termination of zygomata
•017
0-68
Do. of frontal region where narrowest between orbits
•007
0-3
Do. of muzzle .........
•010
0-4
Length of suture between nasals .......
•014
0'55
Height of skull above second molar (teeth not measured) .
Length of bony palate behind incisor teeth to opening of posterior
•015
0'6
nares ...........
•026
1-03
Length of anterior palatine foramina ......
■007
0-27
Distance from anterior upper molar to incisor ....
•016
0-6
Length of row of upper molars at insertion in jaw ....
•011
0-45
Breadth of palate between anterior upper molars ....
•003
O' 13
Length of mandible from condyle to symphysis ....
■033
1-32
Height to coronoid process
•020
0-78
Length of row of lower molars .....•■
•011
0-43
As pointed out by the describer, the species is distinguished from all other torn1 ^
the genus Nesokia by the long silky hah’, naked tail and large feet, and by the gi’eat ^
portional size and breadth of the skull, mandible and teeth ; on the whole, it appr°a
nearest to N. huttoni, which is but doubtfully distinct from N. hardwickei. , M
This is the second instance in which a species of Nesokia (Spalacomys) has been 0 ^
within the boundary of the Pahearctic region. N. huttoni has been obtained in Bah1(,blS
and Southern Afghanistan.
MAMMALIA.
51
No
1T1ale, n0T^ ■^U,1.< n scullyi was obtained by Dr. Stoliczka. The type, a dried skin of a
<:l°se to the ba^ ,.IU^an Museum, was collected by Dr. Scully on June lltli, 1875, at Sanju,
Se 0 the Kuenlun, south-east of Yarkand.
35. Mus siiBLiMis, sp. nov.
Mus
]J: ' ts w-wpes ? W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Ft. 2, p. 108.
PHo$iS) caudd - n'6'*ubtm albidus, vellere molli, longmsculo, basin versus schistaceo, aurieulis
" >'ostr0 ad ^et°s® corporem cum capite longitudine excedente , pedlbus longiusculis. Long.
Phntce 08$ p0ji °au^CB (exempli in spiritu vini conservati) 2m6, caudce 3' 05, auris O‘o,
Colou a»kse, west of Pankong Lake, Ladak, 13,000 feet.
rather lou?J ° )La'r brown, below whitish, the colours passing into each other ; fur soft
bel0Wj (puT a])0Ul' 0'35 inch on the middle of the back ; all, except the tips, both above
j^t-browv, A S oty-grey, the terminal portions of the shorter hairs on the
llark-br, that ‘
back being
-mjwh ,, ot the longer hairs, which are about 0*45 inch long and very numerous,
(’V(!r it, the u, aCG 1Uuc'1 the same colour as the back, also with long blackish hairs scattered
Jars oval, clad 61- ^iskers black ; the lower, some of which are longer than the head, white.
!U the Verier Wlth.ratW mattered light rufous-brown hairs near the margin inside, and
filial hairs are ^° . 011 °f the outer surface, on the posterior outer surface the short mar-
pale colo^d1 l^’ ^1G 'ia*l s on the portion of the outer surface near the head arc long
ha;
Feet thinly clad with short light-brown hairs, tail with short bristly
m™, le dusky-brown above, whitish below. The colour of the type has become
The - nif(ms ‘
PahA Which
1 aler and
e tail, which
v,.lu whnj ‘ SmCe ^le ab°ve description was' written in 1875.
I J (ls the head airl ' ^ ^ne anc^ tapers gradually and regularly from the base to the tip, ex-
. 11 auriculis ovalibus majmculis pilosis. Long. ( exempli in spiritu vini
}osho ad basin caudce 2' 3, caudce 2, auricula O'b, plantce O' 65 poll.
36. Mus pachycercus. PI. IX, Pig 2 ; PL Xb, Pig 4.
W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv. Part 2,
108.
L Sa
^ v'" l- ; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Yarkand ; 11, Yaugihissar ; 12, no label ; — all skins, except two from
ai 'and, which are preserved in spirit.
-tint
p , are p
U)i°ur above s-nwU. i
the sides, T dy'Wn
(aum *3?? parts ^ darker in some skins than in others, and is occasionally slightly greyish
11 l on the sides “""“^.y-orown to hair-brown, becoming in some specimens pale and rufes-
°i the urmm. luider parts white, the colours distinctly separate on the sides. The colour
Pur
JUse-brown) l
lately S0ft 7 USUally of a more sandy or yellowish tint like M. bactrianus
jdackish slaty ■ i°nS> (O' 3 to 0'35 inch on the middle of the back,) the basal portion
iml “ ’ . *s the c°lour of at least three-fourths of the length on the upper parts ;
the
hai
term
Ulal portion
■'u,1|‘s with hi 'i"-11101.1 1IL Scneral is light brown, from sandy to light liair-brown, many longer
throughout a° l'l)s being scattered amongst the fur. On the breast the fur is white
SaitlG eolOLtl! 011 the abdomen only the extreme base is dark. Upper part of the head the
lllUch to exeon 1 +i ^ack’ Askers mostly black, only the lowest being white, none appear
Posterior p0rt;° t ie llead in length. Ears large, rounded, hairy ; the hairs covering all the
,‘airs ten. +i7°n °f tlle mside are short and brown and rather thinly scattered; some longer
hasG of +1. ‘ anterior margin; on the outside the hairs are even shorter except towards the
.’ Avi lcre they are longer and pale in colour. Peet pretty thickly clad above
ase of ii
wifi , the ear,
. 11 . ±uugcr ctJLill JJcllU 11L CU1UUI. X'UCt j
^ 'di W]i>fe ^an’S; soles naked. Tail thick, shorter than the body and head, thinly clad
Th
e skills^' throughout; the skin is dark on the upper surface, pale below.
( .lil|(,c$ions from T a^°U^ to 3 inches long (head and body) ; tail 2 to 2J. The following
lalV, hut stilU] *° speeimens in spirit are, of course, somewhat contracted, the ears espe-
iey are far more trust worthy than any taken on dried skins : —
eial]
L«stl, fKm nose to „
D°- of tail
Tj. ear hom orifice .
L en °f ’aid flat .
l of fore-foot (palma)
°f hind-foot and tarsus
Inches.
Inches.
2-35
2'3
1-9
2
0-48
0-5
0-39
0'4
0-3
0-3
0-65
0-65
^ ls a ionger^k 1 pUtS ^‘85 inch in length by 0'47 in breadth ; the nasal bones are 0'32 long.
in ^]0ri°r palatir,!,1 j, than that of M. bactrianus, with much longer nasal bones and longer
This
me foramina. The incisors are deep yellow. Length of upper molars 0T3
a the house, jjllently a house-mouse, one specimen from Karglialik being labelled “ caught
an^°rth.4stn. °loseIy allied to M. bactrianus,' the house-mouse of Persia, Afghanistan
thicker tail 'n hut this is a”!*110 fom> shewing some resemblance, is M. pygmaus 2 from Se-chuan in
c lstinguished by having much smaller ears and by not being white helow.
! %th, J. A g R
4- Milne.vfi xv, p. 140 ; xxxii, p. 347. — W. Blanford, Eastern Persia, ii, p. 56, PI. V, fig. 2.
^s,Bech. Mam„p. 291, PI. XLIII, fig 1.
o
54
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
A third closely allied species is very probably M. hortulanus1 from Odessa, but that 1
rather larger, reddisli-brown above, and duty tawny below. Another allied form is apparent ,
31. prcetextus 8 from Arabia and Syria, but it has a reddish streak down each side, naked eal’s'
and the tail dark on both sides.
There is yet another Western Asiatic mouse, Mus wagneri, originally described3 ir°
the country between the lower Yolga and the Ural Mountain in the following terms : — Su{Pra
cauclaque griseo-fulvus, subtus abrupte candidus, auriculis majmculis, verruca haluca)*
lamnata , (? laminata,) cauda quam corpus breviore. The colour does not agree with tn
of M. pacliyccrcus, and in the latter the hallucar tubercle is not laminated. Mus. wagneri, t°0’
is smaller than M. minutus of Pallas, which is a smaller animal than M. pacliycercus. ^
According to Severtzoff4 5 M. wagneri is an extremely common resident through01
"Western Turkestan. He also mentions as Mus wagneri, var. major (M. tokmak ? n.
form, which he says only differs from Jf. wagneri in its larger size, in which it approaches
sylvaticus. It is a house-mouse, and said to have been obtained in a house in a village bib
in 1864. No dimensions are given, nor any description except the comparison with M ■
neri. Tokmak is the name of a town between Vernoe and Auliata, lying north-west 0
Lake Issik and nearly due north of Kaslighar. It is far from clear whether M. tok}il(l
is proposed as a name, and the description is insufficient to enable the species to be vec°s
nized.
37. MUS ERYTIIKONOTUS.
W. Blanf., Ann. Mag1. Nat. Hist., 1875, Ser. 4, xvi, p. 311. — Eastern Persia, ii, p. 54, PI. V, $£'
Mus sylvaticus, var. W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 108; nec Linn.
1, Kaslighar ; 2, 3, 4, 5, Panjah, W akhan.
In external characters there is very little difference between the skins from Kashghftr
and Wakhan, and those of the long-tailed field mouse of Europe, M. sylvaticus, and ib
-preliminary list of Dr. Stoliczka’s collections the specimens in question were assigned to
European species. The means of comparison were small, the specimens of M. sylvaticus
the Indian Museum had faded in colour from exposure, and no skull was available.
At
same time I was disposed to consider Mus erytlironotus, described by myself from Persia
very
a variety of M. sylvaticus. The skins from Kaslighar and Wakhan, I may add, agree
fairly with the description of M. sylvaticus by Sell rebel"0 and Blasius.6
Recently, however, I have been enabled, by the kindness of Dr. Anderson, to comp ^
skulls of the Wakhan mouse with one of M. sylvaticus, and although the two are ^
allied, there are some differences which make me doubtful whether the former may 11 _
belong to a distinguishable race. The skull of Mus sylvaticus compared is smaller, measl^
ing only an inch in length, and is from an English specimen. The shape is, in most respe°
similar, but when viewed from behind, the occipital portion is much higher in prop01
i t0e
1 Nordmann, a, pud Wagner, Supp. Schreb. Saugth., iii, p. 410.
2 Licht., apud Wagner, Supp. Schreb. Saugth., iii, p. 422.
3 Eversmau, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Mosc., 1848, i, p. 191, PI. I, fig. 2.
4 Turk, Jev., p. 61; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., July, 1876, Ser. 4, xviii,p. 53
5 Saugthiere, iv, p. 651, PI. CLXXX; Wagn. Supp. iii, p. 411, &c.
c Saugthiere Deutschlands, p. 322.
MAMMALIA.
55
its breadth
Hie openino, 0f ^ ln ^lc Haills taken from the Panjah skins, and so is the foramen magnum,
'eing les§ ^ e posterior nares in the English skull, too, is much narrower, the breadth
the molar coi^s 1° anterior molar, whilst in the Panjah skull the breadth exceeds that
smallerj o era ^ ’ an(l in the European species the hinder upper molar is much
S vUlls the thhd n c I*1 J0Ufc a f°Urth of the size of the second molar, whereas in the Panjah
j11f>lar is comparat'0 ^ ^ the size of the second. In the lower jaw also the posterior
lan in the unno U°? Sma^er lh the skull of the English mouse, but the difference is less
No sj)f,,.j ,mo ars-
j?r CompariSon +]S °*' erythronotus, obtained by me in Northern Persia, are available
10 Vesemhlanee of' tl C eS^ne^ t°r the Indian Museum having apparently been mislaid, hut
10 two are proh 1 • 6 ^a^^an shins and skulls to the figure and description is so close, that
^ks the tail is lc^enttcal. The only difference I can detect is that in typical Mm erythro-
^ lereas in t)le ^ , f same length as the head and body together, as it is in M. sylvaticus ;
^ alone 18 ins fh ^ m°USe tail appears to he a little shorter, in the proportion of 7 to S.
^ erythrf) U; hcient for specific distinction. It is; however, by no means improbable
'teamens froin >l° *s Baerely a local race of M. sylvaticus, and with a good series of
y U(tticus, vn .. ..Vn.W<)US t°calities, the two might be found to pass into each other. The Mm
”‘vOj v»rw xuiguu wu j_uu.xj.v4. v\s jjuioo xxxi/u
Hie folloAvinni ^ ^ a description of the Kashghar and Panjah long- tailed field-mouse :
]) vi u“lcLL coir i ui tut; jx.tiMiguctr ctu.iL
s° °'v>the two c l 1 ail"i>r0wn above, becoming rufous in some specimens on the sides, white
1° ^lat the upper rlUS s^larply' divided and the line of division running back from the nostrils,
!)•' l ^*te. The J' arifi part of the cheeks are white. Tail brown above and white below;
l>ut ^ ^ ieast threcTf UPPer parts is long and soft (0'4 inch long on the middle of the
,n. ^hXed with °Ul^s °t the length blackish grey, the tips mostly yellowish brown,
L namerous slightly longer hairs which are black ; these black-tipped hairs
(lis;
thi
’aPpear 0n t|1(1 . ' sngntiy
•sho^1 head, flnj08 ' ^eat^ a^ove the same colour as the back. Whiskers rather longer
(;Hl *la'ls’ Which ar U?^61' ^lack, lower white ; ears oval, thinly clad inside and out with
hd , ^ 'Hth whit ai|'e . 10Wn’ except on the posterior margin, where they are whitish. Eeet
1 's with whi ti ci i m.lr a'JOVe : the thumb has a small claw. Tail covered below and on the
'>^r\lo^th
^ n skips the 1 U wrhite in some specimens.
ntK ai’e noted bv^ii measure about 4 iuches, tail 3|.
J L>r. Stoliczk;
than in M. pachycercus, the hairs on the upper surface beihg
ite in some specimens.
measure about 4 inches, tail 3|. The followir
a on the label of one of the Panjah specimens : —
measure-
Lnftt,h of hea»» Se‘° f : '
} of fppf fl i *
eshy white, reddish at the base.
Inches.
4
3-5
1 • 1 5
0- 5
1-
0-65
0-58
0-5
0-4
0-9
Eeisen, i, p. 103, PL V, fig. 3, 4.
56
SECOND YA11KAND MISSION.
The following are the dimensions of a perfect skull, taken from one of the
Pan j ah : —
Length from occiput to end of nasal bones
Metre.
. ‘1)265
Inches
1-1)8
Breadth across hinder part of zygomatic arches
. ‘013
0-53
Least breadth of frontal region between orbits .
. -004
0-16
Length of nasal bones .....
. -010
0-4
Do. of anterior palatine foramina
. *005
0-19
Do. of row of upper molars
. -004
0-15
Do. of lower jaw from angle to symphysis
. -0125
0-52
Height of ditto ditto
. -007
0-29
skins fi’0'1'1
38. Gercilltjs cryptorhinus. PI. X; PI. Xh, fig. 5.
W. Blanf., j. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 108.
G. supra rufescenti-arenaceus, sublus albas, colons dorsalis ventralisque li/mite ^
notato, rostro in lobum semicircularem, intus pills brevibus sparsis indutum, nares °bled
tern, desinente ; cauda corporis capitisque lonc/Undinem excedenle, cum dorso super ne J ^
- v-w ■ - J i
concolore, sed magis rufescente nisi apicem versus, ubi nigrescit, subtus pallid tore ,
Honnullis ad apicern caudce longioribus nigrescenti-fnscis, auriculis mediocribus, ovalibus, e
entice dense pilosis, mystacibus confertis, capitem longitndine parum excedentibus, sUPre^\
nigriSi cceteris albis ; vellere longmsculo, molli, nitido, basin versus ad tergum sclnst*0 ,
palmis submdis, pills sparsis indutis, plantis confertissime pilosis ; dente molario td
simplici, incisoribus unisulcatis . Long, exempli majoris nuper occisi a rostro ad ^ j;
caudce 55, caudce 6' 25, auris
nuper
0'75, pedis posterioris a calccmeo 1:4 poll.
Long, exe
minoris 4m5, caudce 5 poll.
1, 2, 3, 4 5, Kargkalik ; 6, Yarkand ; 7, Maralbashi ; 8, 9, 10, Yangihissar ; all skins ; 11, in spirit, no latf 1
Colour above sandy rufescent, some specimens rather more rufous than others, ^0.
white, the two colours sharply divided on the sides ; cheeks pale ; supercilia whitish ; feet
tail above rather more rufous than the hack, paler and occasionally whitish below, beC°t tpc
dark-brown or blackish above near the end, and with the slight tuft of longer hairs » Q{
end of the same dark colour. Fur soft and glossy, about half an inch long in the mu ‘ ^
the back, all the basal portion, being at least three quarters of the length, dark as A ^
terminal portion pale yellow-brown to pale rufous, with numerous longei hairs, v1 -j,
tips mixed. On the under surface the hairs are white throughout. On the tail the ^ pt
rather short, coarse, and close together ; there are a very few longer black tips mixe
scarcely enough to produce an effect in the general colour. uefi0’
The ears are oval and of moderate length, densely clad with brown hairs on the » tpe
portion of the outer surface, and with a fringe of longer hairs on the anterior mar.,1 ,
posterior portion of the external surface is nearly naked, except near the margin , il i-
anterior portion of the inner surface completely destitute of hair ; but the innei sur
more hairy near the hinder margin. The whiskers are very numerous, the longest s
exceeding the head, the uppermost behind being black; all the rest white; all are ^j,
at the base with long hairs which cover the side of the nose. Soles of the fore- he ^
scattered white hairs, but nearly naked ; those of the hind-feet densely covered 'vl
pv MAMMALIA. 57
everywhere, e.
‘Ul0 °W 11le ll0st1“ils covered by the flap is also hairy. The use of this lobe
TMoUowi P°U sand and dust from the air-passages,
tb ,Tla,^e of fore-foot
Do- of hind-foot
to tip
owing
675
0-8
0 3
0-75
0-6
0- 5
1- 4
Metre.
•037
•019
•007
•014
•0195
Inches.
4‘5
5
5-75
0-55
0-5
0-4
0- 45
1- 3
Inches.
1-45
076
078
0'55
076
are tlle dimensions of a skull
Breath ^10m 0tubJUt to end of nasal bones
Least hreadtTl f ^ part ot z)'gomatie ai'ches
% r fwnoAits • • •
h 01 oasal bones
adi -ln tlle sku]l nf f !°.WC1 JUVV from C0l)dyle to symphysis
• tiling bones •+ US sf)ec^es> the lachrymal bone
/a entirely
,J' Cts ftom the ~T* !’llaI tlle process of the lachrymal, which in other species of Oerbilhu
twl"?1’ hut it “l!T “Ogle of the orhit,
II
is
\uoir i?.is ^ to a.
WanthJf T 1U other.forms °f the genus.
I Noticed tliattl eVidently 136611 lost’ 111 two otliers’ wllicli have been extracted
appears not to be anchylosed to the
It is free in one fully adult specimen.
USUgM taund this When 1 obtained a third skull, extracted from ^^01 s
' Ps;: 1 Ue t° the lachrymal not being united to the surrounding bones
a much longer ^ meridianus?' from the Caspian, hut is considerably larger.
urns deficient in the first two skulls which I
a specimen in spirit,
as it
hadov^Mebted
‘s not v,.c- examination.
It is still nearer to G. tamaricinus ,4 hut differs in colour, in
for calling my attention to this character, which lie noticed when extracting the skull. I
is
Braudt fllnii'1' ! 1 WOuld s,Jg&sSfc the possibility of the absence of this process in Bhomlomt/s (Meriones
Planus " - ' U l- Acad. S,.; sn [3„i ro.-c _ sou..! j... , ,, x a
p. 3le< "* ntHdi,
Mn,
tarnu>'iejs ?. ®C1- St’ Pet-> xiv> 1856> P- 76.) being due to the same cause.
e< u, p. 702 ; Bipus meridiams , Pah, Zoog. Bos. As., i, p. 182.—,
Pallas, Glir
Mas longipes, Pallas, Glires,
es» p. 323.
58 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
having the tail longer than the body, and apparently in having a shorter head and
hairy ears. Another form showing considerable resemblance is G. unguiculatus 1 ir° ^
Chinese Mongolia, which, however, is represented as wanting the dusky tip to the tail) an
as having the tail shorter than the body. This species agrees with G. cryptorhini is ^
having hairs on the soles of the fore-feet as well as on those of the hind, but the skuh
more convex above, and has the prominent lachrymal process united to the frontal.
the other Asiatic forms there are greater differences. From G. indicus 2 and G. per sicus ^
present species is distinguished by its hairy hind-feet and shorter head ; from G. erythri
and G. hurriancc 5 by its very differently shaped and much longer head, its white ull< ,
surface, &c. ; and from G. pmmmophilus6 by its much longer tail. It is, moreover, to the <)e ^
of my knowledge, distinguished from all the species named by the peculiar flap cover111"
the nostrils. There is certainly nothing of the kind in G. indicus, G. persicus, G. hurri
or G. nanus, nor can I find it described in any other species. ^
A Gerbillus 7 is described by Severtzoff from Western Turkestan under the name
Meriones collium. It is said to he rufescent above, white below ; the hairs of the tail rl
cent and black mixed ; the tuft at the end of the tail of two colours, fuliginous ^
canescent ; “ the black tail-tuft, surrounded by a pale-grey margin.” The description
not agree sufficiently with the present form to render it probable that it refers to the sa
species; the description of the tail, and especially of the tuft at the end, shows
Western Turkestan animal to be distinct, and the tail is said to be shorter than the
G. collium is, however, said to be allied to G. tamaricinus ; so it probably resenw ^
G. cryptorhinus very closely. G. opimus, G. meridianus, and G. tamaricinus are also sal
to be found in Western Turkestan.
Family — DIP 0DID2E.
39. DlPUS LAGOPTJS.
Lichtenstein in Eversman’s Reise nach Buchara, p. 121. — Brandt, Bull. Ac. Imp. St. Pet., 1844, ii, p-
1, Ivoshtak, South of Yarkand ; 2, Yarkand ; 3 Yangihissar.
These specimens agree on the whole fairly with Lichtenstein’s original description
measurements ; the ears are rather larger, hut the difference does not appear great,
tarsi are also a little longer. The following is a short description : colour above light s®0 y,
brown, slightly washed with dusky; below pure white ; a white band across the outside
the thigh. Tail pale-brown above, whitish below, with a tuft of longer hair, altoge ^
about 2^ inches long ; at the end the terminal portion pure white, the proximal portion
or dark-brown on the upper part and sides, but brown or white beneath the tail-
fur is very soft and rather long, 0-6 to 0'8 inch in the middle of the back ; on the np
J A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 5, Vol. vii, 1867, p. 377. — Rech. Mam., p. 142, PI. Xa, XI.
2 Hardwicks, Trans. Lin. Soc., viii, p. 279, PI. VII.
3 W. Blanf., Eastern Persia, ii, p. 66, PI. VII, fig. 1.
4 Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1842, Ser. 1, x, p. 266 (nee Jerdon, Mam. Ind., p. 187.)
5 Jerdon, Mam. Ind., p. 186. — W. Blanf., Eastern Persia, ii, p. 68.
6 A. Milne-Edwards, Rech. Mam. p. 144.
7 Turk. Jev., p. 83 ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., July, 1876, Ser. 4, xviii, p. 55. It appears to have been first called M-
but the name was changed because of there being a South African species called Gerbillus montmus.
MAMMALIA.
59
Parts it is a L
r'('ar the en/ ^ ^)ase an^ b°r the grater part of its length, pale sandy -brown
i,lrs about half tA ,eX^reme tip dusky brown ; on the lower parts it is white throughout,
'air outside ; facg enSth of the head, oval, naked inside, thinly clothed with short brown
jlsual, very ion„. the hairs grey at the base ; sides of head whitish ; whiskers, as
. base, the low” ex.1l0p three ° ! S1(^e > the anterior upper molar is minute, simple, almost cylindrical ;
2 0l(W ers> and two f 7 convex folds outside, the anterior fold being much smaller than
bisido * °5 second *> S lns^e » tn the lower jaw the anterior molar has 3 folds inside,
disa,°’ a 8roove u-ii; , ‘ bolds on each side, the third 2 folds outside, hut no distinct fold
appearing o ch occ^
. , ^8peI°lder^uUs.
retum ’ ies was de
in tiU) b)Ul'ney froin scribed by Lichtenstein from a pair obtained by Eversman, on his
1 ,K ?,1dng in m.i ^ occurs there being confined to the crown of the tooth and doubtless
" ”s.
ibed
j) ^ *«t of ^ "u*naia,
ac»»«o» found
* ‘“OiUa
®e country.
m the deserts near the Sea of Aral. Severtzoff includes it
in Western Turkestan.1 It is a typical Dipus. D. jaculus,
yar. telum , and D. platyurus are also said by Severtzoff to he
1 T“rk. ,Tev.
P- 62; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., July, 1876, Ser. 4, xviii, p. 56.
60
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Family — L UP Oil I DUE.
40. Lepus hypsibius. PI. Ill, fig. 1 ; PI. IVa, fig. 1.
W. Blanf., j. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 214.
Lepus palUpes, Blyth, Cat. Mam. Mus. As. Soc., p. 131.
Pt. 2, p. 109, nee Hodgson.
L. oiostolus, Adams, P. Z. S., 1858, p. 520, nee Hodgson.
■ W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, xl,f'
0.
L. major, rufescens, nigro-adumbratus, subtus albus, uropygio fuscescenti-griseo, cdU^l
floccosd, i •' ;vddlish posterior surface, are more developed in L. pallipes, and the
j. I( sknll of x "/ ^ei' d'kc general colouration of L. hypsibius is much more rufous. In
0l(,head less ’ WPMbiw the teeth are larger, the palatal opening narrower behind, the
h !J' ^ypsihi CaVe’ and the posterior portion of the nasals differently shaped.
always aTPears to he found throughout a considerable tract in Western Tibet,
1 a0.’
where it is very grey and nearly white, and on the lower parts and tail, where the ha#
white throughout. There are very few black tips to the hair on the hack ; a few longer bla°*
hairs are mixed, hut they are not numerous, and they are so fine that they are easily overlook^,
The ends of the hairs on the nape and along the hack of the neck are pale grey. SideS
the neck and breast pale rufous. Tail white, except near the base above, where there al( ^
few dark-grev hairs. On the ears dark-brown longitudinal hands are conspicuous ofl
anterior outer portion and the posterior inner surface. The anterior edge of the ear is wbj ’
the posterior edge buff inside, the upper portion of the inside surface white. The ante1'
portion of the outer surface (except where dark-brown or white) is rufous-brown, the post®1
portion white, becoming ashy near the base. The extreme tip is black ; this colour i'UIlS
short distance down the anterior, and nearly half-way down the posterior edge. Eace bro
with a well-marked, pale, lateral band through the eye ; side of nose whitish ; the l°r’~
whiskers black near the base, white on the terminal portion ; other whiskers black, excep
few of the lowest, which are white.
The fur is extremely dense, soft and woolly, slightly curved on the back and sides ;
hairs on the tarsus not so long as in L. hypsibius.
The length of the skin from nose to rump is about 18 inches ; tail, including the
at the end, 5 ; tarsus, 4‘6 ; ears from the head 4'5, from the orifice 36.
The following are the dimensions of the skull : —
Length from occiput to front of incisors
Greatest breadth across posterior portion of zygomatic arches
Width between orbits .
>r
Irak8
Length of nasal bones
Breadth of do. behind .....
Do. do. in front .....
Length from base of hinder upper incisors to foremost molar
Do. of the row of upper molars .....
Do. of palate behind anterior palatine opening
Breadth of palate between 3rd pair of molars
Length of lower jaw from angle to symphysis
Height of do. ........
Metre.
Inches.
•090
3-55
•0425
1-68
•027
1-05
•035
1-45
•019
0-74
•014
0-55
•027
1-05
•0145
0-57
•006
0-24
•0125
0-5
•065
2-55
•038
1-5
Of the original types of L. pallipes described by Hodgson, two were from Lhassa a:
ai
from Sikkim. Through the kindness of Mr. Mandelli of Darjiling, I have had an opportu
as #
1 In the original description the name is printed pallipes. I think this must be a mistake or misprint for pallidipes> ‘ . js.
English name is given as “ white-foot. ” As the same specific name, however, is given to the Indian wolf and to some other a'1
it would he inconvenient to change it.
MAMMALIA.
63
^ cxatnfninj* g
These specii^gj^g1116 S^ec^meris °f hares procured from the portion of Tibet north of Sikkim.
of the lower parts^06 W are rather narrow. But these are possibly individual dif-
Precisely) as ^^nera^ colouration, a peculiar yellowish tint, well shown in the figure, coincides
head 4a ” mil^S distribution of colour. The dimensions correspond, except that
Measured. ’ Think, be too much, but it is not possible to tell how the head was
Slze of the animal °V6r ^ *ucpes l°nS would be gigantic and quite out of proportion to the
obtained by^ l51'0111 Eastern Tibet look at first very distinct from the Western skin
examinati0n thf 1 ° Tczka, the latter being much more rufous and less yellow. But on close
°i the back i * tp11^ ^le Palei“ colour of the under-fur, which is silky-wliite on the middle
are the only distinctions, the distribution of colour and
|°tn Eastern T'l 6 SarQe’ and the skulls are very much alike ; indeed, two skulls extracted
j lat of tbe WesV*' an sPecimens differ nearly as much from each other as either does from
h(,sitatc to onS |J W VUU.UU.U IAX W
le true Xj f ■/ 1' an adults, and the fur more woolly. I do not think any of them belongs
|3y ~ JL/1 ♦ JiCllUCUSUll 11UUJL IU6 AliOU laiACHUU. J JAjJfULWUU, ctxxvx
u ^tanus, are • Utferson in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society under the name of
J®* hot.sprino^Ult(,! ^mmatui'c, being scarcely half-grown. One is labelled Karakash, another
;iw,< rS t° the 111'^ '. x ^ PlSt’ which is very young, probably belongs to L. hypsibim, the
They
aiy prese f J is very yoimg, probably belongs to L. hypsibim, the
° ^ Cojr^^I'i species ; but the specimens are much too young for identification.
These yo‘ etanus-
s Seht by Mr^ xrareS’ however, differ considerably in colour from an Eastern Tibetan speci-
Sgesting the a ancl6hb which is more grey, and has, I think, still more woolly hair, thus
Ppropi lateness of Mr. Hodgson’s name oiostolus.
42. Lepus tibetanus
Travels
tlar
PI. IV, fi
'anus W ' '°“v’ in Kashmir, &c., ii., p. 268.
Ann. a»a *terhouse> P. Z. S., 1841, p. 7.— Nat. Hist. Mam., Rodentia, ii, p. 58.— Gunther,
ag. Is at. Hist., 1875,'Ser. 4, xvi, p. 228.
1, 2
.g 2.
1 should hav ' 2’ Nutra val,ey’ Laxidk-
prj|idthe hares obt Unahle to identify this species but for Dr. Gunther’s having (
^Use"m, whUd ^ ^"ptain Biddulph in the Nubra valley with the type ii
rat], * )< (^ hy Wate .] "' 1S’ P suPpose, that originally brought by Yigne from near Skardo,
r ^ SUl ‘"ill,... • "USe. Dr. ( I I 11 f 1 , ill. / ,n f +lin+ eE/a o .i wi i v»-» I'w, v, 1 Knhro, M ] t 111
g com-
in the
j- suppose, that ongmally brought by Vigne trom near & Karoo, and
£ , . Sraaller in UUUSe' Er. Gunther points out that the specimens from Nubra, although
a hpes and T IZ°! a§ree with the type very well, and may be distinguished from both
~Lj' Oiostoh,, tt . n , ,
’ «t,iee with the type very well, and may be distmgui
0l°stol ug 0f Hodgson by having straight, not curled, hairs.
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The two specimens in the collection were both procured by Dr. Bellew ; (Dr. Stolic^
did not traverse the Nubra valley). They differ so much from each other, that I waS t
a time disposed to consider them as belonging to distinct species, hut there is no imP°r ‘
difference between the skulls. Both were shot in October. The following is the descUP
of the older specimen, which I suppose to he still in summer vesture. The skin has
slightly stained, and is rather more rufous than it should he. ^
General colour rufous brown (very dark-brownish tawny) above, white below ;
whitish below, sooty .black above ; face and anterior surface of ears like the back, tips ot e
black, the colour running for some distance down the posterior margin. .gjj
Fur soft but short, scarcely an inch long on the middle of the hack, very pale brown
at the base for about half its length (palest as usual in the middle of the back), then
brown; towards the end pale rufous brown, the extreme tips being frequently black on
back. Neck and breast pale rufous ; the basal portion of the hair browner. Head in
brown; cheeks rather paler; ears brown in front outside, pale brown behind, black at the ^
and for some distance down the posterior margin ; hair on the inside of the ear and on ^
anterior margin isabelline. The hair on the head and ears everywhere very short, so that ,•
ears are almost naked inside. A light brown band down the front of the fore-leg, the ex
portion of thigh and tarsus the same colour : pads darker. Hams of lower portion and ^
of tail huffy1 white throughout, those of the upper surface sooty black near the
blackish ashy towards the base. Length of dried skin from nose to rump 16| ; tail with h
at end 4, without 3 ; tarsus to end of claws 275 ; ears outside, from the head between the
4-5, from orifice 3'5 ; breadth laid flat 2-25. sj,0t
The following is the description of the younger specimen which has been, I think, ^
whilst assuming the winter coat. In midwinter, however, it would doubtless be pale* ^
greyer, its dark brown colour being due to the newness of its fur. This is the spec1
figured on PI. IV. njte i
General colour above dusky brown, with an ashy tinge on the rump, lower parts " ^
tail white, with a broad black band on the upper surface. The fur is very soft and short , ^
hair on the middle of the back being only three-quarters of an inch long, and on the rum^
The dorsal fur is ashy at the extreme base, then very pale, hair brown ; in the longer '
towards the tip there is a dusky ring succeeded by a very pale rufous one, the extrem ^
being black. Nape and neck above and at the sides pale rufous ; breast similar but Pal('^j 0]J
duller. Head dusky brown ; the hairs buff and blackish mixed, whitish round the eye
the chin ; whiskers mostly black, the apical portion of the longer . and a few of the sia^fu
lower hairs white. Ears thinly clad near the margins inside with whitish hair ; a •,*,
band near the posterior edge ; the edge itself buff, the anterior edge with longer white ...
anterior external portion of the ear mouse-brown, (finely mixed dusky and buff,) posteii
tion very pale-brownish grey. Apex of the ear externally black ; a line of the same ^
runs forward for about an inch from the apex and just outside the posterior margin to1
half-way down the ear. Limbs mostly white, a very light brown stripe down the 1 c]ies
the fore-legs. Length of skin (apparently stretched) from nose to rump about 20 111
ear from head between the ears 4’ 25, from orifice 3‘5; breadth laid flat 2-25; tarsus
calcaneum to end of claws 4-6.
1 The colour is probably white, but the specimen with some others was packed damp and
this account the specimen has not been figured.
■ ed-
appears to have become stoU^
MAMMALIA.
65
TllQ £ jj
s'vUU of t]le other* are the measurements of the skull, which is unfortunately imperfect. The
r specimen is equally imperfect below and at the occiput: —
Width bet' ' across posterior portion of zygomatic arches
of nasal bones
of do. behind
Prom base ^°- ^lont
Jjgjj th^f fowler) upper incisor to foremost molar
Do ° r ^1<5 S*x m°lars taken together .
•breadth °f ^^ind anterior palatine opening .
Heio.bt f ^°‘ lot ween 3rd pair of molars .
This hare ‘ b °'Vcr iaw from base to coronoid process .
porter and leSg sma^er than L. hypsibius, and very differently coloured ; the fur is much
The pall- an<^ the tail has a broad black band above. The skull differs in several
,0^e shorter tdr t ^ ° °^>eri^QS is much broader behind, the molars comparatively wider apart,
" er (!(lge of tin/ i’r,storhilal processes rise much less above the plane of the frontals, the
i i'^'orn the si Z;'^omatic arch is nearly straight and not angulately convex, &c.
la,»itant0f a /01 ness °f the fur I should have anticipated that this hare would be an
ftp,.- .. mss SeVfiY*o A! i n : i J
Metre.
•040
•023
•036
•017
•013
•023
•0155
•006
•0115
•040
Inches.
1-59
0- 9
1- 42
0-67
0-52
0-9
0-61
0-24
0- 47
1- 58
<‘lo leceritly Spe SCVere ciimate than L. pallipes and the species hereafter described.
^^roacCT80' ahare procured by Major Biddulph in Yassin near Gilgit, and
’ to belonw . tlbetanus in external characters, have proved, on examination of the
b ° a different species, and have been described by myself as L. biddulphi.1
G
L.
43- Lei>ijs yarkandensis. PI. IY, fig. 1 ; PL IVa, fig. 2.
unlher, An Ar
p. 109 nn' Ma8'- Kat- Hist., Ser. L xvi, p. 229.— W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv., Pt. 2,
kkkan> Ydrkandi (Scully).
lavC(J''vct>l e°ncotor'7 tolai, sed multo minor , nusquam nigcr nee griseus , auriculis usque
» 7ioi[- lS' ^ €ribus / > Jlauc^ Tigris, arenaceo-isabellinus, fusco plusve minusve ad dorsum
aUr-' lyilisculo nil S>- 4>eotore pallidissime rufo, cauda alba , superne fused "
^4-2*
Cfdo, ap basin
lani *3S p0u
cinereo. Long, a rostro ad basin caudce 17, capitis 3’6, cauda 4 ,
y,d ’ ^ ‘Wgihissar ; 4, skin, 5, skeleton, Kalti-ailak near Pyzabad; all localities in the plain of
_rra| colo lkaDd aud Kashghar.
tail d^e dSahelline ^ brown or sand colour, above more or less mixed with dusky, becom-
sU ark hro\Vri a 1T10st cream colour on the sides, without any trace of grey on the rump ;
7 dusky tin^ V ears without any black at the end, though in one specimen there is
S’ as Usual, wpq ace ancl anterior portion of the ears the same colour as the back; lower
s hn!„_ ^ * ’ tur verv soft and lrvno\ fine and wooll
te
Pale rufous for at least half an inch ;
tail
a
Part;
amp
du
as ^
'Usk 4°as hairs ’ ^ur vei7 s°ft and long, fine and woolly towards the base, and with
of .la |dPs on the iVl' p*' i°nS'01‘ than the rest, scattered throughout the body ; these hairs have
11 llich, then , a, h’he dorsal fur is pale grey at the extreme base for about a quarter
towards the end there is a dusky ring>
J. A. S. B., 1877, xlvi, Pt, 2, p. 324.
66
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
and the points are pale buff, almost cream colour, but some of the hairs have blackish tips, W
are in some specimens sufficiently numerous to produce a distinctly dark wash. The le»» ^
of the fur on the middle of the back is about II inches. On the sides and rump the hair ^
darker grey at the base, and the dusky ring near the tip is wanting. The hairs on the nar
are pale rufous throughout, on the breast pale rufous to almost white, with the basal p°r '
ashy. Hair of the face rather long, ashy at the base, then brown, becoming darker near
tip, which is generally very pale ; some hairs, however, have black tips. Round the eye
fur is paler. Whiskers very few and inconspicuous, the upper black, the lower br°^ t
white. Anterior external surface of ears the same colour as the face, posterior portion 1’^.,
isabelline or whitish. The apex in some is dusky, hut in two specimens out of the foui
- - y|)HL’
gtill
hand near the posterior edge very faint. Eore-legs very pale brown in front; hind-leg8
paler brown outside; pads rather darker, hut variable as usual. Tail white below and at
sides, with a broad dark brown band above, the hairs of which are dusky grey at the base- ^
One striking peculiarity of this very pale coloured hare is the absence of any
patches and of all grey colouration throughout. All the specimens were shot in winter. *
animal is very small, the following dimensions being from one of Dr. Stoliczka’s labels
Yarkand skin: —
Inches.
17 '
4 3
is scarcely perceptible, and it is not black in any. Long hairs on anterior edge of ear rr
those inside the ear of the same colour, but becoming buff towards the margin ; the ‘
Length
Tail from vent.
Length of ear from base
Greatest width of do.
Length of head
Length of fore-foot.
Do. hind-foot
5-25
2-8
36
2-15
4-25
In the skin the length from nose to rump of this specimen is 18 inches; ears from ,j
-fho novo /L*3 * nn/lfli rvP dqv loir! flnf 9. *9. Pi • fnvcniQ A, A* 9. Pi Tn ■flio clrolofnn t,ll6 ^
between the ears 4-3 ; width of ear laid flat 2'25 ; tarsus 4 to 4' 25. In the skeleton the
measures 3-2 inches, vertebrae of neck and body 1T5, tail, consisting of 12 vertebrae, 3'"°'
The following are the dimensions of a skull, (PI. IVa, fig. 2.) It is very small, th°l1^
fully adult, with peculiar short nasals, which are somewhat irregularly truncated behind
<4
tt
their outer margins, but slope away from the posterior end of the suture, where the
front9's
project forward in a point ; each nasal is convex in front, the suture occupying a depi’esS
The breadth behind the postorbital processes is greater than in the allied species, and
ijoH-
tli0
Length from occiput to front of incisors . . •
Breadth across zygomatic arches .
Width between orbits across middle of postorbital processes
Do. of frontal hones behind do. .
Length of nasal bones .......
Width of do. behind ......
Do. do. in front ......
Length of six upper molars taken together
genus : —
M etre.
Inches.
•078
3-1
•037
1-45
•021
0-82
•014
055
•0285
1-13
■0155
0-61
■01
0-4
•014
0-55
1 This, I think, does not include the tail.
2 Evidently the hair at the end is included.
MAMMALIA.
67
Brpfnu Lohiiul palatine opening .
r„.,, ° Pa'a^e between 3rd pair of molars
6gth of palatine opening .
Height o°/ l0Wei £r°m aDgle t0 symPhysis
Metre.
Inches.
•005
0-2
•Oil
0-42
•0185
0-72
•054
2-13
•036
1-42
Weight of S . . • —
Xhig . do- -036 1-42
ears- It appears T^050^168 L' tolai’ Tabas.but is much smaller with proportionately longer
Very possibly be tl ° i'° the common species of the Kdshghar and Yarkand plains, and may
e are noticed by Prejevalski near Lake Lob.
44. Lepus pamirensis. PI. V, fig. 1 ; PI. Va, fig. 1.
’ • -A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 110. — Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4, xvi, p. 229.
*uPerne nigrd mGnar™s ve^ fusco-imbellinm, infra albas, nropygio albescenti-cinereo ; cauda
vellere denso, molli lCU^anm marginibus superioribm extus nigris ; pectore pallide rufo;
firn>inati$ interm/ -/■ Pr terminal now- ^ a° ' a^ove ’ Iace and anterior portion of the ears the same colour as the
p. .l£e- Pur Bno c^°n o£ cars black outside the edge ; breast light rufous ; lower parts, as usual,
^lG termer slat ^ S°££’ C0T1S^S^J1S at the base of fine woolly fibres mixed with coarser
are Wn’-^e ^ps beino-^ £or ab°ut half an inch, then pale-rufous passing into duskv-
bla hoar the b SaiK ^ throughout the fur coarser and longer piles are scattered ; these
P ' C v at the ends. T|M' t1le back, showing conspicuously amongst the grey under-fur, and
tliM °n ^le middle f b0ltiori of the fur is darker on the rump, sides, and shoulders,
the KCk’ but only t ti l° back- There are no hlack or dusky tips to the fur in general on
l0n )acb 1 to pi scattered longer hairs. Length of ordinary hairs on the middle of
llaiiv Tke nape, sid.C l0Uger Piles i to f inch more. On the rump, as usual, the hair is
8amS being slaty.5o.re es °/ tke neek ancl breast are pale rufous, or rufescent isabelline, the
b;iS(; Producing a ^ ? le distinct white cheek bands, and by having black tips to the dorsal
^Jtoderfui darker S WaS^ 0n ba°k- The fur is rather softer, and the colouration
sam P Very little palei>Ur 1S li®llt 8aQdy-brown, much mixed with black on the back ; the
Wecoi°Ur as the ba k . + ratIler lono> Wa°k above ; face and anterior portion of ears the
W(Vn *°r half an inch °r Moulders, sides and rump, paler in the middle of the back), then
Soat;>nd is 8andy.br0™ ’ at first) becoming darker away from the body, the portion near
an,i 1 1 Gd are whit’ ^ tlle tip itself in man^ liairs black on the back only. The longer
Piles 1fVe tbe distal ^ Pase’ and conspicuous amongst the finer grey woolly fur,
slaty alf an inch mm, Ky 1)lack- Length of ordinary fur on the back 1| inches, the longer
I'aCe at tke base, but^tl • Nape’ baep and sides of neck and breast pale rufous ; the hairs dark
’dac]v-Sandy‘bl'own, fuj, s colour on the nape is only perceptible quite close to the skin,
the evPdes ai'e scatter 1§ fi ^ ^ base’ ^ien chocolate-brown ; the tips very pale sandy ; longer
, ' e P^e, but there ' loupbout'- A faint line from the nose to the eye, and hair around
am white 1 y° d^s^net white band. Upper and shorter whiskers black, lower
the tiri Xl°V edge whiteaC near.tPe base- Lars in front sandy brown like the face ; hair on
>Pj black, this colo 5 P(,)St°rior Portion of outer surface pale rufous or buffy-wliite,
MAMMALIA.
69
the
lo
th
near
aiaro1 lac'k, this i ’ ^ SLenor
posted bpair inside th 1 1 UnnPl» as a narrow line for some distance down the posterior
I r°af 01 °dge dusky p,.0 Cai mostfy white, buff towards the edge, darker band inside the
black Saudy rufori °Wn’ n°b mucb developed. Hind-legs on outside, and fore-1*
Th ' ,T)llSP°ut above ' darber- diair of tail white throughout below and on th
hr
legs in
the sides,
t'25 V ’ tiair at end of ,e .duucnsii ons of the skins : length, nose to rump, 17‘5 ; tail (verte-
aeadfh of ca, , a ’ “ ’ length of ears from head, 5*2 ; length of ears from orifice,
Paj^.'^kull (p] ya aid Hat, 2*5 ; tarsus to end of claws, 4*9.
Parietal’ tllc nasals h ^ dlffers much both from that of L. yarkandensis and that of L.
lolW-^inu or sincim? ^ucil more abruptly truncated behind than in either, and the
h°th 3*^ the dinien PU Pa^er* Lhe size is about the same as that of the latter. The
cilnens is iUl^)e^^aS5 ^he length being only approximate, as the occipital portion in
£" -w
breadth
ica,uta a„_
fl'idtb |,et, "S Z'f8'°matic arches
Do. - , V0(!n oi-tits
-U°. 0£ e ULts
be,lgth of behind postorbital processes
^idth of j bones
Do do* behind
do* in front
Metre.
•090
•041
•024
•013
•036
•017
'0105
Inches.
3-55
1-62
0-93
0- 52
1- 42
0-66
0-41
s
70
SECOND YARKAND MISSION,
Metre.
Inches*
. -016
0-62
. -006
025
. -012
0-48
. -022
0-88
. -0625 1
2-47
. -037
1-48
Length of six upper molars taken together
Do. of palate behind palatine opening
Breadth of palate between 3rd pair of molars .
Length of palatine opening • •••••
Do. of lower jaw from the angle to the anterior alveolar
margin
Height of do 'U3' J-"*° ^ Qf
This species inhabits the outer hills of the Thian Shan range north and north-^es
Kashghar, and is frequently referred to in Dr. Stoliezka’s diary; it appears to he very a
Lepus stolicz/canus is perhaps allied to L. lehmcmni of Severtzolf, the hare of ^ ^
Turkestan. The latter, however, is described as having the ears but little longer than^f
head.2 The colouration, too, presents several differences, as will he seen from the fol 0 ^
description of L. lehmcmni i “The colour is just like that of L. timiclus ,3 the shoulder ‘
back are yellowish grey brown ; each hair is marked with black and light yellowis
rings ; the flanks are lighter, in summer they are yellowish-grey, and ash coloured m ^
the nose, cheeks and tip (? top) of the head are grey ; the nape of the neck is greyis 1 y
with soft unicolorous hair ; the throat and breast as far as the front legs are greyish y
the hair being brownish yellow with grey tips ; in summer the underfur on the c ^
portions of the animal is light brown grey, and in winter grey ; the tail is white with * ^
black line on the upper portion; the belly is white. The ears are greyish white with ^
centre line of the colour of the back on the exterior, and with a narrow black edge
terminal half of the ear.” t j
The colour of the neck in L. stoliczkanus is pale rufous, not greyish yellow, an
ears are very light brown, not greyish white ; besides several other differences. }e5
9fi'
L. tolai, both of which are found, according to Pallas, (Zoog. Ros. As. I., p. 149,) ^gl
Trans-Baikal region and the deserts of Mongolia ; and L. hybridus{?) from the Altai naouh ^
We have as yet no satisfactory information as to the hare or hares found in Afghanis a
Northern Persia. , v
No species is enumerated amongst the animals brought from Eastern Tibet J ^
David, and described by M.M. Milne-Edwards,4 whilst the only form observed by
traveller in Northern China was L. tolai (Nouvelles Arch, du Mus., 1867, Vol. Ill," A*
' ' " 11 J J“ — :i"1 ““ 7/‘ p
P
0
are very ngnt Drown, not grey isn w niie , ubmucs scyokm 0C
The other hares hitherto described from Central Asia, besides Hodgson’s two ^
already mentioned, L. oiostolus and L. pallipes, are L. tvaiidus, L., (A. variabilis. Pa • ^ ^
p, 27). Eurther to the north-east a hare was found by Radde and described as L- ^
shuricus,5 6 and from Eastern or South-Eastern China another form is known, L. sinens
the £ List of the specimens of mammalia in the British Museum’ (1843), p. 126, a Lepus
> Turk. Jev., p. 83 ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Aug. 1876, Ser. 4, Vol. xviii, p. 169. b,
* In the original description of L. stoliczkanus I stated that the ears in L. lehmanni were the same length as tn
the complete translation of Severtzoff’s descriptions subsequently published in the Annals and Magazine of Natural I *>> 1
ears are said to be “ longer than the head : if bent forward along the side of the head, they extend beyond it about 6-7 ^ ^
dimensions of the ears in the dried specimens of L. stoliczkanus show that the difference in length in this species wou
3 That is the L. europmis of Pallas, L. timidus of some modern authors, not of Linnaeus,
is of course, L. variabilis of Pallas.
4 Nouv. Arch. Mus., 1871, vii, Bull. p. 90.
5 Radde, Bull. Acad. St. Pet., 1861, iv, p. 52.
6 Gray and Hardwicke, Illustrations of Indian Zoology ; see also Blyth, J. A. S. B., 1861, xxx, p. 90.
The true L. timidus
of P"D
MAMMALIA.
71
is quoted with, as
s^u^s of Hares ?ri'Vm’ var'iabilis altaica, Everm. (sic.) ; and again, in Gray’s notes on
ls is doubtless L ■ Ul ^le British Museum, a Lepm altaicm, Brandt1 is mentioned.
|_,lu find no description ob Bitzinger*. Neither writer gives any reference, and I
j l Hentifies the sne ° ^ ° sPec*es b7 either Brandt or Gray. Waterhouse in his mamma-
■*«**•, Hosm aC|11U'n thus named, which is said to he from the Altai mountains, with
h° lecfi°uJ and the loc u S?ecimen in tIlG British Museum was from M. Brant’s (? Brandt’s)
°Use 8 identificatinn a 1 { ls therefore possibly correct, but I cannot but think that Water-
10U ueeds confirmation.
^ Family — LAGOM YTDM
GUntht!r ^AG05IYS —SIS. pi. VI, fig. y . Pi. VII/ fig. 2 ; PL Vila, fig. 1.
a| ^at- Hist., Ser. 4, xvi, p. 231.-W. Blanf. J.A.S.B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 110.
r ^Hodgson’ °1CZka’ 1865> xxxiv, Pt. 2, p. 108.— Anderson, P.Z.S., 1871, p. 562,
lhra> Karin Q r Pi , ,
^ . 1 Ue kwv'h Ladak.
PlttnT^ rotmdatislde Cenmus’ seu rufescenti-fulvus, dorso in (estate magis rufescente ,
l0n \ e°> a piciali ’ m!JUscu^s> extus ferrugineis, velleris dorsalis dimidio basali nigrescenti-
nigris ag l>num rufesoente, tunc demum albescenti-isabellino , pilis nonnullis
au^°ente> vibrissis sun °JSWn ™liermixtis, ventre pedibusqne pallide fulvis, capite antice
('ula> tarsi 1‘5 poii°r^US n^r^s> wiferioribus albis. Long, iota circa 9, cranii 2' 25,
1. skin. Ckagra n
the two last 1 1 °r Ban®on§’ Ikke • 3, 4, skins, 5, skeleton, Rimdi, 17,000 feet ; 6, skin, Kiziljilga, (both
o Gogra nortl 68 are on Ble Bigh plateau north of Ladak) ; 7,8, skins without labels, probably from
,°me years „ ’ ’ lmdL
eS** mUch befter^tl1 JescribinS the Lagomys from Upper Sikkim,5 1 pointed out that
it
sPecies setter witB i\/r tt ~ uu,»
fifitixi , eri’ed t0 the 1 tt ^ Hodgsons description of L. curzonice than did the Ladak
ti°n w 1 ^Useum, and Dr ^ ^r' ®b°Bczka, Mr. Hodgson’s types were presented to the
j,as ^ct, anfi ^ r‘ ~ anther has recently examined them, and finding that my sugges-
j.'0 ^ ^l°lic2ka’g fi a • . Badak species is different, he has named the latter L. ladacensis.
Ul sPecimens ,,-r ®CriPBon is excellent and is here copied. He states that it is founded
on
> ' ^^liezka’c Bie Ladak species is different, he has named the latter L. ladacensis
^^^^rtionlsexc
brown G|T'al hue of ’ the which exact measurements are given : —
^u‘ lo\ver , " ^Ifitish, with f61 Hiff, fulvous, with very slight rufous tint and tipped with dark
fuO PJl> more than faij^uceut dusky blue. The larger hairs of the fur measure about |th of an inch ;
1 < Uriily ’ a,1d the tin ,]. i,8. ^1C'r Bngth, of a dark, slatj'-blue colour, with silky lustre ; the next portion
U^uished from r°Wa or Uaek. The fur is full and very soft, as Hodgson remarks, and can be
„ A»n. k a of A. rufescens, Gray. Chiefly in old specimens, there are, on the sides
, bb. K a, Hist i8fi, „
Bod eutTJ Akad- Wiss. w; „ ’ 5.er'. 3- «. P- 223.
i8^r;:fvi>vn
P,6r %ure i8/-
Cl., 1867, Ivi, 1 Abt. p. 165.
the "PpH504 ^ter vfi^.reSentiDg this
ttnsati
ilsfaet0
r r Vestur6) on pj5 yjIS sPe°ies and L. auritus, a mistake has been made. It was proposed to figure L. ladacensis
" auritus. pj ^ 0‘ l°wer figure in PI. VI is L. ladacensis in winter dress, but is somewhat too dark ;
d'AS.B '0Wer figure sboum’ ^ 's ladacensis in summer dress. The colouration of both figures in Plate VI
’ ^2. *i; _ _ e much more buff, the upper figure browner and less yellow.
■ xli.
P- 35.
72
SECOND YARICAND MISSION.
of the upper portion of the body, a few long hairs intermingled, which measure up to one and a quarter mch
these are almost or entirely of a black colour. i i the regt
On the lower part of the body the hairs are, for two-thirds of their length, dark slaty-blue, am
pale. * , h
The head measures nearly always one-fourth* of the total length of the animal. The hairs on it ar ^ ^
shorter, and tinged with a dark rufous tint above ; on the sides of the snout they are pale grey ; in front ° is
eyes and below,' "pale white ; while on the sides of the head itself there is a slight rufous tint marked, w ^
a little stronger all round the neck, and extends somewhat further back on the upper body. The hairs roiin ^ ^
neck are rather longer, but only half their length of the slaty colour, the rest being pale rufous ; but a
them are tipped with black. . g 9re
The end of the snout and of the upper and lower lips are dark blackish. The hairs of the moustac^ ^
very long, some of them measuring three inches ; the upper ones are chiefly black ; the lower white
black, half white. The ears are comparatively rather large, oval, terminating with a very obtuse pom* J g0
arc well covered with hair, thickest on the outside : the hairs on the inner surface being pale yellow, ' ^
the outer much longer and softer, and distinctly rufous. The feet and soles are, in accordance with the g ^
hue, of a pale fulvous colour-, only still lighter, and slightly, and only partially, tinged with a rusty >
toes are black, claws long and dark-brown.
The young animal does not differ in colour very much from the old one. It is usually much pa ’ ^
'the difference between the hue on the upper and lower portions of the body is far less distinctly marked^ ^
slaty hue of the inner fur is also more translucent, and the rufous tint on the head and the hinder pa*-t
ears not so strong. , ,ire *>s
The measurements, in inches, of three specimens from Rupshu, the eastern province of LadaK, *
follows : —
Total length of the animal
Length of the skull .......
Proportion of the length of the skull to the total length
"W id th of the skull
Porportion of width to length of the skull .
Length from the snout to the eye
Length from the eye to the ear
Length of the ear .
"Width of the ear .......
Proportion of the width to length of the ear
Length of fore-foot and nails .....
Length of the hind-foot and nails ....
(a) Young specimen from above the Gyagar lake in Rupshu.
(/,) An old, full-grown specimen from near Kozak on the Chomoriri lake in Rupshu. $
(c) Judging from the teeth, this seems to be a very old specimen, from the east side of the LaDa
west of Hanle. _ ^ sotfe
This latter specimen has the fur considerably worn off and injured. I found in the skin of this ^
other specimens, which I shot in the Ruga valley, a great number of larvae of an (Estrus , which
injury and a sort of roughness of the fur.2 As the tips of the hair get worn off, the hue becomes i
places dark spotted, which is caused by the slaty colour of the interior portions. ^ tl'1 *'
It will be seen from the given measurements that the skull of the young animal is, in proportion
entire body, a little longer and broader than that of the adult, and the ears are also somewhat larger ( ■
These proportions may be often observed in mammalia of different ages. ^r(,c H-
Zagomys cwrzonim is one of the largest known species of the genus. Our largest specimen ,ncaSwrat£1''
inches, which is only one line less than the greatest measurement of Zagomys alpinus, Pallas. (Vi^e
(a).
(b).
Co).
7-50
9-00
9-50
1-90
2-25
2-37
0-26
025
025
0-87
1-25
1-25
0-46
0-55
052
0-75
1-OC
100
093
1-12
1-12
0'62
1-06
1-00
0'56
0-87
081
0-90
0-82
0-81
0'87
1-12
112
1-25
1-50
1-43
tSSl
1 One-fifth in the original, but this is evidently, lirom the measurements, a slip or misprint.
2 Anderson, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 563, says the worn condition and roughness of the fur is noticed
exposed to become rubbed, as on the lumbar region, nimp and sides, and he rejects Stoliczka’s
borne in mind that Stoliczka made his observations on fresh animals
on those parts whk b*
explanation. But S
MAMMALIA.
73
house,
}'ounger.i I observed ^°^ent’a> P- 16). Mr. Hodgson's specimens were much smaller, and probably
"1(;hes ]one, e seveial which were not longer than seven inches, but most of them were about nine
or j}]U;ese ^ 'Iwzab called L. curzonia, Phise-karin, which means, as I was informed, tailless PAise.
,2"^ JJ^e-karSZ!'l Phaiomys leucurus ,3 which lives here associated with the lagomys and Arctom/ys.
"am(! Ahra ; it , ** 1 was tol(l is Tibetan, and the Ladak name for I. curzonice is Salra. TT 1 “ — il
no,lnced; mothe;rWeVer,Welll"a that the letter
Ihe fi ls> D°t so.
^ valley atP T°-There 1 met with L. curzonm was a little above the junction of the Chomoriri with the
tL y g ot aVm‘ 15,
truS) P| ,
„ ^ curzonice ran ^rctom^s ^obac, Sehreber.
1^>672 i'ee^ wh^ur,5 ju>wover> somewhat higher. I noticed it on the top of the Lanak pass at an elevation
Hodgson gives the
before many words is, in some parts of Tibet, pro-
500 feet above the level of the sea. It does not live usually at a lower
"**D v-nomoriri — ; 35 ‘n the lower parts of the Puga valley (14,500 feet), it is always scarce.
,"»rnsi Blytb) and 4 a ve> where there is comparatively plenty of vegetation, it is associated with Phaiomys
l0werins
g in August T ^ ^W° m^nu^e pl ;urls existed — Stracheya tibetica, Pth., and Capsella thomsoni, Hf. — both
I’1 eics of Procarduf'n^ * ^°UU^ associated with Corvus tibetanus , Hodgs., Gyps fufous, Gmel., and a new
, sei'ved anim„i v» . 5 ,llJiong birds ; an Argynnis among butterflies, and some common flies, forming the highest
“ves
ailittial life in +1 ....
I believe it 686 31lls. In fact, it is difficult to assign a limit to the height up to which L. CMTzomce
Very near it. -ge^an”es as high as any trace of vegetation exists, which would be here about 19,000 feet,
or
anee all
, . over tho „ !'GeU the two given limits of the Para valley and 19,000 feet, it is seen in great abund-
^nowl^ ‘ ~~ , -
K'r to the ,,.,.4 ' U? ot'"er Pngorays here, — at least, none so common. Its geographical range must extend
Of 1884 and souths A , ■ , 1. 1- /--X,.
l^ovrledo.,, n portion of Ladak. It is certainly the species of Adams and Cunningham, as there
* .0
°1: Iiahoul tli m aVe ,Klt °bserved it south of the Baralatse range, either in Spiti or in the south-eastern
°f Sikkifa ?i t south-east, as Mr. Hodgson obtained his specimens from the district of Chumbi (north
r _i . '* A have rir.4- -1 *1 .1 r> n -r» i , -j1 •_ CL__*x* *_ i.1 XT. x_...
the Chandi
Knln
It
In Spiffs Aanm l ail<^ra va^°y > although Phaiomys
h
rom
leucurus does occur in both provinces, and even in
feet, but usually about 13,000 feet.
(above Lari^° a^i?.CW,'SI0W*'X represented by -the smaller L. roylei, Ogilvy, which there lives between
^ ^h,0(JU feet, but, nanalta nbnnt. 1 $1,000 -Fopt.
Froi
fij
erene
ohf • ~ ^tween tb
flinetl, except 6 suin:mer and winter coat of this species. All the specimens now
I U) : the two wit] 1 1 ,1vv'0 suPPosed to he from Gogra, have evidently acquired their winter
°b their should are undergoing the change ; they have the long pale-coloured winter
•v the first Yark^ai/Sfai ^le ^ne series of specimens in the Indian Museum brought hack
hhireuce hot,,, ant ^xPe(tition with those now obtained, it is clear that there is a considerable
between _ ’ . . „ .
r l :uri<‘d by |j!0 , aers aild rumps, but have not acquired it elsewhere. Of the specimens
J' 11 Procured n,r!"t
and it is uncertain whether the skull is like that of L. laclacensis or that of L. roylei , &c'’
but the latter is more probable.
To the account of the distribution of this Lagomys already quoted from Dr. Stoli°z^
it is only necessary to add that it appears to be extremely common on the plateau not^1 j
Ladak. It was not observed in the Indus Yalley, nor on the Pankong lake, nor is it n°tlC
in Dr. Stoliczka’s diary before reaching Chagra, north of the Pankong lake.
47. Lagomys aueitus. PI. VI, 8 fig. 2 ; PI. Vila, fig. 2.
W. Blanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 111.
L. superne sordide fulvus fmco-lavatus, capite humerisque rufescentibus, auriculis
rotundatis, pilis isabellinis indutis, vellere molli, pilis basin versus nigrcscenti-plunl ^
apices versus in dorso lateribusque isabellinis, fusco-terminatis, subtus albis. Long. ( i'n c
dessicato) lota circiter 7’5, cranii 1'8, auris 1, tarsi 1' 3 poll.
1, skin ; 2, skeleton, with flat skin ; Lukong, on the Pankong lake.
General colour above smoky or wood-brown ; the head, shoulders and rump rather P‘ ^
and more rufous ; lower parts whitish, with the dark basal portion of the hair shewing thr°lk
1 This species is made the type of a distinct genus, Ogotona, by Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1867, Ser. 3, xs, p- ’
characters given, entirely drawn from the skull, appear to he scarcely of generic value.
2 See foot-note p. 71.
IV
MAMMALIA.
75
Scattered ]0jlfl,H\°t\0ra'<'^r b>ng, about
0'9 inch long on the middle of the back, without any
"hat move 8^r lairs’ hlack and glossy (leaden black) at the base on the upper parts, some-
l)v°wn; the g ^ 011 ^le Vies and below, distal portion of the dorsal hairs whitish, tips dark-
1 basal portio 0n S^GS ’ 011 the abdomen the tips of the hair are white ; on the head
lathe,, thinly iu^l ^laPi' is liglit slaty-grey, the tips rufous. Ears large, round, clothed
‘Vs of tiU; gai^ e 1|ear the margin with whitish-brown hairs, and outside with much longer
eet whitish ° C° °Ur' Whiskers fine and long, the upper dark-brown, the lower white.
!>e rather m()^faS,Ures about 8 inches in length, the skeleton 7 (the living animal would
ln Ifeadth ; tn - * 16 eais the dried skin an inch in length or rather more, and the same
, V the skull *+1 en<^ c^aws i‘2 ; carpus to end of claws 07.
UVed, without " lC aaterior and posterior portions of the anterior palatine foramen are
“■'rrovver than ' tendency to a constriction between them. The nasal bones are much
■ '' oylei, and the sincipital portion is more convex ; otherwise there is
Vch
1 fesemkln tne
Thefolh!!?Cel)etweeiltbetAvo.
ln~ aie Ve dimensions of the skull of L. auritus : —
T°tal length
aeross zygomatic arches
W if? °f nasal bonea
*>. tehiud
Do. . „ ■
2jo m tront
„ , .. °f frontal bones between
orbits
*= udinal diameter of orbits (includim
temporal portion)
ransverse diameter of do.
AnteLnLPa-atille °penin- • • • •
i; , eilor diameter of bony palate be-
*** paiatine °pei|big'
benotp0 r.^Upae between last pair of molars
Lenotl, '(■ ,^le ^ uPPei' molars taken together .
rpj . height cif JaW fl’0m angle to sympbysis
tij!lter* It pro!) Irom L. roylei by its much larger ears and by its colour, which is
Cl^ JVhengUnwa J y is I°und in other parts of Ladak.1 Skins obtained at Gilgit and in
Voters betwoov, ^y ^ptain Biddulph,3 however, appear to be intermediate in
of L. auritus : —
Metre.
Inch.
Metre.
Inch.
•044
1-73
.021
0-82
•0215
0-85
•0155
0-6
•016
0-63
•0045
0-18
•0045
0-18
■0055
0-22
•0065
0-26
•005
0-2
•005
0-2
•Oil
0-44
•0115
0'46
•0095
0-38
•010
0-4
•012*
0-47
•013
0-52
•002
0-07
•0075
0-3
•007
0-28
•009
0-37
•009
0-35
•028
1-12
•017
0-67
Ween L- r °ylei and L.
auritus.
48. Lagomys macrotis.
i oi • Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1875, Ser. 4, xvi, p. 231.
^ere io Without i^i.
nthVoUecSaVgle
Si),
3°tious & sIJecimen, without a label, of a Lagomys with the fur in poor condition,
1U:I< c by Dr. Stoliczka. It has evidently been shot when shedding its long
as v, of r
:AKVbu. Leh B°W in Dr. stoiiczk
’ B,» 1877, s]vi p,d^a’ are forthcoming.
’ 1 c> A p. 326.
Stoliczka’s list of his collected specimens as having been procured at Malayan
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
witli t'10
76
winter fur; and as Dr. Stoliczka mentions in his diary that he obtained a Lagomys ,
fur very ragged on the 6th of June at Duba, and as this specimen agrees v ^
Dr. Gunther’s description of the type of L. macrotis, obtained by Captain Biddulp i
same spot, I have no hesitation in concluding that the skin without a label is from
It is the only skin in the whole collection which presents the appearance of having been ^0
when just losing its long winter fur. Duba is a camping ground at an elevation of *
feet on. the north side of the Kuenlun, on the road from Yarkand to Yangi Diwan a
Karakoram pass vid Kugiar. pi'
Although I felt very doutful about it, I referred this skin to L. cmritm until 1 Sct p
Gunther’s description, which is evidently taken from a specimen in better condition-
runs thus : ^ ^
Fur very soft and long, especially on the hind part of the back ; general hue of the upper Parfc®.^hitei
yellow, whitish on the sides and underneath ; a small white patch behind the ear ; feet pure whUe^t ^ ^ e»i-
,ads
veiiuw, wmuBii uu uiie oiuco »uu , . * . , „r pie 1
the hairs of the moustaches white, but some of them black. Apparently no glandular patch belo
Ears very large, well covered with hairs. Soles of the feet covered with short hairs, leaving the pi
toes quite hare.
Inches.
8
Total length
H
if
Length of ear
Length of tarsus, including nails . ^
In the specimen collected by Dr. Stoliczka, the long hair on the back is leaden-b^ ^
the base and for the greater portion of its length, then dirty white, the ends being 6
a few hairs having black tips. But the new short fur which is growing between the F ct)
of the Ion" hair is brownish, precisely as in L. auntus. I am strongly disposed to ,)Vd
indeed, that L. auritus is the summer, L. macrotis the whiter garb of the same speci '' |n
colo^e
maeeu, mi -u- ^ > — ■ - inrce1' .
there are one or two differences which require explanation. The feet appear ‘ ^ ^ ;
LiLtiio aic vr* v " w * _ . i
L macrotis , and the pads of the toes are black, whilst in L. auntus they are pale -- w.
in the former the long hair of the forehead is lead black at the base, in the latter p1 _ l)Ut
The feet and lower parts generally are white in L. macrotis, huffy white in L. aw 1
this may be seasonal. _ J , „ , , , , cHn of tllC
The skulls are very similar. Erom the imperfect skull extracted from th .. v
specimen referred to L. macrotis , I take the following measurements
Total breadth across zygomatic arches
Length of nasal bones
Width of do. behind
Do. do. in front .
Do. of frontal bones between orbits
Longitudinal diameter of orbit .
Transverse diameter of do.
Length of palatine opening
Antero-posterior diameter of bony palate behind palatine
opening ....••
Width of palate between last pair of molars
Length of 5 upper molars taken together .
Length of lower jaw from angle to symphysis
Height of do, i
Metre.
Inches.
•02
0-81
•016
0-63
-005
0-2
•0055
0-22
•005
0-2
■012
OMS
•01
0-39
•013
0-54
•002
0-07
•009
0-35
•009
0-35
•03
1-2
•017
0-7
/
MAMMALIA. 77
49, Lagomys griseus, PL VII, fig. 1 ; PL Vila, fig. 3.
Zfto W- BIante J- A- s- B > 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. Ill,
!(>n!jato. nioiii^ m^us albas, ad dorsum frontemque leviter rufescenti-lavatus, relieve
psis nonnullis fusc'^ ^wm^eo~nigro, apices versus in dorso lateribusqne griseo, apicibus
exernPlo nttpet. 0 ?ClS ’ aur'dms magnis rotundatis, pilis sparsis albidis indutis. Long, in
* &° ’ capitis 1‘75, auris 1‘4, tarsi 1’3 poll.
G-0ri0ra^ anJu l>ass> south of Yarkand, Kuenlun Eange.
!JU' ^ce and 4 'Ll- grey (almost chinchilla colour) with
a slightly rufescent tinge on
and hack 1 a ,y Lumost cl11
q hack, gl0Ssy ’ ] wlLtc. Pur veiy soft, about 09 inch long in the middle of
ds the
hi, iW^ite. Jiajr/lji'IS are brownish. The sides are almost pure light ashy, rump still paler,
on* V’ ^l0 terminal °U 4ace l°ng, on "the forehead about half an inch, the basal portion
vi|) >\ e s*des of the*0! ^ ^§ht- brown on the forehead, greyer on the nose, and pure grey
rissaa wldte thr .leafB A tew of the upper whiskers are black, all the longer and lower
• Ears large, round, with rather thin white hairs inside, very short
'te hairs wkicl T®131’ white on the outside, black on the inside, outer surface covered with
don] 1 1° tellowii) <>• 1 )<:'< ()1Tle l0^ near the base of the ear.
are i 8 th°se ofbf]IUeaS^reinerits are taken from one of the tickets, and consequently are
a< ded for Crm U-' au*mal when freshly killed ; the measurements from the dried skins
“mpamon with other species
^ 1 h.j ^lOSSV 1 1 ^ JL 111 vtl^y bUIlj clljUUt v/ V IIILII 111 LJLL(_y JXLICILIjLG Ol
the*'8** towards Base> an<^ tor about two-tliirds of its length very pale,
u lips of an a . e eil(d, the extreme tips of many hairs dark-brown, and on the hack
eet u tile hairs arc mu...
Total lent
Fresh specimen. Dried skins.
■th
fete of ear
feb of do.
Len&th from
Do.
Do.
The f n E°' hmd-foot
et0ll^gai.ethe
nose to eye
do. to base of ear
tore-foot
Total length
^■breadth
Le
nCllfctll , *
Width0f cwal,b°nes
measurements of a skull barely adult : —
across zygomatic arches
Do.
Do.
of do. behind
. „ d°- in front
-LI 0, f • •
hongitndiv,1?11,.11 ^°nes between orbits
Transv ^tehameter of orbit .
h^tb of reterof do.
breadth of ** fe opening
Anter0-post . behind
teidth of J diameter of bony palate behind palatine
Length of f, 6 etween last pair of molars
D°, 0£ jo^ e ulJPer molars taken together
height of doGF ^VV Bom an§ic to symphysis
opening
Inches.
Inches.
7
6'5 to 7‘5
1-4
1-1
1-3
1-
0-9
1-7
-
0-8
0-8
1-3
1-3
Metre.
Inches.
■044
1-75
•022
0-86
•0155
0-6
•005
0-2
■0055
0-22
•006
0-23
•Oil
0-45
•009
0-36
•013
0-52
•006
0-23
•002
0-08
•0075
0-3
•009
0-36
•029
112
•017
0-7
u
78 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
A comparison of these measurements with those given for L. auritus will show how ^
close they are to each other ; the principal distinction being that in L. griseus the nasals
broader behind, and the posterior portion of the palatine opening is much more open
L. auritus. There are also important external differences between the two species ; the
in L. griseus is longer and rather softer ; it is especially longer on the face, and has al
basal portion in that region black, whilst in L. auritus the basal portion of the hairs on
head is light-grey. The general colour of the two species, too, is quite different, L.
being brown, whilst L. griseus is grey. liffef8
From L. macrotis the present species is distinguished by colour, and the skull ^
in the same characters as it does from that of L. auritus; the nasal bones being
behind and the posterior portion of the palatine opening more open. The bony orbits also
rather smaller in L. griseus. , oatl
The nasal bones of L. griseus approach in shape those of L. roylei, being nearly as
behind as in front, but they are longer. gUb-
It appears possible that L. auritus, L. griseus, and L. macrotis are all races on ^
species of one "typical form just as L. roylei, L. nipalensis, and L. tibetanus appear
All these forms are very closely connected. ^eSt
The other species of Lagomys known from Asia are L. roylei,1 from the Nortn- ■
Himalayas, L. hodgsoni • from the same region, considered subsequently by its &es
identical with L. roylei, L. nipalensis ,3 from Nipal, and L. curzonice 4 from the Cliumbi
north-east of Sikkim. By Mr. Waterhouse5 L. nipalensis was considered a distinct eg ^
but Mr. Blyth6 united it, as well as his own species L. hodgsoni, to L. roylei. As
under L. ladacensis Dr. Stoliczka, in 1864, 7 identified the common Lagomys of LadaK
L. curzonice, but the species occurring in Sikhim was found to agree better 8 with Mr-
son’s description than the Ladak form did, and I consequently suggested that the latter ^ ^
prove to be an undescribed species, whilst I was disposed to consider the true L. y
a variety of L. roylei. Dr. Gunther has, however,9 recently examined the species repr000 ^
in the British Museum, and he considers L. curzonice a well marked and distinct species,
from his description I am inclined to doubt if the Sikkim form is really L. curzonice. ^
An additional species has been admirably described and figured from Moupin in
Tibet by A. Milne-Edwards10 under the name of L. tibetanus : this, however, appears
closely allied to L. roylei and L. nipalensis. u jc
The above are all from the Himalayan ranges and Tibet, but the genus is also ^ ^
presented in Northern Asia, where the three oldest known species occur. These w C* ^
cribed as long ago as 1778 by Pallas11 as Lepus pusillus, L. alpmus, and L. ogotona ; * j 0{
from the Southern Ural, the second from the Altai, and the third from the neighbour1^ ^
Lake Baikal and the deserts of Mongolia. To these a fourth was added by Pallas
1 Ogilby in Boyle’s illustrations of the Botany. &c., of the Himalayan Mountains, p. lxix. ph 4.
2 Blyth, J. A. S. B„ 1841, x, p. 816, PI. at p. 844.
3 Hodgson, J. A. S. B., 1841, x, p. 854, PI. at p. 816.
4 Hodgson, J. A. S. B., 1857, xxvi., p. 207.
3 Mam., ii, p. 24.
3 Cat. Mam. Mus. As. Soc., p. 133.
7 J. A. S. B., 1865, xxxiv, pt. 2, p. 108.
8J. A. S. B„ 1872, xli, p. 35.
a Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, xvi, p. 230.
10 Rech. Mammiferes, i, p. 314, PI. XLVII1 and XLIX.
n Glires, pp. 28-70, Tab. I, II, III and IV.
12 Zoog. Ros. As., i, p, 152.
I
MAMMALIA.
79
North-Eastern Sibe *
4ri(l figured bv q .)eria and called L. hyperboreus. Of the latter, four varieties are described
From from the Amur.
ribed by Orav2 r'*n ^K)l','1 2'0J1 °f Central Asia two species have been obtained: L. rufescens,
l((,ently described 1 ^^hamistan, and since found by myself in Persia; 3 4 and L. rutilus
•V( Ho\v m winter wh'l evei'tzf>ff 1 from Western Turkestan. The latter is described as greyish-
summer it is ^ „ 1 a admixture (? down the back) beginning from the nape. In
('n ffris species wer iei^'re^ akove) whh the throat chesnut. Length 8| inches. Some notes
^ r stilus js distbiw ^ t0 me ^ Nfr. Dresser who obtained them from Dr. Severtzoff.
4n(l middle of t]H. ln^L|is*iect from L. rufescens by complete absence of white on the muzzle
aaks> throat, and o'3 1 ^ *nner Parts of all four legs, all these parts being light buff ; the
Ini ' SOnie hlack hair S1<*0 ^le fulveseent rufous. Upper parts greyish fulvous mixed
jllstles (vibriS(la^ £S, ears ^rge, covered with short, harsh, greyish fulvous hair, moustaehial
v’Mfi^hag ^ee ’! Vous> a few being black, nails black. The above is the winter dress.
' sll"har. ound in the ranges near Vernoe and Auliata, north and north-west of
Order— UNGULATA.
Sub-order ARTIODACTYLA.
Xh,
lj 2> Thian-Shi
6 t\Vo
Family — S UIDJE.
50. SUS SOKOVA, VAB. NIGBIPES.
W- Flanf., J. A. S. B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 112.
mountains near Kashehar.
of ^ in external^cil^ brou§'llt» skins with skulls, are of large size, and appear to agree
the 1(! ^0re and h; Claracters with the common European tvild boar, except that the whole
«l„!^ ^ the
greater part of the legs, arc nearly black. Elsewhere
l°rter °Ur is dull +i —
br0|Vn w°°lly hairs • t,l U5' mtlier fight-brown, the fur consisting as usual of long bristles and
With h’. ^tter rathe ^1 ^0rUler hlack, except towards the ends, where they are pale yellowish-
>i,()wn hair davi'61 1~'lt Fair-brown ; just around the eye is black ; and the ears are clothed
severaj 6 skuFs are yj* tkat °f the head and back.
1 1 Un,,.umarked Fifferenc Slm^ar ^10se °f the European wild boar, but present, nevertheless,
oCei M 1 y* The first, r u°S ^rorri the only example I have for comparison, that of a male from
With th Ffane makes _erence t° he noticed is that, in both the skulls from Turkestan, the
pav0(.(,U . SuP(wior SUrfS a more °htuse angle with the base of the skull, and a more acute
the Phal a< l than in the Eiivrvnpnn cl-ril 1 Tn flm Tnvlrpsfn.n slrulls flip st.vlif
one
iu the European skull. In the Turkestan skulls the styliform
Lll! _ J°nger, straighter and less divergent; the auditory bullae larger ;
ossified posteriorly, so that the hindermost portion of the nasal
1 t> •
2 Ih' 11 ■ Forsch. im Amur-lande, i , p. 147, pi. VII, VIII.
3 p'11'- Ma" Nat. Hist., 1842, Ser. 1, x, p. 266.
4 Inrl- ' r P°rsia’ P- 83, pi. VI, %. 2.
‘ JeV-’ P- 83, Ann. Mag., Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, xviii, p. 168.
Ji
80 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
passages is not completely divided. The palatine bones terminate near their suture m s^y
points projecting backwards. The anterior palatine foramina are shorter, broader, ana
differently shaped, being much more oval and not acuminate behind. The zygomat
is deeper, and the ante-orbital foramen is less open and has a thread-like horizontal P
stretched partly or completely across its orifice. _ >JS T
How far these differences entitle the Thian-Shan pig to specific distinction I c
say without much better means of comparison than I possess at present. If the c 1
differences pointed out are never found in European pigs, and if the black legs are e4 £
unknown in typical Sus scrofa, the animal of Turkestan may have fair claims to he sepa
The following are comparative measurements of the two skulls from the Tluan-
mountains, and of the Hungarian skull already referred to—
Length, of the skull from occipital condyle to anterior margin
of premaxilla
Height of whole skull and lower mandible . . • •
Length of superior surface from occipital crest to anteiioi
margin of premaxilla
Length of superior surface from occipital crest to anterior
margin of nasal bones
Breadth of skull across zygomatic arches ....
Ditto between orbits
Ditto across sinciput where narrowest in front of
occipital crest.
Length of all the upper molar teeth taken together.
Ditto from hinder edge of bony palate to anterior margin of
premaxilla
Breadth of palate between anterior premolars
Ditto ditto last molars .
Length of anterior palatine opening
Breadth of ditto ....
Length of lower jaw ....
Height of ditto ....
Yarkand-
Hungarian.
r
s
$
$
Metre.
Metre.
Metre.
•377
■352
•372
•250
•226
•239
•431
•405
•397
•219
•207
•207
•179
•158
•160
•098
•083
•098
•020
•020
•024
•131
•128
•122
•260
•248
•262
•054
•044
•050
•036
•029
•032
•018
•017
•u20
•008
•0075
•006
•315
•291
•305
•140
•136
•136
it I have no
means of
Whether this form is the common pig of Turkestan or not
taining ; neither Severtzoff nor Prejevalsld mention any peculiarities m the 0 ^
structure of the wild swine noticed by them. The only Central Asiatic hog hit ie*
guished from S. scrofa is the S. moupinensis of A. Milne Edwards 1 from. Eastern 1
it is uncertain whether this is not Himalayan (i. e., oriental) and not .Tibetan.
0'
t oi
0'
&&
Family — BOVIDJE.
51. OVIS KABELINI.
Severtzoff, Turk. Jev., pp. 84, 86, 150, Pis. I, V, fig. 3, VI, figs. 3, 4 Ann. Mag- ^at
Ser 4, xviii, pp. 171, 210, 217,— V. and B. Brooke, P. Z • S-, 1875, p 512.
Ovis poll, Stoliczka, P Z. S., 1874, p. 425, Pi. LIII, (figwa mala), nec Blyth.
1 Eedh. Mam., I, p. 377, Pis. LXXX, LXXXI
'
MAMMALIA.
81
Ovf/hiZ ?™Z'Slan' Bi(ldulpl1’ P’ Z S- 1875> P- 157"
Knlja, Turki Qf K ^ JA.S.B., 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 112, nec Severtzoff.
or G// // /‘i . . .
J ’ S ; Arka (?Arhdn) 5 ; Kirghiz.1
north ^ ’ s^'ns> skeleton, head wanting ; unlabelled, but apparently all from the mountain ranges
rtn-west of Kashghar.
A lapgQ collect*
* ^•^shgliar 1°U1 °*' sPec7mens of tlie wild sheep inhabiting the mountains north-west
(° Action, inclndii .^rf ^ ^r" ®toliczkaa J hut after his death a considerable part of the
ju<‘nt> the greater ° a ■ ^le ^nes^ specimens, was distributed with the consent of the Govern
he care and w-| jP01^on ^ecoming private property. The distribution was made with
J potion belouo>e(/ S° W;inton a disregard of the interests of Government, to whom
. M letons, esunoWiiJ11' °7 Br- Stoliczka’s memory, that even the heads belonging to two
so
the
rica, were given away. There
is v especiallv * ® inumuiy, xiiaL gvgil
^ r(^son to believe" p10Parec^ Om* karelini and Capra sibirL
w h'. Stoliczka l + ^wo skulls of the true O. poll of the Pamir were brought away
Usfn.w, 5 u both were removed from the collection before it reached the Indian
^eum.
°Uhe
Jj? several of T?6 sPecimens of O. karelini remaining, none possesses a fine pair of horns ;
: '‘Aed. by j)r ^ are good and well preserved. When making out the list of species
q pn§ by the fio. ° 1Cz^a’ having only Severtzolf’s untranslated work to refer to, I thought,
) ; o uy pne fio. ,, S ouvuri/.un s untransiaiKU vv urn tu rtutu tu, i inuugni,
• alone, that the species might he that described by that naturalist as
, Te brou-w / h Br°okehas
aturalist. n t0 lvasllgb
rPhe f j
aUirl°^Cal ®°ciety ^ n C°P^ °5 Br‘ Stoliczka’s account of this sheep in the Proceedings of the
lad with O .poll ^ c,1" holiozlca,, it should he remembered, has naturally identified the
since shown that the wild sheep, of which so many specimens
ar and presented to the Mission, is 0. karelini of the same
'“na,
as 7dle difference between the two forms was then unknown — ■
■ neek ’ !W WAer dress. .P
die tip " Ilc* above the sl>r n enera colour above hoary-brown, distinctly rufeseent or fawn on the upper
are r 7 ' Bead ‘ 'n"
- - o'oin
abovi
’^ueis, darker on the loins, with a dark line extending along the ridge of the tail to
c UDti at -fi • i . ~ ° °
xne sides a greyish-brown, darkest on the hind head, where the central hairs
4 to 5 inches l0no, — .°'uco “ STe7lsn-Drowib 1
''mbs ci, ,opper neck br,n JD^ 1 .w71'*0 between the shoulders somewhat elongated hairs indicate a short mane.
ttg fr,
generally tinged with fawn ; sides of body and the upper part of the
t, °s shadin,,
ace, all (] ® Ir°m brown t * — o — . — — j — -rr— t — — .
"bite rji, ' e l°'ver parts 0 wbite ; the hair becoming more and more tipped with the latter colour.
Iii-n,... 113 hairs on the V S’ *ad’ anc^ hinder parts, extending well above towards the loins, pure
Ears hoary-
,r°Wr
' II ^
’he ]1,(pXl0tll:hy ; almost J]°'Ver nec^ are vei7 mueh lengthened, being from 5 to 6 inches long,
hghtlv ai°,Uud '’'hem ’n^ernahy. Pits in front of the eye distinct, of moderate size and depth, and
^lH]y , ■ p pip.. I, */ * j v uiouiuvcj ul muuciniio mac aiiu UC^i
:,|>Xe(l led and the ' |S(),newliat darker brown than the rest of the sides of the head. The
b
nose is
" Wig Tn'n*7 1 1 * » ““W oivtoo vx. i/uv iiVWV*. iliC UUOC Xi
scanty) Ve ‘Z e s °P>ng. The hair is strong, wiry, and very thickly set, and at the base inter
ll'ig lsj — uuj ^ ^ a-
s'veep ba^n rphe horns a 06 deee® ’ ^he average length of the hairs on the back is from 2 to 21- inches. The
'VilI,ds a11(j "ards ainl oujl^s“1>tr’angular3 touching each other at the base, curving gradually with a long
°utwards ; ftjei ar s ’ an
beginning of January, it was the rutting season. The characters of the ground upon the Pamir and uPoU
part of the Thian-Shan inhabited by these wild sheep are exactly similar.”
tljr
I find from the skins preserved, that the dark mark above the tail is not const*111 ^
present even in males ; in females Dr. Stoliczka notices that it is deficient. Some spccllia
are far more hoary, especially on the neck and flanks, than others. ^
All the skins of Ovis ltarelini obtained by Dr. Stoliczka appear to have been S\ tO
winter. The animals from which they were taken were, I believe, brought down fr°ze
Kashghar.
MAMMALIA.
83
genera? oni s^eeP in the P. Z. S. for 1871 is unfortunately far from accurate.
'maginary and ?,Ur ls mu°b too rufous
badly draw^ th^ere "
*0,1g bushy tail ° ilcul Ui Lue U!1L mign appears to Deiong xo re, anci xo represenx a
Parts should be rmJ! lea^a^> which is quite short, being indistinct. The white of the lower
the crest along the back of the neck is entirely
j’aaiy drawn, that 7? ^ n° b^acb ^ne ai°nS the back in any of the skins sent. The tail is so
°ng bushy tail <-i. l° bair of the left thigh appears to belong to it, and to represent a
■*rigiual sketch was'6]1 sdlcmbl come further up the flanks ; the horns are ill drawn. The
l(! plate made se^ .7 b' Ungulata Furcipeda, p. 165 (1852) ; Cat. Rum. Mam. R. M.,
Ann> '^^-Severtznff, Turk. Jev., PP. 84-102, 149, PI. II, III, Y, figs. 1, 2, VI, fig. 1;
— "Y andT 1310, Ser. 4, xviii, pp. 210, 220. — Biddulph, P. Z. S., 1875, p. 157.
p. l6gU Bro°be, P. Z. S., 1875, p. 514.— Marco Polo’s travels, Yule’s edition, 1871, i,
17 • ft. ; Tld edition’ 1875> b PP- 18, 185.— Prejevalski, Pet. Mitt., Erg. lift., No. 53, pp. 5,
fe, PP. 8».
Kuchkdr m i ’ °Urne'y to Source of Oxus, p. 241 (edition of 1872).
a e’ mesh> female,3 in Wakhan (Trotter.)
;u"°d in fUo „ l^h'd in the notes on O. Icarelini, no specimens of this magnificent sheep
the — 11 v xvf. Stoliczka when it was received by the Indian Museum,
no
remn : ab'°ad
a n, n°d in tb„ „ lJL LUU nr>tes c
dobau§b froin t]^lection niade by Dr
Sir ij tbal be b1.0l,a?C<)Uribs §XYen by the natives who accompanied liim, there can be
5 jn the “Narrative of progress of Mission to Kashghar and hack to India published in the “ Official Repoit, p- . ^ js i'1
(l e _ 0 hodgsoni) is said to be found on the Tibet border of Kashgharia about Taghdumbash and Muztagh. Taghdum
of the Mustagh range.
I
roin near Tokmak S^eC*es s^leeP described by Severtzoff from Western Turkestan, 0. heinsi
rij°UntainS) north * n°1^1 °f Lake Issyk, and 0. nigrimontana from the Karatau or black
j' ^'°d to 0. p0ii ^le or Jaxartes, are smaller forms, but apparently more nearly
)a% be fonnd tk + • ^arc^n'^ than to any other species of wild sheep. It may not impro-
Ml,'rely raCeg ^ m 1 a Vr mediate varieties occur, and that all these forms of wild sheep are
,l'° those closely ,eSS C01£1l,letely differentiated. It should also be noticed that not only
0 sPecific distinction ‘S^eC^eS ^^higuished on very small data, but that Dr. SevertzolFs ideas
„ The other kn ' ^ 1^t^uce him to class apart forms which other naturalists do not separate.
<>ltris, are 0. (m, °W^ enhral Asiatic wild sheep of the true Argali type, omitting doubtful
auria, but now (vera~0. argali,2 Pall.) formerly inhabiting the Altai mountains and
^Qinorth of j>e].SU^0Sed t°l he almost confined to part of Northern Mongolia, O. jubata 3
Pateau, and 0 brooh m ^°^son^ (the O. ammon of Anglo-Indians generally) from the Tibetan
l0,l to the Am , ^v0i’ unc°rtain derivation, besides O. nivicola 6 from Kamtschatka, nearly
notW group of 1U'ari. wiontana. 0. vignei, 0. gmelini, O. cycloceros and their allies form
species found in South-Western Asia and the Mediterranean area.
The two
MAMMALIA.
85
other
0 53. OVIS NAHTJRA, PI. XIV.
• n°mur, Hodgs A p
• *aioort Hod ’ rt- Ch p. 135, partim.
• Eiytb V 7 « V ' 1885’ ^
P. 868. ’ * 1840, p. 67.— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 1, vii, p. 248.— J. A. S. B., 1841, x,
®b'ls Kahura, JJodo.
P*eudok nakoor 7)’ ^ Gray> List- Spec. Mam. B. M. (1843), p. 170.
(l862)— Adamsp’ J’A‘ S-B-> 1846, xv, p. 343.— Gray, Cat. Mam. B. M., Ung. Fur., p. 177
nahura BWu Z' S'5 1858= P- 527.— Prejcvalski, Pet. Mitt., Erg. Hft., No. 53, pp. 5, 17.
a J.,’ Cat Mam. Mus.
0,
A At ■ i ' ''iu'u‘- -‘-vrus. As. Soc., p. 178. — Jerdon, Mam. Ind., p. 296.
“e-Edwards, Reck.
Mam., I, p. 357, PI. LXVIII, LXIX.
* ’ ”ear Tam’ S-iu valley, Kuenlun range.
(j a ^hieal with n ^ Jerdon, Blyth appears to have ultimately considered his Ovis burrhel
^“'our^^'^ough at tat he looked
The
°ld^e^ the laat STe^n various ways' — nayaur, nahoor, nahur, and nahura. I have
beep \ nartlc> Was c0 * '^USe ^ has been adopted by J erdon and Blyth, and because nayaur , the
Vo| y'^(ui altogeth , e.° °( hy Hodgson himself. I may add that the name appears to have
c°lour and U> aitil°ugh at first he looked upon it as distinct on account of the
rounded horns, but these differences are apparently due to age and
for Hi, Bt° 2 m. ^T’ I°r Hodgson in his original paper in the Asiatic Transactions,
and Jr SQlaher Hinf^ states that the native name for the Ovis ammonia bharal, and
°agson , a^aa sheep nayaur. In truth, the reverse is the case, as is well known,
have confounded the
two. Perhaps it would be more convenient to drop
&&&"****■”■
Peters W ’ P' 21 1
Birth p K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876, p. 177, Pis. 1-4.
Ward,’ P Z s’ r840’ P' 65‘
Esch 7 S” 1874>P. 143.
- Zool. Atlas, p. 71, (i829.)
w
86
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
"Hodgson’s name altogether and adopt Blyth’s 0. bmrrhel for this wild sheep, but the spe
is very erroneous, and, on the whole, it appears as well to keep the name nahura.
In his original description, Hodgson figured and described the skull of a young Ovis ' ^
soni, which he supposed to be that of the male of his 0. nayaur , but the type of the a
species was a female which he had alive. p-d
The only skin obtained from the Kuenlun by Dr. Stoliczka, that of a fine ram, repres
on Plate XIY, closely resembles the animal found in Sikkim. It also agrees precisely
specimens from the North-West Himalayas. . ^jy
The locality at which the Kuenlun 0. nahura was obtained is beyond the pi’eV1° ^
known range of the animal. It has not hitherto been found further west; but Preje'a ^
obtained it on the Altyn-tagh, south of Lob Nor. According to Jerdon it is unkno^.
the Himalaya west of the Sutlej, and is replaced in Ladak and the neighbouring
by 0. vignei. This, however, is not quite correct. Adams has mentioned1 that 0. »a js
is found in the Nubra valley in Northern Laddk, and I learn from Dr. Cayley tto
met with in most parts of Ladak, though it becomes rare to the westward, and tha s ,,
from being replaced by O. vignei, the two species are sometimes found occupying the -
valleys. _ . c;vkiJl1’
The bliaral has a considerable range to the eastward ; it is common m Northern ^y
and it has recently been obtained by Pere David in Moupin, and a specimen from that l°c ^
has been figured by A. Milnc-Edwards, 1. c. The plate represents a young ma e> ^
although the general colouration corresponds with that of the western Tibetan specK’^^.
curve of the horns appears somewhat different, for they rise more above the head in the
pin animal.
54. Capua sibirica.
cchr^'e
Meyer, Zool. Annal., I. 397, (1794) — Ehrenberg., Symb. Phys., dee. II, fob mm. — Wagner, ^
Saugtb. y, pp. 1256, 1297 (1836)— Supp. Pt. iv, p. 490.— Gray, List Spec. Mam. B. M- ( ^
p. 167. — Cat. Ung. Fur. (1852), p. 150. — Cat. Rum. Mam. (1872), p. 52. — Blyth, Cat. ^ 11,11
Soc. Mus., p. 176. — Jerdon, Mam. Ind., p. 292. — Severtzoff, Turk. Jev., p. 102; Aun.
Hist., Ser. 4, xviii, p. 333.
Ilex alpium sibiricarum, Pallas, Spic. Zoob, xi, p. 31 (1776).
Aigoceros ibex, Pall., Zoogr. Ros. As., i, p. 224.
Capra sa/ceen, Blytb, J. A. S, B., xi, 1842, p. 283.
JEgoceros skyn, Wagner, Selireb. Saugth. Supp. iv, p. 491 (1844).
Capra himalayana, Gray, Cat. Ung. Fur. B. M. (1852), p. 150. — Adams, P, Z. S., 1858, p,523- pet-
Capra shyn, Severtzoff, Turk. Jcv., p. 102. — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser, 4, xviii, p, 334. — Prejevab ’
Mith., Erg. IU't., No, 53, p, 5. From Kulja, &c,, p. 45,
TelcJce, $ Kaljdk, S Kashghar.
Rang $ , buz ? , Wakhan,? ^
1-3, $, heads, 4, 5, skins of young $ , with horns, but without skulls; 6-8, ?, skins with skulls; 9,
wanting ; (all without labels, except one female from Tam, Sanju valley ; the others are proba
l'hian-Shan range near Kashghar). jjg'
Of this animal, as in the case of Ovis Jcarelini, all the best specimens appear to
appeared from the collection, and there is not a single skin of an adult male. This is »
1 P.Z. S., 1858, p.527.
1 I am indebted to Captain Trotter and Captain Biddulph for these names. The Kashghar name is from Dr. Stoll02
MAMMALIA.
87
0 be regretted f0
U11(l tliere are ’n °r a^liougli horns abound in collections, perfect skins are excessively rare,
" 11 able to giV(J ^.Ue lu Calcutta. I regret that for want of sufficiently good specimens I am
It should b Sure of tins species.
"p?Y{ 4 'ibirictt oATiWed ^'a^: b*1’- Severtzoff and Colonel Prejevalski distinguish the true
le former states t] V aru^ North-Eastern Turkestan from C. skyn of the Himalayas, but
tlU(l he appeavg \ . ia bis opportunities of comparison are insufficient to decide the question,
% the wiH .£ base his belief in the distinction of the two forms on the differences
lIl?twitbonthe.T±ep °f the. same regions. Colonel Prejevalski refers the animal
J'cause the horns6 U^^US ranSes of the Tliian-Shan east-south-east of Kulja to C. skyn,
"'s character as C^- ' ° to'vai'b-s each other at their extremities, but C. sibirica may vary in
I havi
vyagrus does.
ail(l am inclined. trT ^erna^e shins with Pallas’ original description of the Siberian ibex,
ls ^tlie,, a„.., 0 idicve that they agree, hut that the general colour of the Kashghar ibex
u' s°btary (female) specimen from near Sanju, south of Yitrkand, has
"“wsrior p0r4-; \iemaie; specimen irom near oan
. bbe slvin of ^ ^ * be b'gs brown instead of black, hut this appears due to immaturity,
ba: longer 1^ ° ^ ^ema^e *s dull greyish-brown above, the woolly under-fur being ash-
tim(ler Portion of tr Wn’ w*th pale tips; there is a rudimentary dark streak down the
T|( a*n°r portion }° ^le ears are the same colour as the back, the edges dark-brown,
lj U l the hoof. 0 1 ^lG near the base, whitish, tail blackish-brown, front of all limbs
(•(, of tjle 8 c ai'k brown, almost black in parts, the black extending in a line up the
fd°se to kotk t/ r :Ul<^ Cbgh and being gradually lost. There is black hair all round the
. n Joungej, ail-le 11 110 and supplementary hoofs.
IrieC Specially 'be c°I°ur is paler, and the black marks in front of the legs are less
pig]
' lie only i i nuurs.
Uirve)} |])e ^a * \ male head which retains the skin (the horns are 35 inches long round
' biehes l011o, 18 STeyish-hrown like the rest of the hair, not black ; the hairs being
disf
the 1
’ '»'!>« w T] - — —
arid ayward‘ 8ta| c°l°ur of this head is similar to that of the female.
kn< t1>eSembles the « 1 , * tbe ihex of the Kuenlun near Sanju differs from that of Kashmir
<> s |u'o not so well l ibex” of Batistan. The horns, he adds, appear thinner and the
lrun *ibiriCa ' V'blle(^ as in the animals found in Kashmir and La dak.
\°n the Pan,.- 'S vn<)Wu to extend throughout a large area in Central Asia. It is
^tbthe^r1 in -
Portion fuw'^ban ranges, must be its most western habitat
the* Mbh the Tp- Unb 'n Wakhan,2 and is probably found throughout the Hindu Kush
i,. n,l,lr T)ortt«_ ai'-Shan ran ires. must, he its most, westprn habitat. It extends throughoui
com-
mas
It extends throughout
yet been olw ^ estern Himalayas and the mountainous parts of Tibet, but it
1 * . ri.i.-.i . ' 1 ' ' from the Eastern Himalayas, though I have heard of its occurrence
frontier
tom.
Boy c
•lpUin So°-1
qj g., . To the northward it is found in the Altai and Sayansk mountains
1 )eiaa, south-west of Lake Baikal.
y and tbe numbers are now less
83
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
55. Gazella stjbgetturosa, var. yarkandensis. PI. XV.
Antilope subgutiurosa, Gulch, Act. Acad. Petrop., i, p. 251,
Gazella, suigutiurosa , Brooke, P. Z. S., 1873, p, 545.
Kik1 or Sailcik and Jairan , Turki of Yarkand and Kashghar.
1, 2, 3, 4, $,a $ , 6 young $, Yarkand or Kashghar. No labels,
x 1#
It is perhaps a question whether the Eastern Turkestan form of gazelle should ^
raised to the rank of a species. It differs principally from the typical G. subgutturosa 111
very much darker markings on the face and in the much smaller degree to which the 11
diverge. The horns are very similar to those of a skull from Kandahdr,2 hut nuich
openly lyrate than in a head from Isfahan, or in the type figured by Giildenstadt. The ^
appears rather larger than that of the Persian gazelle. But as there is some variation in ^
markings amongst Persian specimens, it is perhaps better to consider the Yarkand race as
a variety. _ e„
The following is a description of the skins brought, all of which appear to hav
killed in winter. . . ^tiy
Horns approximate at the base, regularly but slowly diverging, and curving very
backwards till near the tips, where they are turned suddenly towards each other and foi'^^
There are rings on the horns nearly to the tips. The largest number of rings on any 0 *
horns brought is 14. These horns are each 12£ inches long measured round the cU ^
No horns in the female. Hah* long and rather coarse. The longest hairs on the back ^
sure about 2 inches. The general colour above is rather light rufous-brown (fawn c° ,jy
The hairs are brown at the tips, pale lilac-grey below. There is no admixture of wavy 1
fibres with the hairs. ,
The pale lateral line 1 is distinct, but does not differ much in colour from the back, ^
only a little paler; the dark lateral band beneath it and the dark pygal bands are faint ; a
men and posterior inner portion of thighs white. (
Long hairs round the base of the horns, and the central facial band of blackish-kV ^
light-brown and wdiite mixed, there being a larger number of very dark hairs in front 0 ^
horns, and a more or less distinct blackish line from the anterior base of the horn, down
side of the central facial band, to a blackish spot about two-thirds of the distance
base of the horns to the muzzle. Light facial streaks very distinct, dirty white ; dark ^ e
streaks well marked, mixed blackish-brown and light-brown, blackest just in front of * $
around the orifice of the anteorbital gland. Ears light-brown outside, tail blackish- ^
knee brushes variable, dark-brown more or less mixed with light-brown. There afL +lit’
black hairs round the base of the hoofs and along the hinder portion of the feet betve
true and supplementary hoofs.
ikik t
1 I learn from Captain Biddulpli that Kik means “ deer" in a very loose sense, being applied also to wild sheep.
desert deer, whilst Jair&n is the correct name for gazelle. On the other hand, Captain Trotter tells me that Kik is used f°r
Jairan for the female.
" Figured in Geol. Zool. Abyssinia, PI. 1, p. 4. This figure might almost have been taken from a pair of Yarkand bo1^ ^ fiV'j
3 Since this was written, I have seen a much finer pair of horns belonging to Captain Biddulpli and brought by ^ ^.]i *
.»n4nM HPL att nmacncA nurd, 1 A. 7 « 1 — «i_T, J Ibn fino era fil inolmo n«n«4 And 4l»n nin/iiiirrfpVftllC® , i- r>t ^
Turkestan. They measure each 14 inches in length round the curve, the tips are 5J inches apart, and the circumference^ ^
the base 5 inches. They diverge nearer to the head than the other specimens do, and hence their curve agrees better w1
typical 6r. subgutturosa.
4 For definition of the terms “lateral lines,” “facial band,” &c., see Sir V. Brooke, P. Z, S., 1873, p. 536.
MAMMALIA.
89
‘»een 5 ,^**h ot the skull
6 inches Ion
l,ll*na of K, 's doubtless that mentioned in Dr. Stoliczka’s posthumous note “on the Avi
ahwi_ .^asnghar m wirri^ >u ^ * , , ,
% j
m an old male is 8*5 inches, in an adult female 7*5. Ears be-
vertehrse of the tail 5 inches ; hairs at end 2.
lllllrulant]y ah* fy!'1 ffer’”1 under the name of Antilope gutturosa, a
lfderss as juu-.f ( aialhashi. It is also, I have very little doubt, the a;
and said to he found
animal to which Shaw
"aine is « Sa-J f en brought to him at Yarkand, and of which he says that the Yarkandi
If I
l H now appears, east of the Pamir, so that it may he found close
° G. gutturosa.
&
56. Pantholops hodgsonii. PI. XYI.
a: Edin- j°ur- Sc-’ i827> p- i6-3-
Antih tecMr, r ' Smith> Griffith’s Cuv. An. King., v, p. 328 (182 7).
P. Z.S ^S’’ Gleanings in Science, i, p. 144 (1829). — lb. ii, p. 348, Pis. Ill, V, (1830). —
JoUnia]' i; ’ I' — J.A.S.B., i, p. 59, PI. IV (1832). — lb. iii, p. 134. — Hooter’s Himalayan
?anU^p, kod'2; If’ 157’ aud woo^ut, p. 158 (1854).
^agner Sel °dgS-’ T.Z.S., 1834, p. 81. — J.A.S.B., xii, 1843, Plate issued with No. 135. —
UngnlataF ■ Siiugth-’ SuPP- iv> P- 420 (1844)— lb. v, p. 402 (1856).— Gray, Cat. Mam. B. M.
eWas hodgsonii P'53 (185a)— Cat. Rum. Mam. B. M., p. 33 (1872).— Adams, P.Z.S., 1858, p. 521.
p. 231. B] , +1 ^ Y’ ^ SpeC- Mam' P- 157 (1843).— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1846, xviii,
J.A.S T! ul '’ Cat‘ Mam- As- Soe., p. 173 (1863).— Jerdon, Mam. Ind.,p. 282 (1867).— W. Blank,
’ 1872, p. 39_
mi ' KlUln’ Ladak ; 2 2, no label.
J-he Chir'
"'"ell ^esSo:Q- I \!aCaiS ^lave I16611 described in the same year by Abel, Hamilton Smith,
in i x',f thorough l Te 0nIy access to the two last-mentioned. This species was subsequently
’’I Proposed f alt ll0uS'h GW in later catalogues corrected his former mistake.
Gray
Gra *>e goral , IIa f Was 0l'iginally proposed by Ogilby in 1836, the type being4 the Goral
fylo - %th a i 'nc. e). The generic name has been wrongly applied to the Chiru by
Cl *M,9» Ogithv n f a*n misapplied by Gray to the wild goat of the Nilgiris ( Hemitragm
* sP-)>
neither of wliich is congeneric with the Goral. Ogilby certainly
5 Hil]i Peathers’ 187A ii. P- 216.
3 g , pTaitary, Yarkand, and Kashghar, p. 221.
< f ,, ' 8-, 1873, pp. 313, 54(5. Severtzoff, Turk. Jev., p. 62.
*• L' S'» 1836, p. 138.
90 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
included the Nilgiri goat in his genus Kemas,1 hut this was in a subsequent paper to that
which he gave the characters of the genus and named the Goral as the type. ^ut
Hodgson’s antelope has been variously classed by different authors, but there can be
little doubt that Hodgson was right in considering it closely allied to the Gazelles. The 1
of the feet with their very pointed hoofs strongly supports this view.
The following detailed measurements of a female are from Stoliczka’s notes : —
Inches.
Length from nose to between ears .
,, from between ears to top of shoulder
}> }} top of shoulder to base of tail
„ of tail without tuft
„ „ with tuft
Total length from nose to tip of tail
Length of ear from front base
,, orifice to tip
)} ,, hind base .
Median breadth of ear
Girth round the breast
Height at shoulder
Length of fore-leg
hind-leg
from knee
from hock to toe
pp "
Height at the hind-feet .
From nose to eye
„ eye to base of ear
Height of nose with lower lip
10
14
26
4- 5
7
53
5- 8
4*3
4*8
2*5
35
27*5 (?37*5)
15
10*4
24
11*5
31
5*8
2*5
3*2
” . rh°ot
Pantliolops hodgsoni appears to be common throughout Tibet from the neighbor
of Lhassa to Ladak. It is found in the Kuenlun range, but has not been lll< ^ in
itb
W1
or Lhassa to Ladak. It is found in the Kuenlun range, but has not been
further to the north-west or west. It was not found by Pere David in Eastern Tibet
Mongolia. . , 0f tl>1’
In Mr. Shaw’s work,2 the head of this antelope is figured by mistake as that ^ ^(y
« Keek Gazella subgutturosa, var. The mistake was made by the publisher of t a
in Mr. Shaw’s absence.3
*
Family — CER VII) JE.
57. Cebvus eustephanus.
W. Blanf., P. Z. S., 1875, p. 637. _ Ser- 4’
? Cervus maral (C. canadensis vnx.) , SevertzofE, Turk. Jev., pp. 62, 103. Ann. Mag. Nat. H*1
xviii, p. 377.— Prejevalski, Pet. Mitt., Erg. Hft., No. 53, p. 5.— From Kulja, &c., p. 46. #
? C. maral, var. asiatica, h. songarica, Severt., Turk. Jev., p. 109; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., t.
J
Cervus cornibus magnis sublcevigatis, valde curvatis, superne subplanulatis, s 00^
Usque, apices versus convergentibus atque retro productis, ramos ad septem gerentibus>
1 P. Z. S., 1837, p. 81.
2 High Tartary, &c., pp. 168, 169.
3 I am indebted to Captain Trotter and Captain Biddulph for this information.
MAMMALIA.
91
5?? **«?*■ Ww
y ultimis ?^)roximati8’ tertio paullo minore, quarto maximo , versus planulato ,
7 dminuentibus.
Tile In i ll0,1,S w^ou^ said to have been purchased in Kashghar.
dtlcl
itches in belonged to different animals. They are of large size, each measurin
^hey proha Ki,r ^ aTPear me to indicate a new stag. They have apparently been shed,
'I inch,., V y belonged tn a nr mr. e i .
ground
JUst above the
curve, one is HP 9,
burr. Each shows
the other 10' 5 inches in circumference
7 well-formed tines, so that the animal
>UaVeha(Ju 0-
Idtlge from t|ie fl’01nts- The beam is very much curved, and, so far as it is possible to
ilj f arid branch aparH ° burr’ the borns must bend somewhat towards each other at the
^°ruier slightly1 V GSS ^aU mos^ stags. The brow antler and bez are close together,
^ e latest peculia e,XCCe<^s the latter in length, and the bez is rather longer than the royal.
Sl^'/)0am curves inU ^ ^le borns, however, is in the form of the crown. Above the royal
Aib % compeer aU 8 and gives out an anterior tine which is much the largest of all, and
5S this fb! 5 bei*g °%
.tbe bea*
a little shorter, and scarcely smaller, than the beam itself.
length, and
sdin 'eSe f°Ur branchc ^1VGS 0U^ two °tber tines, each successively diminishing in
fr/'i ^arie> So , es’ that is, the beam itself and the three upper tines, are in
cqj , oO that 1 — uccuu nseii anu tue mree upper imes, are in nearly the
11 r|,b1(- remainder 0/^°°^^ a^ ^ie b°m with either the beam or the great fourth tine in
foiin.i • nearest
crown can he concealed behind either one or the other.
Ulld hr a pap, c,PPr°ach bj these horns in form with which I am acquainted may perhaps be
?us Kami n?, ed by Severtzoff i
an,i • Xhe ’ Turkestanskie Jevotnie, p. 105, under the name of
(‘nv, IU the m n n n ,, ,ll umber of tines is similar, and there is some resemblance in their form
,)nre f,vw , , uanncr m which V.__, „ , rm.. t c n
farth( b’om the Thian "g]" mCl1 beam curves backwards above the royal. The horns figured
|)a^ r apart, the be-n' ^ ^ut in Severtzoff’s figure, the brow and bez-antlers are much
Sc bon in ^ 11 aPPears less curved inwards above the royal, and the tendency to
^e^edsth;™"W^ whilst the lowest of the four points composing the crown
TraJ he b°rns of q eu **** ^ Size'
hi thla!ti0ns of the •viistephanus differ widely from those of Cervus maral represented in the
ti0a Prosent stag ^°°loSical Society, Yol. VII, p. 336, PI. XXIX. The curve of the beam
'.U|h direction" a ^er> the brow and bcz-antler closer together, and different in propor-
eveg sparing the Tl* ClWn is Very dissimilar-
ba(,, ^Veater diffei. _n' Shan horns with those of Cervus caskmirianus1 and C. affinis ,2
Cr0Wn^8 Awards thwt' be u°tice(b The Turkestan horns are smoother, and curved
at t]lr, 1S totally distin c t ^ ’ ^le brow and bez-antler are closer together, and the form of the
appro° bp of each hoy10' p dlldeod i11 C- affinis there are said never to be more than two points
JLch tliose of c n 1 >0Vc_ tbe royal. At the same time the horns of C. emtephanus closely
•I. ^ latever Air Hod ”^6' ^ ^bc Sreat curve of the beam.
very tv('.b-> 1851j Xx 0c »son s Cervus nar ay anus t founded upon a single immature horn (figured
’ erent, its ^ ‘ y tII, and described, p. 392) may be, it is evidently something
aiore ti°bt)ears to nK, 1( t)ecuharity being the great distance apart of the basal tines,
has hc 1:1 n aQy Asiatic p ^ aS reSai’ds the horns, the Thian-Slian stag approaches the Wapiti
°u discussed bv ^ d'be resemblance between the Asiatic stags and Cervus canadensis
many naturalists, and by none more fully than by Air. Blyth, 3 who has
I Jalooner, Pal. Man., L, p. 576.
. j °^S0D’ J- A. S. B., 1841, x, p. 721.
• S. B,, 1853, xxii, p, 592 ; .1861, xxx, p. 185, &c.
which the beam
92
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
SM
pointed out that the most important characters in which the horns of the America^,
differ from those of the animals found in Eastern Tibet, Kashmir, and Persia are the sm ^
ness of the former, their tendency to flattening or palmation in the crown, their grea
division in the coronal region, and the marked backward curvature and want of conv^s^
in the upper portion of the beam. Now in all these characters the horns hrough^ ^
Turkestan appear to he intermediate between those of the other Asiatic stags and those ^
Wapiti. The horns of the Turkestan stag differ from those of the Wapiti in being less ^
more curved inwards towards the ends, and in having the brow and bez-antler much » •
... i i j P.fhb'
rianus or
There can, I think, be very little doubt that Genus eustephcmns is the animal de
by Severtzoff and Prejevalski as inhabiting the forests of the Thian-Shan and neigW0^,
ranges. It is a very large animal, as indeed is evident from the dimensions of tin
adults being, according to Severtzoff, as much as 6 feet high at the shoulder. It is Pr°
known as maral by the Arian tribes of Central Asia, the word being Persian for deer- j„
true C. maral, however, inhabiting the forests on the southern coasts of the Caspian
the Caucasus, &c., is a much smaller animal with, as already noticed, differently shape*
I have no definite information as to the history of the pair of horns described, ^ t0
that Captain Trotter informs me they were purchased in Kashghar bazar, and wel'('.*0t1if'r
have been brought from the forests of the Thian-Shan mountains east of Kulja.
and larger pair were also brought by the mission, but they were presented to Lord Nor ^
and sent by him to England, so I have had no opportunity of examining them- ^1
informed, however, by Mr. Wood-Mason that they differed considerably from the pair eS
by me, and that the terminal portion was greatly flattened. ^
Since this account of C. eitstephanus has been written, I have learned that these ^
from the Thian-Shan have been examined by Sir Y. Brooke and pronounced, if 1 1111 '
correctly, to belong to some species already described, probably C. canadensis. The
however, have not reached me. 1
58. Cervus sp.
Genus maral, Prejevalski, Pet. Mitt. Erg. Hft., No. 53, p. 9. — Prom Kulja, &e., p. 166-
No specimen of the large deer found in the woods and thickets of Eastern
tAV
dJJUUllllCJJ. U1 LUO JZLTg (3 UCCl IULL-LLU. 11± vv vn/uo cuu.il umvu.owa vra jjuuuv.*- fl ^
was, so far as I know, brought back by the Yarkand Mission. The animal is mention® ^
“ General description of Kashghar ” 2 near the commencement of the published
thus, under the head of “ Animals.” 11,1
“ The stag or bughu male, and maral female, haunts the forest borders along' the river courses 011
plain, and is hunted for its antlers, which are an article of commerce with China.”
The same animal is mentioned, and by the same names, by Captain Biddulph, iu _ ^
five of his visit to Maralbashi,3 and is said to inhabit a belt of thick high grass on 1 6
of rivers. ^
Almost all the information I have on this deer is derived from Mr. Shaw. All ' tl1'
have asked agree that it is a different animal from the great stag of the Thian-Sba0
9 x2,
1 Just as the last proof was being passed, I received Sir V. Brooke’s paper, P. Z. S., 1878, p. 883, and P'
considers the horns undistinguishable from some of C. canadensis.
2 By Dr. Bellew. Report of a mission to Yarkand in 1873, p. 69.
3 Report, p. 218.
MAMMALIA.
93
^]1’aW Procured
Srveu me
^Presents
photo ^ however, he did not bring to Calcutta, but of which he has
1^- a pair ' !^IS ls n°t large enough to show all the characters in detail, but it
^ and bez close ^ tines, five on each horn; the two terminal tines subequal,
Uc 1 resend^ tho °Sether, and in these characters, as well as in size and form, the horns
se °t C. affinis.
59. CAPREOLTJS PYGARGUS.
Cervus pygargus, Pallas.
a • ns at^acl1(;|i to the skin, without label, but probably from Kashghar.
0 °ach other by the ^0.lnS’ "^thout any skull, covered with very thick “ velvet ” and attached
6 S 111 the forehead, agree fairly with the figure of those of C. pygargus.
Ph
eUTE
Pl
'ATe
P^ate
Plate
Plate
Plate
I.
Ia
Explanation oe the Plates.
“Late
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
14.
Ic.
II.
114.
III.
IV.
iVa.
V.
v«.
vi.
VII.
Vila.
VIII.
»• 1, Sorest ( Croeidura ) myoides, p. 16.
J> Erinaceus alb-ulus, p. 14.
1, skull of Erinaceus albulus, from above ; la, from below; 1 b, from the sid
0 iljy >e> I /, teeth of a younger animal, natural size.
s vull of Sorex ( Croeidura ) myoides, from above, natural size ; 2a, the same fn
side, enlarged 3 diameters ; 2b, upper teeth and palate ; 2c, lower jaw and
;pjgg °tP enlarged 3 diameters.
Pel™ o? ’ S^UP °f Mustela doliezkana, 3 views, natural size.
AT sJl“mana, p. 17.
Canis skull i 3 views, all natural size.
MZfU^*)fiaveseen*> * vars., p. 22.
Pio. a Sto^lcz^cam> p. 30.
, ^ePus hypsibius, p. 60.
” ~J L-pallipes, var., p. 62.
L L. yarkandensis, p. 65.
L. tibetanus, p. 63.
a 1«, 14, skull of Lepus hypsibius, 3 views, all natural size.
1 2a. 2 h ci,..n -n r 7 3 views, all natural size.
»
33
Pigs.
33
Pig.
o
j — vx JVC
** U> U> skull of L. yar,
’ -^ePus pmnirensis, p. 67
j L. doliczkanutt, 73. 68,
1 i, . .. 1
IVS ’ *miczkanu8, p. 68.
2* l"’ °f Lepus pamrensis, 3 views, all natural size,
Fj,, A a’ skull of L. stoliczlcanus, 3 views, all natural size.
a agomys ladacensis. n. 71. in roin+fir dross.
0 0 ’ . ®Kutt or Lepus pamirensu
a a, 24, skull of L. stoliczlcanus, 3 views, al
a agomys ladacensis, p. 71, in winter dress.
~a L. awritus, p. 74.
’> L Lagomys griseus, p. 77.
Pigs \ ~^agomlls fadacensis, in summer dress.
^ ^4, sladl of Lagomys ladacensis, 3 views, all natural size.
a, 3 3’ ~>J’ S^UP °t -5- auritus, 3 views, all natural size,
pjo- 1 ’ ,U’ skull of L. griseus, 8 views, all natural size.
a t vicola stoliczlcanus, p. 42.
" A' Mythi, p. 39.
#■
94
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Villa.
IX.
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
X.
X*.
SECOND YABKAND MISSION.
Nesokia scullyi, p. 49.
Pig. 1, Cricetus fulvus, p. 45.
„ 2, Mus pachycercus, p. 53.
Gerbillus cryptorhims, p. 56.
Figs. 1, la, 15, skull of Nesokia barclayana, p. 46, 3 views ; 1 c, Id, lower jaw,
size ; \e, right upper molars, If, right lower molars, both enlarged 2 dianu4er^er
all natfll'a
X6.
lolafS)
lA
Pip
Pigs.
2, 2 a, 26, skull of N. scullyi, 3 views, 2c, lower jaw, all natural size ; 2 cl,
molars, 2c, right lower molars, both enlarged 2 diameters.
1, la, lb, skull of Arvicola blythi, 3 views, natural size ; lc, right upper nr
right lower molars, both enlarged 4 diameters.
2, right upper molars of Arvicola stoliczkawus, enlarged 4 diameters ; %a>
molars similarly enlarged. fre
3, 3a, 3b, skull of Cricetus fulvus, 3 views, natural size; 3c, incisors, ^
Fig.
Figs.
, j — t/ ' - ' ’
front, natural size ; 3d, upper molars, 3c, lower molars, both enlarged 4 fl1^ ^ ^
XI.
XIa.
XII.
Xlla.
XIII.
XIII«.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
4, skull of Mus pachycercus from above, natural size ; 4 a, 46, two views or r*
enlarged two diameters. piol®rS’
5, 5 a, 56, skull of Gerbillus cryptorAinus, 3 views, natural size ; 5c, upper
5 d, lower molars, both enlarged 2 diameters.
Arctomys aureus, p. 33.
Skull of Arctomys aureus, 3 views, natural size.
Arctomys Aimalayanus, p. 36.
Skull of Arctomys Aimalayanus, 3 views, natural size.
Arctomys caudatus, p. 37.
Skull of Arctomys caudatus, 3 views, natural size.
Ovis nahura, p. 85.
Gazella subgutturosa, var. yarkandensis, p. 88.
Tantholops hodgsoni, p. 89.
2 a..
1 EK1NACEUS ALBULUS.
2. CROCIDURA MYOIDES.
3. MUSTELA ST OLICZKANA.
3 b.
S- Sedgiield.imp :
Plate lb.
FELIS SHAWIANA
Plate 1b
Maclure & Macdonald. Lith.
4
FELIS SHAW IAN A.
Plate n.
Lite lib.
MUSIELA S T CLIC ZKANA
Plate 111
, LEPTJS HYPSIBIUS, 2, LEPUS PALLIPES,
Plate IV.
1, LEPUS YARKANDENSIS. 2.LEPUS TIBETANUS.
Plate IV cl
J CO.
S. Sedlgfield imp:
1. LEPUS HYPSIBIUS.
2. LEPUS YARKANDEUSIS.
. LEPUS PAMIRENSIS.
; STOLICZKANUS
*
■ a. tc
EPUS PAMIRE N SIS.
L. STOLICZKANUS.
Plate VI.
1. LAG0M.YS LADACETSTSIS .
2. L. AURITUS.
Plate
. LAGOMYS &RISF.U
' .h .Xi AT) ACENSIS ■
It
*
♦
t
t
Plate VPa.
^4
neITRES
Suborder Falcones .
I'a.mily Vulluridce ....
Genus Vultur .
1. Vultur monaehus .
Family Falconidce ....
Subfamily Accipitrince ,
Genus Circus .
2. Circus cyaneus
3. Circus (Cruyinosus .
4. Circus macrurus ,
Genus Astur
5. Astur palumbarius
Genus Accipiter
6. Accipiter nisus
Subfamily Buteonince
Genus Buteo .
7. Buteo plumipes
8. Buteo ferox .
Subfamily Aquilinre .
Genus Gypaetus
9. Gypaetus barbatus.
Genus Aquila .
1 0. Aquila chrysaetus .
Genus Nisaetus
11. Nisaetus pennatus .
Genus Haliaetus
32. Haliaetus leucorhyphus
Genus Polioaetus .
13. Polioaetus plumbeus
Genus Milvus
14. Milvus melanotis .
Genus Pernis
15. Pernis apivorus
PAGE
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
b
^ ^ CO
IV
CONTENTS.
FA®®
9
Genus Falco ....
16. Falco communis .
17. Falco babylonicus .
18. Falco subbut.eo
19. Falco regulus
Genus Hierofalco
20. Hierofalco gyrfalco
21 . Hierofalco milvipes
Genus Cerchneis
22. Cerchneis tinnunculus .
Suborder Pandiones .
Genus Pandion ....
23. Pandion haliaetus .
Suborder Stbiges
Family Btibonidce .....
Genus Scops ....
24. Scops bi-ucii .
Genus Bubo ....
25. Bubo turcomanus .
Genus Nyctea ....
20. Nyctea nivea .
Genus Asio ....
27. Asio otus
Genus Carine ....
28. Carine bactriana .
Order Passeriformes
Suborder Passebbs
Family Corridas
Genus Trypanocorax
29. Trypanocorax fruyilegus
Genus Corvus ....
30. Corvus corax .
Genus Coloeus ....
81. Coloem collaris
Genus Corone ....
32. Corone sharpii
38. Corone corone , .
34. Corone macrorhyncha .
Genus Pica ....
35. Pica pica
36. Pica leucoptera
Genus Urocissa
37. Urocissa Jlavirostris
Genus Dendrocitta .
38. Dendrocitta himalayemis
9
10
10
10
U
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
\t
I i
It
I I
1*
16
1®
16
16
15
16
\1
1 ?
\1
n
1»
1»
1»
10
2®
20
20
2°
2°
CONTENTS.
.Genus Garrulus
Garrulus bispecularis
40. Garrulus lanceolatus
Genus Nucifraga
41. Tsucifraga multipunctata
Genus Graculus
42. Graculus graculus .
Genus Pyrrhocorax
4->. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Genus Podoces .
44. Podoces biddulphi .
45. Podoces hendersoni
46. Podoces humilis
am% OrioUda,
Genus Oriolus
47. Oriolus kundoo
anuly Din-uridce
Genus Buchanga .
4''. Buchanga longicaudata .
49. Buchanga atra
Pam% Sturnida
Genus Sturnus.
50. Sturnus menzbieri
°1. Sturnus tndicus . .
Sturnus porphyronotus ,
Genus Pastor
58. Pastor roseus
Genus Temenuchus
• Temenuchus pagodarum
Genus Acridotheres
°5. Acridotheres tristis
^ FringilKd(e'
S^family Fringing .
Genus Pycnorhamphus .
56. Pycnorhamphus icteroides
Genus FringiUa
o7. FringiUa montifringilla
Genus Carduelis .
58- Carduelis caniceps .
Genus Chrysomitris
59. Chrysomitris spinoides .
Genus Callacanthis
( 50. Callacanthis burtoni
Genus Acanthis
51- Acanthis brevirostris
PAGE
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
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24
24
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25
25
25
26
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27
27
27
27
27
27
27
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27
27
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
b 2
29
VI
CONTENTS.
Genus MontifringiUa
62, MontifringiUa adamsi .
63. MontifringiUa alpicola .
04. MontifringiUa sordida .
65. MontifringiUa brandti .
Genus Rhodopechys
66. Rhodopechys sanguinea .
Genus Rhodospiza .
67. Rhodospiza obsoleta
Genus Bucanetes
68. Bucanetes mongolicus .
Genus Petronia
69. Petronia petronia .
Genus Passer ....
70. Passer montanus .
71. Passer domesticus .
72. Passer lnspaniolensis
73. Passer cinnamomeus
74. Passer ammodendri
Genus Serinus ....
75. Serinus pusillus
Genus Carpodacus .
76. Carpodacus erythrinus .
77. Carpodacus sevei-tzovi .
78. Carpodacus rhodoclilamys
79. Carpodacus stoliczkce
Genus Pyrrhula
80. Pyrrhula aurantiaca
Subfamily Emberizinee
Genus Pyrrhulorhyncha
81. Pyrrhulorhyncha pyrrliuloid
Genus Emberiza
82. Einberiza schceniclus
83. Emberiza pusilla .
84. Emberiza rustica .
85. Emberiza luteola .
86. Einberiza hortulana
87. Emberiza buchanani
88. Emberiza cia
89. Emberiza stracheyi
90. Emberiza godlewskii
91. Emberiza stewartii
92. Emberiza leucocephala .
Genus Melophus
93. Melophus melaniderus .
Family Alaudidce .....
Genus Otocorys
94. Otocorys pallida .
95. Otocorys elwesi
50
30
51
31
32
Si
si
35
35
36
36
37
37
37
37
33
39
39
39
10
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
43
4i
11
44
4 i
4 i
45
45
46
46
47
47
47
47
43
43
4»
49
49
49
60
CONTENTS.
Vll
96. Otocorys longirostris .
97. Otocorys brandti .
Genus Melanocorypha
JS. Melanocorypha bimaculata
Genus Alauda
99. Alauda cantarella
T0°. Alauda liopus
Genus Calandrella
Calandrella tibetana
Calandrella acutirostris
Genus Alaudula
!03. Alaudula seebohmi
Genus Galerita
Galerita magna .
Pan% Motoring .
Genus Motacilla
l°o. Motacilla alba .
106. Motacilla personata
7- Motacilla hodgsoni
OS. Motacilla campestris
9. Motacilla beema .
jlO. Motacilla feldeggii
• Motacilla melanope
112. Motacilla citreola
1*1. Motacilla citreoloides
Genus Anthus .
Ill* Anthus trivialis .
115* Anthus similis .
16. Anthus richardi .
• Anthus campestris
Anthus pratensis .
19. Anthus cervinus .
-0. Anthus spipoletta
FaiDily CerthUdce
Genus Certhia .
Certhia himalayana
Certhia hodgsoni .
Genus Tichodroma .
1-9. Tichodroma muraria
a“% Sittidce .
Genus Sitta
1-1. Sitta kashmirensis
~ • Sitta leucopsis
Genus Parus
l‘«rus atriceps
] 9o" p a‘us °yanus
■ Parus monticola .
PAGE
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51
52
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63
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CONTENTS.
viii
Genus Lophophanes
• • 129. Lophophanes melanolophus .
130. Lophophanes rufinuchalis
Genus Sylviiparus ....
131. Sylviiparus modestus .
Genus jEgithaliscus
1 32. JEgithaliscus erythrocephalus
Genus .TEgithalus ....
133. JErjithalus coronatus .
Genus Leptopoecile .
134. Leptopcecile sophice
Genus Panurus ....
135. Panurus biarmicus
Family Meliphagidc e .....
Genus Zosterops ....
136. Zosterops palpebrosa .
Family Regulidee
Genus Regulus
137. Regulus regulus .
Family Laniidee ......
Genus Lanius
138. Lanius homeyeri .
139. Lanius erythronotus .
140. Lanius isabellinus
Family Ampelidce ......
Genus Ampelis ....
141. Ampelis garrulus
Family Sylviidce . .
Genus Acrocephalus
142. Acrocephalus turdoides
143. Acrocephalus stentorius
144. Acrocephalus agricola .
Genus Tribura ....
145. Tribura major
Genufi Lusciniola
146. Lusciniola melanopogon
Genus Hypolais
147. llypolais rama
Genus Sylvia ....
148. Sylvia nisoria
149. Sylvia citierea
150. Sylvia nana
151. Sylvia affinis
152. Sylvia minuscula .
Genus Phylloscopus
, 153. Phylloscopus affinis
CONTENTS.
IX
154. Phylloscojms tytleri
155. Phyllosoopus tristis
1 uG. Phyllosoopus indicus .
. ' -1% l loscopus fuscatus .
^ hylloscopus humii
15. ). Phyllosoopus proregulus
J°. hylloscopus superciliosus
Genus Acanthopneuste
161. Acanthopneuste viridana .
— Acanthopneuste occipitalis .
denus Cryptolopha
16. j. Cryptolopha xanthoschista .
Genus Horomis
164. Horomis pallidus
Genus Cettia
165. Cettia orientals .
Genus Suya
166. S'uya crinigera
Genus Rhopophilus
167. Phopophilics alho-superciliaris
Fan% Turdidce
S^famiiy SaxicoUncc
Genus Pratincola
168. Pratincola caprata
^>ratincoia maura
Genus Saxicola
G°- Saxicola picata .
Gl- Saxicola pkschanka .
Saxicola ccnanthe
1'3. Saxicola uabellina
)4. Saxicola deserti .
Saxicola montana
1 6. Saxicola chrysopygia .
Subfamily Ruticillina i
Genus Henicurus
1'7. Henicurus maculatus .
Gen^Ch *inorrhornis .
Chesmorj-ho mis leucocephala
Genus Ruticilia
Ika frontalis
]Rl ^'Ulc‘lla erythronota .
ico ^utlcHla rujiventris .
- Ruticilia erythroy aster
Genus Rhyacorn.s
J. Phyacornis fuliginosa .
,enus Cyanecula
1S5' C^»ecula ccerulecula .
‘ °' am
was
rebuilding of a portion of bis museum at Simla the whole of
v ith other valuable MSS. work of Air. Hume’s, was stolen by a dishonest
and sold * utner valuable 1VISS. work ot Air. Hume s, was stolen by a dishonest
ofj, Ragland \ W) Was^e*PaPer Ri I R° bazaar. I therefore brought the collection over with
Wof]v- the rest of the Hume Collection, and but for an unwonted pressure of
TRted tbio 1C 1 ^as Tallen to my lot ever since my return from India, I should have
% this L Trt ]°ng ago.
n.u y tRis dela ga?0, .
ski Ul aTist Dr c. Ya Sreat injustice has been unavoidably done to the memory of that sterling
i>av'S arnPie. Tr° |CZ,Ca’ T°r the material which he collected was abundant and the series of
'H'eri one of« ^ ^Ve<* t0 wrHe UP bis own notes, it is certain that this report would
0 *;«y best to c u 111 °St Rtteresting ever published on the birds of Central Asia, but I have
j)0 ' l(R°gists. j f laC^ ^'0m diai-y &H the notes which appear to me to be of interest to
after the ] ®°Ue further iu mJ endeavour to make the present report as useful as
iWbR60*68 that w "|,Se °f years which has ensued, and I have included in the list of birds all
Us S!sll.,!d by thosfUl °^dlRied by Dr. Henderson and Dr. Scully and recorded in the notes
the j,°^CzRa, gave6 8entlemen. Colonel Biddulpli, who was attached to the same expedition
M0l.j "hich ove & ,.C1^es Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 54 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn.
a, 2ool. v ’ *S3> p- 82 i Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 77 (1887); Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2)
^iceps a Z ^ *’ P‘ 66 (1889)'
,, °rn. SC1TtZ' TurteSt' JeV0tn' P' 63 (1873) 5 Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 109 ; Prjev. in Rowley’s
'l0, 95(j. p> P‘ ,) Jl (1877) > Zarudu. Ois. Transcasp. p. 34 (1885) ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 472 (1887).
exPanSe° 41 . <)Vember 4’ 1873-~ Length 18-25 inches, wing 13B, tail 9‘0, tarsus 2*8 ;
hr 2 ^ches r.r ' , IllS §ol(len 1 bill dark borny 5 feet golden. Wings reach within
t°- 1086 . y v °f taiL ^oung bird.]
°’ db69. Yll>i/aiK^ November 21, 1873. “Ach-sa.” [An adult male.]
bird.] "lr vaud’ November 21, 1873. “ Kara-sa = young of the grey bird.” [Young
E ' 1 1
as tj' Nylons 0f wNtes: — “We found this bird very common all over the more culti-
^et^een yU1 vand from Karghalik. We never met with it in the desert-tracts, such
V C0|tlme *e werp1 ' • f, aud Kashghar, nor at any elevation in the hills. We saw it the
bee ' |0,1<^ Biddul ^ 1U ^i. er 1873 1 at Maralbashi in January 1874, and at Yangihissar on the 1st of
1873 . St°liczka’s d*
^ ar^ notes this Harrier as not uncommon near Yarkand in November
^Geds^ff ll0fe “ Tl^^i n°^ aPPear t° have met with the species, but Hr. Scully has the
; tpe le , en* Harrier is a permanent resident in the plains of .Kasligharia and
53 °A over rUsj S( 1S Sa^ phiced in long grass jungle. 1 often observed this bird
1 grown marshes and hare fields, with a wonderfully long-sustained flight.
SECOND YARICAND MISSION.
no"
Avery
It never seems to tire, and always appears keenly intent on looking for its prey , u resUipe
and then suddenly dropping down among the reeds, as if shot, hut soon rising again ^ tpe
its hunting. The male bird is called by the Yarkandis ‘ Kok Sa’ (the Blue ba )>
female « Kilati Sa,’ the word Sa being a sort of generic name applied to all Buwar
and Harriers, an added second word (usually having reference to colour or shap )
the species.” , t the
In his paper on the birds of the Pamir Range the late Dr. Severtzow says tna^ ^
Harrier was seen by him during its migration near the Kara-Kul lake, and was
Alai. Immature birds were rather common.
the
3. Circus rsrugihosus. _ 136 D ■ ’
Circus ceruginosus (L.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 69 (1874) ; Scully, Str. B. iv. P-
Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 110 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 43 ; Scully, ibid. p. 42.; ■ p>>
1882, p. 100; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 54; Ilomeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, ^ So
Scully, J. A.S. Beng. lvi. p. 78 (1887) ; Eadde, Ornis, iii. p. 472 (1887) ; Sharpe, ir
(2) Zool. v. part 3, p. 66 (1889). oig.
Circus rufus, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 109; Zarudn.
P- 23 (1885). . , . 1frS tail9’
727, ? juv. Tanksi, September 17, 1873. — Length 2D5 inches, wing / epoYlS
tarsus 345; expanse 510. Iris brown; bill horny black, cere greenish 01
green. Closed wing reached within 2 inches of end of tail. [A young 11 ^
1021. Yarkand, November 13, 1873. [An interesting specimen emerging
young into the adult plumage by a moult.] tY'sUS
1528, e . Panjah, April 20, 1874.— Length 20' 6 inches, wing 16'0, taUfeet’yeUo"r’
3-6 ; expanse 51-0. Iris golden ; bill bluish black, cere greenish yellow >
No.
No.
No.
claws horny black.
. ^ quhe
Hunting around swamp about 4-| miles wrest of Panjah with another speCl p6rhaPS
similar to this one. Both often sat down among the high reeds in the swa®l >
making their nest among the reeds.
[A fully adult male.]
q\irkesta^
Dr. Scully writes: — “The Marsh-Harrier is tolerably common in Eastern . ^ ^
SJ 1. -“■» * . „rpjoh S
where it is often seen during the summer hunting over the long rushes and reeds ^
in marshy ground or on the banks of lakes. It was never seen in winter, 4 fa ' “
is
in inarsny gxuujuu. ui uu — * — — 0.
said to feed chiefly on frogs, rats, and lizards ; occasionally also on the Keeano ^ tu
p Ulus biarmicus). It breeds in Kashgharia, where it is called by the natives A
White-headed * Sa.’ ” _ ier
Dr. Severtzow, during his exploration of the Pamir, found the Marsh- a JD
migration near the Kara-Kul in the beginning of September. It was also soe^
Kul in the middle of August ; probably young ones come to the Pamir in summe
Circus macrurus. „ ivi.
Circus macrurus (Gin.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 67 (1874) ; Scully, J. A.
(1887). 34 (1885)-
Strigiceps pallidus, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 109 (1873) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. P-
Circus swainsonii, Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 109; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 125 (1876).
Circus pallidus, Homeyer & Tancre, AIT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 83.
Dr. Scully believes that he saw this species at Kicliik Yailak (12,054 feet)
of August, but failed to hit the bird. The Kirghiz called it “ Boz Sa ” (the Grey
the
19&
AYES.
5
5.
TuR PALUmbaritjs.
Genus ASTUR.
dstur
Puhmbarius (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 104; Scully, Str. F. iv.
Wie i ,8~^ ’ Pl’jev' 'n Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 153 (1877) ; Ilomeyer & Tancre, MT. oru. Yer.
D 611j 1883> P- 82 1 Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 25 (1885) ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 472.
Central Asia ^ ^ CS au interesting account of the training of the Goshawk for hawking in
°f Aksu ■' 'ldj* sa's bhat ^ is sakl to live principally near the hills in the neighbourhood
t°ll0\vin,i. |]1( °Dly vi®its Yarkand about the beginning of winter, when it is supposed to be
h le ^grating water-fowl. The Turki name is “ Karcliighah.”
Genus ACCIPITER.
0
^CIPITER NISUS.
188? W ’ Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873); Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien,
Acdpiter ’ P' 82 5 Eadde> 0rnis; ^ P- 4<71 (1887).
Dres niSUS -(L'^ ; Sha,Te> Cal B- Brit- Mus- i- P- 182 (1874) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 122 (1876) ;
p 15JB Bds> 1875, p. 104; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 109 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii.
Swi , y8”') ’ ttardl. Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 47 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 41 ; Scully, ibid. p. 409; C.
N0 ^ l' ds> 1882, p. 99 ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 78 (1877) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 25 (1885).
An KaSh«W’ December It), 1873.
Thi ?duE hunale, identified by Mr. Hume as A. nisus , and not as his A. melascliistus.
N°. g9rj 1CT^utification I agree with, as it is not dark enough for the latter species
Coir
Upper Karakash, October 1873.
kA the tru bkddulph states that he met with Accipiter melascliistus in the Sindh valley,
A. nisus he procured at Shahidula on the 21st of October, and again in
W;Ulian.
- ' 8cully observes
of Y
Mr
(0.
The Sparrow-Hawk is found in great numbers in the hills south
arka ]
A 'iter. It’;lVhe!? E breeds. It visits the plains in considerable numbers in the beginning of
Cen(ls); iii p at^le.r Prized for hawking, and is trained to capture Larks, Quail, and Pigeons
, November „ l*!^S ^ *s sadd t0 hunt Chicore. Two specimens were preserved at Kashghar
lri Noyei^^B ^le bills it is said to hunt Chicore. _r r
lay. The T ^>eccillb(‘r’ and I have seen others procured from the Karchung valley
j ■ i 4 3 r uvula, wuxxvvio V.U
oiki name for the Sparrow-Hawk is ‘ Kargliai.’ ”
m
7.
Bp
h
,TEo ttpmipes.
Ute° plurrii-
Subfam. BUTE ON IN JE.
Genus BUTEO.
p. 48]?? H,0dS8- 1 SharPe> Cat- B- Erh- Mus. i. p. 180 (1874) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 42; Scully, ibid.
•Bwfeo n,~ ’ . Jcnzb'er, Orn. Turkest. p. 185 (1889).
No. Sc’%, Str. F. iv. p. 125 (1876).
exPanse 59^UZ Yar’ Marcl1 21> 1873- — length 20 inches, wing 16-5, tail 9‘4, tarsus 30 ;
name “ a- ,, Iris dark brown; bill dusky bluish, cere yellow ; feet yellow. Turki
ij^. sa.
?.*; P7iiWi^lmen 18 ln the uniform black plumage which is generally assigned to the adult
t|.'1
(1876) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 124 (1876) ; Wardl. Rams. Ibis, 1880, p. 47 ; Bidd. Ibis,1 ’ sC8sp-
Scully, ibid. p. 420 ; C. Swink. Ibis, 1882, p. 99 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 53 ; Zarudn. Ojs. ‘
p. 26 (1885) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 78 (1887) ; Radde, Oruis, iii. p. 470; Sharp >
Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 66 (1889) ; Menzbier, Orn. Turkest. p. 204 (1889).
Buteo leucurus, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 103.
Buteo aquilinus, Hume & Ilenders. Lahore to Yark. p. 175 (1873).
Ad. Yarkand, November 8, 1873.
No. 1172. Kashghar, December 21, 1873. “ Sa.”
No. 1406. Ighiz Yar, March 22, 1874.
No. 1729. Kizil, May 19, 1879.
Dr. Henderson procured a specimen of the sooty form of this Buzzard at DU
near Saidabad, on the road from Kashmir to the plains.
Mr. Hume gives some notes on the plumages of the species.
Dr
detail8
of
. Scully shot specimens near Yarkand in January and February, and he gives
the soft parts and measurements. He says that it was very common in the plains 0 f
tei'11
plains oi
Turkestan during the winter, and, in common with the other two species of DuZ5fl js
in the country, disappeared in the spring. How well its specific name of ferox is foi'
illustrated by the following note of Dr. Scully “ I kept one of these Buzzards a
some time, and found its disposition anything but gentle ; when I went up to i ^ jfl »
throw itself on its back and strike out violently with its claws. It got loose one nig f
room in which I had a number of other birds, and committed dreadful havoc, tin5
least half a dozen birds, among the number a Kestrel. The Yarkandi shikaris ^a^gUisli
Buzzard ‘ Tokhmak Sa ’ (the Mallet { Sa ’) ; but I do not believe they could really i lS
it from the other species of Buzzard.”
Dr. Severtzow says: — “This species feeds on different Arvicolce which are c°^
the Pamir and innumerable on the Alai. It was seen near Ran-Kul in J uly 311 jj0dg9-)
but I do not know where it breeds. The dark variety of this species (B. aquilitMtS’
is also common enough.”
0°n 0l!
oUSD
Subfam. AQUILINJE,
Genus GYPAETUS.
9. Gypaetus barbatus.
Gypaetus barbatus (L.) ; Hume & Herders. Lahore to Yark. p. 170 (1873) ;
Severtz. Turkest\: ^
Jev
■otu-
p. 99 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 99; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p
. 138 (1877)5
AYES.
Ra
Str pa^’r JJS' ^80j P- > Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 52; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 30 (1885) ; Scully,
’ 1A’ P‘ ^ H* (18/6); Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 467 (1887) ; Menzbier, Orn. Turkest. p. 22 (1888).
ofy^ 1 1 Henderson
' ai'lv;md
L
AvEic]x
says that the Laemmergeier was “ seen every day from Jamu to the plains
^le Lingzj.^an^ ®anju’ was the only large raptorial bird noticed beyond Leh, and on
iuna plateau almost the only living creature except a species of antelope, of
v*Ua<»R ^cimens were obtained.
sta~?6 m -Ladak.
There is usually a pair to be seen near every
Erom Leh to Sanju the whole route is strewn with dead horses
m various
a§es of i uen to a
^aeniniergeiSWCati0n’ C^ma^e t)emg too cold and dry to admit of putrefaction : but the
C^ds, on tllf-e.1)r.','iaS ncver observed feeding on these, except on one occasion; this was at
Ac
tlio 9 w ''wvxiwuAwumg \ji± DUC3C, CAUUJJl ULL ULLC UUUclSslUU ; llllS Wdi
-it i of October.” His note on the species contains many items of interest.
Cadak ; ])U|. ll? ^r* Scully, “ the Laemmergeier was often noticed on the journey through
only saw it once in Eastern Turkestan, viz. on the Sanju Pass and between
th
e p.
«/ M A c V/ J
l6’°00 feet 1 Yailak, on the 24th September, 1874. The Sanju Pass, though only
9^ is strewn°Ve Sea"^eve^ 18 Perhaps the most difficult on the road from India to Yarkand,
,p0hik Yailak ^ Sldes with the carcases of dead horses. Marmots abound to above
9 fuiki . 5 an<^ Gig Bearded Yulture is said to prey on them, besides feeding on carrion.
ame of this species is 5 Grhiji.’ ”
10.
4r?^,lLA Chrysaetus.
Genus AQUILA.
p. 235 (1874) ; Scully, Str. P. iv. p. 123 (1876) ;
■*' Chnjsaiitus (L.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i.
leyJ!
Orms, iii. p. 469 (1887) ; Menzbier, Orn. Turkest. p. 55 (1888) ; id. N. Mem. Soc.
rjev. j,, -r ; , v *• c- iv- ij- ,
P- 82 • i> i 4 s ®rn‘ Misc. ii. p. 143 (1877) ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883,
4quila fuiva&t’ JVIoscou/ tom- xv. livr. v. p. 148 (1888).
A9Uila nofa/’ ' ar‘ nohi,is> Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 99.
J)r s 18 and A- daphanea, Menzbier, Orn. Turkest. pp. 61, 72 (1888).
, °^*t Eaop? ?u^es: ‘ct This species is the celebrated £ Birkut ’ — the name by which the
.°'ve and br^ p’ ever-" governor of a district or town usually having several. It is said
°aa”'Lt, , e<) lu the hills south of Yarkand and near Klioten, where the young birds are
Wains in ^ trained for
< 9' Want in pT ' b saw one a few miles from Yarkand in January, and another near
K 1 (uintil 1Uary‘ tbe wild state the Eagle’s prey is said to consist of the stag, the
A very fj su^3uttur°sa), the wild cat, the fox, and the wolf.”
0llritains durffi-5^™611 Gie Golden Eagle was sent by Dr. Lansdell from the Thian Shan
purposes of falconry. A few stragglers occasionally visit the
o bis recent journey through Central Asia.
U.
crs peknatijs-
Genus NISAETUS.
4r,
(m/a
ibid. pW42QWS (Gm-) 5 Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 253 (1874) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 41 ; Scully,
Vo!Hm-Ua> Severtz. Turkest
Persia *• ' — runcest. Jevotn. p. 03 (is
*erQetus ^ (1876); Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp
Of
Ayou~.°. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p
63 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis,
p. 28 (1885).
1875, p. 101; Blanf. East.
99.
Capture l *TCimen the uniform brown plumage ; but the label with the particulars
Colonel -^en l0st
Biddulph
procured this species in the Nubra Yalley in June.
8
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus HALIAETUS,
12. HALIAETUS LEUCORYPHUS
II A I i I A lb L U O iiCi UGGIi-LP XJ T
Haliaetus leucoryphus (Pall.)j Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873); Hume & Hendeis. a c
1875, P-
S cully/ Str. F. iv. p.'l24 (1876); Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 112 (1876) ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, P'
Yark. p. 175 (1873) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 308 (1874) ; Dresser, Ibis,
to
99 >
53 5
Homeycr & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 82 ; Menzbier, Orn. Turkest. p. 41 (^^Iggg),
Haliaetus macei, Prjcv. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 148 (1877) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. P- / ^
No. 253. Srinagar, August 3, 1873. — Length 32 inches, wing 25, tail 12’25, ^al -Je
Iris light brown ; bill blackish towards tip ; feet waxy white ; cere and gal:)G
bluish.
Colonel Biddulph procured a specimen at Baramula.
Dr. Henderson states that several specimens of this
ech
Eagle were noticed ke
IXCtLLU. £111 U. JL\_£tl g JUCllliV. , q
Dr. Scully says “ This bird is well known in Kashgharia, where it iscallec ^ ^ .
Yarkand and Karghalik.
ab-
I noticed it on several occasions a few miles from the city of Yarkand, in June ' w»s
and in August at Igarchi, and at Tungtash, about seven miles east of Karghalu- ^ »
always seen in the neighbourhood of water, usually sitting motionless on the & QJ1 1 b0
stream or on some mud-cliff near marshy ground. On one occasion I saw it fee< tb[lt
carcass of a dead horse, about five miles south of Yarkand. The Yarkandi shikaris ^
the * Giyah ’ feeds principally on fish and carrion, but that it sometimes strikes
in
Hares.” .
“ Pallas’s Sea-Eagle,” writes Dr. Severtzow, “ is often seen near the Panin ^ efel-y
August, also near Kara-Kul, Ran-Kul, and Jesehil-Ixul. Tlie old birds do not In ]a,rge
year, but only every second year, in the same manner as Gypcietus barbatus a” ,,,-urratory
Vultures. In the year in which they do not breed they moult in J une, and lead a °
life until winter, during which period many are seen on the Pamir.”
Genus POLIOAETUS.
13. P OLIO AETU S PLUMBERS.
Polioaetus plumbeus, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. vi. p. 367 (1837).
A specimen of this Sea-Eagle was shot at Baramula by Colonel Biddulph.
Genus MILVUS.
14. Milvus melanotis. O „ o -P V n. 126
Milvus melanotis, T. & S. ; Sliarpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 324 (1874) ; Scully, Str. F. i -1 rpraiisC‘
id. Ibis, 1881, p. 422; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 152 (1877) ; Zarudn. lS-
p. 25 (1855); Menzbier, Orn. Turkest. p. 131 (1889). ^ggl, P-
Milvus govinda (nec Sykes), Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 176 (1873) ; Bidd. 1 >
Ilomeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 82.
No. 179. Srinagar, July 26, 1873 [Biddulph). [Young bird.]
No. 178. Srinagar, July 26, 1873. [Young bird.]
No. 233. Srinagar, July 31, 1873. [An immature bird.]
No. 254. Srinagar, August 3, 1873. “ Ghands.” [Young bird.] g
No. 255. Srinagar, August 3, 1873. [An immature bird.] i0'5j i
No. 244, 6 ■ Srinagar, August 2, 1873. — Length 22'5 inches, wing 185, tax ^
2‘25 ; expanse 59-5. Iris pale chocolate-brown; bill black, cere entiie)
pale bluish white, with no trace of yellow. [An immature bird.]
No. 839. Leh, September 6, 1873 (Dr. Bellew). [Young bird.]
AYES.
9
^°‘1414 o
Iris b feass*ekke’ March 23, 1874. — Length 22-5 inches, wing 18-25, tail IPO, tarsus 2-3.
K°. 17l,))10^IJ ; bill black; cere pale yellowish; feet pale leaden white. [An immature bird.]
N° 15. ' angihissar, April 4, 1874. [An immature bird in moult.]
j ' • panjah, April 26, 1874. [An adult bird.]
^b'. PAes collected by Dr. Stoliczka to belong to the large race which
fr°Jii tbo p °a. eC^ maJor- They are certainly not M. korschun, which Severtzow records
Q0jon arQlr au(l from Turkestan.
bleyation 'll b>iddulph writes : — “ Obtained at Kiziljilga, on the Karakash, in October.
aPpearavlr °V > »■ »
bry • jf • US(b°ss for sport, but the female is held in great esteem for the purposes
tli S Gained to strike Herons, Geese, Ducks, and Bitterns. The name given to
implyiQo. . , UrPestan is ‘Baliri,’ an Arabic word meaning £of the river’ or £of the sea,’
dj bi‘. Sev Ibe Peregrine is a water-haunting species.”
lecbou iu ge'z°w saJs that the species migrates through the Alai and Pamir in a southerly
c
10
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
17. Ealco babylonictjs.
Falco tscherniaievi, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 63, 114 (1873).
Falco barbarus, Scully, Str. 1. iv. p. 118 (1876). _ Sharp6'
Falco babylonicus, Gurney; Hume, Rough Notes, i. p. 79 (1869) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p- 10 '
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 388 (1874) ; Scully, Str. E. iv. p. 118 (1876). n
East®*”
Dr. Scully supposed that he got both species of Red-headed Peregrine m ^gg7,
Turkestan, hut his specimens are all referable to F. babylonicus (of. Gurney, ^)l3’
p. 158).
18. Ealco subbttteo.
Falco subbuteo, L.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 395 (1874) j Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. P- gcUlly,
Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 108; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 105 (1876); Bicld. Ibis, 1881, P- ' ^$1)-
ibid. p. 417 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 82 ; Radde, Ornis, iii. P _ p. iff
Hypotriorchis subbuteo, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 174 (1873); Scully, Str. ‘ g5p
(1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 150 (1877) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p-
No. 882. Kiwaz, October 26, 1873. [A young bird.]
No. 1748. Yarkand, May 21, 1874. [Adult bird.] _ ^
Dr. Henderson found the Hobby not at all uncommon about Yangi Bazar, eig ^gterp
from Yarkand ; and Dr. Scully says that it is a “ seasonal visitant to the plains o ' ^
Turkestan, where it breeds. It arrives in the neighbourhood of Yarkand in May, tbe
any considerable numbers, and migrates, it is supposed towards India, m Oetobei, \#s
trees begin to lose their leaves. On our return journey to India in August this sp^ aftcJ
observed on five different occasions at our various halting-stages, but was no s , )f
leaving Sanju on the 14th of August. The Turki name for the Hobby is c Jaghalban
19. Ealco kegxjliis.
1 0°
Falco reyulus, Pall.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 406 (1874). y. p .
Falco tp.salon, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 107 ; Blanf. East. YeXS lblS’
(1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 39 ; Scully, ibid. p. 417; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 99;
1883, p. 54 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 82.
Lithofalco ctsalon, Scully, Str. E. iv. p. 120 (1876).
Hypotriorchis cesa/on, Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. i. p. 151 (1877). g
The Merlin was not procured by Dr. Stoliczka himself, hut Colonel Biddulpb 0Pe
he shot one about 16 miles to the east of Yarkand in November; this was tlie^erii a lS
seen north of the Karakorum. Dr. Scully writes: — “The Turki name for t G yisit®
« Turumtai,’ and it is said to live and breed in the hills of Eastern Turkestan. < jpjjflfS
plains about Kashghar and Yarkand, in small numbers only, in winter — princxpa
the months of November and December, I think.” ^ ‘‘ > .
Dr. Sevcrtzow gives the following note on the species in the Pamir ran°Il0rtb
Merlin was seen at the end of July in the Bash-Alai. It probably breeds in
range. I found it breeding in the mountains near Vernoe in June 1879, and 0 , ollgli *6
my collection a pair, male and female, with three nestlings, which all died soon, tbe g
on freshly-shot small birds only, which they ate greedily, and which was the fooc^
by their parents. They were taken too young, being only just out of the e»a apli0a?
(433 N.) and Eerghana (39° 45' N.), on the north Alai range, are unusually southei ,
AYES.
11
°f8^lfeeUbovfthe • The nest near Yernoe was on a pine (JPinus schrenkiana ) at a height
20. u Genus HIEROFALCO.
merofa^0 GYRFALC0- (Plate !•)
Falco lyr/r^alC° ^ ; SharPe’ Cat- B- Brit- Yus. i. p. 416 (1874).
N0 J °’ Horneyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 82.
T, . ? Juv- Yarkand, May 15, 1874.
'^I'falcoo sea * 0unS bird doubtless, which I expected to prove to be one of the forms of
CojHparjSOll Plated by Dr. Menzbier, but the immaturity of the specimen prevents any exact
a very 1 \ sPecaes figured by him. The accompanying Plate by Mr. Keulemans
r°ni Ellro *00t Portrait of the Yarkand specimen, which, as far as I can see, is not different
'°Plars of tp "ln S^Ins °P Sierofalco gyrfalco. Dr. Stoliczka’s diary does not give any par.
°r W bcpr. G 1QC^V *duab nor does it state whether the bird had been captured in a wild state
As USed for hawking.
9yrfalCo aS d can see there is no difference between the Yarkand bird and true
hjr(| ^’oand d cannot understand what H. uralensis of Menzbier can be, for the adult
°Ured by him (Orn. Turkest. pi. v.) is undoubtedly H. candicans !
C^ALC° MlLVIpES.
l'alco henJe>eS’ Poi^s- in Gray’s Zool. Misc. p. 81 (1844), descr. nulla; Jerdon, Ibis, 1871 (April), p. 240.
Scnlly?l°W*J PumeJ Ibis, 1871 (October), p. 407; id. & Henders. Lahore to Yarlc. p. 171, pi. 1 (1873) ;
1883 !, -o' * ' *v- P- ll7 (1876) ; Prjey. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 149 (1877) ; Severtz. Ibis,
1 P* «o.
^ I considered in 1874 to be the final stage of plumage of the old Hierofalco
species ^d was a mistake, and am inclined to recognize H. milvipes as a
r' liutne Co -n’ Henderson writes: — “A single specimen, a male, of this species, which
^eml)er, ] GfS J10 Hie Shanghai’ of Eastern Ealconers, was shot on the 14th of
tr^Ues fr
Kitchik Yilak in undulating country just north of the Sanju Pass, and
, ^ 11*01^ S ■ JU ai JAU1L11 ui iuc Ociuj u JTass, MU
S|.<'e,s °r bushes Wpere Hie plains of Yarkand may be said to commence. There are no
j.,0A grass, on ,V°ld ’ ^nt Hie climate here is comparatively moist, and there is abundance of
i\t^anU(s) Were } ^°rders which thousands of the Tibetan Snow- Pheasant ( Tetraogallus
opiate neio-M Served* Other Ealcons, apparently of this species, were noticed in the
aiUed.” & JOUl'bood, but it was never seen elsewhere, and only one specimen was
Hr.
§ 1
a^cf this bird^ tain®d a female at Kashghar, November 1874. He adds: — “The Turki
PositiVe/rf. 1S ' Aitalgu,5 and all competent authorities in such matters in Kashgharia
oj^tau, hut'i hat ls H'C female of the famed ‘Shunkar.’ The bird is rare in Eastern
of jSi°bally obta'Saif -t0 1)0 & Permanent resident and to breed there. I heard that it was
Y;u ,ol) ; from th'T; 1U tll<3 ■Dolan forest-region— in the direction of Aksu ; from the district
The «' si lUS nCar Sar'iu > and from tlie neighbourhood of Karchung, south-west of
*7* d is at o Unkar> is tlle most highly prized of all the Ealcons, and whenever one is
eXpel?ti the < WiM ta^Gn t0 the Amir= the Dad Khwah of Yarkand, or the Governor of the
YAl'lebCed old Y U pU ' -S n°fc at a11 l)Jazed’ and is considered hardly worth training. An
r(!J tlll(l ’ one da ai^audl bird-catcher, in looking at the pictures in my copy of ‘ Lahore to
)>
Persia, ii. p. 105 (1876) ; C. Swinli. Ibis, 1882, p. 99 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. P- i
Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 79 (1887). ^ rp aucr&
Falco tinnunculus, Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 47 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 54 ; Homey er
MT. orn. Yer. Wieu, 1883, p. 82.
No. 395. Leh, August 30, 1873. [Young female.]
No. 801. Kiziljilga, Karakash Valley, October 3, 1873. [Young male.]
No. 972. Karghalik, November 6, 1873. [Male moulting into adult plumage.]
No. 985. Yarkand, November 9, 1873. [Adult male.]
No. 986. Yarkand, November 9, 1873. [Young female in moult.] -i
No. 1123. Yapchan, December 3, 1873. “ Kukunak Kushkunak.” [Adult ma e-J
No. 1310. Kasligbar, Eebruary 5, 1871. [Adult female.]
No. 1758. Yarkand, May 20, 1871. [Adult female.] jjestateS
Colonel Biddulph procured specimens at Kasligbar and Maralbasbi in January- ^ gaiij u ’
that it tvas very common in tbe plains country of Turkestan and in the low hills u
he did not notice it on the Pamir, but procured it again down in Wakhan. obtai^
Dr. Henderson states that the Kestrel was very common in Yarkand, and he a s°
it at Kargil, in Ladak, in June. ^ , Plb
According to Dr. Scully the Kestrel is a permanent resident in Eastern Turkes <
common throughout the plains during the whole year, and observed in the hills of ® aI1ak*
also, up to an elevation of about 12,000 feet. The Turki name for the Kestrel is
Dr. Severtzow says that the Kestrel is often seen in summer on the Pamir an
Suborder PAN DIONES.
Genus PANDION.
23. PANDION HALIAETUS.
Pandion fluviatilis, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873)
Pandion haliaetus (L
/■ -,02; v cl
uun , Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 449 (1874) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875,
East. Persia, ii. p. 114 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 146 (1877) ; Scu y> ^ ^o)-
p. 420; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 82; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. P-
No. 182. Srinagar, July 27, 1873
Suborder S T R I G E S.
Earn. BUBONIDvE.
Genus SCOPS.
21. Scops brucii. (Plate II.) .,
Ephialtes brucii, Hume, Str. E. i. p. 8 (1873). , gcuHf’ 1
Scops brucii (Hume) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 62 (1875) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p- ’
p. 426. 1 J
No.800. Karatagh Lake, October 10, 1873. — Length 7‘6 inches, wing 6-25, tail J5 ppl ^
expanse 21'5 ; bill from front 0-63, from gape 0-75. Iris sulphur-ye 0 0p ^
feet greenish horny. Temperature at night 25° below zero. Caught at 11 o
ground near my tent.
AYES.
13
v°‘ ®42- Shahidfila, October 21, 1873.
•1459. Panjah, April 13, 1874.
Colie^S' an<^ ^-459 are °f the usual pale type and are matched by others in the Hume
MVlSou;°n ^rom various parts of the north-west of the Indian Peninsula. The British
The i (:ori^ns eight specimens of this rare species of Scops Owl, including the young bird.
tin„0 11 h difference perceptible in the series is that some specimens have a more ochreous
W\veen Ule some ai'e greyer. The specimen from the Karatagh Lake is a distinct link
(S'. , S. Afghanistan, April 23, 1880 (J. A. Murray). — Wing 60 inches.
Ad \ banian, June 3, 1880 (77. E. Barnes). {C urine bactriana, Barnes, Str. E. ix. p. 215.)
r> ad dltanpur, Gurgaon, December 7, 1877 ( W. N. Chill). — Wing 63 inches.
var- turcomanus, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. Ill (1873).
Bubo Y‘taVUS (nec Torst.) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 111.
" rcomanus (Eversm.) ; Sbarpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 17 (1875) ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 55;
Bubo ,d . ' °is' Transcasp. p. 22 (1885).
iv. p. 129 ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 473 (1887) .
" >0’ ^lomeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 83.
CoHceiSt Seen °Pen waste ground, near Beshkant, on the 4th of Eebruary . It was
^ Whop s ,?t]U °f Crows, who seemed to be tormenting it, flying after it and surrounding
a§aip rri( ( . 011 the ground, but always keeping at a respectful distance. The bird was
^urkestap " a^ Tungtash, near Karghalik, in August.” Mr. Hume notes that the
hreorti S^ecimeri8 °f the Eagle-Owl belong to the eastern pale form of the species,
nus, Eversm.
A.
26.
Genus NYC TEA.
^Tctea Nivea
*Urnia nive n
Syctea sc }U> ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873).
Cyctea nivea la^a> Chesser, Ibis, 1875, p. 110; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 125 (1875).
Sir.
Scully, Str. E. iv. p. 128 (1876).
v' r' J-'sc
^ . nomeyer & Tancrd, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 83.
's 'dlai Was "brought alive to Dr. Scully at Kashghar, in December. The Turki name
Kush’ (the Noble bird).
14
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus A S I O.
27. Asio ottjs. _ lbiS)
Asio otus (L.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 227 (1875); Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 112 ; A1 ^ g0c.
1881, p. 45; Scully, ibid. p. 424; id. J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 79 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Lm '
(2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 67 (1889).
Otus vulgaris (Flem.) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 116 (1876) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 127 (18/6).
AEgiolius otus, Scvcrtz. Turkcst. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873).
Strix otus, Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 83.
No. 922. Sanju, November 1, 1873.
Nos. 1050, 1052. Yarkand, November 24, 1873.
No. 1126. Kashghar, December 10, 1873.
Colonel Biddulph also obtained a specimen about 10 miles east of Yarkand on 1 ,eVei
of November. He says it was never seen in the hills, but was common in the plains ’d
there was any bush-jungle. Dr. Scully states that the Long-eared Owl was cornu10
Kashghar and Yarkand during the winter ; about the beginning of April it migrated, P
towards the forests of Maralbashi and Aksu, where he was told that it was known
In Turki it is called ‘ Mashak Yapalak,’ or Cat-Owl.
Genus CARINE.
28. Carine bactriana. (Plate III.)
Athene noctua orienlalis, Scvcrtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873).
? Carine glaux, Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 110.
Carine plumipes , Swinh.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 137 (1875).
Athene bactriana, Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 130 (1876).
Carine bactriana (Hutton) ; Barnes, Str. F. ix. p. 215 (1880) ; C. Swinh
100;
SCOW’
Ibis, 1882, p
J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 79 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 67 0»s-
Athene plumipes meridionalis, Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 155 (1877) ; Menzbier in
Transcasp. p. 22 (1885). 9
Iris pure sulphur-yellow; bill greenish yellow ; feet greenish, claws bluish horny
cere pale greenish white and swollen; nostrils dark green. Closed wing
within # inch of end of tail.
No. 1381. Kashghar, March 8, 1874. ^ &a\V
In Dr. Stoliczka’s diary is a note : — “ Yangishahr. On the 6th of February Ooni
an Athene carrying grass for its nest in the hole of a bank of a river.”
Colonel Biddulph procured a male at Kashghar on the 5th of March, 1874. H® ' ^ I
“ Shot in the wall of the fort. It was common about Yarkand. I saw a small W ’
believe to have been this species, between Tashkurgan and the Pamir.” ^yiaS
Dr. Scully observes : — “ I first got this species at Kashghar in November, two bir ^
been brought to me alive. This little Owl was common near Kashghar and Y ai'kan ^ apd
the whole winter and was observed at Sanju in August. It is a permanent
breeds in the country, living principally in holes in mud-banks and feeding on ?rvted
and beetles. I have seen it flying about freely m the daytime, but its habits ar
to be chiefly nocturnal. The Turki name is ‘ Chaghundak.’ ”
AYES.
15
Order PASSERIFORMES.
Suborder PASSERES.
Family COR VIM.
29. q r Genus TRYPANOCORAX, Sundev.
Co PA>'0C0RA-x BBUGILEGTTS.
Ibl B'nn‘ Syst. Nat. i. p. 156 (1766); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873); Dresser,
p. 237; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 157 (1876) ; Blauford, East. Persia, ii. p. 263 (1876);
Ko
Pidd * ’ acu11^ p ■
jj0m 1 pb. Ibis, 1881, p. 77, 1882, p. 284; Scully, ibid. p. 571; C. Swinhoe, Ibis, 1882, p. Ill ;
Pam e^r.^ Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 88 ; Radde, Orn. Cauc. p. 125 (1884) ; Oates,
'rypano ' Brit- 1,1(1 ■, Birds, i. p. 18 (1889).
p. 68J>(i8gg^^MSj Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 9 (1877) ; id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v.
ex ^ ai'kand, November 8, 1873. — Length 18‘2 inches, wing 12,3, tail 7’0, tarsus 2-0 ;
[A Aris dark. Brown; bill black; feet black. “ Kara Kargba ” (Tarki).
plume^j^ at^U^ Bird, with the face and throat not quite denuded of the black downy
face 1 ^asBghar, December 20, 1873. [An immature bird with completely feathered
Ro. 1280
V l277' Eashghar, January 26, 1874. [Fully adult.]
r0t..- . XasBghar, January 26, 1874. [Not fully mature, as it has the throat still
Ro. 1270 a down.]
Probal 7^as^»Bar, January 26, 1874. [In worn plumage with fully feathered face —
Ro. l5ggL 3 a young bird of the preceding year.]
face th ail*ar^sBj April 26, 1874. [In very rusty and worn plumage, with feathered
le 11 °at showing signs of denudation. Both this and the preceding specimen
• ^'0rh flip , "^7 Gl'- Scully the Rook is only a winter visitor to Kashghar, disappea:
is ue vieimtv nf • xi. v ,, ,
\Vouj(l i J vv 1L1 o at;iiuad.Lio
probably not have nested this year.]
ring
Ah
Sa-id to b Cm!ty Yarkand in the beginning of April, migrating to the north, where it
leed in the hills near Aksu.
| ■, le Rotten l "1 In TBe luBs near Aksu. The Turki name is ‘ Portumchuk Kargha,5 i. e.
1 ' The P°e i ^'L0W’’ in allusion to the rough scabrous skin covering the base of the
00 v 3S plentiful in winter in North-western India.
0RVUS C0lUx Genus COR VUS.
^ 0rvus corax T •
1875} p ^ySt’ ^at‘ B I3' 455 (1766) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis,
Pijev in ]>' 1 b ^aCZ' Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 172 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 261 (1876) ;
Se*ertz tv ^ 0rn' Misc- ii- P- 283 (1877) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 14 (1877) ;
_ (1887) • o S’ l3- > Zarudn. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1885, p. 59; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 473
thib’Z^ Brit- Ind-j Birds> B p- 14 (1889)-
0rvus lawyer,,.-- „ Ume & Hcudcrs- Lahore to Yark. p. 234 (1873) ; Scully, Str. P. iv. p. 155 (1876).
11 ’ llume; Swiub. Ibis, 1882, p. 111.
16
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
•lit
Kargil, August 19, 1873.— Wing 179 inches.
Snurla, on the Indus, August 24, 1873.
Leh, August 30, 1873.— Wing 19-3 inches.
Leh, September 4, 1873. — Wing 18'4 inches.
Kalti Ailak, March 1, 1874.— Wing about 17 inches. _ tll0ug
This is the specimen recorded in the Diary (p. 33), and which 0 lC , uloultj"=
was so small as to he certainly C. lawrencii of Hume ; hut it is in worn an
plumage, and consequently the measurements are defective.
1541. ' Aktash, May 5, 1874.— Wing imperfect, about 17 inches. Q tar5llS
Karakorum-brangsa, June 15, 1874.-Length 25 inches, wxng 18-3, tail
2-8 ; expanse 54. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black. kleS °f
Mr. Oates has drawn attention (l. c.) to the difference of size in the t]u’°^^ctecl W
the upland Raven, and his conclusions are decidedly confirmed by the sene ^ ^
Dr. Stoliczka. All the Ravens obtained in Leh are of the form called C. hbeta ’
from the neighbourhood of Yarkand are of the smaller race, which Hume called ^ Qates J
Dr. Stoliczka seems to have noticed this himself, and onjhe whole ques i^ / imPossib
No. 463.
No. 527.
No. 597.
No. 613.
No. 1383.
No.
Ad.
±Jl m 13 LUllv6lV.w SL/Ciiio ee/ x w ^ ^ ... J. H i g
remarks should be studied, though he agrees with me (Oat. . m. P- J j1 Tjidk111
to separate the Alpine Raven as a species. Eurther notes on the dimensions 1
Central Asiatic Ravens will be found in Mr. Hume’s account in Lahore o
in Dr. Scully’s paper ( l . c.).
Colonel Biddulph says
but quite by themselves on the plain, and generally in paiis.
• cs
aiflP’
* 1
Colonel Biddulph says that C. tibetanus was found throughout Ladak, not n b reJfXe^el
ever seeing
a Raven in Yarkand. He observes: — “On
13,500 feet, I saw a flock of C. tibetanus of about
Between Kizil and Ak Robat, in the desert, I saw several flying overhead
He could not *e of
the Pamir, at an e) f foil1,
twenty birds, and s *° 1
- -
found them very tame and plentiful (this was in June) nearly at the top of the a
^ -CM
juv. xrenutu^u B n.t, „ « — ~ . ; The Tibet Raven accompanied the camp ^ ^d
out, from the first entry into Ladak right through Yarkand, almost to the ci J
back again. It was extremely familiar and bold, and it was impossible to le ^ ^
eatable about which it did not attempt to steal. Even milk-pots it would delib ^h1
to obtain a sup of the contents. At the greatest altitudes and through the ^ W
deserts at least half a dozen accompanied the camp, some doubtless of the v J ^hen ^
thus travelling the whole way from Leh to the vicinity of the city of Yarkand-,
camp divided, about half the Ravens went with each party. On first starting m • ^ t,l0 o
they always accompanied the party to a short distance, and then they re ui ^indi a
camping-ground, apparently to make sure that nothing eatable had been e ^ party
there they might be seen prowling about wisely for an hour or so, again joinin-,
the afternoon at the new camp.” , , 0O tUe
Dr. Stoliczka noted the Raven as beginning to build its nest near A v as
of May. . t wifb
Dr. Scully says that on the return journey, in August, the Raven was
Kizil Yailak, and was very numerous about the Sanju Pass.
18,500 feet.”
Dr. Henderson’s note is as follows
AYES.
17
31.
C°LOiUs
C'orv
COLLARIS.
Genus COLCEUS.
Hi
CoCus C°UariS> Drummond, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, xviii. p. 11 (1846).
Uen ,/le U^a (nec L.) ; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p.662 (1856, pt.) ; Hume &
Con-,,, mCerS; Lahore to Yark- P- 239 (1873) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 158 (1876).
East°P ■ (--eC L,) ; Severtz- Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873) j Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 237 ; Blanf.
fc rp C1fla’ ii- P- 263 (1876); Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 77; C. Swinb. Ibis, 1882, p. Ill; Homeyer
om- Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 88; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 85 (1887); Oates,
Co^UsZ/ ■ Ind" BirdSj i- P- 22 (1889)'
P- 68 Hr’ Sharpe^ Cat- B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 27 (1877); id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3,
^0. I50 _
N'0, l8s Daramula, July 25, 1873.
rT Srinagar, July 28, 1873.
■Nos. ggQ 6Se specimeus are in full moult.]
tars f^sgam, November 7, 1873. — Length 13 inches, wing 9*1, tail 4'9,
No. Qj:, Us J; ‘ 5 expanse 26'0. Iris blue ; bill and feet black. “ Zachea ” [Kokand).
rT] Farkand, November 8, 1873.
Nos. (f c°Har is nearly obsolete in this specimen.]
[Tli ' Yarkand» November 9, 1873.
feat jA 'ese two specimens, as well as No. 983, have a slight indication of a fringe to the
N°$. 1 s (]'- Die hind neck, showing a faint approach to C. dauricus .]
\r ' 5 1354- Kashghar, Ecbruary 14, 1874.
u>- Oat
^ '^ope [q S c oes n°t admit that Coloeus collaris is distinct from the ordinary Jackdaw of
^lei Tviiejl ^ne^u^a)- I fancy that the birds which do not show a hoary collar are imrna-
^°n Die East COlUse’ Diey would be exactly like young C.monedula. At present I look
Record; jv°ln ’^ackdaws as forming a well-marked race.
^Ptaius 0f 3\ [° ,Jr' ®cuDy they are only winter visitors to Kashghar, but they breed in the
j ] ^ iSU- Colonel Biddulph obtained a specimen at Maralbashi in January 1874,
j ColOQej states to be absolutely identical with Kashmir individuals,
fa ^arkand at s ' S no^e : — " Very common in Kashmir. This species, too, we first met
1 as Nlaraii \'lnTu' Tf was very common during the winter everywhere in the plains as
Heiad ' ^ ^ tkd not, however, ascend the hills in the Pamir.”
i^^nii, whei. P- 55 > Zarudn. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 1885, p. 59; Radde,
J****9 shaZ’i Snafpe' Trans- L“n- Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 68 (1889).
95o o [ at6Sj Faun' Brit- In(L, Birds, i. p. 20 (1889).
t > ; r- * — j •
^Uj November 1, 1873. [A pure-bred Hooded Crow.]
D
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
'Oflh
• • a c cor*
[Hybrid between C. sharpn ana
lv P1*6”
[A specimen in wliicb C. corone lai0e
No. 1070. Yarkand, November 21, 1873.
tbe latter element predominating.]
No. 1077. Yarkand, November 28, 1873.
dominates.]
No. 1279. Kasbgbar, January 26, 1874. [Pure-bred Hooded Crow.] ^
Tbe Yarkand birds are like the Siberian ones, much paler and more dove-colour
C. cor nix of Europe, but yet not light enough for C. capellcmus. _ p^std'11
Dr. Scully says that the Hooded Crow was very common in the plains 0
Turkestan during the winter, when it was seen daily at Kashgliar and Yarkan , c
with the Rook and the Black Crows. w it at *
Colonel Biddulph’s note is as follows " Is a winter bird. We first found th0
in November, and towards Yarkand it became commoner, being mixed up wi 1 g^re
.. i , tt- 4-^. « /InniliOO! 1YL oil J
jet®
Crow, and all through the winter about Kashgliar it was common to a degiee ^ th°
and everywhere. When we went towards the Pamir it disappeared diiectly we » _ peop^
hills, and had left the plains of Yarkand altogether when we returned in May. ^ yangi
said they went eastward.” Dr. Scully also states that he saw the species firs jt
Hissar in October, and it migrated from Yarkand about the end of March, to ieI . specieS
said, to the hills near Aksu, where it is reported to breed. The Turki name for
is “Ala Kargha,” the “Variegated Crow.” foiiUd 1
This same pale form of Hooded Crow extends to Siberia, where Mi. Sf?n °w of i’01'819’
breeding with C. corone at Krasnoyarsk. It also appears to be the ordinary Cro
and reaches to Gilgit and the extreme north-west of India in winter.
33. Cobone corone.
lbis> l8/5'
Corvus corone, Linn. S. N. i. p. 155 (1766) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873) ; Dressei, goine)'®r
p. 237; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 156 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 76; Scully, ibid, p- 5/ W ‘
& Tancre, MT. orn. Ycr. Wien, 1883, p. 88 ; Badde, Ornis, iii. p. 473 (1887) ; Oates,
Ind., Birds, i. p. 16 (1889).
Corone corone (L.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 36 (1877).
Corvus culminatus, Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 157 (1876).
No. 656. Leli, September 9, 1873.
No. 1067. Yarkand, November 28, 1873.
No. 1278. Kashgliar, January 26, 1874. ^ gculV
I cannot see any difference between the two specimens of Crows collected by ^ ^0ul>f
and now in the Hume Collection. They are both, to my mind, C. corone, al ^
C. culminatus crosses into Yarkand. . ^
Dr. Scully found the Carrion-Crow very common throughout the plaiu® ^ eggs-
Turkestan, where it lives permanently and breeds. He gives a description of
34. Corone macrorhyncha.
17 a8
Corvus macrorhynchus, Wagl. Syst. Av. Corvus, sp. 3 (1827) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds,
Corvus levaillanti, Less. Traite, p. 328 (1831) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 77 ; Scully, ibid. p. 5 ^ pg 1i)‘
Corvus intermedins, Adams, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 171; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p
Corone macrorhyncha, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 38 (1877).
Corone levaillanti, Sharpe, t. c. p. 39 (1877).
Corvus culminatus (nec Sykes), Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 62.
AYES.
19
N°. 134 TT
• Urumbu, July 24, 1873.
Inis ST10„' , . „
'l)ecies is found throughout the Himalayas and extends to Gilgit.
35.
^ICA
Genus PICA.
PICA.
Cor
Pica ‘ccmd Linn‘ S‘ N‘ 1 P' 157 (1766)-
Pi cu bactri ^ ^Cvcitz‘ Murkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 58 (1885).
Pica r,,J:am’,JAv' ’ Hume & Senders. Lahore to Yark. p. 240; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 158 (1876).
rmir„ 1 1 ~~ * UJ P- ; ocuny, air.
Hams. , tv°P‘'’ DresseL Ibis, 1875, p. 238; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 264 (1876); Wardlaw
p 1^80, p. 63; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 78; Scully, ibid. p. 572; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882,
(18871 5 o°meyer & Taucr(', MT. orn. Vcr. Wien, 1883, p.
Pica media PaUn‘ Brit- lnd'-> Eirds> 1 P- 24 (1889).
88 ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 85
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 62 (1877) ; id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3,
fiicapic7n Pr.icv- iu Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 278 (1877).
(Jj0 J Sharpe
jP- 69 (1889).
449 n -v
N°. 433' ^hlliscambo, August 18, 1873.
^To. 5 io' ®hai’gol, August 20, 1873.
^eh. August 27, 1873.
(tt° iUlm) le fd,ove specimens are in full moult.]
■^o. 92q _ Sa,\ju, October 28, 1873. “Hakke” (Kolcand); “Saghizghan” (Turlci).
Ao. ijg, knnju, November 1, 1873.
^°. X523 ^hakmak, Thian-Shan, January 3, 1874.
Alth Pan-'ah’ APril 14-23, 1873.
^agpies atu perfectly willing to admit that the amount of white on the quills in the
rpl ealle(j _p COnsi(Ierably, yet none of the above specimens approach the white-winged
^Patently 0nj eucoP^era> which was only obtained in the vicinity of Yarkand. Dr. Scully
w at Ya q.met ^ie ordinary form of Magpie, but the winter specimens observed
2 aSpie was q !,^a^ Were probably P. leucoptera . He gives the following note: — “This
a 1 °f Septei^| ° )sei’ved> within the limits of Kasbgliaria, at Kiwaz (elevation 7500) on the
. dtere jj. wag01 ’ A^er that it was not seen until we reached Kashghar in October,
^ dlecemher S ( 0,nnion iQ gardens and on roadside tx*ees during the months of November
t^a8glers ave 1 . ^ !le ^ird appears to be almost unknown at Yarkand, where only a few
0 °e0asiOlls 0ecasionaUy seen in winter. On the return journey in August it was seen on
Pears to pa'rs near Kizil Aghil and the Chucliu Pass. In summer this species
and so Jfi Plc Bldds round Eastern Turkestan, viz. north of Aksu and Kashghar,
^r.” fpi °a 1 oP Yarkand and of Sanju, descending to the borders of the plains in
j-*r. Header ^rce(Ps at Gilgit.
VjU ^°ji-la in|0°!T sta^es that this species was “first met with at Dras, soon after crossing
1 Until tfi a c a^- AU through this latter province it was common about every
asllambri.’ ” 0 ang°ug Lake was reached. In Ladak it appears to bear the title of
ln
rIl(Jl<: ktdug Vall^^i Wl^es ' ' ^ c Brst Pou n d this at Kargil, and it became very common
ah Wl
tv
'°ut
itU a Map ^ we l°st it directly we crossed into the Pangong valley. We again
^ tiroes and" ^ " march al°ove Sanju, and thence we found it very common
10 kandr we l CU.il"vataon the whole way to Kashghar and to Maralbashi ; but on our way
ost it beyond Aktala, the first camping-ground in the hills (5500 feet).”
j> 2
20
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
36. Pica leucoptera. yer
Pica leucoptera, Gould; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 66 (1877) ; Homeyer & Tancre, YlT- 0 ,^gg9).
Wien, 1883, p. 88 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 52 ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, P-
Pica caudata, /3. leucoptera, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873).
No. 1111. Yangihissar, December 2, 1873.
No. 1173. Kashghar, December 21, 1873.
Cat. b'
prih
Genus UEOCISSA.
37. Urocissa playirostris.
Urocissa flavirostris (Blyth); Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 242 (1873) ; Sharpe.
Mus. iii. p. 72 (1877) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 27 (1889).
No. 18. Murree, June 23, 1873.
No. 58. Murree, June 28, 1873.
No. 276. Gond, Sind Valley, August 8, 1873. ^ jS
Mr. Hume’s opinion tbat Gould’s 77. cucullata cannot stand (Lahore to Yark. P- " jgjjt
confirmed by Mr. Oates ( l . .). Dr. Henderson states that the species was very a ^ a)Jd
throughout the Kashmir valley, at the foot of the hills ; it was met with at Dm11
again near Baramula and Uri.
Genus DENDROCITTA.
38. Dendrocitta himalayensis.
Dendrocitta himalayensis, Blyth; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 79 (1877) ; Oates, Faun.
Birds, i. p. 32 (1889).
No. 125. Hhara, Jhelum Yalley, July 17, 1873.
A nestling, not fully grown.
Brit-
1»L
Genus GARRULUS.
39. Garrulus bispecularis.
Garrulus bispecularis, Yig. P. Z. S. 1830, p. 7 ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p'
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 100 (1887) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 39
No. 13. Murree, June 23, 1873.
A couple of specimens were obtained by Dr. Henderson on the road to Kashin1
side of the snowy pass ; it was not noticed elsewhere.
40. Garrbltjs lanceolatus.
Garrulus lanceolatus, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 7; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 101
Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 38 (1889).
No. 8. Murree, June 21, 1873.
No. 41. Murree, June 25, 1873.
41. Nucipraga mttltiptjnctata.
Genus NUCIFRAGA.
2^9 (1
Nucifraga multipunctata, Gould, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 23 ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark P' , '
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p, 55 (1877) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 78; Scully, ibid- P-
Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 41 (1889).
8/3);
it
AYES. 21
’ “^1-293. Gaganghir, August 9, 1873.
Was met ndfeT1S0^ ^ates that this species was common in the valley of Kashmir in October;
'Vl 1 Sonamarg, below Baltal, and as low as Gond.
42.
^CITLXJS GRACTJLTJS.
Genus GRACULUS.
Co
FregulraCUlUS‘ Linn- SJst- Nat. i. p. 158 (1766).
brmius
P- 63
fJa^[WS^; Hume & Headers. Lahore to Yark. p. 243 (1873); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn.
285 (1877);
Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien,
p. 474 (1887).
p. 264 (1876) ; Biddulpk, Ibis,
P’ 63 n G^o IU XclJLlY. JJ. yi OiO) } UCVCI tZi. XU
Seall ■ T173) ’ Scu11^ H- iv. p. 159 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Mise. ii. p
1883 L lblSj 1881, P‘ 572 > Swinhoe, Ibis, 1882, p. Ill; Homeyer & r|'— “ ^ -
FreoHy,. /’■ P' 88 ; Zarudn- 0is- Transcasp. p. 59 (1885) ; Radde, Ornis, hi.
Pyrrhoco! aymus> Gould; P- Z. S. 1862, p. 125.
1SJ a* Hresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 237; Blanf. E. Persia
Gracdu* ’ P' 78 ; Scvertz- His, 1883, p. 55.
Qraculus 9™cu}lls (L-) > Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 146 (1877).
39o ' J>emUa (h.) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Iud., Birds, i. p. 43 (1889).
No. 590 ^ataian> Eras Valley, August 14, 1873 ( Capt. Trotter ).
Nos. ei2 pi’ AuSust 30, 1873.
No. 715 * f'6^5 September 4, 1873.
No. h82 lanksi, September 16, 1873.
No. lug' S^akmak, January 3, 1874.
^ ^asstekke, March 23, 1874.
^ two i^>CC^m0ns are vei7 large and the wing reaches to 12'6 inches, and the smallest
s hut it is absurd to found a specific distinction on
^PCe, havin' o° ^ Chough, which varies greatly in size — the specimen from Mataian, for
Hende° a on^v 10*7 inches in length (cf. also Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 147).
Galley tl 1>SOli' 0U ^lJS iourney, found the Chough “ very common all the way from the
t]|ls saine Ladak, to near the Pangong Lake. Bed-hilled Choughs, doubtless of
Were usuall* " °re common on the Karakash. On the upward journey, through Ladak,
j)(i°Und ; jn OctJI SGen feedin= morniug and evening, in larger or smaller flocks, in cultivated
6lly °1 the ° 31 1 5 °n Gie retum journey, they were feeding in enormous flocks on the
l Nr. 8cull ^Tophae rhamnoides. This bird was known in Ladak as the Chunka .”
TurkestUUteS : “ The Bed-billed Chough was first met with within the limits of
l2 o' Seea ever !11]011 ®anJu Pass in September 1874. When we got into the hills they
,'fj feet. rp|*V aiul were very numerous about Kichik Yailak at an elevation of
IV Chou o p0 U1^ Dame *s ‘ Ivizii tumchuk Kargha,’ the Bed-billed Crow.”
]1(y feet.” as ‘0Ulld by Colonel Biddulph “ common everywhere above 10,000 or
rQo) We ascend ^ 1 saw both this and the Alpine Chough up to the greatest
le slender tha ^ ’ Sa^ neai’ly 20,000 feet. I remark that the bills of the Pamir birds are
8a A llQle in S ^!ose l’r0m the Indus valley.”
°^lve on tke -i lcz^a s c Diary ’ says that this species had already got young ones near
1 of May, but eggs were still to be had at that date.
22
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus PYRRHOCORAX.
43. PYRRHOCORAX PYRRHOCORAX.
Corvus pyrrhocorax, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 158 (1766). . Jev
Dr. Stoliczka found it breeding near Sasstekke on the 16th of May.
44. PODOCES BIDDTTLPHI.
Genus PODOCES.
(Plate IY.)
15
1(187
D-
by
Podoces biddulphi, Hume, Str. E. ii. pp. 503, 529 (1874) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. in. P-
No, 1258, d . Maralbashi, January 1874. ibagbi
The typical specimen of Ik biddulphi was a female, procured at ^ia ^
Colonel Biddulph on the 10th of January, and it is now in the British Muse
No. 1730. Yarkand, May 15-20, 1874. “ Bought alive in bazaar.” both tl’ 1366,1367. Tughamati, February 19, 1874.
Sa ,le Epical specimens killed in August by Dr. Henderson have distinct spots of
tlle 9 U on head ; these spots are also seen in Dr. Scully’s specimen killed on
the " * ®eP^em^er in the desert near Sanju. In the two birds from Khushtagh
°f t }S^°t S are ^ess’ and in f61 the specimens shot in February there is no trace of any
ij, . e Pa^e spots, showing apparently that they are indicative of winter plumage.
Gn r°nte WaS discovered by Dr. Henderson in the desert ground after leaving Sanju,
Lr c? ^1Uslitagh, and also near to Oi-Tograk.
OClllh
mte
e ^ - 0
srveiies 1 ^ Wia^es : — “This species was only met with in the desert country which
eross(,(j een Sanju and Karghalik — an arm of the great Takla Makan Desert — which
^ehd 0p °n entering and leaving the plains of Eastern Turkestan. It was never seen or
S'ive.s a y Car. Kashghar, Yarkand, or the country which lies between those two cities.” He
^ ^ yitrJh lnter?StinS account °f the habits of the species, and says that 44 the Turki name
ffi’ely, calle^5 '' ^las rcforencc to the bird running in the trail of horses ; it is also, though
^arkestan G "f >nn sa9^z0^cmi, or 4 Sand Magpie.’ It is a permanent resident in Eastern
Oo Hermann> 0bs- ZooL P- 208 (1804).
bicruruo (Hermann) > SbarPc, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 246 (1877).
K0 90 Uter> °ateS'’ FaUn‘ Brit Ind'5 Birds> b p' 313 (1889)-
No. xgj' ^huttrebelasJ Jhelutn Valley, July 16, 1873.
hT0. -I oo' E,hara 0n the Jlielum, July 17, 1873.
Col ' Tinali’ JUlj 19’ 1873‘
0ll°l ^iddulph procured this species at Baramula.
50.
TpItNTJs MENZBIERI.
Eamily STTJENLCLE.
Genus STURNUS.
East 'ncc ’ Scvertz. Turkest. Jeyotn. p. 64 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 238; Blanf.
z .), r, Crsda’ h. p. 266 (1876, pt.) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 287 (1877) ; Finsch, Verh.
18*82 CS‘ Wien' XxiX- p- 301 (1879) > Bidd‘ Ibis> 1881> P- 78 > Scully, ibid* P- 573; C. Swinh. Ibis,
p_ 85*(l88~)^ * tlomeyer & Tanere, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 89; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi.
FaJ6^’ 8barPej this, 1888, p. 438; id. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p, 33, pi. i. (1890) ; Oates,
hTo. Q-o ‘ J nt' tnd-’ Birds, i- p. 522 (1889).
I>ora, November 4, 1873.
8Pec
io^S slICchnen
'-^csQjgx - ta full winter plumage, and appears to be the only individual of the
SS ^ Vl BodS8, bl Cray’s Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844) ; Shai-pe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 35
®turnus hu '18-1 Bume & Henders. Lahore to Yarkand, p. 250, pi. xxiv. (1873).
N°. mu> Bro°ks; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 520 (1889).
JS 224 July 27, 1873.
'X°. 25o.’ g . Srinagar, July 31, 1873.
expang113.^’ AuSust B> 1873.— Length 8-3 inches, wing 4‘5, tail 2-2, tarsus TO;
towavri6 bl11 from front 1’04, from gape 125. Iris yellow ; bill blackish, pale
Al] as tllG tips ; feet reddish brown.
Cl! °f ^ W? &re in .W°in and much abradcd Plumage. According to the strict
°rhia° d never ’ i y 0ates is u0 doubt riSbt m calling this species Sturnus humii, as
Cop ol°gist, resrU
obt^e;
A*
Dr. Scully writes:— “A single specimen of the Rose-coloured Starling w£lS i;1ks
ri' > , • o , i , .,,, . -TT-i i 1
Eastern Turkestan in September. It is said to be common in Khokand and ^
where it feeds on mulberries ; and the Yarkandi bird-catchers say that it only oC^Bt
mere straggler in Kasligharia, a few birds being occasionally seen in the suniinel
prevalence of strong north-westerly or westerly winds. Its Turki name is Sdcn.
AYES.
27
54, rn Genus TEMENUCHUS.
eAEKTJCHTJS PAGODAEUM.
^•dm pagodarum, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 816 (1788).
eme»uckus pagodarum, (Gm.) ; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 528 (1856) ; Biddulph, Ibis,
1881, p. 79 . Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 533 (1889) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii.
8t tJ; 73 (1890).
rn*" Paffodarum (Gm.) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 63; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 573.
°' l39- Hatti, July 21, 1873.
55.
^hlDOTHERES TRISTIS.
Acridoth,
Genus A C RID O TH E RE S.
eres tristis (L.) ; Hume & Ilenders. Lahore to Yark. p. 252 (1873) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis,
Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 537 (1889) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii.
tea ad] C°lcbll§ to Dr. Henderson this species was very plentiful in Kashmir, and was observed
to tlw. 1 S bemd Srinagar, after which it was not again met with till the expedition returned
the s*me localiti
l88°, p. 63 ; Oates,
P- 80 (1890).
ties.
56.
i(AT0EH amphtjs
Eamily EBJN GILLID HI.
Subfamily FRINGILL1NJE.
Genus PYCNORHAMPHUS.
Co,
ICTEEOIDES.
HeThraUStes Oroides, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 8.
P^iphona icteroides (Vig.) ; Hume & Henderson, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 257 (1873); Wardlaw
-ttarrismT tv : i
; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit.
p amsay> Ibis, 1880, p. 66.
U'rnphus icteroides (Vig.) ; Hume, Nests & Eggs Ind. B. p. 469 (1873)
* Us‘ x3- P- 44 (1888) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 198 (1890).
W. I]’ d ' Murree, June 22, 1873.
Y0 gA ^ • Murree, June 25, 1873.
tto 107 ? \ Dungagally, July 3, 1873.
hT0. J , Murree, July 9, 1873
344.
^ He:
Sonamavg, August 11, 1873.
uderson also met with this Grosbeak at Sonamarg on the 19th of J une.
57.
^cilla A
Genus PRINGILLA.
montieeingilla.
ddlu montifringilia , Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 318 (1766) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 64, 116 (1873) ;
lyser, Ibis, 1875, p. 241 ; Tacz. Bull. Soe. Zool. France, i. p. 179 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii.
s'c'l~7 (1876) ; Finsch, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxix. p. 205 (1879) ; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 87 ;
Cl" •,r> b °- P- 579 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Vcr. Wien, 1883, p. 89 ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 480
•w J 87) J Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 178 (1888) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 233 (1890).
^ O, R7a #
to 5 d acb Camp, Tam, October 25, 1873. — Iris dark brown ; bill yellow, blackish
tar aidS ’ beet Pale horny brown. Length 67 5 inches, wing 375, tail 2'68,
1SUs ; expanse 11 ; bill from forehead 0-45, from gape 062.
e 2
28
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
No. 869, d imm. Tam, October 25, 1878. — Iris brown ; bill as above ; feet pale
Length 6'35 inches, wing 33, tail 234, tarsus 075 ; expanse 1R2 ; bill from f°ie
0 45, from gape 0 62.
No. 883, d ad. Kiwaz, October 26, 1873.
No. 1196, d acl. South of Chakmak, January 9, 1874.
No. 1295, d acl. Kashgkar, Eebruary 1, 1874.
No. 1296, ? ad. Kashgliar, Eebruary 2, 1874. -ello^
No. 1482, d ad. Panjah, April 18, 1874. — Iris blackish brown; bill greenish
above, blackish towards the tip, yellow round the base, particularly below
brown, the claws darker, the soles yellow. Length 6-8 inches, wing 3’7, ^ ^ ^
t»ii ^
tarsus 0'8 ; expanse 11'15 ; bill from forehead 048, from gape 0'58. Wiugs rea
within L2 inch of end of tail.
Nos. 1583-84, d $ . Langarkish, April 26, 1874. „
1 0 u
The males shot in April are in full breeding-plumage, being black above am ^
sides of the face. Dr. Stoliczka’s notes show the change in the colour of bill in sUin
winter.
Genus CARDUELIS.
58. Carduelis caniceps.
Carduelis caniceps, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 23
79)'
Jbi3'
Ulus-
.243,
005 (18/ •
Pin sell, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxix. p- " JP3)
Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 67 ; Bidcl. Ibis, 1881, p. 85 ; Scully, t. c. p. 578 ; C. ^
1882, p. 115; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 89; Sbarpe, Cat. B.
xii. p. 189 (1888) ; Oates, Paun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 225 (1890) . _
Carduelis orient alls, Eversm. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 64, 116(1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 18 ’
387 ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 180 (1876) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 54 (l88o) •
Nos. 229, 231, 234. Srinagar, July 31, 1873.
An adult and two young birds. q . pill
No. 283. Gond, August 8, 1873. — Length 336 inches, wing 33, tail 2’0, tarsus ^ the
from front 0‘5, from gape 0'55. Iris dark brown; bill pale fleshy, dusky totvto
tips ; feet light horny brown.
Nos. 373, 378. Baltal, August 12, 1873.
No. 400. Mataian, August 14, 1873. _
Colonel Biddulph only met with this Goldfinch in Kashmir, and procured spcC1
Srinagar and in the Sind valley in July.
Genus CHEYSOMITRIS.
59. CflRYSOMITRIS SPINOIDES.
Carduelis spinoides, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 44. . ,
Hypacanthis spinoides, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 161 (1850) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Bh
(1890).
ii. V-
231
Chrysomitris spinoides , Sbarpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 201 (1888).
0-62
. ^
No. 282. Gond, August 8, 1873. — Length 3'25 inches, wing 3T, tail L8, tarsu^^V jl0p i/
from front 0-42, from gape 0-5. Iris brown ; bill fleshy brown above ;
brown.
AYES.
29
60.
Callj
Genus C ALL A C ANTH IS.
Call,
A-CANTHIS btjetoni.
a^rAUS.burtoni (Gould); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 232 (1888); Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind.
Ja™8' u- P- 226 (1890).
Seeii here116 ^^P*1 procured a male at Sonamarg on the 16th of July. He says it was
UU ab Gulmurg ou the return journey only.
6l- AcaNtttt« „ Genus A C A N T H I S.
£. Hls BrEVIKOSTRIS.
P 17Q lr°Stris> BP- ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 260, pi. 26 (1873) ; Scully, Str. F. iv.
Bid 1 r!]876) ’ B^anf East. Persia, ii. p. 250 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 306 (1877);
4eo^ . 1881’ p- 86’ I882’ P- 284-
Lin aria n ~‘ Lukung, Pangong Lake, September 19, 1873.
N0s. 792 Cllagra, September 21, 1873.
V p-jA Eamsal, Changchenmo Yalley, September 23, 1873.
Nos. ]nY Chakmak, January 9, 1874.
Nos. i ’ l447. Sasstekke, March 23, 1S74.
N
1511, 1521. Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
„ ,JQ . ^ ? • Panjah, April 24, 1874. — Length 55 inches, wing 3, tail 2'4, tarsus
darp’b^XBanse ; bill from front 0-38, from gape 0'42 ; length of foot 1-2. Iris
toe o-65°n SreeBish yellow, dusky towards the tip ; feet brownish black. Middle
"'os. 75^;. hind toe 0-5 ; wings reach within 125 of end of tail.
^0> ^558 5 t> . "P48, 1550. Panjah, April 24, 1874.
1846 Ban.iah, April 25, 1874.
A fun d Kugif*r’ Juilc 2’ 1874-
Psehru t nnefSC]ril>Uon °1 changes of plumage in this Linnet are given by me in the British-
£ ftp Scull °SUe 5
Turkest^68 sPecBiS was fairly numerous in the hills on the south side of
ll('hu p&ss ' an :i” devations from 8000 to 13,000 feet. It was first observed near the
u bn3 nestling. n WaS ^ite common near Gulgun Shah in the Karakash valley, where a
1 Augllst »>b ^as obtained, proving that the bird breeds in that locality — probably in July
ftp Stop
it and aftl f°Un4 tlle species common and evidently breeding at Panjah on the 15th
Pass on the 4th of J une, 1874, he says that he found
tli,
Lionel ValleA uear ftuba.
g0j ^Seug lak(|U^irS nc4e *s as follows : — “We first met with this Linnet at Leh and near
A- f\r e aiSQ 1 ® Procured them at intervals all across the Karakorum, both coming and
S°t them in the plains of Turkestan during the winter, and in Wakhan in
30
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
the spring it was particularly common. They were generally in small parties, the inclivhh 1 ^
of which, however, were a good deal scattered. They usually perched about on bushes-
obtain6
from
never remember hearing any song, nor did I see them in fields." Dr. Henderson
three specimens on the banks of the Arpalik River, in Hill Yarkand, a short distance
where the plains commence.
Genus MONTIFRIWGILLA.
62. Montifringilla adamsi.
Montifringilla adamsi, Moore, MS.; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 482, 1859, p. 178, pi. 156 ; Hume & ■v-
derson, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 262 (1873) ; Stoliczka, Str. F. ii. p. 463 (1874) ; Scully, Stl'‘ gj;
p. 172 (1876); Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 289 (1877) ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, PP- j^.,
Priev. Ibis 1884, p. 244; Sliarpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 261 (1888) ; Oates, Faun. bu
Birds, ii. p. 246 (1890). ^
No. 491. Kharbu, Ladak, August 21, 1873. — Iris light brown ; bill horny
yellowish at base of lower mandible; feet black. Length 7‘2 inches, wing
tail 3 0, tarsus 0'8 ; bill from front 0'5, from gape 062. q0w
Apparently an adult male after breeding, with the bill just beginning to turn }
The terminal third of the inner secondaries only is white, and in most of the|f ijy
black or brown colour extends to the end of the outer web. The back is incus
streaked with dark brown.
No. 496. Kharbu, August 21, 1873.
A male in worn breeding-dress, very similar to the foregoing.
No. 499. Kharbu, August 21, 1873.
Quite a young bird in ashy-brown plumage ; the head rather darker ashy
is
r , ba^
/ ii-c Ball- Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat. ii. p. 20 (1811).
Mc^mgilla nivnlis
Boie; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 242.
alpicola, Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 248 (1876) ; Seeb. Ibis, 1883, p. 10; Severtz. t. c. p. 60 ;
K0 . 1 C e’ 0rnisb m- P- 480 (1887) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 260 (1888).
ex y ' ^"as^;asu Eass, May 15, 1874. — Length 7 inches, wing 4'7, tail 3, tarsus 0'95;
l£ v ^ s e E 3 ' 7 ; bill from front 0'52, from gape 0-63; length of foot 1'4. Iris light
U'iuo^ 3r°Wn ; hill black ; feet blackish brown. Middle toe 0-8 inch, hind toe 0-6 ;
V leaeh within 05 inch of end of tail.
16/2. Kaskasu Pass, May 15, 1874.
°h the Tu1.',^°^Czk;a,s ‘Diary’ he writes that he had observed this same “ white Montifringilla
r;iage 0f Eass, north of Chakmak.” The occurrence here recorded extends the known
0 species considerably to the eastward.
E> ■ . XOn.LA sordid a.
(nec L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 75 (1873).
Biddy [ Stoliczka, J. A. S. Beng. xxxvii. p. 63 (1868) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 172 (1876) ;
p, gg * his, 1881, p. 88; Scully, ibid. p. 579; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883,
FrinSillauda FaUn' Brit- Indo Birds, P- 248 (1890).
^ r/*«er pn/ ne'n01 icola (nec Hodgs.); Hume & Henderson, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 264 (1873).
Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 64, 116 (1873).
sordida.
Uuda altaica
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 266 (1888) .
, Eversm. ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 60.
32
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Nos. 392, 393, 399, 403. Mataian, August 14, 1873.
No. 409. Mataian, August 15, 1873. — Length 6*25 inches, wing 3 '8, tail 2'55, tarsus ^
expanse 11*5; hill from front 0*43, from gape 0*53; length of foot 1*4. Ir*s
brown. ; hill horny ; feet blackish horny.
No. 521. Lamaguru, August 23, 1873.
No. 720. Imm. Tanksi, September 17, 1873. 0-72;
No. 1471, rf . Panjah, April 16, 1874. — Length 6*5 inches, wing 4, tail 2*78, tarsus ^
expanse 12 ; bill from front 0*4, from gape 0*5 ; length of foot 1*37, spread of
Iris yellowish brown ; bill dusky brown, pale at root and below ; fce^
brown.
Nos. 1491, 1493, 1495. Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
No. 1544. Panjah, April 24, 1874.
No. 1581. Langarkisli, April 26, 1874.
cou
firm9
his
lie
Dr. Stoliczka’s series contains apparently specimens of both sexes, and the series
my account of the absence of difference between them. What the above-named authoi^
‘Diary,’ took for the old hens must have been immature birds. On the 16th of - Ajfing
notes that the species was still migrating in large flocks near Sasstekke, but was be -■ g<
to pair. On the march up the Zoji-la, he found this species common “just on v0ice>
It flies about in flocks, very much like a Lark feeding on the ground. It has a chirpiri» „
not unlike that of Passer , and indeed replaces it, for we did not see one of the latter ho1^
Colonel Biddulph procured a female bird at Sakti on the 14th of September, | ^’uCfi
12,800 feet. Mr. Hume has appended to the specimen the following note : — “ This |s
more rufescent than winter and spring birds. The whole of the head, nape, uee r
throat, face, and upper breast are streaked with dull ferruginous brown, darkest on
theorem
fin
w , fUrieS’
The tips of the median and greater coverts, margins to the tertiaries and later seco r
and centre tail-feathers bright rufous-buff; back more mingled with rufous ; tips t° ^
tail-coverts rufescent and nearly obsolete.” Colonel Biddulph also obtained spct‘hlie jfe
Panjah in Wakhan in April 1874, and also in tbe Kalustan valley on the 6th of Julie' f up,
sends us the following note : — “"We found it on the Sakti Pass in September when
and all along the Karakash valley. It was also common in Wakhan in April and a
Kalustan valley in June. It seems generally common in the hills south of Turkes a
I did not observe it in the plains country or higher up than 13,000 feet.” strc^nh
“This species,” says Dr. Scully, “was observed near the course of the Sanju ' rg0ri
between Tam and Kichak-Yailak, at elevations from 8900 to 12,000 feet.” Dr. fiiVe<^
obtained a single specimen at Dras in Ladak, and thinks that some few birds proha 3
there.
65. MoNTIF RIN GILL A BRANDTI. jbis,
Leucosticte brandti, Bp. Consp. i. p. 537 (1850) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873) ; Pi'esser’
1875, p. 242; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 88; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 58. . gciiHh
Montifringi/la hatmatopygia, Gould; Ilume & Henderson, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 261 (1^/
Str. F. iv. p. 171 (1876).
Montifrmgilla branclli (Bp.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 269 (1888).
Leucosticte hcematopjgia, Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 58.
Leucosticte pamirensis, Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 58.
Fringillauda brandti , Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 248 (1890).
AYES.
33
N0. ^ ' _ Camp Tsultak, north of Chang-la, September 15, 1873.
Nos. goo ^ ^'Uy' Panksi, September 16, 1873.
N°. 807*J''806’ ? ‘ Karatagh Lake, October 10, 1873.
K°s. i ^ ‘ TJpper Karakasb Valley, October 10, 1873 (received from J. Biddulph).
j '1436, c s . Tarbasbi, March 28, 1874.
CoUectecl b' C|i e blowing note from my ‘ Catalogue,’ founded in great part on the specimens
"W. T jp 6 prfscnt PxP('ditiou : — “ The specimen described is a female bird obtained by
mens proCUv ^Qf°rcl ia tIle KanSra Lama Pass, Sikbim, on October 5, 1870. Two male speci-
rum., j10' °T1 |Pe same date by Mr. H. J. Elwes have more rosy margins to the feathers of
l^°Ult; a^dU aie general respects similar to the female described. Both are beginning to
f0reshadowii;nStead ^ie unif°rm ashy head, they have tawny-buff feathers with black bases,
k°Ui tbg s aPPearance of the first winter plumage of the young. This we also know
The ^'hole UeS CaPec^ed ki October by Dr. Stoliczka during the second Yarkand Expedition.
tllaatle an(n^)er SUl ^ace *s sandy brown, with darker brown centres to the feathers of the
he aeeioaor|s (^Cfl^^°Pygia) and M. pamirensis ; and Mr. Seebohm has kindly lent me the
^ £ U-( ^ i'kese differences were founded, including the types of M. pamirensis.
aYp-feat}jei,s Sau i° differ from the last-named species in having no red margins to the
e^g rosy inV]311^ °rPy a i'ew red-marked feathers on the rump, the lesser wing-coverts
■ •YJUng uj , 10 male and huffy rufous in the female. The type of the latter is quite
tl Saai by ge’ wkich accounts for the absence of
10 1!v‘" - evertz°ff to resemble M. brandti , but has the whole of the rump rosy, with
rosy colour. The true M. licematopygia
kps of th7fltZ°ff rescmi)ie M. brandti , but has the whole of the rump rosy, wi
' There s Ga^lers crims°n ; the lesser wing-coverts ashy, with no rosy on the margin.
cents to me to be nothing in these differences of plumage beyond what can be
J, There epp x aan^, vuuu uu i.uo; Uii tixc murgm.
■t as°aably acc TOS *° me 1° ke nothing in these differences of plumage beyond what can be
j ls evident th°f h°r ky age. In a large series, such as I have examined (over 50 skins),
Plu
j viaent that - ^ . -- v -- — .
^°Ung birds it s^ress can ke placed on the amount of rose-colour on the rump.
lIriage. 1 1S apparently feebly developed, and is sometimes absent altogether in winter
“ qij^
j^0l'e ka\vny ^umage of the adults differs from the summer plumage in being altogether
tha°k> get klac]| an<1. tPe edges of the feathers becoming shed, the head, and gradually the
Wie ^ack-lieacipi CUriously enough, the red edgings to the wing-coverts are never seen in
^toPygia> is *ta«e’ and hence Dr. Severtzoff contends that this form, the true M. hce-
lJe"^c°Verts ar^C1. cally distinct from M. brandti and M. pamirensis. The red margins to the
ckaracteri H ’ °^ever> so much more plain in the winter plumage, that I believe them to
Put
°u.”
Cole
season, being entirely lost by abrasion as the summer plumage is
^kfela a Pk s localities for the present species were Camp Tsultak, Sept. 15, 1873,
^ v 1 Pass, e 12th of June, 1874. He writes : — -“I first met Avith this crossing the
Lp d2,Ooo_pg QAr ,J.JI laroe ff°cks la October in the lower part of the Karakash valley at
5 eeP W e saw it again on our way to Wakhan in large flocks near Chehil
34
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Gombaz; again it was seen in great quantities and very tame about our camp 011
Yarkand river south of the Yangi Diwan Pass ; and generally we always saw it m ^lC
at elevations above 12,000 feet or so.” . ..j^
Dr. Stoliczka notes in his £ Diary ’ that this Pinch was “ very common ” at Kashmir J »
on the 11th of June, 1874. ff jjj
Dr. Henderson says that “this species was first met with after crossing the 0 1,; .^o0
above Leh. Prom thence it was seen at almost every camping-ground, until the EXP® aS
descended to the Karakash river. It was never met with below 14,000 feet, and
high as 17,000 ; at these great heights it was almost the only resident bird met with-
Lansdell found the species south of the Muzart on the 12th of August.
Genus RHODOPECHYS.
66. Rhodopechys sanguinea. (Plate V.)
Fringilla sanguined, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 127.
Erythrospiza sanguined (Gould); Blauf. East. Persia, ii. p. 252 (1876).
Rhodopechys sanguined (Gould) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 280 (1888).
Nos. 1461-1465, 1515, ad. Panjah, April 14, 1874. fistPe
No. 1468, <3 ad. Panjah, April 15, 1874. — Iris dark brown ; hill yellow, dusky tcm a^g 0f
tip of upper mandible; feet blackish, claws also; tarsi paler, brownish; * ^,oIu
feet dark. Length 7 inches, wing 4'2, tail 2'4, tarsus 0'8 ; expanse 12’8 ; 1 p-g
reach withi0
forehead 05, from gape 0 6 ; middle toe 08, hind toe 06 ; wings
of end of tail. , at
No. 1467, 6 ad. Panjah, April 15, 1874. — Iris dark brown ; bill dusky yellow, hlaC .jjpd
tip ; feet blackish brown ; tarsi lighter brown ; claws brown ; balls on soles of &e 9 C ■ Swinh- Ibis> 1882, p. 114; Menzb. Ibis, 1885, 'p. 353; Scully,
Shodospiz feilg‘ lvL p- 84 (1887>-
p 8o^igg^e^a’ Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 282 (1888); id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v.
890 arl o • „
lT]jfl’, ' ' Sanju, October 28, 1873. — Iris coffee-brown ; bill black, paler about the
ex e’ Eeet horny brown. Length 6 3 inches, wing 3'55, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-68 ;
No. 9ouanr ^ ^ ’ kill from forehead 0'4, from gape 055 ; length of foot l-25.
hT0s. 932 San«ffb October 29, 1873.
Nos. g ’ 337> ad- Sanju, October 30, 1873.
No. g34 5 J44’ a(h Sanju, October 31, 1873.
N°s. 975 -9% 0i'tograk, November 3, 1873.
N°s, 99o J7’ ad- Karghalik, November 6, 1873.
N°. p9gg ad- Yarkand, November 10, 1873.
N°. l3S()5 ad- Yarkand, November 21, 1873.
No. 173 J d\xr 44 L* 1. i m xi •
vv 0 -q * jr~jr — o J ^ seeping il m
°Uud> never i u Sa'V lfc kigh up in the hills. It is a true Eincli, rarely seen on the
Scully f °C^S’ always in pairs.”
■g.6 Plains of Kaswf ^ Species breeding in May and June. He writes “Numerous in
har ju S i8'hana, where it is a permanent resident. This species was common at
clU;
° ar wiif “ pcj.iuciuci.iu icMucui/. unis species was common at
Vion/far(//l,VA ’ "here it frequents the hedges, often in company with the Sparrow
kgT/*8 poplars T^ear Yarkand in summer it was found about trees, in orchards, and in
le species is§^ ^ ^aS a verJ sweet song, and feeds entirely on seeds. The Turki name
p 2
36
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
the
Dr. Stoliczka says in Lis £ Diary ’ that he got two nests and eggs near Yarkanc o ^ ^
23rd of May. One nest was in a vine-hnslx about eight feet above the ground, and olU.^e 0f
mulberry-tree about twenty feet above the ground. The nest was large, composed ou ^.^d,
thin twigs of a thorny bush, inside with a thick lining of cotton and old rags ant
- - ~ ‘ incn i
The whole nest is somewhat loosely or carelessly made, roundish, and about an
There were from four to five eggs in a nest ; one had nearly de i
but three inches wide,
young, so the bird must begin breeding about the beginning of May. The
bluish, with some short streaks or dots of dark brown round the thicker end.
eggs
are p
d
ale
Genus BUCANETES.
68. Bucanetes mongolicus.
Carpodacus mongolicus, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 447, 1871, p. 480; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, P
Str. F. iv. p. 169 (1876).
Erythrospiza mongolica (Swinh.), Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn
.56; ScuHf’
dl-
. i verlia»(U
. Misc. ii. p. 303 (1877) ; Finsch, > r6;
z.-b. Gesellsch. Wien, xxix. p. 212 (1879) ; Barnes, Str. F. ix. p. 457 (1880); Ho“eyer^
& Ta*cre'
MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 93 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 287 (1888)
Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 222 (1890). ^ 0^5.
Erythrospiza incarnata, Severtz. Turkcst. Jevotn. pp. 64, 117 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p-
Bucanetes mongolicus, Menzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 353.
No. 625, juv. Leh, September 14, 1873. . m pale
No. 728, d juv. Mug-lib, east of Tanksi, September 18, 1873. — Iris brown, .^c|,es,
fleshy brownish ; feet fleshy yellowish brown, soles orange. Length
wing 3-3, tail 2‘35, tarsus 09.
No. 729, $ juv. Muglib, September 18, 1873.
No. 887. Sanju, October 27, 1873. _ . fe^
No. 891, 6 ad. Sanju, October 28, 1873. — Iris brown ; bill yellowish pale h°rP^
horny brown ; tarsi with a reddish tinge. Length 6-3 inches, wing 3-7o,
tarsus 0-7.
Nos. 934, 941. Sanju, October 30, 1873.
Nos. 1133, 1135, 1147, 1148. Kashghar, December 11 to 15, 1873.
Nos. 1182-1192. Chakmak, January 7 to 9, 1874.
Nos. 1261, 1262, 1270, 1281, 1282. Kashghar, January 24 to 31, 1874.
Nos. 1306, 1328, 1331, 1332, 1334, 1347, 1349, 1351, 1352. Kashghar, Eebruary 4 t0
No. 1439. Tashkurghan, March 30, 1874.
No. 1519. Panjah, April 23, 1874
The young bird resembles the adult female and has very little rosy colour on
and none at all on the coverts or face. The upper surface and the wing-covei'ts
bL-own, and the whole breast and flanks are suffused with sandy buff. iLll0petel
In the £ Catalogue of Birds ’ I adopted the generic name Erythrospiza for the *
Bullfinches. Count Salvadori, however, has written to me as follows fl11'
Erythrospiza, Bp., was established much earlier than in the £ Eauna Italica.’ * °u ^ .g
it in the £ Osservazioni al Regno Animate del Baron Cuvier,’ p. 80 (1840), an_ (
* v.„ TT ~KT 1 111 o 4 TJ/xmvnoP'fP lH ^ .’ns
the I111
ills-
gaudy
equivalent of Carpodacus of Kaup. You have not noticed that Bonaparte ni e0ies
Italica,’ both in the £ Introduzione ’ and in the text of E. githaginea, says that t llS
not a typical Erythrospiza. So the genus Bucanetes must be used.”
AYES.
37
^°^'c'z^aj in his £ Diary,’ notes that the present species was very common near Sanju
itober, and on the
on the Sanju hills.
Dr- South J
°n the 9- , a’ in hls
st)poi*« 7' 1 of October, and on the 20th of the same month he mentions it as the only
1 7s lie noticed
even ti Writes : — “This species is only a winter visitant to Eastern Turkestan, and
Near Y^l ^ ^ T1°^ common > it is said to migrate eastwards, towards China, in the spring.
appea ar|d it frequents a sort of desert bush called KamghaJc , on the seeds of which it
8 t0 feed. It is rather a favourite cage-bird with the Yarkandis, on account of its
sweet
Somy ”
o*
n i
sPecie.s 1 - ®^dulph sends this note : — “ We first obtained one or two specimens of this
8everai & (13)000 feet) in September. Again in the Karakash valley in October
they l^efeiens were procured on our arrival at Sanju in the beginning of November;
specjnUiii^° seen settling in immense flocks in short grass in the morning. A few
Very Co S Wcre obtained during the winter in Kashgliar, and in Wakhan in April we found it
mon- They are chiefly ground-birds.”
Pet;
Genus PETRONIA.
Ronia
Fri
PETRONIA.
Pa^er Linn. S. N. i. p. 322 (1766).
Fyrr j/ °n^a ’ Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 420.
Petro. Upetronia (h.) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 288 (1877) ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 481 (1887).
*« (Gm.) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 255 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 79 ; Scully, ibid.
Petron°^i C' Swirdl- Ibis, 1882, p. 113; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 243 (1890).
Fetro J1 reV^ros^s> T^cz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 179 (1876).
naPetronia, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 289 (1888).
0~10' Kashghar, January 19, 1874. Length 6' 5 inches, wing 4, tail 2-33, tarsus
Irp expanse 12-2 ; bill from front 0'57, from gape 0'7 ; length of foot 1'4.
on S+i " e^owfeb brown ; bill bluish dusky, pale below ; feet fleshy brown, more dusky
No 1 tae soles-
J'’0. 1290 -rr
No. l2^- Naslighar, January 23, 1874.
No. ]9K ’ ^205, 1268, 1269. Kashghar, January 24, 1874.
No. Igor.' feasbgbar, January 25, 1874.
Kashghar, February 10, 1874.
VO.
lA$Ser
F'‘'in!nllu
Genus PASSER.
^lONTANUs.
Passer n‘mntana> Linn- Syst. Nat. i. p. 324 (1766).
Jev °^anus (-^ ■) J Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 500 (1856); Severtz. Turkest.
blani'1 p5 ^ (1873) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 254 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 239 ;
jtj, . st> Persia, ii. p. 255 (1876); Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 178 (1876); Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool.
I^ricnC 1'i>* ^ ~8 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 294 (1877); Finsch, Verb. z.-b. Ges.
Tan 'f / tJ‘ 210; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 64; St. John, t. c. p. 145; Homeyer &
Muf ^ MT' 0m' Ver‘ Wien, 1883’ P- 89 i lladde’ 0rniib hi- p- 482 (1887) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit.
Nq XU' IJ' 39‘^ C888) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 240 (1890).
os. 880 o?iWdz’ October 26, 1873.
5 4, 885, ad. Kiwaz, October 26, 1873.
38
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Nos. 973, 974, ad. Karghalik, November 6, 1873.
No. 1109, ad. Yangihissar, December 2, 1873.
No. 1204, ad. Kaskghar, January 15, 1874.
No. 1206, ad. Kaskghar, January 17, 1874.
No. 1212, ad. Kaskghar, January 19, 1874.
Nos. 1224-1226, ad. Kashghar, January 23, 1874
One of these is a cream-coloured variety,
entirely white.”
Nos. 1230, 1246, 1248, 1249, 1259, ad. Maralbashi, January 1874.
Dr. Stoliczka notes : “ I saW
an°
the*
at
J y — ; y 7 ' t/ L
Dr. Stoliczka mentions in his ‘ Diary ’ that the Tree-Sparrow first became abun
Kiwaz on the 20th of February. On the 14th of January he saw the first Passer
pairing and selecting a place for a nest. On the 22nd of May he procured a number 0
at Yarkand, and writes in his 8 Diary — 88 The eggs are rather large, and vary much m rUc
It builds in houses, but prefers holes of trees, and makes a large nest, inside thic 1
with wool, cotton, rags, &c. I saw as many as twelve eggs in one nest, and I wonder
they are all from the same bird.” , ffUst,
Dr. Scully states that the Tree-Sparrow breeds in Eastern Turkestan from May 1° ' ° 0f
and he believes that it rears two broods in the year. It is “the Common ®b:U, ..pited
year.
Eastern Turkestan, where it is a permanent resident. It abounds everywhere near
iulim
for
tU6
places and cultivated fields, up to an elevation of about 7500 feet. The Turki name ,^s
Tree-Sparrow is 8Ak Kuchkack,’ i. e. 8 The “White Bird,’ in Kliokand, and by the AwHi^^r
called 8 Ckumchuk,’ but a Yarkandi would not understand what was meant by ^l0
name.
of tbe
city
Dr. Henderson writes : — 88 The Tree-Sparrow of Europe is the House-SparroW
of Yarkand, where it is almost as familiar and impudent as the English or Indian
Sparrow. It was seldom noticed in the fields, or indeed anywhere except in and a
houses. In Turki it is called 8 Chum-Chuk.’ ”
71. Passer domesticus.
Fringilla domestica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 323 (1766). £ J>st"
Passer domesticus (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 239 ; ® ^
Persia, ii. p. 254 (1876); Tacz. Bui). Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 78 (1876) ; Finsch, “V erJ1- % . Yd’-
Gesellsch. Wien, 1879, p. 209 ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 112; Homeyer & Tancre, kll^
Wien, 1883, p. 89; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 308 (1888) ; Oates, Faun. Brit
ii. p. 236 (1890).
ii- P'
id-
Passer indicus, J. & S. ; Hume & Headers. Lahore to Yark. p. 252 (1873) ; Blanf. East. Persi®^ . pid
(1877) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 63; Bkld. Ibis, 1881, p. 79; Scully, ibid. p-
Ibis, 1882, p. 281 ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 85 (1887) ; Radde, Ornis, iii- P- 4
Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 79 (1889).
Passer domesticus indicus, Seebohm, Ibis, 1883, p. 8.
Nos. 245, 246, s ? ad. Srinagar, August 2, 1873.
No. 534, <$ ad. Sasptil, Ladak, August 25, 1873.
Nos. 556, 561, <$ , 563, 567, $ ad. Leh, August 28, 1873.
The bright-coloured race of the Common Sparrow, Passer indicus of authors
met with by the Expedition beyond Leh, and Dr. Henderson states that it was
in Yarkand ; nor is the species in Dr. Scully’s list.
a6
t
a
eVei 5
AYES.
39
ASSER HISPANIOLENSIS.
Passer0 h?Spaniolensis> Temm. Man. d’Orn. p. 353 (1820).
rsahcarius, Keys. u. Bias. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1873, p.239;
Passer? ^ ** 255 (1876)'
Scui77^-- (T-) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 79; Scully, t. c. p. 573; C. Swinb. Ibis, 1882, p. 113;
j • y’ A- s- Beng. lvi. p. 85 (1887) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 318 (1888) ; id. Trans.
Passer ^ Z°o1' v- P- 79 (1889); Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 239 1890).
Nos CicoIus> Bp. ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 164 (1876) ; Ward] aw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 64.
No. -j^88, ^ & • Cliakmak, January 7, 1874*.
ex 5 c' ‘ Sasstekke, March 23, 1874. — Length 6 inches, wing 3 '3, tail 2*5, tarsus 0'8 ;
d|| fnso 10; bill from front 045, from gape 06. Iris dark brown; bill brownish
No. ] on^’ yellow lateral base ; feet pale brown.
No. ^laralbashi, January 1874.
No' p,,’- TiSdu, Eebruary 25, 1874.
Col Pa^al1’ APril H-23, 1874.
^aatiary ]Sj,^ ^ddulph writes : — “ Stoliczka got the first specimen at the commencement of
^ashgPaj, ^ ^le t°°t ^le Thian-Shan range. Later a few specimens were got near
aPpareutiy^n* Pr' ®cuP-y, hlris Sparrow is tolerably common in the plains and is
a'ai’ki n;il' a permanent resident in Eastern Turkestan. It nests in May and June, and the
e is t£ Tarachi.”
73
CINNAMOIIEUS.
• Passer
Pyrrrit
™2namomea> Gould> B- z- S. 1835, p. 185.
BritA\rm°WeMS ^Gould) > Hume & Senders. Lahore to Yark. p. 252, pi. 25 (1873) ; Sharpe, Cat. B.
No. 9 1 US' Xn’ 1' 325 (1888) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 240 (1890).
4/ Md' Purree, June 20, 1873.
No. 3 8l> ad
N
Murree, June 26, 1873.
°s. 345^ 3ag ^urree, June 30, 1873.
el$
Sonamarg, August 12, 1873.
states that this Sparrow was common at Sonamarg, but was not seen
p SK R amiiodendri.
Rowley’ ndri’ Severtz‘ Turkest- Jevotn. pp. 64, 115 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 239; Prjev. in
P°s*er stJ *,■ Misc- h- P- 295 (1877) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 337 (1888).
N0 ir^ C*km’ Hume, Str. F. 1874,
N Ul2'
N°. Xl,
d ,
d
p. 516.
05 Nashghar, December 13, 1873.
tarsus o-q ^ashghar, December 1, 1873. — Length 6-8 inches, wing 3'26, tail 2'6,
bro^u • •' exPanse 9*7 ; bill from front O' 4, from gape 0'36. Iris dark chocolate-
x Min.,’ H d PRte Norny, yellowish at sides of base, paler below : feet fleshy white.
*°. Use" ?each within 1-8 inch of end of taiL
tarsus o-s tCashghar, December 17, 1873. — Length 6'9 inches, wing 3'15, tail 2'65,
’ exPanse 9'7o ; bill from front 0'4, from gape 0'55. Iris dark chocolate-
40
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
ft L
brown ; bill pale fleshy, tinged witb dusky yellowish at the lateral bases ; nc
tinged with dusky ; claws dark horny.
No. 1168, 6 . Kashghar, December 19, 1873.
No. 1208, <$ . Kashghar, January 18, 1874.
Nos. 1229, 1231, 1247, < j , 1250, ? , 1254-55, 1257. Maralbashi, January 1874.
No. 1294, 6 . Kashghar, January 2, 1874.
No. 1304, <5 . Kashghar, January 3, 1874.
Kashghar, March 11, 1874.
1345. Kashghar, February 12, 1874.
Aioksogon, February 19, 1874.
Jigda, February 22, 1874.
Jigda, February 26, 1874.
pale
No. 1338, e .
Nos. 1341, $
No. 1369, a .
No. 1372.
NO. 1378. uigua,
“ In December,” wrrites Colonel Biddulph, “ one or two specimens were obtain6 ^ ^
Kashghar. In January I found it tolerably plentiful along the road to Maralbashi- ^ey
them both feeding on the ground and perched in bushes. As far as I can remein
were always found singly or in pairs.”
Genus SERIN US.
75. Serinus pttsillus.
Passer pusillus, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 28 (1811).
Serinus pusillus (Pall.) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 243; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p.
. 373 (1888)' ^
Metoponia pusilla (Pall.) ; Hume & Renders . Lahore to Yark. p. 259 (1873) ; Stoliczka, Str. 1 • Jbis^
(1874) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 250 (1870) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 0/ , paiH1-
Bidd. t. c. p. 284; Oates,
1882
p-
115 :
tar1
,SUS
bro
1881, p. 86; Scully, t. c. p. 578; C. Swinh. Ibis
Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 230 (1890).
Orcegithus pusillus (Pall.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 64, 116 (1873).
No. 412, a . Mataian, August 15, 1873. — Length 5-2 inches, wing 3-05, tail 2.2
0*5 ; expanse 9 ; bill from front 03, from gape 0'4 ; length of foot Pi. IrlS
bill black ; feet black.
Nos. 450, 453, imm., 454. Chiliscambo, August 18, 1873.
No. 460. Kargil, August 19, 1873.
No. 779, juv. Chagra, September 21, 1873.
Nos. 1420, $ , 1424, d . Tarbashi, March 27, 1874.
No. 1559, P- 245; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 170 (1876) ; Taez.Bull. Soc.
• _ ranee, i. p. 181 (1876); Prjev. in Rowley’s Ora. Misc. ii. p. 181 (1877); Wardlaw Iiamsav,
18/*> P‘ 461> 188°, P- 67; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 83; Scully, ibid. p. 577; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882,
Cat ' (;vertz- Ibis, 1883, p. 10; Ilomeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 90; Sharpe,
p ' ' dt- Mus. xb- p. 391 (1888) ; id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 80 (1889) ; Oates,
Nqs UU‘ Bnt- Ind, Birds, ii. p. 219 (1890).
V °’,J> 401, , dC a3c rd)out the middle of August, and we found them extraordinarily numerous
°Xcept in theS IV nd ^ ^°Lda Lily on our return. The species was seen nowhere else,
l)r, g ii 11 .tan valley in June, and there it was common.”
No. 49i,
No. 47j,
£°- 588,
605
N,
ad.
d ad.
d ad.
2 ad.
2 ad.
d ad.
d ad.
d ad.
607,
622,
iTY17' ’is
flO. i7'7q .
So. ' ’ JUV'
Ko.
1856,
1861.
dad.
d ad.
aibong (|l(, '(UyV w rites : — “ This species was first observed at Sanju, where it was flitting about
° ei'nV'1 cs ’ was seen on several occasions in the hills among the bushes, and was
on the banks of the Karakash river near
was
^udli(h{]a j^erous the Hololaclme bushes un „Uu u.,u,huimi river
^ery com.m0tl .lad^a tolerably loud sweet note.” Dr. Henderson states that this Carpodacus w
P S l“ey Olid ] ,Ui t'xasl1niir in June and July, from the Sind Valley ; and in Ladak to the first
iv?1 t*ircls were*3 1 4dle ldrds were in small flocks, and only males were observed, so that the
l(Y the Exr)1 sitting. It was not observed by him in the high desert regions, and
l°e ition returned none were seen in either Ladak or Kashmir.
G
42
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
77. Carpodacus severtzovi.
Lahore
Carpodacus rubicillus (nec Glildenst.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873) ; Hume & ^nf^cZ. IJuU-
to Yark. p. 258 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 245 ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 169 (1876) ;
Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 182 (1876); Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 298 (1876) ; ®e'e
Ibis,
1883, p. 81 ; Menzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 353. . . OatcS'
Carpodacus severtzovi , Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1886, p. 354; id. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 400 (18 ’
Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 220. a
• A-R tan
No. 854, <3 . South of Sanju Pass, October 22, 1873. — Length 8*5 inches, wing 4
tarsus 0'85 ; expanse 13 '6. Iris dark brown ; bill greenish horny ; feet dark ^ ^5,
No. 855, $ . South of Sanju Pass, October 22, 1873. — Length 8 ‘25 inches, " ^ sapie
tail 3-5, tarsus 0-85 ; expanse 13-25; length of foot 1*5. Iris, bill, and feet
as in the male.
Nos. 875, 876, 877, 878, 2 . Kiwaz, October 26, 1873.
Nos. 1437, 1438, 6 $ . Tashkurgli&n, March 30, 1874.
No. 1460. Paujah, April 13, 1874.
No. 1518. Panjah, April 14-23, 1874. ^ aJJtl
Colonel Biddulph has furnished us with the accompanying note : — “ Both corlll^^j 0p
going we found this common in the Karakash Yalley below Shahidula (11,500 feey flje
the Yarkand side of the Sanju Pass (9000 feet) ; also in Waklian (9000 feet) ; aSain ^.ere
Kulustan Valley (10,000-11,000 feet) coming up to the Yangidewan Pass, where tuo ^
not very common. They were very abundant in June at Tutujalak (13,000 feet) bet"
Nobra Valley and the Tussia Pass.” _ ^ grid
Dr. Henderson procured a specimen on the 9th of October near the Pangong ‘ ^ ]ie
two young birds were also obtained on the Arpalak River on the 13th of Augnsb a^_t( \
remarks that the species probably breeds in the neighbourhood. Dr. Scully wriR^^gpu
pair of this fine species was first observed in a rocky gorge between Mazar and the
Pass ; they hopped from the buckthorn hushes growing by the side of a small A10 ban**9
stream and mounted up the hillside. After that this species was often seen along 'fb6
of the Karakash from Kurgan Ali Nazar to Oibuk (elevation 10,700 to 11,700 fe® ^ ji0se-
arrival of our camps at Toghrasu on the 22nd August greatly disturbed a family of tb0
Pinch ; the male bird especially was very excited, flying backwards and forwards a
hillside and crying shrilly to its two youngsters to follow it out of reach of dangcl • ^ pint
all the birds of this species which I shot were found to have the hills stained a s°| ^erry, aS
colour ; this was probably due to the birds having been feeding on some kind °
the colour rubbed off on wetting.”
78. Carpodacus rhodochlamys.
Pyrrhula {Cory thus) rhodochlamys , Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb. 1843, p. 27. ->1° ’
Carpodacus rhodochlamys (Brandt) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis,
Menzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 353; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 406 (1888).
Propasser rhodochlamys (Brandt) ; Stoliczka, Str. F. iii. p. 219 (1875).
Propasser rhodometopws, Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 156, pi. vi.
No. 722. Tanksi, September 17, 1873. . . pro"’11'
No. 726. Tanksi, September 17, 1873. — Bill pale horny; feet fleshy brown; irlS
Length 8'5 inches, wing 425, tail 3-63, tarsus 0-9.
AYES.
43
Ko"' 1°^* September 20, 1873.
Nos Yangihissar, December 1, 1873.
j^0g’ ^03, H05, 1106, 1108. Yangihissar, December 2, 1873.
j^0 ’ 1143. Kasbghar, December 13, 1873.
No‘ -. J46, Kasbghar, December 14, 1873.
I®5 d • Kasbghar, January 20, 1874. — Length 8 inches, wing 3‘5, tail 3‘45, tarsus 0'9 ;
expanse 10-75; bill from front 0-5, from gape O' 64 ; length of foot 1*5 ; wings
leach within 2'4 of end of tail. Iris brown; bill dusky, paler below; feet horny
brown.
(Vq^’ ^ ’ Kasbghar, January 20, 1874. — Length 7'75 inches, wing 3'3, tail 3'2, tarsus
, expanse 10'5 ; bill from front 0'5, from gape 0'62 ; length of foot 1*5 ; wings
reach within 2'1 of end of tail. Iris brown ; bill greenish dusky, pale below ; feet
No.loy7a;TtarSi fleShy’
x- Jaitupa, Eebruary 21, 1874.
79. q
RPoi>actjs stoliczka. (Plate YI.)
Car>aS/Ser s^°^Cz^c Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 523 (1874) ; Severtz. Str. F. 1878, p. 431.
Podacus stoliczka, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 403 (1888).
-bN O. IftKK
K0 iRyJ ^ ' Chiklik, June 4, 1874. (Type of species.)
°7. Chiklik, June 4, 1874.
that it °lle4 Hiddulph procured a female in the Ivulustan Valley on the 6th of J une. He says
gave toT tolerably common there, but was not noticed anywhere else. This specimen he
btirtae Q( ^ 4a4e Hr. Handelli and it passed with the rest of the Mandelli Collection into the
80.
DtRHTTLA ATJRANTIACA.
Genus PYRRHDLA.
h'd" fiurantiaca, Gould; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 258 (1873); Stoliczka, Str. F. ii.
(18 61 ^1874‘b Bidd- Ibis, 1881, p. 82; Scully, t. c. p. 577; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 455
p
lie Writ °UrGc4 by Colonel Biddulph on the return journey at Sonamarg on the lltli of July.
days on ^ 4° ^r* Hume : — “ On our way up on the 12th of August we halted here for three
hot our, bUlP°se to get this bird, as you had requested Stoliczka to do so ; but at that time
Hr t0 136 seeru”
Wiq en derson observes : — “ '
lap-;,, auey. it was mct with on the roadside in June and in October, and was quite
bUsh5 fe ■. . earless. It associated in small flocks about six in number and flew from bush to
°ccurretl °n berries. It was met with in no other locality. The elevation at which it
Was Horn about 7000 to 8000 feet.”
rson observes : — “ This beautiful species was very common about the head of
g2
44
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Subfamily EMBER IZIN2E.
Genus PYRRHULORHYNCHA.
81. Pyrrhulorhyncha pyrrhuloides.
Emberiza pyrrhidoides, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 49 (1811) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p- ycr.
Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 249; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 166 (1876); Homeyer & Taucre, MT. 011
Wien, 1883, p. 90.
Scheenicola pyrrhuloides (Pall.); Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 177 (1876). ^ jjrit.
Pyrrhulorhyncha pyrrhuloides, Finsch, Yerli. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1879, p. 106 ; Sharpe, Cat.
Mus. xii. p. 475 (1888).
Nos. 1240, 1242. Maralbashi, January 1874. .
No. 1283. Kashgliar, January 31, 1874. — Iris dark hazel ; feet blackish brown >
brown.
Nos. 1708, 1711. Yarkand, May 22, 1874.
Nos. 1775, 1780, 1781. Yarkand, May 24, 1874.
ogS
of
In Dr. Stoliczka’s ‘ Diary ’ occurs the following : — “ Yarkcmcl, May 22nd. I got ^ ^jpjisln-
the Black -headed Bunting (A. pyrrhuloides), which Biddulph brought first from ^ ' ‘X^ie pest
It is common here. I got altogether three nests ; two had four and one five eggs-
. - o— — » — * — , ms, insl^e
is a nicely-made, round, cup-shaped structure, composed outside of coarse Juncus- sta 1 u**
of fine grass with a tlnn lining of liorse-liair. The nest is perfectly round, inside abo ^eajced
deep, with an inside diameter of 2| inches. The eggs are greenish grey, marbled anc oflrayds
with blackish brown of a deeper and paler shade, the colouring being more abunda
the
c&s
the broader end
Dr. Scully’s note is as follows : — ■“ The first specimen was shot at Beshkaih
m
eciD1
beginning of Eebruary in waste ground overgrown with small bushes. Three other sp J apd
were obtained near Yarkand in April. This bird frequents the edges of marshy Sl]oll^e for
rice-fields, breeds in Kashgharia, and is probably a permanent resident. The Turki 1 gay
this Bunting is ‘ Karabash Kuchkach,’ the ‘ Black-lieaded Bird.’ The Yarkandi Shi
that the nest of this species is always placed in Yekan, i. e. ‘ reed-beds.’ ”
Genus EMBERIZA.
82. Emberiza schoeniclus.
Emberiza schceniclus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 311 (1766); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64
Yerli. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1879, p. 217 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 81 ; Scully, t. c. p. 575 ; Home)61
MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 90; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 480 (1888).
Cynchramus schceniclus (L.) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 309 (1877).
Scheenicola arundinacca (Gm.) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 177 (1876).
Emberiza scheenicola, Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 166 (1876) ; C. Swinli. Ibis, 1882, p. 84.
icL
. Fiusi
(18^’Lcre,
No. 925, 7tr*>' ^ ‘ Kaslighar, January 31, 1874.
No. T_Qof/ e ' Kashghar, Eebruary 3, 1874.
N°s. jo . ’ d • Kaslighar, Eebruary 11, 1874.
N0 j ^^4, 2 . Kaslighar, Eebruary 12, 1874.
No. ‘ Kaslighar, Eebruary 13, 1874.
Nos, I jo ’ 6 • Kaslighar, March 8, 1874.
No. 1245, 2 , 1256, e . Maralhashi, January 1874.
I9’ Faizabad, March 2, 1874.
Fel U> W^°^e seiaes is in winter plumage ; nor do the males killed in the middle of
Hiary or in March show much sign of shedding the tips to the black feathers of
tlla throat. B
Col
beceniiii jU ^ t'bldulph procured specimens at Yarkand in November, and at Kaslighar in
tie wim ( ’ ebmary> and March, as well as at Maralhashi. They were very common during
Acc 4. r abso n°ticed the species on the march near Karghalik in November.
sPecimens. Seixlly this species was “ common near Yarkand in winter, and four
Was saij l " ('! ° Presejwed in January and Eebruary. It frequented hedges and small trees and
qw-y t lG Yarkandis to be a permanent resident ; but I never observed it in summer.”
1 uame for this bird is “ Cha-Kuchkach.”
fUSIXLA.
pusitta, Pall. Rei.
Russ. Reiclis, iii. p. 697 (1776) ; Severtz. Turkest. .Tevotn. p. 64 (1873) ;
Ko.
SC.V ibis, 1875, p. 249; Tacz.Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 177 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley's Orn.
p o? 1*' (1877); Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 462; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxix.
9 (18/9) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 487( 1888) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind.,Birds, ii. p. 254.
845
Win
South of Sanju Pass, Karakash Yalley, October 22, 1873. — Length 5'35 inches,
^ g 2 75, tail 2-25 ; expanse 8'5. Bill greenish horny ; feet brownish yellow.
Pparently adult bird in winter plumage.
' 'EiibehiZa
Bm/,
RtJSTICA.
n l~JUStica’ pall. Reis. Russ. Reichs, iii. p. 698 (1776) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France,
^6) ; Finsch, Verh
i. p.
175
N0 a,1883, P- 90 5 Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus/xii. p. 491 (1888)
z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1879, p. 216 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien,
bTo.
0q>- f *em- Sanju, October 29, 1873. — Length 6'2 inches, wing 31, tail 2'4, tarsus
black' ?Xpansc ^’6 5 bill from front 0'4, from gape 0'5. Iris reddish brown; bill
brow ^ ']0l']l^’ PaPc brown along the posterior culmen ; lower mandible pale fleshy
tin,r n’ ^sby at the sides and tip ; feet pale horny brown, with a very slight fleshy
rjoYC' yings reach within l-35 inch of tip of tail.
5 d biem. Sanju, October 30, 1873.
46
SECOND YABKAND MISSION.
85. Emberiza luteola.
Emberiza luteola, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, fasc. iv. taf. 93 (1788) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p
249;
. Scully
90;
Str. F. iv. p. 167 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 60; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. ora. Yer. Wien, ’ ggg).
Sbarpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 506 (1888) ; id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p- 8
Emberiza brunneiceps, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873). , ibid-
Euspiza luteola (Sparrm.); Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 66; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 81; * ’gg 7).
p. 575 ; C. Swinb. Ibis, 1882, p. 114 ; Bidd. ibid. p. 282; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. P- ®
Nos. 1703, 1735, 1757, J , 1759, 1761, 1764. Yarkand, May 16 to 21, 1874.
Nos. 1785, 1787, 1788, 6 . Soutli-wost of Ighiz Yar, May 18, 1874.
Nos. 1694, 1695, 6 $ . Kizil, May 19, 1874.
No. 1837, $ . Kugiar, June 1, 1874.
All birds in full breeding-plumage. ^y,
Colonel Biddulpb writes : — “ We never saw this Bunting during the winter or yar,
w7hen, on our return from the Pamir, we emerged from the hills. We first saw it at W- ati011,
and thenceforward noticed it in abundance everywhere in the plains and amongst cu
It was breeding.” pastel'11
Dr. Scully says : — “ This species is a seasonal visitant to the plains 0 ^ ^ei'e
Turkestan, arriving about the end of April and leaving in September. The ^^y aV
numerous from the end of May to July near Yarkand. This Bunting breeds ui
June.” He gives a full description of the nest and eggs. f}(Sp^(l
On the 27th of May, Dr. Stoliczka writes in his ‘Diary’: — “Near Yarkan of
luteola is building a nest in low bushes in open gardens.” At Besliterek on th® ^0la,
May he observes : — “A man brought a nest which he assured me was that of /- ^ yel/
called Sure kulshkajtsh. The nest was on or very near the ground; made outsit ■ ^ jeep
coarse grass, inside lined with hair of horse and other animals. It is only about
and about 2|- inches m diameter; somewhat loosely constructed, like that of a jjjicfc
The eggs are whitish, dotted all over with brown, the dots most numerous round
end.”
86. Emberiza hortulana.
f.
948 • V'
Emberiza hortulana, L. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1875, P- & faVcre’
East. Persia, ii. p. 259 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 80; Scully, t. c. p. 574; Homey pi»»'
MT. oru. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 90 ; Sbarpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 530 (1888) ; id-
Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 80 (1889).
No. 1709. Yarkand, May 22, 1874. ^
Dr. Scully notices the occurrence of the Ortolan Bunting in Gilgit during t)rPe
passage. He says that his specimen was inseparable from European examples, aUC^-llX to ^
specimen of Emberiza shah in the Paris Museum was likewise considered by ^ ^ c]ealCl
identical with ordinary E. hortulana. Eastern specimens, however, are always ° etlce
and brighter colour than the western ones, but I do not think there is sufficient c 1
which to found a subspecific distinction.
AYES.
47
■J^eriza. buchanani.
h ft
Ibis 1880^ Jerd‘; Blan£- East. Persia, ii. p. 258 (1876); Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 575; C. Swinh.
p. 6i P-113; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 90; Severtz. Ibis, 1883,
7 7
Tram T- am”*> B1-vth > Bidd- Ibis; 188b P- 80; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 533 (1888); id.
NoS 8 W S0C' (3) ZooL v- Pt- 3> P- 81 (1889).
No. 847’ 8dj8- North of Shahidula, October 21, 1873.
’’ South-west of Ighiz Yar, May 18, 1874.
88' ElI“GRI2i ou.
■®B! t>eriza
N
os.
Persia*- L'; ScVCrtz‘ Turkest- Jevotn. p. 64 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 247; Blanf. East.
d> 11 • p. 257 (1876) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 537 (1888).
l4U. 1412.
rPhe l • ’ ¥ ' •aKUarra [AEtalaJ, March 22, 1874.
j)r Sf ^ U(N aPPear to he the true E. cia and not the Himalayan race E. straclieyi.
aru
N°- W04. „
Col - . .
"Pore in y -^uldulph says that, to the best of his knowledge, this species was not seen any-
jjp ^ j- y- -I—* . isclo auu iiuu uuc jllj. u_i axaij uu. lauc jjj. ovz Muncy
^hle and fe ^CZ^a no^ces this Bunting in his £ Diary ’ on the above date. He says : — “ I shot a
0- iyh ma^e °*' W^la^ aPPears t° lie Emberisa cia , apparently a new-comer to the country.”
Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
89.
t y isciyt, unuL, lo me uest oi nis Knowledge, mis
aikand. He procured specimens in Wakhan in April.
Pin
IbEriza stracheti.
p. 574 ra^eVb Moore; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 65 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 79; Scully, t. c.
^mieriga ’■ bharpei Cat' B- Brit- Mus. Hi. p. 539 (1888).
N°. gQ U °la (nec L-) > Hume & Haulers. Lahore to Yark. p. 256 (1873).
No. Q2 d ' Nturree, June 26, 1873.
No. 278 Murree, June 29, 1873.
Nos. 286 28Q G°nd’ AugUSt 8’.1873-
hjp J. ’ d $ . Gaganghir, August 9, 1873. — Length 4' 8 inches, wing 26, tail 1-9 ;
l;)elow<-11f from gape O' 56 ; tarsus 07. Iris dark brown ; bill brown, yellow
No. 3p- 5 cnt' leaden grey ; inside of mouth yellow.
Nos. 37l’ Sondmarg, August 10, 1873.
No. 48o 5 °74- Paltal, August 12, 1873.
• feuargol3 August 20, 1873.
y 4 IP^ "H m
°Ve Jarnu^n^n®5 according to Dr. Henderson, was common all through Kashmir from
0 near the Zoji-la Pass ; beyond this it was not met with.
90. p,
Kberi2a 7°— I-
Xii, p ff°5^2Wnkii’ TaCZ‘ ; PrJev- in RoHey’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 308 (1877) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
No. Ul3 (1388).
Akdarra [Aktala], March 22, 1874.
48 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
On the 24th of March Colonel Biddulph shot a couple of male birds, one adult al^jl6y
immature, in the Kirog Valley. These two specimens he gave to Mr. Mandelli, ant ^
passed with the rest of the Mandelli Collection into Mr. Hume’s hands, and they are
the British Museum (cf. Sharpe, l. c.).
I'lO'W'
in
65)
91. Embebiza stewabti.
Emberiza steivcirti, Blyth ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 248 ; Ward I aw Ramsay, Ibis, 1879, p. 446, 1889, P^ ,
Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 81; Scully, t. c. p. 575; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 113; Bidd. ib^- 1
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 547 (1888).
Emberiza caniceps] Gould; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873).
No. 77. Murree, July 2, 1873.
No. 83. Changligally, near Murree, July 2, 1873.
No. 121. Chuttrebelas, July 16, 1873.
No. 189, $ . Srinagar, July 28, 1873.
92. Embebiza leucocephala.
Ibis,
18 P>
Emberiza leucocephala, Cm. ; Hume & Henderson, Lahore to Yark. p. 254 (1873) ; Dresser, t e.
Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 79; Scu
Sharpe,
ylisc.
p. 248 ; Finseh, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxix. p. 215 (1879)
p. 574; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 113 ; Bidd. ibid. p. 282; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 60;
B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 549 (1888) ; id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 81 (1889).
Emberiza pityornis, Pall. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 64 (1873) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn.
p. 307 (1877) ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 90.
No. 888. Sanju, October 27, 1873. [An adult male in winter plumage.] fo ill
No. 1477. Panjah, April 16, 1874. — Length 7'3 inches, wing 3 6, tail 3-0, tarsus ^Cgb ;
from front 0‘4, from gape 0 5. Iris brown ; bill dusky, lower mandible pale
feet fleshy brown, soles yellowish. r0.
<4nua0ia 3
This species was met with by Dr. Henderson in October in large flocks near , b)r a
in the Sind Valley. They had probably been driven down from the pine-forests a 0
fall of snow which had occurred a few days previously.
Genus MELOPHTJS.
93. Melophtjs melanictebus.
Melophus melanicterus (Gm.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 568 (1888).
6 ad. No locality.
No. 122, Severtz- J- f' °- 1875' P- 191 J Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 174 (1876); Dresser,
Otocor ’ P- 181 ; Severtz- Ibis> 1883, p. 61.
ys pallida, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 533 (1890).
i’Os. 9go QQn ^ V
No. 892 V i ^ a^' ®anjUs October 31. — Wing 4'7-4'85 inches.
Jlill ii • 'U^ ’8anjUj October 28. — Length 7 ’05 inches, wing 4'4, tail 3'05, tarsus 0'9,
Ill U'S^1 ^orny’ blackish towards the tip, pale below; iris brown,
of tl t^Uee w^nter plumage, in which stage it is extremely difficult to tell some
hnd U.l S^)GC'mens from O. albigula , because the black feathers on the sides of the face
these lef ''Jan^ are raGier broadly edged with white, and then the accumulation of
« W l1e edges, in a carelessly prepared skin, gives a pale appearance between
No.
No.
No.
No,
No.
No.
fJ A - ± A
0 ^ar"//,VCr^S an<^ ^1C cbcst‘band which may render the skins easily mistaken for
945
92^’ ? atb Sanju> November 1. — Wing 4'35 inches.
9^0’ ^ a January. — Wing 4'7 inches.
Ptumal above specimens there is a slight indication of approaching nuptial
No. 139^ »e-
The^i'i Naslighar, February 4. — Wing 4'8 inches.
, °n crown> sides of face, and throat is so strongly developed that there
No. ip^Q y any indication of light edgings left.
This^'* ^Yshkurghan, March 30. — Wing 4'4 inches.
s lathei a curious bird, for, although it was shot in the spring, and by the black
of
50 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
streaking of its head shows decided approach to nuptial dress, yet the forehead, si
face, and throat are decidedly tinged with yellow, as in autumn.
Nos. 1502, 1508, 1509, d . Panjah, April 14-23. — Wing 4'65-4'8 inches.
No. 1503, 9 ad. Wing 4-4 inches. _ , aV-e
In spring plumage without a trace of the winter markings, all of whic
disappeared by the shedding of the edges to the feathers. I must confess ‘ ^
full plumage the pale race of Horned Lark approaches more nearly to O. J oemd ^
hut it never quite loses the ochraceous tint which is the distinguishing chara
the race. . .
,/h on f ^
Dr. Stoliczka’s * Diary ’ states that this species was not uncommon near Oi-tograR ^
3rd of November. Near Yangihissar it was very common early in December. At TaS
ghan he notes : — “ Otocoris comes up here, I suppose to breed.” . jp
Dr. Scully procured specimens in the desert between Sulik Aziz Langar and °a J
August, at the foot of the hills, and in the mountains it was observed in some most
places, even at elevations of about 17,000 feet. He states that it was common m . 0p
Turkestan in winter, frequenting the open bare steppes. “ When riding out of Kashg u^0pt
the journey to Yarkand, for instance, Galerita magna would at first be very numerous
habitations, Ac. ; then on the borders of cultivation G. magna and the present speeH'S ^^^
be found together, overlapping as it were ; while a little further on, on the stony iej
G. magna would cease and be replaced entirely by Otocorys. At the approach of s airs
the species under consideration quits the plains for the surrounding hills, whither it 1 ajgo
to breed. The Turki name is ‘ Kara Kash Toghai,’ i. e. ‘ Black-browed Lark.’ 4t 1
sometimes called ‘ Sai Toghai,’=‘ Steppe Lark.’ ”
95. Otocorys elwesi.
Otocorys elwesi, Blanford, J. A. S. Beng. xli. p. 62 (1872) ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 61 ; Sliaipe>
Cat-
Biit. Mus. xiii. p. 534 (1890) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 321 (1890)
Otocorys longirostris (nec Moore) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 267 (1873) ; Dresser
p. 181.
Ibis,
18?6’
No. 650, $ ad.
No. 776, d ad.
No. 810, 6 ad.
No. 940, 6 ad.
d
4‘4‘
North of Leh, September 8, 1873. — Culmen 0-55 inch, wing (mom =>
Chagra, September 21, 1873. — Culmen 0-55 inch, wing 4'65
North of Suget Pass, October 16, 1873. — Wing 4'6 inches.
Karglialik, November 6, 1873. — Culmen 0'6 inch, wing 4’3- . j^pisl1
ad. Aktagh, June 14, 1874. — Culmen 0'55 inch, wing 445. Iris hazel; b1 g0les
black, albescent at base of lower mandible ; feet fleshy-brownish black,
albescent. , , bill
hazel ’
tarsi p
;de1’
9 ad. Aktagh, June 14, 1874. — Culmen 0-5-0'55 inch, wing 43. Iris dark
bluish dusky, paler at base of lower mandible ; feet fleshy dark brown, the
behind, soles albescent. T
1 87^'
In Dr. Stoliczka’s ‘Diary ’ occurs the following note : — “ Wahabjilga, June 14, (
shot several specimens of an Otocorys which is as small as 0. penicillata, but has 1 . p 1
divided at the sides of the throat like O. longirostris. Is this not O. elwesi of ElaU 0 pfc
have not seen it north of Aktagh. It is evidently the same which Biddulph shot last 7
Kizil Jilga. I am not sure whether it is not a permanent inhabitant of the m
AYES.
51
Plains ^r0S^> ls Is Pound on the Himalayas of the Indus Valley and very likely goes to the
n part during the winter.”
J.H 'fl'i tt
witp ^ („' llme Collection are a number of specimens from the Central-Asian Expeditions,
) ° localities: — Tanksi (Henderson), Pangong Lake ( Henderson ), Aktagh
the lnniV-.’1^ara^asl1 Valley ( Henderson ). Dr. Henderson procured both this species and
°ng-billed form at Tanksi.
96.
Otoc
Ota
°RYS LOKGIHOSTRIS.
Above Kharbu, 14,000 feet, August 22, 1873. — Culmen 0'65 inch, wing
B ys longhostris, Moore, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 215, pi. 3 (ex Gould MSS.); Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 581 ;
fl80rn IbiS’ 1882, p- 285 : Dresser> lhis> 1884> P-116; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 536
jq- i °ates. Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 320 (1890).
3 a 9 ad.
4'65.
B^Phese measurements scarcely exceed those of O. elwesi, hut some allowance has to
. ^ate for the worn condition of the specimen, which is in full breeding-plumage.
A°s -TV ^toliczka’s note, infra.)
No. 697 ’ 5°9, 51°5 nestlinSs- Kharbu, August 22, 1873.
No. 7gg5 ad- Tsultak, North of Changla, 15,500 feet, September 15, 1873.
No. 77 1’ ^ a^’ Kukung, September 20, 1873. — Culmen 065 inch, wing 5T.
In D ’ * ad' Chaffra’ SePtember 21, 1873.— Culmen 0‘7 inch, wing 5.
fe»ia]e anXd‘ StoliczIia’s ‘ Diary ’ he writes “ Kharbu, August 22, 1873. I shot a male and
a great nun l11'66 y0Un? °f °‘ lon(Jirostris at about 15,000 to 16,000 feet high.” He also saw
Speei 36r °f tbiS sPecies at Rimdi on the 22nd of September.
°0Hected by xf ^10rQ Kangong Eake and Tanksi are in the Hume Collection. They were
l)a,Ss above j p* •^•enderson, wbo states that this Horned Lark was met with from the first
f>Uy £0u f Until the Expedition left the Karakash Valley going to Yarkand. It was
lat l)r. lJojf ,n<';11 water at from 12,000 to about 15,000 feet. It is not quite certain to me
rotR the ir Dceison recognized the differences between the Horned Larks, as his specimens
aiakash Valley were O. elwesi.
97
Or
Of,
’°cORvs
RRANDTI.
Of,
COp./S brandti, Dresser, B. Eur.
Xlu- P- 536 (1890).
iv. p. 402 (1874); id. Ibis, 1876, p. 181 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
ut°coru« ;
Tacz- BulL Soc- Zool. Trance, i. p. 161 (1876).
4lau<*« Severtz- J- f‘ °- 1873> p- 379-
No. 1 0A„ ’ Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 90.
S ad. Kashghar, January 15, 1874. — Culmen 0-5 inch, wing 4‘3.
Kashghar, January 19, 1874. — Culmen 0-55 inch, wing 4L5.
Kashghar, Eebruary 3, 1874. — Culmen 0‘5 inch, wing 4-25.
Panjah, April 14-23, 1874. — Culmen 0‘5 inch, wing 41.
Nn l203’
N 1211>
v°- 1299.
No' 1501
ad.
ad.
ad.
^ fem j . -“-.t"-*1 o.^!— ao, ior±. — \j uiincn u u men, wing on.
^arbap.d in Horned Lark was procured by Dr. Henderson on the Khoosh Maidan in
52
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus MELANOCOEYPHA.
98. Melanocorypha bimaculata.
. persia)
Melanocorypha bimaculata (Menetr.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 67, 143 (1873); Blanf. l'as ' _ Q,
ii. p. 244 (1876) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 183 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 89 ; Scully, t. c. P- (g)
Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 115 ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 84 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Lin11- ° ^ jj.
Zool. v. p. 82 (1889) ; id. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 555 (1890) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind-t
p. 323 (1890). upy, Sir-
Melanocorypha torquata, Blyth ; Hume & Ilenders. Lahore to Yark. p. 265, pi. xxvii. (1873) ; c
F. iv. p. 173 (1876). 18/6)
Melanocorypha bimaculata, /3. minor, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1873) ; Dresser, 1 ’
P- 183‘ , tarsus
No. 1013,
dusky- . . J .. O.or, taduS
No. 1293. Kashghar, Eebruary 1, 1874. — Length 7'6 inches, wing 4'83, tail 2 o > ^pd
113 ; expanse 14'7 ; bill from front 005, from gape 08 ; length of foot 1
toe with claw (183, claw alone 045 ; middle toe from the root 094, greatest .
1-37 ; height of bill 032 ; wings reach within 04 of end of tail. Iris dark
bill dusky, pale below, yellowish at base ; feet fleshy white. , j
Dr. Henderson procured a specimen of this species on the return journey, nt L1 ^-ee
the hills leading from Kashmir to the plains of the Punjab. Dr. Scully writes ^
specimens of this bird were obtained in Yarkand in Eebruary, but it was not seen a^rL]ja)
except some cage- birds. It is said to be very plentiful in the neighbourhood of D1 ..-i
is u
and only to visit Kashghar and Yarkand in January and Eebruary. The species .
favourite cage-bird with the Kashgharians, on account of its sweet song. A sped
brought to me in June, which sang most beautifully, and the owner wanted twen j
(Rs. 4) for it. The Turki name is Hi Toghai, i. e. the ‘ Ili Lark.’ ”
vd^
t»Ug»S
Genus ALAUDA.
99. Alatjda cantarella.
239 (if!
6);
Alauda arvensis, L. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1873) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii- P- ’
Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 314 (1877) ; Finsch, Yerh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxix. p- ^
Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 89; C. Swinli. Ibis, 1882, p. 116; Ilomeyer & Tancre, MT. °rI1‘ ang.
1883, p. 90; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 484 (1887) ; St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 173 ; Sharpe, 1 W"
Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 81 (1889) ; id. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 567 (1890) ; Oates, Fa^u.
Birds, ii. p. 324 (1890).
Alauda cantarella, Bp. Iconogr. Faun. Ital. Ucc. p. 5 (1841).
Alauda dulcivox, Hodgs. ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 89 ; Scully, t. c. p. 582.
Alauda triborhyncha (nec Hodgs.), Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 268, pl.xxviu. (J-
AYES. 33
jj°‘ ^ Artish, north of Kashghar, January 11, 1874.
^°‘ "38. Maralbdslii, January 1874.
0s- 1263, 1302, 1311, 1312, 1326, 1348, 1370. Kashghar, January 24 to Eebruary 11,
1874.
^°- 1407. Ighiz Yar, March 22, 1874.
Nq ,/»4. Pamirkul, April 5, 1874.
• 1546. Panjah, April 24, 1874. — Bill bluish dusky above, pale whitish below ; feet
.7 brown ; tarsi paler ; claws horny brown ; iris dark brown. Length 7 inches,
No' ^ 2*6, tarsus 0'9.
S' ^352, 1554. Panjah, April 25, 1874.
■Kastu!) ktoliczka notes that on the 12th of January A. dulcivox seemed to be common near
procill?r’ Cut it was said not to remain there during the summer. Colonel Biddulph
re4 specimens near Kashghar in Eebruary.
100. a, A
lA-XJDA lioptjs.
Alauda liopus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 574,
Ala S/Ub A' arvensis (1890).
Ala, (nee Frankl.), Ilume & blenders. Lahore to Yark. p. 269 (1873, nec pi. xxix.).
(1887)*°^ Brooks; Bidd. !bis, 1881, p. 90; Scully, t. c. p. 583; id. J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 84
K0S oio1, 162‘ SoPlub Jlily 26> lg73.
ATo" 3^’ ®rinagar, July 30, 1873.
. . Sonamarg, August 10, 1873. — Bill horny ; feet brownish fleshy ; tarsi fleshy ;
N0s Bls brown. Length 6'75 inches, wing 4T, tail 2'65, tarsus 095.
bsr0 ,49rf’ 341, 360. Sonamarg, August 10-12, 1873.
N0s cm jUV' Dras> August 16, 1873.
No 621, Leh’ August 31, 1873.
^ Tanksi, September 16, 1873.
^Abiln|IleUderSOn °btained a specimen of this Lark in May near Srinagar, and Colonel
of Sept 1 met witli it in the Nubra valley on the 25th of June, and again at Leh on the 5th
of aTly f^ber. Several references to the species occur in Dr. Stoliczka’s ‘ Diary,’ but none are
mI>ortance. He says that it was common near Tanksi in September.
lOp 0 Genus CALANDRELLA.
ALAKdrella tibetana.
^dndrpJir. 4-,
0 a tl°etana, Brooks, Str. F. viii.
GSj Baun- Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p.
j'Ce Bun eCimen ^is short-toed Lark from Cashmere, collected by Dr. Henderson, is in
^tth of jC Collection. Colonel Biddulph obtained a specimen in the Indus Valley on the
e- He also procured one at Cliassi Yassin in August.
rC‘lla tlbetana, Brooks, Str. F. viii. p. 488 (1880) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 585 (1890) ;
4 .... 1 GSj Paun‘ Bn*- Ind., Birds, ii. p. 329 (1890).
54
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Str-
102. Calandrella actjtirostris.
Calandrella hr achy dactyl a (nee Leisl.), Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 264 (1873) ; '
F. iv. p. 172 (1876) ; Wardlaw Bamsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 67. ... 585
Calandrella acutirostris, Hume, in Lahore to Yark. p. 265 (1873) ; Sharpe, Cat. B.Brit. Mas. xUl
(1890) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 327 (1890).
No. 428. Tashgam, August 17, 1873.
Nos. 539, 566, 593, 598, 600. Leh, August 27-31, 1873. gideS;
No. 587. Leh, August 30, 1873.— Bill dark homy along the ridge, yellowish at t 0
feet pale dusky homy; tarsi fleshy brownish ; iris brown. Length 6 6 ia° ieS’
3‘82, tail 2 75, tarsus 0‘8.
Nos. 623, 629. Leh, September 4, 1873. ^ the
No. 649. Leh, September 8, 1873.— Bill dusky horny along the ridge and on 1 ’
rest fleshy brown ; feet dusky ; tarsi fleshy brown ; iris brown.
No. 745. Lukung, September 19, 1873.
No 829. Nubra Valley, October (Dr. Bellew).
No. 907. Sanju, October 28, 1873. al o&S
No. 1470. Panjah, April 16, 1874. — Iris dark brown; bill livid, pale dusky g.g,ta^
the mil men ; feet dusky white ; soles fleshy white. Length 61 inches, Wia^
2’2, tarsus 0'83.
No. 1604. Sarikol, May 9, 1874.
“ Eggs very small yet.” _ _ , et lig11*
No. 1605. Sarikol, May 9, 1874. Bill dusky brown, pale yellowish at basej
brown ; iris dark brown. Length 6'7 inches, wing 3'8, tail 2 '65, tarsus 0'77- ^
Dr. Stoliczka states that this Lark was common near Lukung in September- ^
breeding-plumage were got at Sarikol on the 9th of May, and in Dr. Stoliczk
would have laid in about a fortnight.
o__. ci^enS
Dr. Henderson did not distinguish between this species and C. tibetana, but his sPe^eCieS
show to which Lark the following note is to be referred : — “ Several specimens of ^ ^
were obtained in Kashmir and Ladak, in both of which localities it may prove t gD
numerous nestlings were procured near Balakchi and along the Karakash betwee ^ he
of July and the 5th of August.” Dr. Scully obtained the species in the same dlstl’lC^.irakasl1
writes : — “ It was only observed at Balakchi, and for a short distance along the ^ltlei'°llS
River (elevation 12,000 feet), where it had evidently been breeding. The birds were n ^
on the alluvial plains between Shahidula and Balakchi, and they ran about swiff b c d theJl
stones, flying off in flocks when alarmed. They uttered a short twittering note,
flight was wavy, somewhat resembling that of a Wagtail.”
Genus ALAUDUL A.
103. Alaudula seeeohmi.
Alaudida pispoletta (nec Pall.), Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 173 (1876).
? Alaudula pispoletta, Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 89.
Alaudula seebohmi, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 590 (1890).
AYES.
55
' ' d. Karglialik, November 5, 1873. — Bill dusky bluish pale; feet fleshy; iris
Nos Length 6’75 inches, wing AOS, tail 2'93, tarsus 0'8.
jj0 ’ -i^^’ 49®4’ 1054, 1055, 1057. Yarkand, November 24, 1873.
No il131, 1139’ 1140> 1145> 1153’ 1154> 1166- Kashghar, December 10-19, 1873.
. 43 ■ Kashghar, January 20, 1874. — Bill pale greenish; feet light dusky brown;
Nos * 1 1 T Lazel. Length 6'5 inches, wing 3‘75, tail 2'75, tarsus 0'8.
No V 1325. Kashghar, Eebruary 9, 1874.
835- Kugiar, June 1, 1874.
Na$h Liddulph procured specimens at Yangihissar on the 2nd of December, and at
*U January- He states that the species was very common in the plains of Yarkand,
tlle Plain ° TUter at any rate. Dr. Scully writes : — “ This species is a permanent resident in
a,ni js Uls °I Kashgharia, where it breeds. It is much less common than Galerita mayna,
Sandy |'a^ler %• It is usually found at some distance from habitations, frequenting waste
°f bjrfl ld<4s and ground covered with efflorescence. It is a very whitish, desert-looking sort
drnl a sweet songster, rising high in the air, and remaining fixed in one spot while it
Ptt,
aain.e f0* ll0^e- In June, when it breeds, it is usually noticed about in pans. The Turki
Th 1 SPec4es is Chulan toyhai, the word Toghai meaning ‘ Lark.’ ”
lteode)1J ev‘ Ih’. Lansdell has more recently obtained the present species near Aksu. Dr,
011 aLo got an immature specimen on the Karakash Biver.
l04 Genus GALERITA.
’ AlERITA MAGNA.
^ ulcfif rt
s ma9na, Hume, Ibis, 1871, p. 407 ; id. & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 270, pi. xxx. (1873) ;
evertz. Str. F. iii. p. 424 (1875) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 175 (1876) j Menzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 354;
larpe, Cat. B. Bi’it. Mus. xiii. p. 632, sub G. cristata (1890) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii.
P- 337 (1890).
N°-889 q .
N°. 8ga- Sanju, October 27, 1873.
' ' 5 d ■ Sanju, October 28, 1873.— Length 8 inches, wing 4-53, tail 2-85, tarsus 1 ;
pause 14'4 ; bill from front 0-68, from gape (49 ; length of foot 1‘6. Iris brown ;
N°. g9 greenish horny, pale below ; feet whitislx, with a greenish horny tinge.
e'x ’ s • Sanju, October 28, 1873.— Length 74)5 inches, wing 4'2, tail 2 0, tarsus 0-95 ;
pafT86 13 ’ 1)111 from SaPc 0-82 ; length of foot L72. Iris brown; bill yellowish
N0s. g ^ rown, pale below; feet whitish, with a slight greenish horny tinge.
No.99?’ 896> 897, 898, 901, 902, 906, 909. Sanju, October 28, 1873.
N°. 0[~' Sanju, October 29, 1873.
N°s_ Yarkand, November 10, 1873.
N0s. loo/.’ Yangihissar, December 2, 1873.
Nos. ] J’ ^ “39- Maralbashi, January 1874.
No. ’ 4393- Kashghar, Eebruary 3, 1874.
No. ^ ' ' ' Kgda, Eebruary 21, 1874.
' • Yarkand, May 15-20, 1874.
]• ^ c p ,
110 of atalogue of Birds ’ (vol. xiii. p. 626), I have shown that it is impossible to draw a
motion between the Crested Lark of Europe and the large pale race of Central Asia,
56
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
* 0jiS
which Hume called G. magna. Erom the localities visited hy the Expedition, all the^spcc1
are easily recognizable as G. magna, and it is better to keep them under Mr. Hume s 1U ^
Dr. Stoliczka mentions in his ‘ Diary ’ that G. magna was one of the most comm011
in the fields near Yarkand in November. Colonel Bkldulph says that it was very com
the plains all through the winter, and was breeding there in May. fcasb'
Dr. Scully writes : — “ This species is one of the commonest birds in the plains o ^
gharia, where it is a permanent resident. It is a very tame bird and frequents fid s’ ^ jts
ways, and the vicinity of habitations generally. It is occasionally caged on accoui
rather sweet song. This Lark breeds in May and June, making its nest on the Re-
cultivated fields or in low grass. The Turki name for this bird is * Kapak toghaij
times called ‘ Popochek toghai,’ i. e. ‘ Crested Lark.’ ” -^eps
The Rev. Dr. Lansdell, during his last journey through Central Asia, obtained spe
at Chadir Kul and Charwagh in August, and at Guma in September.
Eamily MOTACILLIDJE.
Genus MOTACILLA.
105. Motacilla alba.
!- ~ „
Motacilla alba, L.; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 66 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 176; ibid-
iv. p. 151 (1876); Blanf. East. Persia, iii. p. 232 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 68, joIoeyef ®
p. 451 ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 109; Bidd. ibid. p. 280; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 80; _ gcuHv'
Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 85 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 465 (18 0 goC. (2)
J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 85 (1887) ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 486 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn-
Zool. v. p. 78 (1889) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 287 (1890).
Motacilla dukhunensis, Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 192 (1877).
Nos. 818, 822, 823. Shahidiila, October 19, 1873. .
No. 1541, 8 ad. Panjah, April 24, 1874. — Dill black; feet black; iris dar'
Length 8*2 inches, wing 3‘8, tail 3*8, tarsus 0’92. rpfie
Dr. Scully shot a single specimen at Sanju on first entering Eastern Turkest
Turki name for this Wagtail is “ Sunduk,” and it is said to disappear entirely fr°m
Turkestan in winter.
f.
106. Motacilla peesonata. pali°re t0
Motacilla personata, Gould; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 66, 139 (1873) ; Hume & sCh,
Yark. p. 224 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 177; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 150 (1876) ; / ^ p. 6»>
z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxix. p. 172 (1879) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 160; Bidd. ^°1S> ^ Ta»cr ’
Scully, ibid. p. 451 ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 109 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 64 ; H°“eLans. ^
MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 86 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 479 (1885) ; 1(1 •
Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 78 (1889).
No. 166, ad. Sopur, July 26, 1873.
No. 277, young. Gond, August 8, 1873.
No. 314, ad. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873.
No. 431, juv. Tashgam, August 17, 1873.
No. 482, moulting. Shargol, Ladak, August 20, 1873. 4
No. 646, ad. Leh, September 7, 1873.
AYES,
57
No, ftK*
N0' ad* Yell, September 9, 1873.
N0 p ad- Tikzag, September 12, 1873.
H0, .,5 ad- Tsultak, N. of Changla, September 15, 1873.
No ^ ’ y°Ul1g- Shahidula, October 19, 1873.
i\0 ,, adf Yarkand, November 13, 1873.
0.g?, ad- Kashghar, December 17, 1873.— Length 8-4 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3 9, tarsus
Iri°M eX?ause 11-7 i 1)111 from front 0-5, from gape 073; length of foot 1-32.
Ho. 197 , biackish i WU black, paler at lower base ; feet black.
Ho | |f ’ ad‘ Kashghar, January 25, 1874.
Ho] not *ad’ Pan'ial1’ APril 14“23’ 1874
ex &1Ven‘ ®arlb°l, May 9, 1874. — Length 7'6 inches, wing 3'56, tail 3'4, tarsus 0'92
Q.,dans AVa?'/flt 'lural:)ers throughout the plains, generally near habitations and streams
r!' 0 c‘°i'tainlv t Gi' ^ 1S mos^ numerous fr’om March to September, but some of these birds
Urki ‘ Kok «a,° T fen throu?hout the ycar- This Wagtail breeds in May, and is called in
fw 8u*iduk, i. e. ‘ Blue Wae-ta.il’ ”
ril0rii
ft?
‘ K l St:
On +i° _nduk,’ »• e. ‘ Blue Wag-tail.
It breeds on the ground
Uq the 97 ’ -Diue wagtail.
J6ar the °f May Dr- Stoliczka got the nest near Yarkand
s,laiheters (.j)n ? ^le Avatcr- The nest is about 1*25 inches deep and about 2-5 inches in
S?i’eetiis]i S ,U1Cle<1 ol moss and grass, with a very thick lining of horse-hair inside. Eggs
lesl) ana ^ cl°tted all over with dull inky brown. Out of the six eggs two
oth
er
ant[ J’ uuiaea an over with dull mky brown. Out of th
Hosts • t]A'eiG kad’ and lwo contained live, almost fully-developed
ley had from four to six young birds, just hatched.”
six e
young.
were
I saw a few
l°7' Vcar
ACILLA hodgsoni.
Wotaciiiy /,
^ol(tcil 1° pers('CnSlS 'ne° ScoP-) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 223 (1873).
, olacilla 0nata> var- melanonota, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 67, 139 (1873).
Swinll-) ; Dresser’ Ibis’ 1875’ P- 177‘
x P- 486 Bidd' mS’ 1881, p- 67 ’ Scu11^ t> c- P- 451 1 Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x.
Ho. 22p g 'J' ’ 4atesJ Baun. Brit. Iud., Birds, ii. p. 291 (1890).
^Panse^o?!’ f.uly 31’ 1873"“ Length 7'2 inches, wing 35, tail 31, tarsus 0-95 ;
vr ljlack ’ 111 lrom front 0'5, from gape 0-75. Iris brown; bill black; feet
A°- ^60. 'o .
1 ^agar, August 5, 1873.
i
58
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
No. 306. Sonamarg, August 10, 1873.
No. 448. Civil iscambo, August 18, 1873.
No. 461. Kargil, August 19, 1873.
108. MOTACILLA CAMPESTKIS.
Motacilla campestris, Pall. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 510 (1885).
Budytes rayi, var . jiavifrons, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1873).
Budytes jiavifrons, Severtz. Str. F. iii. p. 424 (1875).
Motacilla rayi , Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 178.
Budytes rayi, C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 109 ; Itadde, Ornis, iii. p. 485. q-Q5>
No. not given. Sarikol, May 9, 1874. — Length 7 inches, wing 3 ‘25, tail 2*8, ^al® ^ y\ ;
expanse 10*1 ; bill from, front 0*5, from gape 0'68 ; length of foot 1*53, sp*®^
middle toe 0*8, hind toe 0*65, hind claw 0*33 ; wings reach within 1'8 ol CI1
Iris brown ; bill black ; feet black, sole dull yellowish.
N@. 1646. Sarikol, May 10, 1874.
Lin11'
goc-
nee E.) ; C. Swinh. ibis, 1883, p. 110. q.q;
Panjah, April 25, 1874. — Length 6*8 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2'8, falSl^ ;
)*8 ; bill from front 0 46, from gape 0*7; length of foot 1*4, sI)1'ea/^1 «> its
109. Motacilla beema.
Motacilla beema, Sykes; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 521, pi. vi. fig. 6 (1885) ; id. Trans
(2) Zool. v. p. 78 (1889) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 296 (1890).
Budytes flava (uec L.) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 110
No. 1557, e
expanse 9*b ; bill irom iront u ^O, from gape u /; lengru oi roui a •*, 1
middle toe 0'75, hind toe 0'68, hind claw 0*33 ; height of bill at the nostrils £e6t
width the same. Iris liazel-brown ; bill dusky black, paler below at
brownish black, soles whitish cinereous. Wings reach within L8 inch of e)1( g \\
No. 1556, ? . Panjah, April 25, 1874. — Length 6*6 inches, wing 3*05, tail 2*7, of
expanse 9*8 ; bill from front 0*48, from gape 0*7 ; length of foot 1’5> S^0gtrifs
foot 1*1.; middle toe 08, hind toe 07, hind claw 0*33 ; height of bill at the 1
015 ; wings reach within 1*75 of end of tail. Iris hazel ; bill black ; feet blac - ^ ^
Colonel Biddulph records this species as common in Waklian in April,
says that it evidently breeds near Panjah.
Dr-
Stoli°!
110. Motacilla eeldeggii.
Motacilla melanocephala (uec Cm.); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 178. ^ (1 87®)’
Budytes melanocephalus, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotu. p. 67 (1873) ; Blank East. Persia, ii- P" j. A-
Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 69; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 109; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 80; ScU
Beng. lvi. p. 83 (1887).
Motacilla feldeggii, Mich. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 527, pi. 8. figs. 1-4 (1885) , 0
Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 297 (1890). (p9a’
No. 1481. Panjah, April 17, 1874. — Length 6*9 inches, wing 3*2, tail 2*8, tar j.ead °|'
expanse 10' 2; bill from front 0*41, from gape 0*62; length of foot 1 jda°k ’
foot 1*13 ; middle toe 0-8, hind toe 0*7, hind claw 0*37. Iris dark brown ,
feet black, soles greenish. Wings reach within 1*25 inch of end of tail. ^rgVxs ^ ’
No. 1535, 6 ad. Panjah, April 25, 1874. — Length 7 inches, wing 3*25, tail 2 j
AYES.
59
expanse 1025 ; bill from front 048, from gape 07 ; length of foot lv15, spread of
°°t 5 middle toe 078, hind toe 065, hind claw 032 ; height of hill in region of
nostrils 017, its width 016. Iris dark hazel; hill black; feet black, soles dusky
cinereous.
165°- Sarikol, May 10, 1874.
w * *
b^hoo }111® ^r°m tbanjah, Dr. Stoliczka says that this species evidently breeds- in the neigh-
No.
Hi.
HoTAClLLA melaxope.
t .. .1 .1.
la boarula, Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 485 (1887).
A°.
Ko Kargl1’ AuSust 19» 1873.
' ~0' Shahidula, October 19, 1873.
y0'le* Diddulpb obtained this species near Sonamarg on the 17th of July, and in the
Ead^i. c Ieb °n the 6th of the same month. Dr. Henderson shot a specimen at Karadl in.
" ' 011 the 23rd of October.
112.
Me
Mot
1 XOILLA CITREOLA.
-p!V/ft ('/llrer>la, Pall.; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii.. y, v , , .
idT h' Vei’b' z"b- Ges- Wien> xxix- P- 175 (1879) 5 Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 503 (1885) ;
Budyte- -^n8‘-Linn* S°C- W Z°0L V- ?•
p. 193 (1877); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 178 ;
x. p.
. „ 78 (1889) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 298 (1890).
citreola, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 67, 139 (1873);. Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 235 (1876) ;
f r< ^tr’ l1' *v‘ P1 D*1 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 193 (1877) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881,
P- 39 5 Scully, t. c. p. 452; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 110; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 80.
&0. ' ’ aduh. Shargol, August 20, 1873.
j. imrv, Tanksi, September 17, 1873.
Tanksi, September 18, 1873'
$ imm. Sarikol, May 9, 1874. — Length 7 inches, wing 3-12, tail 2-9,
s - expanse 10; bill from front 05, from gape 068; length of foot D55,
eiul^r * 1 ’ mbldle toe 078, hind toe 073, hind claw 04 ; wings reach within 19 of
bail. Iris brown; bill black; feet black, soles greenish yellow-brown,
d adult.
5°- 738
No.
imm.
imm.
not given,
tarsus 0-92
■No.
Sarikol, May 9, 1874. — Length 7-5 inches, wing 35, tail 3'25, tarsus
No,
0'8 1 GXt)anse tl ; bill from front 052, from gape 076 ; length of foot L7, middle toe
bib' l0e 9'76, hind claw 04 ; wings reach within 1-85 of end of tail. Iris brown ;
aC^ ’ b°ct black, soles yellowish.
p.y.’ ^ aduit. Sarikol, May 9, 1874. — Length 7'5 inches, wing 3-42, tail 3-1, tarsus
expanse 11 ; bill from front O' 5 2, from gape 0*75 ; length of foot L65, spread
i 2
60
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
D2 ; middle toe O' 8, kind toe 0'78, hind claw 0'4 ; wings reach within 1'9 of
tail.
No. 1647. Sarikol, May 10, 1874.
end
Dr. Scully writes : — •“ This species was very common in the plains from March to -A-Ug1^
and was met with in the valley of the Karakash at an elevation of about 12,000 feet neal r
end of the latter month ; it was never observed in winter. The bird was never seen
houses, but always in swampy ground and about marshes. It breeds probably a
month of May, as quite a young nestling was obtained on the 15th June. The Turki
for this species is ‘ Sarik Sunduk,’ i. e. the Yellow Wagtail.”
113. Motacilla citreoloides.
, MT. ora'
Buclytes citreoloides, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 224 (1873) ; Homeyer & Tancre,
Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 86.
Budytes cilreola, var. melanonota, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 67, 139 (1873). Qates>
Motacilla citreoloides, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 178; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 507 (1885),
Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 299 (1890). ^ \\ 0;
Budytes calcaratus, Blyth; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 69; Scully, t. c. p. 452; C. Swinh. Ibis, 188 , P
Bidd. t. c. p. 280 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 63.
Nos. 404, 405, imm. Mataian, August 14, 1873.
No. 434, imm. Tashgam, August 17, 1873. p-9;
No. 586, imm. Leh, August 30, 1873. — Length 7 inches, wing 31, tail 2'9, tavsuS ^ ^
expanse 9' 6 ; bill from front 0'5, from gape 0'73 ; length of foot 17, hind chW
Iris brown ; bill black ; feet black.
No. 617, imm. Leh, September 4, 1873.
No. 653, imm. Leh, September 9, 1873.
No. 1605, d adult. Sarikol, May 9, 1871 (Cajpt. Trotter). pii-sns
No. 1606, <3 adult. Sarikol, May 9, 1874. — Length 7'4 inches, wing 3'45, tail 3 L
1T3; expanse 10'9 ; bill from front 0'52, from gape 0-75; length of foot 1‘8> 0f
1‘25 ; middle toe 0'85, hind toe 0'9, hind claw 0'5 ; wings reach within 1‘9 6
tail. Iris dark brown ; bill black ; feet brownish black, soles yellowish.
Colonel Biddulph obtained specimens at Dras and Kargil in July.
Genus ANTHUS.
114. Anthus triviaeis.
Pipastes arboreus, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 226 (1873). . ^ l^s’
Anthus trivialis (L.) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 179; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 235 (1876); lC^ ^ 5^
1881, p. 70 ; Scully, t. c. p. 452 ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 110 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. M»8*
(1885) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 302 (1890).
Anthus arboreus, Severtz. Turkest, Jevotn. pp. 67, 139 (1873) ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn-
1883, p. 86 ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 485 (1887).
Pipastes ayilis (nee Sykes) ; Stoliczka, Str. F. ii. p. 463 (1874).
Anthus microrhynchus, Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 63.
No. 609. Leh, August 3, 1873.
AYES.
61
No September 4, 1873.
Ko September 9, 1873.
No -!50' PNkung, September 20, 1873.
°'] J 79, $ adult. Panjah, April 17, 1874. — Bill dusky black above, fleshy at lower base,
c,lsky at tip ; feet flesliy, soles white ; iris dark brown. Length 7'0 inches, Aving 3'7,
Ko tail 2-8, tarsus 0-9.
d adult. Panjah, April 23, 1874.
N°- 15825,
adult. Langarkisli, April 26, 1874.
at TariV Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 152 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 195 (1877) ;
Utes’ Paun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 307 (1890).
Weds • jjCUlly Wl‘ifes : — “ This species is a seasonal visitant to Eastern Turkestan, tvhere it
Muter. r|,,Was observed on several occasions in June and in July, but was never met with in
Mils abom 16 ^fluents undulating ground covered with short grass, and is very shy. It
abduljj|.- J ' ery swiftly in the uneven ground which it affects, and its flight is strong and
a^out ^ bts note, which it utters as it rises, is a sweet soft twitter. It probably hatches
Were «een bfQllins °f Ju>’ as on the 31st of that month some young birds of this species
bieatis < . Jetween Igarchi and Posgam. The Turki name for this bird is ‘ Sairam,' which
Paging.’ ”
117 .
TI1PS CAMPESTRIS.
■dflthug
EastZ,p>eS^** (IJ-) 5 Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 67, 141 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 178; Blanf.
I'au ' .Clsia> ii. p. 237 (1876); Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 70; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 110 ; Homeyer &
bju^le’ - orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 86; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 570 (1885) ; id. Trans.
A'lr,>dr ^ ZooL v- P- 79 (1889) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 309 (1890).
No. Ij,qq 1 CamPes^s, Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 195 (1877).
’ Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
62
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
118. Anthus PRATENSIS. .
1 79 ■
Anthus pratemis (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 67, 139 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 18/6, p- fc’rpaiici'^
East. Persia, ii. p. 236 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 194 (1877) ; Homeyer jjj,
MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 86 ; Sliarpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 580 (1885) ; Radde,
p. 485 (1B87). _ farStlS
No. 1159. Kashghar, December 17, 1873. — Length 6*25 inches, wing 3'1, tail 2^ ^
0'8 ; expanse 9'8 ; bill from front 0*44, from gape 0'62; length of foot 1'7, l*in gje
0’5; wings reach within 13 of end of tail. Iris blackish brown; bill horny*
fleshy below, dark at tip ; feet pale dusky, tarsi paler. (Capt. Trotter.)
No. 1333. Kashghar, February 10, 1874-
Dr. Stoliczka says that this bird was not uncommon near water in December.
119. Anthus cervinus.
Anthus cervinus (Pall.) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 180 ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 236 (1876) ;
pirisch
Verf1'
or'1
z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxix. p. 66 (1879) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 70 ; Homeyer & Tancre, Ml' ii-
Wien, 1883, p. 86; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 586 (1885) ; Oates, Eaun. Brit. In ■>
p. 310 (1890).
Anthus cervinus, var. rufogularis, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 67, 140 (1873). ^ y
No. 1474, adult. Panjah, April 16, 1874. — Bill horny black, yellowish at base, J- pjs ,
tips ; feet fleshy brown, tarsi paler, soles pale yellow ; iris brown. Length 6 •-*
wing 3-45, tail 2'5, tarsus 0'9.
120. Anthus spipoletta.
Anthus aquaticus, Bechst. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1873) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. R2 (J8 jlO;
Anthus blukistoni, Swinli. ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 70; Scully, ibid. p. 453; C. Swinh. Ibis, 188*’
Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 84 (1887). prjeV'
Anthus spinoletta (L.); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 180; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 236 (1876) > gg?) ;
Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 194 (1877) ; Menzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 354; Radde, Ornis, id- P* ^
Oates, Eaun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 312 (1890). i v. P' ^
Anthus spipoletta, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 592 (1885) ; id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) ^o0 ’
(1889).
No. 948. Sanju, November 1, 1873.
No. 1034. Yarkand, November 21, 1873.
Nos. 1078, 1083, 1085, 1089. Yarkand, November 28, 1873.
Nos. 1137, 1138. Kashghar, December 12, 1873. -
No. 1157. Kashghar, December 17, 1873. — Length 7'3 inches, wing 3'75,
0'9; expanse 117 ; bill from front 0'55, from gape 0-7 ; length of foot l‘&> 1 Jai'k
0'4 ; wings reach within 15 of end of tail. Iris dark brown; bill blackish f eS
at tip ; feet blackish horny brown.
Nos. 1205, 1207. Kashghar, Jan. 17, 1874. Q t^s
No. 1218. Kashghar, January 20, 1874. — Length 7'2 inches, wing 3-75, ta^ ^
0'95; expanse 116 ; bill from front 0‘52, from gape 0'75; length of f°0^ _ piack-
dark hazel-brown ; bill blackish, pale below, yellowish at base ; feet brovtuis
No. 1267. Kashghar, January 24, 1874.
No. 1335. Kashghar, February 11, 1874.
No. 1343. Kashghar, February 12, 1874.
AYES.
63
^ °|°nel Biddulpli says that tliis Pipit was very common about water all through the
?frpU. ^le ptaifts of Turkestan.
of t]lf species,” Dr. Scully says, “ was common in Kashgharia in winter. I shot several
tj1(; rr, ^onamarg, August 10, 1873.
^ Baltal, August 12, 1873.
Wording to Dr. Stoliczka’s ‘ Diary ’ this species was not common near Sonamarg.
^ EETHia hodgsoni.
nhla familiaris, L.; Hume & Renders. Lahore to Yark. p. 180 (1873); Homeyer & Tancre, MT.
CerlhiahZet' Wien’ 1883> P- 83-
^ 0 9 s°ni, Brooks; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 329 (1889).
^ tv ith by Dr. Henderson in Kashmir.
123.
Genus TICHODROMA.
murabia.
Tich°droma
Tich
muraria (L.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 181 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 176;
.. ani- East. Persia, ii. p. 223 (1876) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 136 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc.
Ibk (1877) i Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 30 ; Scully, ibid. p. 431 ; C. Swinb. Ibis, 1882, p. 103 ; Severtz.
Brit’ r 83’ P‘ 71 ; Zaru(bi- Ois, Transcasp. p. 47 (1885) ; Menzbier, Ibis, 1875, p. 357 ; Oates, Faun.
Tichodro, lnd’’ BirdS} 1 P- 334 (1889) > Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 77 (1889).
Nq ’j-pg rS a,r^cePs, Horsf. ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 46 (1889).
N0 ^ atb Murree, June 25, 1873.
No' 029 ad' Murree> JulY 13> !873.
N0 400’ lmm' Srinagar, July 31, 1873.
5 adult. Tashkyum, August 20, 1873. — Bill horny black ; feet bluish; iris blackish.
T J-uunnj LA Illy xLU^ LI ij 1/ iJV) -LU I U* AJiiX
N0 ^nclles) wing 2'9, tail 2'5, tarsus 0-75.
’ *mm- Shargol, August 20, 1873.
Com:
Sind y umon in Kashmir according to Dr. Henderson, who obtained several specimens in the
e.v both in June and October.
127.
Pares
CYANES.
arus cyanus, Pall. ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 232 (1873); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 66
*T ( 873) i Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 93 ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 154 (1876).
°‘ South of Sanju Pass, Karakash Valley, October 22, 1873.— Length 5 2 inches,
N0 tail 2-45. Bill horny blackish ; feet pale bluish.
No Tdm> October 25, 1873.—“ Kok-talke ” (Kokan).
No’ pom B°ra’ November 4, 1873.
N°. Yarkand, November 23, 1873.
N0S iq-o Kaslighar, December 15, 1873.
N0. 1859- Tluba, June 6, 1874.
j Pasrobat, May 13, 1874.
°f WoVS ' D3ary ’ Dr- Stoliczka says that P. cyanus was evidently breeding near Pasrobat, and
the otheeUilaleS Sll0t near Cuba, “ one had well-developed eggs, but had not begun laying ;
of ^lazar p .Sma11 CSSS” On the 5th of June, writing from the camp about two miles west
Hv b(i says that the species was breeding in the Duba Valley.
taftlarisk ■ derson writes “ This beautiful little species was common in August in the
It ka(} a',Ullgles on the banks of the Arpalak, within fifteen miles of the plains of Yarkand,
one of tlPPareritly been recently breeding, as all the specimens obtained were young birds,
sI>ecies ' 6m bein§ scarcely fully fledged.” Dr. Scully also observes “ This pretty little
°f the AraS with m small flocks among the tamarisk-bushes which grow on the banks
ColonV'\anCl Sanju streams. It had evidently been breeding in those places.”
^t'Veen Piddulph sends us the following note : — “ We met this first in November
aUd Yarkand in small scrub jungle, and everywhere in similar localities
e winter all over the plains of Turkestan. They were especially common at
66
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Maralbashi. We again saw them on our way up to the Pamir, but not, so far as I retne® ’
in Wakhan. We did not see them about the plains of Turkestan in summer; but then
found them higher up, as in the Kulustan valley.”
128. Parus monticola.
Parus monticolus, Vig. ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 229 (1873).
Parus monticola, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 49 (1889).
Nos. 34, 36, adults. Murree, June 25, 1873.
Common in Kashmir, according to Dr. Henderson.
Genus LOPHOPHAWES.
129. LOPHOP HANES MELANOLOPHUS.
Parus melanolophus, Yig. ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 72 ; Scully, t. c. p. 588. . 57
Loplioplianes melanolophus , Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 61 ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds?
(1889).
No. 328. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873. q.05;
No. 351. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873. — Length 4 ‘4 inches, wing 2'55, tail 1'75, tarsus ^
expanse 75 ; bill from front 032, from gape 0-45 ; length of foot 11- -*-rlS
brown ; bill black ; feet bluish.
Nos. 356, 364. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873.
No. 386. Baltal, August 12, 1873.
130. Lophophanes rueinuchalis.
Parus rufonuchalis, Blyth ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 72 ; Scully, t. c. p. 568. pis,
Lophophanes rufonuchalis, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 229 (1873) ; Wardlaw RaWsaL
1880, p. 62 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1882, p. 281 ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 58 (1889).
No. 326, imm. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873. ..
No. 350, adult. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873. — Length 5’45 inches, wing 2‘86, ^al
tarsus 075 ; expanse 9 ; bill from front 0-45, from gape 0-55 ; length of foot 1 ,J'
brown; bill black ; feet bluish.
No. 361. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873.
No. 376. Baltal, August 12, 1873.
2-l»
iris
Genus SYLVIIPAEUS.
131. Sylviipartjs modestus.
Sylviparus modestus, Burt. ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 53 (1889).
No. 500, $ . About Kharbu, 12,000 feet, August 22, 1873. — Length 4 inches, uuu»
tail l-3, tarsus 0-55 ; expanse 7‘25 ; bill from front 0-32, from gape 0‘4. IrlS
brown ; bill bluish horny ; feet bluish.
2-3,
AYES.
67
No It]' Leh’ Au=ust 27> 1873-
' 0bL Leh, August 28, 1873.
8tfhczka says that this species was very common near Leh in August. Here Colonel
Used to a^S° ^°UT1^ 8'rcat numbers of old and young birds in September. He says : — “We
See them picking at those excrescences so common on willow-leaves.”
132.
Genus fllGITHALISCUS.
^ITHALISCUS erythrocephaltts.
y^kaliscus erythrocephalus (Yig.) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 50 (1889).
°- 39- Murree, June 25, 1873.
133
Genus iEGITHALUS.
^hlTHALUS CORONATUS. (Plate VII.)
9'thjlug coronatus , Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 136, pi. 9. fig. 3 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 175 ;
8ha
^ .. laifie/l'rans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 76 (1889).
^ a^Us stoliczkce, Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 521 (1874).
°' * ad. Bora, November 4, 1873— Bill bluish homy ; feet bluish ; iris blackish
Nos To^11 length 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1’7, tarsus 0-6.
Th ^ a<^ults- Maralbaslii, January 1874.
ese sPecimens were identified by Dr. Sevcrtzoff himself as belonging to his species,
0r°natus.
by j^°^nel Liddulph writes : — “ One or two specimens were shot somewhere near Kashghar
Parties* of 0li,Czka- In the jungles about Maralbashi they were common. They were in
a dozen, threading their way in and out of the hushes.”
131
Genus LEPTOPCECILE.
^EkTopcucjLE SOPHIA. (Plate VIII.)
Wcpcecile sophia, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 66, 135, pi. viii. figs. 8, 9 (1873) ; Dresser, Dus, 1876,
' 71 > Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 153 (1876); Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 191 (1877); Bidd.
I88L p. 37; Scully, ibid. p. 567; Bidd. Ibis, 1882, p. 280; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i.
Ibi
P- 246 (1889)
N0s hCSkana stoliczlc®, Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 513 (1874).
No. 8‘*‘7’ 821. Shahidula, October 19, 1873.
858,
Gidjik, October 24, 1873. — Bill black; feet horny blackish brown; iris
N
to
No. 85b5 ^ leA length 4‘6 inches, wing 2‘1, tail 2T5, tarsus 0'72.
Js. 8*3
5s. i,
Colo;
Gidjik, October 24, 1873.
859- ? ad.
°s. i^no872, u,°- Tam, October 25, 1873.
Col ’ ^ d • Akdarra (Aktala), March 22, 1874.
Narkand ka^uhh sends us the following note : — “We met with this species on our way
’ lu Cie Karakash Valley, at elevations of from 11,000 to 14,000 feet. There are
k 2
68
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
yre re
lots of low thorny hushes in this valley, and in these we found the birds in pairs. They ^
pretty numerous, but very difficult to shoot, as on our approach they concealed them
I heard no song. A few days later we found them immediately below the Sanju Pass, 011 ^
northern side, in similar jungle at about 11,000 feet. We also saw this species, I am sUlC^r(j
our way up to the Pamir in similar localities at about the same elevations. A y°un" Qlll.
was certainly procured at Leh in June, but with this exception we saw none elsewhere °n
way back.” .
A U°,U5
This pretty little species,” writes Dr. Scully, “ was met with in Kashghana m
ibuk, sbfU re
The birds *
A 111.3 JpiCttj lltllC optClCioj V\ IllCS JL/1 • UClillJ j WdO LliCL VVJ.UJ-L xU. ^ , i
along the banks of the Ivarakash River, at Pilataghach, Toglirasu, Oibuk, 8b'1
Balakchi, and Gulgun Shah, at elevations of from 10,800 to 13,000 feet, me
numerous and continually hopping about or flitting from place to place in the Tmia,cpy
buckthorn, and Hololachie bushes growing on the banks of the river ; they uttered a
loud, sweet chirping cry. I do not know which was most difficult, to see these birds, to
them, or to find them when shot, in the dense bushes which they frequent.”
Genus PAWURUS.
135. Pantjkl's biakmictts.
Calamophilus biarmicus (L.) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 154 (1876) ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn
1883, p. 85.
Parnnts barbatus, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 66 (1873).
Punurus biarmicus, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 94; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 191 (1877)-
Calamophilus barbatus, Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 476 (1887).
No. 035, 6 . Oi-tograk, November 4, 1873. — Length 6‘8 inches, wing 2A5,
expanse 7 ‘5. Iris golden ; bill reddish yellow ; feet black.
No. 936, ? . Oi-tograk, November 4, 1873. — Length 6- 85 inches, wing 2 6,
Ver.
-q'ieio
tail
tail
34;
i2S
i-ea1
3-a,
cli
“ Cachee ”
black streak
ob
the
tarsus 0-9 ; expanse 7*07. Iris yellow ; bill dusky yellow ; feet black ; mm»
within 2-75 inches of end of tail.
Nos. 937, 939. Oi-tograk, November 4, 1873.
Nos. 1002, 1003. Yarkand, November 11, 1873. ^ j.ap)
No. 1015. Yarkand, November 13, 1873. “ Kuckace ” (Yarkand) ; “Cachee (
Nos. 1016, 1022, 1023. Yarkand, November 13, 1873.
Nos. 1036, 1037, 1038, 1040, 1041. Yarkand, November 22, 1873.
All young birds of the last season, No. 1040 having still some
back.
Nos. 1081, 1087. Yarkand, November 28, 1873.
No. 1235. Maralbashi, January 1874.
Nos. 1713, 1716. Yarkand, May 22, 1874.
Dr. Stoliczka states in his ‘ Diary ’ that he shot the first specimen of this bird, w U olJ
not know, just as he was leaving Oi-tograk, in the high reed-grass, where it mas ® ^ &
the seeds of the latter. He got it again in November near Yarkand in swampy »l° sum
is rather interesting, in view of the affinities set forward for the Reedling hy^
. ffniberl'
others, that Dr. Stoliczka, in the later pages of his diary, refers to it as the “ nem ■p"u g&bj Ll
“ Calamophilus biarmicus” writes Colonel Biddulph, “we first got betme
and Karghalik at Oi-tograk in November, in high reed-grass, in bush-jungle, »
AYES.
69
°n ree<^s j again in the swamps round Yarkand, and again in similar localities
do Tl( j. * ,ai'U,)asln it was very common, in flocks of from 30 to 40. This was in winter. I
■\paj_j li:‘’_a('fnber seeing them anywhere in summer, and certainly never on the Pamir or in
Eastc^1 ' r^CUl^v says : — “The Bearded Beedling was exceedingly common in the plains of
bord/.11 ^ lu>kestan, among the reeds and rushes growing in marshy ground and on the
jTl ^ * 8 lakes. I did not observe it in winter, but it was said to he a permanent resident
% ltie]C0UntrJr- These birds take sliort wavering flights, in small flocks usually, and as they
sPeci(;1 U< a,CUiaous sound, which is sought to be imitated by the Turki name given to the
es> Jingjing.’ Near Yarkand this bird breeds in April and May.”
l36- Zosterops
Pamily MELIPKAGIDA.
Genus ZOSTEROPS.
Zos(e
palpebrosa.
^ terops palpebrosa (T.) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 214 (1889).
C IS’ ^urree’ ^ 7' 1878-
N0 ' Tinali, Jhelum Yalley, July 18, 1873.
No' itl' Chackoti, July 22, 1873.
'y- Gond, August 8, 1873.
Was v ^ Tiddulph procured specimens at Baramula in August, and says that the species
1y common in the Jhelum Yalley in Kashmir.
137,
Eamily EEGULIDflE.
Genus REGULUS.
I^GULTJS regelus,
Relu/lUa regulus> Linn- Syst. Nat. i. p. 338 (1766).
'i istalus, Koch; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 66 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 92; Bidd. Ibis,
J;81’ P- 67; Scully, t. c. p. 450; Bidd. Ibis, 1882, p. 279; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver.
Re„uj ,1Gn.5 p. 84; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 344 (1889).
S ^malayensis, Blyth; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 173 (1877).
0 il9| ad‘ Sau.K November 1, 1873.— Bill black ; feet horny black. Length 4T5
N0. ’ winS 2-l, tail 1-7, tarsus 0'75.
ad. Bora, November 4, 1873— Bill black; feet horny brown. Length 4-2
No. 94?es! winS 2-2, tail 16.
Nos Bora> November 4, 1873.
°s-lnv m
Nos pn 5 1121, ad. Yangihissar, December 2, 1873.
’ llTl, ad. Kashghar, December 11-14, 1873.
Seeu by Colonel Biddulph at Leh in September.
N-lso
70
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Family LANIIDiE.
Genus LAN I US.
138. Lanius homeyeri.
Lanius homeyeri, Cab. ; Severtz. Str. F. iii. p. 430 (1875) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 136 (1876) ; ^
1881, p. 51 ; Scully, ibid. p. 432 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 87 ;
Ibis, 1885, p. 357 ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 462 (1889).
Lanius leucopterus, Scvertz. Tnrkest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1863) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 184.
No. 1097. Yangihissar, November 30, 1873. — Length 1 0‘ 5 inches, wing 4'7, jrjg
tarsus l-2 ; expanse 15 ; bill from front 07, from gape 1*17 ; length of foot 1 S- ^
hazel-brown ; hill bluish horny above, pale at base and sides, pale fleshy heloW,
dusky tip ; feet, horny black ; wings reach within 3 inches of end of tail.
No. 1337. Kashgliar, February 11, 1874.
No. 1376. Jigda, February 25, 1874. i
l Yai‘kalia
“ This Shrike,” Dr. Scully writes, “ was tolerably common near Kashghar ana ‘ p
in winter ; it was never seen in spring or summer, as it bad then migrated north war - r
chiefly affects bare places with a few trees scattered about, but is occasionally seeUp.ees,
villages. Near Kizil in January I saw some of these Shrikes perched on small leaflebS ^
sitting very motionless and apparently not alarmed when one approached them even P ^
closely. This Shrike was occasionally trained to capture small birds, such as Spm'ioW,^
... It is the winter Shrike of Kashgharia, as Lanius arenarius is the summer one.
Turki name for the species is ‘ Ala ghurulai,’ the Variegated Shrike.”
139. Lanius erytiironotus.
Lanius erythronotus (Vig.) ; Hume & Renders. Lahore to Yark. p. 182 (1873) ; Bidd. Ibis,
Scully, t. c. p. 433; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 464 (1889).
188b P
si ;
No. 27. Murree, June 24, 1873.
Nos. 138, juv., 140, ad. Hatti, Jhelum Valley, July 21, 1873.
No. 156, juv. Baramula, July 25, 1873.
No. 198. Srinagar, July 29, 1873.
No. 267. Srinagar, August 5, 1873 (Ternbh).
Colonel Biddulph says that he saw this species only in Kashmir and Ladak, south
Indus ; more were seen in the Indus Valley.
of tllC
140. Lanius isabellinus. ,05;
i q76 P*
Lanius isabellinus, Ebr. ; Severtz. Turltest. Jevotn. pp. 67, 144 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, Q’m\ 0D
Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 139 (1876); Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 433; C. Swinb. Ibis, l^^’ tf0ob v'
Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 70; Menzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 357; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. 0
p. 76 (1889). n gtr.F>
Lanius arenarius, Blyth; Hume & Hcnders. Lahore to Yark. p. 183, pi. iii. (1873) ; Scully,
p. 137 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 274 (1877) ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, P- ( gR
Lanius cristatus (nee L.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 182 (1873) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, l
Otornela isabellina, Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 35 (1885).
AYES.
7L
999, ad. Yarkand, November 12, 1873. — Length 7'5 inches, wing 3'57, tail 3 '2,
arsus 0-95 ; expanse 11*2 ; bill from front 0-45, from gape 0\8 ; length of foot 1'55. Iris
]\to 1Tnyn 5 hill dusky brown above, pale at base of lower mandible ; feet brownish black.
ad. East of Ighiz Yar, May 19, 1874. — Got four eggs on a pear-tree 10 feet
]y0 a_ 0Ve ground.
Nos
Hi
993, ad. Kizil, May 19, 1874. — Got two eggs on a tree about 15 feet above ground,
o i a!'" ahout ten miles east of Ighiz Yar I got the nest of this Lanins (shooting the
lale)
orL a pear-tree, between branches about ten feet above the ground. The nest is
yound - —
‘Glow,’ Uld^e °f twigs outside, with some grass and cotton and old rags interwoven together.
a*iotlinl!ei° eggs m the nest, the young being nearly fully developed
Gilev r\ 4. u •
that be ugh up on a tree, with two fresh eggs.’
saw full-fledged voung near Besliterek.
colonel , ,, -r
At Kizil I got
On the 31st of May, 1874, he states
basE i • <>3le^ Giddulph sends us a note : — “ I shot the first specimen, a solitary one, at Maral-
May”lnTfUly- It was peculiarly common everywhere in the plains when we returned in
dev:
a’son
is evidently this species, as Dr. Scully suspects, which was procured by Dr. Hen-
Dr. Scully writes : — “ The Desert Shrike is very common in
the plap1K^ ca^e^ L. cristatus ,
Yarha Nasligharia, where it breeds. I obtained my first specimen of this species near
of A c 0n Die 14th April, and from that date it was observed continuously up to the 15th
ahout \QSt’ Wlleu 1 saw the last of this Shrike north of the Chuchu Pass, at an elevation of
PO'Ssibi . It was not observed at all during the winter, and with the exception of
October & ^6W s^ray stragglers, the bird no doubt migrates from Eastern Turkestan about
i\fay an’| 09s agrees exactly with the native account of the matter. The bird breeds in
une.” Dr. Scully gives a full account of the eggs.
Eamily AMPELID2E.
Ipy Genus AMPE LIS.
• ^pelis GAURUlxjs.
mpe!*S 9arrulus, L. ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 188; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 153 (1876); Prjev. in
owley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 273 (1877) ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 88 ;
JS 0rn, mT°> Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 212 (1885).
vy Cilia aarruln (T. \ .
Th*
for Mr ^ sPecies was only procured by Dr. Scully, who writes “ This bird was purchased
• law in the bazaar of Yarkand, where it was being carried about perched on a man’s
■I c
yurrula (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1873).
froger,
s°Hiid t Pear°d to be very quiet in confinement, and was never heard to utter any
Pad jUjt , 1 S00n died, however, and before we left Yarkand Mr. Shaw gave me the skin, as I
its denS(, Je°U a^e procure a specimen. When alive the bird had a beautiful appearance :
I heard V^°SS^ ^eat^ers gave it rather the look of a perfect wax model than a living bird,
also be Several sources that this species wras common in the hills near Aksu, and I
r °h its occurrence in Sarikol ; the bird is never seen in the plains of Eastern
72
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Turkestan, unless it be in captivity. The Yarkandis have an absurd legend about tlu^
being the grandsire of the common Hoopoe! A Yarkandi bird-catcher told uie
bii'd
its
name was £ Tagh hupiipi,’ the c Mountain Hoopoe ; ’ but this
evolved out of his inner consciousness.”
designation was
don
.bt
Eamilv SYLYIIDiE.
Genus AC EO CEPH ALUS.
142. Acrocephalus turdoides. ijaiiei'®’
Acrocephalus turdoides (Meyer) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 95 (1881) ; Homeyei
MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 84; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 71 (1889)’ ^ ) ■
Acrocephalus arundinaceus , L. ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 146 (1876); Blanf. East. Persia, ii. P- ^ Jail6’
I have examined the specimen procured by Dr. Scully at Yarkand on the 23rd jjjjji
and there is no question of its being the true A. turdoides. The Yarkandi shikaris » is
the following information about this Reed- Warbler : — “The Turki name ^
seasonal visitant, arriving about March, and leaving at the be^
103
the
c Kanaiclii.’ It is a seasonal visniiui, arnvmg auuui j'wu h, auu jn
winter, when the water begins to freeze. It breeds in Yarkand, making its ^ t|0e,s n0*"
yelmn (reeds), where it lives, and laying four eggs about the beginning of June. pci's^1
migrate to Hindustan, but westwards to Mazendaran (an extensive forest-regi(jU ^at pie
near the borders of the Caspian).” Eggs were brought to Dr. Scully, who says
species was often heard in reeds and marshy ground near Yarkand, but he could on >
one specimen.
143. Acrocephalus stentorius.
„ . ii. Bfh'
Acrocephalus stentorius (H. & E.) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 194 (1876) ; Seebohm, La • gcUply,
v. p. 98 (1881) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 108 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 42 (1885) ,
S. Beng. lvi. p. 81 (1887) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 356 (1889).
Acrocephalus brunnescens (Jerd.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 214, pi. xvi. (R
jVlus-
J>
Nos. 200, 202, 206, 216, 220, 223, 227- Srinagar, July 29-31, 1873. . ,suS V1’
No. 217. Srinagar, August 3, 1873.— Length 7 '35 inches, wing 3‘38, tail 2‘7°’ "atl
expanse 10 ; bill from front 0’75, from gape IT ; length of foot T4. L’is
lighter round the pupil ; bill blackish horny, pale below ; feet bluish horn} ^ pr-
Very common in Kashmir, according to Dr. Henderson, breeding in that co
Stoliczka mentions that he found young birds near Srinagar in July.
144. Acrocephalus agricola.
Acrocephalus agricola, Jerd.; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 105 (1881) ; Severtz. Ri •
Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 42 (1885) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 359 (1® s^o)
Salicaria capistrata, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 66, 127 (1873) ; id. Str. F. iii. p. 425 (
Ibis, 1876, p. 84.
Salicaria modesta, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 66.
Salicaria gracilis, Severtz. t. c. p. 66.
1883; P*
prc3i
S&’
AYES.
73
N0, 201 Srinagar, July 29, 1873.
235. Srinagar, August 1, 1873.
0S- 1715, 1717. Yarkand, May 22, 1874.
°* 1782- Yarkand, May 24, 1874.
Colonel Biddulph says that he only procured this species in the Sind Valley.
U5- Tuibura 3
Genus TRIBURA.
major. (Plate IX.)
L.USC iniola major (Brooks) ; Seebolim, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 124 (1881).
crocephalus macrorhynchus (Hume) ; Scully, Str. P. iv. p. 146 (1876).
umeticola major, Brooks; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 65 ; Scully, t. c. p. 448.
" ura major, Oates, Paun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 362 (1889).
N°‘ 3°°- Sonamarg, August 10, 1873— Length 5-65 inches, wing 2'3, tail 2 35, tarsus
; expanse 7 -15 ; hill from front 0-38, from gape 0-8. Iris brown ; bill horny,
yellow below ; feet light brown, tarsi yellowish fleshy.
°- 352. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873.— Length 6‘2 inches, wing 2-38, tail 2-5, tarsus 0’8;
expanse 7-2; length of foot 1*3. Iris brown; bill horny, yellow below; feet pale,
Nos 'S? Sligllt flcslly tirL»e-
' 383. Baltal, August 12, 1873.
Nos.
No. 4,90
i':>,2= 435, ad. et juv. Tashgam, Eras Valley, August 17, 1873.
CbJUV. AcbMlgau-L, J J ...
Kharbu, Ladak, August 21, 1873.— Length 6'25 inches, wing 2*3, tail 2’4,
tarsus 0-9 ; bill from front 0’55, from gape 0'75. Iris pale brown ; hill horny black,
ower mandible paler, yellow at the angles of the mouth. Note “tick, tick, tick .
Y0 1Vcs *u fields on grass. Native name “ Cliihi marta.”
No 5S’ fIlarbU) August 21, 1873.
Nos. iL Leh’ Au§ust 27> 1873-
45,1850. Kugiar, June 2, 1874.
4Ua^Corilph states that he found this Warbler very common in Ladak, especially
O both coming and going. It frequented the cornfields, at elevations of from
rn, 0 1Y000 feet, and was not found near water. It occurred singly , am not m oc 's.
sPecimen procured by Dr. Scully was only doubtfully referred to his Acrocephalm
Mr X Tchus by Mr. Hume, who was not able at the time to compare it with the type,
llentir , ln (Cat. B. v. p 403) thought it must be Sypolais rama, but Mr. Oates has
foUnd witb T. major (cf. Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 361). Dr. Scully writes :-«I
O* blrd between Kizil Aghil and Tam, at elevations of from 7000 to 9000 feet, in
it S
East. Persia, ii. p. 174 (1876) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 6 (1881) ; Homeyer goo1,
MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 84; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 67 ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn- 8°°'
v. pt. 3, p. 70 (1889).
Nisoria undata (Brehm) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 149 (1876).
No. 1697. Kizil, May 19, 1874.
Nos. 1735, 1736, 1741, 3743, 1788, 1790, 1795. Yarkand, May 15th to 26th, 1874-
Nos. 1815, 1818, 1823, 1828. Karghalik, May 30, 1874.
AYES.
75
_ ' Yarkand, May 23, 1874. — Length 7 inches, wing 3 ‘4, tail 2 ’8, tarsus 1‘05 ;
-Panse 10-7; bill from front 0‘5, from gape 0'77. Iris sulphur-yellow; hill dark
*ny above and at tip of lower mandible, pale fleshy at base ; wings reach within 17
of end of tail. “Bulbul” ( Turki ). A beautiful songster, of which I got two
es s and saw several others in gardens. Begins to lay about the middle of May.
'■Diary* ^ date ^1R 24th of May, when the expedition was at Yarkand, Dr. Stoliczka’s
la °He I ^ ,1° lowing note : — “Grot the nest of the Bulbul: it is very plentiful in the gardens,
young . 7° ' ^U ee nests with from four to five eggs ; in one nest they had nearly fully-developed
SeVen ^hers the eggs were almost fresh. The nest is on a tree or bush at from four to
°Utsic]e 0p )0ve the ground; it is a regular Sylvia’s nest, round, regularly cup-shaped, made
It js ] 3 . Coarse grass and thin dry twigs, inside of thin grass interwoven with horse-hair.
Mth ,1^1 d 1 c^eep, and 2|- inches in inner diameter, perfectly round. Eggs dirty greenish
dicker encpeenisk sP°ts, and rounded, with more confluent drill dark blotches round the
. l>r.nC'
ah
Scull
a0ont the - glves a good account of the nesting of this species, which, he says, “arrives
aever ^^onrhood of Yarkand in May, and probably migrates about September ; it is
henc() call wi ^le country during the winter. It has a beautiful and melodious song, and is
Colonel • the Tarkandis ‘ Bulbul.’ ”
hanrir ^Ve e,. ®^ddulph writes: — “This was not a winter bird, but on our return from the
was Co °Uud k about Yarkand in May, where it had already commenced to breed. It
habitation °maion about Karghalik. It is a beautiful songster. It is tame, and comes about
149
WOUs.
Sylv
Sylvia
II is a bush- and tree-haunting bird, but it is never seen on the ground.
IA- CINEREA.
(lSlT? ^^echst-) 5 Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873); Secbohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
Fam, i . dd‘ Il)is’ 188L P- 67; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 84;
W Za nnt; „Ind” BMsb h P- 395 (1889) .
N0. ' Cld‘ 5 Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 79 ; Scully, Str. F. 1881, p. 450.
Y ' hukung, September 19, 1873.
lng bird fresh moulted into winter plumage.
150,
v. p. 8
Oates,
VlA Nana.
Cat ‘U\\ & E-) 1 Blanf. East. Persia, ii
Oates V nt' MUS‘ v- P- 36 (188:
y“LBr,‘- IutL' Birds' <• p-
B B • — ’’ A ci am, ii. p. 178 (1876); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 80; Seebohm,
nt. Mus. v. p. 26 (1881) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 71 (1889) ;
396 (1889).
p. 4,3 (Vao^enS^S (Dversm.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 65, 124 (1873) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp.
Xykiu araL, -^ Menzbier> lhis> 188^ P- 354.
hT0_ g irJcv- m Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 170 (1877).
brownigU^kh^Ba’ October 20, 1873. — Length 5 inches. Iris golden yellow ; bill
^ ^ 5 Paie underneath : feet nale vellnw with a faint, cTppuish tin o-o
ArpINls.
Vlvta affini
Seeb» Warcllaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 59; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p.
L A. S. Beng^ B!it'.Mus- v‘ P- 19 (1881) i Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 41 (1885); Scully,
67 ; Scully, t. c. p. 450 ;
p. p. 4
p. 80 (1887) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 397 (1889).
L 2
76
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Sylvia curruca (nee Linn.) ; Severtz. Turlcest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to '
p. 221 (1873) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 175 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Oru. Misc. u. P
{1877)‘ . 0.2-6,
No. 80. Indus Valley, south of Chimray, September 13, 1873. — Length 5'65 inches, win» Vp
tail 2-45, tarsus 0‘78; hill from front 0-3, from gape 0-68. Iris light brown,
horny black ; feet horny blackish.
No. 146, imm. Urumbu, Jlieluin Valley, July 24, 1873.
No. 273, juv. Kangan, August 7, 1873.
No. 295. Gaganghir, August 9, 1873.
Nos. 459, 465. Kargil, August 19, 1873.
No. 476. Shargol, August 20, 1873.
Nos. 562, 576. Leh, August 28, 1873.
No. 669, juv. Leh, September 10, 1873.
As mentioned below, Dr. Henderson’s specimen from Khushtagh belongs to this sp ^
and therefore the one shot by Dr. Scully at the same place on the 8th of August jru *
have been an example of this Warbler.
152. Sylvia minuscula.
Sylvia curruca (nec Gm.) ; Scully, Str. P. iv. p. 150 (1876). .
Sylvia minuscula, Hume; Seebolim, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 20, pi. 1 (1881) ; C. Swinh- 1
p. 109; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 67; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 80 (1887) ; Oates, Faun- hi'1 ’
Birds, i. p. 398 (1889) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 71 (1889).
No. 969. Karghalik, November 6, 1873.
No. 1094. Yangihissar, December 1, 1873.
Nos. 1680, 1682. Ighiz Yar, May 18, 1874.
No. 1814. Karghalik, May 30, 1874.
Nos. 1840, 1843. Kugiar, June 1, 1874.
Nos. 1848-49. Kugiar, June 2, 1874.
... , butliaV
The specimens killed in winter differ little from those obtained in summer,
rather more brown on the head, which is scarcely different in colour from the back. jp
Dr. Stoliczka’s ‘Diary’ contains a note that this Warbler was common near Yang _ +be
On
the
December, and on the 18th of May lie found a nest in a rose-bush near Ighiz Yar. ^ ^eSb
31st of May he writes : — “ JBeshtereJc. This Warbler is very common and breeding- jg in ^
had one, and another three fresh eggs : one had two half-incubated eggs. The ncs i Ujariy
small bush about ten inches or a foot above the ground, composed entirely of grass, 1 L,.“
cup-shaped, round, about If inch deep and If in diameter. Outside it consists
rately coarse grass ; inside of finer grass with a little grass-seed film interwoven.’ ppd
An examination of the specimen procured by Dr. Scully at Posgam in 0° 0 0tlrcl
identified by him as Sylvia curruca, proves that it is really S. minuscula. Whether jjen'
specimens from Khushtagh and Sughuchaw were also of this species I cannot say- peibS
derson’s specimens in the Hume Collection are also mixed up, one from Oi-t°»r
S. minuscula, and another from Khushtagh being S. affinis. ^
Dr. Scully states that this Whitethroat arrives in the plains of Kashgharia abon
and migrates southwards towards the end of October. It breeds in May and June.
ih
AYES.
77
Genus PHYLLOSCOPUS.
■^3. Phylloscopus affinis.
Phylloscopus affinis (Tick.) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 65 (1881) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 66 ;
Scully, t. c. p. 449 ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 401 (1889).
No- 408. Mataian, August 15, 1873 —Length 4-5 inches, wing 2‘35, tail 1’7, tarsus 08 ;
expanse 08; lull from front 0-33, from gape 0-53. Iris brown; bill horny above,
yellow below; feet greenish horny brown.
555. Leh, August 28, 1873.
i. °' ^3. Tanksi, September 17, 1873.
0> 753. Lukung, September 19, 1873.
°- 780. Cliagra, 14,000 feet, September 21, 1873.
Phylloscopus tytleki. (Plate X.)
Phylloscopus tytleri, Brooks; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 66 (1881) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 66;
Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 402 (1889).
^°S- 309, 330. Sonamarg, August 10, 11, 1873 ( Colonel Biddulph).
°s. 381, 385. Baltal, August 12, 1873. , ,, f . .
Ko- 471. Shargol, August 20, 1873.— Bill horny blackish, angle of mouth yellow, fe
horny blackish, soles yellow. Length 4-85 inches, wing 2-3, taxi 2-0, tarsus 0 U.
Phylloscoptjs tristis.
Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 219 (1873); Blank East. Persia, n.
P- 180 (1876); Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 148 (1876); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 83 ; ^ardlaw Scully
lbib 1880, p. 59 ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 63 (1881) ; Bidd. Ibis, 188 i, p. 60 Scu y,
'bid. p. 448. C- Swinhoe, Ibis, 1882, p. 108; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p . , P-
(1889) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 403 (1889).
yllopneuste tristis, Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 84.
lcedula futvescens, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 65, 126 (1873).
°- 330. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873.
jt°‘ 385- Baltal, August 12, 1873.
°- 433. Tashgam, August 17, 1873.
°- 452. Chiliscambo, August 18, 1873.
0S- 455, 456. Kargil, August 19, 1873. . ^ n tjn-i
Nos- «0. 171. Shargol, August 20, 1873-Length *65-1-86 mches, wing 2 , M
j. l'9-2, tarsus 0'7-0'72. Bill and feet homy blackish ; soles and angle ot mouth yell .
K°S- 503, 507. Kbarbu, August 21, 22, 1873.
0s* 545, 546, Bek, August 27, 1873.
^0S- 553, 554, 557, 558, 568, 569, 570. Leb, August 28, 1873.
Leh, August 29, 1873.
Leh, September 6, 1873.
Ko Yangihiss&f, December 2, 1873.
No 1405. Ighiz Yar, March 21, 1874.
‘ 1655- Pasrobat, May 13, 1874.
78
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Dr. Henderson procured numerous specimens of this species, including a nestling) 111
Ladak in July. Dr. Scully says that it was very common in August along the Sanju strea^
and in the Karakash Valley at elevations of from 9000 to 14,000 feet. Colonel Biddulph a s
collected a number of specimens near Kargil and Leh.
156. Phylloscopus indicus.
Phylloscopus indicus (Jerd.) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 59; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 66; Scully) *■ c'
p. 449; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 404 (1889).
Ficedula obscura, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 65, 124 (1873).
Lusciniola indica, Seebokm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 126 (1881).
Phijllopneuste indica, Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 84.
Nos. 391, 420. Mataian, August 14, 15, 1873.
No. 451. Chiliscamho, August 18, 1873.
No. 504. Kharbu, August 22, 1873.
Nos. 611, 615, 627, 637, 643. Leh, September 4-6, 1873.
Nos. 1654, 1657. Pasrobat, May 13, 1874.
No. 1665. Cheliil Gumbar, May 14, 1874.
No. 1862. Duba, June 6, 1874.
The young bird is more rufous than the adult, and the yellow is much more vivid l,c^°
A young bird in autumn plumage was procured on the 19tli of September. , y
Dr. Stoliczka states that this species was not common near Pasrobat on the 13th ot -
and from Chehil Gumbar lie writes : — “ P. indicus prefers feeding about rocks instead 0
bushes, as Jerdon observes. It has a peculiar short shrill call.” Again, from f)Ll|)a, .
observes : — “ The call of P. indicus , which is common all along, is a deep whistling c .g
chip,’ three or four times repeated. At first the call resembles that of a Kestrel, an
almost as loud.” j
Colonel Biddulph writes : — “We got a specimen at Leh in September ; we then
it common in the valleys of Kizilyart Mountains, at elevations of from 9000-10,000 fee;)’
May, on our return from the Pamir. We got it again at Alc-Musjid (5000 feet) in June-
157. Phylloscopus fuscatus.
Phylloscopus fuscatus (Blytb) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 405 (1889).
Phyllopneuste fuscala, Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 171 (1877).
Lusciniola f us cat a, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 127 (1881).
No. 816. Shahidula, October 19, 1873.
No. 830. Nubra Valley, October 1873 {Dr. Bellew).
158. Phylloscopus humii.
Reguloides viridipennis (nec Blytb); Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 149 (1876).
Phylloscopus humii (Brooks) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 67, pi. iv. fig. 1 (1881) ; Oat• 419).
BhyllosCOPUS proregulus.
hyHoscopus proregulus (Pall.); Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 71 (1881); Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind.,
birds, i. p. 408 (1889).
e!Juloides proregulus, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 220 (1873) ; Prjev. in Rowley's Orn. Misc.
u- P- 172 (1877)
334.
N ‘ “o4i' Sonamarg, August 11, 1873.
°‘ 35d. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873. — Length 4 inches, wing 2-2, tail T6, tarsus 1-65.
Iris brown ; bill horny brown ; feet very pale horny, soles yellowish.
Octoi^1' Undersoil obtained a single specimen in the Sind Valley in Kashmir on the 30th of
er- Colonel Biddulph shot one at Sonamarg on the 15th of July.
160. ptrv
LLOSCOPUS SUPERCILIOSUS.
PhyltoscopUS superciliosus (Cm.) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 68 (1881) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind.,
Her / -rdSj 1 P‘ 409 (1889)-
suPercdiosus, Prjev. in Rowley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 172 (1877).
./ opneuste superciliosa, Ilomeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 84.
No ^
K0 I ./ Gaganghir, August 9, 1873.
No Sondmarg, August 10, 1873.
22- Sonamarg, August 11, 1873. — Length 4'5 inches, wing 2 3, tail T7, tarsus 0‘70 ;
expanse 7, bill from front O' 25, from gape 0'47- Iris brown ; bill horny brown ; feet
No Cni8h> ^ars* dai'k greenish horny, soles greenish white.
No’ son ?alta1’ Au§ust 12> 1873'
No. 7^' 8nurla’ August 24, 1873.
No g2f ’ d’anksi, September 17, 1873.
No of?’ Sliahidula, October 19, 1873.
' Gidjik, October 24, 1873.
80
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Colonel Biddulpli states that he procured this species at Panjah in Wakhan in April)
Aktala in May, and at Duba on the 6th of June. June,
Dr. Stoliczka found the species very common in the Duba Yalley on the 6th o
hut it was then only pairing, and he supposed it would not lay before the end of June.
Genus ACANTHOPNEUSTE.
161. Acanthopneuste viridana.
Acanthopneuste viridanus (Blyth) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 414 (1889). p. iv.
Phylloscupus viridanus, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 220, pi. xix. (1873) ; Scul V, ,^ggl) ;
p. 148 (1876) ; Ward law Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 59; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p-
Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 66; Scully, ibid. p. 448; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 67.
Phyllopneuste viridana, Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 84.
No. 862. Sonamarg, August 8, 1873.
No. 380. Baltal, August 12, 1878.
No. 457- Kargil, August 19, 1873.
No. 628. Leh, September 4, 1873.
No. 861. Gidjik, N. of Sanju Pass, October 24, 1873. ^
This species, according to Dr. Henderson, was common in Hill Yarkand, at the
River, in August. Dr. Scully says that he observed it among the tamarisk ant
bushes fringing the Sanju stream, and along the hanks of the Karakash River.
162. Acanthopneuste occipitalis.
Acanthopneuste occipitalis (Jerd.) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 418 (1889).
Phylloscopus occipitalis, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 50 (1881).
Reguloules occipitalis, Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 66 ; Scully, t. c. p. 449.
No. 35. Murree, June 25, 1873.
Nos. 48, 49. Murree, June 26, 1873.
No. 87. Cliangligally, July 3, 1873. q-35;
No. 281, ? . Gond, August 8, 1873.— Length 4-8 inches, wing 2-6, tail V% tax ^
hill from front 0'35, from gape 0 56. Iris dark hrown ; hill hrown, yellotv o
mandible ; feet leaden grey.
Nos. 290, 297. Gaganghir, August 9, 1873.
No. 311. Sonamarg, August 10, 1873.
No. 363. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873.
No. 387. Baltal, August 12, 1873. yalley
Colonel Biddulph notes this species from Sonamarg in July, and in the Jhelum
in August.
G enus CRYPTOLOPH A.
163. Cryptolopha xanthoschista.
Ahrornis xanthoschistus (Hodgs.); Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 220, pi. 20. fig- 1 pjjt. 1^'’
Cryptolopha xanthoschista, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 398 (1879, pt.) ; Oates, F :U1
Birds, i. p. 425 (1889). Qol°^
Eound hy Dr. Henderson to he very common in Kashmir in May and October.
Biddulph obtained a specimen at Baramula in July.
AYES.
81
Horornis
Genus HORORNIS.
PALLIDTJS.
w°rnis pallidus (Brooks) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 436 (1889).
e tia fortipes (Hodgs.) ; Seebolim, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 136 (1881, pt.).
^°‘ 155- Urumbu, July 21, 1873 ( Colonel Biddulph).
°S' 288, 291, 296. Gagangliir, August 9, 1873.
to n U ^ 'S £ Dr. Stoliczka notes that he found this species plentiful at Gond, hut difficult
tre(>s°CUle ’ s^10^ several specimens at Gagangliir; he says that it “sits near the tops of
Shi ^ 1U the morning” He adds : — “ No H. pallidus is seen from a little above Gagan-
165.
Genus CETTIA.
Cettia
Cetti
ORIENTALIS. (Plate XI.)
c . orientalis, Tristr. Ibis, 1867, p. 79.
tila ^biventris, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 66, 131 (1873).
Cetti,
1(1 scaIenura, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 66, 131 (1873).
QdyptBtes cetti (nee Marm.) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 200 (187
Celt
Cett,
6).
la ceMi (nee Marm.) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 135 (1881) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 108;
Scu% J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 81 (1887).
1(1 orientalis, Tristr.; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 441 (1889).
°- -US. Yarkand, November 11, 1873. — Length 63 inches, wing 2‘75, tail 2-8, tarsus 09 ;
expanse 8-15 ; bill from front O’ 44, from gape 066. Iris brown ; bill horny brown,
No -|?" er inau(Nble fleshy brown ; feet whitish fleshy.
• i088. Yarkand, November 28, 1873.
a pale * ®ee^°Nm has united this species to the Cettia cetti of Europe, but it is undoubtedly
it diSf r'lC°5 ^lough probably only subspecifically separable. I follow Mr. Oates in keeping
nct Horn the true C. cetti.
166.
Genus SUVA.
Suya
Suya criNigErA.
1 Lrinigera, Hodgs.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 177 (1883) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds,
P-444 (1889).
of0\°nel ^^Nffilph obtained this species at Dliunna, three marches east of Murree, on the
gu.st, and again at Chikar on the 7th of the same month.
1ps Genus RHOPOPHILUS.
467. jk
POPHILUS ALBOSURERCILIARIS.
*uya qjj
osuperciliaris, Hume; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 218, pi. xviii. (1873) ; Scully, Str. F.
1V‘ P- 147 (1876).
M
82
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
No. 940, d ad. Murree, July 2, 1873.
°s. 98-101, s 2 ad. etjuv. Changligally, July 6, 1873.
201, juv. Srinagar, July 29, 1873.
_°s- 272, 274, d ad. Kangan, August 7, 1873.
280, juv. Gond, August 8, 1873.
°- 377, c J ad. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873.
0s- 1492, 1494, ^ 5 ad. Panjah, April 14-23, 1873.
°‘ ^75, a ad. Igliiz Yar, May 18, 1874.
Stor (A°nel Biddulph procured a pair at Panjah on the 21st of April. On the 17th, Dr.
of ! lg73.
os ip-. V‘-l' Shargol, August 20, 1873.
1679, 1686, 1690 [ ad.]. South-west of Ig’hiz Yar, May 18, 1874.
°* 1679 still bears abundant traces of the brown tips to the dorsal feathers,
31 2
84
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
lias
which are characteristic of winter plumage. On this specimen Dr. Severtzon
written : — “ Saxicola talas, Scv. = ? S. morio, 2nd nest, 1st year,” meaning that
backward plumage is due to its haying been a late-bred bird of the previous year-
Dr. Stoliczka says in his ‘Diary’ that this Chat was very common at Ighiz Yar on the ^
of May. Colonel Biddulpb procured a male at Kila Panj on the 12tli of April, 1^74,
be noticed the species in the Karakash Yalley. Dr. Henderson found it on the ^
River near Sanju, and at Khushtagh, twenty miles further north. Dr. Scully wr^Gf 011t,
“ This species was found in September in the plains of Kashgharia, at an elevation of
6100 feet. It was met with on the desert oases of Sulikaziz Langar and Khushtagh, rU111 ^
about in suitable fields, where it was tolerably numerous. The Yarkandis, who hno^^.
bird well, say that it breeds in the country, and disappears entirely in the winter. rl^ie
name is ‘ Kara Cliiket,’ ‘ Black Wheatear.’ ”
172. Saxicola cenaxthe.
333
plant
Saxicola oenanthe (L.) ■ Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p- j^gl,
East. Persia, ii. p. 146 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 183 (1877) ; Bidd. jpf,
p. 60; Scully, t. c. p. 444; Seebolim, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 391 (1881); Homeyer &
orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 85 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 37 (1885) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn- b°
Zool. v. p. 75 (1889).
Nos. 1455, 1456 [d S], Pamir Kul, April 5, 1874. ^ slls
No. 1475 [ 6 ]. Panjah, April 16, 1874. — Length 6*5 inches, wing 3*82, tail 2 2,
1T5. Iris brown ; hill and feet black.
Nos. 1487 [ $ ], 1488, 1489 [$]. Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
No. 1496 [ $ ]. Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
Nos. 1506, 1512 [ y and the ])lains of Yarkand. A nestling was obtained on the 5th of August at Balakchi,
11 tbe Karakash, showing that the bird breeds in this neighbourhood.
tb‘. Scully states that “ this species was common in the plains of Kashgharia at elevations
1500 feet and upwards, and in some portions of the hills up to an elevation ot 12,o00 feet.
never observed during the winter. In the plains it was found in the desert ground
tw een §aT1j u anq Karghalik, hopping among the little sand-banks, and it was common
I T^ een Shahid ula and Gulgun Shah in the Karakash Valley. It probably breeds in the
mentioned during the months of June and July. The Turki name for this species
Kla Chikit,” the “ Variegated TVheatear.”
Stoliczka says that it breeds in the Duba Valley.
' I' ^^XICOLA MONTANA.
Saxicola deserti, pt. (nec Cretzschm.) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 148 (1876).
‘ "xicola montana, Gould; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 384 (1881) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 38
(1885) ; St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 164; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 78 (1890).
Y°s- ^98, 511 [d ? moulting]. Kharbu, August 21, 1873.
°. oil [d moulting], Snimu, August 26, 1873.
£°- 5K> [ d moulting]. Leh, August 27, 1873.
°- 688 [ d ]. Zingral, South of Chang-la, 15,000 feet, September 14, 1873.— Total length
6-65 inches, wing 4'0, tail 2'9, tarsus 1'0. Iris blackish brown; bill and feet black.
Y°- 6°3 [ d ]. Tsultak, north of Chang-la, 15,500 feet, September 15, 1873.
0s- 1490, 1505, 1522 [ d ad.]. Panjah, April 14, 1874.
°* 14^6 [ d ]. Panjah, April 16, 1874.— Length 6'85 inches, wing 4'0, tail 2’7, tarsus 1*04.
_ Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.
°- 1081 [ 5 ]. South-west of Ighiz Yar, May 18, 1874.
t°- 1819 [ $ ]. Karghalik, May 30, 1874.
°‘ ^^12 [ d ]. Kugiar, June 1, 1874.
in \I)r' 8toliczka remarks that this species (which he at first mistook for S. deserti ) had young
' Usust when he was at Kharbu. At Tsultak he says it was “ very common, and evidently
86
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
migrating down.” At Ak Masjid it was breeding, but he could not get the eggs. Colonel
Eiddulph says that it was met with everywhere in spring, summer, and autumn beyond the
Zoji-la, but was not seen during the winter in the plains of Turkestan.
176. Saxicola chrysopygia.
Saxicola chrysopygia (De Fil.) j Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 151, pi. 10. fig. 1 (1876) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brlt'
Mus. v. p. 389 (1881) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 79 (1890).
Saxicola kingi, Hume, Ibis, 1871, p. 29.
7*0
No. 1458. Panjah, April 13, 1874. — Bill black ; feet black ; iris brown. Total length i
inches, wing 3*82, tail 2'6, tarsus 1*06.
No. 1500. Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
Subfamily R UTICILLINJE.
Genus HENICURUS.
177. Henicurus maculatus.
Henicurus maculatus (Yig.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 222 (1873) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. BJlt-
Mus. vii. p. 317 (1883) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 83 (1890).
No. 60, juv. Murree, June 29, 1873.
Dr. Henderson met with this species at Punch on the road down from Kashmir to
Lahore.
Genus CH2EMORRHORNIS.
178. Ch^morrhornis leucocephala.
Chtsmorrhornis leucocephala (Yig.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 214 (1873) ; Prjev. in B°wle} S
Orn. Misc. ii. p. 178 (1877). ■■
Chimarrhornis leucocephala , Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p.47 (1883) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., 3^s> 1
p. 89 (1890).
No. 312, juv. Sonamarg, August 10, 1873.
No. 342, adult. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873.
Procured by Dr. Henderson in the neighbourhood of Punch. Colonel Biddulph inform^
us that it was very common in the Sind Yalley in July and in Ladak between Karg'd an
the Zoji-la.
Genus RUTICILLA.
179. Ruticilla frontalis.
6$ t
Ruticilla frontalis (Vig.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 211 (1873) • Bidd. Ibis, 1881, P' g’
Scully, t. c. p. 446 ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 349 (1881) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind-, Jjtl ’
ii. p. 91 (1890).
Dr. Henderson found this species very common in Kashmir, but only on the lC^1 *
journey.
180. Ruticilla erythronota.
Ruticilla erythronota (Eversm.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn.
Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 167 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis,
p. 65 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, l87^ J’0hjn,
1881, p. 62 ; Scully, t. c. p. 445 ; bee
AYES.
87
Cat. B. Brit. Mus.v. p. 348 (1881) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 107 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn.
Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 85 ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 82 (1890) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii.
P- 84 (1890).
?J°- 849> 6 . North of Shaliidula, October 21, 1873.
E°- 886> d • Sanju, October 27, 1873.
1 °- 918, $ . Sanju, November 1, 1873. — Length 6-6 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2'7, tarsus 0'93.
Iris brown ; bill and feet black.
‘ 0s- 1102, 1110, 1113, 1114, 6 . Yangihissar, December 1, 2, 1873.
-j.T°S‘ 1232, 1251, 6 . Maralbashi, January 1874.
0s- 1290, 1298, 1346, ad. Kashghar, Eebruary 2-12, 1874.
* ^377, 6 . Jigda, Eebruary 26, 1874.
^t°- 1425. Tarbasbi, March 27, 1874.
°- 1452. Kanshubar, April 2, 1874.
hid ' |('°loncl Biddulph writes “I saw this species first in the Ivarakash Yalley below Sha-
shot a ’ a§aiu in sma11 numI>ers all over the plains of Turkestan during the winter. I also
t one going up to Sarikol, but I do not remember ever seeing it in Waklian or in Yarkand
aUrin8 the summer.”
HUXICILLA RUITVENTRIS.
Sicilia erythroprocta (nec Gould) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore
to Yark. p. 208 (1873).
P 1 !! Seniirufa (nec Elir.) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 77.
" icilla rufiventris, V. ; Blauf. East. Persia, ii. p. 163 (1876) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 144 (1876) ; Wardlaw
hatnsay. Ibis, 1880, p. 57 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 61 ; Scully, t. c. p. 445 ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
V- P- 842 (1881) j C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 107; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 68; Zarudin Ois. Transcasp.
P- 37 (1885) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 82 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 73
(1889) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 95 (1890).
^qS 3^8, d juv. Mataian, August 14, 1873.
3^’ d ad. Mataian, August 15,1873. — Length 6‘0 inches, wing 3'5, tail 2-35, tarsus
5 bill from front 0V45, from gape 0‘7. Iris brown; bill black; feet horny black.
*oS-:!7> H8> ? juv. Mataian, August 15, 1873.
N0 t-J1’ ^ • Hras, August 16, 1873.
No’ ^UV‘ Srmrla> August 24, 1873.
d ad. Saspul, on the Indus, Ladak, August 25, 1873.
N,
0S- 577, 608,
v°S- 636, 647,
r- 815, 913,
Ao- 1473, ;
tars
Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 177 (1877) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 63 ; Scully, ibid. p. 445; Sever - ^
1883, p. 68 ; Seebolmi, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 347 (1881) ; Ilomeyer & Tancre, MT. ol11’
Wien, 1883, p. 85 ; Menzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 356 ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 487 (1887).
Ruticilla erythrogaster, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 97 (1890). ^ .
No. 584, juv. Leh, August 30, 1873. — Length 7-3 inches, wing 4T5, tail 31, tafsl;s ;
expanse 12-25 ; bill from front 045, from gape 0-8 ; length of foot 1'4. Ir^s 10
bill black ; feet black.
No. 694, d juv. Tsultak, September 15, 1873.
Nos. 707, 710, d . Tanlcsi, September 16, 1873.
Nos. 742. Tanksi, September 18, 1873.
Nos. 761, 762. Lukuug, on the Pangong Lake, September 20, 1873.
Nos. 831, 850, 851, d $ . Shahidula, October 21, 1873.
Nos. 1357, 1358, d . Altin Artish, February 16, 1874.
No. 1378, 2 . Eaizabad, March 2, 1874.
No. 1409, 2 . Aktala, March 22, 1874.
No. 1441, d . Tashkurghan, March 30, 1874.
No. 1497, d . Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
No. 1601, 2 . Sarikol, May 9, 1874.—“ Eggs very small yet.”
No. 1662, d . Pasrobat, May 13, 1874.
No. 1747, 6 . Yarkand, May 15-20, 1874. _ ^
The differences in the colour between the summer and the winter plumages 1
noticeable in a series of specimens like the above, the red tint being in the surninel
specimens much paler, while in the winter-killed individuals the breast, lower bac v» ^ fye
and tail are deep vinous chestnut. The black of the back becomes more intense,
head purer white in summer. ^ yGth
Dr. Stoliczka’s ‘Diary’ informs us that this Redstart was common near Tanksi on agg,in
of September, and again near Aktala on the 22nd of March. On the 15th of April e oyjts
notes the species as very common near Panjah, but at that date there was no evn ^ 0$
nesting. Colonel Biddulph records it from several places — Muglib in Ladak, 13,4
AYES.
89
the 16th of September, Karakash Yalley on the 15th of October, Kirog V alley on the way
UP to the Pamir on the 24th of March, and Aktash on the 4tlx of April.
Dr. Henderson writes: — “This handsome Redstart was met with all through Ladak,
°th in going and returning, and was especially abundant on the return journey in October,
t Was found as high as 17,800 feet on the snow in the Chang Pass, and again on the other
°f the plateau it was observed in Yarkand, from about 15,000 feet to the foot of the
but not in the plains.”
Dr. Scully gives the following note “ This Redstart was very common during the
youths of August and September in the mountains, at elevations of from 10,000 to 18,000
e(A but was never met with in the plains of Eastern Turkestan. It frequents the neigh-
bourhood of streams generally, hopping about on the stones and amongst the small bushes.
. e Kirghis at Kichik Yailak say that this bird breeds during the months of June and July,
u the high mountains near their encampment, and their name for it is Ivizil Kurgenak,
e ■ ‘ Red Kestrel ’ ! ”
Colonel Biddulph has forwarded the following note : — “ I first lound this Redstart at
and all the way to the Pangong Lake, up to an altitude of 14,000 feet, in September,
terwards I met with it in the valley of the Karakash, and again on going up to the Pamir,
in Wakhdn, but not in the plains of Turkestan. We found them generally in rocky
kiound, more or less covered with bushes, on which they often perched. I did not obseive
lat they had any predilection for water.”
Genus RHYACORNIS.
RhYACOUNIS fuliginosa.
Ruticilla fuliginosa (Vig.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 212, pi. xv. (1873) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s
Orn. Misc. ii. p. 177 (1877).
Rhyacornis fuliginosa, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 98 (1890).
1 Dr. Henderson procured this species at Punch, below the Haji Pir Pass, on the way
from Kashmir
Genus CYANECULA.
Cyanecula clerulecula.
fasciola suecica, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873).
yunecula suecica (necL.); Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 214 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 18/5, p. 341,
Blanf. Fast. Persia, ii. p. 169 (1876) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 145 (18/6) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880,
p. 58; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 65; Scully, t. c. p. 447 ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 108; Severtz. Ibis,
1883, p. 68 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 84 ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 82
(1887) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 99 (1889).
^ythacus ccerulecuhis (Pall.) ; Seebolim, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 308 (1881) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc.
(2) Zool. v. p. 73 (1889).
yanecula ccerulecula, Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 180 (18/ 7) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 37
(1885).
^°- 489, . Kharbu, Ladak, August 21, 1873.— Length 6 inches, wing 2- 9, tail 2' 25,
tarsus 1-1 ; expanse 9; bill from front 0'4, from gape 0'7 ; length of loot P45. Bill
black ; feet horny black.
°. 495. Kharbu, August 21, 1873.
90
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Nos. 572, 573. Leh, August 29, 1873.
No. 602. Leh, August 31, 1873.
No. 762. Leh, September 10, 1873.
No. 938. Sanju, October 31, 1873.
No. 1472. Panjali, April 16, 1874. — Length 5' 8 inches, wing 2'75, tarsus 1*16; exp8*1®6
8'7 ; hill from front 0'4, from gape O' 7 ; length of foot 1'4, spread of foot 1.
brown ; bill horny black ; feet dark brown, tarsi a little paler, soles yellow ; middle t°e
0'73, hind toe 0'58 ; wings reach within 1'3 of end of tail.
Nos. 1805, 1811, 1812. Karghalik, May 29, 1874.
No. 1838. N. of Kugiar, -Tune 1, 1874.
Dr. Stoliczka states in his c Diary ’ that this species was very common along the road lie£b
Karghalik on the 29th of May, and he saw a pair carrying grass for their nest. hJoloi1^
Biddulph says that it was seen in great numbers in September, from Leh to the Pang011^
Lake, and on the return journey it was plentiful in June and July in the Indus ^ 81 .
Nubra valleys. Dr. Henderson obtained it on the “ Khush Maidan or Happy Plain (s_^
called on the Incus a non lucendo principle, it being one of the most miserable deserts
creation) at an elevation of 16,000 feet ; at Shahidula at about 11,000 feet ; and at
about 6000 feet, where, by the way, one quite young bird was obtained, proving tlmt ^
species breeds in Yarkand. Dr. Scully observes : — “ This species is a seasonal visita^
to the plains of Eastern Turkestan, arriving about the end of March, and leaving ^
September.” He gives an interesting note on the habits and breeding of the species 110
Yarkand in May. TheTurki name for the Bluethroat is “ Chaghchi,” an appellation
it because it is said to make a sound resembling the noise of the spinning-wheels used bv
women of Yarkand.
185. Cyanecula wolfi.
Lusciola suecica, (3. orientalis, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873).
Cyanecula wolfi , Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 342 ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 100 (1890).
Cycmecula leucocyanea, Brehm ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 65 ; Scully, t. c. p. 447; Bidd. Ibis, 1883, p- 37
Erithacus cyaneculus (Wolf) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 311 (1881).
No. 473. Shargol, August 20, 1873.
Colonel Biddulph sends a note : — “ On our return journey we found numbers 111 g
Nobra valley in June, where they were more plentiful than C. ecerulecula, which '
also present. In the Indus valley both species were noticed, but C. ecerulecula was the
numerous.”
Genus CALLIOPE.
186. Calliope pectoralis.
Calliope bailloni, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 65, 122 (1873) ; id. Str. F. iii. p. 429 (1875). ^ ■
Calliope pectoralis, Gould; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 78; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 64; Scully, t. c. P-
Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 67 ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 103 (1890).
Erythacus pectoralis (Gould) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 306 (1881).
AYES.
91
394, $ . Mataian, August 14, 1873.
No- 413, «j . Mataian, August 15, 1873.— Length 6*3 inches, wing 2'9, tail 2*45, tarsus
1'15 ; expanse 9 ; hill from front 0-5, from gape 0'78. Iris brown ; bill blaclv ; feet
black, tarsi paler.
N°s. 416, 419, juv. Mataian, August 15, 1873.
Hr. Stoliczka mentions finding this species with fully fledged young near Mataian.
°l°nel Biddulph saw it in Ladak, just below the Zoji-la.
Genus IANTHIA.
• Ianthia RUFILATA.
Tarsiger rufilatus (Hodgs.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 256 (1879) ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 446.
Nemura cyanura (nee Pall.) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 64.
Qnthia rufilata, Oates, Paun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 106 (1890) .
324. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873. — Bill black ; feet brownish black , iris brown.
Length 5'5 inches, wing 3‘05, tail 2'3, tarsus 0'94.
*N°- 325, * . Sonamarg, August 11, 1873.— Bill blackish horny; feet dark horny brown ;
iris dark brown. Length 5'75 inches, wing 3’2, tail 2’4o, tarsus 10.
188.
KDELHRA
CHIRHLEOCEPHALA.
Genus ADELURA.
Ruticilla cceruleocephala (Vig.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yarlc. p. 211, pi. xiv. (1873) ; Seebohm,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 353 (1881).
Madura cceruleocephala, Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 58 ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 108
(1890).
f • Henderson met with this species in the Sind Valley and at Punch, on the n ay down
rom Kashmir.
189.
Copsyches
saelaris.
Genus COPSYCHUS.
C°psychus saularis (L.) j Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 202 (1873) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
rii. p. 61 (1883) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. pp. 116 (1890).
°* l45- Oori, July 23, 1873.
K young specimen in spotted plumage.
Ka i 1 Henderson only observed this bird in the low hills through which the road to
asc-rf r fr0m the l>unjab first passes on leaving the plains. This species seems never to
11 He hills to any great height.
Subfamily TURDINsE.
190.
Mer
ferula
HLA maxima.
Genus M E R U L A.
* maxima, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus
^enzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 357 ; Oates, Faun.
v. p. 405 (1881) ; C. Swinhoe, Ibis,
Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 123 (1890).
1882, p. 105;
N 2
92
SECOND YABKAND MISSION.
Karlia.
Merula vulgaris , Ray; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 139 (1876) ; id. J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 81 (1887).
Merida merula (L.) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. part 3, p. 72 (1889). ^
No. 916, $ . Sanju, November 1, 1873. — Wings reach within 3 inches of end of &
Total length ITS inches, wing 5‘4, tail 5'0, tarsus 1'25 ; expanse 17'0 ; bill from r01
0’85, from gape 1*32. Iris brown ; bill homy black ; feet horny black.
Nos. 954, 955. Bora, November 4, 1873. — [Wing 5-3 inches.] Native name
Shachshak.”
No. 1044. Yarkand, November 23, 1873.
Nos. 1100, 1101, 1120. Yangihissar, December 1, 1873— [Wing 5-3-5-4 inches.]
No. 1214, 6. Kashghar, January 20, 1874.— Length 116 inches, wing 5'3; bill
front 0‘9, from gape 13. Iris dark brown ; bill yellow, streaked vvith black a
the base ; feet black ; eyelid yellow. . ^
The length of wing agrees with the larger dimensions given by Seebohm 0lg,gg
large Central Asian race of the Blackbird, but does not quite come up to the
given by him.
shghar, January 10, 1874. — Length 1T5 incite.,, ^
1*4. Iris dark brown ; upper mandible black, the lower one dark brown ; feet blac
No. 1215, ?
Kashghar, January 10, 1874. — Length 1T5 inches, wing 52, tail 4’8, ta^
brown ; margin of soles pale yellow. ,
Dr. Stoliczka’s ‘ Diary ’ notes that this Blackbird was common near Bora and Vac-'
Dr. Scully obtained a pair near Yarkand in February, and says that it was common? (
the winter, near Kashghar and Yarkand. It seemed to keep principally among ju
trees and thorn -bushes in the vicinity of unfrozen bits of water. It migrated north wm ^
spring, repairing to the hills and the country about Maralbashi. It was said t°
principally on berries, &c., and its Turki name is “ Main a.”
191. Merula castanea. .
Merula castanea, Gould; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 259 (1881) ; Oates, Faun. Brit, ti •>
ii. p. 128 (1890).
Nos. 91, 93. Dungagally, Murree, July 4, 1873.
No. 343. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873.
192. Merula boulboul.
Merula boulboul (Lath.) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 248 (1881) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. I'1
ii. p. 130 (1890).
No. 12, 6 . Murree, June 23, 1873.
No. 40, d . Murree, June 25, 1873.
No. 63, 2 . Murree, June 30, 1873.
No. 108, Hr. Henderson met with this species in October from Chagra (15,000 feet) above the
angong Lake, throughout Ladak and Kashmir, and by November it was widely spread over
plains of the Punjab.
a Hr. Scully writes : — “ This species was first met with at Sulaghz Langar in September,
(|. . Was a common bird in tl>e plains, in the neighbourhood of Kashghar, Yarkand, &c.,
ta'' lnS the winter. It was usually seen about trees lining water-courses or growing near
t0v S‘ ^le bird disappeared entirely in spring, migrating in a north-easterly direction,
eh VafJ'ds Ibe hills and the Jot district, it is said, where it was reported to breed. It feeds
dat^ f °n -Eteugnus- berries called ‘ jigda ’ in Turki, and commonly known as Trebizond
es ’ hence its name ‘ Jigda chuk,’ i. e. ‘ Jigda-eater.’ ”
MerpLa xfnicolor.
ferula unicolor (Tick.) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 271 (1881) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds,
d. p. 132 (1890).
e°cichla unicolor (Tick.) ; Hume & Headers. Lahore to Yark. p. 192 (1873).
. *°s. 194, 218, 219, 222, 225, 226. Srinagar, July 28-31, 1873. — Native name “ Kastur.”
oti tlCo]onel Biddulph also obtained this Ouzel near Srinagar in July, and again at Baramula
VVfls 10 bst of August, but did not observe it out of Kashmir. Dr. Henderson states that it
1 s Vei>y common in the latter country, but Avas not seen beyond the Zoji-la.
94
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
195. Merula obscura.
Merula obscura (Gm.) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 273 (1881) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Incl., Birds,
p. 134 (1890). . in
Turdus pattens, Pall.; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 334 ; PrjeV'
Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 198 (1877).
No. 903. Sanju, October 28, 1873.
Genus TURDUS.
196. Turdus yiscivorus.
Turdus viscivorus, Linn. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p- 334 > ^
East. Persia, ii. p. 157 (1876) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 54; Seebohm, Cat. B. BiB- ' g,
v. p. 194 (1881) ; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 53; Scully, t. c. p. 439; C. Swinhoe, Ibis, 1883, P-
Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 86; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 488 (1887) ; Oates,
Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 148 (1890) .
No. 388. Baltal, August 12, 1873.
Genus PETROPHILA,
197. Petrophula erythrogaster.
Petrophila erythrogaster (Vig.) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 143 (1890).
Monticola erythrogaster (Vig.); Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 325 (1881)..
No. 94, d . Dungagally, near Murree, July 4, 1873.
53.
198. Petrophila cinclorhyncha.
Monticola cinclorhyncha (Vig.) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 320 (1881) ; Scully,
p. 438.
Orececetes cindorhynchus (Vig.) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 54; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, P-
Petrophila cinclorhyncha (Vig.) ; Oates, Faun, Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 144 (1890).
Nos. 3, 4, ? ad. Murree, June 20, 1873.
Nos. 38, 53, 6 ad. Murree, June 26, 1873.
No. 152, d juv. Urumbu, July 24, 1873. ^
1881.
2-8,
bill
No. 353, d ad. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873. — Length 7'6 inches, wing 4‘2,
tarsus 0*9; expanse 12‘6; bill from front 0-77, from gape 1-1. Iris brown,
horny black ; feet pale horny.
Nos. 357, 358, d juy. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873.
1 Ip &S
The young males, even in their first or spotted plumage, are easily recognizable,
show the white wing-spot very plainly. ^ Oot
Colonel Biddulph procured a specimen near Sonamarg on the 17th of July, bu1 c
see the species anywhere else.
199. Petrophila cyana.
Petrocossyphus cyanus (L.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 190 (1873) ; Dresser,
p. 335 ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 54; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 53.
Ibis,
1875.
AYES.
95
Pdrocinda cyane, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873).
Monticola cyanea, Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 155 (1876) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 39 (1885).
°nticola cyanus, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 316 (1881) ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 438; C. Swinh.
I5is, 1882, p. 105; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 68; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 82 (1887); Sharpe,
Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 73 (1889).
drophila cyanus, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 146 (1890).
N°- 425, juy. Dras, August 16, 1873.
A young bird in nearly complete blue plumage, moulting from the spotted or nestling
plumage.
A0- 426, 2 . Drds, August 16, 1873.
_°- 512. Kharbu, August 22, 1873.
0S- 548, 565. Leb, August 28, 1873.
t' °^°uel Biddulph says that he only saw this Bock-Thrush in the Indus Valley and a little
in T °Ut ^ Dras. Dr. Henderson writes : — “ The Blue Bock-Thrush was only met with
seeua ar)4 there only on the upward journey in June and July. Solitary individuals were
1 throughout Ladak west of Leh, at Shargol and other places, near streams &c.”
2 Genus MONT ICO LA.
Monticola SAXATILIS.
drocinda saxatilis (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873) ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver.
Wien, 1883, p. 87; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 39 (1885); Raddc, Ornis, iii. p.487 (1887).
0 dicola saxatilis, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 190 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 335;
blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 156 (1876) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 139 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley's Orn.
ii. p. 201 (1877) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 53 ; Scully, ibid. p. 439; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 68;
Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 73 (1889) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 147 (1890).
°’ Leh, September 6, 1873. — Length 8 inches, wing 4'68, tail 2’35, tarsus 1T5 ; bill
Loni front 07, from gape IT. Iris dark brown ; bill horny black, lower mandible paler ;
feet black.
i^o 'Apparently adult female in winter plumage.
SAY. 0f ig}jjz Yar, May 18, 1874.
4-U adult male in full plumage.
°bta^- ^oliczka states that this Bock-Thrush was rare near Ighiz Yar. Dr. Henderson
a y°ung male, a bird of the year, at Shahidfila, in Hill Yarkand, on the 21st of
end f )6r’ Scully gives the following note : — “ This species was first noticed about the
kaJk September at some of the small oases in the desert-ground between Sanju and
ab0llt • l ;’ an elevation of about 6000 feet. The birds were tolerably numerous, hopping
year -u eu^ivated fields. After that these birds were never observed until the following
feet ’ rj^°n theY were met with on the banks of the Karakash at an elevation of about 12,000
k°Urin l0'V *'lx'quented grassy ground, and when alarmed flew up and perched on the neigh-
§ rocks.”
96
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Eamily CINCLIDyE.
Genus CINCLUS.
201. CiNCLUS KASHMIRIENSIS.
Hydrobata cashmeriensis (Gould) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 189 (1873) ; Prjev. in
Orn. Misc. ii. p. 201 (1877) ; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 52.
Cinclus aquations, var. cashmeriensis, Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 212 (1876).
Cinclus cashmeriensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 312 (1881) ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p- 438.
Cinclus kashmiriensis, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 162 (1890).
No. 713. Tanksi, September 16, 1873.
No. 699. Tsultak, north of Chang-la, September 15, 1873.
ad
the roi
Dr. Stoliczka says that he noticed this species at Zingral, about 15,500 feet, on 1 ^ oD
to the Chang-la. Colonel Biddulph also obtained specimens in streams under
both sides of the same pass. Dr. Henderson writes : — “ Several specimens of this
breasted Dipper were procured and numbers seen, not in Kashmir, but in Eastern Laddk, 111 ^
stream which runs from Chagra into the Pangong Lake. It appears to be a pernn111.^
resident here, as it was noticed and shot in this locality both on going and coming. ^ ne Qll
obtained on the 14th of July could not long have left the nest, and old birds were
this stream on the 8th of October, at an elevation of 15,000 feet, when, except quite
centre, it was a mass of solid ice.”
Dr. Lansdell met with this species at Tischkun on the 1st of November, 1888.
202. Cinclus asiaticus.
rff. . SCud.L
Cinclus asiaticus, Swains.; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 66 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. l/0\ g3
Ibis, 1881, p. 437 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 314 (1881) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng- ^v1'
turn
(1887) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 163 (1890).
Hydrobata asiatica, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 188 (1873) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p-
No. 1663. Tarbashi, May 12, 1874.
Dr. Henderson says : — “ The Indian Dipper was noticed to be very common on the ie
journey all the way from Kargil in Ladak to Punch at the foot of the hills, leading 101 ^,ere
plains of the Panjab into Kashmir by the Haji Pir Pass. Curiously enough, 110110 tjian
noticed on the upward route ; but the bird in May and June is usually much higher llP
in the autumn and winter.”
203. Cinclus leucogaster.
Cinclus leucog aster, Bp.; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 66 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p- ’
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 314 (1881) ; Homeyer & Tanere, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, P- ^
Sharps
No. 712. Tanksi, September 16, 1873. — A young bird.
No. 912. North of Sanju Pass, October 26, 1873. — Shot by Dr. Bellew.
AYES.
97
°. 1370. Tughamati, February 18, 1874.
°- 1652. Tarbashi, May 12, 1874.
This latter specimen shows evident traces of breeding, the plumage being much worn.
th Biddulph writes: — “ This was obtained just as we entered the Hills en route to
e I amir at an elevation of 5500 feet.”
OAi
ClNCLUS SORDIDUS.
Hydrobata sordida, Gould; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 189 (1873) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn.
Misc.ii. p. 202 (1877).
^nrlus sordidus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 317 (1881) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 165
0890).
^l’- Henderson procured a single specimen at Kargil in Ladak, on the 23rd of October.
PALLIDA.
Family TROGLODYTIM.
Genus ANORTHURA.
^NORTHURA
' oyludytes nepalensis (nec Blyth) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 66 (1873).
roglodytes curopceus (nec Y.) ; Severtz. t. c. p. 138 (1873).
rogfodyteg pallidus, Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 219, note (1875).
J°!/lodytes parvulus (nec Koch), Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 175.
nm thur a pallida, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 273 (1881).
1 °- 936. Sanju, November 1, 1873 — Length 4-5 inches, wing 2-0, tail 1'5, tarsus 0-7.
^ Lis brown; upper mandible blackish, the lower one paler ; feet pale horny brown.
j^°‘ v),)9- Bora, November 4, 1873.
^°s- 997, 1007, 1024, 1035, 1086. Yarkand, November 11-28, 1873.
yj°‘ ^-L8. Yangihissar, December 2, 1873.
yT°' ^27. Kashghar, January 23, 1874.
°‘ Kashghar, February 11, 1874.
ari(i p°^0llel Biddulph writes : — “ We got this at Sanju, and we also found it about Yarkand
Kashghar.
We often noticed it about the willow-trees in the fields.
2%
LxORXfnjjiA NI
NEGLECTA.
'i'r
1 °9lodytes nipalensis (nec Hodgs.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 187 (1873).
lortlmru rut ’ ■ ~ - —
P- 338 (!
Hendc
■du ,, dtes nipalensis (nec Hodgs.) ; Hume <
wthura neylecta (Brooks) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 278 (1881) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds,
1‘ 1J- 338 (1889).
rare ; 1-T 3^en^ersorL obtained a specimen in the Sind Valley, but observes that it seems to be
1 Kashmir.
o
98
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Family ACCENTORIDiE.
Genus ACCENTOR.
207. Accentor nepalensis.
Accentor nipalensis, Hodgs. ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 234 (1873) ; Prjev. in Rowley s
Misc. ii. p. 185 (1877) j Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 74; Scully, t. c. p. 568; Bidd. Ibis, 1882, !>• 2 '
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 664 (1883) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 166 (1 800) -
Dr. Henderson procured an example on the Pangong Lake on the 10th of October, l)U^ ^
specimen appears not to have passed into the Hume Collection, and has apparently per]S ie
208. Accentor ilimalayantts.
1 (5S
Accentor himalayanus , Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 187 (1842) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii- F
(1890).
Accentor altaicus, Brandt ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 66, 133 (1873) ; id. Str. F. iii. p- 428
Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 91; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 74; Scully, t. c. p. 569; Severtz. Ibis, 1883
Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 85 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p- 360
(1875) 5
u. 65 i
'(1888).
No. 812. Balakchi, October 17, 1873.
Genus THARRHALEUS.
209. Tharrhaleus eulvescens.
. . prjev-
Accentor fnlvescens, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 66, 132 (1873); id. Str. F. iii. p. 428 (1B7&) 5 ^is,
in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 186 (1877) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 75 ; Scully, t. c. p. 569; Bldd'gg3) ;
1882, p. 281, pi. viii. ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 84; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p- 655 '
Menzbicr, Ibis, 1885, p. 356.
Accentor montanellus (nee Pall.) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 155 (1876).
Tharrhaleus fulvescens, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 171 (1890).
No. 813. Shahidula, October 19, 1873.
No. 833. N. of Suget Pass, Shahidula, October 1873 (Dr. Bellew). iris
No. 844, d . S. of Sanju Pass, October 22, 1873. — Bill black; feet pale ’
reddish brown. Length 6-6 inches, wing 3’2, tail 2-75.
Nos. 899, 900, 908, 910. Sanju, October 28, 1873.
No. 1193. S. of Chakmak, January 9, 1874.
No. 1374. Uibulak, 7000 feet, February 23, 1874.
No. 1453. Aktash, April 3, 1874.
No. 1593. Sarikol, May 7, 1874. ol.
Dr. Stoliczka first identified this species as a new one in his ‘ Diary,’ on shooting 0 ^
Shahidula on the 19th of October. It was common near Sanju, and he saw it
Jigda on the 20th of February. Colonel Biddulph procured specimens at Tam, 011 \j.eg to
of October, from 6000 to 8000 feet, and at Aktala on the 22nd of March. He 1 <() ;)ie
us : — “ Found in the lower hills coming down from Sanju, and the same going UP
Pamir. They were very numerous in the Kulustan valley.”
AYES.
99
TkARRHALEUS RUBECULOIDES.
Accentor rubeculoides, Ilodgs. ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 234 (18/3) ; Prjev. in Rowley s
Orn. Misc. ii. p. 187 (1887) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 657 (1883).
Ihurrhaleus rubeculoides, Oates, Faun. Brit. Iud., Birds, ii. p. 169 (1890).
585, ad. Leli, August 30, 1873.
N°s> 589, juy., 590, juv., 591, ad., 594, ad. Leh, August 30, 1873.
Nos. 626, 634, juy., 638. Leli, September 4-5, 1873.
Hr. Stoliczka notes in his ‘ Diary ’ that both old and young birds were common near Leh
' ju N 5t September. Colonel Biddulph also procured specimens at Tanks! (13,200 feet) on
,le 1:'th of September. He says that it was also seen on crossing the Sakti Pass, but nowhere
+\Se' Henderson states that it was “seen in considerable numbers on his return journey,
°ne march beyond the Pangong Lake right through Ladak. It frequented marshy
f>r°Und and the banks of streams, hopping about from rock to rock.
* J-HAUKhALEUS jerdoni.
Accentor jerdoni, Brooks ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 75 ; Scully, t. c. p. 569 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vn.
P- 660 (1883).
Accentor strophiatus (nec Ilodgs.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 234 (1873).
Ibarrhaleus jerdoni, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 172 (1890).
N°- 339, juv. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873.
1 0s- 402, juy., 406, ad. Mataian, 11,200 feet, August 14, 1873.
1° this species doubtless belongs the young bird spoken of by Dr. Henderson as
■ fr°phiatus (l.cX Colonel Biddulph states that he obtained a male in the Karakash
' hlley< ' '
Eamily TIMELIIDiE.
^ Genus GARRULA X.
HlRRULAX ALBIGULARIS.
^arrulax albogularis (Gould) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 439 (1883) ; Oates, taun. Brit. Ind.
Bh-ds, i. p. 82 (1889).
5°- 9- Hurree, June 21, 1873.
N°S- 95> 96. Changligally, July 5, 1873.
4 °- 109. Miirrce, July 10, 1873.
Genus TROCHALOPTERUM.
jA)CHALOPTERUM ERYTHROCEPHALUM.
Tr°chalopterum erythrocepbalum (Yig.) • Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 360 (1883) ; Oates, Faun.
^ Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 89 (1889).
°‘ H. Changligally, near Murree, July 5, 1873.
Tn
hOC H AEOPI'ERU m simile.
Oc'lalopterum simile, Hume, Ibis, 1871, p. 408; id. & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 193, pi. vn. (1873) ;
B'dd. IbiSj 1881, p. 53 ; Scully, t. c. p. 439 ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 96 (1889).
O 2
100
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Nos. 10, 20, 30, 56. Murree, June 1873.
No. 90. Dungagally, July 4, 1874.
All these specimens have the grey on the wings and tail characteristic of the wester^
race which Mr. Hume has called T. simile, and they show no approach to the golden-wlU=>^
T. variegatum. I reverse my previous opinion that it is the same as the latter species, a
follow Mr. Oates in keeping the two species distinct.
Dr. Henderson found this species very common at Baramula, west of Srinagar, in Novel*1
It has a peculiar call, like “ wheet-ooi-ooi.”
215. Trochalopterum lineatum.
Trochalopterum lineatum (Vig.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 195, pi. viii. (1873) ; bicU
1881, p. 54 ; Scully, t. c. p. 440 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1882, p. 272; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. viii- }>■
(1883) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 101 (1889).
Nos. 24, 28. Murree, June 24, 1873.
No. 159. Baramula, July 25, 1873.
According to Dr. Henderson, this species was very abundant from Gond
through Kashmir on the return journey in October.
all the
wa; y
lbh>
Genus A R G Y A.
216. Argya caudata.
Chattorhea caudata (Dum.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 197, pi. ix. (1873) ; C. SwiO1-
1882, p. 105. f l06
Argya caudata, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 393 (1883) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, *• P'
(1889).
No. 129. Tinali, July 18, 1873.
Dr. Henderson states that this species was very common on the low hills on the
leading into the plains of the Punjab.
roads
Genus POMATORHINUS.
217. POMATORHINUS ERYTHROGENYS. ,
2 't
Pomatorhinus erythogenys, Vig. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 430 (1883) ; Oates, Faun. ' rl
Birds, i. p. 124 ((1889).
No. 16. Murree, June 23, 1873.
Subfamily BRA CHYPTER Y GIN AH.
Genus MYIOPHONEDS.
218. Myiophoneus temmincki.
Lah°re
Myiophoneus temmincki, Vig.; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873); Hume & Hendeis- ^ .
to Yark. p. 187 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 335 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 52; Scully, t* c; ^ g0c.
C. Swinhoe, Ibis, 1882, p. 105 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 7 (1883) ; id. Trans. Tjin '
(3) Zool. v. p. 75 (1889); Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 178 (1889).
No. 111. Murree, July 11, 1873
No. 284. Gond, August 8, 1873.
AYES.
101
Colonel Bkldulpli observes : — “ On the upward journey I only saw this in Kashmir,
"here it is very common in the Sind Valley, hut coming hack I saw it at Eras, in July.
Or. Henderson observes : — “ The Yellow-hilled Wliistling-Thrusli, so common throughout
e lower Himalayas, south of the Snowy Range, was met with abundantly from the foot of
e hills leading into Kashmir right up to the Zoji-la.”
Genus LARVIVORA.
Cauvivora brunnea.
Larvivora brunnea, Hodgs. ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 182 (1889).
® rythacus brunneus (Hodgs.) ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 302 (1881).
J0- 33. Murree, June 25, 1873.
No- 106. Murree, July 9, 1873.
Genus HODGSONIUS.
Hodgsonitjs
PHCENICUROEDES .
Hodffsonius phcenicuroides (Hodgs.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 187, pi. vi. (1873) , Trjev. in
Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 179 (1877) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 81 (1883) j Oates, Faun.
Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 190 (1889).
N°- 321, ? . Sonamarg, August 11, 1873.— Bill dark horny ; tarsi fleshy violaceous, feet
pale horny ; iris brown. Length 7‘4 inches, wing 2'8, tail 3 1, tarsus 1 15.
*<*• 327, adult, 328, 338, juv. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873.
Dr. Stoliczka states that this bird, which he says is “like Dumeticola , was rare neat
^onatnarg. Hr. Henderson procured one specimen in Kashmir at the head of the Sind
a%- Colonel Biddulph says it was only noticed by him in Kashmir.
Subfamily SIBJINyE.
Genus LIOPTILA.
CfOPTiLA CAPISTRATA.
alaeias capistrata (Vig.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 400 (1883).
Ijl0Ptila capistrata, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 196 (1889).
^°" °^- Murree; June 28, 1873.
°- 81. Murree, July 2, 1873.
Subfamily LIOTRI CHINjE.
Genus LIOTHRI X.
222 t
ClOTHRIx LUTE A.
L*othrix lutea (Scop.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 644 (1883) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds,
i- P- 221 (1889).
N°s- 147, 153. TJrumbu, July 24, 1873.
102
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus PTERUTHIUS.
223. Pteruthius erythropterus.
Pteruthius erythropterus (Vig.) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 224 (1889).
No. 105, 2 ■ Murree, July 9, 1873.
No. 112, d . Murree, July 11, 1873.
No. 114, d . Murree, July 12, 1873.
No. 116, 2 • Murree, July 13, 1873.
No 112 is a young male with a brown head and back, but having the black ear-stop*
and black wings of the adult male, with the exception that the wing-coverts have the 611
brown. The tail is black, but is tipped with white, as in the adult female.
Family PYCN ON OTID2E.
Genus HYPSIPETES.
224. Hypsipetes psaroides.
n Brit-
Hypsipetes psaroides (Vig.) ; Hume & Ilenders. Lahore to Yark. p. 198 (1873) ; Sharpe, Cat.
Mus. vi. p. 36 (1881); Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 260 (1889).
No. 1. Murree, June 20, 1873.
No. 6. Murree, June 21, 1873.
Nos. 22, 26. Murree, June 24, 1873.
Nos. 76, 78. Murree, July 2, 1873.
No. 148. Urumbu, July 24, 1873.
Colonel Biddulpli procured this species in the Jlielum Yalley in August 187J-
Henderson says that it was common at Banipal on both sides of the pass leading f ?°m '
to Srinagar, but was not seen elsewhere.
Genus MOLPASTES.
225. Molpastes intermedius.
Pycnonotus intermedius, A. Hay; Sharpe, Cat. ,B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 130 (1881).
Molpastes intermedius, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 272 (1889).
No. 54. Murree, June 27, 1873.
226. Molpastes leucogenys.
Otocompsa leucogenys (Gray) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 200 (1873) ; Sharpe, Cat-
Mus. vi. p. 160 (1881).
Molpastes leucogenys, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 272 (1889).
B- B**'
d in
No. 169. Sopur, July 26, 1873.
Colonel Biddulpli states that this species was very common in the Sind Valle) ^
Kashmir generally, but was seen nowhere else. Dr. Henderson also states that
common throughout Kashmir.
AYES.
103
Family CAMPOPHAGIM.
Genus
PfRICROCOTES
BREVIROSTRIS.
PERICROCOTUS.
Pcricrocotus brevirostris (Vig.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 184 (1873) ; Sharpe, Gat. B. Brit.
Mus. iv. p. 79 (1879) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 52 ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 435 ; Oates, Faun.
Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 483 (1889).
0s- 85, 86, a ad. Changligally, near Murree, July 2, 1873.
l 87, $ ad. Changligally, near Murree, July 3, 1873.
x °- 313. Sonamarg, August 10, 1873.
Colonel Biddulph procured a male in the Jhelum Valley. Dr. Henderson says that the
pQcies was met with throughout Kashmir, from Jamu to the foot of the Zoji Pass, in May
ar|d June.
Family MUSCICAPID^l.
22s Genus MUSCICAPA.
• ^lUSClCAPA GRISOLA.
Muscicapa grisola, L. ; Severtz. Turkest, Jevotu. p. 67 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 188; Blanf. East.
Persia, ii. p. 143 (1876) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 151 (1879) ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 437 ;
c- Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 104 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 70 ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v.
P- 69 (1889) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 4 (1890).
"ta/is grisola, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 185 (1875) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 53;
Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 35 (1885).
No' *31. Tanksi, September 17, 1873.
s*n§'le specimen of this Flycatcher was obtained by Dr. Henderson on the 22nd of
Sim eQl^er’ u in an absolute desert some 14,000 feet above the sea-level, at the foot of the
Tlpm ^>ass’ Cadak, a few miles south of what may be considered the boundary of Yarkand,
hermometer stood at 23° Fahrenheit when the bird was shot.”
229
Hbmichelidon sibirica.
Genus HEMICHELIDON.
^"ttchelidon fuliginosa, Hodgs. ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 184, pi. iv. (1873).
emchelidon sibirica, (1m. ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 272 (1877); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
lv- P- 120 (1879) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 53 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 52 ; Scully, t. c. p. 436.
yjs. 302, 303, 317, 332, 333, 347, 359, adults and young. Sonamarg, August 10-12, 1873.
' °- 354, adult. Sonamarg, August 12, 1873.— Bill horny black ; feet dark brown ; iris
down. Length 4’8 inches, wing 2’93, tail 1*8, tarsus 05.
T'v
latfer IIenrlerson and Colonel Biddulph both obtained this species at Sonamarg, and the
&entleman states that it was very common in Kashmir.
104
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus SIPHIA.
230. SiPHIA HYPERYTHRA.
Siphia hyperythra, Cab. ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Iucl., Birds, ii. p. 10 (1890).
Muscicapa hyperythra, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 103 (1879).
Colonel Biddulph obtained two specimens in Kashmir.
Genus CYORNIS.
231. Cyornis superciliaris.
Muscicapula superciliaris (Jerd.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 204 (1879) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, 1
1880, p. 54
Cyornis superciliaris, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 17 (1890).
Nos. 45, 50, 55. Murree, June 26, 27, 1873.
Genus DIGENEA.
232. Digenea leucomelanura.
Digenea leucomelanura, Hodgs. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 459, pi. xiii. (1879, fig. pess.)-
Cyornis leucomelanurus, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 16 (1890).
No. 331. Sonajnarg, August 11, 1873.
Genus STOPAROLA.
233. Stoparola melanops.
Eumyias melanops (Vig.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark.p. 186 (1873). ^ .,.28
Stoparola melanops, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 438 (1879) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, »■
(1890).
No. 84. Changligally, Murree, July 2, 1873.
Dr. Henderson obtained a single specimen in Kashmir.
Genus ALSEONAX.
234. ALSEONAX LATIROSTRIS. ,>
Cat- 0'
Alseonax latirostris (ItafH.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 185, pi. 5 (1873) ; Sharp6,
Brit. Mus. iv. p. 127 (1879) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 35 (1890). gj
No. 677. S. of Chimray, September 13, 1873.— Bill horny black, yellowish fleshy °n^ ^-8,
half of lower mandible ; feet black ; iris dark brown. Length 5 inches, vval 3
tail 1'8, tarsus 0-55.
235. Alseonax rupicaubus.
Cyornis ruficauda, Sw. ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 53.
Siphia ruficauda (Sw.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 457 (1879).
Alseonax raficaudus, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 36 (1890).
No. 136, juv. Guri, July 20, 1873.
No. 157, juv. Baramula, July 25, 1873.
Colonel Biddulph obtained a specimen at Baramula on the 1st of August.
AYES.
105
2„ t Genus NILTAVA.
• Niltaya SUNDAEA.
5 iltava sundara, Hodgs. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 463 (1879) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds,
ii. p. 41 (1890).
^0S- 66, c? 5 ad. Murree, June 30, 1873.
ad. Murree, June 20, 1873.
‘ °' 7> ad. Murree, June 21, 1873.
1 °- 52, cj ad. Murree, June 26, 1873.
? ad. Murree, July 10, 1873.
237- TEEps, P
HONE PAEADISI.
Genus TERPSIPHONE.
y'ehitrea paradisi (Linn.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 184 (1873).
lbrpsiphone paradisi, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 346 (1879) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii.
P- 45 (1890).
M usdpeta paradisi, Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 52; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 104.
Humber. Chackoti, July 22, 1873.
i)0, Oori, July 23, 1873.
Nos- l83, 184, 187. Srinagar, July 27, 28, 1873.
r- Henderson states that the Paradise Ely catcher was very abundant in Kashmir in
Pie « n<^ ’^une wherever there were large shady trees. It was seen at Yernag, and was very
Kasl 1 a^0u^ Srinagar and the Sind Yaliey as far as Gond. It was never seen after leaving
238.
Hiielidon runic a.
Eamily HIKUNDINIDiE.
Genus CHELIDON.
t'helidon
urbica (L.)j Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 216 (1876); Scully, Ibis, 1881, p.428; Severtz. Ibis,
1^83, p. 70; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 32 (1885); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 87 (1885);
jj. hadde, Ornis, iii. p. 490 (1887) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 269 (1890).
^ irmdo urbica, Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 83.
°‘ S • Snurla, August 24, 1873. — Length 6 inches, wing 4-3 ; tail, inner tail-feathers
^ 75, outer 2*4 ; tarsus 0’46 ; expanse 11-75 ; bill from front 025, from gape 0‘45 ;
eugth of foot 0- 95. Iris dark brown; bill black; feet fleshy white, covered with
No rT ^ t0 Others to the end of the toes.
No Saspul, on the Indus, August 25, 1873.
No qo2' Lel15 AuSust 30> 1873*
21, jUv. Sanju, October 29, 1873.
Colonel Biddulph tells us that he shot a specimen at Ivargil in Ladak.
v
106
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus CO TILE.
239. Cotile riparia. t
Cotyle riparia (L.) ; Severtz. Turlcest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 189; Blarf ^
Persia, ii. p. 216 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 162 (1877) ; 0. Swinh. *blS’ScUjiy,
p. 101 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 96 (1885) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 32 (188o) ;
J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 83 (1887) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 272 (1890).
Hirundo riparia, Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 83. ^
No. 1480. Pan j ah, April 17, 1874. — Length 5 inches, wing 4, tail 2T5, tarsus 0’4 ;
10-6; hill from front 0-23, from gape 0'52 ; length of foot 1. Iris dark brown ,
black; feet dusky brownish, shining ; soles ashy.
240. Cotile rupestris. , ,
i t Jevotn*
Cotile rupestris (Scop.) ; Hume & Headers. Lahore to Yark. p. 177 (1873) ; Severtz. Turke st‘ ley’s
p. 67 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 189 ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 216 (1876) ; Prjev. m gcUlly,
Orn. Misc. ii. p. 162 (1877) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 48 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p- 47 > ^t.
ibid. p. 427 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 70 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 32 (1885) ; Sharpe, Cat. • ^ .
Mus. x. p. 109 (1885) ; Radde, Omis, iii. p. 490 (1887) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p- 83
Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 77 (1889). .. $73
Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 131 (1876) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, 11
(1890).
Hirundo rupestris, Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 83.
No. 478, imm. Shargol, W. Ladak, August 20, 1873.
No. 623, adult. Lamaguru, August 23, 1873.
No. 904, imm. Sanju, October 28, 1873.
Nos. 1656, 1660, adult. Pasrobat, May 13, 1874.
*\X)
Dr. Stoliczka states that the Rock-Martin was common near Pasrobat, and was
rently going to breed in the neighbourhood. ganju’
It was often seen by Dr. Henderson, who states that it was not uncommon near
and was met with both on going and returning on the banks of the Indus near Leh, an
numerous about Dras. _ p^tei'11
Dr. Scully gives the following note : — “ This Crag-Martin was first observed m
Turkestan in August, between Sanju and Kizil Aghil. After that it was seen evelyv.atef
along the Arpalak stream and the Karakasli river. It flew about hunting over the
and perched on the high rocks near the streams. At Kizil Aghil I was informed
inhabitants that this bird left them when the leaves fell off the trees, and reappc£U’e cjefts
in spring when the trees began to blossom ; they said that the nests were placed w 1 jaj n
of rocks near the river. The Turld name for this species is ‘ Tagli Karlogliach ’ — ‘
Swallow and I need scarcely add that it was never seen in the plains.”
AYES.
107
Genus HIRUNDO.
241. Hietjndo rustica.
Hirundo rustica, L. ; Hume & Ilenders. Lahore to Yark. p. 176 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 188;
Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 215 (1876) ; Scully, Str. P. iv. p. 131 (1876) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis,
1880, p. 48; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 47; Scully, ibid. p. 427; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 100; Homeyer
& Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 83; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 70 ; Zarudn. Ois. lVanseasp.
P- 32 (1885) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 128 (1885) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 83 (1887) ;
Itadde, Ornis, iii. p. 487 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 77 (1889) ; Oates, Faun.
Brit. Ind., Birds, ii. p. 277 (1890).
Hirundo domestica, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1873).
!49. Urumbu, July 24, 1873.
i o. 1602. Sarikol, May 9, 1874.
iNos- 1732, 1733, 1734, 1762. Yarkand, May 15-20, 1874.
Sa ‘ ^ie ®th May Dr. Stoliczka noticed the Common Swallow as very common about
m^ol. At Yarkand it was breeding, and the diary contains the following note : — “ IT. rustica
atVCS ^eie a nes^ mu(l’ line(i with line grass, horse-hair, and a few feathers, just as it does
We ,l0me‘ ft does not appear to begin to lay before the 10th of May, as all the eggs I got
nearly fresh. There were four to five eggs in the nest.”
j?- ft1'- Henderson says that the Common Swallow was “found in great abundance in
tlif'S 1U^r ’ftlllc’ where it was breeding, and in the plains of Yarkand it was common all
Pe- ft’om Sanju to the city. At Oi-tograk, in August, they were collecting in flocks, and
0 ' Uno in vast numbers on the mulberry-trees, probably preparatory to migration, because
j) 1° retu.rn of the Expedition to the same locality in September not one was to be seen.”
P * cu*ly observes : — “ The Common Swallow is found in great numbers in the plains of
ai Llu Turkestan, from Sanju to Kashghar, for six months in the year. The birds arrive
speC middle of April, and migrate towards the end of October, not a single bird of this
jUstles being ever seen in winter. They breed during May and June ; many young birds,
a j]e to fly, being found in the early part of July. The Yarkandis call the bird c Ui
P °ykach ’ — ‘ House Swallow,’ and say that it always makes a mud nest on the roof of
tp St s’ number of eggs laid being from three to five, and that two broods are raised in
op (|GdSon- Unlike tbe Swift, this species was frequently seen perching on trees, and settling
e ground and on sand banks.”
Uiiiuxdo nipalensis.
U'/ undo nipalensis, Hodgs. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 160 (1885) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds,
h- p. 282 (1890) ; Sharpe & Wyatt, Monogr. Hirund. part xiv. (1890).
No. 7
'ft Murree, July 1, 1873.
108
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Order SCANSORES.
Family INDICATORIDiE.
Genus INDICATOR.
243. Indicator xanthonotus.
3
Indicator xanthonotus, Blyth ; Stoliczka, Str. F. i. p. 529 (1873) ; Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xix> P-
(1891).
Indicator radcliffii, Hume, Ibis, 1872, p. 10.
Pseudofringilla xanthonotus, Hume, Str. F. i. p. 314 (1873).
Pseudospiza xanthonota, Sharpe in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. i. p. 207 (1876).
No. 89, ^
pale greenish, soles white; iris dark brown. Length 6 inches, wing 4, tal
tarsus 9‘16.
A full account of the capture of this interesting specimen is given by Dr. Stolid11
‘ Stray Feathers ’ ( l . c.), where he gives notes on its anatomy.
Family CAPITONIDiE.
Genus MEGAL2EMA.
244. Megal^ma marshalloritm.
Megalama marshallorum, Swinh. ; Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xix. p. 53 (1891).
No. 19. Murree, June 23, 1873.
No. 23. Murree, June 24, 1873.
Family PICIDiE.
Subfamily PICINM.
Genus GECINUS.
245. Gecintts squamatus.
., yfus-
Gecinus squamatus (Yig.) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 49; Scully, t. c. p. 430; Hargitt, Cat. B. Brlt'
xviii. p. 43 (1890).
Nos. 14, 17, 29, $ . Murree, June 23-24, 1873.
Colonel Biddulph procured a female at Baramula.
AYES.
109
216. Gecixus occipitalis.
Gecinus occipitalis (Vig.); Hargitt, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xviii. p. 56 (1890).
61, . Murree, June 29, 1873.
Genus HYPOPICUS.
HyPOPICUS HYPEBYTIIIIUS.
Hypopicus hyperythrus (Vig.); Hargitt, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xviii. p. 199 (1890).
^ °- 72, d . Murree, June 30, 1873.
Genus DENDROCOPUS.
Dendeocopes leucopteeus. (Plates XII., XIII.)
Picus ( Dendrocopus ) leucopterus . Salvacl. Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, vi. p. 129 (18/0-71).
Pims leptorhynchus, Severtz. Str. F. 1875, p. 430 ; id. Ibis, 1875, pp. 487-491 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876,
P- 320 ; Menzb. Ibis, 1885, p. 357.
Pi
p. 320 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. oru. Yer. Wien, 1883, p. 83.
Alcedo ispida, /3. bengalensis, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873).
No number, adult. Sopur, July 26, 1873.
Nos. 203, 228, imm. Srinagar, July 29-31, 1873. ^l6
No. 1160, adult. Kashghar, December 17, 1873. — Bill blackish, tinged with fleshy a ^ ^
base ; feet coral-red ; iris dark brown. Length 7'1 inches, wing 2-9, tail 1'5, tarsus
Nos. 1327, 1329. Kashghar, February 10, 1874.
Dr. Henderson states that the Common Indian Kingfisher was excessively pleuti ^
Kashmir, but was never observed after crossing the Zoji-la. The native names
“ Tint Konu ” and “ Tuntu.”
Genus CERYLE.
256. Ceryle varia.
Ceryle rudis (L., pt.); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 61, pi. 19 (1871) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis,
No. 241. Srinagar, August 1, 1873. — “ Tindh.”
Colonel Biddulph shot a specimen at Baramula, and the species was met
uncommonly along the Jkelum in Kashmir by Dr. Henderson.
1880, P- 5°'
with
p.ot
Order CORACLE.
Family CYPSELIDiE.
Genus CYPSELUS.
257. Cypselus PEKINENSIS.
. t. ' J
Cypselus pekinensis, Swinh.; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 132(1876); Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 428; C. '
1882, p. 101.
AYES.
113
No- 298. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873. — Bill black; feet fleshy brown ; iris brown. Length
7'4 inches, wing 6-65, tail 3'05, tarsus 0-4.
°- ’319- Sonamarg, August 10, 1873 ( Copt. JBiddulph).
°- ^30. Tashgam, August 17, 1873.
"°- 542. Snimu, August 26, 1873.
os- ^59, 760. Lukung, September 20, 1873.
°- 798. Karghalik, November 6, 1873.
Dr. Stoliczka states that he saAV this Swift in considerable numbers near Sonamarg on
atV^h ^ugust. Dr. Scully observes ; — “ The Swift was first noticed flying over the fort
Yarkand on the 10th of April ; after that it was seen daily near the fort and city until the
en4 of .lulyj w}ien it seemed to have disappeared.” He gives an account of its nesting, and
ays that the Turki name for it is “ Kirich Karloghach ,” the “ Sabre Swallow.”
I have examined the specimens of Cypselus acuticctuda mentioned by Dr. Scully (t. c.
32), and believe that they are also referable to G. peTdnensis.
Eamily CAPKIMTTLGIDiE.
Genus CAPRIMULGUS.
Gvpjumulgus jegyptius.
Guprimulgus arenicolor, Severtz. Ibis, 1875, p. 491 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 190 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp.
P- 33 (1885).
ttprhnulffus mgyptius, Licht. ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 133 (1876).
lgle specimen was obtained by Dr. Scully in the forest-region of the Dolan, about
es from the city of Yarkand ; but it was never met with in the immediate neigh-
°f Kashghar or Yarkand.
f^ty mi
boiJi*hood
Eamily COBACIID2E.
Genus CORACIAS.
CoraCIAS garrula.
C°racias garrula (L.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 177 (1873); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn.
P. 68 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 319 ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 125 (1876) ; Scully, Str. E.
lv- P- 133 (1876) ; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 48; Scully, ibid, p.429; C. Swinboe, Ibis, 1882, p. 102 ;
Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 83 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 48 (1885) ;
Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 79 (1887) ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 492 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn.
Soc* (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 84 (1889).
259. Srinagar, July 5, 1873.
No Sr!naSar’ July 28, 1873.
' ~ 5. Srinagar, August 5, 1873. — Nilknosh.
q 344. Leh, September 6, 1873.
Ig-jr j 0 onel Biddulph mentions that he shot a female in the Sind Valley on the 20th of July,
^id not notice this species away from Kashmir.
r" Henderson says that the European Holler, “ so common in Kashmir, especially in
<2
114
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
the valleys and along the courses of the rivers, appears to he a rare hire! in Yarkand, whe^e’
however, it probably breeds, as a young bird was there obtained.” Dr. Scully says that t
species is said to be common in Khokand and Western Turkestan, where it is called ‘ y
Kargha ,” the “ Blue Crow.” It only passes through Eastern Turkestan. The first specinj^
was obtained at Sulaghz Langar in August, and appeared to be quite unknown t°
natives. Later in the same month a second specimen was fonnd dead near the KaraK
River ; hoth birds had evidently been migrating southward.
Eamily MEROPIDiE.
Genus MEROPS.
260. Merops APIASTER.
Merops apiaster (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873); Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p- 4--
Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 319; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 49; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, P- ^ ^
C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 102; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 49 (1885) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng- b’1- 1 ^
(1887) ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 492 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt* *
(1889).
Nos. 214, 215. Sonamarg, July 30, 1873.
Order PSITTACI.
Eamily PSITTACIDfiE.
Genus PALiEORNIS.
261. Pal^ornis scmsTicEPS.
Palceornis schisticeps, Hodgs. in Gray’s Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844).
Nos. 21, 68. Murree, June 23-30, 1873.
No. 73. Murree, July 1, 1873.
No. 150. Urumbu, July 24, 1873 ( Capt . Biddulph). — “ To ter.”
Order COLUMBiE.
Eamily TRERONIDiE.
Genus SPHEWOCERCUS.
262. SPHENOOERCTJS SPHENURUS.
Sphenocercus sphenurus (Vig.) ; Ilume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 270 (1873).
No. 71. Murree, June 30, 1873.
No. 80. Murree, July 2, 1873.
Dr. Henderson says that this Eruit-Pigeon was very common near
Jamu and Banikal, but was not observed in the valley of Kashmir.
the Chenab botw6
AYES.
115
Eamily COLUMBIM.
Genus COLUMBA.
COLUMBA CENAS.
Columba cenas, L. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 221; Scully, Str. E.
iv. p. 176 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 269 (1876) ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien,
1883, p. 91 ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 85 (1889).
Nos. 1053, 1058. Yarkand, November 24tk, 1873.
Hr. Scully writes: — “This species was frequently seen in the neighbourhood of Yarkand
during the months of May, June, and July, perching on high trees and feeding about on the
ground near cultivation. It breeds in Eastern Turkestan, the nest, as I was informed, being
^sually placed in high poplars ( JPopulus alba). The Turki name for the Stock- Pigeon is
' Koshhai: ”
264.
COLUMBA LIVIA.
Columba neglecta, Hume, Lahore to Yark. p. 272 (1873) .
Columba livid, Gm. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 221 ; Blanf. East.
Persia, ii. p. 268 (1876) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 117 ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 492 (1887).
No. 469, $ ad. Shargol, August 20, 1873.— Length 13Y5, wing 9‘0, tail 4‘75, tarsus 11.
Iris reddish orange, golden round the pupil ; eyelashes and cere white ; bill greenish
horny black ; feet lead-colour.
Having compared the above specimen with an English-killed one, I cannot see that
here is any difference between Mr. Hume’s Cohmiba neglecta (Lahore to Yark. p. 272) and
e ordinary European Bock-Dove.
Colonel Biddulph shot a specimen at Panjalr on the 22nd of April, and says that this
^as Cie only time he saw the species ; they were in small flocks.
265- COLU
MBA INTERMEDIA.
Columba fusca, Pall.; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873).
Coluniba intermedia, Striekl. ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p.268 (1876); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 221; Bidd.
Ibis, 1881, p. 91.
No. 336. Sonamarg, August 11, 1873 (Capt. Trotter).
o. 424. Dras, August 16, 1873.
No. 492. Kharbu, August 21, 1873.— Length 14 inches, wing 91, tail 4-8, tarsus 1T4 ;
expanse 28-5 ; bill from front 0’82, from gape 1T5. Iris reddish orange ; bill horny
black ; feet coral-red.
*°- 530. Snurla, August 24, 1873.
°- 685, imm. Chimray, September 13, 1873.
1 o. 1355. Kashgliar, February 14, 1874. — Shot in the fields.
Called “ Ya KabtarT because it breeds in the banks of rivers.
Q2
116
SECOND YABKAND MISSION.
266. COLUMBA RUPESTRIS.
Columba rupestris, Bp. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 221 ; PrjeV- ’f
Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 379 (1877) ; Bidrl. Ibis, 1881, p. 92; Scully, t. c. p. 584; Homeye?
Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 91 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 71. g
Columba rupicola, Pall. ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yarlc. p. 273 (1873) • Scullv Str. F. iv. P- 17
(1876).
No. 616. Leh, September 4th, 1873.
Nos. 689, 690, 691, 692. Above Sakti, 15,000 feet, September 14, 1873.
Nos. 686, 687. Above Sakti, 14,000 feet, September 14, 1873.— Length 131-13'2 inola^
wing 9 '3-9 -4, tail 10 ; expanse 27’65-27'8 ; bill from front 0,55-0'62, from gape
0‘95. Iris golden red ; bill black ; foot-lobe red, claws horny black.
No. 714. Tanksi, September 17, 1873.
Nos. 743, 744, 746, 747. Lukung, September 19, 1873.
Nos. 1359, 1360, 1361, 1363, 1364. Tangitar, February 18, 1874.
Nos. 1421, 1422. Pasrobat, March 26, 1874.
“ This Pigeon,” writes Colonel Biddulph, “ was very common after leaving heh,
specially so at the head of the Pangong Lake. Then we saw them occasionally all doW
the valley of the Karakash, and also on the return between Ivugiar and the Yangi g
Pass. I did not notice it on the Pamir.” The species is noted in Dr. Stoliczka’s £ Diaiy
being very common near Lukung.
Dr. Scully writes : — “ This Pigeon was common in the hills on the south side of Eastel’a
Turkestan, during the months of August and September, at elevations of from 800 ^
16,000 feet. The birds seemed to be very fond of rocky cliffs, and usually flew about in sllia
flocks or parties. The Turki name for this species is ‘ Ydioa Kabtar ’ (Wild Pigeon).”
267. Columba leuconota.
Columba leuconota, Vig. ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 274 (1873) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. 'Vlis
ii. p. 380 (1877) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 92; Scully, t. c. p. 584.
Tashgam, Dras Valley, August 17, 1873.
A single specimen was obtained by Dr. Henderson in June near Dras, where it was ^
abundant.
268. Columba eversmanni.
Palumboena eversmanni , Bp.; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 271, pi. xxxi. (1873) ; Scully*®
iv. p. 175 (1876).
Columba fusca, Pall.; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873). . lgg2,
Columba intermedia, Strickl. ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 221 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 91 ; C. Swinh. IblS)
P- 117 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 91. t_ 3,
Columba eversmanni, Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 86 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) ZooL V’P ‘
p. 84 (1889).
Dr. Scully writes : — “This Pigeon was first obtained in a large clump of poplars ^
balsamifera) at Taskhama in June. There they were in great numbers, but so wild t
was difficult to get specimens ; I shot two young birds, however, so that there can be n° ° ;lf,
about this species breeding in Eastern Turkestan. In August, again, at Yak Shamba
I shot a couple of these birds in a clump of poplars and saw many about. The Yai v
AYES.
117
that this species always haunts Toghrak (poplar) jungles, and that the nest is always
P aced on those trees. The Turki name for this Pigeon is ‘ Ki\gan.' P. eversmanni is
Pr°bably only a seasonal visitant to Kashgharia, migrating in winter.” Dr. Henderson
Procured a single specimen at Chagra, above the Pangong Lake, at an elevation of 16,000 feet,
°n 8th of October.
Genus TURTUR.
269
Turtur STOLiczKiE. (Plate XIY.)
Turtur stoliczkee, Hume ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 178 (1876).
Turtur chinensis, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873).
Turtur intercedens, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 221.
949. Sanju, November 1, 1873. — Native name “ Pachtak.”
°- 1309, s . Kashghar, Eebruary 5, 1874.
Adult male (type of species). General colour above light drab-brown, the sides of the back
Vashed with pale pearly grey ; wing-coverts pale pearly grey, shaded with brown, the inner,
and greater coverts being drab-brown like the back ; bastard-wing entirely pearly
» primary-coverts pearly grey, brown on the inner webs ; quills dusky brown, the
? lTtUu'iex grey at the base and edged with whitish, the inner primaries for the most part
and * a dusky-hrown shade towards the ends of the feathers, which are fringed with white
are ashy whitish along the shaft, the secondaries entirely pearly grey, except the inner-
asp8 ’ are drab-brown like the back ; upper tail-coverts pale drab-brown, the long ones
U ext ^ ^rowidsb the ends ; centre tail-feathers drab-brown, shaded with ashy grey, the
cn.es 2rev. sbnrlf>fl with hunwn oviovniill v ;> n 3 whit.p, nt tlifi end of the inner web, the
outer feathers, which are
r " Dacs grey, shaded with brown externally and white at the end
dushy blackish ; the white gradually increasing towards the on
of. . .
IOr nearly the terminal half, with a pronounced blackish shade near the base of the
the f ’ crown °t head light pinkish isabelline, with a black collar round the hind neck,
yhit
iaQer web
side ea^lers °f the nape and lateral black feathers of the collar fringed with pearly grey ; lores,
S the long coverts being edged with white at the tip ; under wing-coverts
Web axhtaries white, shaded with pearly grey ; quills below dusky ashy, white on the inner
‘ t otal length 12-5 inches, culrncn from feathers 0 55, wing 7‘4, tail 5'7, tarsus 0'8.
race US *S a ^arSe f°rm of Turtur risorius which seems to me worthy of recognition as a
Plai ®cu% gives the following note : — t£ This Dove is one of the commonest birds in the
(wh S 0!? Eastern Turkestan ; it is at least three times more numerous than Turtur auritus
al\v«etl hltter is in the country), and is a permanent resident throughout the year. It is
and^? h) he found near villages and houses, perching on trees or running about on the ground
right CJUn^ UP S'l’ain and seeds. The birds are very tame, and in winter they would come
about1)? ^'e door °f my room at Yarkand to be fed. A regular colony of these Doves lives
of ST) . le compound of the Residency at Yarkand, so I could have easily secured any number
of tjie ^neils had I known that the bird was supposed to be a new species. A favourite trick
Qhked arhand boys is to capture one of these Doves and smear its feathers all over with soot
Vith oil. The bird is then allowed to fly away, and after a few days, when the feathers
118
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
have shaken into their ordinary positions, the Ringdove presents quite a natural appearance >
only, as it moves about with its fellows, it looks truly a dove in mourning. The Turki name
for this Dove is £ Pakhtak,’ i. e. Fakhtah, a Dove (Persian).”
Dr. Stoliczka found this Dove at Yarkand on the 24tli of May. lie writes :• — “ I ^°°
the nest on a pollard willow about seven feet above the ground. The nest is made of a
twigs outside and has a thick lining of cotton-wool inside. It is large and shallow ; eggs tA'°’
white.”
270. Tuiitttr atjrittjs.
270
Turtur aurilus (L.) ; Ilume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 278 (1873) ; 131anf. East. Persia, u. P*
(1876); Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 177 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 92; Scully, ibid. p. 585; C. S'71” .
Ibis, 1882, p. 117 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 71 ; Homeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Yer. Wien, 1883, P* ^
Zarudu. Ois. Transcasp. p. 61 (1885) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 86 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. 111
Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 84 (1889).
Columba turtur (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873).
Turtur vulgaris , Eyton ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 221.
Peristera turtur, Itadde, Omis, iii. p. 494 (1887).
o-8;
No. 1048, juv. Kashghar, December 23, 1873.
No. 1151. Kashghar, December 16, 1873. — Length 11*7 inches, wing 7, tail 4*5, tarsus ^
expanse 19*5 ; bill from front 0*7, from gape 0*85 ; length of foot 1*9. Iris oiaU()Le
golden, very narrow; bill blackish; feet carmine-red; naked space round tbe
violet-red. Near houses and in low jungle.
No. 1755. Yarkand, May 15-20, 1874. , .
No. 1776. Yarkand, May 23, 1874. — Length 11*7 inches, wing 7‘1, tail 4*75, ^alSt’S^g>
expanse 20*5 ; bill from front 0*75, from gape 0*9 ; length of foot 1*9, spread ^
Iris reddish golden, very narrow ; bill horny black ; feet deep lilac-red. W ings ie
within 2 inches of end of tail. “Torolgha” ( Yarkand ) ; “ Urrliak ” (Andijam)-
Nos. 1817, 1824. Karghalik, May 30, 1874. ^
Dr. Henderson says : — “ A smgle specimen of the European Turtle-Dove was obtain0*^
Oi-tograk on the 28th of August. Doves were comparatively rare in Yarkand, and this
the only species observed. The specimen above referred to was a female, and corresp
with European specimens with which Mr. Hume compared it.” . 0f
Dr. Scully’s note is as follows : — “ The Turtle-Dove is a seasonal visitant to the plal“
Eastern Turkestan, arriving in May and migrating towards the end of September
beginning of October ; it was never observed in winter. The Turki name for the Turtle-
Turulghu? evidently a sort of imitation of the bird’s coo.” . foe
Dr. Stoliczka found it breeding near Yarkand on the 23rd of May. He fancied ^ggfcof
species had a shorter and deeper call than the European Turtle-Dove. It made a tliiu 11
a few twigs just like that of the latter bird, and had two white eggs.
is
271. Tuettjr sexegalensis.
Columba cegyptiaca, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873).
Turtur senegalensis, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 222 ; Blank East. Persia, ii. p. 270 (1876).
No. 126. Rliara, Jhelum Valley, July 17, 1873.
No. 1886. Chakmak, January 7, 1884.
AYES.
119
^'2. Ttjrtue. suratensis.
furfur suratensis (Gm.) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 92 ; Scully, ibid. p. 585 ; Oates’ ed. Hume, Nests & Eggs
Ind. B. ii. p. 353 (1890).
No- 100. Changligally, Murree, July 6, 1S73.
Xo- 137. Ghari, July 7, 1873.—“ Trilpiit.”
°- 671. Leh, September 10, 1873.
Turtur pulchratus.
Turtur vitticollis , Hodgs.; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 274 (1873).
^os. 446, 447. Cliiliscambo, August 18, 1873.
} °* 1683. South of Ighiz Yar, May 18, 1874.
°- 1746. Yarkand, May 15-20, 1874.
Colonel Biddulph shot this species at Dras and Sonamarg in July 1874.
Order PTEROCLETES.
Eamily PTEROCLILLE.
Genus SYRRHAPTES.
• SYRRHAPTES tibetanus.
Syrrhaptes tibetanus, Gould ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 279 (1873) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s
Orn. Misc. ii. p. 384 (1877); Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 71.
?0- 772. Chagra, September 9, 1873.
0s- 797, 798, 799. Gogra, September 25, 1873.
at p ^le Allowing note has been sent by Colonel Biddulph : — “ I first saw this Sand-Grouse
ab T’13'5 a*"J an elevation of 15,000 feet, where it was common and tame. It was flying
I °u* flocks of from three to ten individuals, on the hillside above the camp. In getting
° tlle Changchemno Valley again, at an elevation of about 15,000 feet, I saw a few, but did
^ again notice any Sand-Grouse during our journey, except that I saw some flying overhead
h]. A Member, between Khushtagh and Oi-tograk (4000 feet) ; and until the day we left Yangi-
SeeSai'5 9 11 March the 21st, and crossed a sandy plain (4000 feet) towards Ighiz Yar, I failed to
a specimen of that species. This may have been S. paradoxus .”
Dr A is Pr°fiably to this species, and not to Pterocles arenarim, that the following note of
<£^cully’s refers “ While I was at Yarkand, I often heard of a bird called by the natives
^es > wbich was said to inhabit sandy desert ground, and often gravelly steppes. It was
Tr H ed as somewbat smaller than a Chicore, of a yellowish-brown colour, like the back of a
,
he came to the conclusion that it was not separable from C. chukor, the Trans-Hhnalay311
range of which he gives as “ spread throughout the northern ranges, the so-called Karakoru®
or Ivuen-luen, and right across Kashghar to the Tian Shan, throughout which it occurs*
On reviewing the series procured by Dr. Stoliczka, however, the uniformly pale
tint of
the Central- Asian birds is very recognizable, and I think that it should he kept separ
Mr. Ogilvie Grant tells me that he believes that a complete gradation in colour will be f°1"1^
to exist between the Himalayan and the Yarkand Partridges, and he is inclined to regar
two birds as climatic forms of the same species.
Colonel Biddulpli sends us the following note: — “ I shot one in some jungle bet
Kashghar and Maralbashi, and there were some also in the latter place, but they aie
very common in the Plains country. In all the Hills, however, south and west of Turkes ‘
up to, at any rate, 12,000 feet, they are very common. In the valley between Punjab a
Sarhad in Wakhan they are specially abundant, and people hawk them.” . g
Dr. Henderson states that in Yarkand this Partridge swarms (wherever the i ^
debouch into the plains) over a belt of country some ten or fifteen miles in width. He
an account of their mode of capture. , ^
“ Chicore appear to abound,” says Dr. Scully, “in all the hills which surround the P^ ^
of Kashgharia on the north, west, and south. In the winter the birds seem to come d°" ,g
lower elevations than they frequent in summer. The Turki name for the Chi°ore
c Keklik.' ” . , oJJ
Ten eggs of this species, out of one nest, were brought to Dr. Stoliczka at Beshte
the 31st of May.
Genus COTURNIX.
79. COTURNIX COTURNIX.
F. b-
Coturnix communis , Bonn.; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 285 (1873); Scully, Str. ,g
p. 184 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 278 (1876); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 323; Prjev. in P°v
Orn. Misc. ii. p. 424 (1877) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 92 ; Scully, ibid. p. 586; Ilomeyer & Tancie’
orn. Ycr. Wien, 1883, p. 92; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 87 (1887).
Coturnix vulgaris, Severtz. Turkcst. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873).
Ortygion coturnix, Raddc, Ornis, iii. p. 495 (1887) .
No. 1271, 6 ■ Kashghar, January 25, 1874. — Bill dull pale bluish ; feet pale yell0"’ c
violet ; iris hazel-brown. Length 81) inches, wing 45, tail 19, tarsus 1‘2.
No. 1323. Kashghar, Eebruary 9, 1874. ^er
Colonel Biddulph writes : — “We shot this Quail in the plains of Turkestan in ^°V^,.lSon
and January, and I heard them calling in May and June. We were told that at that s
they were very abundant there.” Dr. Henderson procured a specimen on the 24th 0
,h-
tember at the Karatagh Lake (13,500 feet).
of £as
Dr. Scully says : — “ The Quail seems to be a permanent resident in the plains ° ^jrd
gharia; I got two birds at Yarkand in February, and the Shikaris were positive that ^e\&S
was to be met with throughout the winter. In summer the birds were common in the '
about Yarkand, though not very numerous. The Turki name for this species is ‘ &
but the common people generally call it e Watwalak ”
AYES.
123
Dr. Stoliczka writes in. liis ‘ Diary — “ Kugiar, June 1st. C. communis is certainly rare in
summer and goes probably further north, returning here in autumn or at least passing
l0ugh. It is said to be very common in Andijan during the summer. I heard only a
Slug‘le Quail calling when coming out of Karghalik yesterday morning.”
Genus TETRAOGALLUS.
^0- Tetiiaogalltjs tibetantjs.
Tetraogallus tibetanus, Gould; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yarlc. p. 281 (1873) ; Scully, Str. F. iv.
p. 182 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. ii. p. 427 (1877).
jj Colonel Biddulph procured a female specimen in the Sakti Pass on the 15th of September,
the Sa^8 1 — -*-^s D the only occasion on which I shot a specimen of this species. Crossing
Lankar Pass (Marsemik) a few days later, I saw others, probably of this species.” Dr.
lczka says that it was common in the Kaskasu Pass on the 26th of March.
Ch\ Scully writes : — “ I shot my first specimen of this species on the 24th September
0£ I' near the top of the Sanju Pass, at an elevation of 16,000 feet. Next day I saw hundreds
Hi 16 in a side valley near Kiehik Yailak, where they afforded me good shooting.
C,V associated in coveys of about ten to twenty, and were not very shy. When approached
tyhc'1 lH^0W ^ey moved leisurely up hill, stopping every now and then to look at one ; but
j 011 shot at or alarmed they flew downwards very swiftly, uttering a pleasant musical whistle.
du '!Und their flesh most delicious eating. Numbers of these birds were brought to us alive,
the winter, at Kashghar (where a specimen was preserved) and at Yarkand; they were
lj taaie iu confinement. Both this species and the preceding one had evidently sought the
they1 UliS near tlie Plains wlien winter set in. The Turki name for the bird is ‘ Ular,’ and
aie sadd to be found in all the hills which bound Eastern Turkestan on the north, west,
atl south.”
Tetraogallus himalatensis. (Plate XV.)
Ji . v '
raoffallus himalayensis (Gray) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 280 (1873) ; Scully, Str. F. iv.
P- 181 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 93; Scully, ibid. p. 586 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 72; Scully,
J- A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 86 (1887).
°* ^43. Sliahidula, November 21, 1873 ( Mr . Forsyth).
e§§s fo ' Dlary " hh'- Stoliczka writes : — “ Sasstekke, May 16. Hyder Mahomed got five Ular
1 me- The bird makes its nest of grass &c. high up between rocks.”
The
in f.he y- sheciIuen preserved by Dr. Stoliczka is much paler than any of the Himalayan birds
^-siau I ■ d1l0aad Collection, and it may ultimately be found desirable to separate the Central
u’d as a subspecies or race.
124
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Order PLATALEiE.
Eamily IBIDIDiE.
Genus PLEGADIS.
282. Plegadis ealcinelltts. ^agt
Ibis falcinellus (L.) ; Severtz. Turlcest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 326,
Persia, ii. p. 298 (1876) .
Falcinellus irjneus, C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 123.
Plegadis falcinellus, Oates in Hume’s Nests and Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 231 (1890).
No. 1581. Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
Order HEROD IONES.
Eamily ARDEIDiE.
Genus ARDEA.
283. Ardea cinerea.
335 i
Ardea cinerea, L. ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 295 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1 ' ^ jggl,
Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 196 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 48 (1878) ; Bid • ^ Qis.
p. 99; Scully, ibid. p. 591 ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 123; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. > ar
Transcasp. p. 71 (1885) ; Radde, Ornis, iii. p. 497 (1887).
Ardea cinerea, var. brag, Isid. Geoffr.; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873).
No. 177. Wular Lake, Kashmir, July 26, 1873.—“ Brag.” ^ ^g
Colonel Biddulpli procured a specimen at Baramula. He writes to us :— “ 1
species between Sauju and Yarkand and in the swamps round the latter place.” Dr-
found it breeding on a jheel near Yarkand on the 22nd of May. . ^ there *s a
Dr. Henderson says that this species was very common about Srinagar, where
large heronry. , yarkand 111
“Eour specimens of this species,” writes Dr. Scully, “were preserved at the
January and Eehruary. This Heron was common about Kashghar and Yarkand ^ Avatcr-
whole winter, frequenting swampy ground and the neighbourhood of unfrozen bi of tU®9®
It was not seen near Yarkand from April to August ; but in the latter month nuntu Again,
birds were met with at Tungtash near Karghalik, among reeds growing near v ^ j-ash 1^'
on the 26th of August a flock of these birds (? migrating) was seen near the Kara ^nttf’
below Gulgun Shah. The Yarkandis say that this bird is a permanent resident m ^ tliat d
moving northwards in summer to the country about Maralbashi, where it breec ’ ”
feeds chiefly on frogs and fish. The Turki name for the species is ‘ Wear ’ or * u
AYES.
125
Genus HERODIAS.
281. Herodias alba.
Ardea alba, L. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 325 ; Blanf. East.
ii. p. 295 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 49 (1878) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p.
Herodias alba, Scullv, Str. F. iv. p. 196 (1876).
No. 1275. Kashgliar, January 21, 1874.— Orbital skin green ; feet dark brown.
Dr. Scully observes : — ■“ In winter tbis species was more common about Kashghar (where
four birds were shot) and Yarkand than Ardea cinerea. It was never seen in spring or
summer, having then, it was reported, migrated northwards, towards Aksu, to breed. t
frequented marshy places and the banks of small streams, feeding on fish. The Turki name
f°r this species (which Mr. Hume informs me is the large European form and not the Lesser
NYliite Heron of India) is e Ah TJJcar ,’ ‘ White Heron.’ ”
Genus ARDETTA.
^0. Ardetta minuta.
Ardetta minuta (L.) ; Hume & Heuders. Lahore to Yark. p. 296 (1873) ; Severtz. Turkest Jevotn. p. 68
(1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 326; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 296 (1876) j Bidd. Ibis, 1 ,
p. 99 ; Scully, t. c. p. 592 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 72.
Ardeola minuta, Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 71 (1885).
Nos. 186, 190, 192, 196, 197, ad. Srinagar, July 28, 1873.
N°. 205, ad. Srinagar, July 29, 1873.
Nos. 212, 251, ad. Srinagar, August 3, 1873.— Length 16'5 inches, wing 5 9, tail L9,
tarsus 1-65 ; expanse 200. Iris bright orange, with a yellow ring round the pupil , i
brownish above, yellowish green at the sides ; sides of face and eyelids green , feet
green, the soles yellow. Kashmir name “ Goi.”
No. 996, young. Yarkand, November 11, 1873.
Colonel Biddulpk says : — “ I only saw it at Srinagar, but never noticed it in Yarkand.
!'■ Henderson says that it was excessively common in the lakes and marshes of Kashmir,
ere ^ was breeding in June.
Genus NYCTICORAX.
2gp -.T
J- 5 VCTI CORAX GRISEUS.
Aycticorax griseus (L.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 296 (18/3); Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 9J ,
Scully, t. c. p. 592.
1/ctiardea nycticorax, Oates in Hume’s Nests & Eggslnd. B. iii. p. 258 (1890).
According to Dr. Henderson, common in the lower valley of Kashmir.
126
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus BOTAURUS.
287. Botaurus stellaris.
Botaurus stellaris (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 325 ; Scully)
E. iv. p. 196 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p.297 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iD- P'
(1878) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 123 ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 90 (1^8 h
No. 1176. Kashghar, December 23, 1873. — “Koelbuka.” Bought by Dr. Bellow hi ^
bazaar.
1 • tl
Dr. Scully’s note is as follows: — “Four specimens of the Bittern were preserve^-
female at Kashghar in December, a male at Beshkant in February, and two males at Yai v
in the same month. This species was tolerably common near Kashghar and Yarkand du _ ®
the winter, frequenting swampy ground covered with rushes. It was not noticed m sh
or summer; but Mr. Shaw purchased a young bird of the year about the middle of j
wliich would seem to prove that this bird does not breed far from Yarkand, at any ra
kept several of these birds in confinement, and found that their favourite attitude u aS p0jy
the beak directed straight up in the air, the eyes looking very vacant, and the whole
kept still and unmoved ; when made to walk about the room they would shake out
neck-feathers and look very fierce. The natives said that one required to be very care ^
handling these birds, as they were very fond of making a peck straight at one’s eye ■ a
hare kept in the same room with a Bittern died one night, and next morning one of h* ^
was found very neatly picked out ; my servant looked on this incident as a striking ^ ^
firmation of the eye-extracting tendencies of the bird. The Yarkandis call this species
bughasi,’ the £ Stag of the Lake,’ and say that it is a permanent resident in the C°U^Q a
breeds in long grass-jungle, and makes a very loud booming noise by sticking its bill vn
reed 1 ”
Family CICONIID.E.
Genus DISSURA.
288. Dissura episcopus.
Melanopelargus episcopus (Bodd.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 294 (1873) .
Dissura episcopus, Oates in Hume’s Nests & Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 268 (1890).
sever
al
Dr. Henderson states that he saw this Stork in the plains of Yarkand on -- ^
occasions, especially in the neighbourhood of Yarkand itself. No specimen was PreS
and none of the other expeditions met with the species.
AYES.
127
Order STEGANOPODES.
Family PHALACROCOBACITLE.
Genus PHALACROCORAX.
Phalacrocorax cabbo.
Garbo phalacrocorax, yar. continent alls, Sevcrtz. Turkest. Jcvotn. p. Ill (1873).
Gracuhis carlo, L.; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 204 (1876) j Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 146 (1878).
Phalacrocorax carlo (L.) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 298 (1876) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 415 ; Scully,
Ibis, 1881, p. 594 ; Sevcrtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 77 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 72 (188o) ; Scully,
J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 88 (1887).
Hr. Scully writes as follows : — “ This Cormorant is, 1 believe, a permanent resident in
^fshgharia — in the plains. The first specimen was obtained on the banks of the Yarkand
^iveL near Tarim Langar. In the beginning of August I found these birds quite common at
ungtash, near Kargbalik. They were then nearly always seen in parties of five, sitting on
top of a mud cliff— often thirty feet high— immediately overlooking the water below, one
0f party acting as sentinel. The favourite posts of the Cormorants could be easily recog-
^1Zed about the place — spots worn into a sort of dome shape by their tails, and always near
e edge of the cliff. In sitting these birds rest on their feet and the stiff feathers of their
.aiK the tail being spead out to form a sort of hollow half-cone. When they fly the neck
ls stretched forward like a goose. On one occasion I saw a Cormorant sitting near the
liter’s edge, apparently watching intently for a fish ; I shot the bird just as it rose, and it
^biediately dived into tbe water, reappearing again, however in a few seconds as it was
0l'tally wounded. The Turki name for this Cormorant is ‘ Kara Ghaz,’ ‘the Black Goose.’
Order ANSERES.
Eamily AY AT I DAI.
Subfamily ANSE RINAS.
Geuus CYGNUS.
^Arntjs olob.
Gyjnus olor , Gm.j Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 416; Scully, Str. P. iv.
P- 197 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 99 (1878).
“The Swan,” writes Dr. Scully, “ was often mentioned to me as being plentiful in Lob
s . to^ards Aksu; captive individuals of this species were seen at Kashghar in November,
in a pond at the Shrine of Hazrat Apak. The Turki name for the species is
v ’
128
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus ANSER.
291. Anser albierons.
Anser albifrons, Bechst. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 418,
East. Persia, ii. p. 303 (1876) ; Hume & Marsh. Game Birds Ind. iii. p. 73.
Nos. 1319, 1320. Kashghar, Eebruary 1874. “ Sent by the King.”
Scully
Str-
292. Anser cinereus.
Anser cinereus, Meyer; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 418;
F. iv. p. 197 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 95 (1878) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp- F
(1885). tick
Colonel Biddulph writes to us : — “ There was a large swamp outside Yarkand, va. ^ -t
when wre arrived in November, there were huge flocks of this species; but I never
anywhere else, and they were not about Kashghar anywhere during the winter.” naI
Dr. Scully has published the following note : — “ The Grey Lag Goose is a se^_ ^,aS
visitant to Kasligharia, where it breeds. The first specimen of this species which I 8° 0
shot near Yarkand on the 28th Eebruary ; in the early part of March they were
flying over the Eort at Yarkand and going straight north. The bird is said to breec P
fully near Maralbashi, but not in the immediate vicinity of Yarkand; young bn’ s ^
captured about the beginning of June. Two eggs of Anser cinereus (laid by a captive
with cut wings) were obtained on the 1st and 12th of June. They are spotless win e> ^
an ivory tinge ; glossless or faintly glossy in parts, and of a compact texture. In sbap® ^ ^
are moderately long ovals, broadest about the centre, and measure 337 by 2’33 aD. jjjrds,
by 2’21. It was curious to observe how readily birds of this species got tame; even 0
wbo had only had their wings broken by a bullet, soon became quite friendly and fdD1
The Turks call this Goose by the Persian name ‘ Ghaz.’ ”
293. Anser indicus.
Anser indicus (Lath.) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 419; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii- P .g
Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 99; Hume & Marsh. Game Birds Ind. iii. p. 81 (1880) ; Severtz- } ’
p. 76.
Anser skorniakovi, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 70, 149 (1873).
No. 1594. Aktash, May 5, 1874.
07 (18^ ;
97 ^ 1883,
back
in
Colonel Biddulph says: — “I saw this on the small Pamir Lakes on our way erJlbei’
May, and also all along the Aktash stream in the same month, but cannot i’e
observing them anywhere else on the journey.”
Subfamily ANA TINsE.
Genus TAD ORN A.
294. Tadorna casarca. .. go3
* ll* P*
Casarca rutila (Pall.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 296 (1873) ; Blanf. East. Perl^’ . llu1IlC
(1876) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 198 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. P- 1^0 (1
AYES.
129
& Marsh. Game Birds of India, iii. p. 123 (1880) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 99; C. Swmh. Ibis, 1882,
p. 121 ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 89 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 91 (1889).
Anas rutila, Severtz. Turlcest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873).
Tadorna rutila, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 419.
Tudorna casarca (L.) ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 76 ; Oates in Hume’s Nests and Eggs, iii. p. 286 (1890).
Dr. Henderson writes “ Tlie Brahminy Duck or Ruddy Sheldrake was first noticed at
Dte hot springs above Gokra, at an elevation of 16,000 feet ; there they were seen on the
small lakes at the salt plain, and all along the Karakash River. The young were at that
tittle (July) scarcely able to fly; when approached, the mother made them all dive by
swimniing and flapping on to each of them as soon as it showed itself above the water. The
ttiother also pretended to he wounded, and lay on the water every now and then, with wings
sPread out as if unable to fly. All along the Karakash Valley, and also on the high table-
Wd wherever there was water overhung by cliffs, there numbers of Brahminy Ducks with
broods of young ones were seen, and holes in these cliffs plastered over with dioppings weie
P°inted out by the Kirghiz as the places in which they had bred. The local name is
ttgooroo ngaugpa.’ ”
Hr. Scully gives the following note “ The Ruddy Sheldrake was observed in the plains
Kashgharia in the beginning of winter, and from March to August it was exceedingly
Plentiful in the lakes and swamps of Sughucliak, near Yarkand. Many young birds were
^ttable to flv, usually swimming about with the old female bird. In July I saw a party of
tibout ten of these Ducks among some rushes ; they had a sentinel bird placed at some little
distance from the main flock, and on seeing me approach he gave a sort of warning cry which
Sfi(,med to put his party on the alert ; when I got a few steps nearer the watcher gave a loud
Scream and flew up, followed by the rest of the party. This bird seems to walk very easily on
rJT land, and always in a curiously erect manner. The Yarkandis say that this species migrates
0 India in winter, and that the eggs are laid in some dry place away from water ; as soon
as the young bird emerges from the egg, the mother seizes it and puts it into the watei.
tie Turki name for the Brahminy Duck is 4 j Hangghut,’ pronounced ‘ Hangat.
Colonel Biddulph noticed one of these Sheldrakes going into a hole in precipitous cliffs
a 0llt a hundred feet above the Sarikol plain on the 11th of May, and believes that the species
as breeding there.
Genus BRANT A.
BliANTA RUFINA.
Br™ta rufina (Pall.) ; Scully, Str. P. iv. p. 201 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 100 ; Hume & Marsh.
Game-Birds of India, iii. p. 253, pi. 34; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 90 (1889).
Fuliffulu rufina, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p, 421 ; Blanf. East, lersia,
h- p. 301 (1876) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 125.
^let with by Dr. Scully, who says that it was not observed in winter, hut was very
0 trim on near Yarkand during the summer. It is only a seasonal visitant to Kashgharia,
W lere it breeds. The Turki name is “ Kizil lash aurdak” i. e. the “ Red-headed Duck.”
s
130
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
296. Clangula glaucion.
Genus CLANGULA.
Clangula glaucion, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 421 ;
v. Blanf. "Ea8*-
Persia, ii. p. 302 (1876) ; Hume & Marsh. Game Birds of India, iii. p. 285, pi. 38 (1880) ; Sculb>
J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 89 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soe. (2) Zool. v. p. 91 (1889).
Bucephalus clangula, Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 106 (1878).
No. 1318, ? . Kashghar, February 1874. (Sent by the King.) «
Nos. *1591, 1592, 8 . Lake Sirikul, Pamir, May 1, 1874. — *Sex, male. Length 1
inches, wing 935, tail 4, tarsus 1*65; expanse 32; bill from front l-3, from gaPe
Iris yellow ; bill greenish black ; feet reddish yellow, soles silky brown. Middle
2-9, hind toe 0-8.
Genus ANAS.
297. Anas boscas.
Anas boschas, L. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 419; Blanf.
Persia, ii. p. 300 (1876) ; Scully, Str. E. iv. p. 199 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. in-P-
(1878) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 124; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 72 (1885).
Anas boscas, Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 99; Scully, t. c. p. 592.
No. 1169, 8 . Kashghar, December 20, 1873. {Captain Trotter.)
Nos. 1199, 1200, 8 $ . Kashghar, January 1874. (Sent by the King.)
“ The Mallard,” writes Dr. Scully, “ occurs in great numbers in Kashgharia during ^
whole winter, when it is decidedly the commonest of the Duck tribe. In spring and sUlUl^ie
it seemed to be less plentiful ; but this may perhaps have been because it was cast in ^
shade by the great variety of other Ducks and Teal then breeding about Yarkand- ^
A arkandis say that of the twenty odd species of Duck which they discriminate, the
is the only permanent resident in the vicinity of Kashghar and Yarkand, breeding in
TheTurkinameof the Mallard is ‘ Aur dak,' which means simply ‘Duck,’ and it is someti
distinguished as ‘ Sun ’ or Sana aur dak.' ” ,
Dr. Stoliczka found this species breeding in the jheel near Yarkand on the 24th ox 1
Genus QUERQUEDULA.
298. Queiiqttedtjla crecca.
Anas crecca, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 419; Scully, IblS' 188
p. 593; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 76; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 88 (1887). , 4l9;
Querquedula crecca, Hume & Ilenders. Lahore to Yark. p. 297 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, P
Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 301 (1876); Scully, Str. E. iv. p. 200 (1876) ; Prjev. in R°wley ^dd.
Misc. iii. p. 104 (1878) ; Hume & Marshall, Game Birds of India, iii. p. 205, pi. 27 (1880) 7 ggp).
Ibis, 1881, p. 100 ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 124 ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p- 91 <■
No. 827, $ . Shahidula, October 19, 1873.
No. 1532, $ . Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
-*r \jO 0^
“ The Common Teal,” writes Dr. Henderson, “ was never seen either on the way ^ ^
in Yarkand ; the first specimen was met with on the return journey, near the hot spi‘lD-
AYES.
131
seen ^ a* au elevation of between 15,000 and 16,000 feet. Later, in October, they were
bi'eecl 11 f 6 ^n^US’ near heir, and at Kargil, also in Ladak. Probably this species does not
,. ar soutl) as Yarkand, and the birds seen on the return journey were doubtless
° ^heir winter-quarters in Hindostan.”
Nove i' eu%’s n°te is as follows : — “ The Common Teal was only obtained at Kaslighar in
be<*h • 61 * ’^ughuckak near Yarkand, by Mr. Shaw, in January, and at Beshkant in the
given f °f February. I was told that it migrated northwards to breed. The Turki name
^ork l)1' tU!'S si3ec3es was 4 Ala bash kurak aurdak ,’ which means the 4 Mottle-headed Patch-
CIRCIA.
^UBRQxjeI)TJLA
q °S yue"Juedula, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873).
er(juedula circia, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 419; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 301 (1876) ; Scully, Str. P. iv.
j1' (1376) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 103 (1878) ; Bitld. Ibis, 1881, p. 100 ; C. Swinh.
is, 1882, p. 125 ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 76 ; Menzb. Ibis, 1885, p. 358.
circia, Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 593.
No fi5o
]yo' * 5 5 • Leh, September 9, 1873.
No ^ ' hamsal, September 23, 1873.
' Ia26> c? . Punjab, April 14-23, 1874.
says ^°ne\ -^iddulph shot a male in breeding-plumage on the 8th of May, 1874, and he
that this m1^ WaS tlie °nly occasi°n on which he observed the species. Dr. Scully states
name ^ l ea^ was common near Yarkand, in summer, where it doubtless breeds. The Turki
given to it is “ Karak aurdak ,” or “ Patchwork Duck.”
Genus DAPILA.
80°- D«n.A aouta.
Dafiia CUfa> ^evei’tz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 593.
(L.j . Seull^ str. p. ;v. p. 200 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 301 (1876) ; Dresser, Ibis,
’ P‘ ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 101 (1878) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 100.
in MarC|fTlly,S Uote is as follows “ The Pintail Duck was occasionally seen near Yarkand
catchers on^ one specimen (a female) was obtained. Two experienced Yarkandi bird-
pied, bla T 6 me ' he following information about this species : — The male bird is 4 ala,’ i. e.
and ’mi ° v and white ; it is a seasonal visitant only to Eastern Turkestan, arriving in spring,
°f Marbll •' t0 htindosttm at the beginning of winter, and it breeds in the neighbourhood
aski, Laying from ten to twelve eggs. It is called in Turki 4 Cha sughsu aurdak .’ ”
301 Ch Genus CHAULELASMUS.
Ch AUL]j]IjASMUS STREPERTJS.
*^410 1 US StrePerus (L-) 1 Hume & Headers. Lahore to Yark. p. 296 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876,
p , ’ thjev. iu Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 105 (1878) ; Hume & Marsh. Game Birds of India, iii.
Anas Sfr ’ fh (1880) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 91 (1889).
Ibises0' Severtz- Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 301 (1876) ; C. Swinh.
5 P- 124; Menzb. Ibis, 1885, p. 357; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 88 (1887)-
s 2
132
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Two Gadwalls were killed by Dr. Henderson on the 31st of October at Ganderbal m
Kashmir, and many others were seen at the same time. They were not previously noticed.
Genus SPATULA.
302. Spatula clypeata.
Anas clypeata, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; id. Ibis, 1883, p. 76. .
Spatula clypeata, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 340; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 301 (1876); Scully, Str. • jv
p. 199 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 105 (1878) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 99; Scu D
ibid. p. 592; Hume & Marsh. Game Birds of India, iii. p. 142, pi. 19 (1880) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1 '
p. 124; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 72 (1885) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. )>• 91
No. 1171, $ . Kashghar, December 20, 1873.
No. 1174, ? . Kashghar, December 22, 1873.
No. 1448, c? . Tashkiirghan, March 31, 1874.
No. 1530. Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
Dr. Scully writes : — “ Two specimens of the Shoveller, a female and a male,
preserved at Kashghar in November and December. According to Yarkandi accounts v
few of these birds remain in the country during the winter, the vast majority of 1 ^
migrating to India. They breed during the summer in the north of Kashgharia, about ^
neighbourhood of Maralbashi, and are said to collect for a short time near Yarkand, )v
the cold sets in, previous to their migration southwards. The Turki name for the sp cdcS
given as c Kanalc aurdah .’ ”
Genus FULIGULA.
303. Euligula eerina.
Fuligula ferina, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 420; ^
Persia, ii. p. 302 (1876).
Aythya ferina, Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Mise. iii. p. 106 (1878).
No. 1442, ? . Tashkurghan, March 31, 1874.
Genus NYROCA.
304. Nyroca eerruginea.
Fuligula leucophthalma, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873).
Nyroca ferruginea, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 421. . ]g83,
Fuligula nyroca, Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 302 (1876) ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 593; Severtz, This,
p. 77; Menzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 358; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 89 (1887). . } gO?
Aythya nyroca (Guld.) ; Hume & Ilenders. Lahore to Yark. p. 297 (1873) ; Scully, Str. !• iv- I
(1876). i
Yarkan i. e. the Variegated Goose-Duck.”
Its Turki name is ‘ Ala
Genus MERGELLUS.
^ MergelLTJS albellus.
Fergus albellus, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 421 ; Blanf. East. Persia,
h. p. 303 (1876); Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 108 (1878); Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. /6;
Scully, J. A. S. Beng. Ivi. p. 89 (1887).
Mergellus albellus, Scully, Str. E. iv. p. 202 (1876) ; Hume & Marsh. Game Birds of India, iii. p. 293,
Pi 39 (1880) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 125 ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 92 (1889).
Ho. 1177, 2 . Kashghar, December 24, 1873.
“ Tl ^ate<^ Hr. Stoliczka’s diary to have been caught with a Hawk. Dr. Scully writes .
a le Smew was occasionally seen near Yarkand in the winter, but only one specimen,
f, eBiale, was obtained in February, near the Yarkand Diver, which was then completely
rozen over.”
134
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Order GAVIiE.
Eamily LARIDiE.
Genus LARUS.
307. Larus ichthyaetus.
Gavia ichthyaetus (Pall.), Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873). g
Larus ichthyaetus. Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 415 ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 292 (1876) ; Saunders, P-
1878, p. 198; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 109 (1878).
No. 1175. Kashghar, December 23, 1873. “ Sent as a present from the King.”
No. 1529. Panjah, April 14, 1874.
Both are immature specimens, attaining the adult grey plumage.
308. Larus brunneicephalus.
F*
Xema brunneicephala (Jerd.), Hume & Renders. Lahore to Yark. p. 300, pi. 32 (1873); Scully* Stl'
iv. p. 203 (1876).
Larus brunneicephalus, Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 77.
Chroicocephalus brunneicephalus, Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 109 (1878).
Dr. Henderson says that this Gull was very abundant in July, at an elevation of ^
15,000 feet, in a small stream running down from Chagra into the Pangong Lake,
the Expedition returned in October the majority had disappeared. . ^
Dr. Scully writes : “ A few birds of this species were observed at Kashghar i*1 ^
(November and December) fishing over the streams and ponds ; and again in January n
Sughlak. The Turki name of this Gull is “ Ghorfci.’ ”
309. Larus ridibundus.
Xema riclibunda (L.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 301 (1873).
Larus ridibundus, Elanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 292 (1876) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 415
p. 594; id. J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 88 (1887).
Gavia ridibunda, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873).
Dr. Henderson says that thousands of this species were fishing in
Kashmir, in November 1870.
; Scully,
Ibis,
188b
the Wular
Lake’
310. Larus argentatus.
299
Larus argentatus , Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. P
(1873) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 290 (1876).
Larus leucophceus, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 415.
Dr. Henderson obtained two specimens early in November in the Wular Lake, KaS^
AYES.
135
0-1 -i Genus STERNA.
Sterna tibetana .
&ierna ftuviatilis, Hume & Heuders. Lahore to Yark. p. 303 (1873) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 203 (1876).
Sterna tibetana, Saunders, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 649.
■ Sterna hirundo, Scvcrtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 77.
N°S- 1701, 1785, 1787. Yarkand, May 21-25, 1874.— Iris red.
In kis ‘ Diary ’ Dr. Stoliczka mentions his finding this Tern breeding in a jheel near
arljand in May.
. ^r. Henderson found the species very abundant in August in Yarkand, and he also met
a it at Lukung near the Pangong Lake, in which neighbourhood it also probably breeds.
. Dr* Scully writes : — “ This Tern arrives in the plains of Eastern Turkestan in April, and
'grates about September ; it breeds in June. This species was exceedingly numerous about
arkand, fishing over pools, marshes, rice-fields, and inundated fields ; its principal food
j consist of a small fish which occurs very plentifully in Kashgharia, called “ Tini
a lk- This bird has a harsh shrill cry, and is called in Turki ‘ Balalcclii ,’ the ‘ Eisher.’ ”
^TERNA minuta.
Sternula minuta (L.) ; Hume & Heuders. Lahore to Yark. p. 303 (1873); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn.
P- 70 (1873) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 294 (1876) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 204 (1876) ; Dresser, Ibis,
1876, p. 416.
Sterna minuta, Scully, J. A. S. Beng. Ivi. p. 88 (1887).
Common in Yarkand, according to Dr. Henderson.
"This Tern,” says Dr. Scully, “was frequently observed throughout the months of June
July in the neighbourhood of Yarkand. It associated with Sterna tibetana , but was very
arid ’ ^SS numcr°us than that species. It is a seasonal visitant only to Eastern Turkestan,
lug about May and leaving certainly before the beginning of October. It breeds
gharia, where it is known by the name of * Balalcclii ,’ the ‘ Eisher.’ ”
in
_ Genus HYDEOCHELIDON.
HydrocheliDON hybrida.
H ydi'ochelidon indica, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 301 (1873) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc.
Hi. p. 145 (1878).
ydfochelidon leucopareius, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873).
yd' ochelidon hybrida, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 416; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 640; Blanf. East. Persia,
P- 294 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 102; Scully, t. c. p. 594.
180, 181. Wular Lake, near Srinagar, July 26, 1873.
°s‘ -208, 211. Srinagar, July 29, 1873.
°h Stoliczka’s ‘ Diary ’ contains a note on the 26th of July, on the breeding of this Tern
Ly fc,e ^ uHr Lake, where he found nests with one or two eggs. “ Sometimes it is said to
iatf. i lee’ men assured me there are already many young, and this is perhaps a case of
e deeding.”
Tv o
cW +1'- ®-eaderson states that this species was very common in Kashmir in June, breeding
to Srinagar.
136
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Order LIMICOLiE.
Eamily PAE/RIDAI
Genus HYDROPH ASI ANUS.
314. Hydroptiasianus chirurgus.
Ilydrophasianus sinensis (Gm.) ; Hume & Headers. Lahore to Yark. p. 290 (1873).
Nos. 171-174, 176. Wular Lake, Kashmir, July 26, 1873. 2;
No. 262, 1609, ? . Sarikol, May 9, 1874.— Length 7’9 inches, wing 5 32, tail 2 2, tarsus P35.
Iris brown ; bill black ; feet ashy black, more silvery ashy on the tarsi than on the toes.
Ovary contained one large and several smaller eggs. W ould have laid in about a
Week.
IblO, d1 . — Length 7'6 inches, wing 5T5, tail 2T, tarsus 1'35. Not common; passing
through.
1603, 1648, 1651. Sarikol, May 9 and 10, 1874.
T
138
SECOND YABKAND MISSION.
Dr. Stoliczka states in his ‘ Diary ’ that this species was not uncommon at Sarikol, an
apparently bred in the neighbourhood. Colonel Biddulph states that he met with this speci®5
at Tashkurghan on the 8th of May. Dr. Henderson writes : — “ This species was first met nj ^
on the 19tli of July at the hot springs above Gokra, at an elevation of 16,000 feet. A e
were seen on the Salt Plain on the 29tli of July, and after that the birds were found in Pa. ^
all along the Karakash Diver. They were not very numerous, hut a certain number of Pa^
were met with each day. Not a single bird was seen on the return journey in September a^
the early part of October. Gokra was reached on the 5th of that month, so that ere this ^
young birds must have been sufficiently advanced to leave along with the parents f01
distant Indian coasts.”
Yark
in
Genus VANELLUS.
320. Vanellus cbjstatus.
Vanellus cristatus (Meyer) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873) ; Hume & Henders. Lalioic to
p. 286 (1873) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 186 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 280 (1876) ; ^3® ‘
Rowley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 4*33 (1877) ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 68 (1885) ; Scully, J. A-
lvi. p. 87 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 88 (1889).
Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst. ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 328; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 94; Scully, ibid, p- 0
Nos. 991, 1042. Yarkand, November 10-27, 1873.
Nos. 1129, 1130. Kaslighar, December 10, 1873.
No. 1223. Kaslighar, January 22, 1874.
No. 1778. Yarkand, May 24, 1874. ^
Colonel Biddulph writes ; — “ Not very common. I shot single birds at Sanju 1
Kashghar, and saw others, but never in flocks, whilst travelling about the plains countiy-
did not notice them in the hills.” 0£
Dr. Henderson obtained specimens in the plains between Karghalik and the c^0nt
Yarkand. He says that they seemed to be very abundant in'" all marshy places throtu
the plains of Yarkand. iVTArcb
“ The Lapwing,” writes Dr. Scully, “ was exceedingly common in the plains from '
to December, but was not observed in January or February. It frequented marshy S ^
and the vicinity of streams, generally in flocks. It breeds in April and May ; and I n° 0f
in the beginning of June that these birds often circled round and round over one ln<^ar]-j
grass, uttering their plaintive cry and evidently solicitous about their young.
name for the Peewit is ‘ Cheman * (i. e. { Chaman,’ Persian, * walking haughtily ’)• . , 0p
Near Yarkand Dr. Stoliczka found the Lapwing breeding, and procured young 131
the 27th of May, which were fully a week old.
321. Chetttjsia gkegaria.
Genus CHETTUSIA.
Vanellus gr eg arius, Pall. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873).
Chettusia gregaria, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 328; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 95; Scully, t. c. p-
Ois. Transcasp. p. 68 (1885).
No. 1457. Panjali, April 13, 1874.
58 7;
Zai’ucln'
“ Saw four of them.”
AYES.
139
^0:biVANELLUS
Genus LOBIVANELLUS.
Lobi,
INDICUS.
wanellus indicus (Bodd.) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 281 (1876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 95.
°Sl 242. Srinagar, August 1, 1873.
GSxareola
Glureola
Eamily GLAItEOLIDiE.
Genus GLAREOLA.
PRATINCOLA.
No
N
pratincola (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 328 ; Blanf.
hast- Persia, ii. p. 282 (1876).
dumber. Sarikol, May 9, 1874. — Bill black, coral-red at lower and lateral base and
^igle; feei; asfLy brown; iris brown. Length 10'1 inches, wing 7 '6, tail DO,
T tarsus 1-25.
0 number. Sarikol, May 9, 1874.
Pau killed on the large plain ; they were sitting on the grass near water.
Eamily SCOLOPACIM.
Genus STREPSILAS.
INTERPBES
8trEPSILAS
titrepsii * C0^ar^s> Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873).
aS '"^erJr>'es (L.) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 281 (1876) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 328.
number. Nubra Valley, October 1873 {Dr. Bellew).
Genus CALIDRIS.
AREN ARIA.
825-cttn)sra
() dlL] arenaria, Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 188 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 283 (1876).
^ arkand ir^r?" s^es that a specimen of the Sanderling was shot at Sughuchak, near
^°t’ders of , cto':)er 5 about half a dozen of these birds were observed on the same day on the
The bhd^11^8’ assocndud with Tringa subcirquata.
^^atim, t !? caHed “ Yamghurchi ” by the Yarkandis, and is said to breed in Kashgharia,
b s°ntk\vards in winter.
140
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus TOT AN US.
326. Totanus canescens.
Tutanus glottis, Hume & Hcnders. Lahore to Yark. p. 290 (1873) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (18/ ’
Prjev. in Rowley’s Orm Misc. iii. p. 88 (1878) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 97 ; Scully, t. c. p. o8^-
Totanus canescens, Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 189 (1876) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 411.
No. 604. Leh, August 31, 1873.
No. 740. East of Tanksi, September 18, 1873.
Dr. Henderson obtained a specimen on tlie 1st of September close to the city of Y ar v<
itself. j^s
Dr. Scully observes : — “The Yarkandi bird-catchers give the following account o ^
species : It is always found either near running water or near pools and swamps ; it disapP^^
entirely in winter, but breeds in Eastern Turkestan in summer ; the nest is placed m n£Ltae
grass in the midst of water and the eggs are nearly as large as a pigeon’s. The Turki ^ ^
for the Greenslianks is ‘ Mashak yanigfmrchi ,’ which may be rendered in Erench bv
pluvier.’ ”
327. Totanus cauidris.
F.
Totanus calidris, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 412; Scully* ^igyS) i
p. 189 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 285 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii- P- ^
Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 97 ; Scully, ibid. p. 589.
No. 1017. Yarkand, November 13, 1873.
No. 1025. Yarkand, November 14, 1873.
No. 1049. Yarkand, November 23, 1873.
No. 1809. Karghalik, May 29, 1874.
No. 1813. Karghalik, May 29, 1874. — With the eggs. .
nhtaineci
Dr. Scully gives the following note : — “ The first specimen of the Redshank was o ^
at Kashghar in November, where it was tolerably common. After that it was not niet
until March ; and in May and June this species swarmed everywhere near water in the ^
of Yarkand. The bird was also found in the valley of the Karakash towards the e
August.” o9tll of
Dr. Stoliczka found it breeding near Yarkand on the 22nd of May, and on the y^r[s.
May, writing from Karghalik, notes in his ‘ Diary ’ : — “I also found the nest of Totanus cct
a very loose structure of old grass or dry reeds, in water about a foot deep; nest wi
eggs.
Young fully developed and would have been hatched in a couple of days.
328. Totanus fuscus. nrtR\ .
985
Totanus fuscus (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873); Blanf. East. Persia, u. P- "
Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 411 ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 88 (1878).
No. 1600. Sarikol, May 9, 1874. , „ 0f
A specimen putting on the lull black plumage, but still with considerable lCltia
winter plumage.
AYES.
141
^9- Totanus glareola.
Totanus glareola, L.; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 412; Blanf.
East. Persia, ii. p. 285 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 88 (1878) ; Scully, Ibis, 1881,
P- 589; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 69 (1885).
Aetitis glareola, Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 96.
J?0, 826- Shahidfila, October 19, 1873.
°- 1005. Yarkand, November 11, 1873.
^^0- Totanus ochropus.
Actitis ochropus (L.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 289 (1873) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69
(1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 412 ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 188 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii.
P- 285 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 87 (1878) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 96.
Totanus ochropus, Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 589 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 70 (1885) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng.
b'i. p. 87 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 89 (1889).
240. Srinagar, August 1, 1873.
467. Kargil, Ladak, August 19, 1873.
No- 632, $ imm. Leh, September 5, 1873.— Iris dark brown ; bill greenish horny black ;
feet greenish, with a slight bluish tinge. Length 9‘6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2'25,
tarsus 1-5.
670. Leh, September 10, 1873.
°- 737. East of Tanksi, September 18, 1873.
,.°. ^114. Yarkand, November 13, 1873. — 44 Belakchi.”
°- 1284. ICashghar, January 31, 1874.
^ Bdis species,” says Dr. Scully, “ was very common near Kashghar during the first
M. ^ie winter, and was often seen at Yarkand near streams, pools, and swamps from
u August. During the latter month it was met with in suitable localities in the hills
fin ° a^°Ut -*-3,000 feet. In common with so many other waders, it is called by the Kash-
eo; 1 laUS * IA mg Iiurchi,* 4 the rainy one ’ ( Pluvialis ) ; but the professional bird-catchers of the
Ulfiy distinguished it as 4 Zagharak .’ ”
_ Genus TRINGOIDES.
331. T^t
niNGOIDES HYPOLEUCUS.
jtomui hypoleucus, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 18/6, p. 411.
Ctltis hypoleucus (L.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 289 (1873) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 188
TV (1876)-
ring aides hypoleucus, Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 285 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 89
(1878) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 71 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 97 ; Scully, ibid. p. 589; Zarudn.
0ls- Transcasp. p. 70 (1885) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 87 (1887).
X°‘ n^6' Souamarg> August 10, 1873.
' 9o1- Bora, November 11, 1873.
t0 Dr- Soully’ the 44 Common Sandpiper was not obtained in the plains of
a laiia, but was often observed on the return journey in August near the pebbly banks
142
SECOND YAKKAND MISSION.
of the Arpalak and Sanju streams. Further up, in the mountains, it was seen daily along
hanks of the Karakash river and on small swamps near that stream. The occurrence of the
young bird, noted above, at Gulgun Shah seems to prove that this species breeds in Eastern
Turkestan.”
Genus HIM ANTOPUS.
332. ITimantoptjs meeanopterus.
Ilypsibates hirnantopus, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. G9 (1873).
Himantopus intermedins, Blyth ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 190 (1876).
Hirnantopus Candidas, Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 286 (1876); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 329; Pi’jeV‘ 11
Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 89 (1878) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 99 ; Scully, ibid. p. 590 ; id. J. A. S. R611*
lvi. p. 87 (1887).
Dr. Scully writes : — ■“ The Stilt is a seasonal visitant to the plains of Eastern Turkestan*
where it breeds. It arrives in May and probably leaves about the end of September ; it
never seen in winter. Near Yarkand in summer the birds were found in enormous numhelS’
frequenting small salt pools, little lakes, and marshy ground. In June I noticed that "'u<^
these birds were disturbed they used to hover over one and could therefore be very eaS^
shot. The cry of this bird is a kind of plaintive, but shrill sound, something like crele, cl °y
in flying about they were often mixed up with the Terns, Sterna fluviatilis and Ster lil
minuta. The Turki name for this species is ‘ Kakhshal pachalc,’ ‘ Stilt ’ (?) leg.”
Genus MACHETES.
333. Machetes pugnax.
Philomachus pugnax (L.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 287 (1873). qtq
Machetes pugnax, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 410 ; Bidd. Ibis, ^
p. 96 ; Scully, t. c. p. 588 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 70 (1885) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng- b**
(1887).
Tring a pugnax, Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 284 (1876).
No. 1524. Panjah, April 14-23, 1874.
Dr. Henderson states that this species was very common in the immediate neighboui
of the city of Yarkand, where they undoubtedly breed.
Genus TRINGA.
334. TRINGA S1IBARQUATA.
Tringa subarquata (Gm.) ; Hume & Headers. Lahore to Yark. p. 288 (1873) ; Severtz. Turkest. -
p. 69 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 411 ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 187 (1876) ; Blanf. East.
p. 284 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 90 (1878) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p- 96 ; a
Ois. Transcasp. p. 70 (1885).
No. 830. Upper Karakash, October 1873 ( Colonel Biddulpli).
AYES.
143
. ^r- Henderson says that this species was common in the marshes in the immediate
aeighbourhood of Yarkand. Dr. Scully shot two specimens in October, in marshy ground,
of Yarkand, where it was common. It is said by him to breed in Eastern Turkestan,
heating in winter towards India. Called by natives of Khokand, “ Kugnak”
^35. Trixga alpina.
T^in9a cinclus, Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 187 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 283 (1876).
r.^nya a,IJina, L. ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 411 ; Seebohm, Geogr. Distr. Charadr. p. 425 (1888).
lnn,Jr" Scully says : — “ This species was obtained at ICashghar, where it was not very
ttton, in October. It is said to breed in Eastern Turkestan and to disappear entirely in
111 er’ migrating, it is believed, to India.”
336- Thin
GA TEMMINCKII.
rp .
' n"Ja temminckii (Leisl.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 289 (1873) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn.
p. 69 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 411; Prjev. in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 90 (1878) ; Bidd.
Ibis, 1881, p. 96 ; Scully, t. c. p. 589 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 70 (1885).
°- 633, cj , Leh, September 5, 1873. — Bill greenish at base, blackish towards the tip ;
leet greenish, dusky on the toes. Length 5-75 inches, wing 4'0, tail D8, tarsus 0-7o.
t°sA>15, 654. Leh, September 7-9, 1873.
°- '64. Lukung, September 20, 1873.
' °- 862. Gidjik, October 24, 1873.
0s- 1705, 1712, 1714. Yarkand, May 22, 1874.
above^. mentions in his ‘ Diary ’ that he found “ a little Tringa,” which should be the
ever sPfcles» breeding in a jheel near Yarkand on the 22nd of May. The only eggs, how-
Rj(l j 110,1 I could find in the collection appear to he those of JEgialitis clubia. Colonel
c 11 ph shot a specimen at Leh (11,000 feet) on the 7th of September.
W MINUTA.
^ •
lnya minuta, Leisl. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 410 ; Blanf. East.
Persia, ii. p. 034 (J876) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 96 ; Scully, t. c. p. 588 ; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp.
P- 70 (1885).
At
S- 10o3, 1079, 1080. Yarkand, November 21-28, 1873.
ggg Genus SCOLOPAX.
COLOPAX KUSTICTTLA.
hjpax rusticola, L. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 282 (1876);
s DresseL Ibis, 1876, p. 330.
v- ° °pax msticula, Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 95 ; Scully, t. c. p. 588 ; id. J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 87 (1887).
°- 1000. Yarkand, November 11, 1873.
144
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Genus GALLINAGO.
339. Gallinago scolopacinus.
Gallinayo scolopacinus, Bp. ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 186 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p- _ jfp
Prjev. in Rowley's Orn. Misc. iii. p. 90 (1878) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 95 ; Scully, ibid, p- 5 ’
J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 87 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 89 (1889).
Scolopax gal.linago (L.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 330; Zaru n
Transcasp. p. 70 (1885).
No. 603. Leli, August 31, 1873. ^
“ The Common Snipe,” says Dr. Scully, “ was tolerably numerous in the neighbourhoo^
Yarkand in summer, where it was ascertained to breed ; the bird was never observed iu
It was found in the neighbourhood of marshy ground and inundated fields. The Tuiki
for the Snipe is ‘ Mahramchi ,’ ‘ the solitary one.’ ”
340. Gallinago stenttra.
Gallinayo sthenura (Bp.) ; Hume & Marsh. Game Birds Ind. iii. p. 339, pi. (1880).
Scolopax stenura, Seebohm, Geogr. Distr. Charadr. p. 477 (1887).
No. 606. Leh, August 31, 1873.
No. 741. East of Tanksi, September 18, 1873.
341. Gallinago solitaria. ,
Kowley s
Gallinayo solitaria (Hodgs.) ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p.286 (1873); Prjev. 1 pri.
Orn. Misc. iii. p. 91 (1878) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 95 ; Scully, t. c. p. 588; id. J. A. S. e
p. 87 (1887).
No. 709. Tanksi, September 9, 1873.
Nos. 923, 924. Sanju, November 1, 1873.
v> Chitf11'9^’
Colonel Biddulpli writes : — “ I shot one on the south side of the Sakti Pass, neai
and we shot several along the stream in the narrow valley (13,500 feet) leading f1 0111
to the Pangong Lake. I also saw one between Sarhad and Panjah in Wakhan.’
AYES.
145
Order FULICARLE.
Family OTIDIDiE.
Genus OTIS.
3l2' °TIS TETRAX.
tetrdsc, L. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873); Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 326; Scully, Str. F. iv.
P- 184 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 287 (1876); Bicld. Ibis, 1881, p. 94; Scully, ibid. p. 586;
Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 119; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 72; Zarudn. Ois. Transcasp. p. 67 (1885);
Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 87 (1887).
°' 5 . Yangihissar, November 30, 1873. — Length 17'5 inches, wing 10'1, tail 4 25,
tarsus 5; expanse 35-5; bill from front 1, from gape 15; middle toe L7. Iris
} ellow ; bill dusky borny above, paler about the middle of culmen, pale at sides
and below; feet dusky horny, tarsi pale yellow horny. Wings reach within 1'2 inch
of end of tail.
Scully writes : — “A single specimen of the Little Bustard was obtained at Kashghar
trorn°k'ni'ier’ ^ e t>ird is not at all common near Kashghar or Yarkand ; but on the road
eh'U” '/up^latA to Sanju in August, I heard a good deal about it, and at Koshtak I had the
spec‘ C footprints of this bird pointed out to me on the sand. The Turki name for tnis
les *s ' Kwn, tolehosi ,’ i. e. ‘ The Sand Fowl.’ ”
Family BALLLDIE.
343
Genus FULICA.
69
-f1 'Plica atra.
Tt 7*
lCa aira> L. ; Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 293 (1873) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p.
1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 413; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 191 (1876); Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 289
(1876) ; Pijfey. in Rowley’s Orn. M(isc. iii. p. 94 (1878) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 9/ ; Scully, ibid. p. 590 ;
Y Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 122; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. lvi. p. 88 (1887) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc.
^ (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 90 (1889).
■ 911. South of Sanju Pass, October 25, 1873.
Was bp" ^°n’ elevation 11,265 feet. The bird was probably migrating southwards.
obta- ir- Kume adds a note “ It is very remarkable that the only specimen of this Hail
just 59^ ^ K1’- Henderson was caught at the Karatagh Lake, at an elevation of 16,000 feet,
Aiiles south of Toghrasu, on the 24th of September.”
148
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Order PYGOPODES.
Family PODICIPITIDA).
Genus PODICIPES.
349. PODICIPES MINOR.
Podiceps minor (Gm.) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873); Hume & Henders. Lahore to YaA
p. 298 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 413 ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 203 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Eersia’
ii. p. 304 (1876) ; Menzbier, Ibis, 1885, p. 358.
Podiceps philippensis, Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 101.
Podiceps fluviatilis, Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 593; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 125.
Nos. 236, 238. Srinagar, August 1, 1873.
The following notes occur in Dr. Stoliczka’s ‘Diary 5 : —
“ Srinagar, July 26. — Of Podiceps minor I got the eggs. The bird makes a heap of J^e
and water-plants ; it is a rather solid structure, and is about four inches above water,
eggs are dirty white and pointed at both ends. b
“ Srinagar, July 31. — Podiceps minor is breeding a second time, and I got some
eggs.
Dr. Henderson obtained several specimens in June in Kashmir. The Little Grebe V?
observed at Kashghar in November and December by Dr. Scully. The bird was again n°
at Sughuchak in June. The natives assert that the bird breeds near Yarkand, and ca
“ Chumighak,” i. e. “ the Diver.”
350. PODICIPES CRISTATUS.
Podiceps cristatus, L. ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 414; Scully* g
F. iv. p. 203 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 304 (1876) ; Prjev. in Rowley's Orn. Misc- in- P"
(1878)' boUt
l)r. Scully says: — “The Crested Grebe was numerous in the lakes of Sughuchak, 3
twelve miles west of Yarkand, in summer, where it was breeding. The birds were so cl
to approach, however, that I only managed to shoot two, and one of those I lost in the
reeds and rushes into which it fell. The bird was never seen in winter.”
[ 149 ]
APPENDIX.
^vhi ]UrME ^ES very generously presented to the India Office some plates of Indian birds,
P^'.1 ^;|(;1' been prepared for his contemplated work on the Avifauna of the British Asian
pUe‘ I have therefore availed myself of the opportunity to utilize these plates on the
11 occasion, as some of them are excellent examples of Mr. Keuleman’s work.
1- Hieropalco saker. (Plates XVI.-XIX.)
F'llco sacer, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 273 (1788).
terofulco saker, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 417 (1874).
^ Pere give a few remarks on the changes of plumage in the Saker Palcon, based upon
material in the Hume Collection : —
sp&(l °Un0 male. General colour above nearly uniform brown, with somewhat of an ashy
and ° :in<* a s^«pt iudication of rufous margins to the feathers of the lower back and rump
shaded^' ^vdnS'covej-'ts ; the scapulars with a few rounded whitish spots; tail-feathers brown,
tpe a§hy and rather broadly tipped with white, and having the inner weh barred, and
c°Vfcrts ^ r°Undly sP°tted, with rufous or rufous-white ; quills dark brown, the primary-
and 1 ! an<^ se(;on Milvipes appears to get darker on the crown, and the barred appearance on
uack and tail j.v: -x. t - • t - i „ ,
disti n * >■ u j sp11 ^ readily distinguishes adult birds. Young individuals are more difficult to
a t(>n,'i'UJS ’ ^hose of II. saTcer are generally more uniform and those of II. milvipes exhibit
m,ency to become barred.
1 he following
Museum
is a list of the specimens of H. milvipes at present in the British
c- Ad. sk,
b- ad. sk.
¥ inini. s
d • Ad. sk.
e- I aim. sk.
^ ? ad. sk.
9- Ad. sk.
b k. J Uv ,
1 Ad. sk.
'm- JUV. sk.
*■ 5 Ad. sk.
Quetta.
Kitcliik Yailak, Yarkand, Sept. 14.
Yarkand, Feb. 26, 1875 (J. Scully).
Ladak ( Strachey ).
NAY. Himalayas.
Umballa, Feb. 1867 (Dr. Scott).
Nepal.
Nepal.
Tibet, March 1876 (L. Mandelli).
Tibet, May 1875 (L. Mandelli).
Koko-nur (N. Prjevalsky).
Sir O. St. John [P.].
Hr. G. Henderson [C.].
(Type of F. hendersoni).
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Capt. Pinwill [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Hodgson Coll. (Type of
Falco milvipes.)
Hodgson Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Explanation op the Plates op H. safer.
Plate XYI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
Fig. 1. $ juv., Lahore, Dec. 13 (C. H. T. Marshall).
2. ? juv., Sirsa district, Cold Season, 1870-71.
? imm., 2nd year, Sirsa district, Jan. 11, 1871.
Fig. 1. J imm., 2nd year, Sirsa district, Oct. 29, 1870.
2. I ad., Sirsa district, Nov. 1871.
Fig. 1. g ad., Sirsa district, Oct. 17, 1867.
2. $ ad., Sirsa district, March 4, 1870.
2- S^0PS balli. (Plate XX.)
sCpTbZ,balJi Hnmej str- F- 1 407 <1873)-
^ Ul> Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 100 (1875).
The lej'j-'1, desci’iption of the type specimen of S. balli is given in my ‘ Catalogue of Birds.’
scttiewhat dIU ^*Ure has been drawn from the typical example, the right-hand from a
Andaman “ °UnS'er bird in the Hume Collection, procured in September 1874, in South
3.
Cahine
pplchra. (Plate XXI.)
larh^ 1>Vl,C,lra’ Pluoie, Str. F. i. p. 469 (1873), iii. p. 39 (1875).
p pulchra, Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 258 ; id. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 140 (1875).
birds’ (/^arks 0n bhe differences between this form and C. brama, see the ‘Catalogue of
■)• C. pulchra is an inhabitant of Upper Burma.
152
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
1. Heteroglaux blewitti. (Plate XXII.)
Heteroglaux blewitti , Hume, Str. F. i. p. 467 (1873) ; Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 201 (1878) ; Sharpe, Cat. R
Brit. Mus. ii. p. 141 (1875).
This curious Owl is here figured for the first time. It has the general outward
appearance of a Carine, but differs in the structure of the nostrils and other features 0
plumage. It is found in the extreme east of the Central Provinces of India aroun
Sambalpur, &c.
5. GtAreulus letjcotis. (Plate XXIII.)
Garrulus leucotis, Hume, Str. F. ii. pp. 106, 443, 480 (1874) ; Blyth & Wald. B. Burm. p. 89 (1875) >
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 99, pi. iv. (1877) ; Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 39 (1889) •
This fine species of Jay appears to be confined to the pine-forests of Burma.
6. Cyanops incognita. (Plate XXI Y.)
Megalaima incognita, Hume, Str. F. 1874, pp. 442, 486; Wald, in Blyth’s B. Burm. p. 74 (1875).
Megalcema incognita, Hume & Davison, Str. F. vi. pp. 151, 501 (1878) ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 88 (1 ‘ ’
Bingham, t. c. p. 194; id. Str. F. ix. p. 186 (1880).
Cyanops incognita, Oates, Ilandb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 134 (1883) ; Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xix. P' ’
pi. iv. fig. 3 (1891).
This species is only found in Central Tenasserim.
153
LIST OF PLATES.
I. Hierofalco gyrfalco.
II. Scops brucii.
III. Carine bactriana.
IV. Podoces biddulphi.
V. Rhodopechys sanguined.
VI. Carpodacus stoliczkce.
VII. jEyithalus coronatus.
VIII. Leptopcecile sophice.
IX. Tribura major.
X. Phylloscopus tytleri.
XI. Cettia orientalis.
XII.^
V Dendrocopus leucopterus.
AJLJLI. J
XIV. Turtur stoliczkce.
XV. Tetraogallus himalayensis.
XVI.-
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX,
■Hierofalco saker.
XX. Scops balli.
XXI. Carine pulchra.
XXII. Heteroglausc blewitti.
XXIII. Garrulus leucotis.
XXIV. Cyanops incognita.
PI. I.
5
HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO .
PI. II.
SCOPS BRUCH
PI. III.
CARiNE BACTR1ANA.
PI. IV.
PGDGCES BiDDULPHI
RHODOPECHYS SANGUINEUS.
PI. VI.
CARPODACUS STOUCZIO'E
PI. VII.
/EGITHALUS CORONATUS.
PL VIII.
LEPTOPCECILE SOPHI/E
PI. IX,
TRIBURA MAJOR
PHYLLOSCOPUS TYTLERi
PL XI.
CETTIA ORIENTALIS
PI. XII,
DENDROCOPUS LEUCOPTERUS
DENDROCOPUS LEUCOPTERUS
PI. XIV.
PI. XV,
TETRAOGALLUS HIMALAYENSIS
PI. XVI,
J-CX,
•’llejn«,ns Kth .
Ha.nh.art imp
1
HIEROFALCO SAKER
PI. XVII,
HIEROFALCO SAKER
PL XYIII.
HIEROFALCO SAKER .
HIEROFALCO SAKER
PI. XII,
PL XX.
SCOPS BALLI
PI. XXI.
CARINE PULCHRA
PI. XXII
HETEROGLAUX BLEWETTI
GARRULUS LE U C OTIS
*
i
CYANOPS INCOGNITA
*
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OP
the SECOND YARKAND MISSION;
BASED UPON THE COLLECTIONS AND NOTES
OF THE LATE
FERDINAND STOLICZKA, PhD.
REPTILI A AND AMPHIBIA.
BY
W. T. BLANFORD, F.R.S.
fubliohtb bo other of the dobermnent of Inbia.
CALCUTTA:
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING.
1878.
CALCUTTA :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OP GOYERNMENT PRINTING,
8, HASTINGS STREET.
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
REPTILIA.
By W. T. BLANFORD.
■ PHE collection of reptiles made by Dr. Stoliczka during his travels with the second
^ expedition to Eastern Turkestan was small, owing partly to the country traversed not
being rich in forms of animal life, hut still more because of the unfavourable season at which
niany of his journeys were made. The Thian Shan was visited in the depth of winter, and the
Pamir steppes and Wakhan long before the snow had melted, and, under these circumstances,
n° snakes, lizards, or other forms of reptilian life could be found. The bulk of the collection
^ °nsists of specimens procured on the journey from India to Kashghar, in the Punjab hills
leyond Mari (Murree), in Kashmir and in Ladak, and those obtained on the return journey
between. Yarkand and the Karakoram. Of several of the species, fine series have been
°btained.
The only reptiles previously collected in the districts traversed beyond Kashmir were (1)
°Se procured by the Messrs, von Schlagintweit, who, in 1857, obtained one species of lizard,
vUch was described by Dr. Gunther in the Reptiles of British India; (2) by Dr. Stoliczka
lllns°lf> who, when in Ladak in 1865, collected several reptiles, of which Dr. F. Steindachner
hdV(; an account, together with the Reptiles of the Novara Expedition; and (3) a few
specimens obtained by the first expedition to Yarkand in 1870, which were examined and
j escribed by Dr. Anderson in tbe Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1872. The
Was the only collection which included specimens from Turkestan, but, unfortunately, the
Dualities had apparently, in some cases, not been correctly marked on the labels. It is well
11 that there is much confusion in the localities of the specimens collected by the
I KSSrS' von Schlagintweit. Nearly the whole of Dr. Stoliczka’s collections are carefully
a tiled, and in the very few cases in which, from the labels having been omitted or lost,
is doubt as to the original locality of a specimen, this is noted in the subsequent pages
II the list of the specimens collected.
The following is a list of the species of Reptiles hitherto procured from Ladak and the
PP^r Indus valley : —
Lacertilia :
Stellio lixmalayanus. Qymnodactylus stoliczka.
P hrynocephalus theobalcli. Mocoa stoliczka (? —M. laducensis) .
Opiiidia :
Zamenis ventrimaculatus (Z. ladacensis , Anderson).
2
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
It
Tlie last-named is the only species not obtained by Dr. Stoliczka in bis last journey • ^
had, however, previously been procured by him in Spiti (Steindachner, Rept. Nov. Exp-,
All the other species named had also been obtained previously, no additions having
made to the fauna by the present collection. .
The very moderate list of species as yet procured from Eastern Turkestan comprises
following forms : —
Lacertilia :
Stellio stoliczkanm.
Phrynocephalus theobaldi, var. {V . foray tin) .
P. axillaris.
Teraioscincus keyserlingii.
Gymnodacfylus elongatus.
G. microtis.
Premias yaricandensis.
P. vermiculata.
Zamenis ravergieri.
Ophidta :
Tropidonotus
Taphromelopum Imeolatwm.
Of these species, only Ph rynocep halm theobaldi and Eremias yaricandensis had j '
obtained before the country was visited by Dr. Stoliczka ; another species, Cyrl° a
yaricandensis, recorded as having been brought from Yarkand, having really, I believe,
collected in Ladak, and wrongly labelled. ^ them
In the present account the following species are also mentioned, specimens
having been collected by Dr. Stoliczka in the Punjab hills or in Kashmir : — ■
Stellio tuberculalus.
S. agrorensis.
Typhlops porreclus, var.
Compsosoma hodgsoni.
P/yas mucosus.
Lacertilia :
Pumeces tmniolatus.
Mocoa himalayana.
Ophidia :
Tropidonotus platyceps.
Vipera obtusa.
Ilalys himalayanus.
the
With the possible exception of the last, none of these species appears to he found
dry region of Ladak, north of the dividing range between Kashmir proper and e
valley‘ . . x • traversed by
It is thus evident that, so far as the Reptiles are considered, the countries w £aunas :
Dr. Stoliczka between the plains of India and Kashghar yield three entirely distmc ^qTJ0S)
(1) that of the Punjab hills and Kashmir, comprising a majority of Himalayan ^
with a few species common to the plains of India and some types belonging to P ^ ja^er
genera ; (2) that of Western Tibet ; and (3) that of Eastern Turkestan, both .^CjmVing
belonging to the palaearctic region, hut to distinct sub-divisions, only one spe k ,
hitherto been found in both areas, and even that is represented by well-marked van
f his deseOPtionS
1 Since the present account was first written, I have received, through the kindness of Dr. Strauch, a copy 0 than lB-'
the reptiles collected by Colonel Przcvalski in Central Asia. The work was published in 1876, and is, therefore, a er^ p. Ill h
preliminary account of Dr. Stoliczka’s collections in the “ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal ” for 1“' .jlent lithograP
The greater portion of Dr. Strauch ’s paper is unfortunately in Russian, but the descriptions are in Latin, and exc ver1nicd<1 ‘ ,
3 of
of all the new species are given. One form of Eremias, Podarces (E.) pylzowi, appears to me possibly the same as ^ species
from Yarkand ; but of this I am not certain, and I am unable to identify any of the other forms described, me u o
Phrynocephalus, and five (besides E. pylzowi) of Eremias, with the species inhabiting Eastern Turkestan.
REPTILIA.
3
Order LACERTILIA.
Family — A GAMIDJE.
1. Stellio himalayanus.
Steindachner : Novara Reise, Reptilien, p. 22, PI. i, fig. 8.
Stoliczka : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, xli, Pt. 2, p. 113.
1, 2, Dras valley ; 3, 4, Taskgaon, near Dras ; 5-7, Chiliscomo ; 8, Shargol ; 9, Kharbu ; 10, 11, Snemo near Leh ;
1 2-22, Leh ; — all in the Upper Indus valley, north of Kashmir.
These specimens are from the original locality and its neighbourhood. Stellio hima-
ayanu8 has hitherto only been found in the Upper Indus valley in Ladak, where it was
0l’iginally discovered by Dr. Stoliczka.
In his diary Dr. Stoliczka remarks that the male of this lizard is smaller, and has the
^bole head, breast, and shoulders tinged with yellow, and the sides of the neck umber red.
lese colours are probably assumed in the breeding season ; the date when they were noticed
Was August 17th.
2. Stellio tubeeculatus.
Gray apud Glint. her : Reptiles of British India, p. 157.
Stoliczka : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, Pt. 2, xli, p. 115, PI. iii, fig. 3.
1, 2, Kaskmiv.
labelled Kashmir, the specimens were probably obtained on the road from Mari
Srinagar. The species is common about Mari.
Though
(Murree) to
3. Stellio agrorensis. PL I, fig. 3.
Stoliczka: Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, p. 128.
1-6, Kashmir.
Ij- specimens agree well with the types from the Agror valley in the Punjab hills. In
*'S diary> Dr. Stoliczka records obtaining this species near Chatarkailas in the Jhilam valley,
^th-eastof Mari.
As no figure of this species has ever appeared, one is published herewith . A full
escription was given by Dr. Stoliczka.
4. Stellio stoliczkanus. PI. I, figs. 1 & 2.
Blanf. : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 191.
S. squaniis dorsalibus mediis majoribvs, hand in linens regulares ordinatis, obtuse carinatis,
e> aW)us minoribus, acute carinatis , postice subeequalibus ; nonnullis mucronatis circum
4 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
tympanum , et in fasciculos acl latera colli et supra humeros dispositis ; caudalibus cat inati ,
mucronatis , verticillatis, dorsales magnitudine vix excedentibus ; stramineus, capita dots j
posterior e nigro-punctatis , dorso anteriore nigro, stramineo transversim fasciato.
1-7, Yangihissar, 8, Karglialik, south of Yarkand, both in the plains of Eastern Turkestan.
Description. — General form
apparently more slender than in Slellio caucasicus o
S. tuberculatus ; body and base of tail depressed ; tail 1*5 times to nearly twice the en» ^
of the body ; the fore limb laid backward does not reach the thigh (except in very y°u
specimens) ; the hind limb laid forward extends to about the ear. Head depressed , ^
length considerably exceeding its breadth. The largest specimen collected measures
inches, of which the head and body from the snout to the anus measure 5 A, fore lhnh 0
of toes 2'6 inches, hind limb nearly 4, third toe of hind, foot without the claw, measure!
between the third and fourth toes, 0-65. In a smaller specimen the head and body measure
tail 8 inches. . being
The scales on the upper surface of the head are convex, those on the occipu ^
submucronate, those on the supra-orbital bosses are rather smaller and flat. Supra-oi ^
ridge and cantlms rostralis prominent, loreal region concave, bearing small scales, so ^
which, like most of the scales on the side of the head, are bluntly keeled. Nostrils c jr^ore
backwards, situated in the hinder part of a single shield below the cantlms. Eostra^J^^
than twice as broad as high. Labials not much larger than tire neighbouring scales.
the same breadth as the rostral and pointed below. Eyelids covered with small <■ ^
scales, those along the edges of the lids rather larger and pointed. Some rather _
scales bluntly keeled or submucronate between the eye and the tympanum. Some sj ^
scales round the tympanum : groups of spinose scales are scattered over the sides an ^
of the neck, the former being the larger. There is no trace of a crest. Sides of t ie
between the larger scales covered with very small conically mucronate scales. peeled
Scales on the back of the neck granular, passing gradually into the bluntly
scales of the middle of the back ; these are considerably larger than the scales of t o
being about twice as broad. The scales on the lateral portions of the body are dis _
keeled, in tolerably well-marked transverse rows, and nearly uniform in size, but e caS;0n-
spicuously larger scales being scattered amongst them in general, though a few may oc^
ally be detected here and there, and these are patches of enlarged subspinose scales o ^
colour about the shoulders. There is no patch of enlarged scales in the middle of e
Scales of the belly smooth, rhomboidal, about the same size as those in the midcl e ^
back, and arranged in transverse series, containing towards the middle of the belly 1
eight to sixty-seven scales, tending, however, to pass into the keeled scales at the sic
count about 150 to 160 scales round the middle of the body. The throat scales are
scales are a little larger than those adjoining, but not thickened. There is no patch o ^ gpGcies
scales in the middle of the abdomen, as there is in Stellio caucasicus, and several o e ^ ^
to those of the abdomen, but much smaller.
In males there are two or three rows of thickened scales before the anus ; m
;hickened. There is no patch c
dlio caucasicus, and several ol- ^ eSpe-
of the genus. All the limb scales are keeled, those above sharply, those below, aad
daily on the hind limb, faintly ; those on the hack of the thigh small, with a few ^ ® |]l0se
subspinose scales scattered amongst them ; scales below the feet keeled, very simi a^ gcaics,
above ; toes covered beneath with transverse plates, each with several keels.
KEPTILIA.
5
except near tlie base below, keeled, and ending in a short spine posteriorly ; those near' the base
scarcely larger than the hack scales, those behind very little smaller, all in verticils. There
ls a double fold below the neck, several at the side of the neck, and one which passes above
the shoulder and down the side.
The general colour is pale yellowish, mixed with dusky black. The head above is
straw-coloured, with a few black scales scattered over the upper surface and irregular vertical
c bsky bars on the side. Anterior portion of the back and upper part of forelimbs dusky, with
bans verse rows of pale spots, sometimes forming tolerably marked bars, especially on the
Moulders and upper parts of the fore legs ; hinder part of the hack and sides straw-colour,
speckled with black. Tail pale yellowish at the base, sometimes with indications of crossbands ;
under portion brown. Lower parts uniform pale yellow, except the chin and throat, which are
c bsky, more orless mottled, or speckled with pale yellow. The young is much paler in colour,
a pinkish tinge, and the scattered black scales on the back are few in number, and form
1 at her irregular transverse lines.
There are twelve to fourteen maxillary teeth on each side of the upper jaw, and three
Pairs of conical teeth in front ; the outer pair the largest. In the lower jaw there are twelve
0 thirteen teeth along each side, and two pairs of more elongate pointed teeth in front.
All the larger specimens are eviscerated. I)r. Stoliczka in his diary mentions that, at
Varghalik, he found this species living in holes in sand, and that, on a low bush, he saw one
•’pecimen which, when pursued, took to the ground Immediately. I have never seen any
other Stellio which had similar habits, though probably, from its habitat, IS. aralensis may
Kemble the present species. All the other species of the genus are, as a rule, rock lizards, living
i?n the rocks, and taking refuge in clefts and under stones. S. nuptus in Persia is sometimes
^ bud on old walls of hardened mud, but with the exception of S. aralensis , I have never
biarcl of any species inhabiting level ground and living in holes, as, from Dr. Stoliczka’s note,
b 1 mfer, the case with the present form.
stoliezkanus differs much from all known species. The arrangement of the scales
cllv^le is Tu^e distinct in S. nuptus 1 and S. melmura ,2 3 * which belong, indeed, to a
for ClGn^ secti°n °f the genus. $. tuberculatus ,s S. agrorensis 3 and S. day anus 1 are stouter
bis 1 the first two are at once recognised by their more strongly keeled dorsal scales, the
be a greater difference between the dorsal and lateral scales, and the smaller size of the latter,
b *S. day amis differs in having strongly keeled dorsal and lateral scales, in the numerous large
es scattered over the sides, and the larger scales on the limbs, besides other distinctions
each case. None of the three species have the spinose scales on the sides of the neck so
eloped as in S. stoliezkanus. S. himalayanus has the central dorsal scales smooth, besides
er distinctions.
^ & Caucasians5 6 and S. mic/rolepis 8 are also distinguished by stouter form and broader
a S’ ^ presence of a large cluster of enlarged scales in the middle of each side, and of
°vbl patch of thickened scales in the middle of the abdomen in both sexes. The scales in
2 b^ilippi : Giomale del I. R. let Lomb. vi, (1843) ; — Eastern Persia, ii, p. 317.
a>’ ( Plocederma ) melanura, Blyth : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1854, xxiii, p. 738 ; — S. melanurus, Anderson : Proc. As,
3 S°°- Bengal, 1871, p. 189.
t vide ante.
s Stoliczka; Jonr. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, xli, Pt. 2, p. 113.
6 V. UVal
69, Kizil; 70-72, Yangihissar; 73, 74, Kashkasu, on road from Yangihissar to Sarikol.
of
I feel convinced that there must he some mistake in uniting the Phrynocepbp ,
Western Tibet with Lacerta caudivolvula of Pallas.3 In the first place, Pallas des “
L. corporis squamis minutissimis Icevibus, cauda longiuscula Icevissima, subtus op%ce_ -g
lonwnnnto 'tinmonnin rlnoo vi rvf a.Yvr\A«iv n cpvoP wpII rIlio ■f.nil in "flip T’il'lP'i' "PflTV^OCGp
nigroque variegata, does not appear to agree well. The tail in the Tibet Phrynoceq n£g
not nearly so long as would he inferred from the above description and from the nieasi^.^ of
of L. caudivolmila by Pallas, — whole length 8 inches 3 lines, tail 2 inches, so that the pr0P j,astem
the head and hotly to the tail is 5 to 8. In a large number of specimens from Tibet an and
Turkestan I find the proportions of the head and body to the tail vary between 5 0^o0tp ;
5 to 6-3, the last being exceptional. The tail, moreover, can scarcely he called veiy , aI1d
the scales towards the extremity, as a rule, are keeled. Then the colouration is d ■ sublltS
especially that of the tail, which is said by Pallas, in his more detailed description^ t0^trC1ticly
a medio ad apicem interrupte nigra et rubra. The colouration in P. theobaldi is ^ ^ gCen
variable, as noticed by Steindachner in his description (of P. sioliczJcce) , hut I have i
that
Agama aralensis, Lichtenstein, Eversmann’s Keise von Orenburg nach Buchara p. 144.
Lichtenstein’s species was really a Stellio.
Severtzoff: Turkistanskie Jovotnie, p. 71.
Zoogr. Ros. As., iii, p. 27.
It is by no means
cleai'
REPTILIA.
7
an aPProach to the mixture of red and black described by Pallas. It is true that these red
colours are probably seasonal, and that they tend to disappear in spirits, but the colouration
ln t]lp specimens before me is so well preserved, that it would be surprising if no trace of red
Remained in any of them, and they were collected at various seasons, some in autumn, others
111 spring and early summer.
I am unable to find Pallas’ figure of Lacerta caudivolvula, but there are two figures of the
species, both accompanied by descriptions, by Eversman1 and Eichwald.2 These figures I have
compared with the Tibet P hryn ocepha lus, and I find both agree with Pallas’ description of
• caudivolvulus, and differ from _P. theobaldi. It is true that Eversman gives the length of the
^ody as 1 inch 11 lines and of the tail 2 inches 1 line, but his figure shows a longer tail than this,
Eichwald gives the lengt lis of the body and tail respectively as 1 inch 8 lines and 2 inches 5
urns, a proportion of 5 : 7’5. Eichwald describes the tail as having black rings towards the end,
le interspaces below being red; Eversman merely says that there are black bands on the lower
Nm (ace of the tail towards the extremity, with red interspaces. A comparison of Eversman’s
01 Eichwald’ s figure with Steindachner’s bears out the view I have expressed of the species
1 presented being distinct.
Eumoril and Bibron 3 appear to me to have described a different species from Pallas’,
Under the name of Phrynocephalus caudivolvulus. The tail is said to be but little longer than
e |3°dy, and to be black at the end, with blackish spots along the sides of the remaining
portion, and the ventral scales are said to be keeled, whereas Pallas, Eversman and Eichwald
esci’ibe them as smooth. Dumeril and Bibron’s description agrees, except in having the
V(mtral scales keeled, with P. theobaldi. Now, the specimen described by the Erench her-
petologists came from Berlin, and was very probably identical with that compared with the
met P hrynoccphalus by Professor Peters.4
But what especially guides me in rejecting Pallas’ name for the Tibet Phrynocephalus
*.S Eiat name itself, and the circumstance from which it was derived. Pallas says “ percepto
r""(:0 caudam coloratam versus dorsum in spiram promptissime revolvit, quod in nulla alia
^di” Now, there are two groups of Phrynocephali, to one of which belong P. olivieri 5
Cq.j ~f‘ persicus 6 ; both of these I have seen alive in large numbers, and I never yet saw one
j.1 Es tail, whilst to the other belongs P. nwculatus1 and a species to be described immo-
a f l>oth of which have been observed, the latter by Stoliczka, the former by myself, to have
la coiling their tails. These last are much smoother, as a rule, than the Phrynocephali
of ^ormer group, and their tail is much longer, whilst in P. maculates the under surface
Za ta'^’ w^en alive, is frequently red in part. I think it is to this group that the true
In ccmdivolvula must belong, whilst P. theobaldi certainly belongs to the former group.
Theobald’s very good account of the habits of the present species 8 which he obtained
g, .. Tso-Morari in Piupsliu, he makes no mention of having seen it coil its tail, nor does
q CzEa notice any such habit, although he especially describes it in the case of the other
*estan species, and gives a sketch in his diary of the appearance presented.
* Lacerta Imperii Rossici, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, iii, p. 362, PI. xxxii, fig. 2.
Fauna Caspia Caucasia, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp, Nat. Mosc., vii, p. 107, PI. xii, figs. 6, 7, PI. xiii, figs. 9—14.
ErP- Gen., iv, p. 522.
I Gunther : Eept. Brit. Ind., p. 161.
, Bibr. : Eip. Gen. iv, p. 617 Eastern Persia, ii, p. 327.
7 e ?*lippi: Archiv. Zool. Genova, ii, p. 387 ; — Eastern Persia, ii, p. 329.
B “-nd«son: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 388;— Eastern Persia, ii, p. 331.
J°ur. As. Soc. Bengal, 1862, xxxi, p. 518.
8
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
I liaye not overlooked the fact mentioned by Dr. Gunther in the “Reptiles of British
India,” 1 2 * * * * * and to which reference has already been made, that specimens from Tibet had been
compared by Professor Peters of Berlin with typical examples of L. caudivolvula , and found
specifically identical. I confess that it appears at the first glance as if the opinion of so high
an authority on the Reptilia as Professor Peters must he more correct than mine, hut I think
there must be some mistake, as I have already indicated when noticing the description °
P. caudivolvulus by D inner il and Bibron. The original types of Pallas can scarcely he m
Berlin, and it has frequently happened that other species have been sent from Russia under
Pallas’ names. Under any circumstances I cannot hut think, for the reasons given above, that
Pallas must have described a different lizard.
Steindachner in his description of P. stoliczkce, -which is certainly the same lizard as
P. theobaldi, several of the specimens examined by Steindachner being from the typica
locality of the last-named species, points out that P. stoUczhce differs from P. caudivolvula8
in its shorter tail and in having smooth scales on the upper surface of the limbs. The latter
character, however, is not constant. Keels may generally he detected in P. theobaldi on the
scales of the tarsus, and not unfrequently on the thigh and forearm, and in the Turkestan
variety, P. forsythi, they are the rule. The length of the tail is, however, a characteristic
distinction, though, I believe, it is not the only one.
It is only after long and repeated comparison that I have come to the conclusion, tha
P. forsythi of Anderson cannot he separated from P. theobaldi? At the first glance >
they appear distinguished by colour and by the Turkestan form having some scattered, whnis >
enlarged scales on the hack, and keels on the scales covering the upper surface of the limbs-
Individuals, however, vary greatly in the scales of the hack ; in some these are convex an
granular, in others flat, smooth, and even suhimhricate ; in some larger in the middle of t ie
hack, in others nearly the same size throughout. The scales on the top of the head are
scarcely alike in any two individuals ; some have the scales large on the occiput and xeiy
small on the supra-orhital region, in others all are of about equal size ; in some the enlarge
superciliary scales almost reach the nasals, in others three or four small scales intervene-
The keels on the limb scales and the enlarged scales on the sides of the hack are no m°re
constant than the other characters. I find specimens from Western Tibet with a te
scattered enlarged scales, and with distinct keels on the limb-scales, and I find specimens
Eastern Turkestan in which the enlarged scales are wanting and the keels can scare j
he detected. .g
Even in colouration, I do not think the difference, although it is usually marked,
constant. P. forsythi has almost always a row of rather distant dark spots, arranged iu Pair
down each side of the back. These spots consist of rather pointed scales. P. l'ie0
jbcikti
varies exceedingly in colour. Some specimens, perhaps the most, are rather irregu ar
spotted, others have large ocelli on the hack ; in others again there are no markings wha
But there is very often a tendency to a double row of spots down the hack, and m
cases a very near approach to the colouration of P. forsythi, and in the latter the sp
1 P' 161- _ _ _ . f p theolatt*
2 I may here remark that I believe Dr. Anderson was misled by his collectors into supposing that the specimens 01 by
described by him, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 387, underthe name of P. caudivolvulus, were from Yarkand. Dike the gecko n ^ ^
him Cyrtodadylus yarTcandensis, I think it almost certain that the Phrynocephali in question must have been co ee ^he
Upper Indus valley, in Ladak. Every specimen from Yarkand and Eastern Turkestan in Dr. Stoliczka’s large collection ^ ^ojn
colouration of P. forsythi, whilst the specimens described by Dr. Anderson, which I have examined, are uudistinguis
some of those procured by Dr. Stoliczka in Ladak.
IlEPTILIA.
9
aie °ften faint and small, or some of tlicm are wanting, whilst in other specimens
additional spots are fonnd on the sides. It is evident that the colouration varies, in the case
theobaldi, to a great extent, and therefore it would he impossible to found a specific
sanction upon it without stronger differences.
There is one difference which, if constant, would be of great importance. P. theobaldi ,
Theobald has shown, is viviparous (or, more correctly ovo- viviparous), and I find foeti in
)e females, whereas I find only eggs in the oviducts of a female P. forsythi. But this
Tnay depend on the time of year, the pregnant females of the former species having been
captured at a later period of the season.
Dr. Anderson omits to point out the characters which led him to suppose that P.
'-tylhi was a distinct species. I may have overlooked some difference, but I have examined
0 j 1 forms carefully, and I do not think the two can be distinguished by any constant
character.
The following is a description of P. theobaldi from the specimens before me :
^ General form as in P. otivieri ; tail a little longer than the head and body, rather thick
I ^1Q base, tapering beyond, but much thicker throughout in some specimens than in others.
sorae cases the tip is laterally compressed, in others round. Limbs rather short, the
,1Uul hmb reaches beyond the shoulder, and often to the head ; the fore limb does not reach
of6 ^l^l‘ Scales of back small, flat, or convex, often granular. The scales in the middle
V ’Te back usually larger than those of the sides. A few rather larger scales are some-
nes scattered over the sides, but they are not much larger than the others. The black
f, GS forming spots on the back are sometimes more pointed. Scales on the head larger
1 n those on the back ; usually the largest are on the occiput. Upper labials with projecting
on nctet^5 or pointed margin along the edge of the lip, lower labials straight edged. Scales
0r uPper surface of limbs generally faintly, sometimes more strongly keeled, often almost
cnd'D11*0 smooth. Scales of lower parts smooth. Tail scales smooth, except towards the
5 M Tcre they are usually keeled, more strongly below than above.
Sr ^ SUal colour above olive-grey, varying in tint, and more or less spotted with black ;
^ copies the ground colour is pale, almost cream-coloured, and the spots form ocelli.
p Girn.es, besides the black marks, there are whitish spots of various sizes. The variety
T[- J°rsythi has usually four or five pairs of black spots on the back, and is bluish-grey in colour,
a 6 ^as dusky spots along each side ; these are never, except towards the tip, joined
aotOSS ^le lower surface as in P. otivieri, but they frequently meet above. Tip of the tail
infrequently black, and in many specimens (especially males, though it is not confined
whoi(-) the central portion of the abdomen is black ; this colour sometimes extending to the
e’ 0r nearly the whole, lower surface of the body and head.
6. PlIRYXOCEPIIALtS AXILLARIS. Plate I, fig. 4.
^ • fllanf. ; Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 192.
0r>m f* ntaJ0r> Icevis, cauda elongata, pede anteriore in adulto r/ix femur attingente, squamis
ozi/l )US cauda apicem versus exceptis ; supra griseus, macula rubra utrinque post
notatus, membris cauddque f asciis fuscis transversis signatis, hac ad medium fusco*
10
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
annulata, nunquam ad apicevn nigra , subtus albidus. Long, iota poll. 5 — 6, cciudce 5 totitt
longitudinis subcequante.
1, 2, south of Yarkand; 3-9, Yarkand; 10-16, Akrobat near Yarkand; 17-20, Kizil ; 21-33, Yangihissa
in Eastern Turkestan.
Description. — General form depressed; head not so short as in P. theobaldi, F. oljv'ier %,
&c., and tail longer. In adults the fore limb falls short of the thigh, or barely reaches it , ®
hind limh extends to the eye ; the tail is one- third to one-half longer than the body with j
head. The base of the tail is depressed and slightly dilated, thence the tail tapers gradua^y^
it can be coiled upwards near the end. Toes rather long ; the fourth toe on the hint
exceeds the third by more than the length of the claw, and has both sides fringed ; the 011
edge of the third toe is also fringed ; the fifth toe of the hind foot without the claw falls s io^
of the point of union of the third and fourth toes. Claws yellowish, strong ; the clan o ^
fifth toe on the hind foot longer than the rest. Nine to ten triangular teeth on each side m
jaws; six pointed anterior teeth in the upper jaw, four in the lower; the outer pan’ in ‘ .g
jaw elongate. The largest specimen measures 6' 25 inches, of which the tail from the anu-
3*75, head 0*75, fore limb to the end of the toes 1*4, hind limb 2*2. ^
Scales of the head above convex, tubercular, not varying much in size, as a rule, ^ ^
nostril in a larger scale, sometimes divided horizontally. Scales of the superciliary1^
larger ; each eyelid with a fringe of about nine rather larger scales, the lower row l)0ll^aj
Upper labials twenty-seven to thirty-one, with convex margins ; rostral scarcely larger.
or lower rostral generally much larger than the lower labials, which are, as a rule, rather ‘
in number than the upper labials. Scales near the lower labials rather larger than the m
ing scales of the throat. Scales of the body about the same size above and below ; all
hack and belly are smooth, rhomboidal, and arranged in transverse rows, those on the
subimbricate; on the sides they are smaller and more granular, especially belu111
shoulder, where the red patch consists of small granular scales. I count from 9° tg^ajcS
scales round the middle of the body in adults, rather fewer in young specimens. ^
on the limbs usually rather bluntly keeled above, smooth below ; those beneath 11 ^
sharply keeled, cross-plates beneath the toes with several keels. The pointed
a fringe on the outer side of the fourth toe on the hind foot are longer than those ^
inside of the same toe, or on the outside of the third toe. On none of the other toes ls^oU^
any distinct free margin. Tail scales all keeled, except at the extreme base; they ar® Vna[
the same size as the hack scales, and are arranged in rings ; the keels form l°n» , p
lines below the tail, but not above ; at each side of the tail close to the base is a ia -
of spinose scales. _ _ fn y0Ung
Colour above pale slaty-grey, nearly uniform or speckled with whitish, or, ^
individuals especially, with three or four dark crossbands on the body. Ia some < ^
back is tinged in parts with pale copper red. Dusky crosshands on the limbs and ^ jie UIlCler
middle of the tail, about 1*5 inch from the end, two or three dusky bands pass rount
surface ; these are sometimes nearly black, at other times so faint as to be barely nCyev
but they are not entirely absent in any of the specimens collected; end of the g0
black. Lower parts white throughout, except the bands round the tail. Dehint a^ch
as to be partly concealed by the fore limb when laid back along the body, there is a ^ T he
at each side ; this in the living animal is said by Dr. Stoliczka to be bordered by
red colour has faded greatly in spirit, hut can still be detected.
BEPTILIA.
11
This species of Phrynocephalus is very closely allied to the Persian P. maculatus,1 and
probably to the true P. caudivolvulus, Pallas nec Gunther. It appears to be a much larger
form than the latter. Prom the former it is distinguished by its limbs, when adult, being
shorter, the fore limb, as a rule, not reaching the thigh, whereas it always reaches or even
exceeds it in P. maculatus. The fifth toe of the hind foot in P. maculatus is longer ; the
fringe on the outer edge of the fourth toe less developed, and there is scarcely any fringe on
fhe inside of the toe. But the most important distinctions are in colouration. P. maculatus ,
°f which I have collected many living examples, never has a red spot behind the shoulder,
and it always has a black tip to the tail, below at all events. The colouration of the tail in
-Phuynocephali is, as a rule, very constant.
P - axillaris is said by Dr. Stoliczka to be very active, to run at a great pace, and to
*i;iVe the habit of coiling its tail upwards at the end. It, doubtless, inhabits open plains, like
lts Persian ally.
Prom the above, it would almost appear as if I had proposed a new species on characters
'’f no more importance than those which I have just before shown to be insufficient in the
ease 0f P. forsythi. But in the present case the characters appear constant, probably
"'cause the two forms P. axillaris and P. maculatus inhabit distant and isolated areas,
whilst in the case of P. forsythi and P. theobaW there is great variation, and no constant
distinction can be detected even in colouration ; moreover, so far as my experience of the
£enus goes, I should say that the red patch behind the axil in P. axillaris and the black
TaU tip in p> maculatus are more important than the back markings which distinguish
• forsythi. When P. maculatus exhibits bright colours, as it very often does, they are
c °nfined to the lower surface of the tail and hinder parts of the thighs.
Family — G ECK 0 TIB M.
7. Teuatoscinctts keyseiilingi.
Strauch : Bull. Acad. Sei. Sfc. Pet., 1863, vi, p. 480; — Mel. Biol., vi, p. 554; — Zool. Record, 1864,
p. 111.
Kuli-yailang, Yarkandi (Scully).
1, Yangihissar, Eastern Turkestan.
. This is a new locality for this very remarkable gecko. Teratoscincus heyserlingi was
a initially discovered by Count Keyserling in the Persian province of Kliorassan, at a spot
*aled Sar-i-chah, and it has since apparently been found in Western Turkestan, as it is
Jnc ll(fed by Severtzoff in his list of the Reptiles2 found in that province. It thus appears
* ^layc a considerable distribution in Central Asia. The original description was copied in
le Zoological Record.”
1 The single specimen obtained by Dr. Stoliczka is not in a very good state oi preservation,
^ the characters are easily distinguishable. The following is a description :
1 Anderson: Pvoc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 389; — Eastern Persia, ii, p. 331.
2 Turk. Jev., p. 71.
12
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Habit stout, head and body depressed, limbs strong, toes rather short, tail shorter than
the body. The hind limb reaches to the shoulder, the fore limb not quite to the end of the
snout. Head covered with small granules above and below. Pupil vertical. Nostrils between
the rostral, first labial and three enlarged plates behind ; upper labials eleven, the hinder sma >
lower labials ten. Rostral nearly twice the breadth of two labials; mental also l'uA’
square behind. Some enlarged scales along the edges of the lower labials. Scales of t e
body all round large, smooth, imbricate, and rounded behind, those of the abdomen scarce y
larger than those of the back ; I count about thirty -two round the body, but they are a fit -
irregular ; scales on the limbs similar to those of the body, except behind the upper arm and ting >
where, as well as on the side of the trunk behind the shoulder, they are small and granular-
Eeet and toes covered with imbricate scales above, and with minute spinose tubercles belo" >
all tbe toes provided with claws and fringed at the sides. Tail covered with smooth inibn
cate scales, those below, and near the base above, similar to those of the body; the posterior
two-thirds of the tail covered above with large imbricate scutes, seventeen in number, the w i
breadth of the tail. Region around the anus, before and behind, granular; two large Pore~)
one on each side, behind, none in front. Length 5T inches, tail 2T, forelimb 1'-’ 1171
limb 1*6.
Colour grey above, with a few small blackish spots on the back, most strongly ^ g
between the shoulders. According to Strauch, the pupil is circular, and young specim ^
are transversely banded, but Dr. Scully, who has seen a living specimen, assures me that ^
pupil is vertical, and this is borne out by the specimens I have examined. Comparing
specimen with Teratolepis fasciata,1 the type of which, originally described by Blytln 18 ^
the Indian Museum, I find that the differences pointed out by me in the “ Zoology
Persia 2 ” from the descriptions, hold good, and the two forms must be placed in distinct gene ^
T. fasciata has the basal portion of the toes dilated, and furnished with a double r°"
enlarged plates, but the toes are not fringed at the sides, and there is no external ear.
Another specimen of Teratoscincus has since been brought from Yarkand by Dr. Scu ^
who has ascertained that it is not very common, and that (according to the information g1^
by the people) it inhabits waste ground, and is found about stones. The colouration o
back, when alive, is greenish, lower parts whitish, limbs pinkish fleshy.
8. Gymnodactylus stoliczeje.
Steindachner : Reptilien, Novara Expedition, p. 15, PI. ii, fig. 2.
Cyrtodactyliis yarkandensis, Anderson: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 381, fig. 3 (figura mala).
1-5, Chiliscomo ; 6-13, Kargil ; 14, 15, Kharbu; 16, Lamayuru; 17, Snemo ; 18-46, Leh :
valley, Ladak.
the
I have compared the specimens obtained by Dr. Stoliczka with the type
son’s Cyrtodactylus yarlcandensis. They agree perfectly. Gymnodactylus
of Dr. Ander-
stoliczka vva"
1 Gunther : Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 504; — Homonota fasciata, Blyth: Jour, As. Soc. Bengal, xxii, P-
2 Eastern Persia, ii, p. 355.
REPTILIA.
13
0riginally described by Steindachner from a specimen obtained by Dr. Stoliczka himself
near Eras in 1865 ; and the latter mentions in bis diary having found some of the specimens
n°" Stained, those from Chiliscomo, under stones in exactly the same place in which he
Procured the type on his former visit. The specimens described by Dr. Anderson as Gyrtodacty-
s yarkandemis were brought, with others, by a collector, who accompanied Dr. Henderson
011 the mission which was sent to Yarkand in 1870 ; this mission traversed precisely the same
l0ute through Kashmir and Leh as the second in 1873-71, and I do not think there can be
any reasonable doubt that the real locality whence Cyrtodactylus yarkandensis was obtained
have been Ladak, and not Yarkand, because this species appears to be replaced in
i and by the next, and because Dr. Anderson was, I think, similarly misinformed by his
^ G(‘tor as to the true locality of the JPhrynocephalm which he assigned to P. ccmdivolvulus.
ls fortunate that Dr. Anderson’s name does not stand, since it has, I think, been given
nt °r an erroneous idea of the locality.
Ihe woodcut in the “ Proceedings of the Zoological Society ” representing this species is
talk ^°0r‘ Steindachner’s figure is much better. Dr. Anderson’s specimens had lost their
. s an(l their epidermis, and he consequently described the upper surface as smoothly granular
enlarged scales, none of which are tubercular. As this does not agree with the fresher
1 ecuuens before me, and as the tail is very characteristic, I give a fresh description. Stein-
aacbuer’s is in German.
s. -Description. — Form moderately stout, head and body depressed, tail usually much
Uen and depressed at the base and tapering regularly. The fore foot laid forward does not
hi * reae^ end of the snout, laid back it extends more than half-way to the thigh, the
win forwards reaches to the axil, or a little beyond it. Surface of the head covered
0f * suhequal granules, three shields behind the nostril very little larger than the other scales
^ ne snout. Kostral large, and with a groove running down the upper part of its surface,
la °U^ t('n uPPer labials on each side, the hinder ones very small ; about six lower labials. Mental
pfo?5 triangular, with two (sometimes three) pahs of enlarged chin-shields behind the labials
alar T.er^ca^ Ear-opening round and small, but larger than the dorsal tubercles. Back gran-
Kli * scattered, enlarged, convex tubercles (these are wanting in the specimens from
*1*). Upper surface of limbs granular ; occasionally there are a few enlarged tubercles
e tbigh and tarsus. Scales on the lower surface flat and hexagonal. No femoral or
tub ana^ pores- Claws very small. Tail when perfect ringed, with three enlarged blunt
o, ei<“tes at each side of each ring, the uppermost the smallest ; upper surface of the tail
*** ar fo the middle, lower surface covered with small smooth scales, no enlarged plates.
js reproduced, the form of the tail is the same, and it is much swollen at the base, but it
iformly granular and not ringed.
iimbCOl°Ur Sre^’ w^b numerous darker crossbands, slightly wavy and irregular on the back,
s and tail. An adult measures 4 inches in length, tail 2 2.
r^K" foil is very rarely perfect. Steindachner, however, appears to have been mistaken in
1 °8lng that of the specimen figured by bfm to have been reproduced.
vvfie sPecics seems hitherto to have been found only in the Indus valley in Ladak,
10 ^ aPpears to be abundant.
C- hticder,
'-anus
is closely allied, but the tail seems different.
1 Stoliczka : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, xli, Pt. 2, p. 105.
14
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
9. Gymnodactyltjs elongattjs. PI. II, fig. 2.
W. Blan. ; Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 193.
G. elongatus , corpore gracili, cauda altennata, membris exilibm, dorso tuber cu Us ^ mc^ ^
bus latis confertis ornato, inter tuberculas squamis rotimdis parvulis induto, cauda
scutis majoribus instructd, verticillatd , serie ultima verticilli cujusque ex squamis maj _
carinatis superne et ad latera omnino compositd, poris prce-analibus ad 5 ; griseus, ti a
fusco-fasciatus. Long. poll. 5, caudce 2'8.
1-5, Yangihissar, Eastern Turkestan.
Description. — General form more elongate than is usual amongst geckoes, head dep1 2 3’®^^
sloping gradually down to the snout, body rather slender, tail very thin, regularly a 0 .^g
very little, if at all, swollen at the base, exceeding the head and body in leng • _
slender, elongate, the fore limb laid forward extends to the end of the snout, alj^roUgbt
it reaches more than three-quarters of the distance to the thigh ; the hind Iba
forward comes some distance in front of the shoulder. Toes elongate, rounde , a g-8,
very small claws. Pupil vertical. Length of a perfect specimen 5 inches, head 0 oo,
fore limb to end of toes 1, hind limb 13. _
Surface of the head granular, granules nearly uniform, and about equal m size
scales of the abdomen ; nostrils between the rostral, first labial and two small slue asSing
which are slightly swollen. Upper labials about twelve, the hinder very small, an^ ^jee
into granules ; lower labials nine or ten. Rostral rather higher than the other labial* ^ breadth
as broad, with the upper portion of the anterior surface grooved. Mental the Sill'|°(n,allular,
as the rostral, and pointed behind ; two or three pairs of enlarged chin-shields. Rac » ^ce •
with numerous broad triangular keeled tubercles, each nearly as large as the small ^ ^ . the
they are not arranged in regular rows, hut about twelve may be counted across the ^er.
granular scales between the tubercles much smaller than the head granules. There ^he
cles on the forearm, thigh and tarsus. I count about twenty- five larger scales a _gterior
abdomen. Tail verticillate, covered with trapezoidal or subtrapezoidal keeled scales, 1 ^exe are
row of each ring larger, hut without any granules or small scales between, so tna ^ ]arge
no distinct tubercles. Lower surface of the tail, except near the base, with a l0"y_s}iaped
plates about as broad as long, two to each verticil. Prseanal pores about six iu a
Colour in spirits pale grey, with darker transverse hands on the body, linvUs, and ^
This species belongs to the same group as G. caspius,1 G. scaber; G. has n°
kachhensis * G. brevipes ,5 &c., but is much more slender in form than any of theflV^ each
tubercles, with smaller scales intervening, on the tail, all the scales of the last r°
verticil being enlarged and submucronate.
Only one of the specimens obtained is in good condition.
1 Eiehwald : Fauna Casp. Cauc., p. 114, PI. xv, figs. 1, 2.
2 Rupp. Atlas : Kept., p. 15, PI. iv, fig. 2.
3 Steindaehner : Sitzungsber. K. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien., lxii, Pt. 1, p. 329, PI. h
4 Stoliczka : Proc. As. Soe. Bengal, 1872, p. 80.
4 W. Blanf., Eastern Persia, ii, p. 344, PI. xxii, fig. 2.
EEPTILIA.
15
10. Gymnodactylijs microtis. PL II, fig. 1.
Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1875, xliv, Pfc. 2, p. 193.
G. parum robustus, capite brevi, depresso, meatu auditorio minimo ; caudd attenuata,
luvi} hand verticillatce ; membris breviusculis ; dorso granulato, tuberculis subcarinatis
0rnato ; arenarius, fusco minute pumctatus, subtus albescens. Long, tota 3’2 poll.,
caudce 1-8 .
1-20, Yarkand; 21-27, Yangihissar; 28-66, Kasbghar, 67-75, no label, probably ICashgbar.
Description. — General form moderately slender ; head short, blnnt, slightly depressed,
c°nvex towards the snout, ear-opening very small, tail stout at the base and regularly attenuate,
Sm°°th, not ringed ; limbs rather short, the fore limb laid forward reaches between the eye
•3nd the snout, laid hack it extends more than half-way to the thigh, the hind limb laid
oi'Ward does not reach the shoulder. Toes rather short, rounded, all with minute claws ; pupil
vertical. Length of a perfect specimen 3 2 inches ; tail T8.
Head granular above, granules of the occiput, region between the eyes, and sides of the
^ead behind the eyes equal in size, those of the snout and loreal regions rather larger.
ostril in an angle between the rostral, first labial, and the points of two posterior shields, the
ljiner of which is usually the larger.
There are generally nine or ten upper labials on each side, the first five being the largest,
anA in most cases there are four large lower labials followed by smaller scales, but these charac.
ers are not constant ; sometimes there are six lower labials. Mental ending behind in an obtuse
^gle, two or three pairs of enlarged chin-shields ; all the scales near the lower labials larger
an- the flat granules of the throat . Back granular, with bluntly keeled enlarged tubercles ;
^nt eight to ten of these may be counted across the back ; they are not very regularly dis-
P°sed, and all are larger than the minute ear-opening. Abdomen covered with flat hexagonal
Scales, which diminish in size laterally, but come farther up the sides than in most geckoes and
i ss into the dorsal granules. Pive prseanal pores in males in a transverse row in front of the
as- Limbs granular above. Tail granular throughout, granules convex above, rather larger
aild flat below.
Colour sandy above, whitish below, a pale line from the nose to the eye above the rather
rker loreal region, and sometimes a pale line down each side of the back. Under the lens
e npper parts are seen to be minutely puncticulated with brown, more closely in some parts
a others, and there are also in places fine spots on the abdominal scales.
1 x. sPecies is probably allied to Lacerta pipiens 1 of Pallas, a species apparently over-
? e(l by most herpetologists, and which, like the present species, is described as possessing a
^ mute ear and a smooth tail ; it, however, has no tubercles on the back, to judge by Pallas’
escyiption, and it is very differently coloured. On one of Dr. Stoliczka’s labels the present
Pecies is said to be found under stones and about old walls, and it is evidently common.
q his list of the Western Turkestan reptiles, Severtzofi includes G. caspius, Eich.
■ scafier, Bupp., and G. eversmanni , Strauch. I have not been able to find the description
01 tae last.
1 Pallas: Zool. Ros. As., iii, p. 27 ; — Ascolabotes pipiens, Lieht., Eversman’s Reise, p. 145.
16
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Family — LACERTID2E.
11. Ebemias yabkandensis. PI. II, fig. 3.
W. Blanf. : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 194.
E. cceruleo-ocettaia, Anderson : Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 373, nec Dum. et Bibr.
? E. multiocettata,'- Giinther : Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1872, Ser. 4, vol. x, p. 419.
JZ. gracilis, supra grisea vel olivacea, nigro-macnlata, ocellis albidis nigro-margiw dis
utrinque ad dorsum inseriem longitudinalem dispositis ; subtus albida ; scutis nasalibus h(lU
tumidis, pratfrontali unico, a rostrali suprcmasalibus atque a verticali postfrontalibus long*’
disjuncto ; infra-orbitali ad labrum pertinente ; dentibus palatalibus nullis ; scutis ventral'
bus in series longitudinales (potius obliquas) 14-16, et in transversas ad 30 dispositis; V0) ^
femoralibus utrinque 9-14 ; squamis infradigitalibus vix carinatis. Long. 6 poll., caud(B a < ■
1-4, Sanju ; 5-23, Yarkand and Yangiliissar ; 24-28, Kashghar ; 29, near Fyzabad, east of Kashghar ;
Kaskkasu, between Yangiliissar and Sarikol ; 34-44, Sarikol ; 45-46, west of Sarikol.
30-33,
Description. — General form rather slender, tail when perfect about one and a half tim*-
the length of the head and body, limbs rather short ; the fore limb reaches to between the ej f
and snout, the hind foot extends to the axil. The nasal scales are not swollen, the 1°^®
eyelid is opaque and granular. Scales below the toes very faintly keeled. No palatal tee •
Usual length 5 to 6 inches. A fine specimen, in which only the tip of the tail appears renew
measures 6-2 inches, of which the tail is 3-8, head 06, fore limb 08, hind limb 1'25.
Scales of the back rounded, arranged in transverse rows, becoming flatter and. ra ^
larger on the sides. Ventral scales in transverse and oblique rows ; usually 14 to 16 m ea ^
transverse row in the middle of the abdomen (very rarely 18) and in 28 to 35 (generally
or 31) transverse rows. Tail scales not keeled, as a rule, on the anterior portion, th°^» '
occasionally they are bluntly keeled above ; on the posterior portion they are more or
distinctly keeled throughout. Prseanal scales all small. Prom 9 to 14 femoral pores benea
each thigh. The enlarged scales below the tarsus extend about two-thirds of the dista^
across. Scales beneath the feet granular, not keeled. Collar free, the scales towards ^
middle enlarged, nearly as large as the abdominal plates, but varying in number ; and o
passing into small scales at the sides ; usually there are ten to twelve enlarged scales. . ,
Dead shields. — Nostrils between three shields, an upper, lower, and posterior nasal, vv
are not swollen, but merely slightly convex, as are all the other head shields. Praefrontal sin^. j
the supranasals meet in a broad suture, and so do the postfrontals. Two large supraoi
shields, with granules outside and in front of them, but none inside. Prseoccipi^8 ea
about the same size as a postfrontal ; central occipital smaller, but variable in size. Eos
pitals large, each three or four times the size of a prseoccipital, no azygos shield behind
Upper labials six, in front of the large supraorbital shield which descends to the lip, Es 0 ^
margin along the lip being nearly equal to that of the preceding shield. Temples cove
with small granular scales. Edge of ear not denticulate.
Colour. — Olive-grey above, spotted with black, and with a more or less well mark of
of whitish black-edged ocelli along each side of the back. The dark spots on the back (l
form longitudinal lines.
This name will have priority if, as is probable, the species are the same.
EEPTILIA.
17
This species was referred by Dr. Anderson to Emmas cccraleo-ocellata of Dumeril and
Bibron,1 but it appears to me to differ in several characters. The nasal shields are not
swollen, the dorsal scales are close together and scarcely any granules can be detected
amongst them, whereas in E. cmruleo-ocellata they are said not to be very close, and each
ls SUm)unded by some granules. That species, moreover, has the tail scales keeled ; as a
j u '> they are smooth in the Turkestan form, and the limbs arc proportionally longer in the
manor, the hind legs nearly reaching the ear.
I have already 2 expressed doubts as to whether E. cceruleo-ocellatct is the same as
■ Velox,3 as the former has no palatal teeth, and the latter appears to possess them ; but if they
msenible each other at all closely, as is probable from the circumstance of most authors
Baiting them, I think the species now described differs much in habit, being a more slender
01 m, and it is also distinguished by having the scales beneath the feet granular and not
distinctly keeled.
The closest ally appears to be a species described by Dr. Gunther from the Gobi Desert
lmder the name of E. multiocellata. It is possible that this may be the same, but it is de-
coked as having an azygos shield between the postfrontals, a large central scale in the collar,
aml eighteen longitudinal rows of scutes across the abdomen. Hone of these differences is of
numli importance, but taking them together, they present a considerable distinction and
1( nder it possible that other differences exist. I should not think Dr. Gunther would have
n Ol‘looked the peculiar character of the nasal shields not being swollen, in which the present
sPRcies differs from all other Eremias with which I am acquainted.4
11a. Eremias yarkandensis var. saturata. PI. II, fig. 4.
W- Blanf. : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1875, xliv, Pt. 2., p. 191.
E. yarkandensis magis infuse ala, scuto infraorbitali horizontaliter diviso, parte
superiori a labro discreta.
1-13, Valleys of the Kuenluen range, south of Yarkand.
flu r^u's_ variety differs from the typical form in being much darker in colour and f re-
st) having much less distinct ocelli along the sides of the back. In one or two
--- the back is uniformly slaty-grey. Another difference is generally found, and it
0 ,U cI) if constant, justify the giving a specific name to the variety. This is that the infra-
1 . is divided below the eye, and does not reach the lip, the lower divided portion
mmg the seventh supralabial. But in one specimen this infraorbital descends to the
lb as in the normal form.
St The specimens were not labelled, and they were amongst the last collected; but Dr,
3 iczka notices this form in his diary as replacing the ordinary Eremias of the Yarkand
1 111 at the commencement of the valleys leading to the Kuenluen.
a Gen. v, p. 295.
3 p®tern Persia, ii, p. 374.
4 gj : R<‘ise. t P- 718.
0(!e Hata 100 ^ e a^0VB was written, Dr. Gunther has very kindly compared specimens of E. yarkandensis with the type of E. multi.
that the'f311'* *n^orms mo that they are probably the same, the only distinction of any importance, so far as can be detected, being
to ascerta °re claws appear much larger in E. multiocellata. The type of this species is so much shrunk, that it is difficult
I thin]. tt'11 ^ether it had swollen nasals, hut apparently it had not. I leave the account of the species as originally written, but
eie 18 every probability that E. multiocellata and yarkandensis are identical.
18 SECOND YAKKAND MISSION.
12. Eremias yermiculata. PI. II, fig. 5.
Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1875, xliv, Pt. 2, p. 194.
? Podarces ( Eremias ) pylzowi, Straucli, Przewal ski’s Reptiles, p. 28, PI. vi, fig. 1.
D. supra grisea, nigro-vermiculata , subtus albida, elongata, gracilis ; dorso granuioso,
scutis nasalibus twnidis, prcefrontali unico a rostrali supranasalibus atque a vertical!'
postfrontalibus longe disjuncto ; supraorbitalibus convexis , omnino squamis minimis rot und'lS
circumdatis ; mfraorbitali late ad labrum pertinente , dentibus palatalibus nullis ; scutis
ventralibus in series 16-20 longiiudinales (polius obliquas), atque 36-41 transversas dispose
tis ; poris femoralibus utrinque 19-23 ; squamis infradigitalibus vix carinatis. Long ■ •
poll., caudce 5’1.
1, 2, Yarkand ; 3, Kizil, Eastern Turkestan.
Description. — General form very slender, the tail more than twice as long as the head
and body. Limbs moderate, the fore limb reaches nearly to the end of the snout, the hm(
limb in front of the shoulder, nasal plates swollen. Scales beneath the toes hut little keele •
No palatal teeth. Length of the largest specimen 7 ‘4 inches, of which the tail measure®
5*1, head 0'55, the fore limb is 0'85 long, hind limb 1'5.
Scales of the back round, granular, minute in the middle, becoming larger on the sides>
all arranged in transverse rows. Ventral scales in transverse and oblique rows, 18 J
across the abdomen and 41 along it in the two Yarkand specimens, hut only 16 across and
along in the Kizil individual. Tail scales all keeled, except below near the base. None o
the prae-anal scales are much enlarged. Pemoral pores from 19 to 23 beneath each thig *
The enlarged scales below the tarsus extend about half-way across. Scales beneath the so e®
of the feet granular and very small. Plates beneath the toes on the fore feet keeled, but n°
prominently, those on the hind feet are smooth, except towards the end of the toes, col r
free, scales about the same size as those of the abdomen, rather irregular in the specimens
examined, and passing gradually into the small granules of the throat.
Dead shields. — The single prsefrontal is large, and is separated from the rostral by
supranasals and from the vertical by the postfrontals ; suture between the supranasals a 0
equal to that between the postfrontals, and, in each case, in the specimens examined, aD
half the length of the prsefrontal. Nasals normal. The supraorbitals are somewhat m ^
convex than the other shields and are completely surrounded by granules, those separa o
them from the vertical and prseoccipitals being rather larger than those towards the supel
ciliary ridge. . ^
Prseoccipitals each about a quarter the size of a postoccipital. A small central occip
no azygos shield behind it, five or six supralabials in front of the large infraorbital, w ^
descends to the lip, the lower edge being equal to that of the preceding shield or
Lower eyelid granular. Temples covered with small granular scales. Edge of eal
toothed. •
Colotir.— Grey above, finely vermiculated with black lines, which tend to form 0
tudinal bands along the middle of the back. Upper surface of head and limbs the sa
lower parts white.
This is easily distinguished from the former species by being much more elongate, ^
a much longer tail and hind limbs, by its having more numerous ventral scales, and sV
KEPTILIA.
19
nasal shields, by the presence of crannies on the inner side of the supraorbital shields and by
colouration.
Prom Western Turkestan Severtzoff 1 quotes, besides E. variabilis and E. cceruleo-oceUata
vE. velox), two species which he calls E. intermedins , Strauch, and E. ery thrums. Neither ot:
lGse species, so far as I know, has been described ; E. erythrurus, Severtzoff himself suggests,
®ay he the young of E. velox. Two species of Scapteira and Lacerta stirpiu/m are also
deluded in the list of reptiles obtained in Western Turkestan.
E. vermicnlata may be the same as E. pylzowi collected by Przevalski in the deserts of
ash an, 27 degrees of longitude east of Yarkand. The principal characters of the two
species are similar, and so is the colouration, but, judging from the figure, the toes of the fore
°t are considerably shorter in E. pylzowi.
Family — SCINCIDJE.
13. EUMECES IS/ENIOEATtrS.
Eirylepis tmdolaius, Blyth : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, xxiii (1854), p. 740.
Plestioclon scutatus, Theobald : Cat. Rept. Mus. As. Soc., p. 25.
Eameces scutatus, Jerdon: Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1870, p. 73.
Mabouia taniolata, Anderson : Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1871, p. 184.
Emcees tceniolatus, Stoliczka : Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, pp. 75, 88.
1, Chakoti on the road from Mari to Srinagar, in Kashmir.
j This is a very much larger specimen than the types, and so much stouter, that at first
, " as nvuch inclined to consider it distinct. But the proportions are the same, and the only
• a(hural distinction I can find is, that there arc twenty -three rows of scales round the body
ead of twenty-one. Tins amount of variation is commonly found in scinques.
fc . '^le h'ngth of the specimen is 13 inches ; tail, probably renewed when young, 6 ; circum-
*** round the middle of the body, 3 ; head, 095 long ; fore limb, 135 ; hind limb, 1'75, both
ab 'e en<^ ^he claws. The colour noted by Dr. Stoliczka on the living specimen is brown
hicT a harh central stripe, upper parts of sides darker and with small white spots in longi-
thi 1Uat rows ; the upper portion of the limbs also spotted, lower portion of sides greenish,
of 8 C0l°^ extending across the ears to the lower labials ; feet below pale fleshy, the whole
tb lG ^°Wer surface deep waxy yellow. In spirits the middle of the back is very little darker
31 the lateral portions.
14. Mocoa himalayana.
Eimeces himalayanus, Gunther : Rept. Brit. Ind., p. 86.
-fiuprepes himalayanus, Steindachner : Novara Expedition, Reptilien, p. 45.
Alwmeces sikkimensis, partim, Jerdon : Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1870, p. 73; Anderson: Proc. Zool.
Soc., 1871, p. 158;— Blyth?
Jdocoa himalayana, Stoliczka : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, xli, p. 12/.
1-10, Mari, Punjab; 11, 12, between Mari and Srinagar; 13-25, Sonamurg; 26-32, Mataian.
1 Turk. Jev., p. 71.
20
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Although I feel far from satisfied that the western form is really separable from the eastern
(Jf. sikkimensis) , most of the differences pointed out by Dr. Stoliczka appear sufficiently
marked to justify the two being kept apart. The general aspect and colour of the two forms
are different, and the number of scales round the body appears larger in Jf. himalayma, though
this is variable. In specimens from Mari, there are almost constantly twenty-eight rows round
the body, whilst in the Sonamurg examples the prevailing number is only twenty-six.
There is certainly one specimen in the Indian Museum, labelled E. sikkimensis fi’onl
Darjiling and presented by Dr. Jerdon, which has thirty rows of scales round the body, but the
colouration is so different from that of all other Sikkim specimens, that I cannot but suspeet
there is some mistake in the locality, for Dr. Stoliczka had large collections from Sikkim, ;irUl
found no marked variation, whilst the colouration of the specimen from Dr. Jerdon is precisely
that of the North-Western form, and it has a large strongly denticulated ear-opening.
The distinctions noticed by Dr. Stoliczka between the head shields of Mocoa himalwyan(l
and Jf. sikkimensis are not home out by the large series before me, nor is there, so far as
can see, any constant difference in the limbs, but the ear-opening, as a rule, is decidedly largel
and more denticulated in Jf. himalayana. There are more scales round the body, and there
is a marked difference in colouration, Sikkim specimens being much browner and wanting
greenish white line along the lower portion of the side, which is conspicuous in Jf. hirn<'lcr!J'
cma. Still it is highly probable, as indeed Dr. Stoliczka suggested, that intermediate forms
may connect the two.
This species appears to be common in Kashmir. The specimens labelled from Matarau
were probably collected on the road from Sonamurg, for every other Mocoa from the I11(
valley in Ladak belongs to the next species. Mataian itself is on the north side of the nioun
tains which separate the Kashmir valley from Ladak.
15. Mocoa stoliczkai ( ?=M. ladacensis).
Euprspet stoliczkai, Steindachner : Novara Expedition, Reptilien, p. 45.
A. kargilensis, Steindachner : ib., p. 46. g
Eumeces ladacensis, Anderson : Proc. Zool. Soe., 1872, p. 375 -,—forsan Gunther : Rept. Brit. IiA, 1'
,i .. Tjadski
1-3, Mataian; 4-8, Kargil; 9, Namika-la; 10-16, Kharbu ; 17-19, Lamayuru — all in the Indus valley,
20-24, no label.
It is most probable that there is really only one species of Mocoa in the UppRr ^
valley, and that the different names above enumerated belong to it. If this be the case, 1
if the specimen described by Dr. Gunther be really identical, the species must bear the u
of Mocoa ladacensis. But I am unable to identify the specimens brought by Dr. °to
with Gunther’s species, because in not one of the individuals collected does the fore foot reaC^iall
snout,1 and because, although the three rows of scales beneath the tail are rather broader ^
those above, and the middle row is slightly more developed than the other, there is sca „
such a difference as I should suppose to be implied by the character of <( subcaudals broa^
It must be borne in mind, too, that the locality of Dr. Gunther’s type rests uI,0^.^eS
authority of Messrs, von Schlagintweit, whose want of accuracy with reference to the l°ca
assigned to their reptilian collections is notorious.
1 Thus was noticed also by Dr. Anderson 1. c.
REPTILIA.
21
It is true that in Steindachner’s description, of Euprepes stoliczkai, there is said to be a
r°w of broader shields beneath the tail. But then the only difference stated to exist between
E- stoliczkai and E. kargilensis is that in the former there are five, in the latter four supra-
labials in front of the infraorbital. That this character is of no specific value is proved by
the circumstance that both forms occur together in the present collection, and that there are
some specimens which have four shields on one side of the head and five on the other. Now,
some of the specimens before me are typical E. kargilensis from the same locality as the ori-
ginal specimens procured by Dr. Stoliczka himself in 1865. The only other distinction
between the descriptions of Euprepes stoliczkai and E. kargilensis is that in the former the
noddle denticulations on the anterior edge of the ear are larger than the others, in the latter
the uppermost is largest. This is certainly of no importance.
In different individuals the number of scales round the body varies from thirty-two to
thirty-eight, not depending apparently on age. In one very young specimen from Mataian
there are only twenty- eight rows, but this individual is so immature, that its characters are ill
niarked, and it perhaps belongs to the last species. The usual number is thirty-four or tliirty-
The colouration appears very constant ; the back is brownish-olive, rather paler towards the
S1des, and spotted, the spots consisting of a whitish dot with a larger blackish mark behind or
at the side of it. These spots sometimes, but not often, tend to form longitudinal lines. Sides
with a broad band of dark olive brown broken by small pale spots and extending from the
eye to the root of the tail and sometimes continued as a narrower broken line down the tail.
few dark marks forming irregular longitudinal lines on the upper surface of the tail ; lower
parts bluish- white.
Order OPHIDIA.
Family — TYPIIL OPIUM.
16. Typhlops poeuectus, var.
Stoliczka: Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1871, xl, Pt. 2, p. 426, PI. xxv, figs. 1-4.
1, Ambor in the Jhilam valley, north-east of Mari.
The only specimen of a Typhlops in the collection is evidently that mentioned in Dr.
foliezka’s diary of the 18th July, and considered by him a new species. It differs in some
Respects from the description of Typlilops porrectus, but still agrees so nearly with that form,
iat I do not like to distinguish it on the strength of a single specimen.
The solitary example obtained is so tightly coiled towards the tail, that all the caudal por-
0n is difficult to examine. The following is a brief description.
Scales smooth, shining, in eighteen longitudinal rows. I count (with great difficulty owing
. 0 the condition of the specimen) 393 scales along the body and eight along the tail. The body
Is much compressed posteriorly, but this is probably due to pressure when coiled. The diame-
ei is nearly the same throughout, the circumference about one-twentictli of the length.
Head short and flat, rostral occupying about one-third of the upper surface, and having its
^ ei’al margins parallel above ; below it is scarcely narrower. Eronto-nasal united to the nasal
°'e the nostril, separate below, the nasals extending a little beliind the end of the rostral,
22
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
but not quite touching. Nostrils rather in front. Prseocular and ocular about equal, neither
of them as large as the nasal, anterior margin of prseocular very convex, that of ocular straig i
and vertical, except on the top of the head, where it is curved hack. Pras frontal, postfronta ,
supraocular, and interparietal scarcely exceeding the back scales in size ; the parietals are con-
siderably broader. Upper labials four, the first very small, in contact with the rostral anc
fronto-nasal ; the second below the fronto-nasal and nasal, and just reaching the prseocular ,
the third between the prseocular and ocular, but not rising much on the side of the heac ,
the fourth, which is considerably the largest, beneath the ocular and extending some distance
back beyond it. Eyes quite invisible.
This differs from the description of T. porreclus in being rather less slender, in bavin-,
fewer longitudinal rows of scales, and only eight instead of eleven to twelve rows rou
the tail, and, to judge by Dr. Stolizcka’s figure, in the smaller size of the frontals, iritei
parietals, and supraoculars.
Family — COL UBR.ID2E.
17. COMPSOSOMA HODGSON I.
Gunther: Rept. Brit. Ind., p. 246; — Stoliczka: Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1870, xxxix, Pt. 2, p- UJ
1, Kashmir.
This specimen, which is young, being only 2P5 inches long, has the scales absolutely
smooth throughout, and a second prseocular, formed of a detached portion of the sUP^
labial series, between the third and fourth labials. A similar specimen has been descri ^
by Stoliczka, loc. cit., from the North-Western Himalayas. Ventrals 227, subcaudals in
pairs.
18. Ptyas mucosus.
1, 2, Kashmir,
These specimens do not differ from the ordinary Indian form. Kashmir must, I slu>u^
think, be at the extremity of this snake’s range to the north-west.
19. Zamenis ravergieri.
Coluber ravergieri, Menetries : Cat. Rais., p. 69 (1832). n ,
Zamenis caudcelineatus, Gunther: Cat. Col. Snakes, Brit. Mus., p. 104 (1858); — Jan. Icon-
livr. 23, PI. iii.
Zamenis ravergieri, Strauch : Schlangen des Russ. Reichs, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Pet., xxi, No- b 1
(1873) ; — W. Blanford: Eastern Persia, ii, p. 417 (1875).
Z. fedtschenkoi, Strauch: Schlangen des Russ. Reichs., p. 135, PI. iv (1873).
1, Yarkand. ; 2, 3, Yangihissar.
The spots on the head and back are larger than in Persian specimens, and s0^n ^aS
resemble those of Z. cliadema, whilst the dark band along the upper part of the al
haf
a
REPTILIA.
23
tendency to be broken into spots, and the bands along the sides of the tail are faint or
wanting. Otherwise there appears to be no constant difference.
The colouration is that of the form to which Dr. Strauch has given the name of
%-fedtschenkoi, and which is mainly distinguished from the typical Z. ravergieri by the
tail being spotted instead of striped. Dr. Strauch adds that, as a rule, in Z. fedtschenkoi
the number of longitudinal rows of scales is twenty-three, twenty-one being the exception,
whilst the reverse is found in Z. ravergieri. He also calls attention to a slight difference
111 the form of the head, which is rather broader and less depressed in the first-named form.
fedtschenkoi is said to be common in Russian Turkestan.
In the three specimens from Eastern Turkestan, the rows of scales round the body are
twenty-one in number, and the head is of the same form as in typical Z. ravergieri. I have
already 1 shown that the two forms pass into each other in Persia, and the specimens from
-Eastern Turkestan tend to the same conclusion.
In both the specimens from Yangihissar, there are three postoculars on each side, but only
tw°, as usual, in the Yarkand example. In the latter there are 222 ventrals and ninety-one
pairs of subcaudals.
20. Tropidonottjs hydrtts.
1, Kashghar ; 2-15, Yangihissar, Eastern Turkestan.
This snake is apparently as common in Eastern Turkestan as it is, according to Strauch,3
. artker to the westward. The specimen from Kashghar was procured on the 2nd February, and
ls n°ted on the label as having been found frozen in a field ; the Yangihissar specimens were
ejected in April.
The majority of the snakes of this species obtained in Eastern Turkestan appear to have
e postoculars. They are olivaceous above, with the back spots rather indistinct as a rule,
aad a great portion of the ventral shields is black.
21. Tropidonotus platyceps.
1, Mari ; 2, 3, Kashin ir.
jj. ^ can see no difference between these specimens and those from other parts of the
lmalayas. This species, which had previously been obtained by Dr. J erdon in Kashmir,3
to f?arS to *)e one °f the Himalayan forms, like Compsosoma hodgsom, wliich range farther
l(' aorth-west than do most of the species characteristic of the Himalayan region.
Family — PSAMMOPHIDuE.
22. Taphrometopum lineolattjm.
coluler ( Taphrom etopon) lineolatum, Brandt : Bull. Ac. Sci. St. Pet., iii, p. 243 (1837) Peters : Proc.
Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 47.
1 Eastern Persia, ii, p. 418. | 2 Schlang. Russ. Reichs., p. 173-
3 Stoliczka: Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1870, xxxix, Pt. 2, p. 192.
24
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Psammophis dona, Jan. : De Fil., Viag. in Persia, p. 356.
Taphrometopon lineolaimn, St ranch : Schlang. Russ. Reich s, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Pet., xxi, No. h
p. 185, PI. v ; — W. Blanf. : Eastern Pers., ii, p. 422.
1, Beshterek, south of Karghalik, Eastern Turkestan.
This characteristic Central Asiatic snake has been fully described and figured by Strauch-
The only specimen obtained is of moderate size, being 33J mclies long, of which the tai
measures 8. Yentrals 195, subcaudals about a hundred, the last three or four injured. The
markings on the hack are rather less distinct than in Strauch’s figure, those on the belly are more
developed, there being a subtriangular blackish mark in the middle on the anterior shields ,
this passes gradually into a trapezoidal dusky patch, with black lateral margins in the centre,
and a row of black spots along the side, and this again gradually into two obliqne lines on
each side of the ventrals, becoming fainter posteriorly, hut quite visible as far as the com-
mencement of the tail. Similar colouration is described by Strauch as occurring rn 11
specimen from Krasnovodsk, and another of unknown locality, loc. cit., p. 192.
Family — FI PERU) PE.
23. VlPEKA OBTUSA.
Dwigubsky, teste Strauch; — W. Blanf. : Eastern Persia, ii, p. 428. j
V. etiphratica, Martin : Proe. Zool. Soc., 1838, p. 82; — Strauch: Schlangen Russ. Reichs, Mem. -^c‘
Sci. St. Pet., xxi, No. 4, p. 221, PI. vi.
Echidna, matirilanica, Dum. and Bibr. : Erp. Gen., vii, p. 1431.
1, Kashmir.
In structure this specimen agrees fully with one which I obtained in Persia, hut tb®
colouration is very different, being almost uniform dark olive, with a little mottling of Pa
straw colour on the labials, chin, and ventral shields.
The discovery of this species in Kashmir adds considerably to its known range. It
found in Northern Africa, Asia Minor, and other parts of Western Asia, the Trans-Caucasi
provinces of Russia, and Persia.
Family— CROP ALII) PE.
24. Halts himalayanus.
87'
Gunther : Rept. Brit. Ind., p. 393, PI. xxiv, fig. A ; — Steindachner : Novara Reise, Iteptilien, p-
1, Mari, Punjab; 2, Kashmir P or Indus valley near Dras.
In both specimens there are twenty-one rows of scales round the body, not twenty-th ^
Steindachner has already pointed out that the number is variable. In two specimens^
the Indian Museum, one from north-east of Simla, the other labelled from Ladak, the
number of rows of scales occurs conf. Anderson : Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, P- ^
from these specimens, it would appear that twTenty-one is the number most frequent
with to the westward. Dr. Gunther’s original specimens, with twenty-three rows o sC
were from Garhwal.
AMPHIBIA.
25
AMPHIBIA.
The Amphibia are very poorly represented in Dr. Stoliczka’s collections. Only four
pecies are represented, and only one was procured from Eastern Turkestan ; all are well
tto’tvn forms of Batrachia. No examples of Erodela were met with.
Order BATRACHIA.
Family — UANID2E.
1. RAN A CYANOPHLYCTIS.
Schneider apud Gunther : Repfc. Brit. Ind., p. 406; — Stoliczka: Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1870, xxxix,
Pt. 2, p. 146; Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, pp. 85, 102,130;— W. Blanf. : Jour. As. Soe. Bengal!
xxxix, Pt. 2, p. 374; Eastern Persia, ii, p. 433.
1 — 3, between Mari and Kashmir.
species had previously been recorded by Dr. Stoliczka from Mari. It is common
pa'^Tyhout the peninsula of India, and is the only abundant frog in the dry western
1 s of the country, Kachh (Cutch), Sind, &c., extending to the west into Baluchistan.
2. DlPLOPELMA CARNATIC TJ M .
Engy stoma carnaticum, Jerdon: Jour. As. Soe. Bengal, 1853, xxii, p. 534.
Mphpelma carnaticum, Jerdon: Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1870, p. 85 ;— Stoliczka : Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,
1870, xxxix, p. 154; Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, p. 110.
■? D. ornatum, Dum. Bib., apud Gunther: Kept. Brit. India, p. 417; see also Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875,
p. 568.
1, Tinali, on the road from Mari to Kashmir.
b0j^'!lC S^n8'le specimen obtained agrees very well with specimens in the Indian Museum
aw, e Peninsula India and Burma. No representative of the genus had, so far as I am
S .een Previously met with so far to the north-west,
hs not without some hesitation that I retain the name D. carnaticum for this species,
at ](, tether has recently repeated his opinion that both Engy stoma carnaticum (in part
hlcnC S i ai1.^ ru^rum °i' J erdon, or rather specimens identified as such by J erdon, are
E, clCa E- ornatum of Dumeril and Bibron, but Dr. Jerdon has pointed out that
^^y!l-Cl^Gum d°es n°t a8Tee with Dumeril and Bibron’s description, whilst the form
that f ^talahar, whence the type of E. ornatum was obtained, is probably distinct from
E. Central and Northern India. I must say that I feel much doubt as to whether
by ^ n°ticum is the species described by Dumeril and Bibron, the colouration described
With it 86 au^ors differing greatly from that of the present form, so far as I am acquainted
26
SECOND YAKKAND MISSION.
3. Bufo vibidis.
Laur. apud Steindachner : Novara Expedition, Amphibien, p. 40 ; — Stoliczka : Jour. As. &o ■ 3
xxxix, 1870, p. 155; Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, pp. 113, 131.
1-3, Kashmir; 4-11, Yarkand ; 12-15, Yangihissar ; 16-23, Kashghar ; 24, Zung, Wakhan.
The Kashmir specimens appear to differ a little from those of Turkestan. They
a shorter fourth toe on the hind foot, and the parotoid glands are somewhat more elo »
The differences, however, are not great, and specimens from Persia and from various I
of the Himalayas appear to he intermediate to some extent.
4. Bufo calamita?
1, Kashmir.
• • T find aa
A single very young toad from Kashmir probably belongs to this species. ^
older specimen, also from Kashmir, and presented by Dr. Jerdon, in the Indian Museiun^
the two agree well in colouration, hut I cannot find the characteristic gland on the leg 1
young specimen. Its absence may, however, he due to immaturity.
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
REPTILIA.
PLATE L
Fig. 1. Stellio stoliczlcanus , adult.
2. „ „ young.
,, 3, Stellio agrorensis , and head of the same from above.
„ 4. P hr g no c ep halus axillaris.
Plaube I .
Tifch.
Mintern Bros imp.
t,
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
REPTILI A.
PLATE II.
Fig. 1. Gymnodactylus microtis.
„ 2. G. elongatus .
„ 3. Eremias yarJcandensis, with sketches of head from above and from the side.
,, 4. E. garkandensis, var. saturata, sketch of head from side.
5. E. vermiculala, and sketches of head from above and from the side.
>>
II ■eq.'BjJ
R Jfatmi. del. stlifli. Mntem Bros imp.
f
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
4k
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION;
4
BASED UPON THE COLLECTIONS AND NOTES
OP THE LATE
FERDINAND STOLICZKA, PhD.
ICHTHYOLOGY.
BY
FRANCIS DAY, F.L.S., F.Z.S.
fhblishcb bn orbcr of the dobevnment of Into.
#
CALCUTTA :
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING.
1878.
CALCUTTA :
PRINTED BT TITE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING,
8, HASTINGS STREET.
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
ICHTHYOLOGY.
By FRANCIS DAY, F.L.S., F.Z.S.
rpHE foHowing descriptions refer to the entire collection of fishes obtained during the
expedition (except, so far as I know, two specimens'). With them I have compared
some types of Steindachner’s excellent paper on Dr. Stoliczka’s “Fishes of Tibet” (Verh. z.-b.
Gres. Wien, 1866), which specimens were given me by Dr. Stoliczka.
Mr. Hume, C.B., has since then obtained a few more skins of fishes from those regions
through the exertions of Dr. Scully. These have likewise been forwarded to me ; and one
aPpears to be a very aberrant form of Vlychoharbus.
Order PHYSOSTOMI.
Family — SIL JJRIDJE
1. EXOSTOMA ST0LICZK2E. Plate I, fig. 1.
Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 782.
D. A, P. TV, y. h A. 6, C. 15.
Length of head from 4 in the young2 to 5§, of caudal 8, height of body 7 3 in the total
°ngth. Eyes minute, situated in the middle of the length of the head; the width of the
lnterorbital space equals half that of the snout, or the distance between the eye and hind
2 mj1086 ^W0 sPecimens are in the British Museum.
fjg^^e 10 remarkable difference in the comparative length of the head to that of the total length is shown in the following
3 specimens 4 inches in length. Head 4 to 4$ in the total length.
4 „ 4'2 to 4-5 „ „ 4£ to 5J „
5 ,, 5*0 to 5*7 ,, ,) 5 to 5s
3 „ 6*0 to 6*6 „ „ 5| to 5| ,,
2 „ 7 » 51 to 5i „
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
nostril. Head depressed, as broad as long, and obtusely rounded. Mouth inferior ; lips
thick, and studded with small tubercular elevations ; the upper and lower lips continuous at
the angle of the mouth ; but the transverse fold across the lower jaw is interrupted in the
middle. Nostrils close together, the anterior round and patent, the posterior tubular: a
barbel divides the two nostrils ; it is situated on a bridge of skin, below which the two
nostrils are continuous. Barbels : the nasal ones reach the hind edge of the eye ; the maxil-
lary ones have a broad basal attachment, and reach the root of the pectoral. Of the mandi-
bular barbels the anterior are situated just behind the inner end of the lower labial fold •
they are shorter than the outer pair, which latter extend to the gill-opening. GUI-open^!)
situated on the side of the head in front and above the base of the pectoral fin. Teeth ■
several rows of pointed ones in each jaw, of which the outer is slightly the larger, rather
wide apart, and with rather obtuse summits. Fins : the dorsal arises midway between the
snout and the commencement of the adipose fin ; its greatest height is one-third more than
the length of its base ; its spine is rudimentary and enveloped in slcin. Adipose dorsal very
long and low. Pectoral nearly as long as the head, having its outer half horizontal and its
inner vertical ; its spine is rudimentary, with a broad, striated, cutaneous covering. "V entra
of a similar form to the pectoral : its first and a portion of its second ray also with a striate
cutaneous covering ; the fin commences on a vertical line falling just behind the base of t w
dorsal fin ; it is rather nearer the snout than the posterior end of the adipose dorsal, an
commences midway between the bases of the ventral and caudal fins ; it is half higher than
long. Caudal cut almost square. Eree portion of the tail half higher than long- ^
tuberculated from the head, along the lower surface of the body, to nearly as far as the a
of the ventrals. Colours ; of a dull yellowish green, becoming lightest along the abdomen
Eins yellowish, with dark edges or bands.
IIab. Basgo, Snima, and Leh on the Upper Indus. The longest specimen 7 inches i
length. . of
I propose here to shortly remark upon the distinction between the six species
Exostoma at present known —
A. — Teeth in jaws pointed,
1. Fxostoma labiatum. — Lower labial fold uninterrupted. The interspace between
first and adipose dorsal fins equals two-thirds the length of the latter. Anal commences mn
nearer the base of the caudal than the base of the ventral. Mishmi Mountains, East Assain
2. E. blythii. — Lower labial fold interrupted. Interspace between dorsal fins
slight. Anal commences in last third of distance between ventral and base of cau
Head-waters or affluents of Ganges.
3. E, berdmorei, — Snout more pointed. Caudal forked. Tenasserim.
4. E. davidi1. — The interspace between the first and adipose dorsal fins equals
length of the latter, Pectoral reaches the ventral. Eastern Tibet. 0f
5. E. stoliezkee, — Lower labial fold interrupted. Anal commences nearer the
the ventral than that of the caudal. Pectoral does not extend to the ventral. Uppel
of Indus.
B. Outer row of teeth flattened.
6. E, andersonii. — Lowrer labial fold interrupted. Bhamo, Burmah.
paters
1 Ch'marrichthys davidi, Sauvage.
ICHTHYOLOGY.
3
Family— CYPliWIDM
The majority of the fishes in the collection consist of carps, those from the more elevated
regions being confined to such as have the vent and base of the anal fin hounded by a row of
tiled scales, or the ubiquitous Loaches.
2. Oreinus sinuattjs.
Only one species of Oreinus exists in this collection, the 0. sinuatus, Heckel, from Leh
in Ladak, and which has likewise been captured in Kashmir. Although some of the fish
'vere obtained in Kashmir, where the genus Oreinus has representatives, there was no example
from that locality.
Having observed upon the great variation in proportions existing in a species of Exostoma
captured on the hills, it may he worth while drawing attention to the same fact as occurring
fa specimens of this genus. Thus, in examining the following ten examples of O. richard-
s°nii, Gray, in the British Museum, I found them as follows : —
4 specimens, in spirit, from 3'3 to 3'8 inclies in length. Head from 4 to 4§ in the total.
1 specimen, in spirit, 4 inches in length. Head 4f in the total.
4.1
^3 »
5
H
3. ScmzoTHORAX chrysochlores. Plate I, fig. 2.
Eacoma drgsocMorus, McClelland, Cal. Journ. Nat. Hist., ii., p. 577., t. xv., £. o.
Schizothorax lidduljohi, Gunther, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, xvii., p. 400.
Schizothorax chrysochlorus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 784.
B. iii. D. £-8, p. 18, Y. 10, A. I, C. 20, L. 1. 110 to 120.
Length of head to 5|, of caudal 6 to 6}, height of body 6^ in the total length.
-Eyes : Diameter 5-*- (in a fish 7 inches long), 7 to 9 in the length of head, 2 to 2y diameters
Lcm the end of snout, and the same apart. Upper surface of the head nearly flat ; its
^idth rather exceeds its height, and equals half its length. Snout rather compressed, and
overhanging the upper jaw. Mouth directed forwards, horseshoe-shaped, the lower labial
°fd interrupted in the middle. The maxilla reaches to below the front nostril. The depth
pf the cleft of the mouth equals the width of its gape. A very thin horny covering to the
■'Aside of the lower jaw. Posterior edge of opercle cut square. Earbels : the rostral ones
long as the eye, the maxillary rather longer, sometimes twice as long, and reaching to
cueath the middle or hind edge of the orbit. Teeth pharyngeal 5, 3, 2, 2, 3, 5 pointed, and
^i.th rather compressed summits. Fins : the dorsal, which is as high as the body, arises
’Ridway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal, its last undivided ray
osseous, strong, finely serrated posteriorly, from a little longer than the head, in a specimen
1 9 inches in length, to the length in the adult. Pectoral as long as the head excluding
e snout ; it reaches halfway to the base of the anal. Anal, when laid flat, reaches about
stuffed, 10
„ 15
„ 18
4
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
halfway to the base of the caudal, which latter fin is forked. Scales : the row which bears
the lateral line consists of larger scales than those above or below it ; those forming the ana
sheath are equal to half a diameter of the eye. Colours greyish along the back, becom
ing yellowish- white on the sides and beneath ; a black mark over the eye, and a few dull spo s
on the back.
Sab. Kashghar, Yangihissar, and Yarkand, up to 20 inches in length : also Afghanistan-
Dr. Scully collected four specimens in Kashghar (4,043 feet above the sea), which axe
13, 16, 17, and 18 inches respectively in length.
4. SCHIZOTHOEAX PTJNCTATTTS. Plate I, fig. 3.
Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 785.
B. iii., D. |, P. 20, Y. 11, A. f, C. 20.
Length of head 3f to 4, caudal 5a, height of body 6 to 7 in the total length. Eyes '
diameter 6f in the length of head, 2a diameters from end of snout, and 2 apart. In +
orbital space flat. The greatest width of the head exceeds its height by one-fourth, and is
of its length. Mouth anterior, with the upper jaw somewhat the longer ; the cleft co
mencing opposite the middle of the eyes, whilst the maxilla reaches to below the front e
of the orbit. Lower labial fold interrupted in the middle. A thin striated homy covering
to the lower jaw. Barbels : the maxillary ones equal the diameter of the eye ; the r°s
ones are slightly longer. Fins : dorsal rather higher than the body ; it commences mxdw .J
between the front edge of the eye and the base of the caudal fin ; its last ixndivided ray
strong, coarsely serrated posteriorly, and as long as the postorbital portion of the be •
Pectoral does not quite reach the ventral, which latter arises on a vertical line be °
the first articulated dorsal ray, and extends two-thirds of the distance to the anal. -A-na
rather above twice as deep as its base is long ; when laid flat it does not extend to t n
commencement of the caudal. Free portion of the tail one-half longer than deep at i
highest part. Scales : those along the lateral line larger than those above or below * ^
The tiled row along the base of the anal fin small, and equalling one-third of the diamc e
of the orbit. Colours : silvery, covered with largish black spots.
Bacoma nobilis, M’Clelland, lias more fleshy lips, whilst the mouth appears more tra
verse, as in Oreinus, and the under jaw much the shorter.
Sab. Kashmir Lake.
5. Schizothoeax esocinus. Plate I, fig. 4.
Schizothorax esocinus, Heekel, Fische Kasch, p. 48, t. ix. ; McClelland, Cal. Jouru. Nat. Hi >
p. 579; Gunther, Cat. vii., p. 166. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 785.
B. iii., D. |, P. 20, Y. 10, A. 7, C. 20.
Length of head 4a to 4a, of caudal 5f ; height of body 7a in the total length.
diameter 6a in the length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout and also apart- ^
orbital space flat. The greatest width of the head equals its height or its postorbital en
Mouth very slightly oblique, horse-shoeshaped, the upper jaw longer than the lower, ^
maxilla reaching to ncraly below the front edge of the eye. Lower labial fold inter ru
ICHTHYOLOGY.
In the middle. A horny covering to inside of lower jaw. Barbels : the rostral ones more
than half longer than the eye, reaching to below its first third ; the maxillary ones are
slightly shorter. Fins : the dorsal as high as the body ; it commences midway between the
nostrils and the base of the caudal ; its last undivided ray osseous, coarsely serrated poste-
riorly, and its bony portion being as long as the head, excluding the snout. Pectoral does
not quite reach the ventral, which latter fin commences on a vertical line slightly behind
the origin of the dorsal, and extends two-thirds of the distance to the anal. Length of
base of anal \ of its height ; it reaches, when laid flat, to the base of the caudal, which
iatter fin is deeply forked. Free portion of the tail as high at its base as it is long.
Colours silvery, with numerous black spots, most distinct in the upper half of the body.
FLab. Leh, on the Upper Indus, Kashmir, and Afghanistan.
6. SCHIZOTIIOBAX INTERMEDITJS. Plate II, fig. 1.
Sc/tizot/iorax intermedins , M’Clell., Cal. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1842, ii, p. 579; Gunther, Cat. vii,
p. 165.
B. iii., D. 74-8, P. 19, Y. 10, A. f, C. 20, L. 1. 105.
Length of head 4f, of caudal 5 to 6, height of body 6 in the total length. Byes :
diameter 5 J in the length of head, If diameter from the end of snout and also apart,
dipper surface of the head flat; its greatest width equals its postorbital length, whilst its
height equals its length excluding the snout. Upper jaw rather longer than the lower, and
not overhung by the snout. Mouth liorseshoe-shaped, the depth of the cleft equalling the
width of its gape. The maxilla reaches to below the hind nostril. Lower labial fold
interrupted in the middle. A thin, smooth, deciduous horny covering to the lower jaw.
Barbels four, as long as the eye in the young, longer in the adult. Teeth : pharyngeal, 5, 8,
2, 3, 5, pointed and rather crooked at their summits. Fins : dorsal as high as the body
in the young, not quite so high in the adult ; it commences midway between the end of
The snout or front nostril and base of the caudal ; its last undivided ray strong, rather
coarsely serrated posteriorly, one-half to two-thirds as long as the head in the immature, four-
fifths of its length in the adult. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout, and reach-
ing more than half-way to the base of the ventral, which latter fin arises below the first dorsal
,,ay and extends more than half-way to the anal. The length of the base of the anal equals
balf its height, which latter equals the length of the pectoral ; if laid flat it almost reaches
Tbc base of the caudal, which is forked. Scales : depth of those in tiled row equals half a
diameter of the eye. Free portion of the tait about as high at its commencement as it is
°ng. Colours silvery, usually without spots ; hut in some specimens from Yangihissar there
are minute black spots on the upper half of the body.
^ FLab. Kashghar, Yangihissar, and Sarikol. M’Clelland likewise obtained it (through
Griffith) from Afghanistan, the Cabul River at Jellalabad, and Tarnuck River. He sent three
specimens to the East India Museum.
7. Schizothorax microcektalus. Plate III, fig. 2.
Day, Proe. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 787.
B. iii., D. P. 18, V. 11, A. f, C. 18, L. 1. 105, L. tr. 25/.
Length of head 5 to 5J, of caudal 6, height of body 5f to 6 in the total length. Eyes .
diameter 7 in the length of head, 2j diameters from end of snout, and 2j apait. Interorbital,
B
6
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
gape; lower
Barbels '■
space flat. The greatest width of the head equals its length behind the middle of the eyes ,
its height equals its length excluding the snout. Mouth broad, anterior, with the UPP®
jaw the longer, and overhung by the snout; the cleft of the mouth nearly horizontal : ]
extends to below the hind nostril, and is scarcely above half the extent of its
labial fold interrupted in the middle. A thin horny covering to the lower jaw
the rostral ones reach to below the hind edge of the eye, the maxillary ones to the hmc
edge of the preopercle. Fins : dorsal anteriorly nearly as high as the body, commencing
slightly nearer the snout than the base of the caudal fin, or midway between the two ; ^s
last undivided ray weak, articulated, and with some very small obsolete denticulations
posteriorly about its centre (absent in some specimens). Pectoral as long as the head behm
the front nostril, and reaching rather above half-way to the ventral, which latter is shorter
than the pectoral, reaching about half-way to the base of the anal. Anal almost reaching base
of caudal when laid flat, the length of its base being only one-third of its height. Caudal wi '
rounded lobes. Eree portion of the tail rather longer than high. Scales: in the first thir
of the body those along the lateral line are larger than those above or below them, bu
posteriorly they are of the same size ; the tiled row equal about half the diameter of ie
eye. Colour silvery.
M’Clelland says of S. edeniana that its spine is slender, soft, and denticulated at i s
base, hut the reflected fold of the lower lip is uninterrupted. Bacoma gobioides, M Cle •>
from the Bamean River, shows the head almost as short as in this species ; but it has a str°u»
serrated dorsal spine, whilst that fin is on an elevated base. The anal does not appear to reac
above half-way to the base of the caudal.
Bab. The specimens are from Panjah (9,000 feet) in Wakhan, the waters going to t w
Oxus. The dorsal spine approaches that of Ftychobarbus.
8. SCHIZOTHORAX IRREGULARIS. Plate IY, fig. 1.
Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 787.
? Schizothorax edeniana, M'Clell., Cal. Jouvn. Nat. Hist, ii, p. 579.
B. iii, D. |, P. 18, Y. 9, A. f, C. 20, L. 1. 98, L. tr. 26/.
Length of head 5, of caudal 6, height of body 6 in the total length. Eyes : diameter 6a
in the length of head, 2^ diameters from the end of snout, and about 2 apart. Interor
space nearly flat. The greatest width of the head equals its height or its length behmc ^
orbit. Mouth narrow ; the upper jaw slightly the longer, and only slightly overhung by ^
snout. Cleft of mouth a little oblique, its width equal to its length, and the maxilla iea^
ing to beneath the front nostril. Lips very thick, lobed in the centre, and with an interrup
labial fold. Barbels : the rostral ones reach to below the front edge of the eye ; the maxi ^
ones are one-half longer than the diameter of the eye. Fins : dorsal anteriorly about two-
as high as the body below it : its last undivided ray weak, very feebly serrated posterior^
whilst the extent of its osseous portion does not exceed one-third of the length o
head ; the fin commences midway between the front edge of the eye and the base o
caudal fin. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout, and reaching half-way t° ^ ^
ventral, which latter is rather shorter and extends rather more than half-way to the aS®
the anal. Anal two-fifths as long at its base as it is high ; when laid flat it almost reac ies
caudal, which latter is slightly forked. Free portion of the tail rather longer than lug a
base. Scales : those behind the pectoral region to as far as the end of the anal, and b6^3^, ye
lateral line, are much smaller than those above the lateral line. The tiled row small, no a
ICHTHYOLOGY.
7
half the diameter of the eye. Colours silvery, becoming lightest and glossed with gold below
the lateral line.
1 Jab. The specimen described is stuffed, and 20,5 inches in length. It was obtained at
Tash-kurgan in Sarikol. If this is identical with S. edeniana, M’Clell., it is also found in
the Cabul River, in the My dan Yalley, and Sir-i-chusmah.
9. Schizothorax nastjs. Plate IY, fig 3.
Schizothorax nasus, Hectel, Fisclic Kasck., p. 33, t. vi. ; Gunther, Cat. vii., p. 166.
B. iii, D. |, P. 18, Y. 10, A. f, C. 19, L. 1. 90-100.
Length of head 4§, of caudal 5|, height of body 5 in the total length. Eyes : diameter
°i in the length of head, diameter from the end of snout, and also apart. Dorsal profile
ttiore convex than that of the abdomen. Upper surface of the head nearly flat ; its greatest
width equals its postorbital length, while its height equals its length excluding the snout,
fi pper jaw rather longer than the lower and overhung by the snout. Mouth: liorseshoe-shaped,
As gape equalling its cleft. The maxilla reaches to below the hind nostril. Lower labial
fold interrupted. Barbels : four ; the maxillary ones two-thirds as long as the eye ; the
rostral ones slightly shorter. Fins : dorsal as high as the body below it ; it commences
midway between the middle of the eye and the base of the caudal fin ; its last undivided ray
is strong, rather coarsely serrated, and nearly as long as the head. Pectoral about as long as
the head excluding the snout, and reaching above half-way to the base of the ventral, which
fatter fin arises below the last undivided dorsal ray, reaching half-way to the base of the
anal, which is above twice as high as wride at its base, and nearly reaches the caudal when
laid flat. Scales : depth of those in the tiled row scarcely one-third of the diameter of the
eye. Pree portion of the tail not quite so high at its commencement as it is long. Colours :
silvery, with black spots on the upper half of the body.
This species has a more elevated dorsal profile and shorter barbels than S. intermedins.
FLab. Kashmir Lake.
10. Ptychobarbus conirostris. Plate III, fig. 3.
Ptychobarbus conirostris, Steindachner, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien., 1866, p. 789, t. xvii, f. 4; Gun-
ther, Cat. vii., p. 169.
B. iii, D. |, P. 22, Y. 10, A. 7-8, C. 19, L. 1. 95, L. tr. 24/.
Length of head 4f to 5, of caudal 7j, height of body 65 to 6f in the total length. Eyes :
diameter from 4J to 5^ in the length of the head, 2 diameters from the end of snout, and
H apart. The greatest width of the head equals its postorbital length, but is slightly less than
lts height. Mouth : horseshoe-shaped, with the upper jaw a little the longer, and rather
fu erhung by the snout ; the maxilla reaches to below the front edge of the eye. Lower labial
0 d very broad, uninterrupted, and with a cleft in the median line posteriorly. Barbels :
a pair at the angle of the mouth, which reach the posterior edge of the preopercle ; in a small
specimen, 3T inches long, they only equal half a diameter of the eye in extent. Teeth ;
P laryngeal ones in two rows. Fins : the dorsal commences mucli nearer the snout than the
iase of the caudal, its entire base being equidistant from these two points ; it has no osseous
1 aJ' j and is as high as the body below it. Pectoral as long as the head behind the nostrils, and
8
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
does not reach quite so far as the ventral, which latter fin arises under the last few dorsa
rays and reaches two-thirds of the distance to the base of the anal. The anal, when laid hi ’
reaches the base of the caudal, its base is 2 J in its height. Scales : the tiled row small, 110
one-third of the diameter of the eye. Colours : silvery, darkest along the hack and uppel
half of body, where most of the scales have black margins, thus causing small reticulations
in the colour. Upper surface of the head spotted with black ; some dark spots on the dors
fin, and sometimes a few light ones on the caudal.
Sab. Head-waters of Indus, Hanle in Tibet, and Chiliscomo, near Dras.
its
11. Ptychobarbtjs laticeps. Plate III, fig. 1.
Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876. p. 789.
B. iii, D. |, P. 18, Y. 9, A. ?, C. 20, L. 1. 145.
Length of head 4 of caudal 9^, height of body 7 in the total length. Syes : diameter
12 in the length of head, 2J diameters from the end of snout, and also apart. Mouth antei ior>
with the lower jaw somewhat the longer; the depth of the cleft of the mouth equals half ^
width of the gape. Upper surface of the head broad, its width being nearly twice its heig
No lower labial fold under the mandible. Barbels: a maxillary pair as long as the eyes
Fins: dorsal arises slightly nearer the base of the caudal than the end of the snout
last undivided ray weak, articulated at its extremity, and not serrated. Pectoral two-
as long as the head. Ventral arises below the anterior dorsal rays. Caudal forked. & V- n> A- C- 19-
Length of head 5 to 5f, of caudal 5J to 5§, height of body 7 to 8 in the total length.
Eyes : diameter 4 to 5 in the length of head, 1 to 1^ diameters from end of snout, and ly to
2 apart. The greatest width of the head equals its length behind the middle of the eyes ,
und its height equals its length excluding the snout. Mouth inferior, overhung by the
suout ; the maxilla reaches to below the front edge of the eye. A sharp, anterior, homy
edge to the mandible. Barbels absent. Fins : the dorsal commences about midway between
the end of the snout and the root of the caudal ; its upper edge is nearly straight, oblique;
the fin is as high as the body below it, and one-third higher than its base is long ; its last
Undivided ray osseous and finely serrated posteriorly. Pectoral not quite so long as the head,
and reaching rather above half-way to the ventral, which latter, arising below the middle of
the dorsal, is slightly the shorter, and does not reach the anal. Anal, when laid flat, reaches
the base of the caudal ; it is rather above twice as high as its base is long. Caudal deeply
forked. Pree portion of the tail as high as long. Lateral line at first descends gent y, anc
then reascending, attains the middle of the body opposite the posterior extremity of the orsa
hn. Colours olive superiorly, becoming white on the sides and beneath ; the w io e covcrcc
^ith irregular blackish spots. .
The ova are comparatively large. The serrated dorsal spine is stronges m specimens
from Leh. . . . , , ,
These fishes appear to he much attacked by parasites, which occasion ye ouis i c eva ec
tubercles, not only on the head and body, hut also on the dorsal fin.
One specimen, from Balakchi, had a shot (No. 2) imbedded in the ist imus, w lere
Parts around it had healed. . non <» n
Hub. Leh, Tankse, and fry or small fish from Lukong and Chagra (15,090 feet),
all from waters directly or indirectly going to the Indus. Some y rom an ° ,
haters of which go to the Yarkand River \ Aktash, Upper Kara-kul and 1 anjah, tribute
<* the Oxus or Amu River. This fish has also been taken at Gnari Khorsum by Sclilagmtweit.
it -.i-ti.i'iii -i AL+atned from waters tliat flow intotlie Yarkand
I am very dubious of these specimens, and hardly think they can have bee Qxus . and | fiud by the diary that
on 5 aV’he adults have not 1)6611 obtained thence- The adnlt, however, has bee - ^ valley where a stream enters the
the day the specimens in question were captured the camp was at Sarikol, a
Ri
uay rae specimens in quesri'
iSU Ewer, a tributary of the Oxus.
10
SECOND YADKAND MISSION.
Largest specimen 8’5 inches in length. There is also a specimen from Balakchi, the stream8
there apparently flowing towards the Yarkand Diver, which goes to the east.
14. Diptychtjs maculatus. Plate II, fig. 3.
Dipiyclius maculatus, Steindackner, Verk, z.-b. Ges. Wien., 1866, p. 787 ; Gunther, Cat. vii., P-
171. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1S76, p. 792.
Dijptychus severzowi, Kessler, Fisk. Turkestan, p. 17, t. iv, £. 12.
B. iii, D. g, P. 19, Y. 9, A. B C. 19, L. 1. 80-90.
Length of head 5 to 6, of caudal 5 to 6; height of body 7-g- to 8 in the total length.
Eyes : diameter 4| in the young to 6 in the adult in the length of the head, lj to 2 diameter
from the end of snout, and 1-g- apart. The greatest width of the head equals its height, oi 1
length behind the front edge or middle of the eyes. Mouth transverse, inferior, having nu
anterior sharp horny covering on the lower jaw. Lower labial fold interrupted in the nuc e-
Barbels : one at each maxilla, having thick bases, and hardly so long as the eye. lee
pharyngeal, 4, 3, 3, 4, curved at the outer extremity and pointed. Fins : the u()1®f
commences rather nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, its upper edge is straig 1 ’
it is as high as the body below it, its last undivided ray articulated. Pectoral not quite s^
long as the head ; it reaches rather above half-way to the ventral, which latter commenc^
on a vertical line below the last dorsal ray ; it reaches rather above half-way to the base ^ ^
the anal. Anal when laid flat reaches the base of the caudal ; its height is nearly r
times the length of its base. Scales not imbricated, but scattered over the upper " .
thirds of the body and pectoral region, in which latter locality the skin is often
the tiled row well developed. Eree portion of the tail one-half longer than lug 1
its base. Colours bluish, lightest interiorly, indistinctly blotched and spotted along ^
upper half of the body ; often a narrow, dull band along the lateral line, and a sec0
below it. The dorsal and caudal fins much spotted in some specimens.
The very young are destitute of scales ; they first appear along the lateral line. .
specimen from Basgo, 11 inch long, has no barbel on the left side. There are two spec ^ _
from the west of Sarikol : one has an adipose lid, covering the anterior half of the left
the other has a similar lid covering the lower half of the left eye. Brown tubercles arc ^
mon on some of the specimens, and do not appear to be normal. Some specimens from
have the eye small. eCies-
Biptychus severzowi , from the Divers Aksai and Ottuck appears to be the above sp ^
Bab. Specimens were brought from Kharbu, Basgo, Snima, Leh, Tankse, and
from waters going directly or indirectly to the Indus; from Pasrobat (9,370 fee )> ^
Tarbashi (11,515 feet), whence the waters go to the Yarkand Diver; also from
Sarikol, which goes to the same river. Some specimens are also labelled as from Gn
This fish has also been captured in other parts of Tibet, and likewise in Nepal.
15. Labeo s index sis. Plate II, fig. 4.
Cirrhina sinclensis, Day, Proc. As. Soc., Peng., 1872, p. 319.
B. iii, D. 12-13, P. 18, Y. 9, A. 7, C. 19, L. 1. 43, L. tr. 8-9.
Length of head 6a, of caudal 4a ; height of body 5a in the total length. Byes . ^a^oUt
5a in the length of the head, 2 diameters from the end of the snout, and 24 apai
ICHTHYOLOGY.
11
rather overhanging the mouth, without any lateral lobe. Lips continuous at the angle of the
mouth, and having a thin cartilaginous covering. Barbels : a short maxillary, hut no
rostral pair.
Sab. — Sind, Punjab, and the Deccan. The specimen figured came from Murree.
16. ClRRHINA GOHAMA.
Cyprinus latius and gohama, Hamilton Buchanan, Fishes of Ganges, pp. 846, 393.
Barbus diplo chilus , Ileckel, Fisch. Kasch., p. 53, t. x, f. 1.
Tylognathus barbatulus , Heckel, HiigeFs Reise, iv., p. 376.
Chondrostoma wattanah , Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soe., ii., p. t. 62, f. 4 : Bleeker, Beng., p. 25.
Gonorhynchus brevis, M’Clcll and Ind. Cypr. p. 373, t. 43, f. 6.
Crassocheilus latius and gohama, Bleeker, Prod. Cypr., p. 110; Gunther, Cat. vii., p. 72.
Crassocheilus roslralus, Gunther, loc. cit.
Crossocheilus barbatulus. Gunther, loc. cit.
B. iii., D. & , P. 15, Y. 9, A. C. 19, L. 1. 38-40.
There are several specimens of this fish from the lake in Kashmir; and, curiously
enough, they show the links between Hamilton Buchanan’s and Heckel’s species. All have
a pair of rostral barbels and minute mandibular ones ( C. barbatula ) . Some have 5J, some
rows between the lateral line and base of first dorsal ray. Others possess 3, 3|, and 41
r°ws between the lateral line and base of ventral fin. The proportions, likewise, vary with
age and other causes.
The localities this fish inhabits, and its mode of frequenting stones, very much resemble
those of Biscognat/ms lamta, Hamilton Buchanan, whilst its jaws are wide (not deep) ; and its
Under surface is similarly flattened, but it has no labial sucker.
17. Barbus tor. Plate III, fig. 4.
Cyprinus tor, Hamilton Buchanan, Fishes of Ganges, pp. 305, 388.
Barbus ( Labeobarbus ) kamiltonii. Gray and Hardwicke, Ind. Zool., pi. ; Jerdou, Mad. Journ. Lit.
and Sci., 1849, p. 311.
Barbus progeneius, M’Clell and, Ind. Cyp., pp. 270, 334, pi. lvi, f. 3; Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 208.
Labeobarbus macrolepis, Heekel, Fisch. Kashmir, p. 60, pi. x, f. 2, Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 209.
Labeobarbus tor, Bleeker, Cohit. et Cyp. Ceylon, in Nat. Verb. Holl. Maat. Haar., 1864, p. 10,
f. 2. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 290 ; 1870, p. 372.
Barbus khudree, Sykes, T. Z. S. ii, p. 57.
Barbus tor, Cuv. and Val., xvi, p. 199.
Barbus ( Barbodes ) tor, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, pp. 270, 334.
„ mo sal, Gunther, Cat. vii, p. 130.
„ macrolepis, Gunther, Cat. vii, p. 131.
„ longispinis, Gunther, Cat. vii, p. 132.
B. iii, D. a, P. 18, V. 9, A. f, C. 19, L. 1. 23-24, L. tr. 4/4
This fish, the Mahaseer of India, is too well known to need describing.
12
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Habitat. — Erom Sind throughout India and Ceylon, and generally ascending mountain
rivers for the purpose of breeding. Should such rivers be snow-fed, it deposits its ova in the
side streams.
Before describing the Loaches, I will give my reasons why it appears to me that the
genus Biplophysa, Kessler, may probably he a synonym of Nemacheilus.
It is said to consist of “ elongated fishes, strongly compressed posteriorly,” which we
perceive in Nemacheilus stoliczkce and N. yarkandensis ; but in an equally elongated species
N. tenuis , the free portion of the tail is not compressed, hut is as wide as deep.
“ The eyes are surrounded with a fold of skin forming a lid.” This is also perceived m
specimens amongst the species I have enumerated from Yarkand ; and I have likewise noted
that some of the other fishes from the same cold region have folds of skin more or less cover-
ing the eyes.
“ Dips fleshy, the upper more or less denticulated, the inferior bilobed, and more or less
papillated.” I have figured the inferior surface of the head of all the Loaches; and
although some, as AT. stoliczkce and N. tenuis , have the lips as described by Kessler, the
N. yarkandensis has not, whilst the three certainly cannot he separated into distinct genera.
“ Air-vessel in two parts, the anterior enclosed in a bony capsule, the posterior elongated
and free in the abdominal cavity.” This is the only portion of Kessler’s definition not perceived
in these fishes in which the air-vessel is enclosed in bone ; and I cannot resist suggest-
ing a re-examination of Western Turkestan specimens. It would bo very remarkable were
the Nemacheili found in Europe, in fact throughout Asia, even in the Oxus, to have their
air-vessels enclosed in bone, whereas in the river Hi going to Lake Balkash, and the river
Urdjar falling into Lake Ala (Ala-kul), they have the same organ partially free in the
abdomen, as is seen in genus Bolia. But granting Kessler’s description to be accurate, 1
cannot think that such a fact alone would justify instituting a new genus for the reception or
his species.
The reason for air-vessels being more or less enclosed in hone in some fishes is obscure ;
and I some time since adverted, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ to the circum-
stance of such not being infrequent in Indian Siluridce.
I found amongst the Indian genera of Siluroids of the fresh waters, or those which enterec
fresh waters, as follows : —
A. — Air-vessel, when present, free in the abdominal cavity —
1. Rita ; 2. Erethistes ; 3. Pseudeutropius ; 4. Silurus ; 5. Olyra ; 6. Macrones ; *
Ccillichrous ; 8. Wallago ; 9. Arius ; 10. Hemipimelodus ;l 11. Osteogeniosus >
12. JBatrachocephalus ; 13. Pmgasius ; 14. Plotosus. Of these, five (^oS‘
9, 10, 11, 12, and 14) are marine forms, entering fresh waters for predaceous
purposes.
JB. — Air vessel more or less enclosed in bone —
1. Ailia ; 2. Ailiichthys ; 3. Sisor ; 4. Bagarms ; 5. Amblyceps ; 6. Saccobranchus ,
7. Silundia ; 8. Eutropiichthys ; 9. Gagata ; 10. Nangra ; 11. Pseudecheneis >
12. Exostoma ; 13. Glorias; 14. Glyptosternum. All of these are fresh w a 01
genera.
1 Hemipimelodus appears to be Arius destitute of teetb on the palate.
ICHTHYOLOGY.
13
These fourteen fresh water genera having the air-vessel enclosed in hone are divisible
follows : —
1. — Waters of plains —
(«.) — Large rivers- No suckers on the chest : — Ailia, Ailiichthys, Sisor, Bagarius,
Silundia, Eutropiichthys , Gagata, Nangra.
(g.)— Large rivers : descending to the sea. An accessory air-breathing apparatus
Clarias.
(7.) — Smaller rivers, tanks, &c. An accessory air-breathing sac: — Saccobranchus .
2. — Waters of the plains or hills —
No sucker on chest : — Amblyceps.
Sucker on chest: — Glyptosternum.
3. — Waters of hills —
Sucker on chest : — Pseudecheneis.
Chest adhesive : — Exostoma.
As we find genera with the air-vessel enclosed in hone decrease in number the further
'vve are from Hindustan Proper, it is hut natural to conclude that the necessity for this bony
capsule is greater in India than in other tropical countries, and also that it is only useful for
freshwater forms.
When we see that all fishes (except the Nemacheili ) from Yarkand have the air-vessel
free in the abdominal cavity, it stands to reason that heat or cold can scarcely be that which
Evolves the necessity of this form of organization.
It appears most probable that the air vessel being more or less enclosed in bone is for
fhe purpose of developing some function specially required or to an abnormal extent, and that
■whatever this may be it is most necessary in a mountain torrent, but unnecessary in a
marine existence.
We find in fishes that the air-vessel has two distinct functions —
(1) .- — In the Acanthopterygii, where it is free in the abdominal cavity, its use is more
0r less a mechanical one, and by contracting or expanding the fish is enabled to maintain
itself at a desired level.
(2) .- — In the Physostomi we find a very different formation, as in all there is a duct
°pening from the air-vessel into the upper portion of the alimentary canal. In some of
these fishes the mechanical function appears to be alone served by it. In others, that of
mating seems to entirely supersede that for flotation, for being more or less enclosed in bone
Contraction and expansion wrould be impeded. These bones or auditory ossicles lead to the
mternai ear, and it is evident that in some way the air vessel serves for auditory purposes
to an extent for which we, at present, are hardly in a position to account.
It is remarkable that Siluroid forms do not appear to thrive in cold climates. The
C yprinincs of this collection have all small scales, or are more or less destitute of any ;
;;hilst the Loaches of Yarkand and Tibet have none at all; neither have those recorded fiom
10 Oxns or the Jaxartes. ...
There is one characteristic of the hill Loaches which seems almost invariable . t c
Pectoral fins are stiff at their bases, as if employed for adhesive purposes. I have observed
tbe outer ray in some of the Loaches of the plains forming a distinct bony ray with an
mdargod and flattened outer extremity : but this is used for the purpose of assisting them to
into the sand, in which they will bury themselves with great rapidity on the approach of
danger.
D
14
SECOND YARKAND MISSION,
18. Nemacheiltjs stoliczk.e Plate Y, fig. 2.
Colitis stoliczlcce, Steindachner, Yerh. z.-b., Ges. Wien., 1866, p. 793, t. xiv, f. 2.
Colitis tenuicauda, Steindachner loc. cit. p. 792, t. xvii., f. 3.
N emacheilus stoliczkm, Gunther, Cat. vii, p. 360.
Nemacieilus tenuicauda, Gunther, loc. cit., p. 357.
B. iii, D. -I, p. 13, Y. 8, A. f, C. 15.
Length of head 6, of caudal 6 ; height of body 8 in the total length. Byes : diameter 8
in the length of head, 3 diameters from the end of snout, and 2 apart. Snout roun<^(’
slightly projecting over the mouth. Lips rugose ; and in some specimens from Yarkand t re
edges are fimbriated : lower lip with a lobe on either side, hut the lower labial fold interrup
in the middle. The greatest width of the head equals its height, or its length exchi »
the snout. In some specimens the preorbital has a free lower edge. Barbels six, .
maxillary ones reach beyond the hind edge of the eye ; the rostral ones are shorter. -p
the dorsal commences midway between the eye and the base of the caudal, it is one-
higher than its base is long, and equals the greatest depth of the body ; its last ray is 1 n*0llO.
to its base ; its upper edge is oblique, with a rounded anterior angle. Pectoral nearly, as »
as the head, and reaching rather above half-way to the ventral ; the latter fin arises
vertical line below the anterior dorsal rays, is almost as long as the pectoral, and rea •
above half-way to the anal. Anal with a very narrow base : caudal slightly emarg ^
Pree portion of the tail from twice to two-and-a-half times as long as high at its 1
Scales : absent. Air-vessel : in two portions, enclosed in bone. Colours : greyish alon
the
hands-
back, becoming lighter beneath, marbled all over with dark green or black spots or
Dorsal, caudal, and sometimes outer pectoral rays barred.
In specimens from Sarikol the snout is rather more pointed than described above.
Bab. — Leh (11,518 feet); Snima; Lukong stream (14,130 feet); and Chagra (j^^
feet), ail being waters directly or indirectly going to the Indus. Also Yarkand ( ’ ^
feet) and Sarikol, where the waters go to the easterly or Yarkand River; and A'
(12,600 feet), which is on the Aksu or Oxus. _
I have a specimen in my collection given me by Dr. Stoliczka : he procured it,
with those sent to Steindachner, from the Tso-Morari in Rupshu (Tibet), on his filS
to that country.
19. Nemaciieilus yakkandensis. Plate V, fig. 3.
Day, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1876, page 796.
B. iii, D. f, P. 17, Y. 8, A. f, C. 15.
Length of head 4J, of caudal 6, height of body 6f in the total length. Byes •' )art.
6 to 7 in the length of the head, 2| diameters from the end of snout, and 2 to
Snout : rather elevated in the adult. Upper surface of the head nearly flat ; its grea * ^ _ qp
equals its height or its length excluding the snout. Mouth inferior, horseshoe-shape.^’.
smooth, lower labial fold interrupted in the middle and destitute of lobes. Barbels s^JnceS
maxillary ones reach (in adults) the angle of the preopercle. Fins : the dorsal com
ICHTHYOLOGY.
15
midway between tbe front edge of the eye and the base of the caudal fin ; its npper edge is
straight and oblique ; its height rather exceeds that of the body below it, and is one-fourth
more than the extent of its base. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout, and
reaching two-thirds of the distance to the ventral. Ventral commences below tbe first dorsal
ray, is shorter than the pectoral, and reaches two-thirds of the distance to the anal. Anal
twice as high as wide at its base. Caudal emarginate, its outer rays being a little produced.
Ihee portion of the tail at its commencement nearly equals its length in the adult, but is
less in the young. Scales absent. Air-vessel in two portions, enclosed in bone. Colours :
greyish, having in some specimens numerous fine blackish or dark spots on the body. In
some there is a silvery lateral band.
Hah. — Yarkand, Pasrobat, Yangiliissar, and Kashgliar, all from waters in connection
with the Yarkand and Yangihissar or Great Easterly Hiver.
20. Nemacheilus tenuis. Plate V, fig. 4.
Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, page 796.
B. iii, D. 8!9, P. 13, V. 8, A. J-, C. 17.
Length of head 5g to 5^, of caudal *l\, height of body 9 to 10 in the total length.
Eyes : diameter 5| in the length of head, 2J diameters from the end of snout, and 1 apart-
Snout rather compressed and overhanging the mouth ; the greatest width of the head equals
its height or its length excluding the snout. In some specimens the lower edge of the
preorbital is free. Lips thickened and fimbriated in the adult ; lower labial fold interrupted in
the middle, and rather lobed on either side. Barbels six ; the outer rostral pair extend to be-
low the hind edge of the eye, the maxillary ones to the opercle in the adult. Fins : dorsal
commences midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal fin ; its upper
f dge is slightly concave, with a rounded upper angle ; it is rather more than one-half higher
than the extent of its base or than the body below it. Pectoral nearly as long as the head,
and reaches rather above half-way to the ventral, which latter commences under the third
dorsal ray ; is as long as the pectoral, and reaches the base of the anal. Anal twice as high
as wide at its base. Caudal slightly emarginate. Eree portion of the tail one-third as high
at its base as it is long, while its breadth equals its height. Scales absent. Air-vessel in
two portions, enclosed in bone. Colours : yellowish white, the surface and sides sometimes
with dark blotches and spots : dorsal and caudal fins with dull spots.
This fish is allied to N. ladacensis , Gunther, but is distinguished by a more elongated
body and longer barbels, &c.
Ilab. Aktash (12,600 feet elevation), whence the waters pass to the Oxus ; and Yangi-
nissar (4,320 feet elevation), where the rivers go to the Yarkand Hiver.
21. Nemacheilus ladacensis. Plate IV, fig. 4.
Nemacheilus ladacensis, Gunther, Cat. vii, p. 356.
B. iii., D. |, P. 13, V. 9, A. C. 19.
_ Length of head 5, of caudal 5f ; height of body 5-| in the total length. Eyes : diameter
0 to 51 in the length of head, 2j diameters from end of snout, and 2 apart. Greatest width
1
16
SECOND YAEKAND MISSION.
of head equals its height or its length excluding the snout. Lips moderately thick and
rugose ; lower labial fold interrupted in the middle. Barbels 6 ; the maxillary ones scarcely
reach to below the front edge of the eye, the longest rostral ones to below the front nostril-
Fins : dorsal commences midway between the front edge of the eye and the base of
the caudal fin : it is as high as the body below it and half higher than its base 1S
long; its upper anterior corner rounded. Pectoral as long as the head behind the
angle of the mouth, and reaching nearly to the ventral, which latter fin arises below tin
commencement of the dorsal fin : it is shorter than the pectoral, but extends to the base o
the anal. Anal twice as high as long, and reaches above half-way to the base of the caucia
which is emarginate. Free portion of the tail twice as long as high at its base. Scales
absent. Colours : of a light fawn, with sixteen or eighteen interrupted darker and sinuous
hands passing from the hack down the sides ; a silvery lateral hand. Dorsal and caucia
finely spotted in lines : a darkish hand on pectoral, ventral and anal.
Sab. Gnari Khorsum, Tibet. The specimen described is the largest of two obtained by
Messrs, von Schlagintweit, and deposited in the Indian Museum. The size of the Britis
Museum specimen, and the broken state of its caudal fin, must he accepted as the reason
why my proportion of the free portion of the tail does not agree with Dr. Gunther’s (neai „
i) ; whilst I find the caudal fin “emarginate,” and not “rounded.”
22. Nemacheiltjs gracilis. Plate IV, fig. 5.
Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 798.
B. iii, D. 4, P. 13, Y. 8, A. 4, C. 17.
Length of head
51,
of caudal 6-r, height of body 6! ; in the total length.
diameter 11 in length of head, 4 diameters from end of snout, and 21 apart.
overhanging the mouth. The greatest width of the head equals its height or its lel|^
excluding the snout. Lips thickened; lower labial fold interrupted in the middle and ia
lobed on either side. Barbels six; the maxillary ones nearly twice as long as the ey° ’
external rostral ones reach the hind nostril ; the other pair are shorter. Fins : dorsal co
mences midway between the eye and vertical border of the preopercle ; its upper ec » ■
nearly straight ; it is not quite so high as the body below it, and one-fourth less than^^
extent of its base. Pectoral as long as the head behind the angle of the mouth ; it tu ^
rather above half-way to the base of the ventral, which latter fin arises somewhat in ac \ <• ^
of the commencement of the dorsal ; it is of about the same length as the pectoral, an ^
tends half-way to the anal. Anal twice as high as wide at its base : it reaches, when lai ^
a little more than half-way to the base of the caudal, which is slightly emarginate. ^
portion of the tail half as high at its base as it is long. Scales absent. Colours hi on
along the back, becoming yellowish beneath : dorsal and caudal with dull spots.
Sab. Basgo, on the head waters of the Indus.
ICHTHYOLOGY. 17
23. Nemacheilus marmoeatus. Plate V, fig. 1.
Colitis marmoraia , Hcekel, Fiscbe K ascii., p. 76, t. xii., figs. 1 and 2 : Hiigel, Kasclim. iv.,
p. 380.
Colitis viltata, Heckel, loc. cit. p. 80, t. xii., figs. 3 and 4; Hligel, loc. cit. p. 382.
Nemacheilus marmoratus , Giintlier, Cat. vii., p. 356 ; Day, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1876, p. 798.
B. iii, D. f, P. 11, Y. 7, A. b C. 17.
Length of head 4f to 5, of caudal 7, height of body 7 in the total length. Eyes : dia-
meter 5 in length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout, and 1^ apart. Snout somewhat
pointed ; and in some the preorhital is slightly projecting, Lips wrinkled ; the lower labial
fold interrupted. The greatest width of the head equals its height or its length excluding
the snout. Barbels : the maxillary ones reach to below the hind edge of the eye ; the ros-
tral ones are nearly as long, Fins : dorsal commences midway between the end of the snout
and the base of the caudal ; its upper edge is nearly straight, oblique, and with rounded angles ;
its height rather exceeds that of the body below it ; and it is nearly twice as high as its base
is long. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout, and extending half-wray to the
ventral. Ventral one-third shorter than the pectoral, and reaching half-way to the anal*
Anal twice as high as long at its base. Caudal cut square, with rounded angles or slightly
emarginate. Pree portion of the tail from one-and-a-half to twice as long as high at its base.
Scales absent. Colours marbled or irregularly blotched and spotted with brown ; fins also
more or less spotted.
Ilab. Kashmir Lake.
24. Nemacheilus rupicola.
Schistura rupicola, McClelland. Journ. A. Soe. Bengal, vii., pi. lv, fig. 3, and Ind. Cypr., p. 309,
pi. lvii., f. 3.
The Kashmir species are almost or quite destitute of scales, and otherwise a^iet with
M’Clelland’s fish.
25. Nemacheilus micrors.1
Colitis microps, Steindaehuer, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien., 1866, p. 794, t. xiii., f. 3.
Nemacheilus microps, Giintlier, Cat. vii., p. 357.
This species is entirely destitute of scales. The head is as wide as it is long. It was
obtained by Dr. Stoliczka in Tibet on his first journey, hut no specimens exist amongst t le
Yarkand collection.
1 Oreias Dabryi, Sauvage, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1874, p. 3, is closely allied -o thi. A ec'
18
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
If we examine the localities whence the fishes which form this collection were procured,
omitting the Murree and Kashmir examples, we find as follows : —
Name of species.
Exostoma stoliczlcce ...
Oreinus sinuatus
Schizothorax esocinus
chrysochlorus
■ intermedius
irregularis
Ptychobarbus conirostris
Head waters of
Indus.
Yarkand river, or its
branches.
Oxus, or its
tributaries.
laticeps
longiceps
Schizopygopsis stoliczhiB
Diptychus maculatus ...
Nemacheilus stoliczkce
gracilis ...
yarlcandensis
— — — tenuis ...
Total
Thus, we have eight species from the head- waters of the Indus, two of which eX^e1^
to the great easterly, or Yarkand, River of Eastern Turkestan, and one to the Oxus ^
Western Turkestan; nine species from the Yarkand River, two common to the Indus ^
three to the Oxus ; and four species from the Oxus, three of which are also found 111
Yarkand River, and one in the head waters of the Indus. _ • Qn
If these species are examined in accordance with the districts traversed by this JV 1
and mapped out by Mr. Hume, we obtain the following results : — ecjeS
(1st). — Erom the hilly region between Murree and the Zoji-la Pass, there exists one sp ^
of Schizothorax showing an affinity to the Turkestan fauna : one Orem > ^
Himalayan genus : and two species of Nemacheilus, a genus common
Turkestan and Hindustan. ttvrnfl*
(2nd). — Erom Zoji-la to the head of the Pankong there are; — one Siluroid,
evidently a Himalayan and hilly form. Of carps, the Himalayan ^
four genera which may be considered as common to Turkestan, and m° ^
the upper hilly regions, viz., Schizothorax, Schizopygopsis , I Hycobar
Diptychus : lastly, a Nemacheilus, an almost universally distributed germ^^
(3rd). — Erom the plains of Yarkand, two species of Schizothorax and two °
bar bus, evidently the most typical forms of the fishes in these elevated ic»
the genus Nemacheilus is likewise represented.
ICHTHYOLOGY.
19
(4th). — Prom the west of Yarkand to the Pamir Schizothorax, Schizopygopsis and
Diptychm, all forms found in Turkestan or adjacent regions, and likewise
Nemacheilm were obtained.
The foregoing species constitute the fish-collection made in the cold and inhospitable
regions traversed by the Mission ; and they are of interest for the purpose of ascertaining
what are the chief characteristics of the fish-fauna, and what relationship it bears to those of
contiguous Asiatic regions, so far as such have been ascertained.
In tliis inquiry it will be necessary to take a survey of the fishes of Afghanistan,
Western Turkestan, and Hindustan, before proceeding further respecting those of Tibet and
Yarkand or Eastern Turkestan.
Most of our knowledge of the fishes of Afghanistan is due to the labours of Griffith,
who remarked “ The characteristic forms of Afghan fish are doubtless the small-scaled
Barbi and Oreini ; and these far exceed the others in number .... The fish are as distinct
from the Indian forms as the plants are .... By characteristic I do not mean that these
forms are limited to Afghanistan, because they occur perhaps to an equal extent in the
Himalayas, to the streams of which those of Afghanistan approximate more or less in the
common features of rapids and bouldery beds.”
Having crossed the high range of mountains separating Afghanistan from the plains of
Western Turkestan, he found “a great change in the fish to occur, and Salmoniclce 1 seem to
take the precedence of the Cyprinidce. A species of trout abounds in the Bamean Biver and
up its small tributaries, derived from the Koh-i-Baba, to an altitude of about 11,000 feet.
A species of Barbus with small scales is likewise common in the Bamean Biver” 2 (Cal.
Journ. Nat., Hist., ii. p. 565).
He observes that Indian species were in the majority in the Cabul river (a tributary of
the Indus) at Peshawur ; and in accordance with the facility or the reverse of access from the
plains did he find a predominance of Indian or Afghan forms. 3
The nature of the fishes of Afghanistan appears to be much as follows : — Absence of
Acanthopterygian or spiny -rayed families, except the spineless and Avidely distributed Ophio-
cephalus gachua, Ham. Buch., and the spiny eel, Mastacembclus armalus , Lacep., so common
in the East from the plains to the summits of mountains. Few Siluroids, but perhaps a
Callichorus and Amblyceps. Numerous Cyprinoids which appear to belong to the following
genera — Oreinus , Schizothorax , Bungicc, from near Herat, Barilius, and a Loach
(? Nemacheilus), perhaps Discognatlms and Barbus.
The fullest account we possess of the fishes of Western Turkestan is that lately given
by Kessler, from which I have extracted the following : —
Acanthopterygii. Berea fluviatilis, Linn., obtained exclusively from the Jaxartes and
some of its tributaries. B. schrenckii, Kess., from Lake Balkash. Lucioperca sandra, Cua .,
from the Jaxartes. Coitus spinulosus, Kess., very rare in Turkestan, tAVo specimens from
Khojend. _
None of these spiny-rayed fishes were captured at so south a latitude as Kas lg iai. ut
°f the four species three came from the Jaxartes or its tributaries, the other from Lake Balkash.
' This remark appears to have been a little too strong, as he only found one species of Sal mo , piobablj. it v,a. \ery
• The stuffed type presented to the British Museum from the Indian Museum seems to have eon os 01 J
3 Griffith states that the Cabul River at Jellakbad presents us with two or three small-scaled^!, (. Ore
together with certain tropical forms, as the Mahasir ( Barbus ) and a Silurus very me, 1 no 1 en ic.i w ’ ,
VaUvru, afgana). Also the same river at Lalpur possesses a fish, I believe, identical with the Nepoora of Assam {Labeo) and
a Q°norhynchus (= Discognatlms) . Griffith also mentions a Loach-like Silurus from near Ju ldiz (. m ycei
20 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Siltjmdje. Siluris glanis, Linn. Generally spread throughout Western Turkestan, having
been received from the Jaxartes, Oxus, and Sarekshan or Tarafshan Rivers.
Cypriniile. Cyprmus carpio, Linn., from the Jaxartes, Oxus, Sarekshan Rivers-
Barbus conocephalus, Kess., from Sarekshan. B. platyrostris , Kess., from the River Aksu
falling into Lake Balkasli. B. lacertoides, Kess., from Jaxartes and its tributaries.
brachycephalus, Kess., from Jaxartes and Oxus. Schizothorax aJcsaiensis, from the River
Aksai. S.fedtschenkoi, Kess., S. afflnis , Kess., and S. eurystomus, Kess., from the Sarekshan
River. S. orientalis, Kess., from a lake on the Alatau Mountains, the waters on the Western
Turkestan side of which drain to Lake Balkasli. JDiplychus severzoioi, Kess., Aksai an
Ottuk Rivers to 10,000 feet. J). dybowskii, Kess., River Aksu. Gobio jluviatilis, Cuv-»
widely distributed in Western Turkestan, specimens received from near the towns of Tashkend,
Khojend, Djisak, and from the Ak Daria. Abramis brama, Linn., Jaxartes and its tribu-
taries. A. sapa, Pallas, rare, from the Jaxartes. Acanthobrama kmchalceivitscki, Kess.,
Jaxartes. Belecns cultratus, Linn., Sea of Aral. Abramis chalcoides, Giild., rather rare,
obtained in the Ak Daria and Durman Kul. A. iblioides, Kess., creeks near Janikurjan.
fasciatus, Nord., Sarekshan. A. tceniatus, Kess., Jaxartes. Aspius rapax , Pallas, Jaxartes
and its tributaries. A. esocinus , Kess., Jaxartes and Oxus. Leuciscus ery throphtha bnus>
Linn., Jaxartes. L. squaliusculus, Kess., from near Khojend on the Jaxartes and Janikurjan-
L. rutilus, Linn., Jaxartes and Aigus Lake.
Cobitidisle. Cobitis longicauda, Kess. (scaled), one specimen from the Jaxartes-
C. uranoscopus, Kess., from near Magian, Tashkend, Hhodjaduk, and Lake Iskander, the
waters of which appear to drain to the Sarekshan River. C. dorsalis, Kess., creeks near Jani-
kurjan. C. elegans, Kess., and C. tcenia, Kess., river near Tashkend, a tributary of tho
Jaxartes. Biplophysa strauchii, Kess., river Hi, falling into Lake Balkasli. JD. labial
Kess., River Ur d jar, falling into Lake Ala.
SalmoniDjE. Salmo oxianus, Kess., river Darant, falling into the Kisil-su, one of tut
upper tributaries of the Oxus.
EsociDiE. JEsox luclus, Linn., Jaxartes and its tributaries.
Ciioxdropterygii. Acipenser schipa, Lovetsky, Jaxartes, Casalius River. Scaphid1!) ,l
chus fedtschenJcoi, Kess., Oxus.
The foregoing fishes of Western Turkestan 1 mainly consist of—
(1st). — Those descending from the north or spreading from the east or west, such a
Berea, Lucioperca , Coitus, Gobio, Abramis, Acanthobrama, Belecus, Albu> illti”
Aspius, 3 qualms, Leuciscus, Acipenser, and Scaphirhynchus. .
(2nd).— Those common to Afghanistan and Yarkand, as Schizothorax, Barbus, Loaches
( ? genus).
(3rd). Those found also in Yarkand, as Schizothorax and Diptychus.
(4tli). — Silurus , (which will be alluded to).
Lastly, Salmo, on the slopes of the mountains where the rivers descend to the Oxus- ^
The existence of one of the Salmonidce, termed Salmo orientalis by M’Clelland, y ^
well known to Dr. Stoliczka ; and a special object of his search (as he informed me previou
to starting) would be to try and ascertain its distribution. Griffith found this fish “in
Bamean River, a stream that falls from the northern declivities of the Hindoo Koosh in
the Oxus.”
1 I have to thank Mr. F. Carl Craemers for kindly translating- some Russian localities, which I should not otherwise have
able to give.
ICHTHYOLOGY.
21
Kessler does not record any of this family from the Jaxartes, or, in fact, from the rivers
immediately descending from the Tian Shan or the Alatau Mountains. TV e are, therefore, left
to surmise that in the hills whence these fishes were taken is the abrupt termination of
members of the family Salmonidce, which does not possess a solitary representative in
Hindustan, except the S. levenensis (introduced on the Nilgiris in Madras).
If we now take a short review of the Fresh Water Fishes of India we find much as
follows : —
AC ANTHOPTER Y GIL
Genera Atnbassis, Badis, Nand/us, Pristotepis, Scicena , Gobius and some allied genera,
F hy nc hob dell a, , Mugil, Anabas, Poly acanthus, Osphromenus, Trichogaster, E tropins
exist in India, hut are absent from the fresh waters of Afghanistan, Turkestan, and
Yarkand. Whether existing only in large rivers or distributed more generally over
India, none pass the boundary of the Himalayas.
Mastacembelus and Ophiocephalm are found in India and in Afghanistan ; both ascend
for some height the Himalayas and other hill ranges.
PHYSOSTOMI.
SilukidtE. Genera Erethistes, Macrones, Pita, Pang asms, Pseudeutropius, Wallago ,
Olyra, Chaca, Clarias , Saccobranchns, Sihmdia, Ailia, Ailiichthys, Eutropiichthys,
Sisor, Gagata, Nangra, Bagarius, Pseudccheneis, Glyptostermm exist in India, but
not in Afganistan, Turkestan or Yarkand.
Callichrous and Amblyceps, which are found in India, appear to be present in Afganistan,
and the former also in Kashmir.
Exostoma is found along the Himalayas ; Silurus in Turkestan and India.
C ypkin ODONTiDiE . Cyprinodon and Haplocheilus are found in India.
CypniNimE. Genera Eomaloptera, Psilorhynchus, Oirrhina, Osteochelus, Scaphiodon,
Semiplotus, Catla, Amblypharyngodon, Nuria, liasbora, Aspidoparia, Rohtee,
Danio, Perilampus, Chela, and various genera of Cobitidince exist in India.
Eiscognathus, Labeo, and Barilms are common to India and Afghanistan, but are evi-
dently Indian forms.
Oreimis, Schizothorax, and Barbus, are found in India, also in Afghanistan, and the
two last in Turkestan, whilst Schizothorax is common in Yarkand. Cobitis or
Nemacheilus seem to extend everywhere.
Clupeid^e and Notopteeid.e. Of the genera belonging to these families, and which
exist in the fresh waters of India, none go beyond the base of the Himalayas.
The Fishes of Yarkand 1 or Eastern Turkestan consist of species of the following genera :
Schizothorax, found also in Afghanistan and Western Turkestan ; one species on the slopes
I here omit the genera Exostoma from the Himalayas, and Oreinus from the Himalayas and Afghanistan.
E
22
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
of the Himalayas, and sometimes even descending to the plains. Diptychus, Tibet, Yarkand
and Western Turkestan. Schizopygopsis, Tibet and Yarkand. Etychobarbus, Tibet and
Yarkand. The remainder are Loaches.
Diptychus Dybowskii, Kess., would almost seem to be a Schizopygopsis with an articulat-
ed dorsal ray and a pair of maxillary barbels. Perhaps several of these hill-genera will) at
some future date, be properly amalgamated, as has been done with the low-country Barbels
(Barbus). *
An examination of the genera of spiny-rayed or Aeanthopterygian fishes clearly shows
that as we proceed inland in India they diminish ; at the Himalayas they cease. Two Indian
species 1 only have been observed to exist in Afghanistan ; and they are amongst the most
widely distributed of their respective genera. Neither of these extends in the north-east, either
to Western Turkestan or Yarkand. In Western Turkestan, it is true, three genera of this
order are represented ; but they have evidently extended southwards. Yarkand and Tibet
appear to be unsuited for this order of fishes : and thence none have been brought.
The Physostomi include all the Yarkand and Tibet fishes. Among Siluroids the Indian
genera CalUchrous and ? Amblyceps have been doubtfully recorded from Afghanistan ; but
neither have spread to Western Turkestan, where, however, the Silurus glams is found, evi-
dently a wanderer from its more northern home.
It is clear that in India there is a gradual diminution of Siluroids as we proceed inland
until we arrive at the Himalayas. On the slopes of these mountains we at first obtain a feVl
peculiar genera and species organized for a mountain-torrent life ; but as wc rise, eventually
(as was the case in this Mission), an elevation is attained which, taken in connection with the
latitude and paucity of food, seems to be beyond the limit of the Indian Siluroids.
The Siluroids along the slopes of the Himalayas appear to be mostly confined to the
following : — A few, as Macrones and CalUchrous , ascend a short distance, which may be con-
sidered accidental. JPseudecheneis is a more distinct hill-form, possessing a sucker formed 0
transverse folds between its pectorals on the chest, and by the aid of which it prevents itspl
being carried away by the torrents. Glyptosternum has also an adhesive sucker, but of longitu-
dinal folds, and likewise placed on the chest. These fishes, however, appear to be moi‘(
intended for rapid rivers in the plains, but some ascend the slopes of the Himalayas. I
taken large specimens from the rivers at the base of the bills in which the suckers w cr<
scarcely visible : whether they had outgrown them, or, owing to the suckers not having be*-11
primarily well developed, they had been unable to maintain their footing in the hill-stream*’
of course, one cannot decide. Amblyceps is a Loach-like form found in the waters of 1 14
plains and also of the hills ; it is abundant near Kangra, Exostoma, an example of wmj^
exists in the Yarkand-Mission collection, is also a remarkable form. It has a broad a*1
depressed head and chest, the latter forming a species of sucker to enable it to sustain
mountain-torrent life.
This fish ( Exostoma stolicskcc) belongs to a genus which has only been recorded r° ,
hilly regions, neither extending to the waters of the comparatively level plateaus of the u^
lands, nor descending any distance towards the plains. -The following six species arc know n • ^
(1) E. stolicskcc , from the head- waters of the Indus; (2) E. blythii, from near Darjee n-,)
where the waters descend to the Ganges; (3) E. labiatmn, from the Mishmi Mountains
Eastern Assam ; (4) E. andersonii, from near Bhamo on the confines of China; (5) ^aCl
1 Ophiocephalus gachua and Mastacemhelus armatus.
ICHTHYOLOGY.
23
from the most easterly portion of Tibet near the headwaters of the Yang-se-kiang; (6) E.
berdrnorei, from Tenasserim.
The distribution of the foregoing six species of this genus is interesting, because it is
suggestive of whether, at some remote period, the Himalayan range, the mountains between
Tibet and China, and the spur or continuation southwards through Burma and Siam, may
11 Qt have been connected one with another.
Whilst adverting to this point, I would mention another circumstance : the only Siluroid
stated to be found in "Western Turkestan is the Silurus glams , Linn. Three other species of
E'e same genus have been captured on the hill-ranges of India; and their distribution
somewhat accords with that of Exostoma —
(1) . — Si turns cockinohmensis, Cuv. & Val. = Silurichthys berdmorei, Blyth, and
(2) .- — Silurus wynaadensis, Day. These fishes, found in hills up to about 2,500 feet,
have been obtained in the Western Ghats, Akyab Hills, Tenasserim and Cochin
China. They would appear to be restricted to those mountains which are not far
removed from the seacoast. How it is that several species of fishes are common
to Malabar and Siam, or the countries contiguous to it, whilst they are entirely
absent from the intermediate districts of India, is a question which I do not pro-
pose entering upon.
(3) .' — -S. afghcma, Gunther, from Afghanistan, is identical with S. dukai, Day, from
Darjeeling.
Cyprmidce form the entire collection of the Yarkand Mission, after its arrival beyond the
upper waters of the Indus. If we examine the members of this family found on the Hima-
layas in the same manner as we have the Siluroids, we find as follows : EiscognatJius , so
easily recognizable by the sucker on the lower lip, is found some distance up the moim-
fains, but is rare above 5,000 feet. Oreinus, with its small scales, broad mouth, and like-
'' 1Sc a sucker behind the lower jaw, becomes more and more common the higher we ascend.
'U' Expedition obtained one species at Leh, in the Upper Indus ; and it has been found
us a genus extending from Afghanistan along the Himalayan Range, and near Bhamo
A the last Yunnan Mission, or the same district as the Siluroid genera Exostoma and
' Hurus. It appears to essentially prefer the sides of hills and impetuous torrents.
*'>oine of the stronger Labeos, Barbels (Barbus), and a Barilins are found here and there
011 Eve slopes and in the side streams of the Himalayas up to very considerable heights.
ley> however, are Indian forms which, if able to do so, appear to migrate during the'
Ueeding-season to the mountains to deposit their ova in the side streams which are unre-
l’ euislied by snow-water. Here the fry are often compelled to remain until the succeeding
.Kdr s rains swell the waters, washing food into their retreats to enable them to grow, or else
° Peruiit them to descend to the plains.
Ence near the summit of these mountains, and beyond districts where adhesive suckeis
U e a uecessity for moderate-sized fishes to possess to prevent their being washed away , w e
01110 upon genera as rare in the plains of India as are the Indian forms at the summit of the
/as.
Kashmir is a locality traversed by this Mission, a hilly Himalayan district, and one
p0, which- it is necessary to refer. In Hiigel and Heckcl’s “Uische aus Kaschmir we find the
lr-
J*unalay;
f'nlm • " L,J
Wlng species recorded : —
Oreinus plagiostomus, Heckel ; O. sinuatus, Heck,
S. longipinuis Heck.; S, niger, Heck,; S. nasus , Ileck.; S. huegelii , Heck.
Schisothorax curvifrons, Heck.
24
SECOND YAEKAND MISSION.
S . micropogon, Heck.; S.pilmifrons, Heck. ; S. csocinus, Heck. ; Cirrhina goharna^
Ham. Buch. ; Barbus tor, Ham. Buch. ; Labeo varicorhinus, Heck. ; Nemac iei 1
marmoratus, Hcclc. ; Callichrous pabda. Ham. Bach.
These fishes demonstrate relationship with three districts : —
Schizothorax with Afghanistan and East and West Turkestan;
Oreinus with the slopes of the Himalayas in their whole extent ;
Cirrhina, Barbus, and Callichrous with the neighbouring fauna of Hindustan.
Haying examined what are the ingredient parts of the fish fauna of Western Turkestan,
Afghanistan, Hindustan, Yarkand or Eastern Turkestan, Tibet, and Kashmir, it will he m ( '
esting to endeavour to discover if these localities are possessed of any indigenous forms, an >
so, how far they extend into contiguous countries. _ oJ,
I do not propose inquiring into whether the great desert region of Central Asia ca11^
cannot he included in one Tartarian subregion ; hut, as the zoology of this portion o
globe is at present rather obscure, I think it will be more useful to limit oneself stnc y
ascertained facts. . o£
Sir D. Eorsytli’s Mission has led naturalists into the fringe of an ichthyological region ^
which Yarkand may be the centre ; certainly it is richer in forms of Schizothoracince
Western Turkestan appears to be. . r_
In the cold and hilly districts of Tibet and Yarkand we observe an absence of SP1J^
rayed and Siluroid fishes ; whilst amongst Carps we see the genera Schizothorax, d U
barbus, S chizopy gopsis, and JDiptychus — fishes belonging to a peculiar division Schizothorac
(or Hill-Barbels of M’Clclland), which may be thus defined : —
Carps more or less covered with minute scales, or destitute of any. A membranous saC ^
slit anterior to the anal fin, which is laterally bounded by a row of vertically placed scales,
eave-tiles, and ivhich are continued along the base of the anal fin.
The fishes composing this are mostly of an elongated form, and are divisible into :
a. Those with transverse mouths, as Oreinus, Btychobarbus, S chizopy gopsis, Diplyc^llS’
b. Those with compressed mouths, as Schizothorax.
The genus Oreinus is spread from the Helmund Biver and Jellalabad in Afghan^1 ’
along the whole Himalayan and contiguous ranges of hills to at least the confines of u
So far as I know, these fishes appear to be strictly residents of rivers in hilly re® I0„
neither descending far into those of the plains nor found on the level plateaus on the s ^
mits of the mountains. This accounts for their absence from the Yarkand collection ■
from the foregoing
^ extracts it appears probable that they are not found to the north o ^
Oxus. This genus appears to be on the outskirts of the rest of its group ; and its nl°
armed with a sucker, to resist its being Trashed away, makes it well able to sustain a n
tain-torrent life. j
The other genera are more or less spread in the following districts. Erom the He ^
Biver and the eastern portion of Afghanistan, the upper part of the Oxus, and the ^a® ^
portion of Western Turkestan, the Tian Shan or Celestial Mountains, and also the
mountains more to the south, they extend along the Himalayan region, certainly as far aS
most easterly part of Assam. local-
These fishes ( Schizothoracince ) are confined to cold regions, as a rule, or at least to ^
ities possessing snow-fed rivers, many of which rivers end in lakes and do not go to lC
ICHTHYOLOGY.
25
They extend from Eastern Afghanistan and Western Turkestan through Tibet, and the most
"westerly portion of China, along the Himalayas to the hills in the Yunnan direction.
Loaches ( Nemacheilus ) are likewise generally distributed ; and it is remarkable, as I
have already observed, that all are scaleless. The same appears the rule in Western
Turkestan.
The conclusion, I think, we may fairly arrive at, after examining the fishes of Yarkand
and the adjoining countries, is that we find a peculiar group of Carps (S cliizothoracince) which
has spread almost due east and west from the cold and elevated regions of Eastern Turkestan,
hut of which the southern progress has been barred by the Himalayas.
If we look to the south, we see, as it were, that a wave of tropical forms of fishes has,
at a prehistoric period, expanded over that portion of the globe where the Nicobars, Anda-
nians, and the most southern portions of the continent of Asia and the islands of the Malay
-Archipelago now are, that this fish fauna has its northward progress arrested by some cause
at or near wrhere the Himalayas now exist and mark the division between the fish-fauna of
India and that of Turkestan.
Vkand Mission
Fishes, Plate 1.
Martin &. Hood.
3. S.PUNCTATUS
1 EXOSTOMA STOLICZKiE. 2. SCH1ZOTHORAX CHRYSOCHLURUS
4. S. ESOCINUS.
i
I
Yarkand Mission. Fishes. Plate 11.
1. SCHIZ 0-THORAX INTERM EDIUS. 2. SCHIZOPYGOPSIO • •TOLICZKA, .
4.CIRRH1NA SINDENSIS.
3. DIPTYCHUS MACH LATU S .
»
s
<
i
i
^"kand ^liss:
Fish.es, Plate 111
Marlm&Hood,
1. PTYCOBARBUS LATICEPS. 2. SCHIZOTHORAX MICROCEPHALUS. 3.PTYC0BARBUS CONIROSTRI:
4. BARBUS TOR.
t
*
1
<
1
I
Fish.es, Plate IF.
YarF
r a i d
'Iks sion.
1, SCHIZOTHORAX IRREGULARIS. 2 , PTYCOBARBUS LONG1CEPS. 3 SCH1ZOTHORAX NASUS.
4*. ETEMACHEILUS LADACENSIS. 5, N. GRACILIS.
<
Fishes, Plate V.
Y;,rkan.|
Minsi
sion.
!rr> del
«. lltll.
Mintem Bros . imp ,
1, NEMA.CHEILUS MARMORATUS. 2, N. STOLIGZILE. 3 , N . YARKANDEN SIS .
4>, N. TENUIS.
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
or
w
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION
BASED UPON THE COLLECTIONS AND NOTES
OF THE LATE
FERDINAND STOLICZKA, Ph. D.
ARANEIDEA,
by the
REVD. O. P. CAMBRIDGE, M.A.,C.M.Z.S.,
Honobaby Membbb of the New Zealand Institute, &c.
fhtblijsheb bp other o£ the ©oberttment of lubia.
CALCUTTA :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OE GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA.
1885.
#
¥
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
ARANEIDEA.
By the REV. O. P. CAMBRIDGE, M.A., C.M.Z.S.,
Honorary ][f ember of the Z\ ew Zealand Institute, $fc.
Introductory Remarks.
'pHE spiders collected by the late Dr. Stoliczka in the Yarkand expedition can by no
means be considered a full, nor perhaps even a fair, representation of the Araneidea
°f the extensive area over which the expedition passed.
Mr. A. O. Hume informs me that this area may be subdivided into five well-marked
regions, and suggests that the spiders found in each should be distinctly ( i.e ., I conclude,
separately) treated. Now, judging from the contents of the collection, I should have
thought that the regions might have been considered as two only, — that is, (1) from Murree to
Cashmere, including the latter as well as the former; and (2) the whole of the rest of the
area travelled over by the expedition, and comprising the neighbourhood of Leh, the route
from Tantze to Chagra and Pankong valley, and from Yarkand to Bursi, as well as Yarkand
ai'd neighbourhood, Kashghar, the hills west of Yarkand, and the Pamir.
In the first of these regions — Murree and Cashmere more than half of the whole
"umber of spiders were collected ; the total number of species is 131; the number from this
region is 69. The leading character of the spiders of this region is European, with a few
"lore distinctly tropical and subtropical species, such as I diops designatus , JEpisinus
aiyirictt#} Phycus sagittatus, Meta mixta, Chorizoopes stoliczlcce and C. congener, Cyrtar-
a°hne pallida, Dicea subargentatu, Monastes dejectus, Sarotes re gins and S. promptus,
Sparassus fugax, Ocyale rectifasciata, Philodromus medius, and Oxyopes jubilans and
preedicta. The leading character of the second region is also European, but with a
G(dded subalpine feature, and no trace scarcely of anything tropical or even subtropical 5
Excepting perhaps Prosthesima cingara, Sparassus fiavidus, and licebe benevola. Of the 69
sPecies found in the Cashmere regions, three only were found in the other regions mentioned ;
a"d one species only, Drassus dispulsus, occurred generally throughout the whole area
Juvelled over, — i.e., in all the five regions specified by Mr. Hume.
2
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
In the systematic list of species following the present descriptions, figures are adde
notifying in which of Mr. Hume’s regions each species occurred. Supplementary lists are
also appended of the spiders found in each separate region, with figures showing in wha
other regions, if any, each occurred. From these lists, it will he seen that one species on }
( that mentioned above) was common to all the five regions ; three others were common to
four of the regions ; four others common to three regions ; and fourteen others common to
two of them ; — sixty-sis of the species being, as above observed, found only in region 1 °
Mr. Hume, corresponding exactly to the first region indicated, as it seems to me, by t ie
character of the spiders themselves.
The regions named by Mr. Hume are : —
(1) “ Cashmere including Murree and the road thence to Cashmere — This compuseS
the spiders noted in my descriptions as Murree, Murree to Sind valley, and Sind valley. ^
(5) “ Ladakh, from the Zojeela Lass to the head of the Lankong Lake. -f ^
comprises the spiders noted in my descriptions as Neighbourhood of Leh, and Tantee
Chagra, and Lankong valley.
(3) “ The mountain masses between the head of the Lankong Lake and the pl(U,n
of Yarkand ,” comprising only the spiders noted as Yarkand to Burst, there being
spiders in the collection labelled as having been obtained during the forward journey from
the Pankong Lake to the plains of Yarkand. . ,
(4) “ The plains of Yarkand ,” comprising the spiders noted as Yarkand and neig '
bourhood, and Yarkand:' Excepting the three species mentioned as subtropical in my sCC^p
region, there were no spiders, in this region 4 of Mr. Hume, differing in character from
general run of those in his regions 2, 3, and 5.
(5) “ The high country icest of Yarkand, the hills leading up to the Lamir, the Larni '
and TPokhan. ■ This comprises the spiders noted as Kdshghar, between Yangihdssaf (>
Sirikol, I angihissar, road across the Lamir from Sirikol to Lavjah and back, and 11
betioeen Sirikol and Aktalla. ^
It will be seen from the above that my first region corresponds exactly with region 1
Mr. Hume, and that my second region includes Mr. Hume’s regions 2, 3, 4, and 5-
The localities noted for each species in my descriptions are those written (I stvppose
Dr. Stoliczka himself) upon the several bottles in which the spiders were contained. ^
attempt had been made to separate the species in each bottle, nor, with one exception, is t >m
anything in Dr. Stoliczka’s diary referring intelligibly to the separate contents of the bo
Dr. Stoliczka’s notes on the spiders are very few, and of the most general description. In . g
one exceptional instance (Diary, p. 3, dated 19th July 1873, Tinali), the note refers to
capture of a £‘ great number of spiders, chiefly Thoursus ” (probably a misprint for lh°nl^
though there were very few Thomisids in this bottle) “and Sphassus [ Sphasiis ] ; among
latter I recognised Sphasus viridanus .” Now, there was not a single example of Sphasf ^
any one of the bottles, excepting in one, which contained no label nor any other °lue el g
to the locality or its contents ; the mention therefore of Sphasus is thus important, an ^
the locality in which the contents of this unlabelled bottle were collected. The P
viridanus alluded to is a Calcutta species, described by Dr. Stoliczka himself (Journ. s^e
Soc., Bengal, vol. xsxviii, p. 220, pi. xx, fig. 1), but is quite distinct from either ol
three species found in this bottle {vide remarks on these species, infra). .. ^cal
Out of the 132 species in the collection, I can only determine 23 as certainly 1C . ce<
with European species already described, leaving 109, which I believe to be new to sci
ARANEIDEA.
3
This appears to be a large proportion of undescribed species, but no more than might be
expected from a district hitherto wholly (so far as I am aware) unknown to arachnologists.
The researches of Alexis Eedtschenko, Reise in Turkestan, lately (in respect at least to the
Araneidea) published by Kronenberg, give 146 species, of which 101 are identified with
known European species. Excepting the Latin descriptions of new species, this work is
written in the Russian language, with which I have, unfortunately, no acquaintance whatever-
Eight only of the spiders described or recorded by Kronenberg appear to me identical with
those contained in Dr. Stoliczka’s collection. These are Epeira tartarica, Ki’on. ; Epeira
cornuta, , Clk. ; Epeira cuourbitina, Clk. ; Tetrugnatha extensa, Linn. ; Pachygnatlia clercki'u
Sund. ; Erigone dentipalpis, Wid. ; Theridion tuberculatum , Kron. ; and Xysticus cristatus,
Clk. At first sight it might seem remarkable that so large a proportion of the collection
made by Eedtschenko in Western Turkestan should be identical with European species, while
so small a proportion out of those collected hy Dr. Stoliczka are similarly identical ; but when
it is borne in mind that more than half of Dr. Stoliczka’s collection was made in Murree and
Cashmere, we need not be surprised at these results, for, indeed, a comparatively small collec-
tion only can be said to have been made in Eastern Turkestan, and that chiefly on the high
mountain ranges and during the wintei’ and eai’ly spring months ; these months being
probably there, as in other analogous districts, the least favourable for the fullest develop-
ment of the Araneidea.
X have ohsei’ved that the number of species contained in Di*. Stoliczka s collection cannot
be by any means considered a full representation of the spiders inhabiting the country travelled
over. The season of the year had probably much to do with this paucity of species, but more
than anything else it may be accounted for when we remember the number of irons Dr-
Stoliczka had In the fire, embracing the whole field of the zoology, as well as of the geology,
°f the districts visited ; instead, therefore, of being surprised at the smallness of the arachno-
logical results of the expedition, we must, under the circumstances, wonder at their extent.
We may look forward now with great interest to future collections made in the north of
India, on the southern slopes of the mountain ranges of Cashmere, and in the plains adjoining,
where we should expect the tropical character of the spiders to become far more marked,
though probably still with a great diversity in the species from those found in the more
central regions of India. No materials, howevei', exist, so far as I am an are, for any com-
parison upon these points; indeed, the materials for comparison with any Indian spiders ai’e,
yet, comparatively small, and but little has been hitherto published upon them.
Order — AEANEIDEA.
Family— THERAPHOSIAES.
Genus —IDIOPS, Perty.
1. — Idiops designates, sp. n., PI- L Eig. 1, £ .
Adult male : length 5| lines ; to the end of falces 6J lines ; length of cephalotliorax
3 lines (nearly) ; breadth rather over 2|.
Cephalotliorax round-oval, truncated at each end and l’ather flattened ; it is of a bright
red -brown colour, and the normal indentations are strongly marked. The caput is a little
elevated above the general level, being rather the highest near the occiput, across which is a
4
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
well-defined, transverse curved depression (or indentation); the convexity of the curve is
directed forwards, and its ends merge in those of the thoracic indentation, which is a s
curved (the convexity of the curve directed backwards) and deeply impressed ; these two
curved indentations enclose a well-defined, somewhat roundish, smooth, and shining aiea ,
a portion of the surface of the caput on each side, in front of this, is transversely rugu ose,
and, together with the rest of the thoracic surface, more or less, though not very tine ' . >
covered with minute tubercular granulosities.
The eyes are of moderate size and disposed in three transverse rows, 2, 2, 4, forming
two widely separated groups, each group placed on a tubercular elevation. Those of e
first, or foremost, row constitute one group close to the fore margin of the caput ; these
appear to be rather the largest of the eight, and are separated from each other bv about an
eye’s diameter ; those of the hinder group (consisting of the second and third rows) form
narrow transverse elongate oval ; the eyes of the second row are also separated by an eye -
diameter, and the length of the row is little, if anything, different from that of the hrs^,
the hinder row is curved (the convexity of the curve being directed backwards); the eyes
this row appear to be smaller than the rest, the middle pair being of an irregular form an
yellowish- wThite colour (the colour of the rest is dark), and considerably further from e
other than each is from the lateral eye of the same row on its side, and the length ol
line formed by those two, hind-central, eyes is a little greater than that of the seco
(or middle row) . 03-
The legs are tolerably strong and of moderate length ; their relative length is 4, 1, > ’
they are of a bright yellow-brown colour, deepening into red-brown on the tibiae (an
some other parts) of those of the first and second pairs; their armature consists of bans
bristles, and spines, but neither of these in any great abundance. The spines are chiefly 01*
the tibiae and metatarsi ; those underneath the first and second pairs (particularly the A1® ^
are the most conspicuous : the tibiae of the first pair are considerably but gradually enlaige
at their fore-extremity on the inner side, the enlargement terminating with a long, strong-
curved, blunt-pointed spur or spine. A little on the inner side behind the base of this spim
is a short and strongish denticulation ; the metatarsi of the first pair are rather abrup • ^
bent towards their fore-extremity, and slightly enlarged in a bluntish angular form on ^
inner side. The tarsi are devoid of any scopula, each ending with three claws ; those of t e
upper pair are strong and pectinated ; the inferior one is small and inconspicuous. _ . g
The palpi are long, rather strong, similar to the legs in colour, and furnished with iaV
and bristles, those beneath the radial joint being the longest and most numerous. This 3011
long, more than double the length of the cubital joint, and nearly equals that of
tibiae of the first pair of legs ; it is of a rather tumid form, and is bent downwards near ^
anterior extremity, on the outer side of which there is a strong oblique indentation extent 0
underneath, and margined above with a somewhat tuberculous ridge armed with short, s*lon?^
tooth-like spines ; the digital joint is short, expanded laterally at its fore-extremity, w U uaj
also somewhat indented, and armed with a few spines ; and the palpal organs are, as ms
simple, though characteristic in detail, consisting of a roundish corneous bulb prolonged
a long, tapering, slightly sinuously- curved, bifid spine, whose extremity, when im-
position of rest, is directed outwards and backwards. inner
The falces are moderately strong and bristly, and have near their extremity, on the
side, a prominence, armed with strong tooth-like spines : their colour is similar to tna
cephalothorax.
ARANEIDEA.
5
The maxillce are moderately long, cylindrical in form, and their fore-extremity, on the
inside, terminates in a moderate-sized angular point.
The labium is of a somewhat quadrate form, though well rounded at its apex and convex
°n its outer surface. The colour of the maxillce and labium is like that of the legs.
The abdomen is short, rather broader behind than before, considerably convex above,
particulaly towards the fore part ; it is furnished with hairs and a few scattered prominent
spines on the upper side, which is of a dark-brownish colour, the under side being of a paler
yellowish-brown. The spinners are four in number in the usual position, and pale yellow in
colour; those of the superior pair are three-jointed, and tolerably strong but short ; those of the
inferior pair, short, small, and one-jointed.
Hab. — Murree, between June the 11th and July the 14th, 1873.
This spider appears to belong to the genus Idiops as restricted by Professor A. Ausserer
ln his work upon this family.
Though allied to 1. syriacus, Cambr., it is certainly distinct from that species, of which,
however, the male has not yet been discovered.
Family — FILISTA TIDES.
Genus — FILISTATA, Latr.
2. — Pilistata skclusa, sp. n., PI. I, Pig. 2, ? .
Immature female : length 2} lines. _ -
In its general form, structure, and appearance this spider is similar to F . testacea , Latr. ,
and some other nearly allied species of the genus.
The cephalo thorax, legs, palpi, and other fore parts are yellow ; the cephalothorax has
a narrow, blackish marginal line, and occasionally there is a blackish longitudinal marking
°n the caput behind the eyes ; these are in the ordinary position and differ little, if at all, in
their relative size from those of the species before mentioned.
The legs are furnished with hairs, bristles, and some spines, the latter not being very
sharp pointed.
The markings of the abdomen furnish a very distinctive character in the present species :
it is of a dull yellowish colour, with a strong, well-defined, dark, rusty-reddish, longitudinal,
median band ; this band tapers towards its hinder part, where it is broken into somewhat
Aguiar patches ; these are continued laterally by some more or less conspicuous oblique
hues of the same colour, forming, in fact, the series of chevrons (or angular markings) more
0r less observable on the hindei half of the abdomen in the greater part of the Araneidea ;
the under side is slightly suffused along the middle, with dull rusty red.
Hab.- -Leh, August or September 1873 ; Panlcong- valley, 15th to 21st September 187o.
Family — D YS DERIDES.
Genus — DYSDERA9 Latr.
3. — Dysdera cylindrica, sp. n., PI. I, Pig- 3, J .
Adult female : length 6^ lines ; length of cephalothorax 2 lines.
The cephalothorax and falces are of a bright, reddish liver-coloured brown , the legs and
6
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
palpi are reddisli-orange coloured; the maxilla ?, labium, and sternum bright orange-brown, ah
the abdomen dull clay-coloured. In these respects there is, therefore, little or no difference
between the present and many other species of Dysdera, nor is there any remarkable differ-
ence either in the form of the cephalothorax or in the position of the eyes ; the surface of the
former, although not marked with any distinct punctures, is not glossy ; the normal grooves
and indentations, though visible, are very slightly defined and it is uniformly but not grea y
convex ; the fore part is broadly truncated, and the caput is a little constricted at the lateiv
margins. The cephalothorax is remarkably small, and short, compared to the length of the
abdomen.
The eyes (six in number) are placed round a slight tubercular elevation close to the
fore part of the caput, the height of the clypeus being not more than equal to the diameter o
one of the foremost eyes ; those of the posterior row (four) are equal in size, contiguous ^
each other, and form, as nearly as possible, a straight transverse line ; immediately in l'ront 0
each lateral eye of this row, is another larger one contiguous to it, and forming an oblique
line in relation to the hinder row, so that the row consisting of the two anterior eyes is ra i
shorter than the hinder row.
The legs are moderate in length and strength, and their relative length is 1, 4, 2, 3. I 1 •
are furnished very sparingly with hairs, and these are chiefly on the under side ; those of i®
third and fourth pairs have also a few short, fine spines ; the tarsi are very short an
terminate with two curved, pectinated claws, beneath which is a small compact claw- 1 ^
behind this the tarsi and the anterior portion of the metatarsi are thickly fringed underm a
with hairs. ^
The palpi are similar to the legs in colour, and are furnished with hairs and bristles,
fore part of the digital joint being rather thickly clothed with them, and its extremity ^
furnished either with two small claws, or else with a short curved dentieulation spring111^
from the base of the ordinary claw ; the hairs and bristles surrounding this part make i
difficult to ascertain this exactly.
The f aloes are moderately long, porrected, and rather hollowed on the inner side of t ^
fore half ; their length does not exceed half that of the cephalothorax, and the front sui a
near their base is furnished with a few minute tubercular granulations. _
The maxillce are rather long, strong, excavated on the side towards the labium, oblupm^
truncated at the extremity, and convexly rounded on the outer side above the point wheie ^
palpi are articulated ; at this point, which is nearly about the middle, the maxillae are very ,s
The labium is rather more than two-thirds of the length of the maxillae, and is '
broad at its base, a little way above which there is a transverse suture or indentation >
sides above this are hollowed; the apex is also hollowed, or strongly, and roundly, inden
The sternum is oval, obtusely pointed behind, truncated before, and strongly impies
at the points between the insertions of the legs. distm*
The abdomen is large and of an oblongo-cylindrical form; this character alone
guishes it at once from all other described species known to me. It is thinly clothe
very short hairs, and the spinners are short and inconspicuous. aller.
The male differs in no essential respect from the female, except in being rather sin
and, of course, in the smaller size of the abdomen, which, however, preserves the same
drical oblong form ; the palpi are very like those of Dysdera cambridgii, Thor. \D-
thrina, Bl.), but the palpal organs are of a much more elongated form.
Rab. — Murree, between June 11th and July 14th, 1873.
ARANEIEEA.
7
Family —DBASSIDES.
Genus — DRASSUS, Walck.
4. — Erassus troglodytes, C. L. Koch.
Erassus troglodytes, C. L. Koch, Lie Araehn. VI, p, 35, Taf. 189, figs. 455, 456.
1 lab. — Examples of this widely-dispersed species were contained in the collection from
the following localities : Yarkand to Bursi, May 28tli to June 17th, 1874; between Sirikol
find Aktallah, 8th to 13th May 1874; Tantze to Chagna and Pankong valley, 35th to 21st
September 1873; Yarkand and neighbourhood, November 1873.
5. — Erassus infletus, sp. n., PI. I, Eig. 4, ? •
Adult female: length 3^ lines.
The cephalothorax is of a rather elongate-oval form, narrowing gradually to the fore-ex-
tremity, which is truncate; the lateral impressions of the caput are very slight ; looked at in
profile, the fore-part of the caput slopes very little forwards, and the hinder (or thoracic
slope) is short, abrupt, and rather rounded. The normal indentations are ill-defined, and the
central thoracic groove is indicated by a short red-brown line; the colour of the cephalo-
thorax is yellow-brown, and it is covered with a grey pubescence, among which are some
flfii'k hairs.
The eyes are in two transverse, slightly curved, and very nearly concentric, curved rows,
dose to the fore margin of the caput ; they are of moderate size, not greatly different in this
respect, and pretty compactly grouped together; those of the front row are very near to-
gether, hut the interval between the two central eyes of this row is rather greater than that
between each and the lateral eye nearest to it; the interval between the latcials of the two
rows is nearly, if not quite, et^ual to the diameter ot the largest of them, w Inch appears to
be that of the front row ; those of the hind-central pair are contiguous to each other, oblique,
of an oval form and pearly lustre, and each is separated from the hind-lateral eye nearest to
if by an interval equal to its own diameter ; the fore-central eyes are the lai gest of the
eight, and the spot on which they are seated appears to he a little prominent ; the height of
tbe clypeus is no more than equal to the diameter of one of the last-mentioned eyes.
The legs are tolerably strong but rather short ; their relative length is 4, 1,2,3; they
arc of a brownish-yellow colour, deepening to reddish-brown on the metataisi and tarsi, and
clothed with greyish pubescence mixed with darker hairs, bristles, and spines , the last
chiefly on those of the third and fourth pairs ; beneath the two claws with which the tarsi
terminate is a small claw-tuft.
The palpi are short, pretty stout, and similar to the legs in colour and clothing ; the
ra ? •
Eemale (not quite adult) : length rather over lines.
Although not adult, this spider has sufficiently characteristic specific marks to entitle it
to description. , . , . ... „ , ,
It resembles Drassus involutus very nearly in colours, but the relative position of the eyes
is quite different. . , , .
The cephalothorax is oval, shorter than that of D. mvolulus, and constricted laterally
at the caput; it is of a pale yellow-brown colour, pretty thickly clothed with short greyish
pubescence
The eyes are in two transverse rows ; the hinder row slightly curved, the front row
shortest and less curved than the hinder one ; the convexity of the curves is directed back-
wards • the height of the clypeus does not exceed, even if it quite equals, the diameter of
one of’ the fore-central eyes; those of the hind-central pair are oval, oblique, and very near
together though separated by a distinct interval, and each is separated from the hind-lateral
on its side by an interval equal to the diameter of the latter ; those of the fore-central pair
are nearly a diameter’s distance from each other, each being very nearly, if not quite,
contiguous to the fore-lateral on its side; those of each lateral pair are placed obliquely,
and are separated by rather less than the diameter of the hind-lateral eye; the four central
eyes form a regular quadrangular figure, whose longitudinal diameter is considerably greater
than its transverse one. ... „ „ rm.
The legs are strong, and moderately long ; their relative length is 4 1, 2, 3. They are
slightly lighter-coloured than the cephalothorax, and are f urnished with hairs (some of
these are of a greyish hue), slender bristles, and spines; these las are tolerably strong
not very long, and almost entirely confined to the tibi® and metatarsi of the third and
fourth pairs, whereon they issue from small red-brown tubercles, on the upper, as well as the
under, side of the joints ; the only spines on the legs of the first and second pairs are one or
two longish ones of a bristle-like nature on the upper side of the femora, and a single short
strong one on the under side, close to the hinder extrennty of the tibim of the second pair;
there is a small black claw-tuft beneath the two terminal tarsal claws, and a thin scopula
beneath the tarsi and metatarsi of the first and second pairs.
The palpi are similar in colour to the legs; the digital joint is longer than the radial,
aud has, besides hairs and bristles, a few stoutish spines.
The falces are short, and not particularly strong; they are directed a little for-
wards, and are of a reddish yellow-brown colour, with some prominent black bristles m
front.
16 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The maxillce are of moderate length and strength, curved over the labium ; impressed
along the middle, and, with the labium, which is of an oblong-oval form, similar to the
falces in colour.
The sternum, is oval, pointed behind, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax.
The abdomen is of an oblong-oval form, rounded behind and truncated before ; it is
of a straw-yellow colour, thinly clothed with hairs, some of which are blackish-brown, an
most numerous at, and below, the fore-extremity of the upper side ; on the fore-half of the
upper side, four impressed spots form a quadrangular figure whose interior side is rather
less than its posterior one, and whose longitudinal is greater than its transverse diameter.
The spinners are tolerably strong, hut not very long ; those of the inferior pair are the longest
and strongest. Such traces of it as were visible indicated that the genital aperture would be
of small size.
Sab. — Yangihissar, April 1874.
Oenus—GNAPEOSA, Latr.
13. — GnaPUOSA STOUCZK2E, sp. n., PI. II, Pig. 12, 3 .
Adult male : length 4} to 4f lines.
Cephalothorax oval, rather broad and truncated before, but only slightly constricted
on the margins at the fore part of the caput ; the hinder slope is rather abrupt, and the
profile line has a slight slope all the way to the eyes. The colour is a dull orange yellow ; the
normal grooves and indentations (which are not very strongly marked) are of a more dusky
hue, the thoracic indentation forming a red-brown line. The surface is clothed with sandy
grey pubescence.
lhe eyes are of tolerable size, and placed, as usual, in two transverse, slightly curved
lows. Ihe convexity of the curve of the hinder row, which is the longest, is directed f°r
wards, so that the interval between the eyes of each lateral pair is as great as that between
the eyes of the fore and hind-central pairs. Those of the hind-central pair are narrow-oral,
placed obliquely, and separated by a rather less interval than their longest diameter, an
each is, as nearly as possible, the same distance from the lateral eye of the same row, on ib
side, as the latter is from the fore-lateral eye opposite to it. Those of the fore-centra
pair are placed on a slight prominence, and are the largest of the eight, 'they are separated
from each other by an interval of rather less than an eye’s diameter, forming a line per-
ceptibly longer than that formed by those of the hind-central pair. Each fore-lateral eye is
very near to the fore-central on its side, but not contiguous to it. The clypeus, in height,
exceeds the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes, and is furnished with a few strong
prominent black bristles.
The legs are strong and moderately long, their relative length being 4, 1, 2, 3. The}
are a little paler than the cephalothorax, and are clothed thinly with a greyish sandy-coloure
pubescence, besides other hairs, bristles, and spines. Excepting a very few on the uPPe^
sides of the femora of all the legs, the spines are confined to the tibiae and metatai si °
those of the thfrd and fourth pairs. The two terminal tarsal claws appear to vary in f _ie
number of their pectinations, which do not exceed three or four at the most, and which 111
the third and fourth pairs seem to be fewer than in the first and second. Beneath these
claws is a small elaw-tuft ; and the tarsi of the first and second pairs have a scopula under
neath them.
ARANEIDEA.
17
The palpi are short and moderately strong, similar to the legs in colour, and furnished
rrith hairs and some long bristles. The radial and cubital joints are short, hut, as nearly as
possible, of equal length and strength. The former terminates at its fore-extremity, on the
°nter side, with a small, tapering, sharp-pointed, curved, reddish-brown, corneous-looking
apophvsis. The digital joint is elongate-oval, rather stouter than the radial, hut not quite
so long as this and the cubital together. The palpal organs are simple, and not very promi-
nent, with a curved, red-brown, tapering, sharp-pointed spine directed forwards at their
fore-extremity near the inner side ; and about the middle of their fore-extremity is another
spine, much smaller, and of a somewhat crooked form.
The f alecs are strong and of moderate length; their direction is a little forwards ; and
they are of a deep rich red-brown colour, clothed in front with long, strong, spinous bristles.
The maxillce are curved, and inclined towards the labium, and their width, across the
middle, is much increased by a development of that part, resembling a large semi-circular lobe
"which gives them a somewhat sub-triangular form. They are also strongly bent, or impressed
transversely, across the middle, and their colour (excepting at the extremities, which are pale
yellowish) is like that of the falces.
The labium is oblong-oval, rounded at the apex, which is of a pale-yellowish hue ; the
colour of the rest being like that of the maxillae.
The sternum is of a slightly heart-shaped, oval form, of a reddish yellow-brown colour,
impressed between the insertions of the legs, and clothed with hairs.
The abdomen is of an oblong-oval form, rounded behind, rather truncated before, and
moderately convex above. It is of a straw-yellow colour ; the normal oblong, . longitudinal
marking on the fore-half of the upper side is generally obsolete ; now and then it is slightly
traceable, and a small patch at its fore-extremity is of a yellow-brown hue. The whole abdo-
men, above and below, is clothed with greyish sandy pubescence, mixed thinly on the upper
side, chieflv, with long, nearly erect, tapering, strongish, black-brown bristles. The spinners
are very unequal in size, those of the inferior pair being much the longest and strongest
The female resembles the male in colour and in all other general characters but differs
m size (being 5 to 6 lines in length), and in having rather longer legs. The genital aperture
is small, of characteristic form, and edged with red-brown. . n
This fine and very distinct species, which I have dedicated to its discoverer, the late Dr.
Stoliczka, was found in the following localities. . , ^ . , T
Sab. — Between Yangiliissar and Sirikol, March 1874; from Yarkand to ursi May
28th to June 17th, 1874; also at Yangiliissar, April 1874; and Kashghar, December 1873.
14, — Gnaphosa plumalis.
Gnaphosa plumalis, Cambr., P. Z. S. 1872, p. 225, pi. xv, fig. 3.
Hab.~ An immature female, which I have no doubt is of this species, was found on the
route from Yarkand to Bursi, May 28tli to June 17tli, 1874.
15. — Gnaphosa mosrens, sp. n., PI- H> Fig. 13, .
Adult female: length 3 to 3| lines.
The whole of the fore part of this spider is of a dull yellow-brown colour ; the falces.
18
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
maxillae, and labium being, however, darker than the rest ; the falces, indeed, are dark
red-brown.
The cephalothorax is oval, truncated both before and behind, and slightly constric e
on the margins at the fore part of the caput. The normal grooves and indentations are
distinct, but not very strongly marked ; the hinder slope is rather abrupt, but convex y
rounded, and the profile line of the upper part is as nearly as possible level, the fore par
of the caput (including the ocular area) rounding, and sloping a little forwards. The surface
is clothed with greyish pubescence, mixed with more erect and darkish hairs and bristles.
The lateral margins are bounded by a black-brown line.
The eyes are in the ordinary position, forming two transverse curved lines ; the convexity
of the curve of the hinder row is directed forwards. This row is the longest and much t ie
most strongly curved, the foremost row being, in fact, almost straight, its convexity ben
rather directed backwards ; thus the interval between the eyes of each lateral pair is considei*
ably greater than that between the fore and hind-central pairs. They are seated on blackis i
tubercles ; those of the hind-central pair are oval, oblique, divided by an interval equal to ie
length of their longest diameter, and, with the fore-central pair, from a square whose f°ie
side is very slightly the shortest ; each of the hind-central eyes is separated from the hint
lateral next to it by more than twice its longest diameter ; the fore-laterals are the largest o
the eight, and each is separated from the fore-central next to it by less than the diameter o.
the latter ; the interval between the fore-centrals being rather greater than this diameter ,
the height of the clypeus is about equal to the space, taken in a longitudinal line, between 16
fore and hind-central pairs.
The legs are strong and moderately long ; their relative length being 4, 1, 2, 3. They
are pretty thickly furnished with hairs, bristles, and spines ; the last are the longest,
are most numerous on those of the third and fourth pairs ; there are, however, several spiues
on the under sides of the tibiae and metatarsi of the first and second pairs also ; beneath the
two terminal claws is a small claw-tuft, and there is a thin scopula beneath the tarsi and a
portion of the metatarsi of the first and second pahs.
JPalpi rather short and slender; the radial joint is rather longer than the cubital, an
the digital joint is longer than the radial, and slightly suffused with reddish brown. They
are furnished with hairs, bristles, and a few slender spines, and terminate with a sing e
curved claw. .
The fa Ices are strong, moderate in length, rather prominent near the base in front, an
furnished with long prominent bristles and hairs.
The maxillae are curved, and considerably inclined to the labium ; and are enlarged iu
rather semi-circular form at the outer side, so as to be very broad across the middle, where
they are also strongly impressed.
The labium is of an oval form, truncated at its base, and rounded at the apex.
The sternum is oval, pointed behind, and depressed between the insertions of the legs-
The abdomen is oblong-oval, truncated before, rounded behind, and not very eon
above, but projecting a little over the base of the cephalothorax; it is of a deep mouse- 1 ^
colour with three or four transverse bars of different lengths, and tending to run one
the other, formed by silky-grey pubescence on the fore-half of the upper side; these
succeeded by several transverse, blackish, but inconspicuous, angular lines or chevrons ton
the spinners. A silky-grey pubescence appears to be also more or less dispersed on the n
part ; and the whole upper side is more or less speckled with black points, some of w i >
ABANEIDEA.
19
on the fore-half, may be traced in two longitudinal central lines converging backwards, as is
indicating tlie position of the normal, but here obsolete, dorsal marking ; the fore margin if
furnished beneath with a tuft of long, strong, upturned bristles ; the under side is of a uni-
form yellowish mouse-brown colour : the spinners of the inferior pair are yellow-brown, and
inuch the largest and strongest.
The male resembles the female in all general characters, colours, and markings, and
differs but very little in size. The palpi are short but moderately strong. The radial joint
|s a little shorter than the cubital, and has its fore extremity, near the outer side, produced
lnt° a tolerably strong, rather long, tapering-pointed apophysis, the point spinous-looking, red-
brown, and slightly bent or curved; this apophysis is about equal to the joint itself in
length. The digital joint is large, of an elongate-oval form, hairy, and rather longer than the
radial and cubital joints together ; the palpal organs arc well developed, but simple, with a
tolerably strong, sharp pointed, slightly curved process of a brightish red-brown colour
situated on their inner side, and directed to their fore extremity.
Sab. — Hills between Sirikol and Aktalla, May 8th to 13th, 1874; between Yangihissar
and Sirikol, March 1874 ; and from Yarkand to Bursi, May 28th to June 17th, 1874.
Genua — PBOSTEESIMA, L. Koch.
16. — Prosthesima cingara, Camb.
Prosthesima cingara, Cambr., P. Z. S., 1874, p. 382, pi. li, fig. 10, $ .
The female only of this spider has been described. The following is a description of the
male.
Adult male : length 2 lines.
Ceplialothorax oval, broadest towards the hinder part, whence it narrows gradually
f° the fore extremity ; its upper side is flattened-convex above, and a little highest at its
posterior extremity ; it is smooth, of a deep, rich brown colour, and thinly clothed with hairs.
The eyes are in two very slightly curved rows, the curves directed backwards, and the
front row the shortest ; those of the hind-central pair are small, oval, but not placed
°bliqUe]y, near to each other, but separated by a distinct interval, less than that which divides
each from the hind-lateral on its side ; the fore-lateral eyes are the largest of the eight, and
fbe hind-centrals the smallest ; the fore-centrals are divided by an interval rather greater than
a diameter, and each is almost contiguous to the fore-lateral on its side ; the interval between
sack hind-lateral eye and the hind-central next to it is nearly about the same as that which
divides the eyes of each lateral pair. The height of the clypeus is less than half that of
the facial space.
The legs are moderate in length and strength, the femora strongly incrassated on their
uPper sides ; they are furnished with hairs, bristles, and spines, the last chiefly on the tibiae
aad metatarsi of the third and fourth pairs. Their colour is deep blackish-brown, that
°t the metatarsi and tarsi being of a dull yellowislx-brown hue.
palpi are moderately long and strong and of a brownish-yellow colour ; the radial is
rather less than the cubital joint in length, and has its fore extremity on the outer side pro-
nged into a strong, tapering, pointed, dark red-brown, straight, and rather prominent
aP°Physis, as long as, if not longer than, the joint itself ; the digital joint is large, oval, hairy,
and of a yellowish-brown colour ; its length exceeds that of the radial and digital joints
c 1
20
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
together ; tlie palpal organs are well developed, and consist of several characteristic corneous
processes and spines.
The f alces are moderate in length and strength, and are rather paler coloured than the
cephalothorax; they are straight, and project a little forwards, being also rather roundly
prominent near their base in front, and furnished with bristles and hairs.
The maxillae and labium are similar to the falces in colour, and their form is normal.
The sternum is oval, blunt-pointed behind, and like the maxilla; in colour.
The abdomen is of an oblong-oval form, rounded behind, truncated before, and flattenec
convex above ; at is hairy and of deep sooty-brown colour, approaching to black, with a la> ge
shining, deep-brown coriaceous patch on the fore part of the upper side, of which it covers
the whole width, but is narrower and rounded at its hinder part. The spinners are rather sboit,
but tolerably strong ; those of the superior pair are the longest and strongest.
The female resembles the male in colours and general structure; the genital aperture
is characteristic, consisting of an oblong opening slightly constricted across the middle,
and edged strongly on the lower side with red-browrn, below which are two round, shining, boss-
like corneous-looking markings.
Sab. — Yarkand, May 21st to 27th, 1874; bills between Sirikol and Aktalla, May 8th to
13th, 1874; and route across the Pamir from Sirikol to Panj a and back, April 22nd to May
7th, 1874.
Genus— MICARIA, C. L. Koch.
17. — Micaria connexa, sp. n.
Adult male : length not quite 2 lines.
This spider is very closely allied to Micaria pulicaria, Sund., which it resembles in size
and general characters. It may, however, be distinguished by the absence of the converg-
ing lines of white hairs on the cephalothorax, which is also deeper-coloured, and by the shorter
and rather narrower form of the digital joint of the palpus; the radial joint is shorter than
the cubital, and has a very sharp-pointed, tapering, rather prominent apophysis at its extremity
on the outer side ; the corresponding apophysis in M. pulicaria being much shorter an
less sharp pointed. .
The abdomen is black, covered with iridescent scales, reflecting green, purple, and red i _
golden hues, but there were no white transverse lines or spots visible. The cephalothorax
of a deep rich red-brown hue, thinly clothed with grey hairs and iridescent scales. ^
A female example had a largish semi-circular white spot of white hairs about 1
middle of the upper side of the abdomen, and another on each side, the three formide^
straight line traversing the upper side of the abdomen. In other respects it resem me ^
male. Probably, different examples of this species would present the same varieties m
spect to the white spots and markings on the abdomen as are characteristic of M. puhcat %
Sab. — Hills between Sirikol and Aktalla, May 8th to 13th, 1874.
18. — Micaria pallida, sp. n.
Immature male : length 2J lines. clistio
This spider is allied to the preceding, but its colours and markings will at once
guish it.
ARANEIDEA.
21
The cephalothorax is of ordinary form and of a brightisli yellow-brown colour, clothed
with greyish and iridescent hairs and scales.
The eyes are in two nearly concentric curved rows, like those of M. connexa and others,
the front row being the shortest.
The legs are moderately long and tolerably strong ; their relative length is apparently
4, 1, 2, 3. They are similar in colour to the cephalothorax, the sides of the tibiae being
suffused a little with brown, and the tarsi have the appearance of being annulated with the
same colour. They are clothed with grey and iridescent hairs ; the former disposed some-
what in longitudinal lines.
The palpi are not very long; their colour is pale yellow; the cubital joint is shorter than
the radial, and the digital is of a long, narrow-pointed, oval form. Being immature, these
remarks on the palpi would, perhaps, not be strictly applicable to those of the adult spider,
though the proportions of the several joints would probably be the same as in the immature
state.
The f alces are tolerably long, strong, perpendicular, similar in colour to the cephalotho-
rax, and furnished with greyish hairs and dark bristles.
The abdomen is of a dull yellow-brown hue, clothed thinly with iridescent, scaly hairs.
It has two parallel, transverse, slight constrictions near the middle of the upper side ; an in-
distinct longitudinal median brown marking, pointed at its posterior extremity, occupies the
fore-half of the upper side, followed towards the spinners by a longitudinal series of several
less distinct, transverse, curved, brown lines, the convexity of the curves directed forwards.
These markings would be probably invisible, except when in spirits of wine.
Ilab. — Bound on the route across the Pamir from Sirikol to Panja and back, April 22nd
to May 7th, 1874.
Genus — CLVBIONA, Latr.
19. — CliUBIONA DELETRIX, sp. n., PI. II, Eig- 14, •
Adult male 2§ lines : adult female, 3| lines.
In colours and pattern this spider is very like Clubiona compta, C. L. Koch, and is still
Diore nearly allied to C. robusta, L. Koch (an Australian species). It is, however, smallei
than the laiter, and in the palpi differs from both.
The cephalothorax is of ordinary form, and its colour is brownish-yellow, tinged slightly
with reddish-brown towards the fore part of the caput. The normal indentations are dusky ;
t^e junction of the caput and the thoracic segments is marked with a short, fine, longitudinal
red-brown line, and the surface is thinly clothed with greyish-sandy pubescence.
The eyes are of tolerable size, though not very unequal. They occupy the whole of the
width of the upper fore part of the caput, and, when seen from above and behind, aie placed
the usual two curved lines, the convexities of which are in opposite directions, and enclose
a somewhat oval area. The hinder row is much the longest, and the fore-central paii are
rather the largest of the eight. Those of the hind-central pah' are considerably further fiom
each other than each is from the hind-lateral on its side, the interval somewhat exceeding two
diameters. Those of the fore-central pair are separated by about half a diameter, and are
rather farther from each other than each is from the fore-lateral on its side , each fore-lateral
eye is separated from the hind-lateral next to it by an interval similar to that which separates
i
22
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
the two fore-central eyes ; and each of the hind-central eyes is separated by a similar interval
from the hind-lateral and fore-central eyes on its side ; the front row, taken with the hind-
lateral eyes, form a long, regularly curved line, the eyes of which are near together, and the
intervals as above explained, not very different. The clypeus is very low, scarcely equalling
half the diameter of one of the fore- central eyes.
The legs are tolerably long, but not very strong ; their relative length is apparently
4, 2, 1, 3. Their colour is yellow ; the tibiae, tarsi, and metatarsi of the first and second pairs
being slightly tinged with reddish-brown. They are furnished with hairs, bristles, and
longish dark spines. Each tarsus ends with two curved, pectinated claws, beneath which is a
small compact claw- tuft.
The palpi are short and similar in colour to the legs. The cubital and radial joints are
of the same length, and the radial and digital joints are together greater in length than the
humeral joint. The radial has, at its fore extremity on the outer side, a small, tapering,
pointed, red-brown apophysis, whose direction is rather upwards. The digital joint is of
tolerable size, of an elongate oval form, rounded at its base, and pointed at its fore extremity,
which is densely clothed with a large patch of short, pale mouse-coloured, pubescent hairs.
The palpal organs consist of a large, very prominent, oval lobe, at the fore extremity of which
is a slender, coiled, filiform black spine springing from a strongish red-brown corneous process.
Besides a minute filiform, slightly curved spine behind this coiled one, the large lobe has a
broadish, yellow-brown, glossy, rather bent fillet running along its outer side, probably indi-
cating the course of an internal duct.
The falces are moderately long, strong, somewhat subangularly prominent near their base
in front, furnished with some strongish prominent bristles in front, and of a dark red- brown
colour.
The maxilla and labium are of the normal form, and of a reddish yellow-brown colour.
The sternum is oval, pointed behind, and its colour is yellow.
The abdomen is of somewhat narrow-oval form, and moderately convex above,
colour is a dull luteous yellow, marked, more or less distinctly, with dark red-brown markings
on the upper side. An elongated longitudinal marking pointed at its hinder extremity*
occirpics the middle of the fore half ; and on the hinder half are several more or less imperfect
angular bars or chevrons of the same colour ; the vertices of these chevrons are usually
obsolete, and their extremities are dilated and run together, so as to form two more or less
diffused, lateral longitudinal, broken bands, or rows of spots and patches, which converge to
the spinners : the sides have, at times, also some irregular, oblique lines of red-brown mark-
ings. The spinners are of moderate length, those of the superior pair being much more
slender than those of the inferior.
The female is rather larger than the male, but does not differ in colours and markings-
The form of the genital aperture is well defined and characteristic, but its peculiarities can
only be shown satisfactorily by a figure.
Sab. — Murree to Sind valley, July lfth to August 5th, 1873.
20. — Cltjbiona laticeps, sp. n., PL II, Eig. 15, 9 .
Adult female : length 4^ lines ; length of cephalothorax 2 lines, breadth lj.
This spider is allied to Clubiona deletrix , but may be at once distinguished by
ARANEIDEA.
23
absence of any markings on the abdomen, as well as by its larger size and broader cephalo-
thorax. It is also nearly allied to Clubiona cambridgii, L. Koch, found in New Zealand, but
*uay he distinguished from that species too by the same characters. Erom G. holosericea
Degeer=C. deinognalha, Camb., it differs by its generally robuster form, less prominent
bdces, and less broad ceplialothorax.
The foregoing remarks will give a general idea of this spider ; the following is a more
detailed description.
The ceplialothorax is of a bluff-oval form, round behind, and truncated in front. The
caput is constricted on its lateral margins, but is evenly and well rounded above. The ocular
area is broad, and is a little prominent over the clypeus, which is almost obsolete. It is of a
reddish yellow-brown behind, deepening into dark red-brown on the fore part of the caput,
and is clothed with a short sandy pubescence : the normal indentations are of a deeper hue
than the rest.
The eyes are rather small, hut in the usual position. Those of the hinder row are equal
in size. Those of the hind-central pair are farther from each other than each is from the
bind-lateral on its side, and each is separated by nearly about the same interval, from the fore-
central eye nearest to it. Those of the fore-central pair are the largest of the eight, and are
divided by a diameter’s distance; and from each of them the fore-latei’al on its side is sepa-
rated by rather less than a diameter. Those of each lateral pair are placed very obliquely ,
and are separated by an interval only a little less than that which divides the fore and hind-
central pairs.
The legs are strong, moderately long, and of a dull orange-yellow colour ; those of the
first and second pairs being tinged with red. Their relative length appears to be 4, 2, 1, 3 ;
and they are furnished with hairs, slender bristles, and strongish spines. Each tarsus ends
with, two curved pectinated claws, beneath which is a compact claw-tuft, followed, over the
under surface of the joint as well as over some portion of that of the metatarsus, by a scopula
°f short compact hairs.
The palpi are short and slender, furnished with hairs and strong bristles. The radial
joint is shorter than the digital, but longer than the cubital : the colour of the palpi is like
that of the legs. The digital joint is suffused with reddish, rather enlarged at its anterior
extremity, which is pretty thickly furnished with hairs, particularly on the upper side.
The falces are long and powerful, perpendicular, rather prominent near their base in
front, where they are furnished with strong, prominent bristles : their colour is deep red-brown.
The maxillae and labium are of the usual form, and a little lighter in colour than the
falces ; the inner extremities of the former and the apex of the latter being whitish yellow.
The sternum is oval, clothed with hairs, and of a yellow-brown colour.
The abdomen is oval, of a brownish clay-colour, thickly clothed with sandy and gre\ ish
pubescence, together with a few longer, erect, scattered, black and yellowish hairs. I he
8pinners are moderate in length and rather strong ; those of the inferior pair are the largest
and strongest. The form of the genital aperture is characteristic.
Hab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1874.
21. — Clubiona laudata, sp. n., PI. II, Fig- 16, J •
Adult male : length rather under 2 lines.
The cephalothorax of this small species is broad-oval, truncate before, and the lateral
24
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
constriction of the caput is very slight ; it is glossy, and of a "brownish-yellow colour, rather
deepening towards the fore margin. The clypeus is almost obsolete.
The eyes are small, not greatly differing in size ; they are in the usual position, and occupy
the whole width of the forepart of the caput ; the two rows are rather nearer together than
in the two former species, hut the relative position of the various eyes is very similar. The
interval between those of the hind-central pair is double that between each and the hind-
lateral eye on its side.
The legs are moderate in length and strength ; their colour is yellow, and they are fur-
nished with hairs and a few spines, but the latter had been mostly broken off.
The palpi are short, and their colour is yellow, excepting the digital joint, which is
brown ; the radial is rather shorter than the cubital joint and has a moderate- sized, red-
brown, pointed, tapering, slightly curved apophysis at its extremity on the outer side. The
digital joint is oval, of moderate size, and slightly exceeds in length the radial and cubita
joints together ; the palpal organs consist (so far as I could ascertain) of a simple, large, ovab
convex lobe, apparently surrounded on its outer margins by a long, slender, filiform spine.
The falces are strong and massive, a little projecting, roundly prominent near their base
in front, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax.
The maxillae and labium are of normal form and similar in colour to the cephalothorax.
The sternum is oval, pointed at its hinder extremity, and its colour is yellow.
The abdomen is rather small, and its form oval ; its colour is a dull yellowish, thickly
mottled and streaked above, and on the sides, with rusty red. The fore half of the uppe3j
side has an elongate longitudinal marking of a deeper rusty red-brown than the rest, bisectec
along its length by a fine, hut not very clear, yellowish line. The spinners are pale ycllo'v'
ish, of moderate size and length, those of the inferior pair being a little the stoutest.
The female is rather larger, hut resembles the male in colours and markings, excep
that the abdomen is less marked and streaked with rusty red; the form of the genital »Per*
ture, which is quite small, is characteristic.
Slab. — Road from Yarkand to Bursi, May 28th to June 17th, 1874.
Genus— CHIRAC ANTHIXJM, C. L. Koch.
al
22.— Chibacanthitjm adjacens, sp. n., PI. II, Eig. 17, $ .
Adult male : length rather over 3 lines.
The form of the cephalothorax is of the ordinary type ; in fact, this spider in its genel
form, structure, and appearance, bears a close resemblance to Chiracanthium nutrix, G-
nifex, and other allied species. It must, however, be premised that, the spider now descri ^
having been preserved in spirit of wine for a long time, its present colours are in all Pr°^^
bility very unlike those of the living spider, in which perhaps the abdomen may have
of a more or less green hue. ubes-
The cephalothorax is of a dull brownish-yellow colour clothed with sandy-grey P
cence ; the normal indentations are distinct, and a largish depression surrounds the 1
junction. ^ ^ £ore
The eyes are rather small, in two transverse rows occupying the whole width of ■. ^rds ;
part of the caput; the hinder row is curved, the convexity of the curve directed bac v '
the front row is shortest and nearly straight, those of the hind-central pair are rather
together than each is to the hind-lateral eve on its side, the distance between these
ARANEIDEA.
25
equal to perhaps a little over two diameters. Those of the fore-central pair are also nearer
to each other than each is to the fore-lateral on its side, being less than two diameters’ dis-
tance from each other; those of each lateral pair are seated rather obliquely on a tubercle
and are contiguous to each other ; the interval between each fore-central eye and the hind-
central opposite to it is rather greater than the diameter of the former, the height of the
clypeus being less.
The legs are long, slender, and tapering ; they are of a rather dull straw-yellow colour,
all furnished with hairs and spines, and their relative length is 4, 1, 2, 3. Each tarsus ends
with two claws hidden by a dense black claw-tuft, from which a thin scopula extends back-
wards beneath the joint, and some little way also along the undei side of the metatarsi, where
it merges among the ordinary hairs with which those parts are furnished.
The palpi are short and moderately strong, their colour is. similar to that of the legs,
except that the digital joint is dark brown ; the humeral joint is rather longer than the
cubital and radial joints together, the latter being double the length of the cubital, furnished
with long bristly hiars, and terminating at its fore extremity with two apophyses ; one of
these on the outer side is tolerably long, of a deep red-brown colour, and corneous nature,
sinuously bent, tapering, single-pointed, the. point sharp, but not attenuated; the other
apophysis is on the inner side, short, obtuse, rounded at its extremity, and margined with
red-brown; the digital joint is large and hairy, the basal half roundish, the fore half some-
what cylindrically attenuate, the division between the two portions being (as usual) well
marked by a sudden notch-like, or angular, depression on the outer side; the normal spur,
directed backwards from the hinder part of the digital joint, is of a deep black red-brown
colour ; it tapers to a sharp point and is directed outwards, crosses the outer radial apophysis,
its length being nearly about equal to that portion of the outer margin of the digital joint
where the abrupt indentation divides it from the semi-cylindrical extremity. The palpal
organs consist of a large roundish bulb, from the outer side of the fore part of which a
tapering spine coils round to the base, where it ends in a filiform point ; and along the
middle is a rather long, pale, corneous process, broad, roundish, blunt, and reddish-brown at
its fore extremity, which extends well beyond the bulb and has a semi-diaphanous mevnbran.
ous point in connection with it.
The f aloes are straight, moderately long, strong, and not very much porrected; they are
roundly prominent near their base in front, when looked at in profile, aud roundly cut away
for a very little space on the inner side of the fore extremity ; their colour is a deep, rich,
shining red-brown. , . ... ,. , .
The maxillae are of the ordinary form, inclined a little towards the la num, w nch is
oblong and truncated at the apex, the corners being a little rounded off ; t ie colour of the
labium is dark red-brown, the apex narrowly margined with pale win is l-ve ow , ie oie
half of the maxilke is of a less deep red-brown colour, the basal portion being yellow.
The sternum is heart-shaped, yellow, and depressed between ie pom so ie inser ion
The abdomen is oval, broadest in the middle, and projects fairly ovei the base of the
cephalothorax ; it is clothed thinly with hairs, and is of a dull, luteous-yellow colour, thickly
spotted with small, yellowish- white, cretaceous-looking spots, eavm0 ^ e noima e 01ioa n
macula distinct on the forehalf of the upper side; this macula is rather pom cd at its
hinder extremity. The spinners are rather small, of moderate length, and of a brownish-
yellow colour.
26
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The female is rather smaller, but resembles the male in general colours and form ; the
spiracular plates are of a deep red-brown colour and the genital aperture is small, of a trans-
verse-oval shape margined with red-brown, and on each side of it is a longitudinal row of
several short transverse red-brown lines, the rows converging forwards.
Mab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1873.
23. — CniRACANTHIUM APPE.OXIMATTJM, Sp. n., PI. II, Pig. 18, ? .
Adult females : length a little over 4 lines.
In colours, form, and general structure, this spider is exceedingly like C hir acanthi luni
adjacens, Cambr. The falces, however, project rather more forward, and the second or termina
joints of the spinners of the superior pair are longer. The cephalo thorax, legs, palpi, and
sternum are of a uniform straw-yellow colour; the falces, maxilla), and labium are daik
brown, the base of the maxillae yellowish ; and the abdomen is of a dull clay-colour, obscurely
marked with whitish cretaceous-looking spots. The spiracular plates being of the same
colour as the rest of the abdomen, furnish also a good specific character, those of C. adja-
cent being dark reddish-brown ; the form and size of the genital aperture are also quite
different, being very small, of a transverse, somewhat, oblong form, edged narrowly with red-
dish-brown, and divided across the middle by a broadish pale septum.
Rah — .Murree to Sind Yalley, July 14th to August 5th, 1873.
Genus — AGRdECA, Sund.
24. — Agkoeca debilis, sp. n., PI. II, Pig. 19, ? .
Adult female : length nearly 2J lines.
This spider scarcely differs in form and structure from Agroeca brunnea, Bl.
The cephalolhorax is yellow, thinly clothed with brownish hairs. The normal converging
indentations are dusky, and the junction of the caput with the thoracic segments is marked
by a short, fine, longitudinal, red-brown line.
The eyes are of moderate size, and placed in two tranverse, curved rows, the convexity °
both being directed backwards, but the hinder row is the longest and the most strongly
curved of the two ; they differ but little in size, and are all seated on black spots ; those o
the hind-central pair are rather further from each other than each is from the hind-lateral on
its side, the latter interval being nearly about equal to an eye’s diameter ; the eyes of tlilj
fore-central pair are contiguous to each other, and each is separated from the hind-centia
eye opposite to it, by an eye’s diameter, and from the fore-lateral on its side by a distinct, bu
very small, space. The height of the clypeus, in the middle, is equal to the diameter o
one of the fore-central eyes. > ,
The legs are tolerably long and strong, of an immaculate yellow colour, and are furmsue
with hairs and spines ; the spines on those of the first and second pairs arc long, strong, uu
consist of two (parallel) rows beneath the metatarsal and tibial joints ; each tarsus ends 'V1
two rather weak and apparently non-denticulate claws, beneath which is a small, bluu >
yellow-brown, corneous-looking projection, furnished with several bristly hairs turne
upwards in opposition to the tarsal claws. The relative length of the legs appears to
4, 1, 2, 3.
ARANEIDEA.
27
The palpi are moderate in length, and similar in colour and armature to the legs ; the
digital is double the length of the radial joint, and terminates with a weak, curved, black
claw.
The falces are of moderate length and strength, straight, perpendicular, and obliquely
cut away on the inner sides towards the extremity ; their colour is yellow, and they are fur-
nished with hairs and longish bristles.
The maxilla are rather strong, moderately long, straight, somewhat rounded at their
extremities, and similar to the falces in colour.
The labium is short, rounded at the apex, and of a yellowish-brown colour.
The abdomen is oval, truncated before, rounded and broadest behind ; it is thinly clothed
'with hairs of a clay-yellow colour, marked above and on the sides with blackish brown ; these
markings were very much broken and fragmentary in the example described, but they appear
to define faintly the ordinary oblong, median, longitudinal marking on the fore half, and some
angular bars on the hinder half of the upper side, with some oblique lines on the sides. The
spinners are very short ; the second joints of those of the superior pair are barely perceptible.
The genital aperture appears as a densely black, glossy patch in the centre of a largish yellow-
brown, convex area, and is rather densely clothed writh bristly hairs, whose points converge
over the black aperture.
Sab. — Kashghar, December 1873.
25. — Agroeca flavens, sp. n., PI. II, Pig. 20, ? .
Adult female : length 3^ lines.
The whole of the fore part of this spider is of a dull, slightly brownish-yellow colour,
the labium , however, being dark yellowT -brown with a yellowish apex, and the abdomen of a
straw-yellow thinly clothed with yellowisli-grey hairs. In form and structure this species
resemblcs Agroeca debilis ; the normal indentations on the cephalothorax are well marked, and
°f a deeper hue than the rest, and it is clothed with hairs similar to those on the abdomen.
The eyes are small, placed in two, nearly straight, transverse rows, and seated on black spots ;
the front row is considerably the shortest ; those of the hind-central pair are very slightly
f arther from each other than each is from the hind-lateral eye on its side, and each is separated
from the fore-central opposite to it by no more than, if quite so much as, the diameter of
the former ; those of the foremost row are very near to each other, the interval between
those of the fore-central pair being slightly greater than that which divides each from the
frre-lateral on its side ; those of each lateral pair are placed very obliquely, and have an
interval between them of nearly the diameter of the hinder one ; the fore-laterals are the
hugest of the eight; the height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of one of the fore-
Central eyes.
The legs are tolerably long and strong, furnished with hairs and rather long, strongish
spines ; each tarsus ends with two curved claws, apparently without any denticulations, below
them being a rather less conspicuous, corneous, yellow-brown prominence than in Agroeca
debilis , hut furnished with similar upturned bristly hairs ; the relative length of the legs
aPpears to he 4, 1, 2, 3 ; the spines on the two first pairs are in two parallel longitudinal rows
beneath the metatarsal and tibial joints.
The palpi are moderately long and strong ; the radial and digital joints are yellow-
d 1
28
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
brown ; the latter are the darkest, and are distinctly less than double the length of the former ;
they are furnished with hairs, bristles, and spines, and terminate with a small black claw.
The maxi lice are slightly inclined to the labium, and the latter is slightly hollowed 01
notched at the apex.
The abdomen is of a pale straw- yellow colour ; on the fore half is a very faintly visible,
narrow, elongated mai'king prolonged posteriorly into a line-like point, and of a slightly
darker hue than the rest of the abdomen ; a little in front of the middle are six reddish-
brown impressed spots, three in each of two curved lines, whose convexities are opposed to each
other so as to form a figure like a dice-box; the intermediate spot of each line is much neaiei
the anterior than the posterior one, and the interval between the two anterior spots is equal to
that between the two posterior ones. The form of the abdomen is somewhat oblong-o'v ah
truncated before and rounded behind. The genital aperture consists of two somewhat roundish,
large, black, contiguous spots in a transverse line, but much obsciu'ed by numerous bristly
hairs of a sandy-grey hue ; the spinners of the inferior pair are double the length of the
superior one, and all are of a yellow-brown colour.
Bab. — Yarkand, May 21st to 27th, 1874.
Genus — TBACHELAS, L. Koch.
26.— Trachelas costata, sp. n., PI. II, Eig. 21, ? .
Adult female : length to 2§ lines.
The cephalo thorax is short-oval, rather longer than broad, truncated before, moderately', an(
pretty uniformly, convex above, and constricted on the lateral margins of the caput ; the norma
indentations are distinct and rather darker coloured than the rest, which is of a yellow-brovn
colour; the clypeus is less in height than the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes. 4 he
eyas are of moderate size, and do not differ greatly in that respect ; those of the fore-lateral
pair are perhaps slightly the largest of the eight ; they are placed as in Clubiona, but the area
is shorter and broader, the eyes being more closely grouped together. The hinder row is straight,
the front row much shorter and curved, the convexity of the curve directed forwards. Those
of the hind-central pair are rather less than double as far from each other as each is from the
hind-lateral eyes on its side ; the interval between each and the hind-lateral being scarcely
the diameter of the former ; the interval between those of the fore-central pair is less than
half a diameter, and each is almost, but not quite, contiguous to the fore-lateral eye on Rs
side. The eyes of each lateral pair are placed obliquely and are separated by about one-
third of the diameter of the hind-lateral eyes. The interval between each of the hint
central eyes and the fore* central opposite to it, is equal to the diameter of the latter.
The tegs are rather short, strong, furnished with hairs and slender bristles only ; t_eir
relative length appears to be 4, 1, 2, 3, though the difference in length is not great. 4
are of a brownish-yellow colour, lighter than the cephalothorax, and faintly annulated m
dusky brown. Each tarsus ends with two curved pectinated claws, beneath which is a sma >
not very dense, claw-tuft; and beneath the tarsi and metatarsi are some short, stout ham
of uniform length, but scarcely amounting to a scopula. _
The palpi are short, similar to the legs in colour and armature ; the digital joint is a mu-
half as long again as the radial, and terminates with a very fine, curved, and almost impel
ceptible claw.
AIlANEIDEA.
29
The falces are short but strong, straight, and nearly perpendicular; they are roundly
prominent at their base in front ; their fore surface is granulose and bristly, and their colour
like that of the cephalothorax.
The maxilla are short, convex, and broad ; their extremities, where they are obliquely
and rather roundly truncated, being the broadest.
The labium is short, broad, and of a somewhat oblong-oval form, the apex being very
slightly indented or hollowed ; the colour of the labium, as well as of the maxilla . is like
that of the falces. »
The sternum is heart-shaped, uniformly convex, slightly punctuose, furnished with short
bristly hairs, and similar to the legs in colour.
The abdomen is oval, more convex above than in spiders of the genus Clubiona in
general, and projects over the base of the cephalothorax ; it is of a dull clayey-brown colour;
the fore half of the upper side has a deep brown, longitudinal, central marking, enlarged in
the middle, sharp pointed at its posterior extremity, and followed to the spinners by
about six angular deep-brown bars, or chevrons, which decrease in length, from the first to
the last, just above the anus ; the angles of these chevrons are directed forwards ; that of the
first touching the pointed extremity of the central longitudinal markings ou the fore half.
The sides of the abdomen are more or less covered with brown striated markings ; the spinners
are rather short, moderately strong, and those of the superior and inferior pairs are of about
equal length. The genital aperture is of peculiar and characteristic form.
Hab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th; and near Leli, August and September, 1873.
Family — DICTYNIDES.
Genus — DICTTNA, Sund.
27. — Dictyna albida, sp. n.
Adult female : length less than 1| lines.
This spider belongs to the Dictyna variabilis (Koch) group.
The cephalothorax is depressed on the sides and hinder part, and the caput is rounded
on the upper side, but not raised above the usual level ; it is of a dull yellowish colour, with a
rather irregular, but distinct, marginal stripe, immediately above which, ou each side, is a
broad yellowish-brown, longitudinal band; the whole is covered, hut not densely, with coarse
white hairs ; the height of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial space, being not
much more than equal to the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes.
The eyes are small and placed in two transverse curved rows near together ; the hinder
row is considerably the longer ; those of the hinder row are equidistant from each other, the
centrals being slightly the largest of the eight ; those of each lateral pair are placed oblique-
ly, and are very near to each other, but not quite contiguous ; the interval between the fore-
centrals is considerably greater than that between each and the lateral eye next to it ;
the latter interval being scarcely equal to the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes, which
are the smallest of the eight ; the interval between the fore- and hind-central pairs is equal to
the diameter of one of the hind-central eyes. The fore-central eyes form \ ('i v nearly a
square, the posterior side being rather the longest.
The legs are short and slender, their relative length appears to he 4, 1, 2, 3 ; they are of
30
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
a pale, dull yellow colour, furnished with, hairs ; and the metatarsi of the fourth pair have
calami stra on their upper sides.
The palpi are rather short, slender, and similar to the legs in colour.
The f alecs are moderate in length and strength ; they project a little forwards, and
(looked at from in front) are curved, the curves directed outwards, leaving a slightly oval
space between them ; their colour is dull hrownish-yellow.
The maxillae , labium, and sternum are of normal form, and rather paler in colour than
the falces.
The abdomen is oval, not very convex above, but projects considerably over the hinder
part of the cephalothorax ; it is of a dull brownish -yellow colour, covered with cretaceous
white spots and small patches ; four small red-brown spots form nearly a square on the
middle of the upper side. In front of the ordinary spinners is a short, transverse, supernu-
merary mammillary organ, divided across the middle by a perceptible suture.
The genital aperture is small and inconspicuous.
Sab. — Between Yangihissar and Sirikol.
Family — A GELENIDES.
Genus — AEGTRONETA , Latr.
28. — Argyboneta aqtatica.
Argyroneta aquatica, Clerck, Sv. SpindL, p. 143, pi. 6, tab. 8.
I can find no difference between examples contained in Dr. Stoliczka’s collection and
those found in Europe.
Sab. — Yarkand and neighbourhood, November 1873.
Genus— TEGEN ARIA, Latr.
29. — TeGENARIA, Sp.
An immature female, too much damaged to he recognisable beyond its generic affinity.
Sab. — Yarkand to Bursi, May 28th to June 17tli, 1871.
Genus — CCELOTES, Bl.
30. — CCELOTES TEGENARIOIDES, sp. n.
Immature male (almost adult) : length 6| lines.
This spider is exceedingly like a Tcgenaria in its general form and appearance.
The cephalothorax is round behind, but constricted laterally at the caput, and hs
margins are depressed ; it is of a yellow-brown colour, and hairy, and lias the normal indend-
ations well marked. ^
The eyes are of moderate size, and not greatly different in that respect : they are place
in two transverse curved rows ; the front row is the shorter and less curved, the con-
vexity of the curves being directed backwards. The eyes of the hind-central pair are a lit
nearer to each other than each is to the hind-lateral eye on its side, being separated by rather
less than two diameters ; those of the fore-central pair are distinctly larger than those of ®
hind-central ; they form a line slightly less, though of very nearly equal length, to t ia
ARANEIDEA.
31
formed by the hind- centrals, but the interval between them is smaller, being scarcely equal
to a diameter ; and each is separated from the fore-central eye on its side by an equal inter-
val ; the eyes of each lateral pair are placed obliquely on a tubercle, and are separated by a
distinct though small interval. The four central eyes form as near as possible a square, and
the height of the clypeus equals half that of the facial space.
The legs are moderate in length, tolerably strpng, and of a yellow-brown colour ; the
femoral joints faintly annulated with a lighter hue.
Ihe palpi are short, hairy, arid like the legs in colour; the radial is rather longer and
stronger than the cubital joint ; the digital is of great size and tumidity, its fore extremity
rather pinched in to a point. The palpal organs are not developed.
Th ef cilces are straight, strong, and massive, very prominent at their base in front, and
Project a little forwards ; they are of a deep reddish-brown colour, and furnished with strong
bristles.
The maxillce are strong, distinctly curved over the labium, rounded at their extremity on
fbe outer side, and obliquely truncated on the inner side ; they are of a yellowish colour,
strongly tinged with yellow-brown along the inner side.
The labium is of an oblong-oval form, slightly truncated at the apex, and of a yellow-
brown colour; the apex is tipped with yellowish, and, with the maxillae, is covered with bristly
bairs.
The sternum is oval, pinched in to a short, sharpish point behind, and broadly truncated
before ; it is hairy, like the maxillae and labium, and of a yellow-brown colour, paler along
fbe middle.
The abdomen is large, hairy, considerably convex above, mostly so at the fore extremity,
^here it projects well over the base of the ceplialothorax ; it is thickly spotted, mottled, and
parked with dull yellowish- white and black-brown markings and spots, presenting a faint
Uidication of an irregular, elongate, posteriorly pointed, median dark marking, tinged with
yellow-brown along the middle of the fore half, followed towards the spinners by some
indistinct, broken, angular bars or chevrons. The spinners are not very long : those of the
superior pair are three-jointed, the terminal joint being no longer than the one next to it ;
fbose of the inferior pair are shorter but stronger.
Sab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1874.
31. — CcELOTES SIMPLEX, sp. n.
Adult female : length slightly over 4 lines.
This species is very nearly allied to Ceelotes tegenarioides , but may be distinguished not
°uly by its much smaller size, but by the absence of any trace of annulation on the femora of
the legs and by the small size of the fore-central eyes, which are the smallest of the eight, and
01,1X1 a line distinctly shorter than that formed by those of the hind-central pair : the inter-
nal also between the eyes of each lateral pair is rather greater than in C. tegenarioides , and
the height of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial space. On the abdomen, also, the
Pattern is more distinct, shewing the transverse angular bars on the hinder-half of the upper
■side more clearly; the spinners are rather longer, and the genital aperture is a small
0yal opening at the hinder part of a largish, convex, yellow-brown, somewhat roundish,
c°i'neous-looking patch.
Sab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1874.
32
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Family — THE RID I D ES.
Genua— EPISINUS, Walck.
32. — Episinus algiricus.
Episinus algiricus, Luc., Explor. en Algdrie, Araclm. p. 269, pi. 17, fig. 11.
This spider is exceedingly closely allied to Episinus truncatus, Walck., and I have but
little doubt that the examples contained in Dr. Stoliczka’s collection are of the same species
as that described by Lucas in liis great work on the spiders of Algeria. Be this as it m£1h
however, these examples are decidedly distinct from, though very closely allied to, Europca
examples of Episinus truncaius found in England. Among other distinctions, may
specially noted, the generally more yellow-brown hue of the present spider, and the fai
distinct, though generally similar, pattern on the cephalothorax and abdomen , also
absence of a short, but distinct, yellow, longitudinal line running backwards from between
the hind-central pair of eyes to the occiput ; this line is distinctly visible in all the numero ^
British examples before me, but no trace of it exists in the present spider. The 1(>-S ^
pale yellowish, only faintly annulated with brown; and some distinct white spots forming
horse-shoe (the open side in front) round the lower extremity of the abdomen close to
base of the spinners, are larger and more conspicuous, especially the foremost of them >
the corners also of the upper side of the hinder extremity of the abdomen are more conical y
gibbous, and an unfailing specific difference is presented in the different form of the §enl .
aperture ; this is a small, simple, nearly round, dark-coloured opening in the present spi el ’
while in E. truncatus it is by no means so simple, and covers a much larger oblong area. n
the latter species, the under side of the abdomen is dark, with, almost always, three long1
tudinal paralled white lines; while in the present spider it is pale and almost uni foi m y
covered with white cretaceous spots.
M. Eugene Simon, indeed {Aran. none. ou pen connus du midi de V Europe, Mem. I|ie»e’
1875), concludes Episinus algiricus , Luc., to be identical with E. truncaius, Walck. ; but ie
gives no proof of this, beyond the fact that he has taken numbers of E. truncatus in Morocco,
Spain, and Corsica. M. Lucas, however, appears to have had no doubt of the distinctness
the spider he describes as E. algiricus.
Eab.— Murree, June 11th to July 14tli, 1877.
Genus — THERIDION, Walck.
33. — Theridion riparium.
Theridion riparium., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 182, pi. xii, fig. 115. ^ ^
An adult female of this spider, which, although in very bad condition, appeared to 1
indistinguishable from European examples, was found in Dr. Stoliczka’s collection.
Eab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1873.
34.— Tueridion lepidum, sp. n.
Adult female : length very nearly 2 lines. ^
The whole of the fore part of this pretty spider is brownish -yellow. The cephalo >()l
ARANEIDEA.
33
!s ordinary form ; it has a brownish-black marginal line, or border, and a longitudinal,
Median, blackish-yellow-brown band extending from the eyes to the hinder margin (where
is narrower than at its commencement), and divided longitudinally by a fine paler
iine.
The eyes are small, and in the usual four pairs, occupying the whole width of the
upper side of the fore part of the caput. Those of the hind- central pair are a little nearer
to each other than each is to the hind-lateral eye on its side ; those of the front row are
equidistant from each other ; and those of each lateral pair are contiguous to each other, and
piaced obliquely on a slight tubercle. The four central eyes form a square. The clypeus is
^pressed immediately below the fore-central eyes, but prominent towards its lower margin,
and its height exceeds half that of the facial space.
The legs are tolerably long, and rather slender ; they are furnished with hairs and
numerous bristles ; many of the latter, especially of those henath the metatarsi and tarsi
being of a spine-like character. Their relative length is 1, 4, 2, 3, those of the first pair con-
siderably the longest.
The palpi are short and slender ; the cubital joint is half the length of the radial, and
the digital is nearly double the length of the radial. Their armature is like that of the
kgs.
The falces are rather weak, moderate in length, and straight, hut a little projecting.
The maxillce are long, of normal form, and their extremities are even with the extremities
°f the falces.
The labium is short, but of ordinary form.
The sternum is heart-shaped.
The abdomen is almost globular above, and projects over the base of the cephalothorax ;
1t is of a dull luteous colour with a broad median dentated white hand along the middle of the
^Pper side, prolonged to the spinners in a narrow white stripe ; the upper part of the sides
a^e also an irregular longitudinal white hand connected with the median hand by three
°blique narrow white stripes or lines ; and close to the base of each of these oblique lines, i.e.,
wbere they join the lateral white bands, is a distinct black spot. There is also another black
sPot at the hinder termination of the lateral band, with another on each side immediately
aud close above the base of the spinners, and one underneath immediately in front of tho
®Pinners. All these blade spots, which are very distinct and characteristic, form two longi-
tudinal lines converging to the spot under the spinners, which are also surrounded by some
wbite spots ; the lower part of the sides, and a broad longitudinal band on the under side
are more or less mottled with small white spots.
The male resembles the female in colours and markings, hut its abdomen is far less
convex above, and the first pair of legs are much longer ; the fore-extremities also of the
eniora and tibiae of those of the first and second pairs are of a reddish-yellow-brown.
The palpi are short ; the humeral joint is enlarged and tumid towards its hinder extre-
^uty, an(i tlic radial is much, and broadly, produced at its outer extremity, where it is fringed
ATlth a single row of strong bristles ; the digital joints are of moderate size, oval, and bristly
Uath their convex sides turned towards each other. The palpal organs (which are thus
auected outwards) are rather complex, but possess no very markedly prominent processes.
Sab. — Sind Valley, August 5th to 13th, 1874.
This spider is nearly allied to T. nervosum (Walck.), which it resembles in the general
character of its markings, though its colours are quite different.
B
34
SECOND YRKAND MISSION.
35 — Theridion subitum, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2 lines.
The whole of the fore part of this spider is of a dull orange-yellow colour. lpngth
The eephalothorax is of ordinary form, though rather shorter in proportion to • i s e | »
than in some other species of the genus; its lateral margins are slightly suffused wi 1 W e(j
The eyes are of moderate size, in the usual four pairs, and tolerably c ose j g „
together; those of the hinder row are equidistant from each other, and those of the
central pair are a little further from each other than each is from the fore-lateral eye
side; the four central eyes form nearly a square whose fore side is rather shorter t
hinder one ; the height of the clypeus exceeds half that of the facial space. but
The leas are slender and not very long ; they are a good deal denuded of armatu ,
are apparently furnished with hairs and bristles, many of the latter hem o a s ci ’ ^ .g
like character. A small portion at the extremity of the tibiae of the first and fouith p
red-brown.
The palpi are short and slender.
The falces are weak, slender, straight, and slightly projecting. .
The labium and maxilla; are of normal form, and their colour is yellow-brown.
The sternum is nearly triangular. . . , , , fi1P base
The abdomen is of large size, very convex above, and projects considerably ov ce
of the eephalothorax ; the hinder part also projects over the spinners, and the upp t
is broad, the fore part presenting, on either side, the appearance of a kind o P itb
shoulder ; it is of a yellow-brown colour, completely covered above and on e S1 ce
irregular, but closely-fitted, yellowish-white spots, the interstices of which have the app
of fine yellowish-brown reticulations. Along the middle of the forepart is a
narrow, undenticulate, pale stripe.
jPab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14tli, 1874.
37 —Theridion expallidatum, sp. n.
Adult female: length If lines. ...... brownisb-
The eephalothorax of this spider is of ordinary form ; its colour is a p<
ARANEIDEA.
35
yellow margined with brown, and with a longitudinal median hand of a rusty reddish-brown
hue, as broad as the hinder row of eyes, where it begins, hut thence tapers gradually to
the hinder extremity of the cephalothorax.
The eyes are in the ordinary position ; those of the hind- central pair are nearer together
than each is to the hind-lateral eye on its side, while those of the fore-central pair are further
from each other than each is from the fore-lateral on its side. 1 he four central eyes form a
square, and those of each lateral pair are seated contiguously and obliquely on a small
tubercle ; the clypeus is strongly and sharply impressed immediately below the eyes, but
prominent at its lower margin, and its height exceeds half that of the facial space.
The legs are rather short, slender, of a pale, dull yellowish colour, with a slight black-
brown marking beneath the extremities of each joint, and are furnished with hairs and some-
what spine-like bristles.
The palpi are slender, short, and similar to the legs in colour and armature.
Th efalces are not very long nor strong, but a little projecting ; they are of a dull yellow-
ish colour suffused with brown.
The maxilla; and labium are of normal form, and similar in colour to the legs ; the
labium, however, is suffused with brown.
The sternum is triangular, and its colour is like that of the legs, with a marginal blackish
line.
The abdomen is large and globular, and projects considerably over the base of the
cephalothorax ; it is of an almost uniform chalky- white colour, with the faintest possible
traces of a longitudinal, median, denticulate band on the upper side, having some oblique
lateral lines issuing from it; this pattern is rendered just visible by being of a rather clearer
white colour than the rest ; the median longitudinal line of the upper side has also a dull
brownish, broken line, from which finer, oblique, lateral lines issue here and there ; the spin-
ners are surrounded by a dull brownish circular band on which are several rather conspicuous
white spots. The genital aperture is of a transverse oval form edged with dark brown, and
placed at the hinder part of a roundish prominence.
This spider is evidently nearly allied to Theridion simile, C. L. Koch.
Sab. — Murree to Sind Valley, July 14th to August 5th, 1873.
38. — Theridion tuberculatum.
Theridion tuberculatum, Kronenberg, Reise in Turkestan von Alexis Fedtschenko, Moscow, 18/ 5, p. 9, pi. v., fig. 40.
This little white Theridion may readily be distinguished from T. expallidatum by a small
sub-conical, somewhat tubercular eminence on the hinder part of the upper side of the abdo-
men. The cephalothorax has a narrow longitudinal median brown stripe of which the ante-
rior portion is bifid ; and the abdomen, which is of a dull yellowish- brown colour thickly
covered with cretaceous- white confluent spots, has an irregular, somewhat sub-dentate, longi-
tudinal, median, dull brownish band, emitting backwards a few fine oblique lines of the same
colour. The whole of the fore part of this spider is of a dull pale yellow _ hue ; the legs are
long, slender, and furnished with hairs, bristles, and slender bristle-like spines.
Sab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1873.
39, — Theridion incertum, sp. n.
Adult male : length 1J lines.
The cephalothorax is short-oval, slightly constricted laterally at the caput, which is broad
36
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
and of a somewhat truncated appearance ; in the middle longitudinal line, the caput has a
broadish ridge-like character, which runs far back to a deep transverse indentation at the thora-
cic junction. Its colour is a rather rich yellow-brown, except the hinder part of the caput,
which is paler, and its surface is granulose and covered with bristly hairs.
The eyes are of tolerable size in two nearly equal transverse rows occupying the whole
width of the fore part of the upper side of the caput. The hinder row is, as nearly as possi-
ble, straight, the front row curved. The eyes of the hind-central pair are considerably nearer
together than each is to the hind-lateral eye on its side ; the interval between the former
being equal to a diameter, and that between the latter, to nearly two diameters. The eyes of
the fore-central pair are seated on tubercles, and rather prominent, forming a line rather less
than that formed by the hind-centrals : the intervals between the eyes of the front row appear
to be as nearly as possible equal. The eyes of each lateral pair are seated, slightly obliquely?
on a strongisli tubercle, and are contiguous to each other. The fore-central eyes form, as nearly
as can he, a square, and the height of the clypeus (which is impressed below the eyes and
prominent at its lower side) is more than half that of the facial space.
The legs are moderately long, excepting those of the first pair, which are much the long
est : their relative length is 1, 2, 4, 3. The first pair are strong, especially the femora, and,
with those of the second pair, are of an orange-yellow colour, the fore part of the femora and
tibiae being of a deeper and richer orange than the rest ; all are furnished with hairs and
bristles, these of the first pair having numerous spine- like bristles, and a single longitudinal
row of short, strongisli, somewhat denticular spines along the under side; those of the third
and fourth pairs are of a paler hue than the others.
The palpi are short, similar to the legs in colour, and (except the digital joint, which is
large, reddish yellow-brown, and with its fore extremity considerably produced) slender; the
cubital joint is "veiy short; the radial also is short, but spreads out at its outer extremity into
a very laige and apparently bifid production : the palpal organs are well developed and pro-
minent hut tolerably simple in structure ; with a slender curved filiform spine, and a small,
straight, corneous process at their fore extremity; they are directed outwards, the convex
sides of the digital joints being directed inwards.
The falces are strong, of moderate length, and similar to the cephalothorax in
colour.
The maxilla are tolerably long and strong, much curved, and almost meeting over the
labium, which is short and with a somewhat pointed apex. The colour of these parts is like
that of the falces.
The sternum is heart-shaped, broad, and truncate at its fore extremity ; it is of a rather
orange-yellow colour, and its surface is granulose.
The abdomen is short, considerably convex above, and projects well over the base of the
cephalothorax ; looked at from above, it is of a somewhat heart-shape. It is of a yellow-
brown colour, a good deal marked and spotted with white on the upper side ; these markings
do not appear to follow any very distinct pattern, hut a more or less broken marginal band,
most complete on each side of the fore part, and least traceable behind, may be seen. Four
round red-brown impressed spots form almost a square a little in front of the middle, and
across this part most of the white spots occur.
This is in some respects rather an aberrant form of Theridion, but it is most nearly allied
to T. pulchellum, Walck.
Mab, — Murree, 11th to July 14th, 1873.
ARANEIDEA.
37
Genus— STEA TOD A, Thor.
40. — Steatoda nigrocincta, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2§ lines.
The cephalothorax is of a short-oval form : the caput is slightly constricted on the sides
and the normal indentations are well marked, that at the junction of the caput and thoracic
segments being very strong, giving rather a crushed appearance to this part, and with a
transverse direction. The colour is yellow-brown, darker in the direction of the indentations,
and in a wedge-shaped form behind the eyes, but rather lighter towards the lateral margins.
The surface is glossy and (apparently) devoid of hairs, but covered with minute red-brown
granulosities.
The eyes are of moderate size, and do not differ much in this respect : they are in the
ordinary position ; those of the hind-central pair are rather nearer together than each is to
the hind-lateral eye on its side ; those of the front row, which is the shortest, appear to he
divided by as nearly as possible equal intervals ; those of each lateral pair are seated a little
obliquely, and contiguously, on a slight tubercle. The four central eyes form a square.
The legs are moderate in length and strength; their relative length is 1, 4, 2, 3, but the
difference between those of the first and fourth pairs is not much. They are of a rather
orange yellow-brown colour, deepening in hue towards the extremities, and are furnished with
hairs and bristles which spring from minute tubercular red-brown granulosities.
The palpi are slender, and similar to the legs in colour.
The f aloes are neither very long nor strong; they are straight, perpendicular, similar to
the cephalothorax in colour, and granulose.
The maxillce and labium are of normal form, and rather lighter in colour than the falces.
The sternum is somewhat heart-shaped, broadly truncated, in a rather hollowed line, at
hs fore-extremity, and of a pale orange-yellow colour.
The abdomen is large, of a sliort-oval form, very convex above, and projects considerably
°ver the base of the cephalothorax ; it is of a dull luteous-brown colour, sprinkled with white
cretaceous spots, which are principally gathered into a longitudinal median-line and a some-
what dentated line on each side of the upper part ; the median white line has some black spots
an(l markings on each side of it, those on the hinder half forming a series of broken transverse
angular bars. There are also black markings on each side of the lateral white borders ; that
helow each is broad, and continued quite x'ound in front, where it meets the other from the
°Pposite side ; the upper side of the abdomen has also some other black spots and points scat-
tered over it; the middle of the under side has a largish square area of white cretaceous
spots, bearing two strong parallel patches of deep red-brown on its fore part. The spinners
are short, compact, and of a pale-yellowish colour.
The male resembles the female in general characters and colours; it is, however, smaller
and paler, and the legs of the first pair are longer ; the palpi are like the legs in colour ; they
are long and slender, the radial joint is double the length of the cubital, which is of a bent form,
an
and is of a yellowish-brown colour mottled obscurely with whitish ; the fore extremity o
the upper side has a sub-angular, marginal, white stripe. Beginning at some little distance
behind this is a large deep brown patch-like area, broad in front, and narrowing gradually) to
about half its front width, near the spinners. This patch is bordered by a fine, deeper-brown
sinuous line, outside of which is a distinct white border. On the sides, the white mottlmgs
are gathered into broadish, though rather indistinct, oblique stripes ; the under side is deep
brown, bordered on each side with three large white spots, the middle one of which is 1
largest. The epigyne is rather short, of a pale-yellowish hue, tapering, blunt-pointed, anC
directed backwards.
Hab. — Murree to Sind Yalley, July 14th to August 5th, 1873.
64.— Epeira carnieex, sp. n.
Adult female : length 3| lines. ,
The cephalotliorax is tolerably strongly constricted on the lateral margins at the calnl ’
which is also rather produced forwards ; its colour is dull yellow, rather thickly clothed vvi
a coarse greyish pubescence ; and the whole of the upper side of the caput is of a deep
the same colour being prolonged backwards to the thoracic junction. The height of
clypeus is rather less than the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes.
The eyes are in the usual four pairs, occupying the whole width of the fore-part o
caput; the four central eyes form apparently, as nearly as can be, a square ; the hind-cen
pair are seated on strong black spots, on a small tubercular prominence, and they are
largest of the eight, considerably larger than those of the fore-central pair, and sepaia
by rather more than a diameter’s interval.
ARANEIDEA.
51
The legs are moderately long, but not very strong, and their relative length is 1, 2, 4, 3.
Their colour is dull brownish-yellow, annulated with darker reddish yellow-brown, and they
are furnished with hairs, bristles, and strongish, but short, spines.
The palpi are similar to the legs in colour, moderately long and slender.
dices are moderately strong, tolerably long, arched in profile, perpendicular, of a
deep-brown colour, but pale- yellowish at the base, and furnished with bristles in front.
The maxillce are of normal form, and of a deep-brown colour, pale-yellowish on the
margin, at their extremity. The labium also is similar in colour, with a pale margin at the
apex.
The sternum is heart-shaped and of a deep-brown colour.
The abdomen is very large, and in its general form and appearance reminds one of that of
Qyrtophora opuntice, Duf. Its shoulders have each a short, somewhat conical prominence
also. It projects considerably over the base of the ceplialo thorax ; and when looked at in
profile, the hinder extremity, which projects a little over the spinners, is nearly as high as
the fore-extremity. The sides are steep and sloping inwards, and the upper side rather flat.
The upper side is of a dull cream- white colour marked, clouded, and mottled with brown ; the
lateral margins of the white area are very strongly dentated, and along the middle of it are two
very distinctly defined black dentated lines, which beginning near its fore extremity, converge
towards each other (but do not meet) at the hinder extremity, where they are sometimes
joined by a transverse blackish line. Along the middle of the fore part of the space included
by these black dentated lines, which space is frequently darker or more suffused with brown
than the area outside it, is a somewhat oblong deep brown, marking with two angular points
on each side of it and a row of white spots along its middle. The fore extremity of the
upper side has two prominent portions of the white area near the middle ; these are generally
curved, and enclose a more or less well-defined brown patch bearing a white spot in the
centre, and in front of this, outside the brown patch, is another larger white spot ; the under
side is of deep sooty-brown colour, of a quadrangular form, margined by a distinct, broad,
yellowish- white border, before and on its sides, each of the posterior ends of the border being
continued on either side of the spinners by two well-defined white blotches, the anterior one
of which is much larger than the other ; from the middle of the hinder extremity, on the
Upper side, to the spinners there is generally a longitudinal central yellowish- white stripe ; the
sides are brown, thickly mottled with dull whitish-yellow. The genital aperture is simple in
form, and somewhat of a transverse, kidney shape, placed rather behind a slightly prominent
process from in front of which issues a moderately long, slender, cpigyne, which curves back-
wards and has its extremity slightly sinuous. There is considerable variety in the markings
of the upper side of the abdomen in this spider according as the browTn mottlings are more or
less diffused, or else wrell defined.
Rah. — Murree, June 11th to July 24th, 1873.
65. — Epeira ? gibbera, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2| lines.
Probably this spider will be found some day, on comparison with some other closely
allied exotic species, to be of a different genus from “ Epeira (sensu stricto), in which event,
I think, a new genus must be formed for its reception. At present I describe it as an
aberrant and doubtful form of Epeira,
g 1
52
SECOND YAK K AND MISSION.
Tlie cephalothorax is very short and broad, and rises gradually from the hinder extremity
to the fore part of the caput ; though the real convexity of the whole does not vary much in
one part or another, since the basal line rises forwards with the general rise of the caput; and
the middle of the fore part of the caput has a rather prominently pointed appearance, without
the lateral prominences (on which the lateral pairs of eyes are placed) usual in Epeira ; m
fact, there is an approach in the form of this part to some species of Poltys. The colour of
the cephalothorax is yellow-brown, and it is clothed with a greyish pubescence.
The eyes are placed as in Epeira generally. Those of the hind-central pair are consider-
ably larger than the fore-centrals ; the interval between them is nearly about one and half
diameters ; they form a longer line than the fore-central pair, and together with them they
form a rectangle whose greatest transverse diameter is longer than its longitudinal one.
Between the eyes of the fore-central pair are two longish, divergent, pale-grey, bent bristles
directed forwards and downwards. The eyes of each lateral pair are on slight tubercles, placed
obliquely, and contiguous to each other ; they are very widely removed from the four central
ones, and, owing to the oblique, sloping character of the sides of the caput, are placed some
way back, not far (when looked at sideways) above the middle of the base of the falces.
The legs are short, moderately strong, their relative length being 1, 2, 4, 3 ; they are of
a yellow-brown colour, with faint traces of darker annulation ; and are furnished with hairs
and slender bristles, but no spines.
The palpi are short, slender, and nearly similar in colour to the legs, the digital joints
terminating with a curved, toothed claw.
The fa Ices are moderately long, strong, and similar in colour to the cephalothorax.
The maxillce and labium are like those of Epeira : they are of a dark yellow-brown
colour ; the extremities of the former and the apex of the latter, pale dull whitish.
The sternum is short, heart-shaped, the fore extremity very broad and truncated ; hs
colour is deep yellowish-brown, and it is clothed with a prominent grey pubescence.
The abdomen is very large, and almost conceals the cephalothorax ; it is of a sub-conical
form, the upper side towards the hinder extremity being produced gradually backwards and
upwards into a considerable hump, whose termination is a large round deep-brown boss. I'*10
distance from this boss to the spinners is rather less than to the fore extremity on the upper
side. Its colour is a dull-brown, mottled thickly above and on the sides with dull yellowish-
white, leaving a largish, irregularly -defined brown patch near the middle of either side of the
upper part. The middle of the upper part has four distinct, impressed, deep black-brown
spots in a quadrangular figure, whose posterior side is much longer than its anterior, and its
shortest transverse diameter longer than its longitudinal one. A little way from, and on each
side of, the inferior spinners is a white spot, in front of which is another, or rather a some-
what roundish, white patch. The genital aperture is of a simple transverse oval form, covered
by the epigyne, which is very prominent, directed backwards, curved, flattish, and rather
tapering to a broad, rounded point.
Hah. — Murree to Sind Valley, July 14th to August 5th, 1873.
Genus — CHORIZOOPES, Cambr.
66. — Chokizoopes stoliczkje, sp. n.
Adult female : length rather over 2\ lines.
The cephalothorax is short, broadish, and massive in front ; the caput elevated, especia J
Alt ANE IDEA.
53
the occipital portion of it. The colour is a dark reddish yellow-brown, and there are some
coarse greyish hairs on the surface, which is also finely punctuose.
The eyes are small, and placed in three widely separated groups ; the central group of
four eyes (forming a quadrangular figure whose anterior side is the shorter, and its posterior
side the longer) is placed near the lower part of the foreside of the caput, the height of the
clypeus rather exceeding the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes, which are a little the
largest of the eight. These of each lateral pair are placed obliquely, close above the insertion
of the f alces, and separated from each other by an interval of at least the diameter of the fore-
lateral eyes, which are larger than the hind-lateral.
The legs are short and slender ; there is very little difference in the length of those of
the first, second, and fourth pairs, the third pair being the shortes t. They are of a dull yellow
colour tinged with orange, annulated with reddish yellow-brown, and furnished with hairs
and slender bristles only.
The palpi are short, slender, and similar to the legs in colour and armature.
Th efalces are rather long, strong, prominent at their base in front, and slightly diver-
gent, obliquely truncated at their fore extremity on the inner side, the oblique poition being
armed with a single row of short strong teeth and long bristly hairs. Tlieir colour is rather
paler than that of the cephalothorax, with a darker suffusion across the middle.
The maxillae are strong and considerably inclined towards the labium, which is small
and of a curvilinear triangular form. The colour of the maxilla; is yellow-brown ; that of the
labium paler.
The sternum is of a similar form to that of the labium, only of course much larger, and
With its apex pointed in the opposite direction ; it is of a dull orange yellow-brown colour,
with some red-brown marginal indentations between the points of insertion of the legs.
The abdomen is large, of an oval form, more pointed before than behind, where it is
very bluff and rounded. The general convexity is great, though the upper surface is rather
flat, and it projects greatly over the base of the cephalothorax. On each side of the upper
part is a longitudinal row of small pointed (or conical) protuberances, and another longitudinal
vow of three similar protuberances bisects the hinder part of the abdomen ; the foremost of
these last is nearly in a straight, transverse line with the hinder one of each of the other row.
The upper part of the abdomen is of a dull golden-yellowisb colour, marked on each side of
the central line with blackish-brown, including the inside half of each of the conical pro-
tuberances, and leaving a clear, broadish, longitudinal, median yellow band, from which two
curved lateral stripes, edged with black, issue on each side from its hinder half, and a
Prominent point on each side of its fore part; the sides are obliquely rugulose, and, with the
Under side, are yellowish, marked with dark brown ; some of the lower lateral markings are
oblique, and from the genital aperture two parallel, blackish streaks, close together, run to the
spinners. The epigyne connected with the genital aperture is prominent, tapering, pointed,
and a little directed backwards.
This spider is remarkable from the genus having only been previously recorded as
indigenous to Ceylon.
Hah. — Murree to Sind Yalley, July 14th to August 5tli, 1873.
67. — Chorizoopes congener, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2 lines.
The caput is greatly elevated, broad, well rounded on all sides above, and highest at the
54-
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
occiput, appearing to overwhelm the thoracic portion by its disproportionate development ;
its sides are perpendicular, and it is divided longitudinally by a duplex, longitudinal, indented
line. The colour of the cephalothorax is deep red-brown, except two largish oblique,
somewhat oval patches on either side of the occiput, which are of a clear yellowish-red, and
a patch on each side of the four central eyes, as well as the clypeus, which are dull reddish-
yellow. The height of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial space, being equal to
rather more than two diameters of one of the fore-central eyes. The surface of the cepha-
lothorax is covered thinly with short fine hairs, and appears to be finely punctuose.
The eyes are small but not greatly different in size. They are placed in the usual three
widely separated groups : the central one, of four eyes, is in the form of a quadrangle whose
hinder side is the longer and its fore-side the shorter. The fore-centrals are slightly larger
than the hind- centrals, seated on the sides of a slight prominence, and separated by rather
more than a diameter’s interval. Those of each lateral pair are near together, but not quite
contiguous to each other, and are placed just above the hinder part of the insertion of the
falces (looked at sideways).
The legs are short and not very strong ; those of the fourth pair are distinctly the long-
est, and those of the third pair the shortest, the others differ but little from each other m
length ; those of the first pair slightly the longest. Their colour is yellow, annulated with
light yellow-brown, and they are furnished with hairs and slender bristles only.
The palpi are short, slender, yellow, and without annuli; they are furnished with hau's>
and several spine-like bristles on the inner-sides of the digital joints. ^
The falces are moderately long, very strong, roundly prominent near their base in fron
but retreating and directed backwards towards their extremity, where on the fore side there
are two adjacent prominences, the larger and more prominent being the inner one of the
two, and each is furnished thickly with strong bristles, in front of which are some strong^1
teeth.
The maxillae, labium, and sternum are similar in form and structure to those of the
preceding species ; their colour is yellowish-brown, that of the sternum being the darkest ,
the apex of the labium and the extremities of the maxillae being much the palest.
The abdomen is short, but broad and deep, the hinder extremity is broader and deeper'
than the fore part, and has four rounded prominences; three of these form a nearly straig
transverse line along the upper margin, the middle one of the three being the largest and a
little in advance of the other two, while the fourth is half way in a straight line between
it and the spinners. It is clothed with short fine hairs of a greyish hue, and the upper 81
is yellowish and brown, with dark black-brown mixed ; the most distinct of the yellow
ings are in the median longitudinal line, towards the hinder extremity of which are two
three tolerably well-defined transverse angular bars or chevrons, with the angles direc
forwards ; and in front of them is a broad longitudinal band of yellow reaching to the
extremity, and having a dusky brownish, ill-defined stripe along the middle ; there is also^
considerable patch of yellow on the lateral margins, mostly towards the hinder part of ^
upper side. The sides and under-side are deep brown ; the former are rugulose, anc
latter has some indistinct, dull orange-yellowish markings ; the process (or epigyne) ^o11
nected with the genital aperture is not very prominent, but obtuse, and directed backwar
This spider is remarkably nearly allied to Chorisoopes frontalis, Cambr., from bey ’
but is, I think, distinct, although closely resembling it in size, form, and colour.
Hab. — Murree to Sind Valley, July 14th to August 5th, 1877.
ARANEIDEA.
55
Family — G ASTER A CANTU WES.
Genua— CYRTARACHNE, Thor.
68. — Cyrtarachne pallida, sp. n.
Immature female : length inch.
The whole of the fora part of this spider is of a pale straw-yellow colour : the normal
grooves and indentations on the cephalothorax, as well as the occipital region, are suffused
with whitish. The cephalothorax is short, broad behind, and hut very slightly constricted
laterally at the caput, the fore part of which is rather broad also. The occiput has some
strong, erect bristles, and the height of the clypcus is equal to the diameter of one of the
fore-central eyes. The eyes are in the ordinary position : they occupy the whole width of
the fore part of the caput, and are of a pale dull amber colour; those of the hind-cential pair
are the largest of the eight, and are divided by an interval equal to an eye s diameter ; those
of the fore-central pair are divided by more than a diameter, and form a line veiy slightly
shorter than that which is formed by the hind-central pair, the four central eyes thus form-
ing very nearly a square.
The legs are rather short and slender, and are furnished with hairs and fine bristles only;
their relative length is 1, 2, 4, 3.
The palpi are short and slender.
The falces are not very long, strong, straight, perpendicular. The maxillce, labium, and
sternum are of normal form, and similar to the legs in colour.
The abdomen is large, much the broadest across the middle, of a rather flattened form,
and projects considerably over the base of the cephalothorax ; it is of dull cretaceous-whitish
hue with a longitudinal, median, dusky-brown line, which has some fine, oblique, venose lines
of a similar colour issuing from its hinder part ; and on either side of the fore part is a
large, oblique, oblong, dull-brownish patch ; the under side is sooty blackish.
Eab. — Murree to Sind Yalley, July 14th to August 5th, 1873.
Family— UL OBOlilBES.
Genus —UL0B0RU8, Walck.
69. — UlOBORTJS AL3ESCENS, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2| lines.
The cephalothorax is short, broad, nearly round behind, and gibbose on the thorax, on
either side of the thoracic indentation : the caput, which is rather broad in front, is also
constricted laterally. The colour is yellow-brown, paler on the margins along the medial
line and on the outer side of the gibbous portion of the thorax.
The eyes are small, seated on black spots, and do not differ greatly in size , they are
placed in two transverse curved rows, occupying the whole width of the fore part of the
caput ; the convexity of the curve of the hinder row is directed forwards, while that of the
front row is directed backwards ; the interval between the eyes of each lateral pair is thus
greater than that between the fore and hind-central pairs. The interval between the eyes
56
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
of the liincl-central pair is greater than that between each of them and the hind-lateral on
its side ; and the interval between those of the fore-central pair, which are seated on a
slight prominence, is less than that between each of them and the fore-lateral on its side,
the latter interval being also less than that between the eyes of each lateral pair. The
interval between the fore-centrals is also very nearly as great as that between each hind-
central eye and the hind- lateral on its side. The four central eyes form a quadrangular
figure whose fore-side is the shortest and its hinder side slightly the longest. The clypeus
is almost obsolete.
The legs are short, and those of the first and fourth, and second and third pairs
respectively, do not differ greatly in length ; those of the first pair are much the strongest,
their relative length being 1, 4, 2, 3. They are of a pale yellow-brown colour, clouded in
parts with a darker hue ; excepting the calamistra on the metatarsi of the fourth pair, there
were scarcely any hairs on the legs, but probably some of them had been rubbed off.
The palpi are short, and slender, of a dull yellow colour, furnished with bristles and grey
hairs, and terndnate with a rather strong curved, black, toothed claw.
Th efalces are small, slightly projecting forwards, and of a pale yellow-brown colour.
The maxillae and labium are of normal form, and similar in colour to the palpi.
The sternum is heart-shaped, and of a pale brownish-yellow colour.
The abdomen is large, very much elevated and obtuse at its anterior extremity, which pro-
jects considerably over the cephalotliorax, and somewhat pointed behind on either side of the
upper part; near the anterior extremity is a roundish, somewhat sub-conical protuberance.
The colour of the abdomen is yellowish white ; an irregular brownish venose line extends
along the middle of the fore part of the upper side, and emits some other fine venose lines
on each side as it runs backwards ; about the middle of each side, near, and partly on, the
under side, is a rather oblique browrn patch ; and another of the same colour extends along a
portion of the middle of the under side. On each side, near the base of the spinners, are
two white spots, and immediately in front of the usual spinners is the supernumerary spin-
ning organ. An obtuse prominent pale-yellowish process, slightly indented at its extremity
and pointed backwards, is connected with the genital aperture.
Bab. — Murree to Sind Valley, between July 4th and August 5th, 1873.
Family — Til 0 All SI D ES.
Genus — THOMISUS, Walck. (ad partem).
70. — Thomisus albidus, sp. n.
Immature female : length If lines.
It is with some hesitation that I describe this spider as a new species, since it is possible
that in the adult state it may present some other specific characters which may either pro' e
it to have been already described, or else render the present description quite inadequate f°r
the determination of the species. As, however, there is no described species known to nit'
to which I can refer it, I venture to include it here as new.
The cephalothorax is broadest quite at the hinder extremity, and narrows gradually to
the fore extremity, which is also tolerably broad and truncated : the fore corners of the upper
side of the caput are prominent and sub-angular. The margins of the cephalothorax aie
ARANEIDEA.
57
whitish, the sides yellow-brown with a greenish tinge; the broad median longitudinal band,
to a little distance behind the eyes, is pale yellow-brown, and the remainder is suffused with
white ; the ocular area and the middle part of the clypeus are also suffused with white.
The eyes are very small, seated on strong tubercles in a crescent form. The hind-laterals
ape the most prominent of the tubercles, forming the fore-angles of the caput ; those of the
fore-central pair are slightly the largest of the eight ; the intervals be tween those of the
hinder row are equal, as are, apparently, also those between the eyes of the anterior row ;
the interval between those of each lateral pair is less than that between the fore and hind-
eentral pairs. The four central eyes form a square whose posterior side is longer than the
rest. The height of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial space.
The legs of the first pair are moderately long, slender, of a dull whitish-yellow colour,
a*id armed with two parallel rows of short spines beneath the metatarsi. The legs of the
second pair were absent ; those of the third and fourth pairs are much shorter than the
first — the third slightly the shortest ; they are rather paler in colour than the first, and have
“o spines.
The palpi were both absent.
The maxillae and labium are of normal form, and similar to the legs in colour.
The sternum is nearly round, slightly hollow at the fore extremity, and its colour is
whitish yellow.
The abdomen is large, considerably convex above, and projects greatly over the base of the
uephalo thorax ; its hinder extremity is the broadest and most massive, and it is of a uniform
yellow-white colour above, whiter on the sides and underneath.
Hab. — On the road from Yarkand to Bursi, between May 28th and June 17th, IS 7-1.
71. — Thomisus albens, sp. n.
Immature female: length rather over 2| lines.
The cephalothorax has the slope of its sides and hinder part gradual and not very
steep. The angular prominences at the fore-coimers of the caput are strong ; the clypeus
projects forwards, and its height exceeds half that of the facial space. The colour of the
oephalothorax is dull pale-yellowish, very slightly tinged with brown ; the ocular area, all
the middle portion of the clypeus, and a large arrow-head-shaped patch on the occiput (the
point of the arrow running backwards to the hinder margin), are white, the sides, and part
immediately behind the eyes, being also slightly veined with white.
The eyes are very small, seated on tubercles in two curved rows in the usual form of a
descent : those of the hind-central pair are further from each other than each is from the
hind-lateral eye on its side, while the fore-centrals are considerably nearer together than each
is to the fore-lateral on its side ; those of each lateral pair are also much nearer together than
the fore and hind-central pairs are to each other, the front row being much the more
strongly curved. The four central eyes form nearly a square, the anterior side being consi-
derably shortest, and the posterior one slightly the longest.
The legs of the first and second pairs are moderately long and tolerably strong ; the second
are, if anything, slightly the longest. They are of a pale dull yellowish colour suffused
below with white, and the metatarsi are armed beneath with two longitudinal parallel rows
°t short spines ; beneath the fore extremity of the tibiae are one or two more spines, but
H
I
58
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
besides these there appear to he no more on any of the legs. Those of the third and fourth
pairs are much the shortest, the latter being a little longer than the third.
The palpi are short, destitute of bristles and spines, and similar to the legs in colour.
Th e falces are short, strong, sub-conical, rather projecting, and, excepting a small patch
bisected with a white line at their base near the outer side, of a white colour like the
clypeus.
The maxilla and labium are of normal form, and similar to the legs in colour.
The sternum is oval, hollow-truncate in front, and of a whitish hue.
The abdomen is of good size, flattened above, projecting well over the base of the eephalo-
thorax, much broadest behind, where it is of a blunt-angular form on each side ; the form
of the upper side is therefore somewhat quadrangular, the fore part being a little roundly
truncated ; the sides, the fore part, and also the hinder extremity (which is abrupt) are
rugulose and marked with rows of small impressed points ; these are most apparent as a
margin to the fore part and sides. The five normal impressed points are visible on the fore
half of the upper side, and the whole of the abdomen is of a uniform white colour ; the spin-
ners are tolerably strong, very short, compact, and similar in colour to the legs.
This spider is allied to, but quite distinct from, T. pugilis, Stoliczka, found in the
neighbourhood of Calcutta.
Bab— On the route from Yarkand to Bursi, between May 28th and June 17tli, 1874.
Geiraa— MISUMENA, Thor.
72.— MlSUMENA EXPALL1DATA, Sp. n.
Adult female : length lines.
The whole of the fore part of this spider is a dull pale yellow. The cephalothorax
slightly tinged with brown, with a pale, somewhat triangular, patch at the occiput ; the
falces also being similarly tinged. The abdomen is white, a little suffused on the sides wi
brownish-yellow, and with a narrow, median, brownish stripe on the fore half of the upPer
side, emitting some lateral and posterior venose lines ; the usual five impressed spots are also
visible on the fore half of the upper side. .
The eyes are small, and differ but little in size, the fore-laterals being rather the larges
they are seated on white tubercles, in the form of a crescent, in two curved rows, the anterior
beinw the shorter and more curved ; the interval between those of the hind-central I)air
is less than that between each and the hind-lateral eye on its side, while that between ®
fore-centrals is slightly greater than that between each and the fore-lateral next to it.
four central eyes form a square whose posterior side is a very little longer than its anterior,
and the interval between those of each lateral pair is less than that between the fore an
hind-central pairs. The height of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial space. ^ ^
The legs of the first and second pairs are long, moderately strong, and scarcely differing j
length ; those of the third and fourth pairs are much shorter, less strong, but also of oca1^
equal length. Those of the second pair appear to be slightly the longest, and the third
slightly the shortest ; all are furnished with spines, of which there are two longitu “V
parallel rows beneath the metatarsi and tibise of the two first pairs. The metatarsi and a
are tinged with reddish yellow-brown.
ARAN EIRE A.
59
The palpi are short, slender, and furnished with hairs and bristles. The genital aperture
is small and simple, being of a somewhat oblong form, a little narrower at its hinder than at
its fore extremity.
Hab. — Murree, between June 11th and July 14th, 1873.
73. — Misumena oblonga, sp. n.
Adult female : length nearly 4| lines.
The cephalothorax is as broad as it is long ; the marginal constrictions on the sides of the
caput are strong ; the thorax broader than long. The colour of the cephalothorax is dull
yellow-brown, with a longitudinal median white line, and a lateral, somewhat zigzag, line of
the same colour along the middle of each side. The central white line has two or three
lateral points on each side, and it runs from immediately behind the ocular area, to the thoracic
indentation : the clypeus projects a little forwards, and its height distinctly exceeds half
that of the facial space.
The eyes are small, seated on white tubercles in two transverse rows, in a narrow crescent
form ; the front row is the shorter and more strongly curved ; the ocular area is compara-
tively rather small, and the fore-lateral eyes are but slightly larger than the fore-centrals ;
these last are a little further from each other than each is from the fore-lateral on its side ;
"while those of the hind-central pair are nearer together than each is to the hind-lateral next
to it. The four central eyes form very nearly a square whose longitudinal is very slightly
greater than its transverse diameter. The interval between those of each lateral pair is
equal to that between the fore and hind-central pairs.
The legs of the first and second pairs are tolerably long and rather slender : those of the
first appear to be a little the longest, those of the third and fourth pairs are much
shorter, the third rather the shortest ; all are of a pale, dull, straw- yellow colour, and are
furnished with hairs, slender bristles, and spines ; of the last there are two longitudinal
parallel rows of long conspicuous ones beneath the metatarsi and tibiae of the first and second
pairs ; the rest of the spines on these legs, and especially those on the third and fourth pairs,
are small and inconspicuous.
The palpi are short, slender, and similar to the legs in colour and armature ; the radial
joint has a long, slightly curved, pointed spine near the base on the inner side, its point
directed inwards.
Th Qfalces are moderately long, not very strong, sub-conical, projecting a little forwards,
and similar in colour to the cephalothorax.
The maxilla and labium are of normal form and similar to the legs in colour, the
sternum being heart-shaped and of a pale straw-colour.
The abdomen is elongated, oblong-oval in form, and more than three times the length of
tfie cephalothorax ; its fore extremity is rather roundly truncated and broader than the
hinder extremity, the widest part being a little in front of the middle ; its colour is a dull
straw-yellow, with the sides and a broad, median, longitudinal band pretty thickly spotted with
white; the median band has a largish, elongate, diamond-shaped, dull-brownish, straw-coloured
Marking on the fore part emitting some short venose lateral lines. The genital aperture is
suiall and simple, consisting of two round yellow-brown openings placed side by side, and edged
■with dark reddish-brown.
h 1
60
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
This is in several respects a remarkable spider and aberrant from the generic type, both
in the form of the abdomen, the height of the clypeus, and the small comparative size of the
ocular area. I hesitate, however, at present, to form a new genus for it, though it will pro-
bably be necessary at some future time to do so.
Hab. — Murree to Sind Valley, between July 14th and August 5th, 1873.
Genus — SYNE M A , Simon.
74. — Synema exculta, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2 lines.
The cephalothorax is short and broad ; the lateral constrictions on the margin of the
caput are slight, and the caput is broadly truncated before. The height of the clypeus is
rather less than half that of the facial space. It is of a dull yellow-brown colour; the clypeus,
as well as the ocular area and a broad longitudinal band on each side of the upper part, being
of a deep reddish-brown colour ; that of the two bands being the darkest ; the occiput is
marked with a somewhat curvilinear, angular, pale-yellowish marking, the angle of which is
directed backwards. The sides and hinder slope of the cephalothorax are steep, and its
surface is thinly covered with long, curved, prominent, rather tapering bristles.
The eyes are on tubercles, in two transverse curved rows occupying the whole width of
the broad caput ; the hinder row being the longer, and, if anything, slightly the more strongly
curved ; thus, the eyes of each lateral pair are rather further from each other than the fore-
central pair is from the hind-central one. The eyes of each row respectively are equi-
distant from each other; though, if anything, the fore-centrals may be very slightly further from
each other than each is from the fore-lateral on its side. The fore-laterals are the largest of the
eight and considerably larger than the fore-centrals. The fore-central eyes form a square
whose posterior side is longer than the other three.
The legs of the first and second pairs are moderately long and slender, the second pair
being perhaps slightly the longest ; they are of a yellow-brown colour, the femora much the
darkest ; the third and fourth pairs are much shorter, of a pale-yellowish colour, and the
third pair is slightly the shortest. All are furnished with hairs, slender bristles, and spines.
The palpi are short, slender, and similar in colour to the third and fourth pairs of legs-
The falces are short, strong, sub-conical, slightly projecting forwards, and of a dull reddish
yellow-brown colour.
The maxillce and labium are of normal form, and of a dull brownish-yellow colour.
The sternum is heart-shaped and yellow.
The abdomen is short, considerably convex above, and projects entirely over the hinder
slope of the cephalothorax ; it is much broadest, and well rounded, towards the hinder extremity*
and is of a dull yellow-brownish colour; the fore part of the upper side has a few deep ret-
hrown points, and a diffused marginal border of white cretaceous spots; the hinder purt lS
much covered with similar white spots arranged in three not very well defined transverse
diffused, curved bars, the two intervals between the first three being of a deep red- brown colour*
there are also some markings of the same dark, red-brown hue just above the spinners ;
sides are rugulose, marked with indistinct reddish-brown streaks following the somew
oblique course of the rugulosities. The genital opening is simple, and consists of two sffi' »
round, reddish-brown apertures in a transverse line.
ARANEIDEA.
61
This spider is allied to Synema (Dicea, Thor.) globosa.
Its fore-lateral eyes, however, are larger in proportion to the fore-centrals than in that
species, and S. exculta thus diverges still more widely from the spiders of the genus Di
pl. ix, fig. 13), but, among other differences, the great disproportion in size between the
fore-central and fore-lateral eyes is an essential one.
97. — Stoliczka insignis, sp. n.
Adult female : length rather over 5 lines.
The ceplialothorax is clothed with a short sandy-grey pubescence ; its colour is deep
brown, with a broad longitudinal band and a narrow irregular lateral one, on each side, a little
Way from the margin, of a much paler, yellow-brown hue. The median hand has, on each
side, a little way behind the ocular area, a slight enlargement in the form of a small, angular
point ; this is most conspicuous in young examples, but is traceable in adults as w ell, and is a
strong specific character. The height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of a fore-lateral
eye.
The eyes of the hind-central pair are very much nearer to each other than each is to the
bind-lateral eye on its side, being separated by no more, or even by less, than a diameter s
interval ; those of the fore-central pair are rather further from each other than each is from
the fore-lateral eye next to it ; the length of the front row is as nearly as possible equal to the
length of the line formed by either three of the eyes, adjacent to each other, of the hinder
row : the hind-lateral eye on each side is equally distant from the hind-central and fore-central
eye next to it, forming the apex of an isosceles triangle; and the four central eyes form a
quadrangular figure whose longitudinal is much greater than its transverse diameter, and
whose anterior side is slightly shorter than its posterior one.
78
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The legs do not differ greatly in length ; they are of a yellow-brown colour, deepening
gradually to deep red-brown on the tarsi. They are indistinctly annulated with a deeper hue ;
but this annulation is generally lost more or less in adults, being pretty distinct in young
examples. The tarsi and metatarsi are furnished beneath with a thin scopula ; all the legs are
tolerably thickly furnished with hairs, bristles, and spines, and the inferior tarsal claw is very
small and sharply bent downwards, being not easy to distinguish in the tuft of hairs which
surrounds it ; the two upper claws are strong, curved, and armed with about five denticula-
tions.
The palpi are short, of a deep red-brown colour, similar to the legs in their armature,
and terminate with a curved claw.
The falces are tolerably long, strong, perpendicular ; their basal half in front is roundly
protuberant, smooth, strong, and of a very dark rich red-brown colour, yellowish red-brown
at the extremity.
The maxillae and labium are rather less deep and rich in colours than the falces.
The sternum is roundish-oval, pointed behind and truncate before, and of a reddish
yellow-brown colour.
The abdomen fits pretty close up to the steepish hinder slope of the cephalothorax ; it *s
broader behind than before, this form becoming intensified in adults that have deposited their
eggs. In adults, the abdomen is of a deep-brown colour, palest underneath, and clothed with
a short, somewhat sandy-grey pubescence, besides longer prominent hairs ; and on the f°re
half of the upper side is a yellow, longitudinal, median,’ somewhat tapering stripe. In mi'
mature specimens, the abdomen is yellow-brown, marked with darlc-brown, shewing the yellow
stripe on the fore-half of the upper side, as well as some angular bars of the same colour
between it and the spinners. These are short, compact, the inferior stronger than, but of equal
length with, the superior pair. The genital aperture consists of two somewhat roundish
openings, one on each side, at the hinder part of an oval prominence.
This spider is an extremely interesting form, and appears to be an abundant species-
Some of the examples had large, round, dark-brown lycosiform bags of eggs attached by
silken fastenings to their spinners.
Sab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1873.
9
Genus — OCT ALE , Sav,
98, — OCTALE RECTIFASCIATA, Sp. n.
Immature male : length nearly 6 lines.
The cephalothorax, legs, falces, and other fore parts of this spider are of a dull yellow-
brown colour. A broad, dark yellow-brown, median band, edged with a marginal border o
white hairs, runs throughout, and includes the ocular area. This band is very distinct an
its margins are parallel to each other. ,
The eyes are in the ordinary position ; the anterior row is equal in length to the interva
between the two eyes of the posterior row ; it is curved, the curve directed backwards, and i s
four eyes are small and do not differ greatly in size ; the two lateral ones are smallest, an >
being each seated in front of a dark tubercle (the tubercle itself being in a straight line wi
the two central eyes), give to the row the appearance at first sight of being straight, but, as
above stated, the row is in reality curved, its eyes being equidistant from each other, a
ARANEIDEA.
79
separated by an interval of less than the diameter of one of tbe centrals. Those of the middle
r°w are rather larger than the fore-centrals, and form a line nearly equal in length to the inter-
vals between the lateral eyes of the anterior row, and are separated by more than a diameter’s
interval. Each of them is also equally distant from the fore-lateral and hind-lateral eyes on
its side, the interval between these two last being equal to that between the two fore-lateral
eyes. The height of the clypeus is just equal to half that of the facial space.
The legs are long and slender, but do not differ very greatly in length. Their relative
length is 4, 2, 1, 3, and they are furnished with hairs and spines.
The palpi are short ; the digital joint large, and, not being yet fully developed, tumid ;
its length is equal to that of the humerus, its fore extremity being considerably drawn out.
The radial joint is rather longer than the cubital, and has a not very large, sharp -pointed,
tapering apophysis at its fore extremity on the outer side. This apophysis, as well as some
strong bristles on the upper side of the joint, were plainly visible beneath the cuticle, the
moulting of which would have brought the example to the adult state, in which the palpal
organs would be fully developed.
The maxillae, labium, and sternum are of normal form ; the two first of a more yellow-
brown than the sternum.
The j aloes arc moderately long but not particularly strong, straight but slightly diver-
gent, perpendicular, and a little roundly prominent in profile at their base.
The abdomen is of an elongate-oval form, tapering pretty gradually from the fore to the
hinder extremity. It is of a dull yellowish whitey -brown colour ; the sides are marked with
a few scattered, indistinct, brown spots, and a broad, darkish yellow-brown, tapering band
runs along the middle of the upper side from end to end, and is edged with a marginal border
°f white hairs ; the edges of this band towards the narrowest (or hinder) extremity are slightly
sinuous ; the band itself has the appearance of a continuation of that on the cephalotliorax.
The under side of the abdomen has a broad, median, longitudinal, slightly tapering, whitish
band reaching from the spiracular plates to the spinners. These are short, but those of the
superior pair are rather longer, though less strong, than those of the inferior pair.
The example above described being immature, the abdomen is very much larger than it
Would be in the adult state, in which it is probable that the total length of the spider would not
eXceed lines.
This spider is very nearly allied to one \not yet described) of a larger size, but almost
exactly similar in colours and markings, though of quite a distinct species, received from
Ceylon and also from Bombay.
Hob. — Murree to Sind Valley, between July 14th and August 5th, 1873.
99. — Ocyale dentifasciata, sp. n.
Adult female : length rather more than 4§ lines.
The spider is nearly allied to the foregoing species ; it is, however, not only smaller
(which may not be a constant character), but the abdominal band is very deeply dentated
°n its margins, and has a series of brownish-yellow, somewhat angular markings along its
middle. The sides of the abdomen are irregularly, but extensively, coveied with almost
confluent brown markings, leaving, however, next to the upper side, a tolerably distinct
80 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
dentated, pale dull yellowisli-brown band slightly spotted with brown. The cephalothoi ax
has a median longitudinal band edged with white hairs like that of 0. rectifascicita.
The eyes are in a similar position to those of that species, hut at the same time are rat ier
more separated from each other. ...
The legs are rather long, of a dull, darkish yellow-brown colour, armed with spines ,
and their relative length appears to he 4, 2, 1, 3. . .
The /Wees are similar to the last species in form and size, and are of a dark shining
yellow- b rowoi. deeper in hue than the legs.
The maxillae are yellow-brown, palest at the extremities, and the labium is of the sam
colour, with a pale apical margin. _ ,
The sternum is yellowish, with a distinct, broadish, yellow-brown marginal border, an
is clothed with coarse grey, and a few dark-brown, hairs.
Mab. — Murree to Sind Yalley, between July 14th and August 5th, 1873.
Genus — TROCHOSA , C. L. Koch.
100. — Trochosa rtjbiginea, sp. n.
Adult female : length 4| lines. .
It is not without considerable hesitation that I have included this very interesting spine
in the genus Trochosa. It is probable that future collectors will discover other species
presenting similar special peculiarities in the position of the eyes, joined to the rather shor ,
but strong, unattenuated legs of the present spider ; in which case it might become necessary
to form a separate genus, or ub-genus, for their reception. .
The cephalothorax is oval, broad, and truncate at its fore extremity ; the margiRa
lateral constrictions of the caput are slight, and the height of the clypeus is at least equal to,
or even exceeds, double the diameter of one of the central eyes of the front row. Its colour
is yellowish, with a narrow marginal band, and two broad longitudinal lateral bands, ot a
rusty red-brown hue, leaving a rather indistinct, median, tapering, yellowish band strong 7
constricted near the occiput, and having a large part of its surface along the middle line
suffused with rusty red-brown, and containing towards its hinder extremity the thoraci
indentation, which is marked by a fine, deep red-brown line: the middle of each side
occupied by a longitudinal, well-defined, but not very broad, yellow band. The fore pan
the area enclosed by the middle and posterior rows of eyes is of a dark rcddisli-brown colour’
the hinder part of this patch contains two oval, parallel, yellowish markings. Sometim
the slender red-brown lines defining the outer sides of these oval markings are obsoie ^
leaving a short, dark red-brown stripe, ending a little way behind the posterior row of ey>
its termination, more or less, laterally dilated. The broad lateral rusty-brown bands
traversed by numerous deep red-brown lines, all radiating or converging to the thora
indentation. The surface of the cephalothorax is covered with yellow-grey pubescence,
there are numerous blackish bristles on the upper part and sides of the caput. ^
The eyes are in the usual three rows — 4, 2, 2 ; the central pair of the first row are
than the laterals, and are divided by an interval exceeding a diameter, and each is very ’
but not quite contiguous, to the lateral on its side ; the front row is very slight y, ijer
thing, shorter than the second ; the eyes of the second row are, if anything, slig i 7
than those of the third row, those of both the second and third rows being very consic
ABANEIDEA.
81
larger than the eyes of the fore-central pair. The distance between each eye of the second
row and the lateral of the first row opposite to it is equal to the diameter of the former.
The length of the third row is double that of the second, and the interval between these two
rows is double that between the first and second.
The legs are rather short, strong, tapering, hut not attenuated at the extremities ; they
are of a yellowish colour, pretty densely clothed with hairs, armed with a few not very
strong spines, and annulated with rusty red-brown, most distinctly on the upper side of the
femora ; their relative length is 4, 1, 2, 3, hut the difference is not great.
The palpi are tolerably long, and similar in colour and armature to the legs.
The falces are moderate in length and strength, straight and perpendicular ; they are
°f a yellow colour, with two longitudinal red-brown lines at their base, and are furnished
with numerous bristles in front.
The maxillae and labium are of ordinary form, hairy, and similar in colour to the
falces.
The sternum is oval, truncated before, of a deep rusty red-brown colour, bordered with
a broad yellow margin, and with a median, longitudinal, sharp -pointed, yellow stripe at its
fore extremity.
The abdomen is of an ohlong-oval form, broadly, hut rather roundly, truncated at its
fore extremity, and pretty densely clothed with greyish -yellow and other hairs. The upper
part and sides are of a dark rusty-reddish colour, freckled with small, pale-yellowish spots.
The fore part of the upper side has the normal longitudinal marking of an orange-yellowish
colour, slightly margined with deep red-brown and rather bluntly pointed at its hinder
extremity : this marking is rather broadest just behind the middle, and on each side of the
broadest (or subangularly prominent) part is a short, orange-yellow, oblique stripe: and
following the hinder extremity of the marking is a series of oblique, rather elongate, opposed,
oval markings of a similar colour in pairs, each oval marking containing a small but distinct
central red-brown spot : the two lines of these oval markings converge towards the spinners,
but become obsolete before they reach these parts. They evidently represent the normal
Angular bars or chevrons. The under side is dull orange-yellow, with a longitudinal median
rusty band.
Immature males resembled the females in colour and size.
Sab. — This spider appears to be pretty common. Its localities are Yarkand and neigh-
bourhood, November 1873; Kashghar, December 1873 ; and route from Yarkand to Bursi,
between May 28th and June 17th, 1874.
101. — Trochosa hebes, sp. n.
Adult male : length 2f lines.
This spider, which is of the Trochosa picta group, is very closely allied to Arctosa
aniJjlacea, C. L. Koch, which it resembles in size and in the general character of its markings,
but it is not nearly of so bright a hue ; and the form of the genital aperture of the female
*s quite distinct. I have only been able to compare the females of the two species, not
possessing a male of A. amylacea.
The cephalolhorax is broad-eval behind, and somewhat drawn out forwards, though
^ith but slight lateral constrictions on the margins of the caput; its colour is brownish-
82
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
yellow, witli a dentated marginal band, and a broader lateral strongly dentated one, of a darlc-
brown colour on each side, leaving a large central star-shaped, or radiated, brownish-yellow
marking. The ocular area is dark-brown, and the whole surface of the cephalothorax is
pretty thickly clothed with hairs, many among which are prominent, dark brown, and of
a bristly nature.
The eyes are grouped as in T. picta. Those of the hinder row are smaller than those of
the middle row, but considerably larger than the central pair of the front row ; the eyes of
the middle and hinder rows form a quadrangular figure whose posterior side is not greatly
longer than the anterior one, the length of the sides being apparently equal to that of the
posterior side. The anterior row of eyes is, if anything, slightly shorter than the middle
row, and the interval between the eyes of its central pair is larger than that between each
and the lateral eye next to it, to which last it is very close, though not quite contiguous.
The height of the clypeus is at least equal to twice the diameter of one of the central eyes
of the front row.
The legs are moderately long and tolerably strong, particularly the femoral joints ; they
are of a dark-yellowish colour with dark-brown annuli, and are thickly clothed with hairs and
long prominent slender bristles, those of the third and fourth pairs being armed with spines.
The palpi are rather short, hairy, and similar in colour and markings to the legs. The
radial joint is a little shorter, but of equal strength with the cubital ; the digital joint is dark
brown at its base, paler at the extremity ; it is long and narrow, being only a little broader
at its basal part than the radial joint ; its length is equal to that of the radial and cubital
joints together; the palpal organs are small and simple, being very like those of T. picta.
The falces are long, moderately strong, straight, perpendicular, and of a deep brown
colour.
The maxillce and labium arc of normal form; their colour is yellowish -brown ; the
extremities of the former and the apex of the latter being of a paler hue.
The sternum is oval, hairy, and of a dark yellow-brown colour.
The abdomen is rather broader behind than in front ; it is hairy and of a brownish-yell0^
colour ; the markings, which are of the general Lycosa type, and almost exactly similar to
those of T. picta , are delineated by dark blackish-brown lines and spots. The under side lS
also more or less marked with the same.
JE lab. — Yarkand and neighbourhood, November 1873 ; Yangiliissar, April 1874; Yarkand,
between 21st and 27th May 1874 ; hills between Sirikol and Aktalla, between 8th and 18th
May 1874; route from Yarkand to Bursi, between May 28th and June 17th, 1874.
102. — T roc nos a propinqua, sp. n.
Adult female : length just over 5 lines.
This spider is very closely allied to T. ruricola, De Geer, but is, I think, certainly of a
distinct species.
The cephalothorax is broader behind and narrower before than in T. ruricola. The
broad, lateral, brown bands, instead of stopping behind the hinder row of eyes, run through
and include the laterals of both the middle and hinder rows. The median longitudinal yello^
band is similarly constricted at the occiput ; but is broader behind that point, and more radi-
ated than in T. ruricola ; and the two longitudinal brown stripes on the fore part of this
band are confluent with the sides of the brown lateral bands.
I
ARANEIDEA.
83
The eyes occupy a larger area, and are of a pale, dull, yellowish-brown hue, being much
paler than in the other species mentioned.
The legs are rather shorter in proportion, and are pretty distinctly annulated with brown ;
whereas they have rarely any trace of annulation in T ruricola.
The abdomen is of a much darker hue, being of a blackish yellow-brown colour, the
normal median longitudinal marking on the fore half of the upper side is of a brighter orange-
yellow, and is margined by a much more distinct black border. The form of the genital
aperture differs but very slightly. The under side of the abdomen is suffused with dark brown,
and on each side is a marginal border of a darker black-brown.
Sab. — Sind Valley, between 5th and 13th August, 1883.
103. — Trochosa adjacens, sp. n.
Adult female : length just over 5 lines.
This spider is very closely allied to T. terricola, Thor., differing from it in about the same
degree as T. propinqua does from T. ruricola, De Geer. It is rather a smaller spider, and
the cephalothorax appears also to be of a rather broader form, and the whole spider is of a
much duller hue and less distinctly marked ; the bands on the cephalothorax are scarcely
discernible ; the whole being of a dull yellowish-brown colour, pretty densely clothed with
short, greyish-sandy pubescence, and with some indistinct, darker brown, radiating stripes
indicating the normal indentations.
The eyes of the front row are much larger than in T. terricola, and are very nearly
equal in size to those of the hinder row ; these last, however, being much smaller than the
corresponding ones in that species.
The legs in the present spider have no trace whatever of annulation, while those of
T. terricola are frequently annulated with brown, though never very distinctly, and, in
general, chiefly on the femora.
The markings on the abdomen are very similar, as also is the form of the genital aperture,
though a slight difference in this respect is observable.
Sab. — Yangihissar, April 1874.
104. — Trochosa sabulosa, sp. n.
Adult female : length 10 lines.
The cephalothorax of this fine spider is strongly compressed laterally on the margins
of the caput, and the lateral slopes are much depressed ; the caput, however, is broad at its
lower margin and tolerably massive above. Its colour is reddish yellow-brown, totally
obscured by a dense clothing of short, pale sandy-grey pubescence, leaving but very slight
and broken traces of the ordinary radiating indentations of a darkish brown colour. The
height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes.
The eyes are in the ordinary position, and occupy an area whose length and breadth
are, as near as possible, equal ; the front row is distinctly longer than the middle one ; its
central pair of eyes are much larger than the laterals, though distinctly smaller than those
°f the hinder row, and are separated by an intei'val less than a diameter, but double as great
as that which divides each from the lateral next to it ; those of the middle row are divided
l 1
84
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
by. as nearly as possible, a diameter’s interval ; and each is separated from the eye of the
posterior row on its side by an interval of about one and a half diameters.
The legs are moderately long, strong, and tapering, but not attenuated ; their relative
length is 4, 1, 2, 3, and their colour is of a pale-yellowish hue, deepening to brownish-red ;
the metatarsi and tarsi are pretty densely clothed with sandy-grey pubescence, mixed with
other darker hairs and bristles, and armed (chiefly on the third and fourth pairs) with spines ;
the under sides of the genua and the fore extremities of the tibiae are black-brown ; the
under sides of the metatarsi and tarsi of the first and second pairs, and of the metatarsi of the
third and fourth pairs, as well as of the digital joint of the palpi, are furnished with a dense
scopula of black-brown hairs.
The palpi are similar in colour to the legs.
The falces are long and powerful, straight, perpendicular, the profile-line convexly
curved, of a deep black-brown colour, thickly clothed with sandy-grey and brown hairs and
bristles.
The maxilla: and labium are of normal form, and bristly ; their colour is red-brown,
the extremities of the former and the apex of the latter having a pale-yellowish tinge.
The sternum is oval, truncate at its fore extremity, of a dark brownish-black colour,
clothed with sandy-grey pubescence.
The abdomen is oval ; it projects well over the base of the cephalothorax, and is consi-
derably convex above ; it is densely clothed with sandy-grey, black, whitish, and brown hairs.
On the upper side, the ordinary Lycosa pattern is indistinctly visible, being indicated by the
scattered markings formed by the darker and whitish hairs. The normal elongate marking
on the fore half is truncate at its posterior extremity, and a prominent subangular point on
each side, about the middle, is indicated by a strong blackish spot ; on the hinder half, the
only markings traceable (besides a generally thin sprinkling of small blackish spots over the
whole of the upper part and sides) are two rows of obscure spots of whitish hairs, converg-
ing towards the spinners ; the whole of the under side, including the spiracular plates and
the genital aperture, is black.
The male is smaller, but resembles the female in colours and markings. The radial
joint of the palpus is considerably longer than the cubital; the digital joint is red -brown, and
a little longer than the radial ; the palpal organs present no very marked peculiarity of
structure.
L lab. — Yangihissar, April 1874; between Yangihissar and Sirikol, March 1874; road
across the Pamir from Sirikol to Panja and back, between April 22nd and May 7th, 4874 i
and Yarkand, between 21st and 27th May 1874.
105. — Trochosa appboximata, sp. n,
Adult female : length 5| lines (nearly).
This spider is almost exactly like T. sabulosa in colour and markings, the grey hue,
however, being less marked; but it may readily be distinguished by its comparatively
small size, and by the under side of the abdomen being of a dull sandy hue, instead of black,
as in T. sabulosa. The sides of the cephalothorax also appear to be more depressed, and the
fore-central eyes of the front row are more nearly equal in size to those of tjie hinder ro^.
ARANEIDEA.
85
The genital aperture is very minute, being of a transverse narrow-oval form divided longitu-
dinally by a septum.
llab. — Yarkand, November 1873.
106. — Trochosa rhbromandibtjlata, sp. n.
Immature male : length 5| lines.
This spider is nearly allied to both the foregoing species, but may easily be distinguished
by the following characters. The general hue is less grey than in T. sabulosa , and the
darker markings on the abdomen are more distinct ; the normal longitudinal marking on the
fore half of the upper side is of a dark brown hue, with some black spots and markings on
its outer margins : there are also some black spots alternating with the pale spots on the
hinder half (these latter spots not being so white as in T. sabulosa). The under side of the
abdomen is jet-black, distinctly and abruptly enlarged laterally from near the middle to the
spinners, and there is a distinct short black bar on each side near the base of the spinners.
The legs are unicolorous, having no trace of the black suffusion underneath the fore
extremity of the tibise, except very slightly beneath those of the fourth pair.
The eyes of the fore-central pair are smaller than in either T. sabulosa or T. propinqua ;
and a striking character, which distinguishes it at a glance from both, is the dense clothing of
scarlet (somewhat squamose) hairs on the front of the falces.
It is probably also a smaller spider than T. sabulosa, though this is not certain, as the
only example examined was not adult.
Sab. — Murree to Sind Valley, between July 14th and August 15th, 1873.
107. — Trochosa lhgtjbris, sp. n.
Adult male : length nearly 5 lines.
The cephalotliorax is of a dark, rich red-brown colour, thickly clothed with silky, light
grey hairs disposed in a broad longitudinal and narrower marginal bands, — the sides being
clothed with black hairs, forming thus alternate bands of white and black hairs ; the caput
is considerably produced, and constricted on the lateral margins. The height of the clypeus
is no more than, if quite so much as, the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes.
The eyes are in the ordinary position ; the length of the front row is perceptibly longer
than that of the middle row, whose central eyes are larger than the laterals, though much
smaller than those of the hinder row ; these last are rather smaller than those of the middle
row, and form a line very nearly indeed equal to that formed by each of them, and that one of
the middle row on its side ; the interval between those of the middle row a little exceeds a
diameter ; the eyes of the hinder and middle rows thus form very nearly a square whose
interior side is the shortest.
The legs are tolerably long and strong, though rather attenuated at their extremities.
They are of a yellowish, dark red-brown colour ; the femora being much the darkest, and
clothed with grey hairs, not only of a pubescent nature, but also with numerous long, slender,
Prominent ones like those on the legs of Tegenaria and Argyroneta. They are also armed
With strong spines ; the tarsi are furnished underneath with a thin scopula. Their relative
86 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
length is 4, 1, 2, 3, but the difference between those of the first and fourth, and of the second
and third pairs, respectively, is not great.
The palpi are tolerably long and strong, similar to the legs in colour and hairy clothing ;
the humeral joint has three spines of equal length close together in a transverse line on the
upper side at the fore extremity. The radial joint is longer than the cubital, and the digital
joint, which is darker than the rest, slightly exceeds in length the radial joint, whose width
it considerably exceeds at the base, its fore extremity being rather attenuated. The palpal
organs are rather simple, with a prominent subconical hook-pointed process, about the
middle of their outer side.
The falces are long, powerful, straight, perpendicular, of a deep black-brown colour ;
clothed with grey pubescence and long dark bristly hairs.
The maxillce and labium are of normal form, and of a deep blackish red-brown colour ;
the sternum is of the same colour, oval and truncated before ; these parts are furnished with
strong dark bristles.
The abdomen is of moderate size and convexity above ; the upper part and sides are
dark brown, thickly clothed with grey hairs, shewing some curved transverse lines, formed by
these hairs on the hinder half. The whole of the under part, extending also a little way up
the sides, is jet-black.
jjab. — On the road across the Pamir from Sirikol to Panja and back, between April
22nd and May 7th, 1874.
Gemm—TARENTULA, Sund.
108. — Tauentttla ibascibilis, sp. n.
Immature female : length 3J lines.
The cephalo thorax is oval, the caput a little produced and rather strongly constricted
on the lateral margins ; the fore margin is broad and truncated, and the lower part of
the sides rather gibbous ; it is of a yellow colour tinged with orange-brown ; on the upper
part of each side is a broad longitudinal darkish yellow-brown band traversed by stiff
darker converging lines showing the normal indentations; the lateral margins are also maike
with some broken irregular brown spots and markings. The ocular area is blackish-brown,
and the height of the clypeus is nearly about equal to the diameter of one of the fore-
central eyes 5 tlie surface of tlie cephalotliorax is thinly clotiiecl with a gieyish sil y
pubescence. < _ v
The eyes are in the ordinary position, forming an area as long as it is broad, thoug
narrower in front than behind; the eyes of the middle and posterior rows are very large, an
appear to be very nearly, if not quite, equal in size ; the interval between the middle ones
is equal to, or a little more than, a diameter, being less than that between each and that o
the hinder row opposite to it ; the length of the hinder row is greater, though not
much, than that of the middle row, which is also, if anything, a very little longer than
front row ; the eyes of this last are small and equally separated; those of the central pai
being but little larger than the laterals. ,
The leys are tolerably long and strong; their relative length being 4, 1, 2, 3, t ^
are yellow, annulated, though not very distinctly, with broken and angular brown ann
ARANEIEEA.
87
lations ; they arc furnished with hairs and spines, but have no scopula beneath the tarsi and
bietatarsi.
The palpi are similar in colour and markings to the legs.
The maxilla:, labium, and sternum are of ordinary form, and of a yellow-brown colour.
falces are also of a similar, colour, rather long, powerful, and perpendicular, and fur-
bished with a few bristles in front.
The abdomen is a little wider behind than, in front, its colour is yellowish, clothed, but
n°t very densely, with a few greyish, and a few longer, coarser brown hairs ; there is, along
ea°h lateral margin of the upper side, a broad dentated brown band, from the lower side
°f which two or three oblique, but very regular, rows of brown spots traverse the sides ; along
the middle of the fore half is the normal marking of a deep brown colour edged with
black, with a prominent angular point on each side, and truncate at its posterior extremity,
yhich merges in the first of a series of broadish, angular, brown chevrons ; these decrease
ib size as they approach the spinners ; the point of each chevron, which is (as usual) directed
forwards, touching the inside of the angle of the chevron in front of it. The under side is
immaculate.
Sab. — Neighbourhood of Leh, August or September, 1873.
109.— Tarentula inimica, sp. n.
Adult female : length rather more than 6 lines.
The cephalothorax is yellow-brown, with a broad longitudinal band, on each side, of a
darker hue; the whole covered with a short sandy-grey pubescence. The clypeus is low,
bot much exceeding in height the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes. The eyes of this
J’ow are placed on somewhat of a ridge, making this part look prominent when seen in profile.
The facies is low. > _
The eyes occupy an area about equal in length and breadth. The front row is distinctly
shorter than the middle one ; its eyes are very small ; the centrals are but slightly, if at all,
larger than the laterals, and the interval between them is greater than that between each
abd the lateral eye on its side. The eyes of the middle row arc much larger than those of
fhe posterior one, and are separated by slightly over a diameters interval, the hinder row is
considerably longer than the middle one. .
The legs are tolerably strong, but not very long; those of the fourt l pan are le onges ,
|he rest not varying very much ; they are of a yellow-brown colour, and are furnished with
hairs and spines ; the tarsi of the first and second pairs have a very tlnn scopula on their
bbder sides.
The palpi are short, but similar in colour to the legs.
The maxilla and Icimm aye of a rich deep red-brown colour; the former haye then-
extremity, and the latter has its apex, pale yellow. _ . .. ,
The sternum is oval, somewhat truncated at is anterior ex remi y, an simi r m co oui
to the maxilke. . , ,
The abdomen is of a short-oval form considerably convex above; it is of a reddish-brown
colour mottled with much clearer reddish spots; the normal longitudinal macula on the
f°re half of the upper side is large, considerably prominent past the middle on each side
abd truncated at its posterior extremity ; it is of an obscure brown hue, indistinctly margined
88 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
with darker brown ; on the hinder half is a median longitudinal series of strongish, hut not
very conspicuous, yellowish-red, angular bars or chevrons. The under side is dark, of a
rather sooty-brown hue ; the form of the genital aperture is distinct and characteristic ; the
hairy clothing of the abdomen had been entirely denuded.
Sab. — On the road across the Pamir from Sirikol to Panja and back, between April 22nd
and May 7th, 1874.
#
Genus — LYCOSA, Latr. ad partem— LYCOSA, Thor.
110. — Lycosa condolens, sp. n.
Adult male : length 2§ lines.
The general form and appearance of this spider are like those of Lycosa agricola, Thor,
and some other closely-allied European species. The ceplialothorax is deep brown, in some
cases approaching to black, with a narrow median, and, on each side, a submarginal brownish-
yellow stripe ; the median stripe is often very indistinct, and seldom runs (towards the eyes)
beyond the occipital region, certainly not reaching nearly to the ocular area, and the marginal
stripes are irregular, or somewhat dentated, on their edges. These stripes are clothed with
pale hairs. The ocular area is black, and the clypeus, which rather exceeds in height the
diameter of one of the fore-central eyes, is yellow.
The eyes are in the ordinary position ; the foremost row is distinctly shorter than the
middle one, and its eyes are very small ; those of the central pair being scarcely larger than
the laterals, and the interval between them is double that between each and the lateral eye
on its side. The eyes of the middle row are considerably farther apart than a diameter’s
interval, — in fact, nearly equalling two diameters ; being equal to the interval between each
and the lower margin of the clypeus at its nearest point. The hinder row is longer than t,he
middle one, and its eyes are smaller than those of that row.
The legs are long, rather attenuated, furnished with hairs, bristles, and spines ; they are
of a brownish-yellow colour, the femora and tibiae annulated and marked with black-brown
and yellow-brown ; the femora are often more or less completely suffused with black-brown-
This is only, however, the case with some adult males, and is probably owing to their having
been longer in the adult state; the legs of the fourth pair are the longest, and those of the
third pair slightly the shortest.
The palpi are moderately long ; the humeral joint is nearly black, the cubital and radial
joints yellow ; the latter is the longest, and black on the whole (more or less) of the under
side ; the upper side is furnished with white hairs, mostly close to the fore extremity ; the
digital joint is of tolerable size, round, oval, and black behind, pointed and of a paler brown-
ish hue in front. The palpal organs are characteristic in their structure, though they do
not present anything very remarkable in form ; there is, about their middle, a not very
prominent, somewhat crescent-shaped, process, one of whose limbs is truncated, and the
other, the shorter, is blunt-pointed.
The maxillce are dark reddish brown, yellowish at their fore extremities.
The labium is also of a similar colour,-— yellowish at the apex.
The falces are moderately long, not particularly strong, straight, perpendicular, of a
brownish-yellow colour, more or less clouded with deep brown.
The sternum is oval and nearly black.
ABANEIDEA.
89
The abdomen is black-brown on the upper side ; the normal longitudinal marking on
the fore part is of a reddish yellow-brown hue, blunt-pointed at its posterior extremity,
and followed towards the spinners by a series of short, angular bars of the same colour ;
these bars (often broken at the angle) thus consist of two oblique, opposed, oblong-oval
markings, each of which lias a black spot in the middle ; there is also on each side of this
series, towards the margin of the upper side, a longitudinal series of pale spots formed by
small tufts of whitish hair; the sides arc mottled with yellow-brown, and the under side is
yellow-brown marked with a median, and two (lateral) longitudinal dark blackish stripes,
rendered more or less indistinct by the pale (among other) hairs with which the surface of
the abdomen is generally covered-
The female is paler-coloured, and the markings are more distinct than in the male>
preserving, however, the same essential characters. It seems to be an abundant species.
Hab. — Yarkand and neighbourhood, November 1873; Kashghar, December 1873;
between Yangihissar and Sirikol, March 1874 ; Yangihissar, April 1874 ; on the road across
the Pamir, from Sirikol to Panj a and back, between April 22nd and May 7th, 1874; hills
between Sirikol and Aktalla, between 8th and 18th May 1874; road from Ydrkand to Burst,
between May 28th and June 17th, 1874.
111. — Lycosa forttjnata, sp. n.
Adult male : length 3 lines.
This spider is very nearly allied to Lycosa condolens ; but it is rather smaller, and
generally lighter-coloured. The following points of distinction will serve to distinguish it
readily.
The central yellow band on the cephalotliorax is much broader, more distinct, reaches
more nearly to the eyes, behind which it is strongly constricted, being broader and somewhat
radiated at the thoracic junction, immediately behind which it is again constricted ; the lateral
yellow stripes are broken, and scarcely extend more than half way to the fore extremity. The
height of the clypeus is a little greater, and the two central eyes of the front row are larger
m proportion to the laterals.
The legs have the femora and tibiae in general obscurely annulated, but the former are
not black as in L. condolens. The radial joints of the palpi are longer in proportion to the
length of the cubital than in that species, and are a little clouded with brown towards their
fore extremities, which are furnished thickly with long, black, bristly hairs, particularly
underneath and on the inner sides. The fore part of the digital joint is less attenuated, and
]t is clothed thickly with black hairs, and terminates with a strongish curved claw ; the palpal
organs differ also in structure; they are more prominent at their hinder extremity, and the
process corresponding to that described in reference to L. condolens as somewhat “crescent-
shaped” is much larger and more prominent ; its larger limb being strongly curved. The
abdominal markings are very similar, but the usual one on the upper side, at the middle of
the fore part, is distinctly margined with black.
The female resembles the male in colours and markings, but the annulations of the legs
m*e darker and more distinct.
This spider appears to be equally abundant with L. condolens.
Hab. — Neighbourhood of Leh, August and September 1873; Tanktze to Chagra and
£ankong Valley, 15th to 21st September 1873 ; Yarkand and neighbourhood, November 1873 ;
x
90
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Kashghar, December 1873; between Yangihissar and Sirikol, March 1874; Yangihissar,
April 1874 ; on the road across the Pamir from Sirikol to Panja and back, April 22nd to
May 7th, 1874; hills between Sirikol and Aktalla, 8th to 18th May 1874 ; Yarkand. 21st to
27th of May 1874; road from Yarkand to Bursi, May 28tli to June 17th, 1874.
112. Lycosa stellata, sp. n.
Adult female : length from 4 to 5| lines.
The cephalothorax of this distinct spider is of a brown colour, and clothed with a
short sandy-grey pubescence ; there is a large, very distinct, star-shaped or radiate yellow-
ish marking at the. occiput, divided longitudinally by a dusky red-brown line, strongish at
each end, and produced before into an obtuse, somewhat transverse, oblong marking a
little way behind the ocular area, notched at its fore-margin, and often marked with the bifid
continuation of the bisecting line on the stellate portion ; there is also a pale yellowish sub-
marginal, and generally broken, band on each side ; these markings, seen very distinctly on
immature examples, are more or less obscured by the pubescence in adult specimens.
The eyes of the foremost row form a line distinctly shorter than the middle row, and
its central pair are distinctly larger than the laterals, and are divided by an interval larger
than that which separates each from the lateral eye on its side ; the height of the clypeus
very little, if at all, exceeds the diameter of one of the fore-central eyes. The ocular area
appears to be broader behind than it is long, and the eyes of the middle row are considerably
larger than those of the hinder one, forming a line nearly about equal to that formed by the
laterals of these rows.
The legs are rather long, tolerably strong, of a yellowish hue, and pretty distinctly
annulated with dark brown ; they are furnished with hairs and spines, and the colour and
markings are liable (in adults) to be obscured more or less by a rather dense, short, sandy-
grey pubescence ; their relative length is 4, I, 2, 3.
The palpi are similar in colour and armature to the legs.
The falces are long, strong, straight, and perpendicular : they are of a reddish-yellow-
brown colour — red-brown at the base and extremities in front, and furnished with numerous
long, prominent bristles.
The maxillae are yellow-brown, and the labium deep brown with a pale-yellowish apex.
The sternum is deep brown, clothed with grey pubescence.
The abdomen is of a blackish-brown colour on the upper side. The normal longi-
tudinal marking on the fore half is indicated by broken, surrounding, submarginal, reddish-
yellow markings, and its posterior extremity is truncated : following it is a series of opposed,
oblique, yellowish markings, these being the broken portions of the normal angular bars, which
are, however, sometimes perfect ; and each bar contains a black spot : outside these angular
bars is, on each side, a longitudinal row of yellowish spots. The sides are brownish-yellov ,
spotted and marked with black-brown ; and the under side is also brownish-yellow, withou
any markings. The genital aperture is of a characteristic form, and its colour is red-brown.
The male resembles the female in colours and markings, but is rather smaller.
Sab. — Ydrkand and neighbourhood, November 1873 ; Kashghar, December 1873 ; Yangi-
hissar, April 1874; on road across the Pamir from Sirikol to Panja and back, April 22nd to
May 7th, 1874 ; hills between Sirikol and Aktalla, 8th to 13th of May 187 4 ; Yarkand, 2 s
to 27th May 1874 ; Yarkand to Bursi, May 28th to June 17th, 1874.
ARANEIDEA.
91
From the localities recorded, this spider, though perhaps less numerous, appears to he
distributed nearly equally with the two foregoing species, and all three are probably found
together. The present species is very nearly allied to L. injucunda, Cambr., found in Egypt,
hut quite distinct.
113. Lycosa ckedtjla, sp. n.
Adult female : length nearly 2f lines.
This spider is very nearly allied to Lycosa nigriceps, Thor., which it resembles closely in
form and general appearance, but may be distinguished by the absence of any constriction of
the median, longitudinal yellow band on the cephalothorax, and by the normal longitudinal
marking on the fore half of the abdomen being sharp-pointed instead of truncated at the
posterior extremity.
The cephalothorax is of a bright yellow colour, somewhat obscured by a greyish
pubescence, which probably soon becomes more or less denuded ; the sides are narrowly edged
with black, a very little way above which edging is a narrow, dark, yellow-brown, sub-
marginal stripe, with a broad lateral hand of the same colour along the upper part of each
side, leaving a median, longitudinal yellow hand of equal width throughout, and scarcely
wider than the lateral bands of the same hue. The ocular area is black.
The eyes are in the usual position ; the front row is distinctly shorter than the middle
one, and its two central eyes are placed on a small prominence ; these two are larger than the
laterals of the same row, and the interval between them is greater than that between each
and the lateral on its side ; the eyes of the middle row are much the largest, and form a line
shorter than those of the third row, though this latter is not so long, proportionately, as in
some other groups of Lycosa. The four eyes of the middle and hinder rows form a square
whose posterior side is longer than the rest. The height of the clypeus is more than double
the diameter of one of the fore central eyes.
The legs are moderately long, and rather slender ; they are of a yellow colour, indistinctly
marked and annulated on the femora with yellowish-brown, and are clothed with hairs, spines,
and grey pubescence. Their relative length is 4, 1, 2, 3.
The palpi are yellow, marked with brown.
The falces are rather long, slender, straight, and directed backwards ; their colour is
yellow, slightly marked longitudinally with brown.
The maxillae and labium are yellowish, tinged with brown.
The sternum is oval, rounded before, and pointed behind ; its colour is black-brown,
irregularly margined with yellow, and a median longitudinal stripe of the same colour extends
from the fore extremity rather more than half-way to the hinder one.
The abdomen is dark-brown above, spotted minutely and striated with yellow ; a tapering
dentated yellowish median hand runs throughout the upper side to the spinners; the fore part
°f this hand contains the normal marking, distinctly defined by a dark-brown line, and sharp-
pointed at its hinder extremity ; in the hinder half of the dentated band may be indistinctly
traced the usual series of angular bars or chevrons, each of which is charged with two small
brown spots in a transverse line. The sides of the abdomen are irregularly striated with dark-
brown on a yellow ground, and the under side is paler, with still fewer browrn markings.
The genital aperture is not large, hut is, as usual, of characteristic form.
x 1
92
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Sab. — Hills between Sirikol and Aktalla, 8tk to 13th of May 1874; road from Yarkand
to Bursi, May 28th to June 17th, 1874.
114. Lycosa Vindex, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2-§- lines.
This spider is very closely allied to Lycosa credula, but it is of a shorter, stouter form,
and the colours are of a generally duller hue. The median longitudinal yellow band on the
cephalothorax is broader, distinctly constricted at the occiput, and enlarged at the thoracic
indentation. The ocular area is black, with a geminated reddish-yellow spot between the
eyes of the hinder row ; the lateral brown bands are more distinctly traversed by darker lines
radiating towards the thoracic indentation. The clypeus is lower, not exceeding in height
two fore central eyes’ diameter; the legs are entirely annulated (though not very distinctly
excepting the tarsi), and they are also longer than those of L. credula.
The sternum, is very similar in its markings ; but the normal marking on the fore half of
the upper side of the abdomen is less distinctly marked, and is blunt-pointed at its hinder
extremity ; the usual angular bars which succeed it are longer, and, with the marking on the
fore part, are of a reddish yellow-brown hue ; this is also the prevailing tint of the upper side,
of which the rest is marked and striated with dark-brown ; the under side is of a dull-
yellowish hue, without any markings ; and the genital aperture is of a distinct and charac-
teristic form.
Sab. — Yarkand, November 1873.
115. Lycosa Vindicata, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2 lines.
This spider is exceedingly closely allied to L. vindex, but I am induced to record it as a
distinct species, not only on account of its smaller size, but because the median longitudinal
yellowish band on the cephalothorax is narrower, and has no constriction at the occiput, nor
any lateral enlargement at the thoracic indentation ; the submarginal lateral brown stripe is
also more distinct and continuous, and the genital aperture differs a little in its form. I®
most other respects it resembles L. vindex, though the legs are more distinctly annulated-
Its smaller size, shorter, stouter form, and reddish-brown hue of the paler markings on the
abdomen, as well as the far more distinctly and completely annulated legs, and lower clypeus
distinguish it readily from X. credula.
Sab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1873, and between Y&ngihissar and Sirikol,
March 1874.
116. Lycosa passibilis, sp. n.
Adult male : slightly over 3 lines.
The cephalothorax is of a deep brown colour, with a broadish longitudinal median band,
and two lateral, narrower, sub-marginal ones slightly paler, and clothed with greyish hairs,
with which, indeed, the rest of the cephalothorax is, though more thinly, covered.
ARANEIDEA.
93
The eyes occupy an area longer than broad ; the front row is shorter than the middle
one, and its two central eyes are placed on a slight prominence, and are larger than the lateral
ones ; the four being very nearly, if not quite, equally separated from each other, and the
height of the clypeus is greater than the diameter of one of the fore central eyes, but not as
much as two diameters. The eyes of the middle row are much larger than those of the hinder
one, and, with them, form a square whose posterior side is the shortest.
The legs are long, attenuated at the extremities, of a deep reddish-brown colour, fur-
nished with hairs and spines, and clothed with greyish pubescence.
The palpi are rather long and strong, and similar in colour to the legs ; the radial and
cubital joints are of equal length; the digital joint is of tolerable size, and nearly equal in
length to the radial and cubital joints together ; it is oval behind and x*ather attenuate before.
The palpal organs are not very complex, but from the middle there projects a short but pro-
minent process with three prominent divergent points, the middle one being the longest and
strongest. Like the legs, the palpi are covered more or less with greyish hairs.
Th efalces are moderately long, but not very strong, slightly divergent and directed
backwards : their colour is deep rich reddish black-brown, with a reddish-yellow broad longi-
tudinal stripe on the inner side at the fore extremity.
The maxillce are reddish-brown, pale-yellowish at the extremities and on the inner side.
The labium is similar to the maxillae in colour, with a pale-yellowish apex.
The sternum is oval and of a deep shining reddish-brown colour.
The abdomen is of a blackish-brown hue, with the normal longitudinal marking on the
fore half of the upper side, and a series of succeeding angular bars of an obscure brownish
red; the whole is thickly clothed (especially along the median portion of the upper side) with
greyish hairs, forming there a broad, longitudinal grey band, emitting some short lateral pro-
minent lines on each side of the hinder part.
Rub. — Hills between Sirikol and Aktalla, between the 8th and ISth of May 1874.
117. Lycosa flavida, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2| lines.
The cephalothorax is of a pale-yellow colour, with two broad, longitudinal, lateral yel-
low-brown bands reaching from the fore to the hinder margin, and thinly clothed with greyish
hairs ; the height of the clypeus is no more than equal to the diameter of one of the fore
central eyes.
The eyes arc in the ordinary position, on large black spots ; the whole of the fore part
however, of the ocular area is more or less black. The front row is shorter than the middle
°ne ; its two central eyes are larger than the laterals, and the interval between them is greater
than that between each and the lateral eyes next to it. The eyes of the middle row are very
large, and separated from each other by no more than one d iameter ; this interval being but
little less than that which separates each from the posterior eye opposite to it ; the four
hinder eyes form a square whose posterior side is longest and anterior one slightly the shortest.
The legs are moderately long and not very strong; their relative length is 4, 1, 2, 3, and
they are of a pale yellow colour, rather paler than the cephalothorax, armed with spines and
furnished thinly writh hairs.
94
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The palpi are moderately long, and similar to the legs in colour, deepening to a brownish
hue on the last two joints.
Th efalces are moderate in length and strength, slightly divergent, perpendicular, of a
yellow-brown colour, and clothed with bristly hairs.
The maxillae and labium are of a paler hue than the falces, and the sternum is heart-
shaped and similar in colour to the legs.
The abdomen is of a rather shortish oval form. On the upper side is a broad, longitudi-
nal, pale-yellow band sharply dentated on its hinder half ; the fore part of this band contains
the normal longitudinal marking, of a slightly clearer colour, and faintly defined hv a broken,
brownish, indistinct line, and its hinder extremity is truncated. Some other indistinct, fine,
brown, broken, angular lines on the hinder part, indicate the ordinary chevrons. On each
side of the median dentated band, and, in fact, defining it, is a broad brown band diffused in
scattered spots a little over the sides ; the under side is immaculate. The genital aperture is
small, but of a characteristic form.
An immature male exactly resembled the female.
Hob. — Yarkand and neighbourhood, November 1873; Kashghar, December 1873;
between Yangiliissar and Sirikol, March 1874; Yangihissar, April 1874 ; road from Yarkand
to Bursi, May 28th to June 17th, 1874.
BOEBE , Genus Nov.
I am induced to form this new genus for the reception of four remarkable Lycosids , one
received from Sinai, and described (P. Z. S., 1870, p. 822, pi. 1., fig. 3) as a Lycosa
(L. praelongipes, Cambr.), another from the present collection, a third, L. ungulata, Camhr.
Spiders of Egypt, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 603, and a fourth, L. arenaria, Sav., Egypt. These
(or at least three of them, for L. arenaria , Sav. is unknown to me, except from Audouin’s
figure and description, which do not detail the special points under consideration, though I
have but little doubt of its possessing them), though exactly agreeing in several peculiar
points of structure, are quite distinct species. The points in which they differ from Lycosa,
Trochosa, and Tarentula may be seen from the following diagnosis of generic characters.
Cephalothorax oval, truncate before, and strongly constricted on the lateral margins of the
caput ; the normal indentations, especially the one dividing the caput from the thorax, are
strong, and the upper side of the thorax on each side of the normal longitudinal indentation
is gibbous, so that there is, when the spider is looked at in profile, a strong angular depression
between the caput and thorax, the lateral thoracic margins being much depressed.
The eyes, as regards their general position, are like those of Lycosa , &c., but those of the
second row have their vertical axes directed very nearly straight forwards, that is to say,
scarcely at all upwards, though a little outwards ; in this respect there is a marked approach
to Linopis, the facies being very vertical.
The legs are long and attenuated, especially those of the fourth pair. Two parallel rows
of spines run throughout the under side of the tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi ; at the fore end of
each tarsus there is the appearance of a kind of short obsolete, or fixed, joint. It has
apparently no movable articulation, but there is both a visible constriction and a kind of
suture as though of a joint either consolidated by disuse, or in process of development towards
a perfect supernumerary joint such as we find in Hersilia. The superior terminal claws are
ABANEIDEA.
95
unusually long, slightly curved, and have four or five denticulations at their posterior
extremity.
The maxilla are not very long, but rather enlarged at their extremities, where they are
rounded ; and, instead of forming a straight line with the labium, they are turned distinctly
sideways, thus in another point resembling Dinopis.
The labium is short, broad, and truncated in a slightly curved convex line at the apex.
The palpi of the female are truncated at the extremity, and the terminal claw, which is
nearly straight and finely pectinated, issues from the middle of the truncation.
118. Boebe benevola, sp. n.
Adult female : length 4-|- lines.
The cephalothorax is clothed with short, sandy-grey pubescence, and is of a yellow-
brown colour, with a broad yellow longitudinal median band, strongly constricted at the
occiput, and enlarged at the thoracic indentation, the portion in front of the constriction
forming a very distinct, transverse, oblong-oval area. There is also a broken, narrow, sub-
marginal yellowish band on each side. The height of the clvpeus is equal to twice the
diameter of one of the fore central eyes, and the colour of the ocular area- is black.
The eyes of the front row form a straight line shorter than that of the middle row ; the
central pair of the front row are larger than the laterals, and are separated by an interval
wider than that which divides each ftom the lateral eye on its side ; those of the middle row
are very large, and are separated by nearly about one and a half diameter’s interval, forming
a line not far from equal to that formed by each and the posterior eye opposite to it ; the
eyes of the hinder row are large, but smaller than those of the middle one, and form a much
longer line.
The legs of the fourth pair are considerably the longest ; and those of the second pair
apparently the shortest; while there is not so much difference between those of the first and
third pairs, the first being the longer of the two. They are yellow in colour ; the femora
marked distinctly with brown spots, patches, and some other linear markings of the same
hue ; the spines beneath the tarsi are numerous, of equal length, much shorter than those
on the other joints, and give the joint a comb-like appearance.
The palpi are like the legs in colours, and in the markings on the humeral joints, and
are furnished with hairs and a few spine-like bristles.
The falces are powerful, of moderate length, rounded in profile, clothed with sandy-grey
hairs and long bristles, and of a dark reddish yellow-brown colour.
The maxilla are yellow, strongly tinged with yellow-brown, particularly on their inner
sides, and pale yellowish at their inner extremities.
The labium is dark yellowish -brown with a pale apex.
The sternum is of a short heart-shape and dark yellow-brown colour, thinly clothed with
sandy- grey pubescence.
The abdomen is oval and moderately convex above ; its colour is a dull brownish-yellow,
marked with dark brown, occasionally approaching to black ; the intersecting portions of the
yellow ground-colour are spotted more or less with cretaceous-white spots. The normal
longitudinal median marking (of a deep brown colour) on the fore half of the upper side is
large, somewhat wedge-shaped, and roughly dentated on its margins, and its posterior extre-
96
SECOND T AllK AND MISSION.
mity is prolonged into a more or less distinct median line to the spinners, and gives off on
eacli side various oblique lines and markings, forming some tolerably distinct, angular, yellow
bars of different sizes, and some of which have a dark-brown spot at tlieir extremities. There
is a tolerably clear, marginal yellow space round the normal marking on the fore half. The
under side is almost all occupied by a broad longitudinal light-brown band.
The genital aperture is small, but of characteristic form. The spinners are very short,
but those of the superior pair are stronger and rather longer than those of the inferior. An
immature male resembled the female in colours and markings.
JELab. — Yarkand and neighbourhood, November 1873; Kashghar, December 1873;
between Yangihissar and Sirikol, March 1871 ; Yangihissar, April 1874 ; Yarkand, 21st to
27th May 1874, and Yarkand to Bursi, May 28th to June 17th, 1874.
Fami ly - &I> II ASIDES.
Genus — OXTOPESy Latr.
119. OxYOPES JUBILANS, Sp. n.
Adult male : length rather more than 3 £ lines.
This spider is nearly allied to Oxyopes (Sphasus) lepidus, Blackw., of which the female
only has yet been described ; the latter differs, however, from the female of the present spe-
cies in being of a more robust form and in having shorter legs, as well as in the abdominal
markings.
The general form and appearance are similar to those of most others of the genus ; the
cephalotliorax is of a brownish-yellow colour, and the normal indentations are distinctly
marked. The ocular area, and the middle of the clypcus are clothed with grey hairs ; a fine
brown line runs obliquely along t. e margins of the upper side, and so downward to the
lower corners of the clypeus ; two others run, one from each of the two foremost eyes, nearly
perpendicularly to the falces (to the extremity of which they are continued), bisecting them
in front. There are also two parallel brown lines along the middle of the cephalotliorax, not
reaching further forward than the occiput, and less distinct in the male than in the female ;
the eyes are on black spots and in the usual position, six posterior ones forming a transverse
hexagonal figure whose sides scarcely differ in length; they may be also taken as in four
transverse rows of two each. Those of the foremost row are very minute and separated from
those of the next row by an eye’s diameter. Those of the second row are the largest of the
eight or nearly so, and are separated by an interval of one diameter, both from each other,
and from the eyes of the third row ; this row is considerably the longest, and the fourth row
is slightly longer than the second, its eyes being rather further from each other than each is
from the lateral of the third row on its side.
The logs are long and slender, their relative length seems to be 4, 1, 2, 3; they are of a
yellow colour, and are armed with numerous long spines. The femora of the first and second
pairs have longitudinal brown lines on the under side, a faint trace of two only of these
existing on the femora of the third and fourth pairs.
The palpi are short, similar in colour to the legs ; the cubital joint is very short with
but a very slight angular prominence at its fore extremity on the upper side ; the radial joint
is much stronger than the cubital ; it is strongly tinged with yellow-brown, much enlarge
ARANEIDEA.
97
In a blunt angular form on the outer side, with a short red-brown irregular projection rather
underneath ; the digital joint is round-oval, brownish-coloured behind, and of a narrow,
slightly tapering, pointed, beak-like form in front ; the beak portion is yellowish, and less in
length than the oval part ; this pai't has a small angular prominence at its base on the outer
side. The palpal organs are prominent and rather complex, but do not present any remark-
able processes. The radial and cubital joints are furnished with several long, curved, spine-
like bristles.
The falces are not very long nor strong ; they are of a subconical form, straight, per
pendicular, similar in colour to the cephalothorax, and bisected in front by a longitudinal
brown line.
The maxilla and labium are of normal form, the colour of the former is yellow, and of
the latter yellow-brown.
The abdomen is long and narrow, being of an elongate, tapering, or pyramidal form ;
the fore part is the largest, and it gradually narrows to the spinners : it is of a yellowish hue,
somewhat freckled with white cretaceous spots of small size ; the upper side is margined on
each side with a double longitudinal brown line, and a faint, narrow, tapering, dusky band
along the middle ; on the under side is a broadisli, tapering, dusky, longitudinal band, mar-
gined with reddish-brown.
The female is more distinctly marked than the male, and the process connected with
the genital aperture is blackish and prominent. The colours of this spider, as above described
from examples for several years immersed in spirits, cannot be considered altogether reliable,
inasmuch as the yellow tints may have possibly been more or less green when the spider was
living.
Sab. — Tinali; route from Murree to Sind Yalley, July 19th, 1873.
I come to the conclusion that this is the locality, because Dr. Stoliczka, in his diary of
July 19th, 1873, mentions having found that evening a good number of spiders, “ chiefly
Thomisus and Sphasus ** (=Oxyopcs), and in the one unlabelled bottle I find the only ex-
amples of Sphasus contained in the whole collection. These are of three species, the present
and the next one very nearly allied to each other, the third quite distinct both in form and
markings ; all three are, I believe, of undescribed species, though Dr. Stoliczka says of those
he found “ among the latter (Sphasus) ” he recognized Sphasus viridanus. This is a Calcutta
species described by Dr. Stoliczka in Journ. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, vol. xxxviii, p. 220, pi. xx,
fig. 1, and is undoubtedly a species of Pasithea, Bl. (Peucetia, Thor.), which, though
generically nearly allied to Sphasus, is yet easily recognized by the difference in the position
of the eyes.
120. OxYOPES PRiEDICTA, Sp. n.
Adult male : length 4 lines.
This spider is very closely allied to Oxyopes jubilans ; it is, however, rather larger, and
tliis, I think, may probably prove to be a constant character. In general colouring, form, and
appearance, the two species are strikingly similar, but the following distinctions will serve
to separate them without difficulty.
The cephalothorax has no lateral brown lines running to the fore corners of the clypeus,
and the two parallel median ones are here replaced by a not very distinct, median, longi-
tudinal rusty-reddish band, which runs quite to the hinder row of eyes.
98
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The palpi present an easily observed difference from those of Oxyopes jubilans both in
the radial and digital joints. The former is not enlarged on the outer side, but is, on the con-
trary, rather excavated there, with a somewhat corneous, red-brown ridge just behind the
excavated part : the radial joint is also somew'hat angularly prominent underneath towards
the inner side. The digital joint has its sliort-oval, posterior portion of a darker hue, and
more angularly prominent at its base on the outer side. The anterior, or beak-like, portion is
also distinctly longer than the oval part, and terminates in a sharpish and somewhat corneous
point.
The legs have the femoral joints of the third and fourth pairs as distinctly marked with
one (if not two) longitudinal blackish -brown lines as the whole of the first and second pairs.
The abdomen has on the upper side a longitudinal, median, tapering, rusty-reddish band,
at the fore part of which the normal elongate marking, of a somewhat spear-headed form
and yellow colour, is visible.
Sab. — Found at the same time and in the same locality as 0. jubilans. Tinali ; route
from Murree to Sind Valley, July 19th, 1873.
121. Oxyopes kejecta, sp. n.
Adult female: length rather less than 3§ lines.
This spider is nearly allied to Oxyopes ( Sphasus ) gentilis, C. L. Koch. It may easily
be distinguished from the two foregoing species by its shorter legs, as well as by its shorter,
stouter form, and by the short cephalothorax, which has the sides and hinder slope very steep,
and the normal indentations very slightly marked, so that the divisional line between the
thorax and caput is scarcely visible. The colour of the cephalothorax is brownish-yellow,
paler in the ocular area and at the occiput ; it is indistinctly marked in the median longitu-
dinal line, as well as on the sides, with blackish-brown ; there are also two slightly curved
lines, of the same colour, running down from the two foremost eyes over to the middle of
each of the falces, and continued over them in a slightly sinuous form, but stopping some-
what considerably short of their extremity.
The eyes arc on conspicuous black blotches, those of the third row are considerably nearer
to those of the second than to those of the fourth (or posterior) row. The length of the two
last (2nd and 4th) rows are exactly equal, though, owing to the difference in the size of the
eyes, the interval between those of each row is different. The height of the clypeus is rather
less than half that of the facial space.
The legs are rather short, and their relative length is 4, 1, 2, 3. They are armed with
long spines, and their colour is yellow, the femora being marked underneath with two long1'
tudinal parallel, blackish-brown lines.
The palpi are similar to the legs in colour, rather long, slender, and armed with a few
strong spine-like bristles.
The f aloes are not very long nor strong; they are of a subconical form, straight, and
perpendicular; their length is less than the height of the facial space, and their colour is like
that of the cephalothorax, with a longitudinal blackish-brown line from the base to two-thir
of the distance towards their extremity.
The maxillce and labium arc of normal form, and of a light brownish -yellow hue.
ARANEIDEA.
99
The abdomen is oval, pointed behind ; on the upper side is a broad, longitudinal central
slightly tapering yellowish hand, spotted with small cretaceous-wliite spots, and showing the
normal marking on the fore part of a clearer, though slightly brown, colour, and of an
elongate diamond-shape; the marginal portions of the upper part are marked with blackish -
brown oblique linear markings, which extend more or less over the sides. These parts, as well
as the under side, are similar in colour to the middle of the upper side ; the under side
having a broad, well-defined, longitudinal, median, black-brown hand, marked along the middle
with pale yellowish. The genital aperture is small but of characteristic form.
Rab. — Found at the same time and place as the two foregoing species. Tinali ; route
from Murree to Sind Valley, July 19th, 1873.
Family — SA L TICIDES.
Genus— HELI0PHANU8, C. L. Koch.
122. Heliophantjs dubius.
lleliophanus duhius, E. Simon, Arachnides de France, tom. iii, p. 146, pi. x., fig. 4.
I have not been able yet to compare this spider ( d adult) with a type of R. dubim,
Sim., but I believe it to be identical with that species, as it agrees well with the figures and
description given l. c.
Rab. — Hills between Sirikol and Aktalla, 8th to 18th May 1874.
Genus— PLEXIPPUS, C. L. Koch.
123. Plexipptjs adansonii. ,
Attus addansonii, Sav., Egypte, p. 169, pi. 7, fig. 8.
Rab. — Both sexes of this spider, differing in no respect from examples found in Egypt,
and received from Bombay, were contained in the portion of the collection without date or
locality hut probably (as before observed) made between Murree and Sind Valley about the
end of July’1873.
Genus —MENEMERUS, E. Simon.
124. Menemeres cinctijs, sp. n.
Adult male : length rather over 2-| lines.
The ceplialothorax is of a flattened form with a strong transverse depression indicating
the junction of the caput and thorax. The upper area of the caput is black, the rest of the
ceplialothorax is dark yellowish-brown, paler towards the margins.
It is clothed with hairs mostly of a golden hue, a longitudinal median stripe and a
marginal one on each side being furnished with white hairs ; the marginal stripe is formed of
two narrow parallel ones. There are also some prominent bristly hairs on the cephalotho-
rax, strongest on the sides of the ocular area, below which three of them form a longitu-
dinal line.
100
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The eyes form an area broader than long ; those of the anterior row are separated from
each other by a small and equal interval, and those of the middle row appear to he as nearly
as possible half-way between the first and third rows, and slightly within the straight fine
formed on each side by the laterals of those rows, of which the first is shorter than the
third.
The legs are moderately strong and not very long, those of the first pair are the longest,
considerably the strongest, and of a dark yellow-brown colour, the femora being the lightest
in hue ; the rest are yellow, tinged with brown, and all are furnished with hairs and long pro-
minent bristles, bat no spines except some short ones beneath the tibiae and metatarsi of the
first pair : there is a compact claw-tuft beneath the terminal tarsal claws. The third pair
appear to be slightly the shortest.
The palpi are short, of a yellow-brown colour, and furnished with hairs and bristles ; the
cubital joint is short and strong, the radial is shorter and less strong, but is considerably
produced on its outer side, the produced portion ending in a tapering, pointed, slightly blunt
apophysis. The digital joint is long, of a slightly bent oblong-oval form. The palpal
organs have a large, nearly globular lobe at their base, extending beneath and rather on the
inner side of the radial and cubital joints.
Th e/alces are short, strong, straight, projecting strongly forward, and but very slightly
divergent ; their anterior extremity is as broad almost as the posterior, truncated, and with a
strongish tooth at the inner corner ; their colour is dark yellow-brown tinged with red.
Ihe maxilla} are short, strong, broadest, and rounded at their extremities, and inclined
towards the labium, which is of a somewhat oblong-oval form; these parts are of a
deep yellow-brown hue, the extremities of the former, and the apex of the latter being of a
paler colour.
The sternum is oval and of a palish yellow-brown colour.
The abdomen is oval and of a somewhat flattish form ; it is banded transversely on the
upper part and sides with alternate broad whitish and dark-brown bands, the first band
encircling the fore margin, is white, and the second and third are divided in the middle by a
narrow brown patch ; the brown bands are considerably the broadest, and all become more or less
tapering when they reach the sides : the surface is clothed with hairs ; a broad longitudinal
median band, and a lateral one on each side, are formed by hairs of a rusty scarlet hue, those
on the intermediate spaces being whitish grey ; on the hinder half of the upper side is a
longitudinal, median series of whitish, angular bars, of course visible only when they occur
upon the brown transverse bands, the under side is dull whitish, with a broad median
longitudinal tapering yellowish-brown band.
Sab. — Y&rkand, May 1874.
125. Menemertts incertus, sp. n.
Adult female: length 2f lines.
The ceplialothorax of this spider is short, of a rather flattened form, and the profile of
the ocular area slopes, but very slightly, downwards ; this part is of a brownish black hue, the
rest of the ceplialothorax being brownish-yellow, and the whole clothed with appressed grey
hairs ; some erect bristly ones being dispersed thinly over the surface. The margins are
black.
ARANEIDEA.
101
The eyes of the anterior row are separated from each other by distinct intervals, that
between the centrals being less than that between each and the fore lateral next to it; the
posterior row is a little longer than the anterior one. A single row of strong bristles runs
longitudinally just below the lateral eyes of the three rows, and the eyes of the middle row
are nearer to the anterior than to the posterior row.
The legs are short, those of the fourth pair are the longest but less strong than those of
the first pair, and those of the second pair appear to be a little the shortest : they are furnish-
ed with hairs, bristles, and a few spines, with a small claw-tuft beneath the terminal tarsal
claws. The colour of the legs is yellow.
The palpi are similar to the legs in colour, short, slender, and furnished with white hairs.
Th e falces are short, not very strong, straight, projecting, and of a yellow-brown colour.
The maxillce and labium are lighter-coloured than the falces.
The sternum is small, oblong-oval, and similar to the legs in colour.
The abdomen is of a rather elongate oval form, and of a dull yellow colour, somewhat
clouded with reddish yellow-brown on the upper side, and clothed with fine yellowish and
grey hairs, with a few dark, slender bristly ones intermixed ; on the fore part is a brown
marking consisting of two short parallel lines looped in front, and near the hinder extremity
are three confluent bright red-brown patches. The genital aperture is of a distinctive form.
It is possible that tins may be the female of Menemerus cinctus, but, as the colours and
pattern of that species are different, it is best to describe it at present as distinct, until we
have other evidence of their identity ; dissimilarity of colours and pattern, as well as of struc-
ture, are often found in the sexes of spiders, though pr'rnd facie such dissimilarity is proof of
specific difference.
JELab. — Yarkand, end of May 1874.
126. Menemerus deletus, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2J lines.
The form of the cephalothorax is flattish ; it is of a deep yellow-brown colour, darkest on
the caput, with an indistinct, ill-defined, brownish-yellow, marginal border, and a still less
distinct, longitudinal, median stripe on the thorax. The caput and sides of the cephalothorax
are clothed with light-grey hairs ; those on the other parts had probably been rubbed off.
The ocular area is broader than long; the length of the anterior row of eyes is slightly
shorter than that of the posterior one, and the eyes of the middle row are almost exactly in-
termediate between them. The fore central eyes are of a dull mother-of-pearl colour.
The legs are moderately long and strong ; those of the first pair are the strongest, but
not quite so long as the fourth pair, and the second pair are slightly the shortest. They are
of a yellow colour, those of the first pair light yellow-brown, and with some short, stron»
spines in pairs beneath the tibiae and metatarsi ; beneath the terminal tarsal claws is a black
claw-tuft.
The palpi are slender, not very long, and clothed with white hairs.
Th q falces are yellow-brown, the maxillce and labium a little paler, and the sternum
darker ; the last clothed with coarse, whitish hairs.
The abdomen is oval, truncate before, pointed behind, and of a pale-yellow colour
mottled thickly with whitish cretaceous spots ; on the fore part of the upper side is a small,
102
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
median, longitudinal, dull yellowisli-brown, somewhat arrow-headed marking, continued in an
attenuated line of the same colour to the spinners ; a little way from this, on each side, is an
indistinct, longitudinal broad band clothed with coppery- red-hairs ; the spinners are moder-
ately long and strong, and of a pale yellow-brown colour. The form of the genital aperture
is characteristic.
ILab. — Route from Yarkand to Bursi, May 28th to June 17th, 1874.
127. Menemerus erigidtjs, sp. n.
Adult female : length 2\ miles.
The cephalothorax is short, though distinctly longer than broad, and of the usual flatfish
form ; the upper side is dark- brown, tinged with yellowish, the caput being the darkest, and
there is a larger longitudinal patcli of brownish-yellow on the middle ; the sides are yellow,
with a narrow white marginal border; the whole is thinly clothed with sandy-grey and
whitish hairs.
The eyes of the posterior row form a line scarcely, if at all, longer than the anterior row,
and the middle row is nearer to the anterior than to the posterior one. Those of the anterior
row are of a dull mother-of-pearl colour, and are divided by distinct intervals ; that which
separates the central pair is less than that wdiich divides each from the lateral eye next to it.
The legs are rather short, and not very strong ; those of the first pair are a little stronger
but distinctly shorter than the fourth pair, if, indeed, they be not also slightly shorter than
the third, the second pair being the shortest ; they are of a brownish-yellow colour, and are
armed with a few spines, as well as with bristles and hairs.
The palpi are short, slender, yellow', and clothed w'ith whitish hairs.
Tli efalces are short, straight, projecting, and of a yellow-brown colour.
The maxilla: and labium are rather paler than the falces, and the sternum is similar to
the legs in colour.
The abdomen is oval, and of a dull yellowish hue, marked irregularly with brown along the
sides of the upper part, and with a longitudinal brown stripe along the middle of the fore
part ; this stripe is bifid at its hinder extremity, and followed by a series of brown, sharply-
angular bars, some of which run into the brown markings on the sides. The form of the
genital aperture is characteristic-
Hub. — Murree, June lltli to July 14tli, 1873.
Genus — ATTU8, E. Simon.
128. Attus devotus, sp. n.
Adult female : length If lines.
The ceplialotliorax is of a slightly flattened form ; the hinder slope is short, and at about
an angle of 45°; the forward slope of the caput being slight, and but very little convex ;
its colour is yellow-brown, darkest on the upper part of the caput, and it is clothed with
yellowish and grey hairs intermixed; the lateral margins are black, immediately above
which is a not very broad band of white hairs, and a similar band or stripe runs along the
middle of the hinder slope to the occiput. The clypeus is very low and retreating.
ARANEIDEA.
103
The eyes form an area broader than long ; those of the anterior row (which is of equal
length with the posterior one) are very near to each other, if not quite contiguous. The
fore centrals are of very large size and of a yellowish-brown mother-of-pearl hue ; those of
the middle row are equi-distant between the anterior and posterior lateral eyes.
The legs are neither very long nor strong ; their relative length appears to be 4, 1, 3, 2 ;
those of the first pair are the strongest, and those of the fourth pair are the most attenuated ;
their colour is yellow, and they are furnished with hairs and spines, the latter on the tibiae
and metatarsi, but only underneath these in the first and second pairs ; beneath the terminal
tarsal claws is a compact, blackish claw-tuft.
The palpi are moderately long, hairy, and yellow, the digital joint tinged with yellow-
brown.
Th ef aloes are short, strongish, straight, directed forwards, though placed rather far
back, and of a dark yellow-brown colour.
The maxilla and labium are yellow-brown; the sternum being of a dark brownish-
yellow, and of a rather elongate-oval form.
The abdomen is oval, truncated before and rounded behind, and projects over the hinder
slope of the eephalothorax ; it is clothed with grey, brassy-yellowish, and white hairs. The
upper side is of a dull yellowish-brown colour, with an elongate, whitish marking along the
middle of the fore part, followed by some not very distinctly defined, small, angular bars, on
each side of which (as well as of the elongate marking) is a series of short transverse whitish
markings, giving an appearance, when taken in connection with the markings along the
middle, of irregular transverse stripes across the upper side ; the sides and under side are
dull yellowish, the upper part of the former slightly marked with faint brownish spots and
markings, and the latter clothed with short, greyish hairs.
Rab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1873.
129. Attus beneficus, sp. n.
Adult female : length nearly 2| lines.
Ceplialothcrax short and broad, the hinder slope steep, at an angle of 45°; the ocular
area slopes a little forwards in a convex line and there is a distinct, though not unusually
strong, transverse depression at the occiput. The clypeus is very low, being almost obsolete.
The upper part, with a portion of the sides, is black-brown, the ocular area quite black,
yith an oblong yellow stripe on the upper part of the hinder slope ; the remainder of the sides
1S yellow, clothed with fine, white hairs.
The eyes form an area much broader than long ; the posterior and anterior rows are equal
>u length ; the fore centrals are very large and ef a mother-of-pearl hue ; they are separated
V a small interval, less than that which divides each from the fore lateral on its side; the
lateral eye, on each side, of the middle row is equi-distant from the laterals of the posterior
aud anterior rows.
The legs are short and strong ; their relative length is apparently 4, 1, 2, 3, but the
difference between 4 and 1, and 2 and 3 respectively, is very slight. Their colour is yellow,
those of the first pair being clouded in parts wilh brown; the tibiae and metatarsi of the
third and fourth pairs, and the under sides of those of the first and second pairs, are armed
Wlth spines, and there is a compact claw-tuft beneath the terminal claws of each tarsus.
104
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The palpi are short, yellow, and furnished with coarse hairs, principally on the digital
joints.
Th efalces are short, strong, straight, nearly perpendicular, but removed rather far back-
wards, and of a dark yellow-brown colour.
The maxillce and labium are yellow-brown ; the sternum is yellow, with dusky margins,
and of a rather elongate-oval form.
The abdomen is of a short-oval form, rather broader behind, where it is rounded, the fore
extremity being rather truncated, and projecting over the base of the cephalo thorax ; the
upper side is black-brown, thinly speckled with yellowish points ; on the middle of the fore
part is a small, somewhat triangular, pale-yellow patch, produced backwards in a short stalk-
like form with a prominent blunt point or patch on each side, and followed towards the
spinners by a series of large, angular lines, or chevrons, of the same colour ; the first of
these chevrons is of a rather sinuous form, and they all vary in strength and distinctness of
definition, and have, here and there, a black-brown spot upon them ; the sides are pale-yellow,
spotted, chiefly on the hinder half, with black-brown, and the under side is also pale-yellowish,
with a broad, longitudinal, median, dusky-brownish hand. The genital aperture is small, and
of characteristic form, its colour being yellow-brown, edged with red-brown ; the spinners
are short ; the superior pair are of a dark-blackish hue ; the inferior pair yellow-brown, slightly
shorter, but a little stronger, than the superior pair.
Hab. — Sind Valley, August 1873.
130. Attus DiDUCTtJS, sp. n.
Adult female : length rather over 2| lines.
This spider is nearly allied to Attus benejicus, which it resembles in general colours
and markings, but may he distinguished at once by the less convex cephalothorax and the
flatter ocular area. The sides of the cephalothorax also, instead of constituting a broad, well-
defined yellow hand along almost its whole width, have only an irregular and not very well-
defined brownish-yellow, narrow, marginal border, the margin itself being black ; the fo re
central pair of eyes are also much darker-coloured, and the legs are rather less strong, those
of the fourth pair being distinctly, though not greatly, longer than the first, which last are
rather the stoutest and are marked along each side with deep brown.
The colour of the sternum is dark yellow-brown, and the abdomen has a very similar
pattern to that of A. benejicus, though less distinct, and the form of the genital aperture is
quite distinct.
Hab. — Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1873.
131. Attus auspex, sp. n.
Adult male : length 2| lines.
The cephalothorax is broader behind than in front ; looked at in profile the hinder slope
is long, gradual, and but very slightly convex, running to the third posterior row of eyes,
from which the caput slopes rapidly downwards to the anterior row ; its colour is yellow-
brown, deepening gradually to the caput, which is black- brown ; there is a narrow blackis
ARANEIDEA.
105
marginal line, and the whole is clothed pretty thickly with mixed yellowish, coppery-golden,
and grey squamose appressed hairs, those immediately round the eyes of the front row being
very bright and forming, probably in most cases, scarlet ‘ irides.’
The eyes form an area broader than long, and the posterior row is larger than the
anterior one ; the central pair of the anterior row are very large and close together, hut not
contiguous, being separated by an interval a very little less than that which divides each
from the lateral of the same row on its side. These laterals are rather larger than the eyes
of the posterior row, and the small eye (on each side) of the middle row is in a straight
line with the inner edges of the fore lateral and hind lateral eyes, being also nearer to the
hind lateral than to the fore lateral eye. The height of the clypeus is equal to the diameter
of one of the fore central eyes.
The legs are strong and moderately long. Their relative length is 4, 1, 2, 3 ; they are of
a pale-yellowish colour, furnished thickly with hairs, bristles, and spines. Some of the hairs
are squamose and appressed, others long and prominent, especially on the first pair ; those
beneath the tarsi and metatarsi are the most numerous, and black, the rest being mostly grey
or sandy-coloured. The terminal tarsal claws have a claw-tuft beneath them, and are long
and slender, especially those of the fourth pair ; these have only 1—3 minute teeth about the
middle of the under side ; on some, if not all, of the other legs, even these denticulations
appear to be wanting. The legs of the first pair are considerably the strongest, while those
of the fourth pair are much the longest.
The palpi are short and strong, similar in colour to the legs, and furnished with long (as
well as some shorter squamose) grey hairs ; the radial joint is shorter and less strong than the
cubital, and its fore extremity on the outer side is produced into a not very long, tapering,
sharp-pointed, curved projection whose extremity is of a deep reddish-brown colour ; the
digital joint is of great length, the base is of a somewhat angular shape, and the fore part is
produced into a long cylindrical curved form ; the palpal organs are bulbous, tumid, placed
chiefly beneath the hinder part of the digital joint, and encircled at their base and round the
inner side by a long, strongish, tapering spine, which runs more or less closely alongside the
inner margin of the digital joint, and forms a very conspicuous and characteristic feature of
the species.
The f aloes are short and straight, placed considerably backwards, and of a dark yellow-
brown colour.
The sternum is small, oval, yellow-brown, and clothed with coarse grey hairs.
The maxillae are short and almost touch, at their extremities, over the labium ; these
parts are yellow-brown, paler at the extremities of the former and the apex of the latter.
The abdomen is oval, of a yellowish-brown colour with an indistinct dark brown stripe
along the middle of the fore part of the upper side, and clothed pretty densely with short
squamose, mixed yellowish, grey, sandy, and shining coppery hairs ; the under side is of a
pale dull brownish-yellow hue, clothed with grey, squamose hairs.
The female is larger than the male, but resembles that sex in colours and other general
characters. It is probable that a series of examples would show, in some instances, a more
or less distinct pattern on the upper side of the abdomen, depending on the distribution of
the colours of the hairs, which are subject to much variation in different individuals of the
same species in this group. Traces of this pattern in brown blotches and markings are
visible in the female/ The palpi, however, are so characteristic in the adult male that the
species can hardly be mistaken for any other.
106
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Hab. — Yarkand and neighbourhood, November 1873 ; hills between Sirikol and Aktalla,
8th to 13th May 1874.
132. Atttts avocator, sp. n.
Adult male : length slightly over 1| lines.
The cephalothorax of this small species is less high at the hinder row of eyes than in
Attus auspex, the hinder slope is (when looked at in profile) a little convex, as also is that of
the upper part of the caput, or ocular area. Its colour is yellow-brown, the ocular area being
the darkest ; it is thickly clothed with grey and yellowish mixed, appressed hairs, showing,
however, three longitudinal stripes of white hairs, one on each side, just below the margin of
the upper part, and the third along the middle of the hinder slope.
Tbe eyes form an area considerably broader than long; the anterior row is equal in length
to the posterior; in other respects the eyes arc like those of Attus auspex .
The leys are rather short and moderately strong ; their relative length being 4, 1, 3, 2.
They are of a brownish-yellow colour, indistinctly annulated with darker brown, and the
extremities of the tarsi of the first pair are blackish. They are clothed with hairs, bristles,
and spines ; the terminal tarsal claws are long and slender, and are apparently devoid of
denticulations beneath ; underneath them, on each tarsus, is a compact claw-tuft.
The palpi are short, similar in colour to the legs, and clothed with coarse (and princi-
pally grey) hairs ; the radial is shorter than the cubital joint, and has a small pointed
apophysis at the outer extremity ; the digital joint is long but not very broad, being of a
somewhat oblong form ; and the palpal organs are simple and of a blackish-brown colour.
The falces are moderately long, not very strong, straight, perpendicular, but placed
considerably backwai'ds, and of a dark yellow-brown colour.
The maxi lice and labium are also yellow-brown, the former are pale at their extremities
which do not nearly meet over the latter ; the labium also has the apex of a pale hue.
The sternum is small, oval, of a dark yellow-brown colour clothed with coarse grey
hairs.
The abdomen is oval, rather truncated in front. The upper side is dark brown, mottled
obscurely with yellowish, the margin being a little notched and bordered with white hairs,
a short streak along the middle of the fore part, of a dull yellowish hue, is followed to the
spinners by a series of short, but pretty distinct, angular bars of the same colour ; these mark-
ings are clothed with white hairs : the sides are longitudinally striated with brown, and the
under side is of a dull brownish yellow.
Bob. — Yangihissar, April 1874.
Systematic List oe Spiders above described and recorded.
B.— The figures denote those districts in which the Spiders were found, ( vide Introductory Remarks and the Separate Lists posted),
i
Fam. Theraphosides.
Gen. Idiops , (Perty).
Idiops designates, sp. n., 1.
ARANEIDEA.
107
Fam. Filistatides.
Gen. Fills tat a, (Latr.).
Filistata reclusa, sp. n., 2.
Fam. Dysderides.
Gen. Dysdera, (Latr.).
Dysdera eylindrica, sp. n., 1.
Fam. Drassides.
Gen. Brassvs, (Walek. ad partein) .
Drassus
troglodytes, (C. L. Koch), 2, 4, 5, 3.
99
infletus, sp. n., 5.
99
interruptor, sp. n., 2.
99
in visas, sp. n., 5.
V
interpolator, sp. n., 5.
99
dispulsus, sp. n., 5, 2, 4, 3, 1.
99
interlisus, sp. n., 5, 4, 2, 3.
99
involutus, sp. n., 1.
99
lapsus, sp. n., 5.
Gen. Gnaplosa, (Latr.).
Gnaphosa stoliczkoe, sp. n., 5, 3.
,, plumalis, (Gamin.), 3.
„ mserens, sp. n., 5, 3.
Gen. Prosthesima, (L. Kocli).
Prostkesima cingara, (Gamin'.), 4, 5.
Gen. Micaria, (Westr.).
Micaria convexa, sp. n., 5.
„ pallida, sp. n. 5.
Gen. Cluliona, (Latr.),
Clubiona deletrix, sp. n., 1.
,, laticeps, sp. n., 1.
,, laudata, sp. n., 3.
Gen. Cheiracanthium, (C. L. Koch).
Cheiracanthium adjacens, sp., n., 1.
„ approximatum, sp. n., 1.
Gen. Agrdeca, (Westr.).
Agroeca debilis, sp. n., 5.
„ flavens, sp. n., 4.
,, molesta, sp. n.
108
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Gen. Trachelas, (L. Koch).
Trachelas costata, sp. n., 1, 2.
Fam. Dictynides.
Gen. Diciyna, (Snnd.).
Dictyna albida, sp. n., 5.
Fam. Agelenides.
Gen. Argyroneta, (Latr.).
Argyroneta aquatica, (Walck.), 4.
Gen. Codotes, (Blackw.) ,
Ccelotes tegenarioides, sp. n., 1.
„ simplex, sp. n., 1.
Gen. Tegenaria , (Latr.).
Tegenaria ? 3.
Fam. Theridiides.
Gen. Ejoisinus, (Walck.).
Episinus algiricus, (Luc.) 1.
Gen. Theridion, (Walck.).
Theridion saxatile, (C. L. Kocli), 1.
„ lepidum, sp. n., 1.
„ suhitnm, sp. n., 1.
„ confusnm, sp. n., 1.
,, expallidatum, sp. n., 1.
tuberculatum, (Kronenberg), 1.
incertum, sp. n., 1.
»
:>
Gen. Steatoda , (Sund.).
Steatoda nigroeincta, sp. n., 1, 3.
mandibularis, (Lucas), 3.
sordidata, sp. n., 5.
»
»
Gen. Phycus, (Cambr.).
Pbyeus sagittatus, sp. n,, 1.
Gen. Erigone, (Sav.).
Erigone atra, (Blackw.), 3.
,, dentipalpis, (Westr.), 1.
Gen. Pachygnatha, (Sund.)
Pachygnatka clerckii, (Sund.), 5.
ARANEIDEA.
109
Gen. Linypliia, (Latr.).
Linyphia consanguinea, sp. n., 1.
,, albopunctata, sp. n., 1.
„ straminea, sp. n., 1.
„ perampla, sp. n., 1.
,, pusilla, (Sund.), 4,3.
Fam. Epeieides.
Gen. Meta, (C. L. Koch).
Meta mixta, sp. n.
Gen, TetragnatJia, (Latr.).
Tetragnatlia extensa, (Linn.), 3.
Gen. Epeira, (Walck.).
Epeira tartarica, (Kronenberg), 2.
„ bigib'bosa, sp. n., 1.
,, pellax, sp. n., 1.
,, gurda, sp. n., 1.
„ baruspex, sp. n., 4.
,, psenulata, sp. n., 1.
„ prscdata, sp. n., 1.
„ cucurbitina, (Clerck) 1.
„ cornuta, (Clerek) 1, 3, 4.
„ panniferens, sp. n., 1.
„ carnifex, sp. n., 1.
,, gibbera, sp. n., 1.
Gen. Chorizoopes, (Cambr.).
Chorizoopes stoliezkse, sp. n., 1.
„ congener, sp. n., 1.
Fam. Gasteacanthides.
Gen. Cyrtarachne, (Thor.).
Cyrtarachne pallida, sp. n., 1.
Fam. Uloboeides.
Gen. Ulolorus, (Latr.).
Uloborus albescens, sp. n., 1.
Fam. Thomisides.
Gen. Thomisus, (Walck. ad, partem).
Thomisus albidus, sp. n., 3.
„ albens, sp. n., 3.
c 1
110
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Gen. Misumena, (Thor.).
Misumena expallidata, sp. n., 1.
„ ? oblonga, sp. n., 1.
Gen. Synema , (Sim.).
Synema exculta, sp. n., 1.
Gen. Dicea, (Thor.).
Dioea (?) spinosula, sp. n., 1.
„ subdola, sp. n., 1.
„ sufflava, sp. n., 1
„ suspiciosa, sp. n., 3.
,, subargentata, sp. n., 1.
Gen. Xysticus, (C. L. Koch),
Xysticus cristatus, (Clercli), 5.
„ audax (?), (C. L. Koch), 5.
,, maculosus, sp. n., 1.
,, setiger, sp. n., 3.
breviceps, sp. n., 3
mundulus, sp. n., 1.
99
99
Gen. Monastes, (Luc.),
Monastes dejeetus, sp. n., 1.
Gen. Sarotes, (Sund.),
Sarotes regius (Fabr.), 1.
„ promptus, sp. n,, 1.
Gen. Sparassns, (Walck.).
Sparassus timidus, sp. n., 2.
„ fujax, sp. n., 1.
„ flavidus, sp. n., 4,
Gen. Philodromns, (Walck.),
Philodromus cjnerascens, sp. n., 2, 3.
„ medius, (Cambr.), 1.
Gen. Tilellus, (Sim.),
Tibellus propinquus, sp. n., 5.
Gen. Thanalus, (C. L. Koch).
Thanatus thorellii, (Cambr.) , 3.
„ albescens, sp. n., 1.
Fam. Lycosides.
StoliczJca, gen. nov,
Steliezka insignis, sp. i 1.
ARANEIDEA.
Ill
Gen. Ocyale, (Sav.)
Oeyale rectifasciata, sp. n., 1.
,, dentifaseiata, sp. n., 1.
Gen. TrocJiosa, (C. L. Koch).
Trochosa rubigiuea, sp. n., 4, 3.
„ hebes, sp. n., 4, 5, 3.
,, propinqua, sp. n., 1.
„ adjacens, sp. n., 5.
„ sabulosa, sp. n., 5, 4.
,, approximata, sp. n., 1.
„ rubromandibulata, sp. n., 4.
„ lugubris, sp. n., 5.
Gen. Tareniula , (Sund.).
Tarentula irascibilis, sp. n., 5.
„ ini mica, sp. n., 2.
Gen. Lycosa, (Latr. ad partem) .
Lycosacondolons, sp. n., 4, 3.
„ fortunata, sp. n.; 2, 4, 5, 3.
„ stellata, sp. n., 5, 4, 3.
„ credula, sp. n., 5, 3.
„ vindex, sp. n., 4.
„ vindicata, sp. n., 1, 5.
„ passibilis, sp. n., 5.
„ flavida, sp. n., 4 , 5, 3.
Beebe, gen. nov.
Beebe benevola, sp. n., 4, 5. 3.
Earn. Sphasides.
Gen. Oxyopes, (Latr.).
Oxyopes jubilans, sp. n,, 1.
,, prsedieta, sp. n., 1.
„ rejecta, sp. n., 1.
Fam. Salticides.
Gen. lleliophanus, (C. L. Koch).
Ileliophanus dubius, Sim., 5.
Gen. Plexippus, (C. L. Koch.)
Plexippus adansonii, Sav., 1.
Gen. Menemerus, (Lin.).
Menemerus cinctus, sp. n., 4.
„ incertus, sp. n., 4.
deletus, sp. n., 3.
frigidus, sp. n., 1.
112
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Gen. Attus , (Sim.).
Attus devotus, sp. n., 1.
„ beneficus, sp. n., 1.
„ di ductus, sp. n., 1.
,, auspex, sp. n., 4, 5.
„ avocator, sp. n., 5.
Separate Lists of Species found in the several Districts.
N. B. — Where no figure is added, the spider was found only in the district under consideration.
District 1.
Murree, Murree to Sind Valley, and Sind Valley.
Idiops designatus.
Dysdera cylindrica.
Drassus dispulsus, 2, 3, 4, 5.
„ involutus.
Clubiona deletrix.
,, laticeps.
Cheiracantkium adjacens.
„ approximatum.
Traclielas costata, 2.
Ccelotes tegenarioides.
,, simplex.
Episinus algiricus, (Luc.) .
Tlieridion riparium, (Blackw.).
,, lepidum.
,, subitum.
„ eonfusum.
„ expallidatum.
„ tuberculatum, (Kron.) .
„ incertum.
Steatoda nigrocincta, 3.
Phycus sagittatus.
Erigone dentipalpis.
Liayphia consanguinea.
„ albopunctata.
,, straminea.
Meta mixta.
Epeira bigibbosa.
,, pellax.
„ gurda.
„ punctata.
„ prsedata.
„ cucurbitina.
„ panniferens.
„ carnifex.
„ gibbera.
Chorizoopes stoliczkie.
„ congener.
Cyrtaraehne pallida.
Uloborus albescens.
Misumena expallidata.
„ (?) oblonga.
Synema exeulta.
Dioea spinosula.
„ subdola.
,, sufflava.
„ subargentata.
Xysticus maculosus.
,, setiger.
„ mundulus.
Monastes dejectus.
Sarotes regius, (Fabr.).
,, promptus.
Sparassus fugax.
Philodromus medius, (Cambr.).
Tbanatus albescens.
Stoliczka insignis.
Ocyale rectifasciata.
„ dentifasciata.
Trochosa propinqua.
„ rubromandibulata.
Lyeosa vindieata, 5.
Oxyopes jubilans.
„ prsedicta.
„ rejeeta.
Plexippus adansonii.
Menemerus frigidus.
Attus (?) devotus.
„ beneficus.
„ diductus.
ARANEIDEA.
113
District 2.
Neighbourhood of LeJt, and TanJctze to Chagra and Panlcong Valley.
Filistata reclusa. Epeira tartarica
Drassus troglodytes, (C, L. Koch.), 3, 4, 5.
,, interemptor.
„ dispulsus, 1, 3, 4, 5.
„ interlisus, 3, 4, 5.
Trachelas eostata.
Sparassus timidus.
Philodromus einerascens, 3.
Tarentula iraseibilis.
Lycosa fortunata, 3, 4, 5.
District 3.
Yarkand to Bursi,
Drassus troglodytes, (C. L. Koch.), 2, 4, 5.
„ dispulsus, 1, 2, 4, 5.
j, interlisus, 2, 4, 5.
Gnaphosa stoliczkse, 5.
„ plumalis, (Cambr.).
mcerens, 5.
Clubiona laudata.
Tegenaria (?) .
Steatoda nigroeincta, 1.
Drepanodus mandibularis, (Luc.).
Erigoue atra, (Blackw.).
Linyphia pusilla, (Sund.), 4.
Tetragnatlia extensa, (Linn.).
Epeira cornuta, (Clerck), 4.
Thomisus albidus.
Thomisus albens.
Dicea suspiciosa.
Xysticus breviceps.
Philodromus einerascens, 2.
Thanatus thorellii, (Cambr.).
Trochosa rubiginea, 4.
„ hebes, 4, 5.
Lycosa condolens, 4.
„ fortunata, 2, 4, 5.
„ stellata.
„ credula, 5.
„ flavida, 4, 5.
Beebe benevola, 4, 5.
Menemerus deletus.
District 4.
YarJcand and neighlourhood ,
Drassus troglodytes, (C. L. Koch), 2, 3, 5.
„ dispulsus, 1, 2, 3, 5.
„ interlisus, 2, 3, 5.
Prosthesima cingara, Cambr., 4.
Agrcieca Havens.
Argyroneta aquatica, (Walck.).
Linyphia pusilla, (Sund.), 3.
Epeira haruspex.
„ cornuta, (Clerck), 3.
Sparassus flavidus.
Trochosa rubiginea, 3.
„ hebes, 3, 5.
and YarJcand.
Trochosa sabulosa, 5.
„ approximata.
Lycosa condolens, 3.
„ fortunata, 2, 3, 5.
„ stellata, 3, 5.
„ vindex.
„ flavida, 3, 5.
Boebe benevola, 3, 5.
Menemerus cinctus,
„ incertus.
Attus auspex, 5.
District 5.
r«shghar ; between Ydngihissdr and SiriJcol ; YdngiJmsar ; road across the Pamir from Sirihol to Punjab
back ; and hills between SiriJcol and Aktalla.
Drassus dispulsus, 1, 2, 3, 4.
„ interlisus, 2, 3, 4.
invisus. „ lapsus,
interpolator,
Drassus troglodytes, (C. L. Koch.), 2, 3, 4.
infletus.
»
>9
Gnaphosa stoliczkse, 3.
1 D
114
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Gnaphosa plumalis, (Cambr.), 3.
Prosthesima cingara, (Cambr.), 4.
Micaria connexa.
„ pallida.
Agroeca debilis.
Dictyna albida.
Steatoda sordidata.
Pachygnatha clerekii, (Sund.).
Xysticus cristatus, (C. L. Koch.).
„ audax, (C. L. Kocb.).
Tibellus propinquus.
Trochosa hebes, 3, 4.
„ adjacens.
Trochosa sabulosa, 4.
„ lugubris.
Tarentula inimica.
Lyeosa fortunata, 2, 3, 4.
„ stellata, 3, 4.
„ eredula, 3.
„ vindicata, 1.
„ passibilis.
„ flavida, 3, 4.
Beebe benevola, 3, 4.
Helioplianus dubius.
Attus auspex, 4.
„ avocator.
Explanation op the Plates.
Pi. I.
Fig. 1. I diops designatus, sp. n., $ .
a. spider in profile with legs and palpi truncated ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus ;
d., e. portion of leg of first pair in different positions ; f. natural length of spider.
„ 2. Filistata reclusa, sp. n., ? .
a. spider in profile without legs or palpi ; b. eyes and falces from in front ; c, natural length of
spider.
„ 3. JDysdera cylindrica, sp. n., $ .
a. spider in profile without legs or palpi ; b., c. palpus in two different positions; d. natural length
of spider.
„ 4. Drassus infletus, sp. n., $ .
a. spider in profile without legs or palpi; b. eyes from behind ; c. genital aperture; d. natural
length of spider.
„ 5. Drassus interemptor, sp. n., $ .
a. spider in profde without legs or palpi ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus ; d. natural
length of spider.
„ 6. Drassus invisus, sp. n., ? .
a. spider in profile without legs or palpi ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. genital aperture ;
d. natural length of spider.
„ 7. Drassus interpolator , sp. ti., $ .
a. spider in profde without legs or palpi ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus ; d. natural
length of spider.
„ 8. Drassus dispulsus, sp. n., $ .
a, spider in profile without legs or palpi , b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus of S ; <*•
genital aperture of $ ; e. natural length of spider.
„ 9. Drassus interlisns, sp. n., $ .
a. spider in profile ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus; d. natural length of spider.
„ 10. Drassus involutus, sp. n., 9 . . p
a. spider in profile ; b* eyes from above and behind ; c. genital aperture ; d. natural length o
spider.
* In this figure (10 l.), the eyes of the hind-central pair are placed too obliquely.
PI. II.
Fig. 11. Drassus lapsus, sp. n., $ .
a. spider in profile ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. genital aperture ;
spider.
d. natural length °I
AKANEIDEA.
115
Fig. 12. Gnaphosa stoliczia, sp. n., 3 ■
a. spider in profile ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus of $ ; d. genital aperture of ? ;
e. natural length of spider.
„ 13. Gnaphosa moerens, sp. n., 3 .
a. spider in profile ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus of $ ; d. portion of palpus show-
ing form of radial apophysis ; e. genital aperture of 9 ; f. natural length of spider.
,, 14. Clubiona deletrix, sp. n., 3.
a. spider in profile ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus of ; d. genital aperture of $ :
e. natural length of spider.
,, 15, Clubiona laticeps, sp. n., $ .
a. spider in profile; b. eyes from above and behind; c. genital aperture ; d. natural length of
spider.
,, 16. Clubiona laudaia, sp. n., 3 .
a. spider in profile ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus ; d. natural length of spider.
„ 17. Chiracanthium adjacens, sp. n.3 <3 .
a. spider in profile; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. palpus of $ ; d. genital aperture of 3 ■
e. natural length of spider.
„ 18. Chiracanthinm approximatum, sp. n., $ .
a. spider in profile ; 6. eyes from above and behind ; c. genital aperture ; d. natural length of
spider.
„ 19. Agroeca debilis, sp. n., ? .
a. spider in profile ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. maxillae and labium ; d. genital aperture ■
e. natural length of spider.
„ 20. Agroeca flavens, sp. n.} $ .
a. spider in profile ; b. eyes from above and behind ; e. maxillae and labium ; d. genital aper-
ture ; e. natural length of spider.
,, 21, Trac/ielas costata, sp. n,3 $ .
a. spider in profile ; b. eyes from above and behind ; c. maxillae and labium ;• d. genital aperture ;
e. natural length of spider.
Govt, of India Central Printing Office— No. 37 I. M.— 1-6-86. — 286.
Second l&rkand Mission.
ARAN E IDEA.
Plate!
n?m
Is&SOP
IChitern 'Bros.v:
ARANEIDEA.
Mmtem Bros. imp.
Plate. II.
') 'V'k//,
w
*
*
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION
f
BASED UPON THE COLLECTIONS AND NOTES
OP THE LATE
FERDINAND STOLICZKA, PhD.
HYMENOPTERA.
BY
FREDERICK SMITH,
ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, BRITISH MUSEUM.
JJrtblishcb bn orkr of the (Soucrmncirt of InVm.
CALCUTTA :
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING.
1878.
CAtCtTTTA :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING,
8, HASTINGS STREET.
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
HYMENOPTERA.
By FREDERICK SMITH, Zoological Department, British Museum.
CT1HE collection made by Dr. Stoliczka while attached to the Second Yarkand Expedition
J- contains sixty -three species, only nine of which appear to have been previously describ-
ed; among them are species belonging to the famHies, Andrenidoe, Apidae, Formicidce,
Myrmicidae, Scoliadce, Pompilidce, Sphegidce, harridan, Eumenidce, Vespidce, Tenthredinidce,
and Ichneumonidce.
Tribe— ANTHOPHILA (Latr.)
Division 1— SOLITARIES.
Family — ANDREFI DEE.
1. Prosopis pervious.
Femina. — P. atra, fronte maculata, tibiis omnibus Jlavo-annulalis ; abdominis segmentorum
margmibus rufo-testaceis.
•
Black ; the head closely and finely punctured ; a yellow line on each side of the face
along the margin of the eyes ; the flageHum of the antennae fulvous, slightly fuscous above.
Thorax punctured above and shining ; the metathorax rugose in the middle of its base ; the
coUar, tubercles, tegulse, the anterior tibiae and tarsi, the intermediate and posterior tibiae at
their base, and their tarsi, yeHow ; the wings hyaline and iridescent ; their nervures towards
the base pale testaceous, beyond, fuscous.
Abdomen shining, very finely and closely punctured ; the apical margins of the segments
rui'o- testaceous. Female, length 2f lines.
Hob. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
The genus Prosopis has a wide geographical distribution. Species occur both in the
pid and New World; in Europe not less than forty species are found. The genus also occurs
in Egypt, at Natal, and in the Cape of Good Hope; in Australia it is plentiful, and
2
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
it has been found in New Zealand. In the New World it appears to he most plentiful in the
United States, Mexico and California ; hut in tropical localities only two or three species
have, to my knowledge, been discovered.
The habits of these bees, as far as those of the European species have been observed, are
to form their burrows in dead sticks, in the pith of which they excavate their tunnels.
2. Lamprocolletes peregrintjs, Eig. 5.
Eemina. — L. capite thoraceque nigris, abdomme clialybeo, alis fusco-hyalinis.
Head and thorax black ; the face with silvery white pubescence, as well as the thorax
anteriorly and posteriorly above ; the head beneath, a band between the wings, and the legs
covered with black pubescence; wings fusco-hyaline, the anterior wings darkest, and
having a violet iridescence ; at their base they are subhyaline. Abdomen ovate and of a dark
shining steel-blue ; the apical segments with black pubescence. Eemale, length 5 to 5 |- lines.
Sab. — Yangihissar, Eastern Turkestan. Taken in April.
All the species of this genus, previous to that here described, have been from Australia ;
about twenty have been described.
3. And rena eamiliaris, Eig. 3.
Mas. — A. atra, pallide villosa, abdominis segmentis tribus basalibus pallide rufo-
marginatis.
Black; the face and cheeks with a pale fulvous pubescence; the flagellum of the
antennae fusco-ferruginous beneath ; the thorax has a similar pubescence ; the cox* and
femora rufo-piceous ; the tibi* and tarsi pale testaceous yellow ; the wings hyaline and
iridescent ; the nervures and the stigma pale rufo- testaceous. Abdomen oblong-ovate, with a
thin short pale pubescence ; the apical margins of all the segments testaceous, those of the
three basal segments pale ferruginous ; beneath entirely pale rufo-testaceous. Male, length
4J lines.
Sab. — Neighbourhood of Yarkand. Taken in May.
4. Andrena eloridtjla, 1 Eig. 4.
Mas. — A. nigra , cinerascenti-pilosa, tibiis tarsisque posticis fulvis ; abdomwe mit'id0’
segmentorum marginibus testaceis.
Black; the head, thorax and legs with long thin cinereous pubescence; the flagelhun o
the antenn* fulvous beneath ; the mandibles ferruginous at their apex. Thoi’ax ; the wmgs
hyaline and iridescent ; the nervures and stigma rufo-testaceous ; the legs dark rufo -pic eons
the posterior tibi* and tarsi fulvous, and clothed with silvery pubescence. Abdomen oblong >
ovate ; the apical margins of the segments testaceous, and with a thin fringe of whitish pu
cence ; the apex fulvo-testaceous. Male, length 4 lines.
Sab. — Dras, Kargil, and Leh, all in Ladak ; August to September.
This is a genus the geographical distribution of which is very extensive ; the species
found in all parts of Europe, ranging north into Lapland. Numerous species have been loun
1 This name is misprinted floricula on the plate.
4
HYMENOPTERA.
3
tlie Azores, in Madeira, Cape de Verd Islands, and in Egypt; a few have occurred in Northern
India, China, and Japan. In Australia and New Zealand they appear to he very rare ;
no species has, to my knowledge, been found in South America, but they are found in Mexico,
and are plentiful in North America.
All the species appear to construct their nests in tunnels excavated in the ground.
Family — A PIDjE.
5. OSMIA LABOBIOSA, Eig. 6.
Eemina. — 0. nigra, pube fulva vestita ; abdominis segmentis rufo-margmatis ; pedibus
ferrugineis.
Black ; head shining and finely punctured ; the scape of the antennse, the anterior
margin of the clypeus, and the mandibles, ferruginous ; the latter tridentate, the teeth black ;
the face and the vertex with fulvous pubescence. The thorax has a fulvous pubescence, which
is usually more or less abraded above ; the mesothorax closely punctured, more strongly so
than the head ; the legs bright ferruginous, with the coxae black ; wings fulvo-hyaline at
their base, and fuscous beyond the base of the first submarginal cell ; the tcgulae and ncrvures
at the base of the 'wings ferruginous, becoming nigro-fuscous beyond. Abdomen closely
punctured ; the basal segment above, and the apical margins of the second and third segments
broadly ferruginous; all the segments fringed with fulvous pubescence; beneath, densely
clothed with fulvous pubescence. Eemale, length 4J lines.
JIab. — Taken in May, in the neighbourhood of Yarkand.
This genus is numerous in species, but it appears only to be found, in any abundance,
in temperate climates ; nearly one hundred species are known, about half of these are European ;
several are found in North Africa, and they occur plentifully in North America.
6. Megachile hescindus.
Eemina. — M. pallide pubescens, abdomine subcordato, segmentorum marginibus pallide
fulvis, subtus fulvo-villosis.
Black ; the face covered with fulvous pubescence, that on the cheeks paler ; the man-
dibles with three ferruginous blunt teeth. Thorax ; the pubescence on the disk short and
thin, at the sides it is more dense, long and pale fulvous, that on the legs is very pale and
glittering above ; on the basal joint of the tarsi beneath it is bright fulvous ; the claws of
the tarsi ferruginous; wings sub-hyaline, the nervures fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen; a
little pale fulvous pubescence on the apical margin of the basal segment ; on the following
segments it is fulvous, and very dense and bright on the segments beneath. Eemale, length
6 lines.
Male. — Black, with the anterior legs ferruginous ; their coxae armed writh an acute black
tooth ; a dark stain on the femora and tibiae behind, the tarsi dilated and fringed behind with
very pale curled pubescence. The face covered with dense yellowish white pubescence ;
on the thorax above it is thinner, shorter and brighter ; wings hyaline, with a faint cloud at
their apical margin ; the metathorax has a cinereous pubescence. Abdomen ; the segments
4
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
fringed with pale fulvous pubescence ; the margin of the apical segment emarginate ; the
emargination denticulate. Length 6^ lines- In this species the head is a little wider than
the thorax, and narrowed behind the eyes.
Sab. — Taken in May, in the neighbourhood of Yarkand.
7- Megachile fulva.
Eemina. — 31. atra , thorace abdomineque hirsutis fulvo-aureis, pedibus ferrugineis.
Black ; the mandibles, scape of antenna;, and the legs ferruginous ; the coxse, trochanters,
and tips of the mandibles, black ; densely covered witli fulvous pubescence, sparingly so
on the vertex and basal margins of the intermediate abdominal segments ; the pubescence
on the legs is short and thin ; the anterior wings flavo-hyaline towards their base, beyond
which they are fuscous ; the nervurcs ferruginous at the base of the wings, beyond the stigma
they are rufo-fuscous ; the teg uhe ferruginous. Female, length 7i lines.
Taken on the Yarkand Expedition ; the precise locality not known.1
8. Megachile dentiventris.
Mas. — M. pallide pubescens ; abdominis apice denticulato ; tarsis rujis.
Black ; the face densely covered with white pubescence, that on the cheeks is also white,
but shorter and less dense ; on the vertex it is pale fulvous ; the mandibles stout and bidentate
the teeth rufo-piceous, the apical one black at the tip. The thorax and legs with wdiite
pubescence ; the anterior femora and tibiae in front, and all the tarsi bright ferruginous ;
the anterior coxse armed with a stout spine ; wings hyaline, the anterior pair faintly clouded
at their apical margin ; the nervures ferruginous ; the tegulae black. Abdomen ; the apical
margins of the segments fringed with very pale fulvous- white pubescence; that at the
sides, and beneath, is white ; the apical segment with four teeth on its margin. Male, length
B lines.
Sab.— Neighbourhood of Yarkand. Taken in May.
9. Megachile sere at a.
Mas. — 31. pallide pubescens, abdomine oblongo, ano injlexo , spinuloso.
Black; the face with pale fulvous pubescence, that on the cheeks cinereous; the
antennae fulvous beneath. Thorax clothed above with pale fulvous pubescence ; at the sides,
beneath, and on the legs, it is cinereous ; the tarsi ferruginous, with the basal joint of the
intermediate and posterior pairs, black above ; the anterior coxae dentate ; wings hyaline,
the anterior pair slightly clouded at the apex, the nervures ferruginous, the teguke black-
Abdomen oblong, obtuse at the apex ; the two basal segments with pale fulvous pubescence ;
the apical margins of the segments fringed with pale pubescence ; the apical segment clothed
with short pale pubescence, its margin serrated ; beneath, the apical segment is produced
into a large triangular process, acute at its apex. Male. Length 5 lines..
Sab.— Neighbourhood of Yarkand. Taken in May.
1 Probably, like some other specimens without labels, this may have been from the hills south of Yarkand.
HYMENOPTERA.
10. Megachile vigilans.
Femina. — M. pallide pnbescens ; abdomine subtns argenteo-villosulo, segmentorum mar-
ginibus dorsalibus pa l lido-fasc i a lis .
Black ; tlie face clothed with dense white pubescence ; the mandibles with four blunt
teeth. The pubescence on the thorax and legs whitish, that on the tarsi beneath fulvous ;
wings hyaline, the nervures black. Abdomen subcordate, the basal segment deeply concave,
the metathorax rounded and fitting into the cavity, the abdomen curving upwards, the
apical margins of the segments with fasciae of white pubescence ; beneath, densely clothed
with silvery- white pubescence. Female, length 4| lines.
Sab. — Dras, Kargil, and Leh, all in Ladak. (August and September.)
This genus is perhaps the most numerous in species of all the genera of bees ; it is
also the most cosmopolitan ; about three hundred species are known ; they occur both in
temperate and tropical climates ; about fifty are known to inhabit India, China, and the islands
of the Eastern Archipelago ; they are abundant in Australia, also in both North and South
America.
A large number are, from their habit of lining their nests with pieces of leaf, popularly
called leaf-cutting bees, but their habits vary ; nests of Indian species prove that some
species belong to the section of mason-bees, their nests being constructed of agglutinated
particles of sand or mud ; of the habits of the Australian species, we are at present ignorant.
11. Anthidium vigilans, Eig. 7.
Femina. — A. atrum, capite tlioraceque flavo-variegatis ; abdominis maculis later alibns
flavis. Mas. — A. abdominis injlexi lateribus fascieulato-pilosis, ano septemdentato.
Black; the head and thorax very closely punctured and subopaque, the abdomen
shining and more finely punctured. The clypeus, base of the mandibles, and a line on the
posterior margin of the vertex, interrupted in the middle, yellow. A stripe on each side of
the thorax in front, and an interrupted line on the posterior margin of the scutellum
yellow ; the femora at their apex beneath, and the tibiae and tarsi outside, yellow ; wings
sub-hyaline, the marginal cell with a fuscous stripe at its anterior margin. Abdomen ; each
segment with a transverse yellow lateral macula ; beneath, clothed with bright pale fulvous
pubescence. Female, length 5J lines.
The male is considerably larger than the female and is much more pubescent, but is
marked with yellow in the same manner, the yellow stripes on the abdomen being broader
and forming interrupted bands; the segments have at then’ lateral margins a floccus of
whitish glittering pubescence ; the apical segment is tridentate, the lateral teeth yellow, the
central one smaller and black ; there is also a tooth at the lateral margins of the fifth and
sixth segments. Male, length 7 lines.
Sab. — The locality of the male is the neighbourhood of Yarkand, and although the precise
locality of the female is not ascertained, there is a sufficient general resemblance between
the sexes to justify uniting them as one species.
The genus Anthidium has a wide geographical distribution ; species are found in Europe,
Arabia, Syria, Algeria, Cape of Good Hope, Sierra Leone. About six species are known from
6
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
India, but I have not seen any from China, the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, nor from
Australia ; the known number of species is about one hundred.
12. Crocisa histrio, Eabr.
Nomada histrio, Fabr., Ent. Syst., ii, 345.
Meleda histrio, Latr., Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins., iii.
• Fabr., Syst. Piez., 385.
• Spin., Ins. Ligui-., i, 153.
Crocisa histrio, Latr., Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv, 172.
St. Farg., Hym., ii, 454.
Eversm., Bull. Mose., xxv, 104.
Sab. — Taken in the neighbourhood of Yarkand, also at Yangihissar. Found also in
Southern France, Russia and Algeria.
13. Crocisa intruders, Fig. 8.
Femina. — C. nigra, capite, thoraceque, pedibusque albo variegatis, scutello emarginato.
Black ; the face and cheeks covered with dense snow-white pubescence, on the vertex
it is shorter and thinner ; the clypeus porrect, the mandibles ferruginous. The anterior
margin and sides of the thorax covered with white pubescence ; the mesothorax with three
spots anteriorly, the central one oblong, the other two ovate ; also two quadrate spots
posteriorly, of white pubescence ; the scutellum deeply cmarginate and having a little white
pubescence in the emargination ; the tibiae white outside; wings hyaline, their apical
margins slightly clouded. Abdomen, a broad band of white pubescence at the base and
a narrower one on the apical margin of the segments, all slightly interrupted in the
middle. Female, length 3^ lines.
Sab. — Neighbourhood of Yarkand. Taken in May.
This genus of bees is not numerous in species ; only about twelve are at present known,
but their distribution is extensive ; they have occurred in Europe, North Africa, Natal, South
Africa, Ceylon, India, in various islands of the Eastern Archipelago, China, and Australia.
14. Anthophora vigilaxs.
Mas. — A. nigra , pallide villosa, thorace jlavescente, abdominis segmentis pallido-mar -
ginatis.
Black; the mandibles, labram, anterior margin of the clypeus, and a central line
uniting with it, white ; the tips of the mandibles rufo-piccous, and two minute black spots
at the base of the labrum ; the pubescence on the face yellowish white, the thorax wit i
similar pubescence above ; the posterior tibiae and tarsi with white pubescence. Abdomen ,
the apical margins of the segments pale testaceous and having fasciae of white pubescence-
The wings clear hyaline. Male, length 5 lines.
Sab. — Dras, Kargil, and Leli, all in Ladak.
HYMENOPTERA.
7
15. Axthophora senex.
Mas. — A. atra,pallide villosa, facie antice labroque Jiavis; pedibus intermediis elongatis.
Black ; the face as high as the insertion of the antennae, the labrum, and scape of the
antennae in front, yellow ; the pubescence on the head pale fulvous, whitish on the clypeus.
Thorax pubescent ; the pubescence faintly yellowish, that on the legs long and ragged ;
the tarsi testaceous, except the basal joint ; the intermediate legs elongate, the fifth joint
densely fringed with black pubescence, forming a thick brush ; the apical joint of the tarsi
rufo-piceous. Abdomen thinly covered with pale pubescence ; the margins of the segments
pale testaceous. Male, length 5J lines.
Sab. — Neighbourhood of Yarkand and Yangiliissar. Taken in April.
This genus is cosmopolitan, not less than one hundred and fifty species are known ; of
these twelve are from India.
16. Nylocopa nitidiventris, 1 Eig. 10.
Eemina. — X. nigra, thorace supra pube Jlava decor aia, tibiarum posticarum apicibus tarsis-
que omnibus pube ferruginea vestitis, alls nigro-fuscis iridescentibus.
Black ; the pubescence on the head black ; very closely punctured and opaque. Thorax,
clothed above with bright pale yellowish pubescence ; on the sides, beneath, and on the
femora and tibiae, it is black ; that at the apex of the posterior tibiae and on all the tarsi,
bright f ulvo-ferruginous ; that on the anterior tarsi mixed with a little black on the first
joint ; wings fuscous, palest towards their base, and having a violet iridescence in certain
lights. Abdomen very smooth and shining, and also very convex, being subglobose;
beneath, the apical margins of the segments are narrowly ferruginous, the two sub-apical
ones being fringed with bright ferruginous hairs. Eemale, length 7-g- lines.
Sab. — Taken in May, in the neighbourhood of Yarkand.
17. Xylocopa dubiosa, Eig. 9.
Mas. — X. nigra, f ulco-pubescente ; facie antice labioque Jiavis ; abdomine ovato, con-
vexiusculo , segmentormn marginibus fulvo fascialis.
Black; the head, thorax, and the base of the abdomen densely clothed with fulvous
pubescence ; the face below7 the insertion of the antenna; and the labrum, yellow ; the
anterior margin of the latter black; the tarsi ferruginous; wings fulvo- hyaline, slightly
fuscous towards their apical margins ; the nervures ferruginous, the costal nervure blackish.
Abdomen ovate, truncate at the base, convex, sinning and finely punctured; the apical
margins of the segments with a narrow fringe of fulvous pubescence, more or less interrupted
in the middle ; the sixth and seventh segments covered with fulvous pubescence. Male,
length 7 1 lines. Probably the male of X. nitidiventris.
Taken in April, at Yangiliissar, Eastern Turkestan.
1 Represented on the plate as AT. dubiosa • ?
8
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
18. Xylocopa coxvexa.
Eemina. — X. nitida, nigra ; alls nigro-fuscis violaceo splendidc micantibm ; abdomine
convexo.
Black and shining ; the head not closely hut rather finely punctured ; the front with
short dense black pubescence ; the margins of the clypeus raised and shining, and with a
central shining carina ; the flagellum, except the basal joint, obscurely fulvous beneath. The
disk of the mesothorax and the base of the scutellum smooth, shining, and impunctate ; the
sides, beneath, and the legs, with black pubescence ; wings with a beautiful blue, violet
and green iridescence. Abdomen very convex, w7ith fine distant punctures ; the sides
and apex with black pubescence. Eemale, length 9 to 10 lines.
Sab. — Kugiar, 90 miles south of Yarkand. Taken in May and June.
Xylocopa has an universal distribution ; in my monograph of the genus, published in
1874, one hundred and twenty-three species are registered ; the number has been slightly
increased since that time. In India twenty species have been found.
Division 2— SOCIALES.
19. Bombtjs vallestris.
Operaria. — B. hirsutus, ater, thorace supra abdominisque fascia basali jlavis , segmento
secundo et apice f err ugineo-f ulvis.
Black; the head sub-rotundate, with black pubescence; the thorax above, the sides, and
beneath the wings, densely clothed with pale yellowish-white pubescence ; beneath and on
the legs it is black; the four apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous; wings fuscous, the
nervures black. Abdomen ; at the extreme base a fringe of pale yellowish white pubescence,
on the second segment and also on the three apical ones it is ferruginous. Worker, length
lines.
Sab. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
The male exactly resembles the worker, having also black pubescence on the face.
20. Bombtjs longiceps.
Operaria. — B. hirsutus, ater, tliorace dorso pallide fulvo ; abdominis segmentis ana lib /is
tribus rufo-fulvis.
Black ; the head elongate, the clypeus smooth and shining ; the tips of the mandibles
rufo-piceous ; the flagellum of the antennae obscurely fulvous beneath. Thorax above, and
at the sides beneath the wings, densely clothed with bright fulvous pubescence ; beneath,
and on the legs, it is black; the four apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous; the wings hyaline.
Abdomen ; the three basal segments with black pubescence, usually more or less abraded
towards the base, which is smooth and shining; the apical segments fulvo -ferruginous-
Worker, length 9 lines.
Sab. — Dras, Kargil, and Leh, Ladak. (August and September.)
The male o£ this species is clothed exactly the same as the female, the face hav
also black pubescence.
HYMEN OPTEKA.
9
21. Bombus altaicus.
Bomius altaicus, Eversm. Bull, Mosc., xix, 436, tab. 4, fig. 1.
Bab. — Tankse, Pangkong valley, Ladak ; also in Asiatic Prussia.
22. Bombus bizonatus.
Eemina. — B. hirsutus, ater ; thorace antice, scutello , abclomineque basi flavin, medio
nigro-fasciato, apice pallido.
The head clothed with black pubescence, the labrum fringed with fulvous • the
clvpeus naked, smooth and shining. Thorax clothed with pale fulvous pubescence and
having a black pubescent hand between the wings; the pubescence on the le^-s and
on the body beneath, black ; the apical joints of the tarsi with short pale pubescence
that on the basal joint beneath rich fulvous; wings sub- hyaline, the nervures black
The first and second segments of the abdomen with pale fulvous pubescence, the third
with black, and the three apical ones with very pale fulvous. Eemale, length 7J lines.
Sab. — No locality indicated.
23. Bombus oppositus, Eig. 11.
Eemina. — B. hirsutus, ater-, thorace abdomineque supra fluids.
Black ; the head clothed with black pubescence ; the clypeus naked, smooth and shin-
ing. Thorax, clothed above with rather short, rich fulvous pubescence, that on the sides
beneath, and on the legs is black ; the pubescence on the apical joints of the tarsi is pale
fulvous, on their basal joint within it is bright fulvous, outside it is black ; wings subhyaline,
their nervures black. Abdomen, clothed above with rich fulvous, beneath with black
pubescence. Eemale, length 9 lines.
Sab. — No precise locality indicated.
The genus Bombus is widely distributed ; its number of species amounting to little
short of one hundred. Bombi are found both in the Old and New World, a few species
occurring in the Tropics ; the genus has not been observed to penetrate Africa beyond Algeria,
and it has not been found either in Madagascar, Australia or New Zealand. In the Old World
it lias been found in Lapland, Siberia, Kamtschatka, China, Japan, India and Java. In great
Britain twenty species occur. In the New World, it has been found in Greenland, Boothia
Eelix, and at the Great Bear Lake, within the Arctic Circle. Mexico has produced some
of the most beautiful species of the genus ; North America is rich in species ; in South
America several fine ones occur.
Tribe— HETEROGYNA.
Family — FORM I CIDjF.
24. Camponotus basabis, Eig. 1.
Eemina. — C. niger, thorace subtus, pedibus abdominisque basi castaneo-rufls.
Shining black ; the anterior margin of the clypeus and the mandibles rufo-pieeous ; the
flagellum of the antennae ferruginous. Thorax ovate ; the mesothorax and scutellum dark
10
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
rufo-fuscous ; beneath, the pro-and metathorax and also the legs castaneo-rufous. Abdomen,
subglobose ; the scale and petiole, and the two basal segments castaneo-rufous, their apical
margins black, the second most broadly so ; beneath, these segments are entirely castaneous.
Female, length 5 lines.
Sab. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
25. Camponotus Bacchus.
Femina. — C. capite abdomineque nigris, metathorace pedibusque pallide ferrugineis.
Formica Bacchus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Pt. YI, Formieidse, p. 2]. $
Gomponotus Bacchus, Mayr, Novara Voy., Form., p. 27.
fervem, Mayr, lib. cit., nee Smith, Cat. Hjm. Ins., p. 241.
In the same bottle in spirit a male ant accompanied the female ; its size and general
appearance justify me in considering it to be the male of C. Bacchus ; it is lines long,
black, with the antennae and legs pale furruginous, the scape being darker than the flagel-
lum ; the mandibles, palpi and post-scutcllum are also pale ferruginous ; the wings flavo-
hyaline ; the nervines pale rufo-testaceous ; the stigma fuscous.
/AA.— Jhilam Yalley, Punjab Hills. Ceylon, Calcutta, and Islands of the Eastern
Archipelago.
This genus is cosmopolitan ; its species are numerous, new kinds occurring in almost
every collection made in little frequented places ; any attempt to calculate the number of
species would be an impossibility; until each species has been collected from its nest, and all
the different kinds of sexes carefully ascertained, the number of specific forms cannot be ascer-
tained; workers of several sizes and forms occur in nests of many species, and if captured
at large, are doubtless described as distinct ; the number of species doubtless amounts to
hundreds.
26. Formica simulata.
Operaria. — F. rufo-ferruginea, Icevissime cinereo-micans ; fronte vertice et abdomine
nigrofuscis ; squama subtriangulariter rotundata, margine supero rotundato ; area
frontali opaca.
The head red, with the vertex and the front, as far as the insertion of the antenna
more or less rufo-fuscous; the clypeus with a longitudinal sharp carina in the middle;
anterior margin rounded and entire ; mandibles ferruginous, with their teeth black ; the
antennae ferruginous, with the flagellum, beyond the third joint, fuscous. Thorax and
legs bright blood-red. Abdomen covered with fine cinereous pile; in some example
fusco-ferruginous at the base ; with a few scattered pale setae ; the scale of the peduncle red,
its superior margin rounded. Worker, length 3 lines.
Sab. — On the road across the Pamir, from Sirikol to Panja ; also at Yarkand ; Apr1
and May.
This species closely resembles the Formica sanguinea of Europe, particularly small
workers of that species ; the specimens were collected in spirit ; therefore it is probable the
entire insect would, when living, be covered with a fine pile.
HYMEN OPTER A.
11
27. Eobmica feateena.
Operaria. — F. rvfo-fusca, sparse pilosula ; mandibulis, antennarum scapis, flagellorum
bast, pedibusque pallide rufescentibus ; area frontali opaca.
The insect covered with a tine grey pile; the anterior part of the head rufo -testaceous,
the mandibles ferruginous; the scape of the antennae and a few of the basal joints of the
flagellum pale ferruginous ; the legs and scale of the peduncle entirely of that colour ;
the scale rounded above. The base of the abdomen in some examples more or less tinged
with ferruginous; the abdomen with a few scattered pale setee. Worker, length 2f to 3 lines.
Sab. — No precise locality indicated.
This species very closely resembles the Formica cunicularia of Europe, hut its pale legs
give it a different aspect.
28. Eobmica defensoe.
Operaria. — F. rufo-ferruginea, Icevissime cinereo-micans ; fronte abdomineque fusco-nigris ;
squama sub triangular iter, margine supero rotundato.
Head, thorax, legs, antennae, and squama rufo-ferruginous ; the apical half of the
flagellum and the front above the insertion of the antennae, fuscous; an impressed line
from the anterior ocellus to the clypeus, the latter with a sharp central carina; the
frontal area opaque ; the teeth of the mandibles black ; the head and the flagellum with
fine cinereous pile.
The abdomen fusco-ferruginous at the base, and the extreme apex pale ferruginous ; the
abdomen covered with a fine cinereous pile; beneath fusco-ferruginous. Worker, length
2f lines.
Sab. — On the road across the Pamir, from Sarikol to Panja. (April and May.)
29. Eobmica Candida.
Eemina. — F. nigra nitidissima ; mandibulis, antennis, pedibusque rufescentibus ; squama
lata, subtriangulariter, margine supra rotundato.
Shining black; the mandibles, antenme, and legs ferruginous; the latter slightly
fuscous above, as are also a few of the apical joints of the flagellum above. The head, the
width of the thorax ; the clypeus with a sharp central carina ; the frontal area semiopaque ;
the mandibles stout, and with longitudinal punctures. The metathorax semiopaque, and
with a fine cinereous pile, which also covers the squama, legs, and thorax on the sides and
beneath. Abdomen oblong-ovate, very smooth and shining, and with a sprinkling of pale
hairs at the apex ; the extreme apex pale testaceous. Eemale, length 3J- lines.
Sab. — On the road across the Pamir, from Sarikol to Panja. (April and May.)
Fatnil y—MYBM ICI DJE, (Sm.)
30. Mvbmica cuesoe.
Eemina. — 31. sordide rubra ; capite thoraceque longitudinaliter striatis ; abdomine fusco-
nigro, nitido ; mandibulis, antennis, pedibusque pallide ferrugineis.
Obscure ferruginous, with the head sometimes nearly black, or with the sides more or
less ferruginous ; the antennae with the scape and a few of the basal joints of the flagellum
12
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
pale ferruginous, the rest fusco-ferruginous ; the head longitudinally hut irregularly striated,
the striae at its sides formed of confluent punctures. Thorax longitudinally striated, oblong-
ovate, and having a longitudinal ferruginous space above, enclosed by a black margin ; the
sides and beneath ferruginous; the metathorax with two short, stout, acute, compressed
spines ; the legs pale ferruginous. Abdomen globose, smooth and shining ; the first node
of the petiole wedge-shaped when viewed sideways, and coarsely rugose, the second node
globose and suh-rugose. The scape of the antennae in this species is bent and slender at the
base as in the M. ruginodis of Europe, which it closely resembles ; it is, however, a rather
smaller insect. Eemale, length 2f lines.
Sab. — No precise locality indicated.
\
31. Myrmica liictitosa.
Mas. — M. niger, nitidiusculus ; mandibnlis, antennis, pedibusque, necnon capite thorace-
que, sordide pallescentibus ; alls hyalinis, nervis rufo-pallidis.
Black ; head and thorax longitudinally striated ; the metatliorax with transverse curved
striae, and with two stout compressed spines, its apex obscurely rufo-piceous ; the club of the
antennae paler than the rest of the antennae. The wings pale fulvo -hyaline and iridescent ;
the stigma and nervures pale ferruginous ; the legs long and slender, with the apical joints of
the tarsi pale testaceous. Abdomen smooth and shining, and with a few scattered pale hairs ;
the nodes of the abdomen rugose, the first oblong, the second globose. Male, length 2f lines.
Sab. — Murree (Mari), Punjab hills.
32. Myrmica breviceps.
Eemina. 31. sordide rubida ; mandibulis, antennis , pedibusque pallide ferrugineis ;
capite tlioraceque longitudinaliter profunde striatis ; abdomine rufo-nigro , nitido.
Rufo-feiTuginous ; the head strongly longitudinally striated; a small smooth shining
space at the base of the clypeus, which is deeply longitudinally grooved ; the mandibles
striated. Thorax above with a black patch on each side of the mesotliorax, and another at
the anterior portion ; the metathoracic spines short, stout and acute. The first node of the
abdomen longitudinally rugose, the second transversely so ; the abdomen smooth and shining*
ferruginous at the base ; the rest dark rufo-fuscous, nearly black, and with scattered erect
pubescence. Eemale, length 2-|- lines.
Sab. — No locality or date.
This insect very closely resembles two or three of the British species, particularly
Myrmica sulcmodis ; its head is, however, shorter than that of the British insect.
33. Crematogaster apicalis.
Eemina. — C. pallide castaneo-ru fas, Icevis, nitidus ; abdomine apicem versus nigrescente >
alls hyalinis.
Rufo-castaneous, smooth, shining and impunctate ; the eyes, margins of the mandibles,
and the anterior margin of the clypeus narrowly black ; the clypeus finely longitudinally
HYMENOPTEEA.
13
striated. The mesothorax with a few longitudinal dark lines ; the scutellum convex, and
rounded behind; the metathorax truncate, not spined, and paler than the mesothorax;
wings clear hyaline, the nervures and stigma pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen oblong-ovate,
the base castaneo-rufous, from thence becoming gradually darker to the apex Pemale
length 3| lines. 1 ‘ ’
Sab. — Jliilam valley, Punjab hills. Taken in July.
34. Dorylus (Typhlopone) l^eviceps, Pig. 2.
Operaria, — T. rufo-testaceus, capite castaneo, mandibulis nigris.
Head 1 oblong, subquadrate, rather wider anteriorly, the flagellum slightly fuscous ;
very smooth and shining, and with a very faintly impressed central longitudinal line,
and also a few delicate scattered punctures. Thorax oblong, divided in the middle by a
transverse suture, flattened above and having a few fine punctures. Abdomen, the node of
the peduncle incrassate, subquadrate above ; oblong-ovate. Worker, length 3 J lines.
Sab. — Jhilam valley. Taken in July.
The insects described under the generic name Typhlopone of Westwood are now dis-
covered to be the workers of Dorylus ; the late Dr. Jerdon observed them issuing from the
nests, in company with males of Dorylus ; Dr. Gerstaecker has described the female of
Dorylus in the Stett. Ent. Zeits. for 1863, under the generic name Dichthadia, pointing out
its affinities of structure with those of the male, upon which the genus was founded ; and
proving demonstratively the affinities of the genera.
35. Mtttilla suspiciosa.
Mutilla suspiciosa, Smith, Joum. Proe. Linn. Soc., II, 84 $ (1857).
Sab. — Jhilam valley. Taken in July.
This species resembles the male of If. sexmaculata, but it differs from it by having the
wings entirely dark brownish-black ; the abdomen is red, with the base and apex black ; it
has been found in Borneo, Batcliian, Celebes, Amboyna, and Bouru.
36. Mutilla sexmaculata, Swederus.
Pemina. — If. nigra, thorace supra rufo, abdomine utrinque serie trium macularum
albidarwm.
Mas. — If. nigra, tliorace antice cinereo, abdomine rufo, basi nigro, alls fuscis basi
hyalinis.
The male of this species was discovered by Sir John Hearsay, who captured the sexes in
eoitu ; it, as well as the female, varies greatly in size. I suspect it is the Mutilla rufogastra
of St. Pargeau.
M. Badoszkovsky, in his Monograph of the Mutillidce of the Old World, says that
the insect I have named M. sexmaculata of Swederus is not that species ; I have care-
fully compared the insect with the descriptions given both by Swederus and by M.
Radoszkovsky, and am quite satisfied that my quotation is correct, although it is said by
14
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
the above author to he synonymous with a species described by him under the name
M. tretraops, with the description of which it in no way agrees.
Tribe— FOSSORES, (Latr.)
Family — SCOLIABjE, (Leach).
37. SCOLIA HAEMORRHOIDALIS.
Scolia haemorrhoidalis, Fabr., Ent. Syst. ii, 230, Syst. Piez., 240.
„ „ Klug, Weber & Mohr, Beitr. i, 24.
„ „ Spin., Ins. Ligur., i, 74.
,, „ Latr., Gen. Crust, et Ins., iv, 105.
,, „ Yand., Lind. Hym., Eur., 18.
,, „ Brail e, Exped. Sc. de Moree, in, 370.
„ ,, St. Farg., Hym., iii, 522.
,, ,, Burm., Mon. Scolia, 18.
„ ,, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Pt. iii, 110.
„ „ Sauss. et Sich., Cat. des Espec. Scol., 50.
Hah. — Erance, Spain, Albania, Hungary, Russia, Siberia, Asia Minor, India. The
locality of Dr. Stoliczka’s specimens has not been recorded.
This insect belongs to the division of the genus in which the anterior wings have three
submarginal cells and one recurrent nervure, and is a “ Triscolia” of Saussure.
Family— POMPILIDM.
38. POMPILTIS ARROGANS.
Eemina. — P. ater, abdominis basi rufo-ferruginea , alls anticis fuscis.
Black ; the head subopaque and finely longitudinally rugulose ; the anterior margin of the
clypeus slightly rounded, the mandibles rufo-piceous at their apex. Thorax slightly shining
above, and having a thin grey sericeous pile ; the metathorax concave in the middle posteriorly ;
the anterior wings fuscous, palest at their base ; the posterior pair hyaline, with their apex
slightly clouded ; the second suhmarginal cell suhquadrate, the third longer than the second
and slightly narrowed towards the marginal cell ; the tarsi thickly spinose, the tibia) with a
few scattered spines ; the tips of the claws of the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen ; the three basal
segments ferruginous, the apical margin of the third and the following segments black.
Eemale, length 6 lines.
Hab. — Dras, Kargil, and Leh, in Ladak. Taken in August and September.
39. POMPILUS ATRIPES.
Eemina. — P. niger ; abdomine ferrugineo , apice nigro ; alis fuscis ; antennis crassis.
Black ; the head smooth and shining, very finely punctured ; the antennae much thicker in
the middle than is usual in the genus. Thorax finely pilose, shining and finely punctui
HYMENOPTERA.
15
above ; the posterior margin of the prothorax angulated ; the metathorax smooth and shining,
with a central impressed line not quite extending to the apex ; wings fuscous, clearer towards
their base ; legs entirely black, as are also the spines and calcaria that arm the tibise at their
apex ; tibiae only very slightly spinose. Abdomen smooth and shining ; the three basal segments
ferruginous. Eemale, length 3j- lines.
Sab. — Murree, Punjab hills.
10. POMPILUS DIVISUS.
Mas. — P. niger, abdominis segmento secundo tertioque ferrugineis ; alls subhyalinis.
Black ; the head and thorax slightly pubescent, shining and punctured ; the antennae
obscurely fulvous beneath beyond the third or fourth joints. The posterior margin of the
prothorax rounded ; the metathorax, with four longitudinal carinae, two lateral and two approxi-
mating in the middle, strongly punctured ; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous ;
the tibiae and tarsi ferruginous, the former slightly fuscous above, as are also the apical joints
of the posterior tarsi. Abdomen shining, the second and third segments ferruginous, and more
distinctly punctured than the following ones, which are very smooth and shining ; the apex
rufo-fuscous. Male, length 4 lines.
Sab. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
41. Priocnemis rufo-femoratus.
Eemina. — P. niger, abdominis basi rufo ; femoribus posticis rubris ; alis apicibus fuscis,
puncto albo ornatis.
Black ; the head slightly shining, and, as well as the mesothorax, very finely and very
closely punctured ; the metathorax with a central longitudinal impressed line not quite
extending to the apex, and having a fine transverse striation ; the wings fusco-hyaline, darkest
in the middle of the anterior wings, which have beyond the third submarginal cell a large
hyaline spot ; the posterior margin of the prothorax angular ; the posterior femora bright
ferruginous, the tibiae serrated exteriorly. Abdomen bright ferruginous to the apex of the
third segment ; the rest black. Eemale, length 4 lines.
Sab. — Dras, Kargil, and Leh, in Ladak.
This species in general aspect exactly resembles Priocnemis agilis of Europe, but its
transversely striated metatliorax distinguishes it from that species.
42. Mygnimia aeecto.
Eemina. — If. nigra, alis nigro-fuscis violaceoque splendide micantibus.
Black ; the abdomen shining, covered with a changeable violet and purple pile observable
in certain lights ; the clypeus emarginate ; the mandibles shining, their apex rufo-piceous.
Thorax ; the posterior margin of the prothorax arched ; the sides of the metathorax rounded,
16
SECOND YAEKAND MISSION.
its apex obliquely truncate ; the coxae greatly enlarged ; wings dark blackish-brown, with a
purple gloss. Abdomen smooth and shining. Female, length 10 lines.
Sab. — Yangiliissar, Eastern Turkestan. Taken in April.
The Ponipilidce are found in all parts of the globe ; little short of five hundred species
belonging to the various genera of which the family is composed have been enumerated.
Family — SPHEGIDM.
43. Ammophila spinipes.
Femina. — A. nigra, alis fulvo-hyalmis, meiathorace rugoso, abdomme antice rufo.
Black ; the head wider than the thorax, shining and strongly punctured ; the mandibles
with a ferruginous spot in the middle, the palpi rufo-piceous. Thorax ; the pro and meso-
thorax shining and strongly punctured, as well as the scutellum ; the mesothorax with a deeply
impressed line in the middle anteriorly, extending to the middle of the disk ; the metathorax
opaque and rugulose ; wings fulvo-hyaline, the apical margins with a slight fuscous cloud ;
the nervures and stigma ferruginous ; the teguhe rufo-piceous ; the tibia? and tarsi thickly
spinose, the claws of the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen ; the first, second, third and base of the
fourth segment of the abdomen ferruginous; the petiole not quite as long as the first
segment. Eemale, length 8 lines.
II ab. — Dr as, Kargil, and Leh, in Ladak. Taken in August and September.
This genus is one of universal distribution ; about eighty species are described ; some
twenty species are found in Europe, and about the same number are at present known from
Africa ; twelve are described from India ; North and South America both possess numerous
species, but only three or four have been brought from Australia.
Family — LI BBIDJE.
44. Larrada aurttlenta.
Sphex aurnlenia, Fabr., Fnt. Syst., ii, 213, 5 .
Fompilns auratus, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Supp., 250.
Li fin aurata, Fabr., Syst. Piez., 228.
„ „ Dablb., Hym. Europ., i, 135.
Tachytes opulenta, St. Farg., Hym., iii, 246.
Lyrops auratus, Guer., Icon. Reg. Anim., iii, 440.
Larrada aurulenta, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., pt. iv ; Sphegidse, Lari'idse and Crabronidm, p. 27 6.
Sab. — Yangiliissar, in Eastern Turkestan; also Madras, Bombay (India); China;
Philippines; Sumatra; Borneo; Java; Celebes; Bachian ; Bouru.
This genus is widely distributed ; Europe has five species at present known ; others
are found in India, China, Borneo, in most of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, N('V
Guinea and Australia ; species also occur in Africa ; others are found both in N orth and
South America.
1
HYMENOPTERA.
17
Tribe— DIPLOPTERA.
Family — E UMENIDJE.
45. Pterochilus albo-fasciattjs, Pig. 12.
Eemina. — P. niger, capite thoraceque albo-variegatis%, abdominis segmentis albo-margmatis
Black; head as wide as the thorax, strongly and closely punctured; the clypeus
porrect and rugosely punctate, its anterior margin truncate ; the mandibles tridentate, the
teeth obscurely rufo-piceous ; a small subovate white spot above the eyes on the vertex.
The prothorax white above; the mesothorax and scutellum coarsely punctured; a white
line crosses the post-scutellum and curves up towards the insertion of the posterior wings,
which are fusco-hyaline and darkest along the foreborder of the anterior pair; legs black.
Abdomen subovate ; the basal segment campanulate and having a broad white fascia on its
apical margin, which is slightly notched in the middle ; the second segment has also a broad
fascia, which is curved up laterally towards the base of the segment ; the three following
segments have each a similar broad white fascia. Ecmale, length 5J lines.
Hab. — Yangihissar, Eastern Turkestan. Taken in April.
This is a genus of small extent ; about twenty species are described ; it occurs in Europe,
a single species being found in Russia, another in Germany, and one in Switzerland ; species
have been found in Algeria, the Cape of Good Hope, Chili, and the United States.
Family — VESPIDJE,
46. Polistes chinensis, Eabr.
Polistes chinensis, Fabr., Syst. Piez., 270.
„ „ Sauss., Mon. Guepes Soc., 56, tab. 7, fig. 2.
Bab. — Neighbourhood of Yarkand. Taken in May. Hong-Kong; Shanghai.
Specimens from Yarkand are frequently more marked with yellow spots than any
I have seen from China, whilst others exactly resemble Chinese ones, which do not appear
ever to have any yellow spots on the mesothorax, which the Indian examples usually have-
The genus Polistes is cosmopolitan, but no species has been found in the United Kingdom;
species occur in South Europe, in India, China, Borneo, in the Islands of the Eastern
Archipelago, in Africa, Australia and Tasmania, Brazil, Central America, Mexico, and North
America ; from seventy to eighty species are known
47. Vespa germanica.
Vespa germanica, Fabr., Syst, Piez., 256.
„ „ Pauz., Faun. Germ., 49, 20, $ .
„ „ St. Farg., Hym., i, 515.
„ „ Ratz., Forst. Ins., Bd. iii, 51.
„ „ Smith, Zool., ix., Append, clxxvii.
„ ,, Sauss., Mon. Guepes Soc., 116, pt. xiv, fig. 4.
Hab. — Europe. Pound at Sanju, and in its neighbourhood ; also at Yangihissar, Eastern
Turkestan.
18
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
No specific difference can be found that will separate this insect from the European species ;
the sexual organs of the male are precisely the same as those of V. germanica. About fifty
species of this genus are known ; they are widely distributed, and are insects that are
almost universally known. Twelve species inhabit Europe ; twenty are Asiatic, and ten are
found in Mexico and North America.
Family— TENTHREDINIDA3.
48. Hylotoma pumipennis.
Eemina. — A. corpore'flavo ; capite, antennis, tarsisque nigris ; alisfuscis.
Head shining black, antennae pubescent ; abdomen paler than the thorax ; wings fuscous
and iridescent, nervures and stigma blackish-brown ; the legs pubescent, the coxae and femora
reddish-yellow, the tibiae fuscous, the tarsi black. Eemale, length 3J lines.
Sab. — Jhilam valley, Punjab hills. Taken in August.
49. All ant us pro vidus.
Eemina. — A. niger , capite thoraceque opacis, abdomine nitido-, tibiis, femoribus posticis
ferrugineis.
Head and thorax opaque, and covered with strong confluent punctures ; wings sub-
hyaline, and having a fuscous cloud on the anterior pair that occupies the two marginal and
four submarginal cells ; the stigma and nervures black ; the posterior femora and tibiffi
pale ferruginous ; the anterior femora towards their apex, and the tibiae in front, pale ;
abdomen glossy black. Eemale, length 6 lines.
Sab. — Murree, Punjab hills.
50. Allantus multicolor.
Eemina. — -A. capite thoraceque cupreo-nigris , abdomine purpureo, corpore fiavo-macnlato.
Head and thorax obscure brassy -black ; abdomen dark purple above ; the entire body
yellow beneath, the legs black with yellow markings. Head semiopaque, the cheeks, clypeus,
and mandibles testaceous-yellow; the teeth of the latter acute and black. Thorax
semiopaque; the scutellum, tegulse, and costal nervure, and the cell, yellow ; the wings hyaline
and iridescent ; the stigma and nervures blackish-brown ; the anterior and intermediate cox©
and femora yellow beneath ; the tibiae and tarsi yellow, the former with a dark stain at
or near their apex ; the posterior coxae beneath and the basal half of the tibiae yellow-
Abdomen ; the lateral margins of the second segment, the apical, as well as the lateral
margins of the third segment, yellow ; the sixth, seventh and eighth segments narrowly
yellow. Eemale, length 6 lines.
Sab. — Murree, Punjab hills.
This species resembles Allantus flavomaculatus of Cameron, described in the “ Transac-
tions of the Entomological Society of London’' for 1876, but it is rather smaller ; the femora
are black, and the abdomen has a purple tinge.
HYMENOPTERA.
51. Allantus simillimus.
19
Eemina . A. . mget j a bdom inis cd ig u 1 o basali Jlttt'o, tibiis tarsisque patHde J'emiy i ne is,
alls Jlavo-hyalinis, antice fuscis.
The scape of the antennae, the following joint, the labrum, mandibles, and palpi pale
yellow. Thorax ; the posterior margin of the prothorax slightly interrupted in the middle,
pale yellow ; the wings pale fulvo-hyaline, a slight fuscous cloud occupying the marginal
cell and extending a little beyond into the submarginal cells ; the costa and stigma fulvous,
the nervures ferruginous ; the coxae black, the legs pale ferruginous, with the femora black
above. Abdomen with a whitish fascia at the base ; the fourth and fifth segments with
their apical margins narrowly whitish ; the two apical segments with their margins more
broadly yellowish white. Eemale, length 4f lines.
Sab. — Murree, Punjab lulls.
The species resembles Allantus troclianterinus of Cameron, described in the “ Transac-
tions of the Entomological Society” for 1876, but it differs from it in having the scape pale,
independently of other differences.
52. Allantus terminalis.
Mas. — A. capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine purpureo nitido.
Head emarginate behind, covered with confluent punctures and subopaque ; the man-
dibles, labrum, and clypeus, also a triangular space above it, and a narrow line round the
lower margins of the eyes, white; the antenna; fulvous beneath. Thorax black above and at
the sides ; beneath, the anterior and intermediate legs beneath and also the posterior coxae
beneath, white ; wings hyaline, their nervures black. Abdomen purple above ; the margins
of the segments beneath white laterally. Male, length 4 lines.
Sab. Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
53. Macrophya opposita.
Eemina. — M. nigra , capite thoraceque opacis, abdomine nitido , pedibus anticis pallidis.
Black ; the head wider than the thorax, covered with confluent punctures and opaque ;
the clypeus, mandibles, and labrum white ; the palpi testaceous ; the antennae fulvous beneath.
Thorax opaque and punctured, the same as the head ; wings fuscous, with a violet iridescence,
the nervures and stigma black ; the anterior and intermediate tibiae rufo-testaceous beneath.
Abdomen shining black. Eemale, length 5 lines.
Sab. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
54. Tenthredo simulata.
Eemina. — T. nigra, abdominis medio, et tibiis tarsisqv>e pallide ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis,
nermris stigmatibusque nigris.
Black ; the clypeus, labrum, and mandibles pale reddish-yellow ; the teeth of the
latter black; the antennae obscurely fulvous beneath. Thorax; the wings hyaline and
20
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
iridescent, the nervurcs and stigma black ; the tibiae and tarsi reddish-yellow, the coxae
spotted with yellow. Abdomen ; the three basal segments black above ; the four following
segments reddish-yellow, the rest black. Eemale, length 5 lines.
j lab. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
55. Tenthredo eallax.
Eemina. — T. luteo-testacea ; vertice , antennarumque basi maculis nigris ; ctlis hyalinis.
Pale ochraceous-yellow ; the abdomen with a slight silky gloss ; a minute black spot
on the scape, another on the basal joint of the flagellum, and an oblong black macula
on each side of the ocelli on the vertex ; the wings hyaline and iridescent ; the nervures
fuscous, the stigma and costal nervure testaceous. Eemale, length 5 lines.
Hab. — Sind valley, Kashmir, and Murree, Punjab hills. Taken in August.
56. Tenthredo nigro-maculatus.
Eemina. — T. lute a ; capitis vertice thoracisque maculis dorsalibus, necnon abdominis tinea
interrnpta nigris ; alls hyalinis.
The insect pale luteous ; the antennae black above, with the apex of the joints, the
scape beneath, and the flagellum beneath beyond the third joint, luteous; the inner
margin of the eyes near their summit, and a large spot on the vertex, enclosing the eyes,
black. Thorax ; a triangular black spot anteriorly, an oblong one on each side opposite the
tegulae, and an oblique one on each side behind them ; the wings hyaline with the nervures
fuscous ; the costal nervures and the stigma pale testaceous ; the legs with a narrow black
line above. The longitudinal black line on the abdomen above is slightly interrupted by a
very narrow pale margin on each segment ; the entire insect pale luteous and immaculate
beneath. Eemale, length 4 lines.
Hab. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
This insect closely resembles the Tenthredo sc alar is of Europe, and probably, when
living, is green marked with black ; the European insect changes, more or less, from green
to pale yellow, particularly when collected in spirit.
Family. — ICIINK UMONILJE.
57. Ichneumon bimaculatus.
Eemina. — I. niger ; pedibus, abdominis segmentis tribus basalibus ferrugineis ; metathorace
bimaculato ferrugineo.
Black ; the basal half of the antennae pale ferruginous ; a line on the face close to
the inner margin of the eyes, which is narrow above the insertion of the antennae, and
which expands into a large macula below it, a transverse line on the clypeus, and the
mandibles, ferruginous. Thorax ; two oblong spots on the mesothorax, a minute one on
the scutellum, the tibiae and tarsi, ferruginous ; the posterior tibiae fuscous at their apex ;
HYMEXOPTEEA.
21
wings subliyaline and iridescent ; the nervures and stigma black. The three basal seg-
ments of the abdomen ferruginous, the rest shining black. Eemale, length 5 lines.
Sab. — Murree, Punjab hills.
58. Cryptus insidiator.
Eemina. — C. niger , abdominis basi femoribusque rufis, a Us fusco - hy alinis .
Head, antennae, thorax, coxae, trochanters, tibiae and tarsi black ; the femora and
three basal segments of the abdomen ferruginous ; the apical segments black, with a purple
gloss ; the wings fiisco- hyaline, the anterior pair darkest ; the metathorax truncate
posteriorly, the margin of the truncation somewhat arched inwardly ; the lateral angles acute,
or subdentate. Eemale, length lines ; of the ovipositor, 4 lines.
Sab. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
59. Campoplex longipes.
Eemina. — C. niger, abdomine pedibiisque ferrugineis, scutello albo.
Black ; a line at the inner orbits of the eyes below the insertion of the antennae ; the
clypeus and mandibles yellowish- wliite, the latter ferruginous at their apex ; the antennae
ferruginous. The thorax opaque, with the scutellum white ; wings hyaline and iridescent ;
the nervures and tegulse ferruginous ; the costal nervure fuscous ; the legs ferruginous with
the coxae, and trochanters black; the apex of the posterior tibiae fuscous. Abdomen
ferruginous, curved downwards, and petiolated ; a black spot on the petiolated segment near
its apex ; the ovipositor ferruginous. Eemale, length 5 lines.
Sab. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
60. Paniscus unicolor.
Eemina. — P. ferrugineus , antennarum apicibus fuscis.
Ferruginous ; the eyes, ocelli, and apical portion of the antennae fuscous ; the claws of
the tarsi black ; wings hyaline and iridescent ; the costal nervure and stigma pale ferruginous,
the other nervures ferruginous. Abdomen falcate, smooth, and shining. The areolet of
anterior wings oblique and triangular. Eemale, length 5 lines.
Sab. — Murree, Punjab hills.
61. Paniscus quadrilineatus.
Eemina. — P. rufus , capite tliorace dorso quadrilineaio.
Antennae, thorax, and legs rufo-fulvous ; the abdomen rufo-ferruginous. The head
yellow, fulvous behind ; eyes and ocelli black. Thorax smooth and shining, two longitudinal
tines on the disk of the mesothorax and a line at the lateral margins, yellowish ; the
scutellum triangular, with its margins raised ; wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures
•
22
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
ferruginous, the stigma yellow. Abdomen darker than the thorax, becoming fusco-ferru-
ginous towards the apex. Eemale, length 7 lines.
Hab. — Neighbourhood of Yarkand. Taken in May.
The yellow markings are much brighter in some examples than in others, and the
abdomen also varies in brightness.
62. OrnioN dentattjs.
Eemina. — 0. rnfus, metathorace lineis elevatis transversis, lateribusque unidentatis.
Pale ferruginous ; eyes, ocelli, and tips of the mandibles black ; wings hyaline and
iridescent ; the mesotliorax smooth and shining, the metathorax with two arcuate transverse
carinse, the second being at the margin of the posterior truncation and terminating laterally in
an acute angle or tooth. Abdomen falcate, smooth, shining, and with a fine short
sericeous pubescence, or pile. Eemale, length 8 lines.
Hab. — Sind valley, Kashmir. Taken in August.
63. Ophion ALBOPICTTJS.
Eemina. — 0. rnfus , capite, scutello, lineis 4 clorsalibus maculisque lateralibus ctlbis.
Head white ; eyes and ocelli black, the antennse and mandibles, rufous. Thorax rufous ;
two central longitudinal lines, the lateral margins, the scutellum and numerous spots
on the sides beneath the wings, white ; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures
ferruginous, the stigma pale rufous. Abdomen rufous, with some pale whitish spots at the
sides toward? the apex ; the two basal segments beneath white. Eemale, length 6 lines.
Hab.— Neighbourhood of Yarkand. Taken in May.
HYM E NOPTER A.
E . A . Smith, del et sculp at .
1. Carnponotas "ba-salis. (Smith)
2. Darylus lasviceps.
3. Andrena farniliaris.
4. ■ flcncula.
5. Lamprocolletes peregrinus. "
6. Osmia laboriosa.
Minterm Bros imp.
7. Anthidium vigilans. (Smith.)
8. Crocisa intrudens. ’
9. Xylocopa dubiosa.4 ’
10. " * . *
11. Bombus oppo situs. ’’
12. PLerochilus aLbo-fasciatus.
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION;
ROBERi IVi C 1/ A U M X; A IN , JT.it.Ci., F.Ai.S.
flublioheb bo other of the dobetnment of Inbio.
CALCUTTA :
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING.
1878.
BASED UPON THE COLLECTIONS AND NOTES
OF THE LATE
FERDINAND STOLICZKA, PhD.
CAXCUTTA s
PRINTED BY TUB STTPERINTENDENT OP GOVERNMENT PRINTING,
8, HASTINGS STREET.
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
NEUEOPTERA.
By ROBERT McLACHLAN, E.R.S., E.L.S.
PSEUDO-NEUROPTERA.
Family — OB ON A TA.
Sub-Fam. — Libellulina.
Libel lula quadeimactjlata, L.
Two males of rather small size (expanse of wings 65 — 69 mm,.), from Yarkand, 22nd
May ; indicated as “ very common on the jheel (marsh).” Both pertain to the var. prcenubila,
N ewman, in which the apex of the wings has a fuscous spot or band ; also 1 male and 1 female
of the typical form from Yangiliissar, in April.
The insect is spread over all the temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere,
and is occasionally of migratory habits.
Sub-Fam. — .ZEschnina.
Anax pabthenope, De Selys.
One $ from Srinagar, 28th July.
A widely-distributed, hut probably not very abundant, species. In Europe it extends
northward to Paris, and is found also in Central Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Turkey,
&c. ; also in Asia Minor and Western Turkestan, and in Algeria.
This female has the wings tinged with smoky in the middle, as in the form from Algeria.
2
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Sul) -lam. — Agiiionina.
Sympycna fusca, Yan der Linden.
One ? from Yangihissar, 18th April,
Occurs also over the greater part of Europe (but not in the British Isles), and in Siberia,
Asia Minor, Western Turkestan, Algeria and Morocco.
Agrion ptjlchellitm, Yan der Linden.
5 $ and 4 $ from Yarkand, 22nd May.
Distributed over the greater part of Europe ; occurs also in Asia Minor, Mingrelia, and
Western Turkestan.
There is also (in spirits) a larva of some species of Libellulidce, together with larva and
‘ nymphs ’ of a species of Agrionidce, all from Yarkand, taken in November.
Family — UP HEM ERIBjE.
Ephemera, sp.
There is a fragment of a male imago of a species of this genus in spirits, from the
Jhelum valley, not determinable.
Family — PERLIDJE.
Of this family there are B males and 1 female of a large species of Perla, and four or
five of a small species (with two ocelli) in spirits, from the Jhelum valley — from Kohala to
Baramula; a small pinned Per la (nearly destroyed) from Tankse, Pankong valley, to Chagra,
and a Nemoura, in spirits, from Murree, in the Punjab.
It is useless to attempt to describe these with any chance of success. The ? of the large
Perla (in very bad condition) has a deep triangular notch on the margin of the egg-valve ;
the head and thorax without markings.
PLANIPENNIA.
Family — MYRMEIEONIDJE.
Myrmegelurus punctulatus, Steven.
One 2 from Leh, 6th September.
Occurs also in Hungary and South Russia. The example from Leh does not materially
differ from others in my collection from Sarepta. Possibly the black markings on the head
and thorax (always variable) are rather less pronounced.
Family— C1IR YSOPIDM
Chrysopa vulgaris, Schneider.
One ? from Ighiz \ ur, Eastern Turkestan, 18th May, appears to belong here.
It differs from ordinary examples in the dividing veinlet of the third cubital cellule in
the anterior wings being interstitial ; but this is a not infrequent aberration in European
examples.
NEUROPTERA.
3
The species is of very wide distribution in Europe, and is also known from Asia Minor
and Western Turkestan. I have seen individuals from the islands of Madeira and St. Helena
that did not appear to differ.
Chrysopa bipunctata, Burmeister.
One example, either from Yarkand or Kugiar, appears to pertain to this Japanese species,
which is probably nothing more than a local form of the common European C. septempunc-
tata, Wesmael.
Chrysopa, sp.
One 6 from Karghalik near Yarkand, 29th May.
Allied to C. vulgaris, hut distinct. It would be injudicious to describe it as new from
this single example, especially as it belongs to a section of the genus in which the characters
are so little obvious.
TRICHOPTERA.
Family — L IMNOPHIIIDJB.
Stenophylax micraulax, n. sp.
3 £ , 4 $ , Leh,’ in August.
Brownish-testaceous above, yellowish-testaceous beneath. Head small ; eyes very pro-
minent ; ocelli very large, those of the disk encircled with fuscous, with which colour the anterior
margins of the disk are bordered ; hairs blackish ; the posterior warts not prominent : on the
face the raised lateral margins have two large, oval, prominent warts, furnished with blackish
hairs, and there are four smaller warts forming the comers of a quadrangle on the median
portion ; labrum very long (for the genus) ; maxillary palpi ordinary, the basal joint very
short, the two others ( 6 ) gradually clavate ; a large and prominent triangular horny lobe
at the base of the maxillae ; labial palpi small, the second joint broadly triangular. Antennae
rather shorter than the wings, moderately slender, testaceous, with rather broad, brownish
annulations on the upper side. Pronotum well developed, its anterior edge semi-circular
with a median excision ; the disk is concave, but the edges are thickened and raised and
clothed with long fuscous hairs. Meso- and metanota broadly fuscous or blackish at the
sides. Legs testaceous, moderately stout ; spines deep black ; anterior and intermediate tibise
with a conspicuous fuscous semi-annulation in the middle and at the apex externally ; tarsal
joints slightly fuscescent at the tips externally. Abdomen fuscescent above, testaceous
beneath. Anterior wings broad, the apex elongately parabolic or elliptical : pale brownish-
grey 'with numerous very indistinct paler spots, the membrane very finely granulose, with
minute fuscous hairs ; the hairs on the neuration short and fine, fuscous ; in the narrow area
below the inferior branch of the upper cubitus, and in the post-costal basal cellules and area,
are longer black hairs arranged somewhat in tufts, and at the extreme base are a few longer
brown erect bans : the costal margin (in the t only) near the base is turned under for a
space of about 4 mm., forming a deep narrow groove on the under side, filled with black
hairs and conspicuously dark : neuration rather strong, testaceous ; radius sharply bent
4
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Stenophylax micraulax, McLacklan, male.
Fig. 1.
Neuration of wings.
Groove in costa of anterior wings, more enlarged.
Apex of abdomen, from side.
before its termination ; discoidal cell extending to near the base of the wing, its upper edge
nearly straight, the lower slightly curved; all the apical cellules broad at the base, the
2nd very broad, truncate, 4th also truncate, 3rd bi-angulate. Posterior wings pale greyish
sub-hyaline, with sparse, minute blackish hairs on the membrane ; neuration pale ; discoidal
cell rather shorter than in the anterior ; 1st apical cellule much narrower than the 2nd to
4th, which are very broad ; upper branch of cubitus furcating about on a level with the
middle of the discoidal cell.
In the male the anal parts are arranged as follows The 8th dorsal segment is very large,
testaceous, rather thickly clothed with long and
strong testaceous hairs springing from small
tubercles ; viewed from above its margin appears
to be straight, with several strong testaceous
spines in the middle placed closely together ; but
viewed in front (or from beneath) the median
portion is seen to be strongly turned under,
forming a triangle, closely set with black tuber-
cles. What appear to be superior appendages are
band-shaped, flattened, slightly curved, truncate
processes, little prominent, and inserted so far
inf eriorly as to cause a doubt as to their true
value. (It may be that they represent the inter-
mediate appendages, and that the superior are
only indicated by a tubercle projecting slightly beyond the margin above them). The 8th
ventral segment is rounded on the margin, and from it proceed two short, broad, excessively
hairy lobes, divided by a suture, and each excised on its margin, apparently belonging to the
Dtli ventral segment ; internally each of these lobes is very concave, and lying in them 'are
what appear to be the very short obtuse inferior appendages. What appear to be the penis-
sheaths are sub-cylindrical processes, curved strongly inward in a forcipate manner and nearly
touching at the tips, which are somewhat thickened, blackish, and furnished with short spines.
The penis lies between them, and is strong and rather short.
In the female the apex of the abdomen is very obtuse. The 8th dorsal segment broad (con-
cealing the 9th in the dry insect), its margin slightly rolled inwards, and fringed with yellow
hairs , the 7th ventral segment forms a kind of pouch, the 8th with a concave space, 9th in
the form of a short open tube.
Length of body £ 11 — 12 mm., ? 12-
breadth of anterior wings g 6^ mm., 9 7 mm.
Pending the discovery of some method for satisfactorily dividing Stenophylax, this insect
must be placed therein. It differs from any species known to me in the curious groove near
the base of the costal margin in the anterior wings of the male, and also in the anal parts,
which almost defy intelligible description.
The external aspect is somewhat intermediate between the groups of which the European
S. stellatus and S. concentricus are representatives.
Platypuvlax, n. sp.
Two females from the same locality as the last ; it is useless to describe them without
more examples in better condition, and of the other sex.
-13 mm. Expanse £ 36 mm., 9 44 mm. ; greatest
NEUROPTERA.
5
Family — SERICOSTOMATIDJU.
Dinarthrtjm inerme, n. sp.
10 $ , 4 ? , the latter in spirits, Leh, 7th September.
Male brownish, clothed with greyish-brown pubescence. Basal joint of antennae rather
longer than the head and entire thorax united, its basal portion black, but the apical portion
brown ; somewhat compressed laterally, nearly straight, but with a slight bend in the basal
portion to about the middle, unarmed, but the basal half beneath has a very dense fringe of
thickened black hairs ; this portion above, and all the apical half, are furnished with long out-
standing grey hairs : thread of the antenna: longer than the wings, pale-yellow, very distinctly
annulated with brown up to the tips. Maxillary palpi long and slender, with a small ter-
minal joint ; the basal portion clothed with long and dense thickened 1 and ordinary grey
hairs, intermingled (but with no short ‘ scales ’), the terminal joint with ordinary hairs only.
Labial palpi small and slender, pale-yellowish. Legs pale yellow. Anterior wings greyish ;
the costal margin for more than half its length from the base lias a very dense inturned
fringe of thickened blackisli-grey hairs; the membrane lightly clothed with short greyish
pubescence, and with numerous small, deep, black ‘scales’; but there is a broad median
longitudinal space free from ‘ scales,’ limited inferiorly by a narrow groove extending from
base to apex ; apical fringes greyish, very long on the apical portion of the inner margin :
neuration pale ; discoidal cell short ; nerves very irregular below the groove, forming large
cellules. Posterior wings slightly paler than the anterior, with a few scattered black
‘ scales ’ on the costal portion, but otherwise with only slight and very short greyish pubes-
cence ; fringes very long and greyish ; discoidal cell very short.
The 9th dorsal segment of the abdomen rather broad, brown, its margin produced in
a triangular form, fringed with yellowish hairs ; from each side of it proceeds a large yellow
triangular plate with the apex considerably produced and sub-acute, apparently connected
with two yellowish median parts, little prominent, and separated one from the other. In-
Dinarthrum inerme, MeLaelilan, male.
Fig. 1. Head, &c., from side.
2. Neuration of wings.
3. Apex of abdomen, above.
4. Apex of abdomen, from side.
1 Under the microscope, with a high power, each of these thickened hairs has a peculiar rugose appearance.
6
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
ferior appendages long ancl stout, slightly curved, directed upward, yellow with concolorous
hairs ; at the apex is a dense brush of spiniform yellow hairs, perhaps concealing a smaller
apical joint ; from without this brush projects a flattened obtuse process, perhaps connected
with the appendage, or perhaps distinct from it, and for its greater length lying in its
concave inner side. Penis placed far internally, slender, slightly geniculate, yellow.
In the ? the neuration and palpi are regular, and in details almost precisely as in
D. pugnax ( vide my Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Eauna).
Length of body 5| — 6 mm. Length of basal joint of antennse 3 mm. Expanse
18 — 21 mm.
The genus Dinarthrum was established by me in the Journal of the Linncean Society ,
Zoology, vol. xi, p. 116 (1871), for an insect from North India described as D.ferox,xn
which the extraordinary basal joint of the antennas of the $ has a very strong basal tooth.
Later on, in 1875, I described another species in the Neuroptera of Eedtschenko’s Travels in
Turkestan, page 30 (and more recently in Part Y of my Monographic Revision and Synopsis of
the Trichoptera of the European Eauna, page 279, pi. xxx, 1877), as I), pugnax, in which the
said joint has two such teeth. In I). inerme there is no tooth. All the species hear consider-
able external resemblance one to the other, and are only separable by structural characters.
The form is very curious, and as is usual in this section of Sericoslomatidce, the sexes differ
greatlyin appearance and structure : the nearest ally amongst true European insects is the
genus Lasiocephala.
SUMMARY.
Only about 15 species of Neuroptera (in the broad sense) have been seen by me, viz.,
four species of Odonata (dragon-flies), one of Ephemericlce, three of Perl idee, one of
Myrmeleonidce, three of Chrysopidce, and three of Trichoptera.
The general aspect is European. All the Odonata are European, and two of them
occur in Britain. The ant-lion {Myrmeccelurus) is a species of Eastern Europe. The
Chrysopidce have nothing peculiar about them. The genus Dinarthrum in the Trichoptera
was orginally founded on an Indian species, but I have since seen another species from
Turkestan, so that the genus should probably be regarded as more Central Asian than Indian.
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION;
BASED UPON THE COLLECTIONS AND NOTES
OP THE LATE
FERDINAND STOLICZKA, PhD.
RHYNCHOTA,
BY
W. L. DISTANT.
fhtblishcb bn other of the dobernmcnt of Inbht.
CALCUTTA :
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING
1879.
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SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
RHYNCHOTA:
By W. L. DISTANT.
The Hcmiptera collected by Dr. Stoliczka, though not numerous, are interesting in the
details of their geographical distribution, and conform, I believe, in that respect, to the
other portions of the fauna of the districts traversed by the expedition. Two faunas are
represented in the collection, one the Indian or Oriental, rather strongly by the insects
collected at Murree, the remaining Ilemiptera from the other localities being almost wholly
I’akearctic.
The following is the analysis of the portion of the collection obtained at Murree :
Dalpada confusa, n. sp.
tecta. Walk.
Palomena viridissima, Poda .
reutcri, n. sp. .
Bagrada picta, Fab.
Menida distincta, n. sp.1 .
Prionaca exempta, Walk.
Acanthosoma proxima, Dali.
A. forfex, Dali.
A, aspera, Walk.
Urostylis fumigata, Walk. var.
Cletus punctiger, Dali. var.
Lygceus ( Spiloslelh us) militaris,
Fab
Arocatus pibsulus, n. sp.
Phytocoris stoliczTcanus, n. sp.2 .
Calocoris sloliczlcanus, a. sp.
forsythi, a. sp. .
JEuacanlhus extrema. Walk.
A genus belonging principally to the Indian region, extending to Java and the
Philippines, but represented also in Madagascar.
Eastern Bengal Province (Blanford).
Palsearctic.
The genus extends to the Japanese sub-region of the Palsearctic region.
Indian Province (Blanford). Palsearctic, Persian sub-region.
Genus represented chiefly in Indian and Ethiopian regions, and by one species
in the Japanese sub-region of the Palsearctic.
Eastern Bengal Province (Blanford).
■ ? type collected by General Hardwicke (no
locality).
? Northern India P (Brit. Mas.).
?
Indian region.
Palsearctic and Indian regions.
Genus represented in Palaearctic, Indian, and Australian regions.
Genus Palsearctic.
Eastern Bengal Province (Blanford),? N. ^ndia (Brit. Mus).
’ This species was also collected in the Sind Valley.
1 This species was also collected in the Jhelam and Sind Valleys.
2
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
The strong Indian affinities of these 18 species collected at Murree may be seen as
under: —
Common to Indian Region ...... 9
,, Indian and Palsearctie Regions . . .2
„ Indian, Ethiopian, and Palsearctie . . . 1
„ „ Indian, Australian, and Palsearctie . . . 1
,, Palsearctie . . . . . .5
18 species.
In discussing the Indian relationship of the Hemipterous fauna, I have followed the sub-
regions or provinces of Mr. Blanford (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th Ser., Yol. 18, pp. 280 — 2,
1876). As regards the sub-regions of the Palsearctie area, I shall prefer to follow Mr. Sclater
(Address Biol. Sec. Brit. Assn., Bristol, 1875).
The following are the 13 species which are also found in the Cis-Atlantean or Mediter-
ranean sub-region : —
Zicrona ccerulea, Lin.
Carpocoris nigricornis, Fab.
Dolycoris baccarum, Lin. .
Dwrydema f estiva, Lin.
Com pt o pus lateralis, Germ.
Therapha hyoscyami, Lin. .
lyg. (Spilostethus) militaris, Fab.
saxatilis, Scop.
(Graptolomus) equestris, Lin.
Gonianotus marginepunctatus, W olfi
Coriscus ferus, Lin. .
Notonecta glauca, Lin.
Corisa geoffroyi, Leacb
The following 4 species have been recorded from the sub-region of the Atlantic Islands,
principally from Madeira and Teneriffe : —
Dolycoris baccarum, Lin. . . . , Sind Valley, Kashmir.
Comptopus lateralis. Germ. . . .
lyg. (Spilostethus) militaris, Fab. . . Murree, Punjab Mils.
Gonianotus marginepunctatus, Wolff. . . Pamir road, Sarikol to Panja.
This list is, however, very poor and inadequate, owing to the little knowledge we yet pos-
sess as to the Hemiptera of the Atlantic Islands. It would be futile to carry the analysis of
this region further, owing to the paucity of record.
. Kugiar, Eastern Turkestan.
Sind Valley, Kashmir.
Yangihissar, E. Turkestan.
Sind Valley, Kashmir.
Kugiar.
Murree, Punjab hills.
Sind Valley, Kashmir.
Kugiar and neighbourhood of Sanju, E. Turkestan.
Pamir road, Sarikol to Panja.
Yarkand.
RHYNCHOTA.
3
HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.
Family — PENTATOMIDjE, Stal.
Sub-family — CYDNINJE (CYDNINA), Stal.
1. JEthtjs maurus, Dali.
A. maurus, Dali., List, pt. 1, p. 118, 18 (1851) .—Walk., Cat. Het. 1, p. 158 (1857).— Stal, Enu-
merat. Hemip., pt. 5, p. 26, 1876.
Hab. — Jhelam Valley, July 1873.
Distributed generally throughout Hindustan.
2. .ZEthus, sp.
Allied to 2E. pygnumis, Dali., of which it is probably only a slight variety. The col-
lection contains only one specimen.
Hab. — On the road across the Pamir, from Sarikol to Panja, April to May 1874.
Sub-iam.-ASOPJNJE (ASOPIDA), Stal.
3. ZlCRONA CCERULEA, Lin.
Cimex ceruleus, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, p. 445, 38 (1758). — Stal, Enumerat. Hemip., pt. l,p. 36,
(1870).
Hab. — Kugiar, South Yarkand, May to June 1874.
This wide-ranging species extends throughout the whole of the Palaearctic and Oriental
regions.
Europa tota, India orientalis, Java, Borneo, Malacca (Stal.) ; Astracan (Jacovlev) ; N.
M . Siberia (Sahlberg) ; Bagdad (Coll. Brit. Mus.) ; Morocco, Japan (Coll. Distant).
Sub-fam. — PE NT A TOMINJE (PE NT A TO MIN A ) , Stal.
4. Dalpada confusa, Dist. Pig. 1.
Balpada confusa, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 121.
Luteous, thickly covered with green punctures. Head emarginate in front with the sides
reflexed, and some small indistinct ochreous markings at base. Antennae pitchy, each joint
luteous at base, basal and apical joints smallest, 2nd shorter than 3rd, 3rd and 4th subequal.
Rostrum just passing posterior coxae, with the tip pitchy. Pronotum somewhat transversely
gibbous at base in a line with lateral angles, after which it is abruptly deflexed towards head,
lateral angles prominent, subacute, lateral margins denticulated for about half their length
4
SECOND YABKAND MISSION.
from apex ; tlie punctuation is very dense along the lateral margins and at pronotal angles.
Scutellum somewhat gibbous at base, deflexcd towards apex, where it is more sparingly
punctured. Corium with a faint impunctate longitudinal line on disc, extending from base
to about two-thirds its length, rather widened at apex. Membrane extending beyond apex
of abdomen, pale fuscous with the nervures dark brown for half the length from base, fol-
lowed by a row' of four brown spots and a marginal row' of six spots of the same colour, the
tw'o outer ones being long and linear. Under side of body luteous, with the pectoral and
abdominal margins broadly punctured with green, sparingly on abdomen, and more densely
on prosternum; legs luteous, tliickly spotted with brown; tarsi luteous, apical joint pitchy.'
d . Long. 14 mill. ; lat. pronot. ang. 6^ mill.
? . Long. 15 to 16 mill. ; lat. pronot. ang. 74 mill.
Rob. — Murree.
I have compared the above with all the congeneric types of Dallas in the British Museum
and of Hope in the collection at Oxford, from w'hich it is quite distinct in general struc-
ture. Dr. Stoliczka collected a fine series of both sexes.
5. Dalpada tecta, Walk.
JUalpada tecta , Walk., Cat. Het. 1, p. 224, 1867.
Jlab. — Murree. The type was from Sylhet.
6. Palohexa viridissima, Poda.
Cmex poda, Mus. Gr. 56, 10. Pal. viridissima, Stal, Hem. Fab. 1, p. 28. Muls. et Key., Pun. Fr.
277, 1, 1866. Pent, dissimilis, Dali., List. 1, p. 241, 20, 1851.
Jlab. — Murree.
This Palasarctic form is generally distributed throughout Europe. N. W. Siberia
(Sahlberg).
7. Palomexa reeteri, Dist. Pig. 2.
Palamena reuteri, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1879, p. 122.
$ . Green ; head, anterior border of pronotum, basal half of scutellum, and membrane
bronzy. Head obscurely rugulose, very thickly and strongly punctured with black, median
lobe slightly shorter than the lateral ones. Eostrum luteous, with the tip black. Antenna?
luteous, apical joint somewhat fuscous, 3rd joint distinctly longer than the 2nd, rather
shorter than the 4tli, 5th longest. Pronotum obscurely rugulose, very thickly and strongly
punctured with black, with two slightly waved lateral linear impunctate foveae situated a
little behind the anterior margin, lateral angles somewhat prominent and rounded. Scutel-
lum thickly covered with deep black punctures, slightly rugulose at base Corium thickly
and deeply punctured with black. Abdomen above black, thickly and finely punctured with
the connexivum luteous, punctured with black. Body beneath pale luteous, slightly clouded
with greenish. Legs greenish, tarsi luteous.
RHYNCHOTA.
? Second joint of antennse distinctly longer than the 3rd, 2nd and 4tli subequal.
Abdomen, beneath, with some irregular obscure black markings.
Long. 11 to 12 mill. ; exp. pronot. ang. 6 to 7 mill.
Sab. — Murree.
Allied to P. viridissima, Poda, but differs in its smaller size and shorter antennse ; it is
also more straightened and narrowed than in that species, and the structure of the pronotum
is different.
8. Carpocoris nigricornis, Eab.
I
Cimex nigricornis, Fab., Ent. Syst., IV, 94, 59.
Sab. — Kugidr, May to June 1874.
This is a common Palsearctic form. N. W. Siberia (Sahlberg) ; Astracan (Jacovlev) ;
Algeria (Lucas) ; Morocco (Coll. Distant).
9. Dolycoris baccarum, Lin.
Cimex baccarum, Lin., Faun. Sv., 249, 928. — Mormidea baccarum, Fieb., Eur. Hem., 335, 1. — Penlaloma
baccarum, Hahn, Wanz. Ins., fig. 152. — Cimex verbasci, De Geer, Mem. iii, 257, 4 (1773).
Sab.— Sind Valley, August 1873.
Common to Palsearctic region. Madeira (Wollaston) ; Tunis (Coll. Brit. Mus.) ; Morocco
(Coll. Distant). Algeria (Lucas) ; N. W. Siberia (Sahlberg); Astracan (Jacovlev).
10. Eurydema wilkinsi, Osch. in litt., Fig. 4.
Eurydema wilkinsi, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 123.
Pale luteous, somewhat thickly and coarsely punctured. Head with the anterior portion
of the submarginal lateral borders and a large triangular marking at base ; pronotum with
two large discal subquadrate linear markings elongated exteriorly ; scutellum with the base
and two central forked lines extending therefrom to about middle, and two spots on lateral
margins a little before apex ; corium with two claval streaks ; a linear spot on middle oi
outer margin ; a transverse -waved fascia, extending from base of membrane for two-thirds
across corium, and a rounded sub-apical spot, shining green. Abdomen above luteous,
apical segment black, connexivum with a row of large green spots. Underside of body pale
luteous. Abdomen with a marginal row of spots situated on the outer edge of each seg-
mental suture, and a submarginal row of transverse slightly -waved linear markings, situated
on middle of each segment, greenish-black. Sternum with some irregular markings of the
same colour. Legs pale luteous, streaked with greenish-black, and femora obscurely
annulated with the same colour near apex. Antennse black, 2nd joint about as long as 1st
and 3rd together, 4th somewhat dilated, about equal in length to otli. Rostrum luteous
pitchy at base and apex.
Long. 7 mill.
Sab. — Yangihissar, April 1874.
I have retained the unpublished name under which. Dr. Reuter informs me, this species
has been sent from Turkestan. In most specimens the markings on the pronotum are
B
6
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
not perfectly subquadrate, but disjointed. I have, however, thought it best to describe the
specimen submitted to Dr. Reuter and returned as above.
11. Euiiydema pestiva, Lin.
Cimex festiva, Lin., Syst. Nat., 723, 57. — Strachia f estiva, Hahn, Wanz. Ins., fig. 93. — Eurydema
ornata, Sahib., Mon. Geoe. Fenn., 24, 1.
Ilcib. — Yangihissar, April 1874. Kugiar, May to June 1874. Sind Valley, August 1873.
A common Palsearctic form. Madeira (Wollaston) ; N. W. Siberia (Sahlberg) ; Astracan
(Jacovlev); Algeria (Lucas).
11 a. E. PESTIVA, var. herb ace a, H. Sch.
Eurydema herbaceum^ H. Sch., Cont. Panz. F. G., 115, 12, and Nom. Ent., 1, 55, and 91 (1835).
Hahn, Wanz. 3, F. 239 (1835).
Hub. — Sind Valley, August 1873.
12. Bagrada picta, Eab.
Cimex pictus, Fab., S. Ent., p. 715, 93 (1775), Spec. 2, p. 359, 127 (1781). Wolff, Ic., 1, p. 17, F. 17
(1800) . — Strachia picta, Dali., List. 1, p. 259, 5 (1851). Stal, Enumerat. Hemip., pt. 5, p. 88.
Sab. — Murree.
This species, with few exceptions, has hitherto been only received from Bengal.
Bombay (Coll. Dist.); Bagdad (Coll. Brit. Mus).
13. Menida distincta. Eig. 3.
Memda distincta , Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 122.
Luteous, covered with strong greenish-black punctures. Head luteous, with the lateral
margins and four longitudinal furrowed punctured lines greenish-black. These lines are
much more distinct on the ante-ocular portion of the head. Eyes dull ochrcous. Antenna;
pilose with the 2nd joint shorter than the 3rd, 4th and 5th subequal, rather longer than 3rd ;
first 3 joints luteous, apex of the 1st and apical half of the 3rd, black, 3rd and 4th joints
black, narrowly luteous at base. Rostrum luteous, apical joints pitchy. Pronotum with an
anterior submarginal line of greenish-black punctures and two irregular transverse ocellated
punctured marks of the same colour on anterior portion of the disc. Seutellum with a largf
central subbasal greenish-black spot, and two small and somewhat indistinct ones ol the
same colour situated on the lateral margins a little before apex. Membrane transparent,
whitish. Abdomen above black, connexivum luteous, spotted with black. Underside ol
body and legs luteous, sparingly and distinctly punctured with black. Tarsi pitchy.
Long. 6 mill.
Sab. — Murree and Sind Valley, Kashmir.
Menida his trio, .Eab., is the nearest allied species.
RHYNCHOTA.
7
14. Prionaca exempta, Walk.
Prionaca exempta, Walk., Cat. Het., 3, p. 569.
Sab. — Murree.
N. Hindostan (Coll. Brit. Mus.) ; Assam (Coll. Distant).
Sub-Family — A CA NTHOSO MINAS (A CANTHSOMINAj, Stal.
>
15. Acanthosoma proxima, Dali.
Acanthosoma proximnm, Dali., List., 1, p. 303, 2 (1851).
Sab. — Murree.
The type in the British Museum without a locality was presented by General Hard-
wieke, and is probably from N. India.
16. Acanthosoma forfex, Dali.
Acanthosoma forfex, Dali., List., 1, p. 308, 16 (18ol).
Sab. — Murree.
N. India (Coll. Brit, Mus.).
17. Acanthosoma recurva, Dali.
Acanthosoma recmvvm, Dali., List., 1, p. 310, 19 (1851). — Clinocoris recurvus , Stal, Enumerat. Hemip,
p. 5, p. 114 (1876).
Sab. — Sind Valley, August 1873.
N. India (Coll. Brit. Mus.).
18. Acanthosoma aspera, Walk.
Acanthosoma aspera, Walk., Cat. Ilet., p. 2, p. 395, 17 (1867).
Sab. — Murree.
N. India (Coll. Brit. Mus.).
Sub-Family— TJItOSTYLINJF. (UR OSTYLJNA), Stal.
19. Urostylis fumigata, Walk. var.
Urostylis fumigata, Walk., Cat. Het., 3, p. 413 (1867).
Sab. — Murree. The type was from Sylhet.
8
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Family — C ORE I DAE, Stal.
Sub-Family— COREIN JE (COREIN A), Stal.
Division Gonoceraria, Stal.
20. Cletus punctiger, Dali. var.
Gonocerus pundiger, Dali., List. 2, p. 494, 3 (1852).
Hab. — Murree.
The type was from China. Malacca (Walker).
Sub-Family — AL YD IN IE ( ALYDINA ), Stal.
21. Camptopus lateralis, Germ.
Coreus lateralis, Germ., Reise. Dalm., 491 and F. Ins. Eur,, 8, 21. H. Sell., Wanz., v, fig. 549, 1839.
Hab. — Sind Valley, August 1873.
This species has a wide Palsearctic range and is a somewhat common European form.
Teneriffe (Coll. Brit. Mus.) ; Madeira (Wollaston) ; Morocco (Coll. Distant); Astracan
(Jacovlev).
Sub-Family — COBIZINJE ( CO BIZ IN A ), Stal.
22. Therapha hyoscyami, Lin.
Fieb., Eur. Hem., 232 (1861). Conzus hyosciami, Hahn, Wanz., 1, fig. 10 .—Cimex ln/oscyami, Lin.,
Faun. Sv. 252, 945.
Hab. — Kugiiir, south of Yarkand, May to June 1874.
A well-known European species. N. W. Siberia (Sahlberg) ; Astracan (Jacovlev) ;
Morocco (Coll. Distant).
Family— lYGAEIIJH, Stal.
Sub-Family— Z YGMINM (LYGJEINA), Stal.
23. Lyg^us (Spilostethus) militaris, Eab.
Lyg ceus militaris, Stal, Hem. Afr., 2, 133, 13 (1865).— Cimex militaris, Fab., S. Ent., p. 717, 103
(1775).
Hab. — Murree.
Europa meridionalis, Africa borealis et media, India orientalis, Insulte Philippine
(Stal.) ; Madeira (Wollaston) ; Teneriffe, Canaries, Mauritius, Bagdad, N. India (Coll. Brit.
Mus.); Morocco (Coll. Distant); Algeria (Lucas).
RHYNCHOTA.
24. LYGiEUS (Spilostethus) saxatilis, Scop.
Cimex saxatilis, Scop., Ent. Carn., 128,371 (1763). — Lygceus saxatilis, Dali., List., 2, p. 544 (1852).
L. ( Spilostelkus ) saxatilis, Stal, Hem. Fab., 1, 75, 1868.
Hab. — Sind Valley, August 1873.
Generally distributed throughout Europe. Algeria (Lucas).
25. Lygasus (Graptolomtjs) eqtjestuis, Lin.
Cimex equestris, Lin., F. Sv., 253, 946 (1761). — Lygmus equestris, Fieb., Eur. Hem., 166, 5.
Hab. — Kugiar, south of Yarkand, May to June 1874. Neighbourhood of Sanju, south-
east of Yarkand.
Europa tota, Africa borealis, Sibiria orientalis (Mus. Holm., Sahlberg) ; Bagdad, Japan
(Coll. Brit. Mus); Algeria (Lucas).
26. Arocatus pilosttees. Eig. 5.
Arocatus pilosulus, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lord., p. 123, 1879.
Testaceous, pilose. Head with tbe central portion black. Antennae black, pilose, 2nd
joint rather the longest, 3rd and 4th subequal. Rostrum pitchy. Pronotum obscurely punc-
tured, distinctly rugulose on posterior portion; anterior portion crossed by a transverse
black submarginal band, and an obscure pitchy band on posterior border. Scutellum pitchy,
with the tip red, and with two large round foveae at base. Corium suffused with dull-pitchy
shadings. Membrane pitchy opaque, outer border pale transparent. Under side of body
testaceous, strongly suffused with pitchy shadings. Sternum with a submarginal row of three
black spots, placed one on prosternum, one on mesosternum, and one on metasternum. Legs
pitchy, pilose. The corium is more densely pilose than other parts of the upper surface.
Long. 6 mill.
Hab. — Murree.
Sub-Family- MY0D0CEIN2E ( MY OD 0 CHINA) , Stal.
27. Lamprobema brevicoleis, Eieb.
Lamprodema Irevicollis, Eieb., Eur. Hem., 185 (1861).
Hab. — Tanktse to Chagra, Pankong Valley, Ladak, September 1873.
The type was from Dalmatia, and Mr. Edward Saunders kindly compared these specimens
for me with insects in his own collection received from the Continent.
28. Gonianotus marginepunctatus.
Lygceus marginepunctatus, Wolff, Ic. Cim., 150, t. 15, fig. 144 (1804).
Hab. — On the road across the Pamir, from Sarikol to Panja, April to May 1874.
A not uncommon European species. Madeira (Wollaston) ; Algeria (Lucas).
c
\
10
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Family — CAPSID JE.
29. Phytocoris stoliczkanus. Pig. 6.
Phytocoris stoliczlcanws , Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., p. 124, 1879.
Uniform pale ochraceous. Head with a V-shaped mark, consisting of small transverse
striae, commencing from near base of antennae. Pirst joint of antennae almost as long as
head and pronotum together. Pronotum with two slightly raised transverse callosities ex-
tending across and occupying the anterior border. Scutellum with the base somewhat raised
and gibbous, a waved transverse cordate line near base, and a faint pale longitudinal median
line near apex. Hemielytra sparingly clothed with a few minute blackish hairs. Membrane
with bright prismatic reflexions.
Long. 6 mill.
Ilab. — Murree, Jhelum Valley, and Sind Valley.
30. Calocoris stoliczkanus. Pig. 7.
Calocoris stoliczkanus, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 6, p. 124, 1879.
Ochreous clouded with brown, and sparingly clothed with pale yellowish pile. Antennae
brownish, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th joints with the apices pitchy. Pirst joint robust, 2nd somewhat
suddenly thickened towards apex, 3rd and 4th very slender, 4th not much more than half the
length of the 3rd. Cuneus somewhat paler in colour than corium, brownish and pilose at
base, and with a small pitchy spot at apex. Membrane pale fuscous clouded with brown.
Underside pale obscure ochreous, clothed with fine pale yellow pile, and a somewhat obscure
stigmatal row of small brown spots. Legs mutilated. The pronotum is faintly angulose,
and the scutellum somewhat more plainly strigose.
Long. 8 mill.
Sab. — Murree.
I have placed this species in the genus Calocoris, though Dr. Reuter writes to me,
" Calocoris, vel n. gen.”
31. Calocoris chenopodii, Pall.
Phytocoris chenopodii, Fall., H., p. 77, 1.— Calocoris chenopodii, Fieb., Eur. Hem., 255 (1861).
Sab. — Sind Valley, August 1873.
Europa tota, Dauria (Sahlberg).
32. Calocoris porsythi. Pig. 8.
Calocoris forsythi, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 125, 1879.
Brownish testaceous. Antennae with the 1st joint not quite so long as head and pronotum,
2nd slightly and gradually thickened towards apex, 3rd pale luteous at base, 4th wanting-
RHYNCHOTA.
11
Head with a deep central longitudinal incision between the eyes. Pronotum rugulose, faintly
anteriorly and more distinctly towards posterior border. Hemielytra slightly pilose, some-
what paler towards costal margin, and with extreme outer margin somewhat obscure pitchy.
Membrane pale fuscous, somewhat clouded. Scutellum obscurely and transversely strigose.
Underside of body castaneous. Fore- legs oclrraceous, tibiae with a longitudinal row of small
brownish spots. The rest of the legs wanting.
Long. 7 mill.
Hah. — Murree.
Family — NABIDJE, Fieb.
33. Coriscus ferits, Linn.
Cimex ferns, Lin., Faun. Suec., 256, 962 (1761). — Nabis ferns, Fieb., Eur. Hem., p. 161, 9 (1861)
Reut., O. V. A. F. 29, 6, p. 72, 5 (1872).
Sab. — Yarkand and neighbourhood.
Palsearctic species. America borealis, New Jersey, Wisconsin, California (Mm. Holm.,
Stal) ; Europa tota, North-Western Siberia (Sahlberg) ; Algeria (Lucas).
Family— 22AZ) UVUDjE, Stal.
Sub- Family — RED UVIINM ( BED TJV1INA ) , Stal.
34. Reduvius (harpiscus) reuteri, Dist. Fig. 9.
Reduvius {Harpiscus) reuteri, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 125, 1879.
Black, shining, trochanters and bases of femora sanguineous.
Allied to It. morio, Kol. Dr. Reuter, who has kindly compared the two species for me,
writes : — “ R. (Harpisco) morioni, colore similis, sed major et in omnibus latior, magis nitidus,
pedibus pilis exsertis longis destitutis, capiie pronoti lobo postico tantum paullo longiore, tro-
chanteribus basique ipsa femorum rujis divergens. Obs. — Gala nigra, ut in R. morione.”
Long. 20 mill.
Hah. — Sind Valley.
35. Reduvius (Rhinocoris) iracundus, Scop.
Cimex iramndm, Scop., Ent. Carn., p. 130, 378 (1763). — Harpactor iracundus, Fieb., Eur. Hem. 153
(1861).
Sab. — Sind Valley, August 1873. European form.
12
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Sub-family —PIRATING (PIBATINA) Stal.
36. Pirates (Lestomertts) affinis, Serv.
Peirates affinis, Serv., Ann. Se. nat., 23, p. 216, 2 (1831). Lestomerus affinis, A. and S., Hist., p. 323.
2 (1843).
Sab. — Jlielam Valley, July 1873.
India orientalis (Mus. Holm ) ; Borneo (Mus. Leiden) ; Cochin-China (Coll. Signoret,
Stal) ; Assam (Coll. Distant).
Family — HYDRO BA TIDM, Stal.
37. Gerris (Limnotrechus) sahebergi. Pig. 10.
Gerris [Limnotrechus) sahllergi, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 125, 1879.
Head thickly covered with olivaceous pubescence, with a small black spot on vertex.
Antennae ochraceous, 1st joint longest, 2nd and 3rd shortest and subequal, 4th rather longer
than 3rd, thickly covered with greyish pile. Pronotum ochraceous, pubescent, anterior 3rd,
lateral borders, and a central longitudinal line, olivaceous ; the last is testaceous on anterior
portion of pronotum. Hemielytra brownish testaceous, with the nervures olivaceous. Un-
der side of body covered with greyish pile, except lateral borders, apex, and central portion of
abdomen, which parts are ochraceous. Legs ochraceous, fore femora with an outer longi-
tudinal black fascia.
Long. 10 mill.
Sab. — Neighbourhood of Leh.
Dr. Reuter, who has done me the favour of examining the species, reports — “ L. thoracico
affinis et segmentorum genitalium marls structura similis, differt autem pronoto breviore,
postice breoius et obtusius producto, angulis dentiformibus segm. abdominalis sexti brevissimis,
vix productis, tibiis, prcesertim posticis, brevibus, tarsis posticis his tantum \ bxemoribus.”
38. Gen. (?) orientalis. Pigs. 11 and 12.
Halobates (?) orientalis, Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 126, 1879.
Brownish ochraceous, finely pilose. Antennae with the 1st joint curved, robust, and
about the length of head and pronotum together; remaining joints more slender, 2nd and
3rd subequal, 4th a little shorter than 3rd. Pronotum with a median pale longitudinal line
and a large rounded fovea on posterior portion of disc. The rostrum is 5-jointed ; the first
two joints are very robust and somewhat fused together, the 2nd minute and much shorter
than the 1st, the 3rd much the longest and rather less robust than 1st and 2nd, 4th small,
slender, and black, 5th ochreous, very slender and hair-like, and rather shorter than 4th-
Sternum clothed with greyish pile.
The eyes are large, semi-globular, and castaneous, situated at base of lateral margins of
head. The pronotum is about the length of the head, but broader, truncate in front and
rounded behind ; mesonotum and metanotum hardly distinguishable, much longer than pro-
RHYNCOTA.
13
notum, and gradually and regularly widened posteriorly. Legs ochreous, fore femora much
thickened.
Long. 7 to 8 mill.
Sab. — Jhelam Valley.
I have refrained for the present from making a new genus for the reception of this
species. It is in many respects allied to Halobates and cannot be included in the genus
Gerris. The figures will show its anatomical peculiarities.
Family — NEPIDvE, Burm.
39. Ranatra, sp. P
Too mutilated for determination.
Sab. — Y arkand.
Family — NOTONECTIDPE, Stal.
40. Notone cta geauca, Lin.
Notonecta glauca, Lin., Faun. Sv. 244, 903, Salil., Not. Faun. et. FI. Fenn., Forh., XIV, 273, 1. N.
fabricii, Fieb., Eur. Hem. 101, 2. N. marmorea, Fab., Syst. Rhyn., p. 103, 3 (1803).
Sab. — Ydrkand.
Europa tota, Asia et America borealis, N. W. Siberia (Sahlberg) ; Algeria (Lucas).
41. Enithares, sp. ?
Allied to S. indica, Eab., if not a variety of that species.
Sab. — Jhelam Valley.
Family — COUISIBJE, Fieb.
42. Corisa hieroglyphica, L. Duf.
Corixa hieroglyphica, L. Duf., Hem., 86, 2, fig. 85, 87. Corisa hieroglyphica, Fieb., Eur. Hem., 93, 15
(1861).
Sab. — Yarkand.
Palaearctic form. Astracan (Jacovlev).
43. Corisa geoffroyi, Leach.
Corixa geoffroyi, Leach, Class. Lin. Tr., 12, 7. Corisa geoffroyi, Fieb., Eur. Hem., 91, 6 (1861) =
dentipes, Thom. (Sahlberg).
Sab. — Yarkand.
Astracan (Jacovlev) ; Algeria (Lucas).
D
14
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA.
Family — CER COP I DM.
Sub-family— CER COP IN JR (CEUCOPINA) Stal.
44. COSMOSCARTA DORSIMACULA, Walk.
Cercopis dorsimacula, Walk., List. Homop. Ins. Ill, p. 658, 31 (1851).
Mab. — Jlielam Valley.
N. Bengal, N. India, Cachar (Types, Brit. Mus.)
Sub -family — A PUR OPS. ORINJE (APHROPHORINA ) Stal.
45. Ptyelus costalis, Walk.
Ptyelus costalis, Walk., List. Homop. Ins. Ill, p. 707, 13 (1851). Ptyelus concolor , Walk .,ib., p. 715,
26. Stal, Ofy. vet. Ak. Fork., 1862, p. 493.
Mab. — Dras, Kargil, and Leh, August to September 1873.
N. India (Types, Brit. Mus).
46. Clovia nebulosa, Eab.
Cercopis nehulosa, Fab., Ent. Syst., IV, 50, 14; Syst. Rhyn., 94, 3. Ptyelus quaclridens, Walk.,
List. Homop. Ins. Ill, p. 711, 19 (1851). Ptyelus guttifer, Walk., Hid., p. 712, 21. Clovia
nehulosa, Stal, Hem. Fab., 2, p. 16, 1869; Sign., Rev. and Mag. Zook, 1853, tom. 5, p. 183.
Stal, Ofv. vet. Ak. Forh., 1862, p. 493.
Mab. — Sind Valley, August 1873.
Family — JA SSI DM1.
Sub-family — CRNTR 0 TIN AH.
In liis Hem. Af. 4, pp. 82-83 (1866), tbe late Dr. Stal. gave a “ Conspectus subfamili -
arum ” of his family “ Jassida .” In that work he placed the genus Oxyrhachis, Germ., in
his sub-fam. “ Membracida owing no doubt to the dilated fore tibiae of the insects com-
prised in that genus. Subsequently, however, Ofv. vet. Ak. Eorh., 1869, p. 280, he placed it
in his sub-fam. <£ Centrotida,” adding cc Conspectus generum, centrotidum, mundi, antiqui — ■
vide Hem. Af., IV, pp. 86-89.” Although there is an error in this statement, the genus
Oxyrhachis clearly belongs to the Centrotidee, in which I have placed it.
47- Oxyrhachis, sp.
Mab. — Jhelam Valley. One spirit- specimen too much damaged to be described.
RHYNCHOTA.
15
Sub-family — PR OCONIINAE (PROCONIINA) Stal.
48. Euacantiius extremes, Walk.
Tettigonia extrema , Walk., List. Homop. Ins., Ill, p. 761 (1851). Sign., Ann. Ent. Fr. Ser. 3, 1, p.
663, pi. 21, fig. 4 (1853). Stal, Ofv. vet. Ali. Forh., 1862, p. 495.
Sab. — Murree.
The type was from N. India.
Sub-family — JASSINJE (JASS1NA) Stal.
50. Bythoscopus stramineus, Walk.
AcocepJialus stramineus, Walk., List. Homop. Ins., Ill, p. 847 (1851).
Bythoscopus indicaim, Walk., List. Homop. Ins. Suppt, p. 266, 1858. Stal, Ofv. vet. Ak. Fork., 1862,
p. 494.
Sab. — Sincl Valley, August 1873.
The types were from J ava, N. China, and Celebes ; it is, however, a commonly received
Indian species.
The remaining specimens of Somoptera contained in the collection, mostly somewhat
minute species, are so damaged by immersion in spirit as to be undeterminable and of
little value as museum-specimens. I should certainly pause before describing insects in this
condition, as colour is obliterated and good figures could not be made. There are two small
species of Ricania and one of Nephesa ; the rest call for little comment.
Fig.
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
Explanation of the Plate.
1. Dalpada confusa, Dist., p. 3.
2. Palomena reuteri, Dist., p. 4.
3. Menida distincta, Dist., p. 6.
4. Eurydema wilkinsi, Dist., p. 5.
5. Arocatus pilosulus, Dist., p. 9.
6. Pliytocoris stoliczakanus, Dist., p. 9.
7. Calocoris stoliczakanus, Dist., p. 10.
8. forsythi, Dist., p. 10.
9. Reduvius (Harpiscus) reuteri, Dist., p. 11.
10. Gerris (Limnotrechus) sahlbergi, Dist., p. 12.
11. Halobates ? orientalis, $ , viewed from above, enlarged, p. 12.
11a. The same, from below, more highly magnified.
116. The anal appendages of the same, from above.
11c. The same, from below,
lid. The same seen vertically.
11c. The rostrum.
12a. & 126. The anal appendages of the female.
4ioTt. Central Prese.— -No, 27 S, G, S,— 13*3'80.— 275.
HE. MI P T Ei BA
H. F. Rippon. del et lith-
Mintern Bros imp.
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION
BASED UPON THE COLLECTIONS AND NOTES
OF THE LATE
FERDINAND STOLICZKA, PhD.
LEPIDOPTEPA,
*
BY
FREDERIC MOORE, E.Z.S., etc.,
-ASSISTANT CURATOR, INDIAN MUSEUM, LONDON.
flublishch bn other of the (Sob eminent ot Inbht.
CALCUTTA :
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING.
1879.
I
*
CALCUTTA :
FEINTED BY EHE SUEERINTENDENT OF GOYEENMENT FEINTING,
8, HASTINGS STEEET.
A
9
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
LEPIDOPTERA.
By FREDERIC MOORE, F.Z.S., etc.. Assistant Curator , India Museum , London.
Tribe— PAPILIONES.
Family — NYMPH A LI DIE.
Sub-Family — SA TYRINJE.
1. IIlPPARCUIA lehana. Plate I, fig. 4, $ .
Hipparchia lehana, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 227.
Allied to H. baldiva, Moore, from Upper Kunawur, the upperside being paler in colour,
the discal transverse ochreous hand broader on both wings, and its inner border, in the male,
inwardly oblique. Both sexes above and beneatli are without the small ocellus on the discal
band above the anal angle. The underside is also very much paler, and the transverse sinuous
lines wider apart.
Expanse $ 2, ? 2J inches.
Habitat. — Leh (September 6th, 1873), Kharbu, 13,000 feet, both in Ladak.
2. Hipparchia cahesia.
Hipparchia cadesia, Moore, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 565, pi. 66, fig. 7.
Sab. — Leh, September 8th.
3. Epinephile cheena.
Epinephile cheena, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 501, pi. 30, fig, 6.
Lab. — Gaganghir, Kashmir.
2
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
4. Aulocera swaha.
Satyrus swaha, Kollar, HiigePs Kasclimir, iv, p. 444, tab. 14., figs. 1, 2 (1844).
Satyrus brahminus (part), Blanch., Jacq. Voy. dans l’lnde, iv, Ins. p. 22, t. 2, figs. 5, 6, $ .
Sab. — Gaganghir, Kashmir.
5. Aulocera brahmina.
Satyrus brahminus, Blanchard, Jacq. Voy. dansblnde, iv, Ins. p. 22, t. 2, fig. 4 (1844), $ .
Aulocera weranga , Lang, Ent. Monthly Mag. iv, p. 247 (1868).
t
Sab. — Mataian, Drag Valley, 11,200 feet.
Sub -family — NYM PEA LIN AE.
6. Vanessa ladakensis. Plate I, fig. 2.
Vanessa ladakensis , Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 227.
Nearest allied to V. rizana, Moore, from Cheeni, but is somewhat smaller, less angled
below the apex of fore tying and at middle of the hind wing ; the black markings on the upper-
side are much less prominent, the black oblique bands on forewing merging into the red and
thus appearing somewhat confluent ; the outer transverse discal yellow band on fore wing is
also broader ; other markings similar. On the underside the interspaces between the markings
on fore wing are very much paler.
Expanse If inch.
Sab. — Gogra, Changchenmo, 15,000 feet, October 1873; Karatagh Lake, on snow,
midday temperature 33°, October 11th, 1873.
7. Pyraheis cardui.
Pyrameis cardui, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 276 (1761). — Esper, Schmett. i, t. 10, fig. 3. — Eversmann, Ent.
Imp. Boss, v, p. 107, t. 12, figs. 1, 2.— Erschoff, Lep. Turkestan, p. 15.
Sab. — Karghalik, November 11th, seen also south of Sanju and at Sanju, all in Eastern
Turkestan.
8. Argynnis jainadeva.
Argynnis jainadeva, Moore, Ent. Monthly Mag.i, p. 131 (1864) ; Proc. ZooL Soc. 1865, p. 495, pi. 30,
fig. 1.
Uab. — Leh, September 6th.
LEPIDOPTEEA.
Family — PAP ILI ONI D Ms.
Sub-family — PIEJIINJE.
Genus Baltia, Moore.
Baltia, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 228.
Pore wing very short; costa considerably arched from the base, apex and posterior an He
rounded, exterior margin oblique, costal vein short, subcostal vein arched to end of the cell
six-branched, first and second branches arising at equal distances apart before the end of the
cell and terminating on the costa before the apex, third branch bent near its base, middle, and
immediately before its termination before the apex, the fourth, fifth, and sixth branches stain -
ing below from each of these angles, the fourth branch being very short ; cell broad ; dis-
cocellulars of nearly equal length, bent inwards ; median vein three-branched, branches at equal
distances apart ; submedian vein curved : hind wing long, somewhat oval, slightly broader than
fore wing, apex and exterior margin very convex, abdominal margin long ; costal vein short ;
subcostal three-branched ; cell broad ; discocellulars oblique, upper the shortest ; median vein
three-branched ; submedian nearly straight. Body small, abdomen short, thorax and front of
head clothed with long lax hairs. Palpi very long, slender, densely hairy beneath. Legs short,
femora fringed beneath with long lax hairs. Antennae short, club large and spatulate.
Type. Baltia shawii ( Mesapia shawii), Bates, in Henderson and Hume’s Lahore to
Yarkand, p. 305 (1873).
9. Baltia shawii. Plate I, fig. 5, .
Mesapia shawii, Bates, Henderson and Hume’s Lahore to Yarkand, p. 305, ?, 1873.
Baltia shawii, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 228.
Male. Upperside white ; base of both wings densely black-speckled : fore wing with
the costal edge ochreous and slightly black-speckled ; a large black triangular oblique spot
at end of the cell ; a short discal transverse subapical black band, and a marginal row of
black decreasing triangular spots : hind wing minutely and sparsely speckled with dark grey ;
a slight black streak at end of the cell, the speckles dense across the disc, and there forming
a curved sinuous indistinct band. Body black. Palpi ochreous above and fringed with black
beneath. Underside : fore wing with markings as above ; costa and exterior margin tinged
with ochreous : hind wing black-speckled, the speckles thickly disposed at the base, and also
forming a narrow curved discal band ; a slight black streak at end of the cell. Antenme
black, stem black-ringed. Abdomen beneath yellow. Legs black above, white beneath.
Female differs above in having the markings less prominently black, and the subapical
band on fore wing continued across the wing on both upper and underside.
Expanse 1T% inch.
Rab. — Aktagh, north of the Karakoram Pass (15,590 feet), June 14th, 1874.
The male insect only was captured by Dr. Stoliczka ; the female was taken on the Chang
Lung Pass (18,000 feet) by Mr. E. B. Shaw during the expedition of 1870.
I
4
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
10. SYNCHLOE BRASSIOE.
Pieris hrcmica, Linn., Faun. Suec. p. 269 (1761); Syst. Nat. i, p. 759. — Esper, Scbmett. i, t. 3,
fig. 1. — Erschoff, Lep. Turkestan, p. 4.
Pieris nipalensis, Gray, Lep. Ins. Nepal, pi. 6, fig. 1 (1846).
Sab. — Leli, September 6th.
11. SYNCHLOE RAP,E.
Pieris rapes, Linn., Faun. Suec. p. 270 (1761); Syst. Nat. i, p. 759. — Esper, Sckmett. i, pi. S,
fig. 2. — Erschoff, Lep. Turkestan, p. 5.
Sab. — Yangihissar, April, Aktalla, May 17th, both in Eastern Turkestan.
12. Synckloe daplldice.
Pieris daplidice, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, p. 760 (1767) ; Esper, Sehinett. i, figs. 414, 415. — Erschoff,
Lep. Turkestan, p. 5.
Sab. — Gond and Sonamarg, both in Kashmir.
13. Synchxoe cheoridice.
Pieris chloridice, Hiibner, Eur. Sckmett. i, figs. 712, 713 (1803-1818).— Esper, Schmett. i, pi. 90,
fig. 1.
Sab. — Sarikol, May 2nd and 8th.
14. Co LIAS HYALE.
Colias hyale, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 272 (1761) ; Syst. Nat. I, p. 764. — Esper, Schmett. I, pi. 4, fig. 2.
Sab. — Gaganghir, Kashmir ; Sanju, October 30th ; Sarikol, May 2nd ; Yangihissar, April-
15. Colias pieldii.
Colias fieldii, Menetries, Catal. Lep. Mus. Petrop. i, p. 79, t. 1, fig. 5 (1855). — Gray, Lep. Ins. of
Nepal, pi. 5, fig. 2.
Sab. — Sonamarg, Kashmir, August 10th.
16. Colias stoliczkana. Plate I, fig. 1.
Colias stoliczkana, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 229.
Male. Upperside pale chrome-yellow, base of costal and abdominal borders greenish-
yellow ; base of wings speckled with blackish-brown ; both wings with a broad yellowish-
LEPIDOPTERA.
5
brown marginal band ; a light narrow dusky-brown lunular streak at end of the cell in the
fore wing. Underside: fore wing pale yellow; costal border and outer margin greenish-
yellow ; a dusky black-speckled lunular spot at end of the cell, and discal row of indistinct
speckled spots : hind wing greenish-yellow, with darker green speckles ; an oclireous-brown
patch at end of cell, enclosing a white triangular mark and small spot ; a discal series of
dusky-brown dentate spots. Antennae and legs reddish.
Expanse If inch.
Hab. — North of Changla (17,000 feet), Ladak.
Differs from C. eogene , Eeld. (Novara Reise, Lep. t. 27, fig. 7), in being smaller, and in
having the wings, including the cilia, pale chrome-yellow instead of orange-yellow ; the dis-
cocellular mark is less prominent and lunular, not oval ; the broad marginal hand is of a much
yellower colour. On the underside, the discocellular mark on the fore wing is also lunular and
is not pale-centred.
Sub-Family — PA PTLIONINM.
17. Paenassius chaeltonius. Plate I, fig. 3, ? .
P. charltonius, Gray, Catal. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. i, p. 77, pi. 12, fig. 7, $ , (1852).
Hab.— Kharbu (13,000 feet), Ladak.
18. Parnassitjs jacquemontii.
P. jacquemontii, 'Boisi., Spec. Gen. Lep. i, p. 400 (1836). — Blanchard, Jacq. Voy. clans PInde, iv,
Ins. p. 16, t. 1, figs. 3, 4. — Gray, Catal. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. i, pi. 12, figs. 1, 2.
Hab. — North of Changla (17,000 feet), Ladak.
Sub-Family— X YCQSNIN2E.
19. POLYOMMATUS KASHGHAEENSIS. Plate 1, fig. 7.
Polyommatus kashgharensis, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 230.
Male. Uppersidepale blue, with narrow black exterior-marginal line ; costal edge white.
Cilia white, with dark inner border. Underside slightly pearly-grey, base of wings pale
metallic green : fore wing with a white-bordered black spot in middle of the cell, and a
curved discal series of five spots ; a very indistinct spot at end of the cell, and a less distinct
marginal series of spots : hind wing with three sub-basal and a curved discal series of six
small white-circled black spots ; an indistinct spot at end of the cell, and marginal row of
spots with slightly ochreous interspaced upper dentated line.
Expanse If inch.
Hab. — Yangihissar, Eastern Turkestan, April 1874*.
Allied to P. semiargus.
G
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
20. POLYOMMATUS LEHANUS. Plate I, fig. 6.
Polyommatus lehanus, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 230.
Male. Upperside violet-blue, somewhat brownish-blue at the margins. Cilia white.
Underside leaden grey, palest at the apex and on hind wing : fore wing with a white-bordered
black spot at end of the cell and a transverse discal oblique series of five spots : hind wing
with a large triangular greyish- white spot at end of the cell, and a series of eight small
round spots recurving from near base of costa across the disc to anal angle.
Expanse inch.
Sab. — Leh, 8th September 1873.
Allied to P. pheretes.
21. POLYOMMATUS YAKBANDENSIS. Plate I, fig. 8.
Polyommatus yarlcandensis , Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 229.
Allied to P. icarius. Upperside dark blue, anterior and exterior borders dusky-brown :
an indistinct streak at end of the cell on fore wing : hind wing with a marginal row of indis-
tinct ochreous-bordered black spots. Cilia cinereous -white. Underside ochreous grey ;
fore wing with a white-circled black spot in middle of the cell, another below it, one at end of
the cell, and a curved discal series of seven spots; a marginal row of indistinct spots
bordered above by a dentated line with pale ochreous interspaces : hind wing with three
white-circled black subbasal spots and a curved discal series of seven spots ; a marginal row
of prominent spots, bordered above by ochreous-interspaced dentated line.
Expanse If inch.
Sab . — Yarkand, 23rd May 1873.
22. POLYOMMATUS ARIANA.
Polyommatus ariana, Moore, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 504, pi. 31, fig. 2.
I
Sab. — Mataian, Dras valley (11,200 feet), Leh, September 6th and 8th.
23. Polyommatus galathea.
Polyommatus galathea , Blanchard, Jacq. Voy. dans l’Inde, iv. Ins. p. 21, pi. 1, figs. 5, 6, $ , (1844).
Sab. — Sonamarg, Kashmir, 10th August.
24. Dipsas odata.
Dipsas odata , Hewitson, lllustr. D. Lep. p. 66, pi. 30, fig. 13-4.— Moore, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 507-
Sab. — Gaganghir, Kashmir.
LEPIDOPTERA.
7
Tribe— SPHINGES.
25. Leucophlebia bicolor.
Leucophlebia bicolor, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 16, pi. 2, fig. 5.
Hal. — Hatti, July 21st, TJri, July 23rd, both in Jhilam valley, on the road from Murree
to Kashmir.
Tribe— BOMBYOES.
Family — All CT11DAE.
26. Hypercompa principalis.
Euprepia principalis, Kollar, in HiigePs Kaschmir, iv, p. 465, tab. 20, fig. 2 (1844).
Hal.~— Gaganghir and Gond, in Kashmir.
27. Arctia orientalis.
Arctia orientalis, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 230.
Similar to A. caja, hut differs, above, on the fore wing, in the general form of the bands,
these being entire and transversely continuous, not broken longitudinally as in A. caja.
On the hind wing the spot at the end of the cell is absent ; this wing also has a yellowish-
white narrow marginal line above, and brown cilia both above and beneath ; the dorsal black
band is on each segment and is moreover longer.
Expanse 2f inches.
Hal. — Sonamarg, Kashmir, 8th August 1873.
This species has also been taken at Allahabad.
28. Euproctis kargiialika. Plate I, fig. 18.
Euproctis kargiialika, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 231.
Male and female. Eore wing creamy- white, veins greyish- white ; a large brown-
speckled ochrey discocellular spot and submarginal row of spots : hind, wing white. Thorax
creamy- white ; abdomen of male golden-yellow, of female grey slightly ringed with black,
and tipped with large glossy golden-yellow tuft. Shaft of antenme white, pectinations brown.
Underside glossy white, costa of fore wing in male broadly suffused with brown.
Expanse, $ 175„, ? 1TV inch.
Hal. — Karghalik Eastern Turkestan, May 29th and 30th.
29. Euproctis lactea.
\
Euproctis lactea, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 231.
Uniform creamy- white, without markings. Abdomen tipped with pale yellow. Under-
side paler creamy- white ; costal border of fore wing ochreous-brown. Palpi ochreous-brown.
An term ae pale ochreous-brown, shaft white. Eore tibiae with ochreous-brown tuft.
Expanse If inch.
Hal. — Karghalik, May 29th, 1874.
8 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Family — N0T01) ONTIBJE.
30. Ptelophora kashghara. Plate I, fig. 19.
Ptilophora kashghara, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 231.
Male. Pore wing dark grey, irrorated with brown scales, crossed by three indistinctly
defined narrow zigzag brown bands, which are slightly dentated on the veins. Cilia alter-
nately pale grey and brown : hind wing pale grey, sparsely sprinkled with brown scales.
Thorax greyish-brown. Abdomen brown ; three anterior segments with dorsal row of blackish
tubercular scales ; tip also black. Antennse yellowish-testaceous. Underside grey, sparsely
brown-speckled ; long pubescence of abdomen brown and black. Legs pale brown.
Expanse lyv inch.
ILab. — Yangiliissar, Eastern Turkestan, March 3rd, 1874.
31. OxiCESTA MARMOREA. Plate I, fig. 17-
Oxicesla marmorea, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 231.
Male. Upperside greyish-brown : fore wing with a pale yellowish irregular streak along
middle of cell to costa near apex, and a small spot beyond the cell, an indistinct pale streak
below the cell ; apical margin of costa and outer margin pale testaceous alternated with a
short black streak, which extends through the cilia : hind wing uniform pale greyish-brown,
slightly yellowish at base. Body and legs greyish-brown. Antennse brown. Underside uni-
form greyish-brown ; cilia of fore wing with black streaks.
Expanse 1T^ inch.
Hab. — Sasak Taka, Eastern Turkestan, May 16th, 1874.
Differs from O. geographica in being longer in the wings, of a different colour, and
without the two transverse zigzag white bands on the fore wings.
Family — SATURN IID2E.
32. Neoris shaiiidula.
Neons skadulla , Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 577.
Hab. — Shahidula, Kuenlun (R. B. Shaw, 1870).
A distinct species from that figured by Eelder (Nov. Reise, pi. 87, fig. 3), and named
Saturnia stoliczhai, from Ladak.
Tribe-NOCTUES.
Family — B OMB T Cl DM.
33. Acronycta karghaliea.. Plate I, fig. 9.
Acronycta kargalika, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 232.
Female. Eore wing pale silvery brownish-grey ; reniform and orbicular marks whitish,
brown-bordered, and contiguous ; a longitudinal streak from the base, a contiguous trans-
LEPIDOPTERA.
9
verse subbasal recurved line, a cliscal transverse lunular line (crossed near posterior angle by a
short streak), some short costal marks, and a streak on cilia between each vein, brown: hind
wing glossy greyish- white, outer borders and veins pale greyish-brown. Thorax and abdomen
dark grey. Antennae grey. Underside greyish-white : fore wing with greyish-brown costal
streaks and hinder margin : hind wing with brown basal costal streak and discocellular spot.
Palpi brown at sides. Legs grey, femur tipped, tibia longitudinally streaked, and tarsi banded
Avith black.
Expanse 1T37 inch.
Sab. — Karghalik, May 29th, 1874.
Nearest allied to A. tridens, but differs in being darker; the markings are somewhat
similar, but the basal longitudinal streak is shorter, which gives a wider interspace between
the two transverse lines.
Family — AP AMID AS.
34. IIvDHiECiA tieetana. Plate I, fig 21.
llydracia iibetana, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 232.
Male. Fore wing pale reddish- testaceous, crossed by two pale brow narrow lines with pale
inner border, the first line subbasal and outwardly oblique, the other discal ; a submarginal
row of blackish dots and pale marginal line ; orbicular and reniform marks indistinctly defined
by a brown border : hind wing and abdomen paler. Underside palest on middle of wings,
discal line on both tvings and discocellular spot on hind wing slightly perceptible. Antenna,
palpi, and fore legs reddish-testaceous.
Expanse 1TS7 inch.
Sab. — Leh, September 1st, 1873.
35. Mamestra canescens. Plate I, fig. 13.
Mamestra canescens, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 233.
Male. Fore wing brownish-grey : orbicular and reniform marks greyish-white with narroAv
black border ; a short double black streak below the base of the cell, and a quadrate mark
below the orbicular spot ; an indistinct pale submarginal irregular fascia and black marginal
lunular fine Avith whitish inner border : hind wing pale greyish-brown. Antenna? brown.
Underside glossy pale greyish-brown, each wing with indistinct short transverse discocellular
streak.
Expanse If inch.
Sab. — Karghalik, Eastern Turkestan, May 30th, 1874.
36. Mamestra BRAssiciE.
Phal. noct. brassicce, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, p. 516.
Sab. — Srinagar, Kashmir, August 9th.
c
10
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Family — NOCTUIDJE.
37. Agrotis segetttm.
Noctua segetum , Schiff., W. V. p. 252 (1776). — Eversm., Fauna Volgo-Ural, p. 196.
Agrotis segetum, Stepli., Haust. ii, p. 115. — Erschoff, Lep. Turkestan, p. 41.
Hah. — Tankse, Ladak ; Karglialik, Eastern. Turkestan, May 29th.
38. Agrotis aqtjilina.
Noctua aquilinct , Schiff., W. V. p. 80 (1776).
Hah. — Tankse, 13,000 feet, Leh, August 29th, September 8th.
39. Agrotis tibetana. Plate I, fig. 16.
Agrotis Wbetana, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 233.
Upperside : fore wing greyish-brown, with indistinct dusky transverse subbasal double
sinuous line, discal dentate lines, and pale outer-bordered wavy narrow submarginal band,
speckled orbicular spot, and quadrate reniform mark. Cilia with narrow white marginal line :
hind wing brownish- white, veins and outer margin brown ; cilia white. Antennae and body
greyish-brown, tip of abdomen yellowish.
Underside : fore wing greyish- white, dusky -brown basally along the costa and hind margin,
speckled on outer margin : hind wing whitish, an indistinct dusky spot at end of the cell, a
spot medially on each vein, and narrow lunular marginal line. Legs greyish-brown, femora
and tibiae streaked, and tarsi banded, with black.
Expanse If inch.
Hah. — Leh (August 8th, 1873).
40. Sp^elotis undulans. Plate I, fig. 10.
Spcelotis unrlulans, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 233.
Male and female. Eore wing grey-brown, irrorated with darker scales, crossed by sub-
basal and ante and post-medial double pale-bordered undulated brown bands, each ending on
the costa in a darker spot ; a submarginal pale outer-bordered brown wavy fascia, and small
black marginal lunules : hind wing glossy greyish-wliite with brownish-tinged borders, brown
veins and lunular marginal line. Thorax grey-brown, abdomen greyish- white. Antenmc and
palpi greyish-brown. Underside glossy greyish- white. Tibiae streaked, and tarsi banded, with
black.
Expanse lT8g- inch.
Hab.~ -Ak Masjid, June 2nd, south-east of Chiklik, June 5th, 1874, both south of
Yarkand.
Allied to Spcelotis pyropliila.
LEPIDOPTERA.
11
Family — ORTH OSIDJE.
41. Tainiocampa cuiklika. Plate I, fig. 11.
Taniocampa ckiklika, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 234.
Male. Upperside grey : fore wing densely brown-speckled. Cilia with a brown-speckled
line; orbicular and reniform spots pale; an indistinct transverse subbasal sinuous pale-
bordered line : bind wing minutely brown-speckled, and with a pale brown cilia 1 line. Under-
side paler ; both wings uniformly speckled, and with a very indistinct sinuous discal band.
Antennse blackish, shaft grey. Body, palpi, and legs brown-speckled.
Expanse If inch.
Rab. — South-east of Chiklik, June 6th, 1874.
F amily — IIADENIDJE.
42. Hadena stoliczkana. Plate I, fig. 12.
Hadena stoliczkana, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 234.
Male. Eore wing pale greyisli-brown, crossed by three indistinct narrow brown zigzag
double bands ; orbicular spot pale, reniform mark very indistinct ; two black spots below the
apex ; a double narrow marginal blackish lunular line ; some short streaks on the costa :
hind wing with the veins and a broad marginal band fuliginous-brown. Cilia white. Bodv
pale greyish-brown. Antennse brown. Underside greyish- wliite ; both wings crossed by
a distinct curved discal brown band : fore wing with a discocellular brown lunule, and
hind wing with a spot ; a marginal lunular dotted line. Legs grey ; tarsi banded with
black.
Expanse 1| inch.
Rab. — Kufelang (14,810 feet), June 6th, 1874.
Family — T1EL10 THID2E.
43. Heliothis scutosa.
Heliothis scutosa, Seliiff., Wien. Yerz. p. 89 (1773). — Guen., Noct. ii, p. 182.
Rab. — Gaganghir, Kashmir.
44. IlELIOTniS DIPSACEA.
Heliothis dipsacea, Linn. Syst, Nat. ii, p. 856 (1776). — Guen,, Noet. ii, p. 181. — Eversm., Fauna
Volgo-Ural, p. 827. — ErschofT, Lep. Turkestan, p. 48.
Rab. — Posgam, near Yarkand, in lucerne-fields, May 28th. Yangihissar, April.
12
SECOND YAEKAND MISSION.
45. Heliothis iiYBLiEoiDES. Plate I, fig. 20.
Heliothis hyblceoides, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 234.
Upperside : fore wing grey, minutely brown- speckled ; an indistinctly apparent brown
curved streak at end of tbe cell, and a submarginal pale zigzag line : bind wing brownisli-
white, with a broad greyish-black medial transverse band (which is confluent with a curved
discocellular black streak) and a large black oval spot on middle of outer margin ; abdominal
border tinged with brown ; cilia white. Body grey, beneath whitish ; legs greyish-white,
brown-speckled.
Underside greyish- white : fore wing with a dusky -black transverse broad apical band
and an outwardly-oblique medial band : hind wing with a dusky-black dentate streak at end
of the cell, slight medial band, and oval marginal spot.
Expanse If inch.
Hal). — Chiklik, south of Yarkand, June 3rd, 1874.
Family — A CONTI I DJI.
46. Agrophila STJLPHTJRALIS.
Agrophila sulphur alls, Bergstr., Ins. Suee. i, p. 16. — Guen., Noct., ii, p. 206. — Eversm., Fauna Yolgo-
Ural., p. 461.
Ph. trabealis, Scop., Ent. Cam. p. 40.
Agrophila trabealis, Ersclioff, Lep. Turkestan, p. 52.
Hab. — Yarkand.
47. Acontia lucttjosa.
Acontia luduosa, Schiff, Wien. Yerz. p. 90 (1776). — Guen., Noet. ii,p. 223. — Eversm., Fauna Volgo
Ural, p. 331. — Ersclioff, Lep. Turkestan, p. 50.
Hab. — Yangihissar, April.
Family — ERASTR IBM.
48. Bankia argenttjla.
Banhia argentula, Hiibn., Beit., i, p. 9, t. 2, fig. F. (1786).
Hab. — Ak Masjid, south of Yarkand.
Family— CATOCALIBM.
49. Catocala ptjdica, n. sp.
Allied to C.puerpem. Differs from Southern European specimens in the fore wing being
prolonged at the apex and having its exterior margin more oblique ; this wing is also much
paler in colour, and has the two bands of the underside visible from above ; the ante-and
LEPIDOPTERA.
13
postmedial transverse sinuous lines and reniform mark are very indistinct, and the marginal
row of black spots nearly obsolete ; on the bind wing the inner black band is narrower and
less irregularly angled in the middle.
Expanse 2§ inches.
Sab. — Pashkyum, Ladak, 10,870 feet.
This species is described from a specimen taken by the late Mr. R. B. Shaw in 1870, and
now in my own collection. A single wing only of a specimen of what appears to be this
species, is preserved in the collection made by Dr. Stoliczka, having been taken at Sanju,
30th October.
F amily — TOX OCA MP ID SI.
50. Apopestes phantasma.
Noctua phantasma, Eversm., Bull. Mosc. 1843, p. 546.
Sj> i nt her ops ph an tasma, Guen., Noct. ii, p. 422. — Erschoff, Lep. Turkestan, p. 58.
Sab. — Yarkand, 12th November.
Tribe— PYRALES.
Family — B O'YYD/E.
51. Botys plavalis.
Eyralis Jlavalis, S chill:., W. Y. p. 121 (1776).
Sab. — Ak Masjid, south of Yarkand, Sarikol, 2nd May. Yangihissar, April. Posgam,
in lucerne-fields, 28th May.
Family — JENN Y CHID BE.
52. Pyrattsta cuprealis. Plate 1, fig. 26.
Eyrausta cuprealis, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 235.
TJpperside dark cupreous-brown : bind wing with a broad medial discal yellow band.
Underside paler, basal two-thirds of both wings yellow, with brown-speckled subbasal
patch. Antennae black. Body beneath cupreous-black speckled with yellow. Palpi yellow
beneath. Legs yellow, with cupreous speckles.
Expanse | inch.
Sab. — Gaganghir (near Sonamarg), Kashmir.
Family— S COPATIIVJE.
53. Eudorea granitalis. Plate I, fig. 25.
Eudorea granitalis, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 235.
Upperside : fore wing pale brown, crossed by several irregular wavy grey-bordered black
lines ; cilia grey, alternated with black : bind wing greyish-white, traversed by numerous
14
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
short brown striae somewhat regularly disposed between the veins, the wing being suffused
with brown along exterior margin. Cilia grey, with dusky line. Body grey, brown-speckled.
Palpi brown at apex, greyish at base. Legs grey, speckled with black. Underside as
above ; markings paler.
Expanse -/V inch.
Ilab. — South-east of Cliiklik, hills south of Yarkand, 5th June 1874.
54. Etidorea transversalis.
Eudorea transversalis, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 235.
Male. Upperside : fore wing grey, speckled with brown, crossed by an oblique subbasal
and a recurved discal black speckled band; exterior margin black-spotted; some black
speckles at end of the cell : hind wing pale brown, with darker marginal border. Cilia grey,
with brown border. Body grey, brown-and black-speckled. Palpi speckled with black
and white above. Antennae dark brown. Underside pale ochrey-grey. Legs speckled with
grey and black, fore and middle legs with black bands. Female paler, the bands across
the wings broader and more distinct.
Expanse inch.
Hab. — Ighizyar (5,600 feet), 18th May 1874, Yangihissar (4,320 feet), April 1874, both
in Eastern Turkestan.
Tribe— GEOMETRES,
F amily — B 0 All 31 IBM.
55. Hypochroma pseudoterpnaria.
Hypochroma pseudoterpnaria, Guen., Phal. i, p. 276.
Hab. — Uri, Jhilam valley, 23rd July.
56. Gnophos obtectaria.
Gnophos ohtectaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. 35, p. 1597.
Hab. — Sonamarg, Kashmir.
57. Gnophos stoliczkaria. Plate I, fig. 22.
Gnophos stoliczkaria, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 235.
Upperside pale oclireous-grey, minutely brown-speckled, the speckles forming more or
less numerous short transverse stria; ; both wings with an indistinct oval brown spot at end of
the cell, and marginal lunular dotted line : fore wing with a subbasal and discal, and hind
LEPIDOPTERA.
15
wing with a discal, series of dentate brown points. Cilia white. Underside paler ; speckles
sparsely apparent ; cell-spot less distinct.
Expanse If inch.
Hub. — Ak Masjid, south of Yarkand, 2nd June 1874.
Family — GE OME TRIDJE.
58. Geometra eispartita.
Geometra dispartita, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. xxii, p. 520.
Uab. — Beshterek, south of Yarkand, 31st May.
Family — LAllElsTIDJE.
59. Etjpithecia satttiiata.
Eupithecia saturaia, Guen., Pbal. ii, p. 269.
Uab. — Chiklik, hills south of Yarkand, 3rd June.
60. Thera kashghara. Plate I, fig. 23.
Thera kashghara , Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 236.
Epperside pale brownish-cinereous : fore wing crossed by three equidistant pale-bordered
blackish lines, the basal line nearly straight, the second slightly waved, the outer irregu-
larly undulated, each darkest at costal end, the interspace between the two outer ones darker
cinereous-brown ; a slight short sinuous spot at apex ; indistinct paler transverse undulating
lines on outer margin ; a distinct darker marginal narrow line. Underside paler ; transverse
lines very indistinctly visible. Legs dusky-brown above. Antennae brownish.
Expanse 1| in.
Uab. — Chiklik (3rd June 1874), 14,480 feet.
Tribe— ORAMBICES.
Family — EHYCIDjE.
61. UoiifEOSoMA venosella. Plate I, fig. 24.
Homrzosuma venosella, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 236.
Upperside: fore wing pale greyish-ochreous, minutely brown-speckled, the speckles
sparsely disposed along the veins ; having a transverse pale discal indented line and an indis-
tinct space at end of the cell: hind wing cinereous-white with pale brown marginal line. Cilia
white. Body and palpi above greyish-ochreous, paler beneath. Underside whitish-cinereous.
Expanse f inch.
Uab.— Ak Masjid, south of Yarkand (8,870 feet), June 2nd, 1874.
16
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
62. Myelois endtjlosella. Plate I, fig. 27.
Myelois undulosella , Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 236.
Male and female. Upperside ochreous-grey : fore wing speckled with brown, crossed by
two medial oblique undulating pale-bordered blackish lines, both of which are sinuous at the
costal end ; a dark pale-centred streak at end of the cell ; middle of hinder margin and the
outer border grey, the latter with an indistinct pale sinuous line slightly black-speckled ;
cilia whitish, alternated with two dark marginal lines : hind wing pale brownish-cinereous
externally ; cilia white alternated with one dark marginal line, and having a dark patch
situated at the middle of the margin. Body ochreous-grey. Underside pale cinereous.
Expanse If inch.
Sab. — Ak Masjid, south of Yarkand (8,870 feet), June 2nd, 1874 ; Aktala, west of
Yarkand (7,342 feet). May 17th, 1874.
63. Myelois griseella. Plate I, fig. 15.
Myelois griseella, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 236.
Upperside cinereous-grey : fore wing densely irrorated with brown, crossed by two medial
undulating very indistinct speckled lines ; an indistinct streak at end of the cell ; both wings
with an outer marginal narrow brown lunular line : hind wing whitish, with a very pale
cinereous-brown marginal and an indistinct narrow submarginal band. Cilia whitish, with
a narrow marginal dark line. Underside paler cinereous. Head and thorax brownish.
Abdomen cinereous-brown.
Expanse If inch.
Sab. — South-east of Chiklik, south of Yarkand (June 5th, 1874).
Tribe— TORTRICES.
64. CONCHYLIS STOLICZKANA. Plate I, fig. 14.
Conchylis stoliczkana, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 237.
Upperside : fore wing white, with three transverse outwardly oblique ochreous-brown
bands, two inwardly oblique discal bands, and a spot at end of the cell ; a brown-speckled
marginal band : hind wing cinereous-white, with a narrow brown marginal band. Body
white and black-speckled, with white segmental bands. Legs white. Palpi white, brown-
speckled. Underside cinereous-white, outer bands on fore wing indistinctly visible.
Expanse f inch.
Sab. — South-east of Chiklik, (June 5th, 1874).
Tribe— TINEINES.
Family — TINEIDJE.
65. Adela sulzella.
Tinea sulzella , Schiff., W. V. 143 (1776).
Sab. — Gaganghir, Kashmir.
lepidoptera. 17
Family— GELECHIDAi.
66. Depressaria stigmella.
Depressor ia stigmella, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 237.
Fore wing pale brownish-oclireous, greyish along the apical portion of the costa, inter-
spersed with a few dusky speckles ; a dnsky-grey short straight streak at end of the cell,
and a few speckles on outer margin. Legs pale ochreous. Hind wing pale ochreous-white!
Underside of both wings paler.
Expanse T%- inch.
Sab. Yangihissar, Eastern Turkestan, (March 3rd, 1874).
This species is nearest allied to the European D. subpropinquella.
Tabular List showing geographical Distribution.
Kashmir.
Localities where captured.
Geographical Distribution.
Epinephile chena
Aulocera swaha
Synchloe daplidice .....
Colias hyale
Colias fieldii
Eolyommatus galathea
Dipsas odata
Leucophlebia bicolor
Bypercompa principalis ....
Arctia oriental is, n. sp. . .
Mamestra brassicee
De Hot]} is scutosa ......
Eyrausta cuprealis, n. sp
Bypochroma pseud oterpnaria
Gnophos obtectaria
Adela sulzella
Gaganghir ....
Gaganghir ....
Gond, Sonamarg ,
GagangWr ....
Sonamarg ....
Sonamarg.
Gaganghir ....
Hatti Uri ....
Gond, Gaganghir
Sonamarg ....
Srinagur ....
Gaganghir ....
Gaganghir.
Uri
Sonamarg ....
Gaganghir ....
W. Himalayas (Pangi (Basahir) ; Kunawur).
Ditto (Simla).
W. Asia ; Europe.
W. Himalayas (Masuri) ; W. Asia; S. and C. Europe.
Ditto (Masuri) ; Punjab.
Ditto (Upper Kunawur).
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto N. W. Provinces of India (Allahabad).
Ditto India; W. Asia; Europe.
Ditto W. Asia ; Europe.
Ditto Punjab.
Ditto (Simla).
W . Asia ; Europe.
Bipparchia lehana, n. sp.
Ladak.
Leh ; Kharbu.
1
Bipparchia cadesia .....
Leh
I Kashmir.
Aulocera brabmina .....
Dras Valley
Kashmir (Margan Pass).
Argynnis jainadeva
Leh
Kashmir ; Upper Kunawur.
Synchloe brassicee
Leh
Kashmir ; W. Himalayas ; W. Asia ; Europe.
Larnassius charltonius
Kharbu.
RunangPass, 13,000 feet.
Po lyo/nma tus lehanus, n. sp. ...
Leh.
Lolyommatus ariana .....
Dras Valley
Sanga (Puspa Valley); Kashmir; W. Himalayas
Bydreecia tibetana, n. sp
Leh.
Pangi (Basahir).
Agrotis aquilina
Leh
W. Asia ; S. and C. Europe.
Agrotis tibetana, n. sp. .
Leh.
===== —
E
18
SECOND YARKAND MISSION
Tabular List showing geographical Distribution — continued.
Mountain Range between Ladak: (Leh) and Plains oe Yarkand.
Kashmir.
Vanessa ladakensis, n. sp.
Baltia shawii
Colias stoliezkana, n. sp.
Parnassius jacquemontii
Pamassius acco .
Neoris shahidula .
Eadena stoliezhana, n. sp.
Agrotis segetum .
Agrotis aquilina ,
Pyrameis cardui
Synchloe rapes
Colias hyale
Polyommatus hasgharensis,
P. yarhandensis, n. sp.
Euproctis Icarghaliha, n. sp
Euproctis laclea, n. sp
Ptilophora kashghara, n. sp
Acronycta karghalika, n. sp
Mamestra canescens, n. sp.
Agrotis segetum
Eeliothis dipsaeea
Agropkila sulphnralis
Acontia luctuosa .
Catocala pudiea, n. sp.
Apopestes phantasma
Localities where captured.
Gogra, Karatagh Lake.
Aktagh ....
N. of Changla.
N. of Changla .
Lupsang or Lak Zung, 17,537
Shahidula.
Kufelang.
Tankse ....
Tankse ....
Plains of Yabka'nd.
Geographical Distribution.
Chang Lung Pass.
Mountains of Ladak.
Ditto.
N. W. India ; W. Asia ; Europe.
W. Asia ; Europe.
Endorea transversalis, n. sp
Geometra dispartita
Depressaria stigmella, n. sp
sp
Sanju ; Karghalik
Asia ; Africa ; Europe ; N. America.
Yangihissar
W. Asia ; Europe.
Sanju ; Yaugihissar .
W. Asia ; Europe.
Yangihissar.
Yarkand.
Karghalik.
Karghalik.
Yangihissar.
Karghalik.
Karghalik.
Karghalik ....
N. W. India ; W. Asia ; Europe.
Posgam ; Yangihissar
W. Asia ; S. Europe.
Yarkand ....
W. Asia ; S. and C. Europe.
Yangihissar
W. Asia ; S. and C. Europe.
Sanju .....
Paskyum, Ladak, 10,870 feet (Shaw).
Yarkand ; Bora (Shaw)
W. Asia.
Yangihissar; Posgam
W. Asia ; S. and C. Europe.
Yangihissar ; Ighizyar.
Beshterek ....
N. W. India.
Yangihissar.
Hilly Country west and south-west of the Plains of Yarkand.
Synchloe chloridice
Sarikol ....
W. Asia ; S. Europe.
Colias hyale
Sarikol ....
W. Asia; Europe.
Oxicesta marmorea, n. sp
Sasak Taka.
Spodotis undulans, n. sp
Ak Masjid ; Chiklik.
Tceniocampa chiklika, n. sp
Chiklik.
Eeliothis hybleeoides, n. sp
Chiklik.
Bankia argentula
Ak Masjid ....
W. Asia ; Europe.
Botys fiavalis
Ak Masjid ; Sarikol .
W. Asia ; S. and C. Europe.
Eudorea granitalis, n. sp. .
Chiklik.
Gnophos stoliczkaria, n. sp. ...
Ak Masjid.
Ewpithecia salyrafa
Chiklik ....
W. Asia ; S. and C. Europe.
Thera khasgharia, n. sp
Chiklik.
Eomceosoma venosella, n. sp. ...
Ak Masjid.
Myelois undulosella, n. sp
Ak Masjid ; Aktala.
Myelois griseella, n. sp
Chiklik.
Conchylis stoliezkana, n. sp. ...
Chiklik.
Erratum.
In the names at foot of plate for tf Myelois griseola, read Myeiois griseella.
'ferisund Mission.
Lepidoptera Plate I.
I, Colias Stolicz'kana. 2,A&nessa.Ladakensis. 3,Pamassius Charltonius. 4,Hipparahia Leliana. 5,Baltia. Shawii.
6, Polyoiniriat.ua Lehanus, 7.P,Kanhgharerisis. 8 P.Yarkundensis Q.Acronycta Kargalika. 10, Spaslotis undulans.
II, Tsemooampa Obiklika 12,Hadena Stake zkana. 13,Mamestra eanesc&ns. 14, Conckylis Stoliezka.ua. 15, Myelois griseola.
16,Agrotis Tibet ana. 17. Oxycesta marmorea. 18,Euprootis Kargalika. L9.PutaphoraKashgkara. 20,Hekathis Hybkeoides.
21, Hydras aia Tibetana. 22,Gnaplios Stoliczkana. 23, Thera Kashghara. 24,HomEeosomavenosalla. 25,Eu.dorea granitalis.
26,Pyransta cuprealia. 27,Myekas undulosella
>-
Note. — For the
group Curculionidje, see a paper by Dr. Faust in the
Stettiner Eetomologische Zeitung, Band XLYTI., ]>p. 129-157, entitled
Vrrznrhmss auf niter Brier nach Kashgar gemmmelter GtircuMonidw.
Y 21391. 200.— 5/91. 1.978.
xaaxj uuvviiL' iiiitnxiiuy jjaamma v/m.
COLEOPTERA.
GEODEPHAGA and LOAGICORAIA.
By H. W. BATES, E.R.S., E.L.S.
Introductory Remarks.
THE Coleopterous insects of the two great tribes which form the subject of the present
memoir were collected chiefly during the winter months. It is on this account, probably,
that the collection contains so few species of Longicornia, which ought to he abundant in
summer on flowers in the elevated valleys, as they are in Northern Europe, in Siberia, and in
the Rocky Mountains. A similar remark may he made with regard to the Cicindelidce family
of Geodephaga, 4 species only of which were collected, three being Indian, taken in the Jhelam
Valley, and one north of the Himalaya, which proves to he a new species, allied to a species of
Palsearctic type found in the Altai. The Carabidce are more numerous, the species of this
family wintering generally in the imago state and being found readily in their usual haunts
in the autumnal and early spring months. They afford occasion, however, for only one general
remark, namely, that all the species without exception from the region north of the
Himalaya are of European types, eight out of the 63 species collected being identical with
European species, and the remainder either new species of European genera, or species of similar
type previously described from the neighbourhood of the Caspian, or from Western and Northern
Asia. The few that were found at Murree, in the-Jhelam Valley, or in Ladak are either Indian
and subtropical (e.g., Colpodes ovaliceps, Pristomachcerus chalcocephalus, Ilypoli thus perlucens,
&c.), or North Indian modifications of Palsearctic types (c.g.. Car ahus caschmirensis et stolicz-
kanus, Nypsinephus ellipticus ), or well-marked and distinct species of Palsearctic genera, e.g.,
Eradytus compactus , Acinopus striolatus, Harpalus japonicus, Anchomenus politissimus,
Molops piligerus.
GEOBJEPIIAGA.
1. — ClCINDELA STOLICZKANA.
Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 713.
C. Burmeisteri ( Fisch .) affinis, sed minor, Horace hreviori, etc. Nigra corpore subtus ,
pedibus, antennarumque basi chalybeo-violaceis, elytris lunula Jmmerali et apicali ( hac antice
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
or
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
COLEOPTERA.
GEODEPHAGA and LONGICORNIA.
By H. W. BATES, E.E.S., E.L.S.
Introductory Remarks.
THE Coleopterous insects of the two great tribes which form the subject of the present
memoir were collected chiefly during the winter months. It is on this account, probably,
that the collection contains so few species of Longicornia, which ought to be abundant in
summer on flowers in the elevated valleys, as they are in Northern Europe, in Siberia, and in
the Rocky Mountains. A similar remark may be made with regard to the Cicindelidce family
of Geodephaga, I species only of which were collected, three being Indian, taken in the Jhelam
Valley, and one north of the Himalaya, which proves to be a new species, allied to a species of
Pala3arctic type found in the Altai. The Carabidce are more numerous, the species of this
family wintering generally in the imago state and being found readily in their usual haunts
in the autumnal and early spring months. They afford occasion, however, for only one general
remark, namely, that all the species without exception from the region north of the
Himalaya are of European types, eight out of the 63 species collected being identical with
European species, and the remainder either new species of European genera, or species of similar
type previously described from the neighbourhood of the Caspian, or from Western and Northern
Asia. The few that were found at Murree, in the-Jhelam Valley, or in Ladak are either Indian
and subtropical {e.g., Colpodes ovaliceps, Prislomachcerus chalcoceplialus, Ilijpolithus perlucens,
&c.), or North Indian modifications of Pakearctic types {e.g., Carubus caschmirensis et stolicz-
kanus , Hypsinephus ellipticus), or well-marked and distinct species of Palsearctic genera, e.g.,
Brady tus compactus, Acinopus striolatus , Earpalus japonicus, Anchomenus politmimus,
Molops piligerus.
GEODEPHAGA.
1, — ClCINDELA STOLICZKANA.
Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 713.
C. Burmeisteri ( Fisch .) affinis, sed minor, tliorace breviori, etc. Nigra corpore subtus,
pedibus , antennarumgue basi chalybeo-violaceis, elytris lunula humerali et apicali ( hac antice
A
2
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
in maculam rotundatam dilatata) fasciaque mediana, lata, abbreviata, recta, flavo-albis ;
fronte inter oculos concava, subtiliter strigosa, albo-hirta ; thorace brevi, lateribus fere rectis,
supra subtilissime granulatim-strigoso : etytris minute, baud confertim granulatis ; palpis
nigris, albo-setosis : labro albo, convexo : antice medio rotundatim producto, unidentato :
corpore subtus pedibusque sparsim albo-pilosis.
Long. 6 — 7^ lin.
In colour, sculpture, and form of labrum closely resembling C. burmeisteri (Fischer),
but of shorter and less convex form ; the thorax also being relatively smaller and the elytra
more obtusely rounded at the apex. The white marks of the elytra are more numerous and
much larger. They are variable in extent and sometimes all blended together along the
lateral margin ; but the characteristic feature of the non-flexuous, but broad and only slightly
oblique, median belt remains constant. The apical lunule always forms a narrow border at
the apex of the elytra, but expands into a large rounded spot at its anterior extremity.
Bab. — Without locality. Taken by Stoliczka shortly before his decease, probably on
the northern slopes of the Kuen-lun. My specimens of C. burmeisteri came from the
Tarbagatai Mountains.
2. — ClCINDELA INTERMEDIA.
Chaudoir, Bull. Moscou, 1852, i. p. 6.
Hab. — Jhelam Yalley.
3. — ClCINDELA LIMBATA.
Wiedemann, Zool. Mag. ii, i. (182b), p. 64.
Jlab.— Jhelam Yalley. A single example.
4. — COLLYRIS ORTYGTA.
Buquet, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1835, p. 604.
Chaud., Monogr. Collyr. p. 502, t. 7, f. 6.
Bab . — Jhelam Valley. Tbe single specimen of this species presents scarcely any points
of difference from others with which I have compared it taken near Calcutta.
5. — Nebria psammophila.
Solsky, Fedchenko’s Turkestan, Zool. tom. ii, v, Coleoptera i, p. 12.
Differs from Solsky’s diagnosis only in the clearer-red head and thorax, these members
according to him being “ picescentibus.”
Bab. — “ Dras, Kargil, and Leh ” ; many examples. Fedchenko took it in Kokand, near
the river Kizil-su.
COLEOPTEE/A.
3
6. — NeBRIA LIMBI GERA.
Solsky, Fedchenko’s Turkestan, l.c. Col. i. p. 13.
Hab. — One example, same locality as the above. Differs from N. psammophila by its
larger size and black abdomen. Eedcbenko found it in Kokand, “ near the Kizil-su and in
the bills near the river Isphavia.”
7. — Carabus caschmirensis.
Carahis caschmirensis, Hollar & Eedtenbacker, in HUgel’s “ ICasmir, etc.” iv. 2 (1844), p. 499, t. 23, f. 4.
lithariophorus, Tatum, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, xx (1847), p. 14.
Hab. — Murree. One example, ? .
8. — Carabus stoliczkanus.
Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 713.
C. cashmirensi ( Koll .) affinis. Maxhne elongatus, angustus, niger subnitidus : thorace
late mb-cordato- quadra to, angulis posticis retrormm productis, acutis : el girls angwtis , post
medium perparum rotundato-dilatatis, dorso tuberculorum triplici serie, inter se carina tunc a
separatis. Menti dente verticaliter exstanti , valde compresso ; labro medio triangulariter
emarginato.
Long. 14 — 15 lin.
Resembles C. caschmirensis in the form of head, labrum, and tooth of mentum. The
thorax is also similar in shape, but scarcely so broadly rounded on the anterior part.
The elytra are very different both in shape and sculpture ; they are narrower and more
parallel in outline and much less convex, and the sculpture, instead of a triple row of narrow
elongate tubercles, each row separated by a triple line of granules, consists of three distinct
rows of larger, oblong tubercles, separated by a single continuous elevated line. There are,
however, only two of those lines, between the 1st and 2nd and the 2nd and 3rd rows ; the
sutural border being an irregularly-crenated elevation, and the margin, exterior to the 3rd
row, consisting of a confused coarse reticulation, with traces of a 4th row of minor tubercles.
Hab. — Murree. Two examples.
9. — Calosoma orientals.
Chaudoir, Ann. Soc. Ent. Prance 1869, p. 368.
Syn. P C. orientate, Hope, Trans. Zool. Soc. i. p. 92.
Hab. — Kogyar: Sind Valley: “ Dras, Karghil, and Leh.” The specimens vary a little
in the degree of regularity of the fine cross-strise of the interstices ; but there is no other
character to indicate that they form more than one variable species.
Hab.~ Jhelam Valley,
tion above cited.
10.— Scarites inconspicuus.
Cliaudoir, Bull. Mosc. 1855, i. p. 82.
One example agreeing precisely with Baron Chaudoir’s descrip.
A 1
4
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
11. — SCARITES ARENARITJS.
Bonelli, Obs. Entom. 2, p. 40.
Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc. 1855, i, p. 86.
Sab. — Yangihissar. A widely-distributed species, throughout the basics of the Medi-
terranean and the Caspian; but not hitherto recorded from regions further east. Solsky
includes the allied species, Sc. persicus (Chaud.), among the insects taken by Eedchenko
in Turkistan. The Yangihissar examples agree better with Sc. arenarius, haying two
denticulations above the digitation of the anterior tibiae ; they are, however, rather more
elongated than specimens from Algiers and Imeritia with which I have compared them.
The siz e is 8| — 9| lin.
12. — Dyschiritts ordinatus.
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1873, p. 240.
Sab. — Pamir, between Sirikol and Panga. I see no definite character to separate this
small species from I). ordinatus, hitherto known only from Japan.
13. — Broscus. punctatus.
Dejean, Spec. Gen. Col. ill, p. 431.
Sab. — No locality, probably near Yarkand. A widely-distributed Oriental species, being
recorded from Egypt, Mesopotamia, Nepaul, and China.
14. — Pristomacii/erus chalcocephaltjs.
Wiedm., Zool. Mag. ii, i, p, 57.
Sab. — Jhelam Valley. One example, differing from the original Hongkong specimen
only in the squarer form of both the yellow elytral spots.
Closely allied to Pristomaclicerus messii of Hongkong (Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1873,
p. 324). It differs a little in colour and the form of the anterior elytral spot from Wiede-
mann’s description.
15. — Chljenius spoliatus, var. inderiensis.
Chlcenius spoliatus, Rossi., var. inderiensis, Motschulsky, Bull. Mosc. 1864, ii, p. 346.
Sab. — Yangihissar. One example, agreeing perfectly with the above-cited description
of a remarkable variety of this widely-distributed species, hitherto recorded only from the
borders of lake Indiersk. The type-form occurs throughout nearly the whole Palsearctic
region, from the western shores of Europe to Japan.
COLEOPTERA.
5
16. — CHLiENITJS TENTJELIMBATUS.
Ballion, Bull. Mosc. 1870, ii, p. 326.
Solsky in Fedchenko’s Turkestan, Zoology, tom. ii, v. Coleop., p. 62.
CLaudoir, Monogr. Clil»nius., p. 263 (1876).
Bab. — Ladakh. Found also near Samarkand and Kodjend. I have compared the
numerous examples in Stoliczka’s collection with a specimen received from Russia, as taken
in “ Turkestan,” and find no essential difference : the Turkestan specimen has a rather
broader thorax, but otherwise of the same shape, so distinct from that of the following species
which is subcordate with prominent and acute hinder angles.
17. — CULiENIUS LiETITJSCULTTS ?
Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc. 1856, ii, p. 24S, id., Monogr. Chlsenius, p. 264.
Hah. — Ladakh. Also in Northern Hindostan.
18. — Acinoptts striolatus ?
Zoubkoff, Bull. Mosc. 1833, 317.
P. d. 1. Brulerie, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1873, p. 256.
Uab. Sind Valley. A much damaged example, which I refer doubtfully to this species
as a small variety. It is Or,- lines long and of narrow cylindrical form, and the elytral
striae, although fine and with perfectly plane interstices, are more strongly impressed
than in striolatus. The species occurs in the basin of the Caspian, and was taken near Tash-
kend by Fedchenko.
19. — Daptus vittatus.
Fischer, Ent. Buss, ii, p. 38, 46, f. 7.
Dej., Sp. Gen. iv, p. 19.
Bab.-— Yangihissar. One example.
20. — Dichirotrichus alticola.
Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 713,
D. amplipennis {Bates) proxime a finis, difert colore pallidiori et thoracis angulis posticis
rotundatis. Oblongus, supra testaceo-fulvus , capite {maculis rufis exceptis ) thoracis disco
macula alteraque postico-discoidali elytrorum, nigro-ccneis : palpis apice acuminatis : capite
et thorace grosse subsparsim pmctatis , hoc postice angustato, angulis posticis oblique rotun-
datis, margine postice arcuato : clytris striatis, interstiliis medio leviter culminato-convexis
bkeriatim punctatis : corpore subtus nigro : antennis fuscescentibus. $ tarsi duo antici
articulis 1 — 3 ovatis, 4 bilobo.
Long. 2^ lin.
Agrees with D. amplipennis (China), J). tenuimanus (Japan), B. discicollis, Dej., and
others in its acuminate palpi, in which these eastern species differ from their West European
6
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
congeners. The three basal dilated joints of the $ anterior tarsi are not triangular, hut
ovate, their angles being perfectly rounded. Underneath, the dilated male joints are clothed
with long ragged scale-hairs, loosely arranged ; hut this is the case with the European species
of the genus ; and the statement of Schaum and others is therefore erroneous, that they are
“ spongiosi ” and bring the genus within the Anisodacty lines sub-family. The genus is, in
fact, allied to Ophonus. The upper surface of D. alticolus is light tawny or reddish-brown,
redder on the thorax and a large spot on each side of the head. The rest of the head is
brassy-black. The disk of the thorax has a dusky spot, sometimes indistinct. The disk of
the elytra has, posteriorly, covering interstices 3 and 4, an elongate black spot. The
species is closely allied to the South Russian and Turkestan D. discicollis, Dej., differing
chiefly in the obliteration of the hinder angles of the thorax.
Sab. — Pamir, between Sirikol and Panga.
21. — HAEPABTJS C2EETTLEATUS.
Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 714
-E 'longato-oblongus, glaber, thorace transversim quadrato, postice distincte angustato,
lateribus aveuatis , angiitis post ids votuiidatis , basi utrinque late suberebre punctato, margine
basali bisinuato : elytris apice foriiter sinuatis , supra striatis , interstitiis plants impunctatis,
ertio unipunctato.
$ . Supra capite thoraceque nigris polilis, elytris caeruleis, subviolaceis, nitidis ; antennis
nigris , articulo basali rufo : corpore subtus nigro, pectore medio pedibusque rufopiceis ; abdo-
mine medio niiido. Immaturo toto corpore castaneo-rufo , nitido, elytris violaceis.
^ . Nigro-vel rufo-castanea , raro obscuro-nigra ; elytris opacis interdum violaceo-tinctis,
apice fortius (jut in H. aeneo 9 ) sinuatis.
An elongate species, similar in form to S. liospes (Sturm), but without its punctuation.
Thorax slightly narrowed behind, with hinder angles, but blunted or rather rounded at their
apices. The elytra are destitute of punctuation, except the usual marginal row, and their
apices are rather deeply sinuate in both sexes, but most so in the ? . The sexual diversity
in colour is constant in mature individuals, the male having the head and thorax glossy
black, with violet blue elytra ; the female being chestnut-red or brown, with elytra sometimes
tinged with violet. Terminal spur of the anterior tibise lanceolate, simple.
Sab. — Yangihissar and Kogyar.
22. — Haepaltjs melaneus.
Bates, Proc.SZool. Soc. 1878, p. 714
H. calceato (Dufts.) forma coloreque simiUs, at thorace fere impunctato angulisque posti-
cis obtusis. Oblongus, modice elongatus, niger nitidus, elytris $ opacis ; antennis et palpis
nigris , articulis omnibus apice piceo-rufis : thorace transversim quadrato, postice leviter
angustato, angulis posticis obtusis lateribus antice modice arcuaiis, basi utrinque cage vix
punctato, fovea lineari impresso : elytris apice paullulum sinuatis, supra convexis , simpliciter
striatis, interstitiis modice convexis , tertio unipunctato.
Long. 6 lin.
COLEOPIERA.
7
Similar in size, form, and colour to the European 3. calceatus ; convex, posterior part of
elytra most so. Colour in the deep shining black above and beneath, in the $ the elytra
opaque. The legs are more or less piceous, especially the tarsi. The antennae and the palpi
are pitchy-black, the joints in all tipped with dull rufous. The thorax is very moderately
rounded anteriorly, and gradually and slightly narrowed behind to the base, the hind angles
being not quite rectangular and obtuse at their apices. The base on each side is very faintly
roughened and not distinctly punctured, and the fovea is rather distinct and linear.
Terminal spur of the anterior tibise lanceolate-acute, simple.
Rab. — Sind Valley. Hurree. Near Leh.
23. — HaRPALPS TPRCPLPS.
Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 714.
Oblongus, niger, nitidus, $ sericinitens, antennis articulo primo rufo, paljris apice
Jlavis : capite modice angusto , Icevi : thorace quadrato, cmtice prope angulos rotundato-cmgustato
postice lateribus exacte parallelis, elytris multo angustiori, angulis posticis rectis, supra im.
punctato : elytris utroque sexu apice fortiter sub rede sinualis, supra subtiliter striatis, intersti -
tiis planis, tertio unipunctato : metasterno grosse sparsim punctato.
Long. 4 lin.
Very similar in colour in both sexes to R. liodes ; but differing in the smaller size,
narrow thorax, and strongly-sinuated apices of the elytra. The head is not notably wide,
the eyes are only slightly projecting, and the forehead is remarkably even and smooth. The
antennae reach the base of the thorax ; they are black and have the basal article constantly
red. The thorax is parallel-sided from the base to the middle; it is then gently arcuated
and nearer the head much narrowed. The elytra have the same silky gloss, plane interstices,
and fine striae as II. liodes. Terminal spur of anterior tibiae long, curved, lanceolate.
Rob. — No locality. Probably near Yarkand.
24. — HARPALPS JAPONICPS.
Morawitz, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. v. 1863, 327.
Rah. — Murree. Many examples differing in no material respect from those of China,
Japan, and Eormosa.
25. — Harp alps— ■ ?
A single specimen ? ; indeterminable.
20. — Harpalps indicola.
Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 714.
El ngato-oblongus, anguslior , nigerriwus, $ magis, $ minus, nitidus, palpis et antennis
fulvis : thorace quadrato , lateribus leniter arcuatis, postice longe et modice angustato, angulis
posticis paullo obtusis ; basi toto subsparsim punctato et paulo rugoso, fovea utrinqne obliqua :
elytris convexis, apice modice sinuatis, supra striatis ( $ fortius), interstitiis vix convexis , tertio
puncto conspicue impresso : sternis et ventro lateribus grosse hand prof unde punctatis.
Long. 5 lin.
%
8 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Smaller and narrower than R. melaneus ; head also much smaller or narrower. In form it
approaches the European R. tenebrosus (Dej.), hut the thorax is different in shape, the
sides being more arcuated and contracted gradually behind to the base which they join at an
obtuse angle. The colour is the same as in R. melaneus, except that the antennse and palpi
are reddish-tawny ; but this is liable to variation. The elytral striae are sharply impressed,
and become deeper at the apex. The terminal spur of the anterior tibiae is moderately long,
with the basal half dilated but not dentate.
Rah. — Murree.
27. — Harpaltjs masoreoides.
Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 715.
Parvus , niger subsericeus, Icbvis, partibus oris antennisque flavo-testaceis, pedibus magis
rufescentibus : thorace transverso, elytris vix angustiori, antice gradatim paullulum angustato,
angulis posticis rotundatis, leevi, foveola basali utrinque oblonga, murginibus rufescentibus ;
elytris oblongis, apice late obtusis leniter sinuatis, supra striatis, striis minutissime punctulatis,
inter stitiis vix convexis, marginibus rejlexis et epipleuris piceorufis : menti denie triangulari,
acuto.
Long. 2^ lin.
The obtuse-angled thorax and apex of elytra, with the general form and smoothness, give
this little species the appearance of a Masoreus. The head is small, obtuse, smooth, and
polished ; the eyes very slightly prominent ; the frontal fovea is round and well-defined. The
antennae are rather longer than the head and thorax taken together ; they are yellow, with
more or less dusky on their pubescent joints. The spur of the anterior tibiae is obtusely
lanceolate, not dilated ; the external angle of the apex of the tibiae has three short and very
stout, obtuse spines.
1 Sab. — Pamir Steppe, between Sirikol and Panga.
28. — Harpaltjs liodes.
Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 715.
Ovatus, latus, modice convexus, niger , serici-nitens, ? serici-opacus, antennis palpisque
piceo-rufis, illis nigromaculatis , tarsis piceo-rujis : capite lato , Icevigato, oculis minus promi-
nulis ; thorace valde transverso, antice angustato, postice multo latiori, angulis posticis rectis,
fere impunctato : elytris ovalis, apice paullulum sinuatis, supra sub liliter striatis, inter stitiis
plants, tertio minute unipunctato : tibiis intermcdiis utroque sexu arcuatis.
Long. 5 — 5l~ lin.
Resembles much large species of the genus Amara. Thorax shorter in relation to the
width than in R. bremcornis (Germ.), or any other species of the genus known to me. The
head is broad and the forehead flattened and smooth. The thorax is narrower at the apex
than at the base ; but the sides from the slightly dilated anterior part are slightly rounded,
or nearly parallel to the hind angles, which latter are rectangular but blunt at their apex :
the disc is obscurely wrinkled and there are a very few punctures in the shallow basal fovese ;
otherwise the surface is impunctate. The antennae are short and far from reaching the base
COLEOPTERA.
9
of the thorax. The elytra are ovate not wider at the base than the thorax, very slightly
sinuated near their apex ; the striae are very fine, faintly punctulate, and the interstices flat
and impunctate throughout, except the marginal one and the customary one on the third.
The colour is deep black, with a bright silky gloss in the
COLEOPTERA.
25
PIIYTOPHAGA.
By JOSEPH S. BALY, E.L.S.
The Phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Dr. Stoliczka, although few in number, and
containing no striking novelties, are extremely interesting in relation to geographical distribu-
tion. The 25 species contained in the collection belong to no less than 21 genera, out of
which Nodostorna, Enneamera, Charcea, Macrima, Mimastra, Merista, and Leptorthra (one-
third of the whole) are exclusively Asiatic ; Faria has its metropolis in America, hut is spar-
ingly represented in Japan, China, and Eastern Siberia; Luperodes is largely spread through-
out the Asiatic continent, and is also found (according to v. Harold, whose accuracy cannot
he doubted) in South America and Abyssinia; of the twelve others, five are cosmopolitan,
and the rest occur abundantly in Europe. Out of the 25 species, one only, Elagiodera versico-
lora , Laich. ( armoracice , Auct.), is found in Europe ; seven, Lema coromandeliana , Clytra
palliata, Enneamera variabilis, Galleruca indica , Gallerucella placida , Merista interrupia ,
and Leptarthra collaris, occur in various parts of British India ; two, M altica ccerulescens and
E. viridicyanea, have been described by myself from Japan ; and one Clirysomela angelica ,
Reiche, is not uncommon in Syria ; the fourteen others have not as yet been found in any
other locality, and seventeen species are described for the first time in the present paper.
1. — Lema. coromandeliana, Eabr., var. prjeusta.
Crioceris praiusta, Fabr., Ent. Syst. i, 2, p. 8 ; Lema prceusta, Lac., Mon. Phyt. i, p. 340.
Mab. — Jhelara Valley. A single specimen.
2. — Clytra palliata.
Clythra palliata , Fabr., Syst. El. ii, p. 30.
Mab. — Jhelam Valley ; also various parts of India.
3. — COPTOCEPHALA DUBIA.
Baly, Cyst. Ent. ii. 1875—82, p. 370.
Subelongata, subcylindrica, nitida, subtus nigra , argenteo sericea, prothorace pedibnsque
fulvis; supra fulva, capitis verticenigro ; thorace Icevi ; scutello piceo ; elytris tenuiter punc-
tatis, fascia communi baseos, extrorsum abbreviata, alteraque vix pone medium nigris.
Long. 2iy lin.
Vertex black, impunctate, lower face fulvous, a ray of the same colour extending upwards
on the vertex ; front deeply excavated between the eyes, irregularly punctured ; anterior
26
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
margin of clypeus concave-emarginate. Thorax rather more than twice as broad as long ;
sides rounded, converging from behind the middle to the apex ; the anterior angles obtuse, the
hinder ones rounded ; disc transversely convex, shining, impunctate, excavated on either side
near the lateral margin. Scutellum trigonate, piceous. Elytra scarcely broader than the
thorax, parallel, very finely punctured ; the black markings on their surface extend from the
base nearly to the middle of the disc, and again from the middle itself nearly to the apex,
leaving only an irregular flavous transverse hand across the middle, which sends a narrow
ramus along the suture nearly to the base.
Sab. — Murree.
4. — COPTOCEPHALA DIMIDIATIPENNIS.
Baly, Cist. Ent. ii, 1875—82, p. 371.
Subelongata, sttbcylindrica, flava, nitida, corpore inferiori, capite , elytrorumque limbo
inflexo, fulvo hirsutis, tliorace Icevi ; elytris tenuiter punctatis, nigris, a basi ad paulo ante
medium flavis.
Long. 3 — 8| lin.
Head clothed with long, erect hairs, minutely punctured ; clypeus not separated from the
face, its anterior margin angulate-emarginate ; apex of jaws black ; antennae equal in length
to the head and thorax, the basal joint thickened, pyriform, the second also thickened, short,
nodose, the third small, not longer than the second, the fourth trigonate, scarcely longer than
the third, the rest to the apex dilated, the fifth to the ninth transversely trigonate, the tenth
and eleventh ovate ; eyes large, oval, notched on the inner margin. Thorax nearly three times
as broad as long ; sides obtusely rounded, slightly converging in front, the hinder angles
rounded, the anterior ones very obtuse ; basal margin sinuate on either side the median lobe,
the latter slightly reflexcd, very obtusely rounded ; upper surface transversely convex, remotely
and very minutely punctured, a concave transverse space on and immediately in front of the
basal lobe, coarsely and closely punctured. Scutellum longer than broad, subtrigonate, its
apex obtuse. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax at the base, slightly dilated posteriorly,
convex, rather distantly and finely punctured. Eody beneath and legs clothed with long,
erect fulvous hairs.
I possess two specimens of this species, both labelled India, but without precise locality ;
in one of them the head is more coarsely punctured and subrugose, in all other respects it
agrees with the type.
Sab. — Jhelam Valley ; also India, my collection.
5. — Cryptocepiialtts interjecttjs.
Baly, Cist. Ent. ii, 1875—82, p. 372.
Elongato-oblongus $ , oblongus $ , convexus, nitidus, subtus niger, pedibus nigro-piceis ;
supra flavus, capite hie illic parcc for titer punctato, front e sulco longitudinali impresso ; ver-
tice, maculis duabus inter oculos, labro, antennisque nigris, his basi, sulco longitudinali, mandi -
bulisque piceis ; thorace Icevi, limbo angusto et utrinque macula subrotundatd nigris ; scutello
subcordato, nigro ; elytris j or titer punctato-slriatis, punctis piceis, apicem versus minus
COLEOPTERA.
27
fortiter impressis ; interspatiis convexis, transversim rugulosis ; utrisque limbo angusto, exter-
no ante medium excepto , maculisque quinque 2, 2, 1 dispositis nigris.
Long. 2| lin.
Var. A. Eygidio corporeque subtus flavis, Mo macula cuneiformi , pectore, abdominisque
disco nigris.
Var. JB. Corpore nigro, antennarim basi, clypeo, faciei signaturis, thoracisque lined
longitudinali sordide flavis.
Head rather coarsely hut not closely punctured, the puncturing varying in degree in
different individuals ; front impressed with a distinct longitudinal groove ; clypeus broader
than long, trigonate ; antennae three-fourths the length of the body in the $ , rather longer
in the $ , the three lower joints pale piceous, the rest black. Thorax rather more than twice
as broad as long at the base ; sides moderately rounded and obliquely converging from base
to apex ; basal margin concave-emarginate on either side, the outer angles produced back-
wards, acute ; above convex, minutely hut not closely punctured. Elytra slightly broader than
the thorax, oblong-quadrate, convex, rather strongly punctate-striate, the punctures piceous,
finer, and less strongly impressed towards the apex ; interspaces faintly hut distinctly convex,
transversely wrinkled ; each elytron with the extreme outer limb (interrupted on the lateral
margin before its middle) and five large patches black ; these spots are arranged as follows :
two transversely below the base, the outer one oblong, covering the humeral callus and
attached to the basal margin, the inner one subrotundate, placed on the inner disc ; two just
below the middle also placed transversely, both subrotundate, the outer one usually attached
to the lateral margin ; and, lastly, one apical, transversely oblong, either free or attached to
the apical border ; these patches are often more or less confluent, and occasionally, as in
var. B, cover the entire surface of the elytron. Pygidium and body beneath clothed with
griseous hairs. Apical margin of prosternum obliquely produced, deflexed, slightly emar-
ginate, the hinder margin concave, armed on either side with a deflexed, obtuse tooth ;
mesosternum transverse, its apical border angulate-emarginate. Apical segment of abdo-
men in the $ impressed with a shallow fovea ; the same segment in the ? deeply excavated,
the fovea large, rotundate. Basal joint of the four anterior tarsi in the
the surface is very pruinose ; it is finely punctured.
The male has the flahellum of the antennae twice as long as the female, it being quite as
long as joints 2 to 7 together ; the front tibiae do not show much difference in the sexes ; they
are rather stout and distinctly tridentate. The ventral segments in the male are not impres-
sed along the middle, hut are a little flattened, and almost free from punctuation.
The species is remarkable on account of the divided front of the head ; a trans-Caucasian
species which I received some time ago from M. Deyrolle as It. porosus agiees with it in
this respect, hut has the ventral segments densely pubescent, while in R. bilobus these same
parts are hare. The species is variable in colour and size.
Yangihissar, April 1874. About twenty individuals, mostly much injured, and probably
picked up dead. Also Kogyar, 31st May to 2nd June.
Rhinyptia (Munich Cat.).
28. — Rhinyptia dorsalis, Burm.
Jhelam Valley, July 1873. Two specimens.
Anomala (Munich Cat.).
29. — Anomala striolata, Blanchard.
A single individual of an Anomala found at Murree differs from the description of
Blanchard’s A. striolata only by some details of colour, the most important of which is that the
under-surface and legs are purple. Specimens in my own collection, labelled India, are prob-
ably conspecifie with the Murree individual, though they do not quite agree in all details-
In a genus like Anomala, where many species are so extremely variable in colour, it is not
advisable to make new specific names on the evidence of such slight differences.
30.— Anomala* stoliczk.®, n. sp.
Ovata, minus convexa , Icetissime viridis, nitidissima, elytris subopacis, antennis nigris ;
capite thoraceque Icevigatis ; elytris seriebus duplicate punctorum tribus, et inter eas sat
crebre punctatis.
Long. 12| mm., lat. 6^ mm.
Of a very beautiful, brilliant, golden-green colour, with the elytra pure green and but
little shining. The thorax is narrowed towards the front, with the anterior angles acute and
prominent, the posterior ones well marked and slightly obtuse ; the raised margin is very
distinct, and is wanting only from the middle both in front and behind. The scutellum is
impunctate and shining, like the thorax. The punctuation of the elytra is rather fine and
scanty ; they have some irregular and unsymmetrical black spots, which are probably only
accidental. The propygidium is rugose; the pygidium is rugose at the base, and is elsewhere
* Genus Callistethus, Blanchd.
COLEOPTEEA.
51
sparingly punctured, but close to the sides there is also a narrow rugose hand. The meta-
sternum, except in the middle, and the hind coxae are coarsely punctured, and sparingly
pubescent ; the ventral segments are smooth in the middle and very shining ; at the sides
each has some coarse punctuation bearing a row of coarse setae ; the side of each segment
at the base is purple. The legs are brilliant green, with the tarsi approaching to purple.
Of this beautiful species a single individual was found at Murree.
Popiiia (Munich Cat.).
31. — Popilia cyanea, Hope.
Sind Valley, August 1873. A dozen individuals.
Adoretus (Munich Cat.).
32. — Adoretus plagtatus, Burm.
The species of Adoretus at the present moment are excessively difficult to name with
certainty : the specimens I here call A. plagiatus agree writh Burmeister’s description, but are
four-and-a-half or five lines long, instead of three-and-a-half. The species may readily be
distinguished from A. nudiusculus by the deeply serrate margins of the labrum ; the two species
are also a little different in colour, punctuation, and pubescence.
Jhelam Valley, July 1873.
33. — Adoretus nudiusculus, n. sp.
Testaceus, clypeo ferrugineo, fronte fusca , nitidula, parcius brevissimeque setosus ;
prothor ace for titer punctate >, lateribus subcrenulatis, angulis posterioribus omnino rotundatis ;
elytris obsolete costatis, for titer pmetatis.
Long. 9-| mm., lat. 5J- mm.
A short and moderately broad species. Head moderately large, rather coarsely and closely,
but not deeply, punctured. Labrum with narrow, but elongate, appendage, which is very
finely carinate along the middle ; the margins of the labrum are only indistinctly crenu-
late the basal portion is punctate, and bears short hairs. The thorax has the hinder angles
much rounded, the basal margins fine, but quite even throughout, being neither more nor less
strongly elevated at the sides than in the middle; the side margin is indistinctly crenulate;
the surface is rather coarsely, but not closely, punctured, the punctures are evenly distributed,
beino- about as numerous and distinct on the middle as at the sides. The elytra have three
indistinct longitudinal spaces free from punctures, and between these are moderately coarsely
]Hinctured^.pec^s ^ remarkable from the very slight development of the pubescence : it is
perhaps more nearly allied to A. nigrifrons than to any other species, but it is much smaller,
and the pubescence is much slighter. The only individual I have seen is no doubt a female ;
it has the legs quite short, the anterior tibise stout and tridentate.
Jhelam Valley, July 1873. A single individual.
52 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
34 — Adoretus simplex, n. sp.
Angustulus , parallelus, sat elongatus, testaceus, densius albidosetosus, svbopacus, subtus
parcius setosus, nitidus ; clypeo rotundato, in medio alte rejlexo ; protliorace basi cequaliter
et tcnuiter marginato, angulis poster ioribus rotundatis; elytris obsoletissime costatis, crebrius
punctatis.
Long. 10 mm., lat. 4| mm.
Tlie labrum is shining, the basal part is rather large, and has a series of small tubercles
arranged at a distance from the rather deeply serrate edge ; the appendicular portion is broad,
but is not distinctly carinate along the middle. The punctuation of the head seems close!
but is quite obscured by the conspicuous depressed white setse or hairs. The thorax is not
very short (for the genus Adoretus) ; the raised margin is fine, and is not more strongly elevated
at the base near the side than elsewhere ; the hinder angles are rounded, but not broadly so •
its punctuation is only moderately close and coarse. The elytra are rather closely punctured’
and have only indistinct longitudinal costae.
The specimen described is no doubt a male; it has the legs moderately W, and the
anterior tibiae tridentate.
I am unable to point out any near described ally for this species, although I have several
closely allied undescribed Indian species in my collection.
Jhelam Valley, July 1873.
Pentodon (Munich Cat.).
35.— Pentodon truncatus, n. sp.
Nigro-piceus, nitidus , capite anterius truncate, angulis inter se distantibus tuberculo
longitudinali acuto, fronte in medio tuber culis duobus minutis ; prothorace fortiter punctato
basi ad angulos posteriores tenuiter marginato ; elytris sat crebre hand profund punctatis
seriebus duplieatis hand distinctis. *
Long. 19 — 20 mm., lat. 12 mm.
Head finely and densely rugose, in the middle with two minute tubercles, in front trun-
cate and not margined; the unmargined part terminated on each side by a distinct longitudi-
nal tubercular elevation ; lateral portions of head with a thick elevated margin. Thorax with
the hinder angles completely rounded, and the fine lateral margin continued along the base till
the commencement of the slight sinuation on each side ; the surface is shining - the punctua
tion is moderately fine and not close about the base and the middle; it is closer about the
front and sides, and quite dense and coarse towards the anterior angles. The sutural stria of the
elytra is very distinct, but only indistinctly punctured ; of the three double longitudinal series
of the elytra only the inner one is distinct; the punctuation of the elytra is moderately close
the surface completely shining. The pygidium is sparingly punctured, but is rugose at each
side angle, and there are some obscure, fine, transverse rug® quite at the base
_ The species is similar in form and appearance to the European Scarabaus punctatus, but
it is smaller ; the punctures of the elytra are more numerous and finer, and it is rendered verv
distinct by the distant tubercles of the front margin of the head. *
Kogyar, 31st May to 2nd June 1874. Two individuals, which are no doubt both males.
COLEOPTERA.
53
36 Pentodon ptjmiltjs, n. sp.
Nigro-piceus, nitidus, capite anterim truncato, angulis inter se distantibus tuberculo
longitudinali acuto, f route in medio tuberculis duobus minutis ; prothorace fortiter punctato,
basi ad angulos posteriores tenuiter marginato ; elytris fere dense, subrugulose punctatis,
seriebus duplicatis baud distinctis.
Long. 1 4| — 15^, lat. 9 — 10 mm.
This species is so extremely similar to P. truncatus that a repetition of the description of
that species is unnecessary. P. pumilus is, however, scarcely half so large as P . truncatus, and
has the thorax rather shorter and the punctuation of the upper surface closer. The female
has the teeth of the front tibiae much longer than the male, and the sculpture of the pygidium
more diminished.
Kogyar, 31st May to 2nd June 1874. Two individuals.
Orcytes (Munich Cat.).
37. — ScARABiEUs nasicornis, Linn.
Yangihissar, April ; Kogyar, 31st May to 2nd June 1874.
38. — Oryctes grypus, 111.
Jhelam Valley, July 1873. A single male.
u
54
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
CETONIIDiE.
By OLIVER JANSON.
1. — Clintekia confinis, Hope.
A single specimen of this common Indian species was taken in the Jhelam Valley in
July 1873.
2. — Cetonia orientalis, G. & P.
Dr. Schaum has regarded this species as identical with C. aerata, Er., and as only a
variety of C. speculifera, Swartz ; they are, however, three quite distinct species, and have been
indicated as such by Blanchard. In the Munich Catalogue aerata is given as a synonym
under speculifera.
Two specimens in the collection were taken at Kogyar between 31st May and 2nd June
1874.
3. — Cetonia dalmanni, G. & P.
Three specimens of this variable species were taken at Murree ; it appears to be generally
distributed over the central and northern parts of India.
COLEOPTERA.
*- at-
oo
HETEROMERA-
By EREDERICK BATES.
Family— TENEBRI ONIDJ2.
Sub-Family — TENTYRIIN2E.
Gronp— GNATH OSIIDES.
Syachis, n. g.
Intermediate between Ascelosodis and Capnisa. At once to be separated from tbe former
by its having the outer apical angle of the anterior tibiae not dentiform, and from the latter
by its having the antennary orbits more convex and more rounded in front ; prothorax wider
and more deeply cmarginate in front, the sides rounded and decidedly contracted behind ;
elytra shining black and more or less strongly punctured, the epipleurse being sometimes
muricately punctured ; prosternal process horizontal and pointed behind ; mesosternum decli-
vous and concave in front.
The lateral teeth of the submentum are long and pointed : the mentum is strongly trans-
verse, almost flat, hexagonal, the apex triangulately notched in the middle, coarsely punctured :
the last joint of the labial palpi is robust, more or less semi-oval (broadly truncated at the
apex) : the outer lobe of the maxilla is furnished with a long, curved claw ; the last joint of
the palpi is elongate-oval and broadly obliquely truncated at apex ( pioicornis ), or triangulate
with the apex a little oblique ( himalaicus ) : the mandibles are stout, notched at apex, and
are furnished on their upper edge, before the apex, with a stout horizontal tooth, which clasps
the sides of the labrum, and is sub-acute ( himalaicus ), or obtuse {pioicornis), and is always,
more strongly developed on the right mandible than the left : the head is short, robust, more
or less wrinkled above the eyes, almost obsoletely so in pioicornis ; throat transversely im-
pressed : epistoma more or less prominent, more or less distinct from the antennary orbits,
rounded or truncated in front, and is, in himalaicus, hollowed out at the sides, leaving the
mandibles almost completely exposed : the antennae are short, slender, a little thickened apically
joint 3 much longer than 2 or 4 : the prothorax is strongly transverse, convex, decidedly wider
in front than the head, sides more or less rounded, apex more or less deeply emarginate, base
more or less feebly sinuately rounded : elytra convex, more or less abruptly declivous behind,
wider at base than base of prothorax : epipleurae moderately broad, the fold expanding at the
base and reaching the humeral angle, narrowly, but very distinctly, attaining the apex : tibiae
hispid, or spinulose, elongate-triangulate, the anterior most strongly so and finely denticulate
on the outer edge, the apex simple ; tarsi sparsely ciliate, with short spiniform hairs, the first
joint of the posterior as long as the last : intercoxal process moderate, a little contracted
anteriorly and broadly rounded at apex : prosternal process horizontal, a little produced and
pointed behind : mesosternum declivous and a little concave in front : episterna of metathorax
slightly curvedly contracted posteriorly.
I have failed to discover any really distinctive sexual characters in this and cognate
genera of the old world ; there are differences of degree in the punctuation, &c., of the abdomen,
h 2
56
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
which, may be sexual, the more strongly punctured, &c., being the male. In the North American
representatives of these genera the male is distinguished by having on the first ventral segment
a round patch of short, silky-golden hairs ; at least it is so in the genera Triorophus and
Stibia. To this latter genus Dr. Horn denies the presence of a tooth on the upper surface of
the mandible. This is evidently a lapsus, as so keen and accurate an observer could not have
failed to detect it. With some remarkable exceptions (hereafter noticed), I have found this
tooth existent in all the numerous genera I have dissected, and, I believe, it will be found all
but universally present in this sub-family.
Syachis himalaictjs.
Black, moderately shining; underside and legs reddish-brown, antenn® and palpi paler :
labrum entire in front : head rather strongly but not closely punctured ; strongly wrinkled
above the eyes, the wrinkles extending nearly to the crown ; epistoma prominent, strongly
separated from the antennary orbits, slightly hollowed out at the sides, broad and truncated
at apex ; superior tooth of right mandible sub-acute : prothorax transverse, a little narrower
in front than behind, subangulately rounded at the sides, front angles prominent and acute ;
strongly and rather closely punctured at the sides, more feebly so on the middle : elytra briefly
oval, convex, abruptly declivous behind, produced at apex, shoulders rounded ; the surface a
little uneven, covered, but not densely, with rather large but more or less shallow punctures,
the epipleur® rather strongly muricately punctured : underside ratber densely covered with
large rounded punctures : flanks of prothorax very coarsely longitudinally rugose and con-
fluently punctured : epipleural fold more or less, but never strongly, muricately punctured.
Length 3^ to 4 lines.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh.
Syachis picicornis.
Black, moderately shining ; underside of body black, legs and antennae piceous : labrum
feebly emargiuate in front: head moderately, not closely, and uniformly punctured, not
wrinkled at the base, the punctuation a little coarser and confluent above the eyes ; epistoma
feebly separated from the antennary orbits, being almost continuous with them, broadly rounded
in front ; superior tooth of right mandible obtuse : prothorax narrower in front and more
feebly emarginate than in the preceding, front angle not so prominent ; sides rounded behind
the middle ; very finely and sparsely punctured on the disc, more strongly and closely so at
the sides : elytra oblong, shoulders not rounded, gently declivous behind, the punctuation
feebler than in the preceding, the epipleurse not muricately punctured: epipleural fold
smooth ; punctuation of underside much feebler and less dense than in the preceding.
Length 3^ to 4 lines.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh.
Ascelosodis, Redtenb., Reis. Novar., p. 117.
Prothorax and elytra more or less ciliate at the sides.
Base of prothorax not lobed in the middle.
Elytra densely rugose punctate.
COLEOPTERA.
57
Head and prothorax with mixed punctures, i.e., there are minute punctures
scattered between the regular punctuation.
Antennary orbits feebly separated from sides of epistoma : punctuation on
back of elytra not muricate — assimilis, n.s.
Antennary orbits strongly separated from sides of epistoma : punctuation
on back of elytra finely muricate — ciliatus, n.s.
Head and prothorax simply punctured — serripes, Redtenb.
Elytra thinly and feebly rugose punctate.
Sides of epistoma well separated from antennary orbits concinnus, n.s.
Sides of epistoma nearly continuous with antennary orbits Saagi , n.s.*
Base of prothorax distinctly broadly lobed in the middle grandis, n.s.
Prothorax and elytra not at all ciliate at the sides — intermedins , n.s.
Ascelosodis serripes, Redtenb.
The series of examples of this species in the collection were taken by Dr. Stoliczka at
Yanktze, Ohagra, and Pankong Valley. Specimens have been very kindly compared with the
type by Dr. Rogenhofer of the Imperial Museum of Vienna.
Ascelosodis assimilis.
Very close to A. serripes, Redtenb., from which it differs in having the head distinctly
wrinkled above the eyes ; the punctuation on the head and prothorax mixed, that is, there
are scattered minute punctures on the spaces between the larger punctures ; the hind angles
of the prothorax and the humeral angles of the elytra are distinct.
Length 2f to 3| lines.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh.
These differences are rather slight, but they are constant in a large series of examples.
Ascelosodis ciliatus.
Very near to the preceding, and perhaps only an extreme variety of it : it differs by its
larger size, more prominent epistoma, the antennary orbits being separated from it and from
the° front by a deeply impressed line ; the elytra entirely, though much more coarsely on the
sides and epipleur® muricate punctate, and the hairs that fringe the sides of the prothorax
and elytra much larger and fuller.
Length 4 lines.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh. A single example.
Ascelosodis concinnus.
Dark brown, shining ; underside reddish-brown; legs, antennae, palpi, labrum, and front
half of the epistoma, red : head finely but not closely punctured, feebly wrinkled above the
* This species was not found by Dr. Stoliczka. A single example exists in Dr. Haag’s collection.
68
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
eyes : prothorax strongly transverse, front angles prominent, sides gradually expanding from
apex to behind the middle, thence strongly rounded to the base ; hind angles very open and,
being depressed, appearing to he broadly rounded (or obsolete) when viewed from above ;
sparsely punctured on the disc, more closely so at the sides ; side margins rellexed : scutel-
lum distinct : elytra somewhat oval, squarely truncated at base, humeral angle very open ; not
densely, and but little rugosely, punctured, the epipleurte muricately punctured, sides fringed
with hairs, longest at the shoulders.
Length 3 to 3-f lines.
Pamir, between Sirikol and Panga.
Ascelosodis grandis.
*
Broadly ovate, convex, black somewhat nitid, underside of body black, legs piceous, tarsi
and antennae paler : head strongly wrinkled above the eyes : prothorax densely punctured,
confluently so at the sides, base considerably wider than apex, front angles not prominent ;
sides gradually curvedly expanded to near the base, whence they curve inwards to the hind
angles, which are very obtuse; base rather strongly sinuate at each side, broadly lobed in
the middle : elytra convex, humeral angles distinct ; rather closely and regularly and slightly
rugosely punctured, the epi pleura; strongly muricately punctured: margins ciliated.
Length 5| lines.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh.
Ascelosodis intermeditjs.
Ovate, black, a little shining, legs pitchy brown, antennae and palpi rufescent : labrum
distinctly notched in the middle of fore margin and shortly ciliate : head rugosely punctured,
most strongly so above the eyes : prothorax rounded at the sides, more contracted in front
than behind; apex not deeply emarginate, front angles not produced ; base feebly sinuate, hind
angles distinct but obtuse ; finely not densely and somewhat uniformly punctured, the punc-
tures largest and slightly rugose at the sides: elytra broadest behind the middle/ uniformly
but not closely or deeply punctured, and faintly rugulose : epipleune muricately punc-
tured ; sides not ciliate ; base feebly emarginate at the middle, thence sloping to the humeral
angle at each side ; humeral angle distinct but open.
Length nearly 4 lines.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh.
By its habit, style of punctuation, and non-ciliated sides of prothorax and elytra, this
species approaches the genus Syachis.
AnATOLICA MONTI VAGA.
Habit of genus Colposcelis. Head and prothorax finely, not closely, but uniformly, punc-
tured : epistoma rather prominent, a little hollowed out at the sides, broadly truncated in
front ; mandibles without superior tooth : prothorax as long as broad, contracted behind,
widest anteriorly, apex feebly emarginate, front angles depressed and rounded ; hind angles
very open, not prominent; basal margin gradually sloping downwards at each side from/he
angle to the centre, the point opposite the scutellum is consequently on a lower level than the
COLEOPTERA.
59
angles : elytra more or less elongated and acuminate behind, sutural region more or less
depressed; minutely, sparsely, and irregularly punctulate; smooth, or slightly irregularly
wrinkled, or feebly costate ; base rather strongly arcuately emarginate, but with the fold
entire and continuous from the humeral angle to the scutellum : humeral angle rather
strongly produced : flanks of prothorax and prostemum finely and not closely punctured,
the latter very strongly thickened at each side between the coxae ; base of mesosternum very
strongly and densely punctured ; base of metasternum and of first abdominal segment rather
coarsely, but not closely, punctured, the rest of their surface, as well as the other abdominal
segments, very finely and remotely punctured.
Length to 5f lines.
Yangihissar, Kogyar.
This species has completely the aspect, and many of the characters, of the genus Col-
poscelis. The third joint of the antennae, however, is but little longer than the second ; the
antennary orbits are not separated from the epistoma by a broad, deep impression, this
latter being less prominent, and exhibiting no tendency to become umbonate, as it does in
Colposcelis. The form, &c., of the eye is completely that of Colposcelis. The prothorax
is as long as it is broad in its widest part, and is slightly angulately rounded at the base.
The elytra are as deeply emarginate at the base, and the humeral angle is as strongly pro-
duced, as in Colposcelis. The middle and hind tibise are distinctly hispid, the latter bein'*'
also elongated and feebly flexuous in the $ .
It is in the genus Anatolica that we find species with mandibles edentate on their upper
margin : in some species the mandibles are thick, and provided with a distinct tooth above,
which is always the most developed in the right mandible : in others (in both sexes) they
are more slender, and the tooth is either but faintly indicated, or is entirely wanting : the
present species is in this latter case.
MlCRODERA LATICOLLIS.
Approaching M. gracilis, Esch., in habit, but more robust. Black, shining : head moder-
ately, prothorax closely, elytra sparsely and minutely, punctured. Prothorax moderately
convex, transverse, widest before the middle, well rounded at the sides, strongly contracted
behind to the base ; base broadly margined, rounded, a little sinuate at each side ; apex feebly
sub-sinuately emarginate; all the angles depressed, the anterior rounded, the posterior obtuse :
elytra elongate, oval, and rather sharply produced at apex ; epipleural fold uninterruptedly
continued round the shoulders : the parapleurae entirely, the sides of all the sterna and of
the abdomen coarsely, closely, and confluently punctured, finely and remotely so on their
middle.
Length 5-| lines.
Kashgar, Yangihissar, Kogyar.
Microdeea 1‘ARVICOLLIS.
In habit approaching JH. convexa, Tausch, but prothorax more rounded anteriorly,
broadest before the middle, thence gradually contracted to the base, which is much mere
strongly margined, and the elytra more broadly oval.
60
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Head, prothorax, and elytra, minutely and sparsely punctulate : prothorax nearly as
long as broad, sides well rounded anteriorly, thence rather strongly contracted to the base ;
base slightly rounded, its margin broad and very convex; apex very feebly emarginate;
all the angles depressed and obtuse : elytra oval, the apex rather strongly produced : epipleural
fold uninterruptedly continued round the shoulders : inner side of the flanks of the prothorax,
and the prosternum, rugosely punctured ; sides of metasternum, and of the two first abdominal
segments, with a few coarse punctures; rest of the abdomen smooth.
Length 4| lines.
Kogyar.
Sub-Family — AKISINJE.
Cyphogenia plana.
Narrow, elongate, flattened above; black, more or less obscure. Mentum notched (but
not deeply) in middle of fore margin, disc more or less plane. Head-rhomboidal, more
or less sparsely punctured; epistoma transversely convex, widely and sub-triangulately
emarginate in front, completely exposing the labrum and its attachment, front angles
more or less acute; front transversely, sometimes triangulately, depressed; supraorbital
ridge more or less distinct ; cheeks (immediately behind the eyes) prominent and coarsely
rugosely punctured. Prothorax quadrate, apex wider than base, front angles produced,
sub-acute ; sides more or less feebly sinuous (sometimes a little angulate at the middle),
and with a narrowish flattened margin; base squarely truncated, or feebly — sometimes
sinuately — emarginate ; hind angles more or less produced (scarcely outwardly directed) and
obtuse ; disc irregularly foveate, more or less finely and sparsely punctured, the punctuation
stronger at the sides. Elytra elongate-oval, moderately produced and rounded at apex,
faintly (sometimes ohsoletely) irregularly and minutely muricate punctate, the unpunctured
intervals more or less faintly reticulately rugulose ; keeled from behind the shoulders to the
apex ; this keel is not completely marginal, being placed a little within the outer edge, which
is rounded, the epipleura being strongly indexed. Last three or four joints of antennai
usually bright ferruginous, the last acutely pointed at apex.
Length 7 to 9| lines.
Dras, Kargil, Leh, and Pankong Valley.
Cyphogenia humeualis.
In habit approaching C. aurita, Pall. Black, obscure ; mentum very deeply notched in
front, the disc very convex. Head and prothorax very finely and dispersedly punctured, the
former with a longitudinal elevated line down the middle, and depressed at each side ; supra-
orbital carina very distinct : epistoma widely emarginate in front in the $ , more deeply (and
sub-angulately) in the § ; front angles broadly rounded. Prothorax transverse, disc convex,
median line lightly impressed, and with a short transverse depression across the middle near
the base, apex broadly emarginate, front angles not produced, hut somewhat acute ; base
feebly emarginate, hind angles acute and outwardly directed ; sides well rounded anteriorly,
rather broadly margined, a little reflexed, and finely transversely rugulose. Elytra depressed,
gently declivous behind, the apex rather strongly produced and narrowly rounded ; widest
behind the middle ; ohsoletely punctured, and showing some faint smooth reticulations ; shoul-
COLEOPTERA.
61
ders keeled, tliis keel slightly obliquely extending down the elytron, hut never for more than
one-fourth its length. The $ is smaller than the ? , and has the abdomen much more dis-
tinctly punctured. Antennae with joints 9-10 shorter, triangulate, 11 rather small, acutely
pointed at apex.
Length 10 to 12 lines.
Yangihissar.
Sub-Family — BLAP TINJE .
Blaps STOLICZKANA.
Approaching B. mortisaga, Linn., in habit. Elongate, depressed, acuminate behind,
black, underside shining black, antennae and palpi pitchy brown ; labrum rufescent, coarsely
punctured : head more or less coarsely (never densely) punctured, the base densely and finely
muricate, becoming granulous : epistoma trapeziform, widely and feebly emarginate in front :
prothorax slightly transverse, sides rounded anteriorly, gradually (sometimes feebly sinuately)
contracted posteriorly ; base closely applied to the elytra, feebly sinuate and wider than the
apex, which is broadly emarginate ; front angles rather broadly rounded ; hind angles obtuse,
slightly overlapping the shoulders, more or less coarsely punctured ; the punctures more
crowded and more or less reticulately confluent at the sides, and with scattered very minute
punctures on the interspaces ; sides feebly guttered : elytra at base a little wider than base
of prothorax ; sides feebly rounded, attenuate behind, the apex gradually produced forming a
mucro, which, in the , extends beyond the abdomen by a length equal to the fourth ventral
segment ; depressed, more or less gently declivous behind ; more or less densely confusedly
covered with smallish, somewhat shining tubercles, which, except at the base, are flattened,
generally acute behind, and here and there run together, forming irregular, more or less
transverse, elevated rugosities : flanks of prothorax more or less strongly undulately strigulose,
and, as well as the prosternum, parapleurm, &c., sparsely minutely tuberculate : three first
abdominal segments longitudinally rugose at the sides, and transversely rugose on the middle.
Length 8^ to 10 lines.
Pamir, between Sirikol and Panga.
Blaps indicola.
Habit of $ , B. mortisaga, Linn. Dull black ; underside and legs shining black ; antennae,
labrum, and palpi brownish black : head and prothorax very finely and not densely punc-
tured ; 'the latter sub-quadrate, feebly but regularly convex, widest before the middle,
strongly contracted in front, more gradually behind ; sides slightly sinuous before the hind
angles, very narrowly channelled ; front angles narrowly rounded, the hinder nearly forming
right angles, and reposing on the shoulders ; base feebly sinuously emarginate : elytra not
wider at base than base of prothorax, elongate, acuminate behind ; sides feebly expanded to
behind the middle, very gently declivous behind, the apex gradually produced, forming a
distinct but simple mucro, which is rather densely punctured ; uniformly minutely, but not
densely, granulose-punctate, a little stronger on the epipleuras and at the base, which is also
rugulose.
Length 12 lines.
Sind Valley.
62
SECOND YAEKAND MISSION.
Blaps perlonga.
Elongate, slender, acuminate behind, black, obscure : head and prothorax finely and not
closely punctured ; the latter gently convex, but little (not half a millim.) wider than long ;
sides gently evenly rounded and very finely margined ; base but little wider than apex ; base
and apex truncated ; front angles rounded, the hinder forming right angles : elytra elongate,
widest behind the middle, attenuate behind, the apex produced, forming a distinct but not
elongate mucro, very gradually declivous behind, and with distinct trace of a short costa
within the apex ; finely, uniformly, and not closely muricate-punetate, and faintly transverse-
ly rugolose.
Legs very long, slender.
Length 10 lines.
Yanktze to Chagra, Pankong Valley.
Blaps ladakexsis.
Black, elytra a little shining ; oblong-ovate : head rather closely punctured : prothorax
decidedly broader at base than at apex, transverse ; sides well rounded anteriorly, slightly
sinuously contracted posteriorly; apex feebly emarginate, with the angles rounded ; base feeb-
ly sinuously truncate, with the angles somewhat obtuse ; but little convex ; rather finely and
not densely punctured : elytra somewhat depressed on the back, not wider at base than base
of prothorax ; sides gradually moderately rounded, somewhat rapidly declivous behind ; apex
a little produced, but not mucronate ; disc irregularly, finely, and faintly muricately punc-
tured, and intricately rugulose ; apex and epipleurse somewhat intricately covered with irre-
gular flattened tubercles, which are pointed behind: legs and antennae rather short and
robust.
Length 7| to 8J lines.
Yanktze to Chagra, Pankong Valley.
Blaps kashgarensis.
Elongate, black, elytra more or less nitid : head and prothorax finely remotely punctured,
sometimes becoming obsoletely so on the latter : prothorax regularly convex ; sides well round-
ed anteriorly, very gradually (and but little) contracted posteriorly, finely margined ; base de-
cidedly wider than apex, very feebly sinuately truncated ; hind angles somewhat obtuse ; apex
feebly emarginate, the angles well rounded ; median line faintly impressed on the disc :
elytra more or less elongate-ovate, somewhat rapidly declivous behind ; apex produced and ter-
minating in a very distinct, pointed mucro, which, in the , extends beyond the abdomen by a
length nearly equal to the third ventral segment ; convex, a little depressed down the suture ;
very finely (sometimes almost obsoletely) seriate-punctate, the punctures simple, the intervals
also finely punctured, and more or less feebly irregularly convex. Legs rather elongate.
Hind margin of first ventral segment in the $ a little emarginate at each side, leaving in the
centre a more or less triangulate plate, and with a villose tuft of rufous hairs ; it is also more
or less (sometimes very strongly) coarsely transversely rugose (with traces of a callosity) in
COLEOPTERA.
63
the middle, and longitudinally rugose at the sides ; the second and third segments being
likewise rugose, hut never so strongly.
The ? is relatively broader than the $ , the legs not quite so long, the punctuation a
little more distinct, the elytral mucro shorter, the abdomen finely rugose-punctate, hind
margin of the first segment entire.
Length 9 to 13 lines.
Kashgar, Yangihissar.
PUOSODES TRISULCATA.
S . Elongate, parallel, pitchy brown ; approaching castaneous on the prothorax, legs, and
antennae. Head and prothorax finely, irregularly, and sparsely punctured, the punctuation a
little stronger on the sides of the latter : prothorax gently convex, uneven at the sides, a well
marked rounded fovea near the hind angle, and several faint irregular foveate depressions on
the disc ; lateral margins faintly rugulose ; sides slightly rounded anteriorly, gradually and but
little contracted posteriorly, widest before the middle ; base truncate, hind angles forming right
angles ; apex very feebly emarginate, the angles depressed and narrowly rounded : elytra not
wider at base than base of prothorax, elongate, sub-parallel, depressed on the back, gradually
attenuated, and gently declivous, behind, margins reflexed at the apex ; on each elytron two
dorsal, broad, nearly smooth, costae ; the suture is also thickened ; the lateral margin is likewise
somewhat costiform ; the intervals, which are broader than the costae, form three shallow fur-
rows, which are somewhat densely irregularly granulous; both furrows and costae become effaced
at the base : the epipleurce are very broad, vertical, smooth and shining ; the fold is also smooth,
broad at base (where it attains the humeral angle), it gradually, obliquely, and sinuously
narrows to the apex, and has a slightly flexuous elevated line running down its centre : under-
side pitchy nitid : abdomen feebly longitudinally rugose at the sides : prosternal process termin-
ating behind in a small reflexed mucro: legs rather slender; femora finely muricately
punctured ; tibiae more strongly and closely so, and shortly hispid ; hind tibiae feebly flexuous ;
first joint of hind tarsi as long as the last.
$ . Larger, more robust, less parallel, the punctuation, &c., stronger ; the sides of prothorax
slightly sinuate before the hind angle : elytra more abruptly declivous behind : hind tarsi
shorter*
Length $ 8f, ? 10 lines ; width of elytra across the middle 2f, $ 4 lines.
Eras, Kargil, and Leh.
Prosodes vicina.
Very close to the preceding, from which it differs by its broader form; the prothorax
underside le-s &c., shining black; the apex of the prothorax distinctly emarginate; the
sides more narrowed anteriorly, the angles more broadly rounded: the elytra a little more
gradually declivous behind; the dorsal costa? more elevated, narrower, and, especially in the
V punctured and rugose; the epipleurae are also distinctly rugulose: the antennae and legs
are stouter ; the middle joints of the former sub-moniliform ; and the prosternal process is more
feebly mucronate behind. ^ ?
64
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Length 10 lines, $ 11 lines ; width of elytra across the middle 3 3^ lines, 9 4§
lines.
Sind Yalley.
CcELOCNEMODES, n. g.
Habit of Ccelocnemis, Mann. Submentum rather strongly [pedunculate ; the sinus very
open, exposing the base of the maxilla, its outer angle feebly dentiform : mentum broader than
long, nearly plane, contracted posteriorly, sides and front angles broadly rounded from near
the base, coarsely rugosely punctured, nearly covering the ligula, which is strongly transverse,
and, apparently, broadly emarginate in front : last joint of labial palpi ovoid and truncate at
apex; that of the maxillary feebly securiform: mandibles very thick, notched at apex:
antennae having the first seven joints coarsely punctured and hispid ; joint 3 elongate, equal to
4-6 united ; 4-7 equal, obconic ; 8-11 perfoliate, setose, clothed, except at the base, with a fine
silky yellowish pubescence ; 8-10 moniliform, scarcely wider than long ; 11 longer and tapering
to an acute point : head transverse, sub-quadrate, but little contracted behind the cheeks ; not
prolonged behind the eyes : antennary orbits sub-angulate, prominent : epistoma rather short,
gradually narrowed to the front, which is broadly emarginate with the angles distinct : labrunn
strongly transverse, pilose, nearly entirely visible, very feebly emarginate in front, the
angles rounded : eyes very narrow, flat, obsolctely faceted, anterior margin entire : prothorax
moderately convex, a little wider than long ; sides well rounded, somewhat abruptly contracted
near the base, narrowly but distinctly channelled and transversely rugulose, finely margined ;
base and apex not margined, the latter arcuately emarginate, the angles broadly rounded, the
former truncated, the angles distinct but not prominent, and reposing on the shoulders of the
elytra : scutellum broadly triangular, penetrating between the elytra : elytra regularly convex,
scarcely wider at base than base of prothorax ; oblong-ovate, rapidly declivous behind, the apex
produced but scarcely mucronate ; shoulders depressed ; sides a little sinuous near the base,
gradually expanding to behind the middle : epipleurce broad; the fold attaining the humeral
angle, moderately broad, very gradually narrowed to the apex, which it attains : proslerna l
jwocess closely curved round the coxse, and broadly truncated behind : mesosternum declivous,
faintly concave : metasternum very short between the coxse ; the episterna narrow and but
little contracted posteriorly ; epimera distinct : intercoxal process broad, truncated in front,
angles rounded : legs moderate ; femora thickened outwardly, the 4 posterior a little com-
pressed, the anterior with a strong tooth on the upper edge near the apex; all the tibia
rounded, the anterior not denticulate at outer edge, and having a curved excision near the
base on its inner side; the intermediate the same but more feebly : tibial spurs short, but
stout : tarsi channelled and briefly spinose beneath, the first joint of the posterior much
shorter than the last, upper surface granulous.
Notwithstanding its peculiar habit, this genus unquestionably belongs to the Blaptides.
As in this genus, so in many species of true Blaps, the ligula is almost entirely concealed by
the mentum. The structure of the antennas is entirely that of the genus Blaps, and most
closely approaches the form as seen in B. mortisaga, Linn. The short epistoma, leaving the
labium almost entirely uncovered, the unmargined base and apex of the prothorax, the hind
angles reposing on the shoulders of the elytra, also manifestly approach this genus to Blaps.
COLEOPTERA.
65
The form, &c., of the elytral epipleurse and its fold is nearly identical with what obtains in
most of the species of Prosodes. The dentate anterior femora have their counterpart in the
genus JDila, which, however, is of so widely different a habit that one cannot institute even a
comparison between the two genera. The peculiar and exceptionally narrow, flattened, and
obsoletely faceted eyes are also found in the genus Dila. The emargination at the base of the
anterior tibiae, and the abbreviated first joint of the hind tarsi, are the most exceptional
characters, and show certain affinities in the direction of the Scaurides.
Cgelocnemodbs stoliczkanus.
Obscure brownish black : head uneven, coarsely, but not deeply, punctured, with smaller
punctures on the interspaces ; the punctuation finer and somewhat granulous behind and
confluent on the front : epistoma separated from the front by an impressed arched line :
labrum lightly punctate and, together with the palpi, rufescent : prothorax having a broad
transverse sinuate impression near the hind margin, and with two or three foveated depressions
on the disc ; covered with small granules, the sides being confluently granulose punctate :
scutellum densely and minutely punctulate : elytra rather closely sub-seriately punctured,
fainly transversely rugulose, and granulose; the suture a little thickened and smoother:
epipleural fold sparsely muricately punctured : flancs of prothorax coarsely undulately rugose :
abdomen punctured: prosternal process finely sulcate down the centre: legs moderately
muricately punctured.
Length 10| lines.
Murree.
Sub-Family -PIMELIINJE.
Trigonoscelis SETOSA.
Black, sometimes a little nitid ; more or less broadly oblong-ovate : head strongly trans-
verse, remotely punctured, briefly setose : epistoma and labrum more strongly and closely
punctured ; the former short, gradually obliquely contracted to the front, which is broadly
emarginate and with the angles distinct ; the latter feebly sinuately rounded in front, and
densely ciliate with longish bright rufous hairs : prothorax transverse, quadrate, more or less
gently convex, sometimes depressed on the disc (immature individuals ?) ; median line dis-
tinct, or not ; apex truncated ; front angles small, but prominent, acute, directed forwards ;
base, which is scarcely wider than the apex, sinuate, strongly so at the middle ; hind angles
a little outwardly directed ; sides more or less feebly rounded before the middle, very feebly
sinuate before the front angles, more strongly so towards the base ; near the base is a more
or less distinct, broad, transverse, somewhat sinuate, impression ; granulous, the granules not
densely placed, especially on the disc, where they are also smaller ; each granule furnished
with a short black seta; everywhere finely margined: scutellum small, almost petiolate,
generally pubescent, or covered by the hairs which fringe the lower edge of the prothorax :
elytra more or less depressed above, more or less broadly oval, widest before the middle, or
not, more or less gradually declivous behind; the apex rather strongly produced, and (con-
jointly) somewhat narrowly rounded ; base wider than base of prothorax, appearing more or
66
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
less strongly emarginate at cacli side as the shoulder is more or less advanced, which, in some
examples, is as strongly so as in Diesia karelmi, Eisch. ; usually with an angulate depression
behind the scutellum ; variously granulose, each granule bearing a setiform hair, which is
longer or shorter, black or fuscous brown ; these granules are minute on the disc, larger
(almost tuberculiform) at the sides, more or less distinctly seriately arranged down the elytra,
moderately intervalled both longitudinally and transversely; at two-thirds the width of the
elytron, from the suture, is placed a more or less distinct row of rather larger and more closely-
placed granules, with sometimes indications of two others, one between it and the suture, the
other between it and the margin ; the margin is closely, sub-serrately granulose, or tuberculose :
starting from the humeral angle a more or less flexuous elevated line obliquely traverses the
epipleura ; this line is always granulose at the base, and sometimes more or less minutely inter-
ruptedly so along its entire length ; above this line the epipleura is sparsely granulose, the
granules somewhat large at the base and apex, minute and more remote between ; the part of
the epipleura below the line is more or less smooth, except at the apex, where are a few small
granules. Underside and legs moderately, closely, and uniformly (a little largest on the femora)
granulose, and clothed with a fine cinereous pubescence : the four hind tibiae are hispid, and
outwardly fringed with long fuscous hairs ; the front tibiae are strongly triangular, the outer
apical angle dentiform, the outer edge finely numerously spinose or dentate1; tibial spurs long
and powerful, the inner one considerably longer than the outer : the four hind tarsi are fringed
with long fuscous (sometimes becoming a little rufescent) hairs at the sides, and with a tuft of
bright fulvous hairs at their tips beneath: antennae black, clothed with short hairs, the
last joints ferruginous and naked, except for a few long setae arising from near their base ;
last joint short, free, acuminate at apex : prosternal process horizontal, feebly convex, granu-
lose, more or less prominent and rounded behind.
Length 7 to lines ; width of elytra across the middle, 3-1- to 4| lines.
Kashgar to Kogyar.
A variable species, and showing affinities with the genus Diesia.
Tkigonoscelis lacebta.
Ovoid, black : head large, strongly transverse, a little tomentose,3 feebly remotely punc-
tured, granulose behind: epistoma broadly emarginate in front, angles distinct: labrum black,
middle of front emarginate, angles rounded, distinctly punctured : prothorax rather strongly
transverse, quadrate, depressed on the disc, and rather broadly so down the median line, apex
very faintly sinuate, angles somewhat prominent and acute ; sides moderately rounded ante-
riorly, sinuately contracted behind, base not wider than apex, sinuate, moderately so at the
middle ; hind angles slightly outwardly directed ; irregularly covered (sparsely on the disc)
with rather large, round or oval, flattened tubercles, these largest on the disc, smaller and closer
at the sides, the interspaces having a few scattered minute pointed tubercles : scutellum triangu-
lar, sub-petiolate, placed on the mesonotum : elytra oval, regularly convex, gently declivous
behind, apex a little produced and (conjointly) founded: on each elytron five irregular
1 It is really tubercled with spines arising from their summit ; and when these spines get rubbed or broken off the ed^e appears
to be dentate. °
Most probably, in fresh examples die entire surface is covered with a dull yellowish tomentum.
COLEOPTERA.
67
rows of from seven to nine generally rather large rounded and flattened tubercles, with
scattered minute granules on the interspaces, the apes being more closely tubercled; the
margins rather closely set with smallish, oblique, pointed setiferous, tubercles ; the carina
which traverses the epipleura is tubercled at base and apex and minutely denticulate between ;
the upper portion of the epipleura is studded (especially on its upper edge) with setiferous
tubercles, which are largest at the apex ; the lower portion is sparsely minutely granulose •
underside and legs densely tomentose ; four hind tibiae hispid, not fringed outwardly with
long hairs ; front tibiae strongly triangulate, the outer edge irregularly shortly spinose ; hind
tarsi not compressed, and with a few longish hairs outwardly ; the first joint as long as the
last : inner spur of the four hind tibiae nearly twice the length of the outer.
Length 7| lines.
Yangihissar.
The following four species of Pterocoma form a distinct group in the genus, and are
distinguished by the third joint of the antennae much elongated ; the prosternum protuberant
in the front, leaving a more or less triangulate open space between it and the head1 2); its pro-
cess enormously produced, sometimes nearly entirely overlapping the mesosternum ; the elytra
have each three (with the exception of Ft. semicarinata) crenated, or tubercled, costae, besides
the marginal, the third uniting with the marginal just behind the shoulder.3 They all have
the true Pterocoma habit ; and the four hind tibiae are rounded.
Pterocoma tibialis.
Black, somewhat nitid ; the four hind tibiae distinctly ruf escent : antennae slender, pilose, and
setose : legs also slender, spinose, and pilose : labrum notched in the middle of fore margin : head
feebly punctured and pilose: antennary orbits reflexed, rounded anteriorly: prothorax convex
slightly sinuately emarginatein front; the angles acute and prominent; base strongly sinuate,*
the angles small and somewhat outwardly directed, sides feebly rounded; finely, especially on
the disc, and sparsely tuherculate, the tubercles erect, pointed, and setiferous : scutellum
minute : elytra with a more or less strong depression behind the scutellum ; the first costa
distinctly continued along the base to the scutellum ; the intervals between the costie nearly
smooth, minutely remotely granulous, feebly concave, with a few long decumbent hairs'-
epipleurse a little rougher, finely rugose granulate, the hairs shorter and denser : marginal
costa closely set with long pointed teeth: prosternal process coarsely corrugated.
Length 4f to lines ; width of elytra across the middle 2f to 3§ lines.
Neighbourhood of Sanju.
Pterocoma serrimargo.
Smaller than the preceding, dull brownish black : four hind tibiae not distinctly rufescent
Antenna) shorter and stouter : labrum not notched in middle of fore margin : apex of protho-
rax not at all sinuate, the angles scarcely so prominent ; the base not so strongly sinuate as in
1 Lacerdaire has given the name of “ mentonnibre ” to this form of prosternum.
2 The same is found in Lasiostola pubescenst Pall.
68
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
the preceding : scutellum larger : elytra not depressed behind the scutellum ; the first costa
not distinctly continued along the base to the scutellum; the intervals from near the base
clothed with a cinereous pubescence: prosternal process relatively broader, sparsely granulose.
Length 5j lines ; width of elytra across the middle 3^ lines.
Kogyar.
Pterocoma convexa.
More narrowly ovate, and more convex, than the preceding ; black, a little nitid ; thinly
clothed with fine cinereous pubescence and setose ; legs tomentose, finely setose, and pilose :
lahrum entire in front : head and prothorax at bottom very finely, densely, and rugulosely
punctulate, and with scattered small setiferous tubercles, which are largest on the sides of the
latter; apex of prothorax truncated; the base sinuate : elytra not depressed behind the scutel-
lum ; base a little emarginate at each side, rapidly declivous behind ; the intervals with scat-
tered minute punctures mixed with very small setiferous tubercles ; the first costa strongly
continued along the base to the scutellum : underside more densely tomentose and studded with
small setiferous tubercles : prosternal process not quite so strongly produced, and more pointed
behind than in the preceding, and rugosely tuberculate.
Length 5 lines ; width of elytra across the middle, 3 lines.
No locality given.
Pterocoma semicarinata.
Very broadly ovate, the elytra being almost rotundate ; black, slightly shining : lahrum
emarginate in front, the angles very broadly rounded : head with a few rather large, shallow,
scattered punctures, most perceptible on the epistoma, and with some small setiferous tubercles
clustered above the eyes ; and others, still smaller, flattened, and not setiferous, on the crown :
prothorax slightly sinuate in front, the angles acute and prominent ; the sides studded with
setiferous tubercles, the disc having a few flattened tubercles which are distinctly umbilicate :
each elytron with a single costa placed half-way between the suture and the shoulder,
and extending hut little beyond the half the length of the elytron; this costa is furnished with
tubercles which are a little flattened at top, clustered two or throe together at the base
they gradually thin out into single ones, and become smaller, behind; it is also strongly con-
tinued along the base to the scutellum, the tubercles here being largest of all ; between this
costa and the side are indications of two other cost®, the outer one being decidedly the most
distinct, these are composed of distant, very small, setiferous tubercles, there are also a few
exceedingly minute tubercles scattered on the intervals near the base, each carrying a shoit
seta; the marginal carina is composed of a double row of closely-set bluntisli tubercles,
which gives to the margin a finely-crenulated appearance : there is no trace of pubescence on
the upper surface ; the underside is thinly pubescent, the abdomen neither granulose nor
tuberculate : prosternum very coarsely, deeply, and confluently punctured ; its process very
strongly produced, smooth and polished.
Length 6 lines ; width of elytra across the middle lines.
Yangiliissar.
COLEOPTERA.
69
OcNERA STJB LAEVIGATA.
Habit of 0. imbricata , Eisch. Black, more or less obscure, legs, etc., fuscous, antennse and
tarsi sometimes rufescent and clothed with ferruginous hairs, palpi and labium usually
reddish. Head large, minutely and sparsely muricately punctured, and with minute simple
punctures on the interspaces ; epistoma with a few coarse punctures at the sides and front :
labrum coarsely punctured anteriorly : prothorax quadrate, a little transverse, front angles
slightly prominent, sides very feebly rounded anteriorly, slightly, and sinuously, contracted
posteriorly ; sparsely furnished with small, round, somewhat flattened umbilicate granules, and
with some minute punctures scattered on the interspaces : elytra not wider at the base (which
is sinuous) than the base of the prothorax, regularly oval and convex, gradually declivous
behind, the apex a little produced ; on each elytra are seven more or less conspicuous rows of
varying, but never large, granules, these being generally somewhat oblique, and pointed behind ;
the 2nd, 4th, and 6th rows are the most apparent (the 6th being the most distinct of all), the
others being more or less (especially at the base) confused with the granules scattered in the
intervals ; the 6th row is also the most continuous (and the tubercles are placed more closely
together), extending from the shoulder to near the apex; the others are abbreviated behind,
where they are represented by minute distant granules ; the 4th and 6th converge towards'
the base and are united at the shoulder ; the extreme outer margin is finely serrate ; the inter-
vals are plain, sparsely and very minutely granulose : the epipleur® are loosely granulose :
the flanks of the prothorax are sparsely granulose ; the pro- and meso-sterna are rather strongly
granulose ; the metasternum with its flanks, and the flanks of the mesosternum are very minute-
ly dispersedly granulose, and clothed with a fine cinereous tomentum : the abdomen, except in
the middle, is more or less coarsely punctured, and with scattered granules : the prosternal
process is broad, horizontal, and triangulate behind : tho femora are rugose and granulous and
hispid ; the tibiae closely hispid, the posterior feebly sinuous ; the joints of the tarsi beneath
are furnished at the apex with a tuft of bright fulvous hairs.
Length 9 to 10 lines.
Kashgar, Yangihissar.
Sub-family— PEDININjE.
Group — PLA TTSCELIDES.
Bioramix, n. g.
S . Head strongly transverse, front declivous to the epistomial suture ; epistoma very short,
broadly rounded, or truncated, in front ; the angles distinct, or not ; marked off from the front
by a well-impressed arched line : third joint of antennse as long as 4-5 united, or a little shorter :
prothorax variable, always transverse, not closely applied to base of elytra ; sometimes very
feebly convex and slightly narrowly depressed at the margins, or regularly convex direct from
the margins ; apex strongly emarginate with the angles prominent and loosely embracing the
head ( asidioides ) ; or very feebly emarginate, the angles depressed and more closely embrac-
ing the head ; front angle sometimes acute, or more or less rounded ; base either truncate,
or feebly emarginate, or sinuate, the angles prominent, or not, and either rectangular, obtuse,
or rounded; sides sometimes more or less regularly rounded, or rounded in front and sub-
70
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
parallel, or sinuate ( asidioides ), behind: scutellum rather large; transverse; angulate, or
rounded, behind ; more or less exposed : elytra variable ; more, or less ( asidioides ), elongate-oval,
regularly convex, or depressed on the back ( asidioides ), more or less strongly declivous behind ;
shoulders prominent, or not, the angles distinct, or rounded; diffusely, or seriately, punctured ;
in the latter case {asidioides) the punctures are rather large and somewhat oblong, the inter*
vals being more finely punctured and alternately feebly costiform ; these punctures are more
{asidioides), or less (sometimes only to be detected at the apex), visibly setiferous, the setse
being very short, and erect only at the apex : epipleurse continuous with the sides, or {asidi-
oides) vertical and marked off from the sides by a well-defined costa, which extends from
the humeral angle to just within the apex ; epipleural fold more or less broad, always attaining
the humeral angle, which it sometimes reflects, and gradually somewhat curvedly narrowed
from the base to near the apex, which it does not quite attain : prosternal process more or less
horizontal, generally contracted and more or less vertical behind : intercoxal process truncate,
or rounded, in front. The legs are less robust, and much less scabrous, and more finely
pilose, than in Plafyscelis : the outer apical angle of the anterior tibiae is not dentiform; the
hind tibiae are straight, or slightly curved {asidioides). The oral organs, and the tarsi (except
that the middle joints of the intermediate pair have the basal angles well rounded) do not
materially differ from the same parts in the genus Platyscelis.
S . All the tarsi simple. Eorm generally a little more robust and convex, the elytra more
rounded at the sides, less nitid, the punctuation, &c., fainter, and the antennae a little shorter
and stouter.
Bioramix pamirensis.
3 . Elliptic oval, black, a little nitid, underside and legs brunneous, antennae and palpi
rufescent : head finely irregularly punctured in front, coarsely punctured behind the eyes, finely
closely muricate punctate and pubescent behind ; broadly rounded in front ; epistoma very
short, the suture arched and well impressed ; labrum strongly transverse, very feebly emar-
ginate in middle of front margin, the angles broadly rounded, finely and densely punctured :
third joint of antennae nearly as long as 4-5 united : prothorax finely, sharply, and somewhat
uniformly punctured, gently convex direct from the lateral margins, not closely applied to
base of elytra, truncated at base and apex ; sides contracted anteriorly, sub-parallel from before
the middle to the base and finely bordered, base and apex still more finely bordered, but only at
each side ; hind angles rectangular ; front angles depressed, slightly obtuse : scutellum strongly
transversely triangular, densely punctured : elytra scarcely wider at base than base of pro-
thorax, shoulders broadly rounded, leaving a distinct open angle between them and the
prothorax ; sides very feebly rounded, attenuate and gently declivous behind ; moderately
but very distinctly punctured, and showing here and there slight indications of a longitu-
dinal seriate arrangement, faintly irregularly rugulose and alutaceous ; thinly hispid at the
apex and sides ; epipleurae very narrow, rounded ; the fold broad, gradually curvedly contract-
ed from humeral angle to near the apex ; the punctuation, &c., as on the elytra above, but
more closely and less cleanly : underside somewhat closely and very finely corrugated, and
appearing granulous on the flanks : abdomen finely imbricately rugulose, pilose, first segment
with a depression at the middle of its hind margin : intercoxal process rounded in front : front
and middle tibiae stout, moderately expanded outwardly, the front being also trigonal, the
outer edge sharp and a little sinuous ; hind tibiae larger than the others, and more feebly
COLEOPTERA. 71
expanded outwardly: three middle joints of intermediate tarsi broader than long; hind
angles rounded.
Length 5 lines.
Pamir from Sirikol to Panja.
BlOllAMIX OVALIS.
Oval, less elongate, and relatively broader than the preceding : head more closely, and slight-
ly rugosely, punctured, not densely sub-muricately punctured, nor pubescent behind : prothorax
more transverse, a little less convex ; sides more rounded, distinctly, and slightly sinuately,
contracted behind, a little depressed at the margins, foveolate at each side the middle, the
punctuation not so clean, the angles distinctly more obtuse : elytra more rounded at the sides,
more convex, more abruptly narrowed, and more strongly declivous behind; punctuation
much finer and little less regular, with sometimes faint indications of costae : epipleural fold
less distinctly (sometimes ohsoletely) punctured; front tibise a little more compressed, not
distinctly sinuate at outer edge : last ventral segment with a faint depression in the middle
of its upper margin.
Length 4J to 4| lines.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh.
Bioramix ptjncticeps.
Very near the preceding : differs in having the epistoma distinctly squarely truncated in
front more densely punctate and rugose : prothorax still more strongly transverse, front angles
more obtuse, sides strongly rounded behind, effacing the hind angles : the elytra very faintly
punctured, the shoulders still more strongly rounded, consequently the middle of the base
of prothorax only impinges on the elytra : epipleural fold very finely rugulose, but not
visibly punctate: anterior tibise distinctly more compressed, more triangulate, the outer
apical angle a little produced: front and middle tarsi (especially the latter) distinctly
narrower and more pilose.
Length 4 to 4J lines.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh.
Bioramix asidioides.
Very distinct from the three preceding species by its larger size, broader and more de-
tvrpssed form, distinctly seriately punctate elytra, etc.
F Oblong, oval, black, slightly nitid ; head sub-angulate m front, somewhat coarsely, hut
not closely , punctured and a little rugose, more finely and closely so, and pubescent, behind :
epistoma very short, but the sides are well distinguished from the antennary orbits, the
angles being very distinct and nearly rectangular, the apex squarely truncated : third joint of
antennae as long as 4-5 united : prothorax transverse, somewhat depressed, its base rather
closely applied to the base of elytra, moderately punctured, the punctures each bearing a
short decumbent hair ; apex arcuately emarginate, the angles sub-acute ; base considerably
wider than apex, sinuate, the angle sub-acute and somewhat outwardly directed, although
72
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
reposing on the shoulders of elytra; sides gradually expanded from apex to the middle,
thence slightly and sinuately narrowed to the base ; margins irregularly depressed, and
transversely rugose ; a faint depression at each side the disc, and another within each hind
angle : scutellum small, triangular : elytra a little depressed above, more convex posteriorly
and somewhat rapidly declivous behind ; base a little wider than base of prothorax, slightly
sinuate, shoulders slightly rounded, sides gradually, but feebly, rounded to the middle, gra-
dually narrowed behind, on each elytron eight rows of punctures, more or less effaced at base,
sides, and apex ; intervals finely punctured, faintly transversely rugulose, the alternate ones
a little convex, especially towards the apex ; very finely and shortly hispid, most distinctly so
at sides and apex ; lateral margins costiform : epipleur® distinct ; the fold broad, gradually
curvedly narrowed from humeral angle to near the apex, faintly rugulose punctate : last
ventral segment with a broad depression in middle of front margin : front tibiae trigonal,
gradually, but not strongly, expanded outwardly; outer edge a little sinuate: hind tibiae
slightly curved : middle tarsi moderately expanded : intercoxal process truncated in front.
Length 6 lines.
Sind Valley.
Chianalus, n. g.
Closely related to Bioramix ; differs in having the head longer and narrower, the epistoma
distinctly larger, and more produced anteriorly ; the elytra costate and clothed with short
erect hairs ; the epipleural fold continued to the apex ; the anterior tibiae finely denticulate
down the outer edge, the outer apical angle very strongly dentiform ; the intermediate tarsi
very feebly dilated, the joints being distinctly longer than wide. In both sexes the last ab-
dominal segment has a semi-circular depression in the middle of the basal margin.
CniANAIiUS COSTIPENNIS.
S . More or less oblong-ovate, dark brown, head and prothorax still darker, and nitid : head
but little wider than long, rather strongly and somewhat closely (except on the crown) punc-
tured, finely densely granulose punctate behind ; the front is declivous to the epistomal suture,
which is well marked and sub-angulate ; epistoma distinctly produced beyond the base of
antennse, broadly rounded anteriorly ; labrum strongly transverse, closely punctured, nearly
entire in front, the angles rounded : prothorax transverse, but little convex, sides well rounded,
a little uneven ; the margins narrowly irregularly depressed ; finely and not closely punctured,
lightly (almost obsoletely) impressed down the median line, usually with a slight foveate
depression at each side, and a distinct depression at each side at the base, half-way between
the middle and the angles ; apex narrower than base, lightly emarginate, front angles strong-
ly depressed, lightly rounded ; base faintly sinuately truncate, hind angles obtuse : scutellum
small, transversely triangular : elytra more or less oval, sides more or less rounded, generally
widest at the middle, suture costiform, and on each elytron four stout prominent, rounded cost®,
the second and third united before the apex and continued thence as but one ; running down
each interval is also another costa, narrower and much less prominent ; both cost® and inter-
vals are finely granulose-punctate, and transversely rugulose, and the entire surface is moder-
ately densely covered with short erect hairs : epipleural fold broad, very gradually narrowing
COLEOPTERA.
73
in a curve from the shoulders to the apex, which it narrowly attains, regularly but not closely
covered with very minute granules, but without trace of hairs : flanks of prothorax rather
closely undulately rugose and sparsely granulose : abdomen punctured and finely imbricately
corrugated : third joint of antennae as long as 4-5 united : tibiae densely hispid, compressed,
triangulate (the four anterior most strongly) ; the posterior straight.
? . More convex and robust ; the elytral costae all sub-equal.
Length & 5^ lines — $ 5| to 6 lines.
Width of elytra across the middle $ 2£ to 2£ lines — ? 3 to 3J lines.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh.
Myatis, n. g.
In this genus the head is again very short and transverse ; the epistoma is excessively
short, very broadly and squarely truncated in front, almost on a level with the insertion of the
antennae ; the impressed line, or suture, arcuate : prothorax gently convex, somewhat variable
as to its form, &c. ; generally it is curvedly contracted in front, sub-parallel, or faintly sinuate,
behind ; the apex very feebly emarginate ; the front angles obtuse ; base slightly sinuately
truncate, the angles acute : elytra oblong, gently convex, sides very feebly rounded, narrowed,
and moderately declivous, behind ; shoulders more or less oblique, the angle more or less
acutely prominent, sometimes dentiform: epipleural fold moderately broad, gradually narrow-
ed behind, not reaching the apex of elytra : the legs are slender ; the outer apical angle of
the anterior tibia acutely dentiform ; the first joint of the anterior tarsi is relatively longer
than in the preceding genera, and the three first joints of the intermediate tarsi are (although
provided with a small brush beneath) scarcely at all dilated : the intermediate tibia in the $
are thickened outwardly, and, as well as the posterior tibia, are densely fringed within
with silky golden-yellow hairs : the pro- and meso-sterna are not nearly so convex, or
protuberant, as in the other genera of the group : the prosternum between the coxa is
thickened at each side, and terminates behind in a slioi't reflexed mucro : the elytra are
finely minutely hispid, most distinctly so at sides and at apex.
Myatis humeralis.
Oblong, pitchy brown, head and prothorax nitid : the former rather finely punctured,
the punctuation a little closer, somewhat confluent, and pubescent at the sides and base ;
slightly irregularly foveolated between the eyes : epistoma broadly and squarely truncated,
and densely ciliate, in front ; the suture well marked : labrum rather closely punctured,
strongly pilose : third joint of antennae nearly as long as 4-5 united : prothorax gently convex,
very nearly as long as broad, finely evenly punctured, sides delicately margined, curvedly
expanded in front to before the middle, thence very slightly incurved to the hind angles,
which are prominent, sub-acute, and somewhat outwardly directed; apex truncated, front
angles a little depressed and rounded ; base a little sinuate at each side, broadly and very
gently rounded in the middle : scutellum strongly transverse, generally concealed by the short
dense hairs which fringe the base of the prothorax : elytra broader at base than base of pro-
thorax, oblong, sides feebly expanded to behind the middle, somewhat rapidly declivous be-
74
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
hind, minutely and not closely granulose-punctate, with distinct indications of strise, intervals
very faintly rugulose, and run over with very delicate sub -reticulate lines ; very faintly hispid ;
humeral angle very prominent, dentiform : epipleural fold finely sparsely granulous ; under-
side and legs of a lighter brown : abdomen closely, finely, sub-muricately corrugated, and
thinly clothed with a long yellowish pubescence; the last joint in the $ with a depression
at the middle of its upper margin.
Length 4J to 4| lines.
No locality given.
Myatis quadraticollis.
Brown, of a much lighter shade than the preceding : head somewhat strongly punctured,
more distinctly foveolated between the eyes : prothorax distinctly transverse, dull-reddish
castaneous, clouded with dark brown, less evenly convex, irregularly foveolately depressed at
each side near the border, sides more contracted posteriorly, the hind angles not produced nor
outwardly directed ; base not distinctly sinuate at each side ; the punctuation distinctly
coarser at the sides : punctuation of elytra a little less clean and less distinct ; distinctly his-
pid at sides and apex, this very fine, short, and of a golden-yellow colour ; humeral angle
prominent, hut not dentiform : underside and legs of a paler reddish brown.
Length 4 J lines.
Between Leh and Yarkand.
Myatis variabilis.
Varying from light reddish to very deep dark brown : head less distinctly foveolated be-
tween the eyes than in the preceding : prothorax distinctly less transverse, and more uni-
formly brown, the punctuation stronger, the median line nearly always distinct and quite
smooth, more regularly and evenly convex, more rounded at the sides ; the hind angles are
rectangular, or are a little outwardly produced : the elytra are more parallel ; the humeral
angle is more or less distinct, but never prominent, the punctuation, &c., is a little closer and
stronger ; they are also more distinctly and uniformly hispid : the underside and legs vary
from very dark to pale-reddish brown.
Length 3^ to 4^ lines.
Between Yangihissar and Sirikol, and Sirikol and Sanju.
These three species are very close to each other, and I strongly suspect they really con-
stitute but one intensely variable species.
Sub-Family— OP A TRINJE.
Group -OPATRIDES.
Cpatrum kashgarense.
This species has been submitted to M. Miedel, who returns it as a new species belonging
to the rusticum ( Oliv .) group.
Oblong, brown, little nitid : head broadly and sinuately rounded in front : epistoma
short, a little convex on the middle, notched, but not sharply angularly, in the middle of the
COLEOPTERA.
V
75
front margin, the angles being well rounded ; antennarv orbits outwardly angulately produced
beyond the eyes ; finely granulose (the granules black), and thinly clothed with short scale-
like hairs of a golden-yellow color : prothorax gently convex, rather deeply eurvedly emar-
ginate in front, front angles not produced, suh-acute ; sides a little reflexed, gently regularly
rounded ; base a little wider than apex, sinuate ; hind angles produced, acute, directed back-
wards ; the surface more distinctly and regularly granulose, &c., than the head : scutellum
semi-circular, finely granulose and pubescent : elytra a little wider at base than base of pro-
thorax ; oblong, slightly widest behind the middle ; shoulders distinct, very finely transversely
rugulose ; punctate-striate, the punctures being rather large ; intervals a little convex, very
finely and not at all densely granulose, each granule furnished with a short scale-like hair, as
in the prothorax, &c. : underside thinly clothed with a fine greyish-yellow pubescence : flanks
of prothorax rather strongly granulose, meso- and meta-sterna and their flanks more finely so •
abdomen finely granulose-punctate, and transversely rugulose : metasternum as long as the
first ventral segment : prosternum closely curved round the coxae : anterior tibiae expanding
outwardly, finely muricately punctured and shortly setose : last joint of all the tarsi elongate :
antennae reddish, thickening outwardly, joint 3 nearly as long as 4-5 united, 8-10 trans-
verse and gradually broader, 11 large, ovoid.
Length 4J lines.
Kashgar.
Opatrum ochthebioides, Fauvel.
Dras, Kargil, and Leh.
Penthicus (loboderus) gracilis.
I have submitted this species to M. J. Miedel, of Liege, who for the past five years has
been engaged on a critical examination of the Opatricles : he returns it to me as a species
distinct from the rvfescens of Mulsant, and has furnished me with the following differential
characters : —
Than rufescens — larger : prothorax more contracted posteriorly, the sides consequently
are sub-angulated in the middle, front angles more pointed ; the punctuation, &c., different ;
in gracilis the prothorax is somewhat closely, uniformly, and finely punctured on a very
minutely granulose ground, and at each side the disc are some irregular foveate depressions :
in rufescens the middle of the prothorax is somewhat sparsely covered with fine, but well-
marked, punctures on a smooth ground, the punctuation on the sides being stronger and
closer : the elytra in gracilis are more gradually ( longuement ) attenuated behind, hut not
more pointed at the apex ; very faintly sulcated, the intervals somewhat sparingly covered
with very minute granules and showing a line of small shallow punctures; there is also
a line of very minute punctures down by the suture : in rufescens the elytra are visibly
although very finely, punctate- striate, the intervals being finely, transversely, unequally ru-
gulose : the abdominal segments in gracilis are somewhat thinly covered with very small
granules, arranged in almost transverse lines ; whilst in rufescens they are well punctured :
the legs and antennae are similar in both species, except that joints 3 to 7 of the latter are
more elongate in gracilis.
Length of gracilis, 4| lines.
Length of rufescens 2f to 3f lines.
Kogyar,
76
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Sub- Family— EETEB OTARS IN 2E.
Group— PHOBELIIDES.
Lyprops indicts, Wiedm.
Jhelam Valley.
Sub-Family — EEL OPINJE.
Group —ADELIIDES.
L-fna lacordairei, Marseul.
Sind Valley.
Family — CISTELILJE.
Sub-Family — CISTELINAE.
Group— CISTELIDES.
Allectla (dietopsis) costipennis.
Elongate, narrow, cliocolate-brown, head and prothorax of a little deeper tint ; underside
with a reddish tinge, and shining : head closely and finely punctured, pubescent ; a foveate
depression between the eyes : epistoma long, convex, expanding anteriorly, apex squarely
truncated ; labrum strongly transverse, entire and ciliate in front, with the angles rounded :
last joint of maxillary palpi very broadly cultriform : antennae sub-filiform, joints 3-11 of
nearly equal length, obconic, apex of 11 narrowly rounded : prothorax convex, transverse,
narrowed in front, sides parallel, front angles broadly rounded, base lightly sinuate, the
angles obtuse ; finely and uniformly punctured, lightly impressed down the median line, a
foveate impression at each side the median line, broadly impressed at each side at the base :
scutellum large, rounded behind, closely punctured, and lightly keeled down the centre :
elytra at base broader than the base of prothorax ; shoulders well rounded ; strongly crenate-
striate, the intervals convex, sparsely and very minutely punctulate, each puncture hearing a
very fine, minute, pale decumbent hair : the sterna are all very finely and densely punctured
and transversely rugulose, their flanks rather closely punctured, the punctures rounded and
well marked : abdomen and legs very finely uniformly punctured and pubescent : tarsi with
the third and fourth joints of the two front pairs lamellated, the penultimate joint only in
the hind pair.
Length 5 lines ; width of elytra across the middle 1| lines.
Murree.
Gronp — CTENIOPIDES.
Hypocistela, n. g.
Near Cteniopus, from which it differs in having the third joint of the antennae but little
more than half the length of the fourth, and, as well as joints 3-6, obliquely truncated at
apex : the palpi slender, the last joint, both of labial and maxillary, elongate, oval, and not
COLEOPTERA.
77
truncated at tip : the eyes larger, more approximate beneath, and very coarsely faceted : the
prothorax not curvedly narrowed to the front, and decidedly narrower at base than the base
of the elytra.
Hypocistela tenuipes.
Pale testaceous, legs yellow, antennae palish brown, eyes and tips of mandibles black,
head fuscous behind. The entire upper surface is uniformly and very minutely punctulate
and rugulose, and finely pubescent : elytra delicately striated : flanks of prothorax, breast,
and abdomen, clouded with fuscous.
Length 3^ lines.
Kogyar.
Family— LAGRIIDJS.
Sub-Family — LA GBIINAS.
Lageia indicola.
Eorm, size, and colour of L. glabrata, Oliv. The eyes are silvery grey with an oblique
fuscous spot above : antennae moderately stout, filiform, last joint elongate, straight, cylin-
drical, and pointed at apex : prothorax broader at base than at apex, very feebly rounded at
the sides, somewhat shining piceous, the front and hind margins reddish ; a broad transverse
impression before the base ; feebly punctate, and, together with the head, clothed with a
longish fuscous pilosity : elytra delicately striated, distinctly uniformly punctured, and irregu-
larly transversely wrinkled : underside, femora, and antennae, pitchy brown : tibiae and tarsi
paler.
Length 4^ lines.
Murree.
Family — MELOIDJB.
Sub-Family — MEL GINAS.
Meloe sekvtjlus.
Small, black, with a faint bluish tinge on the elytra: antennae shining black, compact,
a little thickened towards the apex, joints obconic, 5-6-7 shorter than 3-4 or than 8-10,
10 somewhat cylindric, 11 elongate and tapering to the apex : head large, convex, distinctly
and rather uniformly, but not closely, punctured: prothorax rather small, transverse,
quadrate, all the angles rounded, base arcuately emarginate, punctured like the head, and
with a distinct foveate depression at each side the disc : elytra faintly reticulately rugulose,
somewhat scrobitulate on the epipleurse ; dehiscent from one-third their length, and some-
what gradually curvedly contracted to the apex, which is narrowly rounded ; base emarginate
at each side, shoulders obliquely rounded : abdomen above faintly transversely rugulose, and
very sparingly minutely punctulate.
Length 3f lines.
No locality given.
K
78
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Sind Yalley.
Murree.
Sub-Family — CA NTS A RIN2E.
Gvovcp—MYLAB RIDES.
Mylabris sid.®, Fab., Marseul.
Murree.
Mylabris macilenta, Marseul.
Group — CANTHAR1DES.
Cantharis antennalis.
Sind Yalley.
Ericatita haagi.
5 . Head dull red, with a large, smooth, blood-red callosity at the base of each antenna ;
strongly and closely punctured, a short, fine, elevated line running down the middle of the
crown ; scantily clothed with fine black hairs at the sides and behind ; epistoma more or less
clouded with black, broadly and feebly sinuately truncated in front, less densely punctured
than the head ; labrum entirely black, sinuous in front, punctured like the epistoma : antennae,
excepting the two basal joints which are red above, black, strongly depressed, the joints
longitudinally excavated on their inner side ; joint 8 elongate, triangulate, 4-6 much shorter,
and becoming gradually narrower, 3-7 more or less strongly obliquely emarginated at apex,
with the inner angle produced, 8-10 of nearly equal length, but becoming gradually narrower,
truncated at apex, 11 longer and narrower than 10, cylindric and rounded at apex, the outer
joints densely clothed with cinereous pubescence : prothorax black, a little nitid, slightly longer
than wide, convex, a strong depression at the middle of the base ; sides a little rounded before
the middle, strongly narrowed anteriorly from before the middle, very gradually, and but little,
contracted posteriorly ; closely and deeply punctured, and pilose ; sides, apex, and median line
usually clothed with dull yellowish- white decumbent hairs : elytra dull black ; base consider-
ably wider than base of prothorax, divaricate nearly from the base, the apex obliquely rounded ■
very finely and densely granulose and transversely rugulose, clothed with short decumbent
black hairs ; the margins entirely bordered with a line of dull yellowish- white interwoven hairs,
and there is also, in fresh examples, a dorsal stripe of the same : underside and legs shining
black, and, except the last ventral segment, more or less thickly clothed with hairs of the same
character as those that border the elytra ; last ventral segment triangulately excised at apex :
anterior femora with the usual sericeous hairy spot at the emargination near the apex ; the front
tibiae are also emarginated at the middle within and excavated down the inner side, this
is filled in with the like silky-golden pubescence : tarsi simple, the first joint of the anterior
swollen on the inner side.
? . Smaller ; the callosities on the head feebler : antennae shorter, slightly attenuated out-
wardly , joint 3 elongate, 4-6 much shorter, 3-7 more or less slightly obliquely truncated at
apex, 8-10 equal, cylindric, 11 longer, rounded at tip : front legs as in the s but weaker : last
ventral segment more feebly excised at apex.
Length $ 9 to 10 lines, ? 7| lines.
Murree.*
* Dr. Haag, who is at the present time engaged on a monograph of this group, has examined and pronounced this species to be unde-
scribed. Mr. C. 0. Waterhouse of the British Museum also states that it is quite distinct from any species described bv himself (in Trans.
But. 8oc. London 1871, pp. 405-8), or by Hope.
COLEOPTERA.
79
Group — SITABIDES.
SlTARIS (CRIOLIS) PECTORALIS.
Sliming testaceous, tips of mandibles, eyes, scutellum, meso- and meta-sterna, and their
flanks, black ; middle and hind coxae shining black : antennae filiform, last 7 joints fuscous
black, last joint elongate and tapering to a point : head broadly triangulate, convex, smooth,
faintly punctate : the epistoma is separated from the front by a deeply-impressed arched line,
and is in a lower plane than the front : labrum impressed on the disc, notched in front : eyes
strongly transverse, rather narrow, not prominent : prothorax convex, transverse, sides rounded,
and broadest, in the middle ; somewhat abruptly and strongly contracted anteriorly, less so
posteriorly ; faintly punctured : scutellum closely punctured, narrowly rounded behind ; the
part placed on the mesonotum is broad, faintly costate down the middle, and with a thickened
border at each side of a cinnamon-brown colour : elytra somewhat of a pale-cinnamon colour ;
tapering gradually behind, and dehiscent from about a third of their length ; thinly clothed
with a fine, silky, greyish pubescence, and with two or three slightly flexuous cost®, the outer
one less distinct : upper division of the tarsal claws closely finely pectinated.
Length 4f lines.
Kogyar.
COLEOPTERA HETEROMERA.
Explanation op Plate II.
Fig. 1. Sgachis himalaicus.
„ 2. Ascelosodis ciliatus.
,, 3. ,, grandis .
„ 4. „ intermedins.
„ 5. Anatolica montivaga.
„ 6. Microdera parvicollis.
„ 7. Cyphogenia plana.
,, 8. . „ himeralis.
„ 9. Blaps perlonga.
„ i 0. „ indicola.
,, 11. Prosodes trisulcata.
„ 12. Ccelocnemodes stoliczkanus.
Fig. 13. Trigonoscelis lacerta.
„ 14. Plerocoma serrimargo.
„ 15. „ semicarinata .
„ 16. Bior amice asidioides $ .
„ 16. Idem, anterior tarsus.
„ 17. Chianalus costigennis.
„ 18. Myalls humemlis.
„ 19. Penlhicus ( Loboderus ) gracilis.
„ 20. Hypocistela tenuipes.
„ 21. Melo 'e servulm.
„ 22. Epicauta haagi $ .
Government of India Central Printing Office.— No. 16 D. G. S.— 13-11-90.— 276.
CtE odepba. ga .
COLEOPTERA
LONGICORNIA
o
Purktss .del eblith. .
Ha.nha.rt imp .
1
' V
#
I •
%
\
COIEOPTEMAj Heteromera.
4Mr
Plate H.
Mintern Btos . imp .
Edwin Wilson del. e-tilth.
f.
li
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*
j
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OF
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION;
BASED UPON THE COLLECTIONS AND NOTES
OF THE LATE
FERDINAND STOLICZKA Pii.D.
MOLLTJSCA.
BY
GEOFFREY NEVILL, C.M.Z.S.
flublisheb bg orbcr of the dobermnmt of fnbk.
CALCUTTA :
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING.
1878.
« \
I
CALCUTTA :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OP GOVERNMENT PRINTING,
8, HASTINGS STREET.
♦
\
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
OP
THE SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
MOLLTJSCA.
By GEOFFREY NEVILL, C.M.Z.S.
I.— MOLLUSCA FROM EASTERN TURKESTAN AND LADA'K.
THE following is a list of the moUusca obtained by the late Dr. StoHczka in Central Asia and
Ladak, while attached as naturalist to the second embassy to Yarkand ; Dr. Stoliczka
also coHected a considerable number of sheUs in Kashmir and its neighbourhood ; as, however,
nearly, if not aU, the land moUusca from those parts belong to our Indian fauna proper,
I have thought it best to give a separate list of them. As was to be expected, the mollus-
cous fauna of Yarkand proves to be exceedingly poor and entirely European in its affinities ;
the freshwater sheHs, indeed, are either identical with, or most closely allied to, well-known
European forms ; very nearly aU the species are recorded from Turkestan in the account of the
MoUusca of Fedschenko’s ‘ Reise.5 I take this opportunity of acknowledging the great obliga-
tion I am under to Dr. E. von Martens, not only for a copy of the above work, of which he is
the author, but also for a critical opinion on the species here recorded, of which I have availed
myself in several instances. The only striking novelty is the new Succinea martensiana : its
thickness and opaqueness of texture and its vivid orange-coloured aperture make it one of the
most interesting and peculiar forms of the genus. It is interesting to find such characteristic
sheUs as Helix pliceozona and H. plectotropis extending southwards from Kokand and the
Tian Shan Range as far as Sasak Taka ; even more remarkable arc the new localities for Pupa
cristata, originally found in the Sarafshan VaUey ; the absence of the genus Hydrobia from
Dr. Stoliczka’s coUection strikes me as noteworthy, especiaUy as no species of Valvata, on the
other hand, is recorded by von Martens from Turkestan. The most interesting fact, however,
seems to me to be the entire disappearance, on leaving Sonamarg on the confines of Kashmir,
of the characteristic Indo-Malayan genus Nomina, which re-appears again (with two species of
the sub-genus Macrochlamys) in the Sarafshan V alley ; the same is also the case with species
of Buliminus (Nap ams), Parmctcella, and Limax (?) ; the two last, however, belong to the
European fauna and species of them are mere stragglers on the extreme north-west confines
of India. Stoliczka remarks that the sheUs recorded as found in the Pankong Lake were
taken from a “ stratified shaly and sandy deposit on the west side of the Pankong plain, about
50 feet above the level of the present edge of the water and about two miles distant from it
2
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
some of the specimens of Valvata still have the epidermis, and it is possible that where the
water of the lake is fresh, the shells may live.”
The re-appearance of two of M. Issel’s new species of Limncea (originally described
from Persia) is important, as proving the constancy of these respective forms. The same
remark holds good with regard to one of my new Yunnan species.
1. Vitsina pelltjcida, Mull.
Shell perfectly undistinguishable from European specimens from Mennighufen and other
localities. Dr. Stoliczka had previously collected some twenty specimens of a similar form
at Lalioul. Von Martens does not record the species from Turkestan, hut describes a new
species as V. rugulosa, Koch, the Latin description and measurements of which seem to agree
fairly with the Mataian form ; unfortunately I am unable to understand the Russian descrip-
tion, in which he compares his new species with V. pellucida. Dr. Stoliczka describes the
animal of this Mataian shell as “ blackish, with the tentacles very short.”
Sixteen specimens from Mataian, near Dras, Upper Indus Valley : diam. 6, alt. 3} mm.;
apert. diam. 3|, alt. 3|-.
2. Hyalina (Conulus) fulva, Drap.
Perfectly undistinguishable, as far at least as regards the shell, from the typical European
form. Stoliczka had previously found the species in abundance at Spiti and Lahoul. Mr.
Blanford also found the species at Mazendaran in Persia. Species from Pekin are well re-
presented by Deshayes (Nouv. Archiv. Museum, vol. x, pi. 1).
Three specimens from Wakhan and three from Mataian.
3. Helix (Eruticicola) pileozona, v. Mart., Eigs. 1 — 3.
E. v. Martens, Fedsch. Moll., pi. i, fig. 8 (Kokand) .
Shell of solid texture, about the size of U. similar is, which indeed it somewhat resembles ;
umbilicate, conoidly globose, irregularly and roughly striate, decussated with almost microsco-
pical spiral lines ; straw- wliite, with a single, very broad brown hand, just above the periphery ;
in a single specimen only is this hand altogether absent ; spire conoidal, varying in being more
or less raised; whorls six, the last more or less suhangulate, convex at base; aperture
lunately rounded, with the peristome much thickened, and the columella exceedingly
broadly reflected.
Diam. 16J, alt. 12^ ; apert. diam. 9, alt. 8 mm.
Depressed variety from Pasrohat ; diam. 16, alt. 10|.
I ought to note that I include the margins in recording measurements of the aperture.
Twenty specimens from Sasak Taka (6,500 ft.) and five from Pasrohat, west of Yarkand.
MOLLUSCA.
3
4. Helix (Fruticicola) plectotropis, y. Mart., Figs. 4—6.
E. v. Martens, Malakozoologiche Blatter, XI, 1864, and Fedscli. Moll., pi. i, fig. 11 (Tiauschang) .
Shell about the same size as the preceding ; openly umbilicate, depressedly conoidal, with
a raised keel which is distinctly visible to nearly the apex, sutures not excavated ; beautifully
and somewhat regularly sculptured, with sharp and raised oblique ribs, about half the breadth
of their interstices, above of a light brown, with the keel and ribs of a straw colour, about
one-fourth of the base nearest the periphery pale brown, the rest straw colour ; spire depressed,
convex, with brown apex, whorls six, the last one sharply and prominently keeled and more
or less convex at base, aperture diagonal (produced laterally), peristome reflected, angled
at the periphery, the columella, as in the preceding, exceedingly broadly expanded ; the aper-
tures of several specimens were closed with a calcareous epiphragm.
Diam. 18, alt. 10 ; apert. cliam. 11, alt. 8| mm.
Twenty-five specimens from Sasak Taka found living with the preceding.
5. Helix (Fruticicola) mataianensis, n. sp., Figs. 7—9.
Shell a little smaller than H. plectotropis, in many respects a good deal resembling it,
but of much thinner and more delicate texture ; openly umbilicate, depressedly conoidal,
whorls five and a half, with excavated suture and without a raised keel, in both of which
respects it materially differs from the preceding, last whorls with a medium-sized keel, base
convex, above sculptured irregularly, w ith more or less strongly developed ribs, beneath sculp-
ture obsolete, almost smooth ; white, irregularly mottled with pale horn colour, apex horn
brown ; aperture ovate, subangulate at periphery, almost as high as broad ; peristome lightly
reflected, columella expanded.
Diam. 13$, alt. 7 mm. ; apert. diam. 6f, alt. 6f mm.
Nine specimens from Mataian, in the Dras Valley, at 11,200 feet. Unfortunately most
are quite young shells, only one or two being sufficiently full grown to show the reflected
outer lip. Stoliczka describes the animal in his journal as “ uniform greenish dusky, no
trace of a tail gland, the body very short, the posterior part of the foot shorter than the
anterior.”
6. Helix (Xerophila) stoliczkana, n. sp., Figs. 10 — 12.
\
Shell rather thin, about the size of II. ericetorwm and closely resembling it, but more
depressed, umbilicus slightly less open, colouration different and aperture differently shaped ;
openly umbilicate, flatly depressed ; above irregularly striate, below sculpture obsolete ; white ;
invariably ornamented with two striking brown bands, one of which in most, but not all the
specimens, can be traced as far as the apex, the two hands are, of course, near the periphery ;
the space between them is about the width of the two bands together ; apex bright brown ,
whorls five and a half with distinct suture, not keeled, convex at base ; aperture as high as
broad, dilated above, considerably higher than the periphery in fine full-grown specimens ;
peristome slightly thickened, columella moderately reflected ; the aperture in many of the
specimens was closed with a thin epiphragm.
4
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
Diam. 161, alt. 7{- ; apert. cliam. 8, alt. nun.
About a hundred specimens from Sasak Taka and Pasrobat, west of Yarkand.
Twelve specimens, in poor and weathered condition, from north of Tangitar on carboni-
ferous limestone ; they are a remarkably small variety, about half the typical size, the two
bands are scarcely discernible, and they are not quite so flat.
7. Helix (Vallonia) costata, Mull., var. asiatica, nov.
This is probably the variety recorded by von Martens from Turkestan, measuring 3 mm.
in diam. and 1| in height ; it only differs from the typical European form by its larger size
and slightly stronger subangulation at base near the umbilicus. More than a hundred and
fifty specimens were collected by Dr. Stoliczka, all of approximately the same size, at Pasrobat,
Sasak Taka and Wakhan ; one of the specimens from the last locality I have taken as my
type of var. asiatica.
I take this opportunity of noting that Mr. W. T. Blanford brought back from
Mazendaran in Persia numerous specimens of a variety, the same size as the European form
and with similar sculpture, but having the umbilicus a shade more open.
8. Helix (Vallonia) ladacensis, n. sp. {an H. costata, var.?)
I have long separated this form, which can be distinguished from all the varieties of 11 .
costata at a glance by its much more open umbilicus, at least half as open again ; it is a
much larger shell than typical H. costata, about the same size (a trifle larger) as the
above described var. asiatica ; the sculpture is finer, closer together and more beautifully
regular ; the spire is flatter, the suture more excavated ; the base is scarcely, if at all, subangulate
near the umbilicus, as it is in so marked a way in the preceding ; one of the best character-
istics of H. ladacensis is the considerably higher and more expanded aperture with a corre-
sponding less oblique columella ; the umbilicus is so much more open that the whorls within
can be clearly traced up to the apex itself.
Diam. 3J, alt. mm.
Type from Mataian in the Dras Valley (Ladak), where Dr. Stoliczka found about sixty
specimens. One of the specimens I sent Dr. von Martens from this locality possesses, he
informs me, a “little plait on the wall of the mouth.” Unfortunately I have not been able
myself to detect this plait in any other specimens. Ten specimens were brought from Leh
(chief town of Ladak) ; twenty from “Narka” (?) in West Tibet, slightly smaller and with
more raised spire than Mataian specimens.
9. Pupa (Pupilla) muscorum, L.
Pourteen specimens from Pasrobat, 3 J mm. in length ; fifty from Kaskasu, 3 J mm. in
length ; fifty from shores of Lake Pankong, a form remarkable for its produced whorls, 3f- to
44 mm. in length; twenty from Spiti,1 agreeing with the preceding form, in the great
difference in the length of the spire in different individuals, the whorls being sometimes much
produced, at other times curiously shortened and compressed ; four specimens from Mataian,
one only perfect unfortunately. I have considerable doubts in referring this Mataian form to
1 Procured by Dr. Stoliczka on a previous visit to the Himalayas.
MOLLUSCA.
P. muscorum at all, the spire is less produced, striation less developed, form of aperture simpler
and less angular ; length 2f mm. ; no tooth.
Not a single one of the Ladak specimens possesses even a rudiment of a tooth on the
wall of the aperture, nor have I been able to detect any in the Kaskasu form ; in one or two of
the Pasrobat shells only is a very slight tooth just discernible ; as far as I have seen, this
absence of the tooth appears to be characteristic of our Asiatic forms.
10. Pupa (Pupilla) c uist at a, v. Mart.
E. v. Martens, Fedscli. Keise, Moll. pi. ii, fig. 19 (Sarafshan Valley).
The specimens of this very distinct and interesting form agree exactly with typical
figures 19C. and E. Figure B, on the contrary, has the spire a little more produced, with
the whorls a trifle more convex, and the aperture slightly more contracted, the margins
of which, in our Museum specimens, are somewhat considerably more delicately dilated ; I can
only detect, after a most careful search under the lens, a single tooth on the outer margin,
as in the above figure C, not two, as in the description and figure B.
Shell ovate, rimate, of horny brown colour, obliquely slightly striated, apex obtuse ;
seven whorls, the 4th, 5th and 6th of equal width, the last one somewhat compressed at the
base, with an obtuse keel round the umbilicus continued more prominently in a raised ridge,
parallel with the outer margin of the aperture ; aperture small and rounded, with the peristome
broadly reflected; a prominent tooth on the wall of the mouth, a single fold on the columella
(lying rather far back) and a single obtuse tooth within the outer margin. Long. 3|,
diam. 2 mm.
Eleven specimens from Sasak Taka, where it is by no means common ; sixteen from
Pasrobat, where it occurs more abundantly in company with P. muscorum.
11. SUCCINEA MARTENSIANA, n. Sp., EigS. 30-31.
Shell unusually thick, about the size of S. girnarica, Theob., (Conchologia Indica,
pi. lxvii, fig. 6,) which it at first sight much resembles ; it is, however, quite half as thick
again, of much intenser colouring and of more convexly shaped whorls ; whorls four, convex,
produced and separated : in S. girnarica there are only three, which increase less rapidly and
are less obliquely inclined ; the last whorl of the Yarkand species is shorter and not nearly
so ovately oblong ; the texture is more rugose, the irregular longitudinal furrows being
unusually strongly developed ; the colouration is peculiar, being of an opaque milky white,
more or less purple near the apex ; the aperture is internally of a brilliant orange colour and
more laterally expanded than in /S'. girnarica : the columella varies, hut is always straighter
than is the casein its ally; the callosity joining the columella and outer lip is strongly marked.
/S', martensiaua (type), long. 17, diam. 11; apert. long. 12, diam. 8J mm.
/S', girnarica , long. 18|, diam. Ilf ; apert. long. 14, diam. 9j- mm.
This species is very variable in shape ; the Museum possesses a very fine series of it, all
from Kathiawad (Kattywar).
I have named this handsome species after Dr. E. von Martens of Berlin, to whose great
kindness, in sending me a critical opinion of these Yarkand shells, I am so much indebted.
2
6
SECOND YAKXAND MISSION.
Of the Yarkand species. Dr. Stoliczka found about fifty specimens, in all stages of growth,
at Sasak Taka, many of them alive ; also about twenty at Pasrobat.
12. Succinea pfeifferi, Bossm., var.
This Yarkand variety is only distinguishable from typical European specimens by its
smaller proportions, slightly stouter texture, and deeper amber colour.
Long. 11, diam 6 ; apert.l ong. 7|, diam. 4 mm.
Ten specimens from Yarkand and nine from Sasak Taka.
Sttccinea pfeifferi, var. subintermedia, nov., Eigs. 32-33.
Erom near Yarkand, Dr. Stoliczka also brought back about twenty specimens of a small
form, easily distinguishable from the preceding by its less everted last whorl, thinner texture
and lighter colour ; it is in some respects intermediate between S. putris and 8. pfeifferi,
but its more produced spire seems to me to compel its classification with the latter ; the
nearest European form we possess in the Museum is a Transylvanian shell sent from Germany
as S. amphibia (putris) var. intermedia. The Museum also possesses three specimens from
Candahar, presented by the late Captain Hutton, in no way to he distinguished from the
Yarkand form, except in being about half as large again ; the columella is less rounded and
decidedly more subangulate at the base, than in German and Erench specimens. I found a
variety, however, from England agreeing in this respect with our Asiatic forms, though the
spire is less produced in the latter ; it seems to me that the transition as regards the shell itself
from S. putris to S. pfeifferi is almost, if not quite, imperceptible ?
Long. 11, diam. 5f ; apert. long. 7f, diam. mm.
13. Succinea putris, L. var.
About forty specimens were found living on grass in a marsh near Yarkand city ; it is
a small, thin and glassy variety, resembling in miniature a form from Wales sent me by the
late Mr. F. Layard as S. putris, L., var. vitrea; its more swollen shape, less produced spire
and more everted last whorl distinguish it from the form I have described above as
S. pfeifferi, var. sub-intermedia ; its more globose shape, less produced spire, thinner and more
■vitreous texture from my var. yarJcandensis.
Long. 10 ; diam. 6 ; apert. long. 7, diam. 4| mm.
14. LlMNiEA AURICUEARTA, L., Var.
This form agrees fairly with ICobelt’s figure (Mai. Bl., 1870, pi. lii, fig. 8, L. auricu-
lar ia, var. ventricosa ; London) ; the principal difference is the apparently constantly more
broadly reflected columella, wrhich is also more rounded at the base ; the great tendency to
deformity in the Sirikul specimens is very striking ; it appears to me that this form would
he almost as well classified as an extreme variety of L. lagotis , allied to var. obliquata .
MOLLTTSCA.
7
Long. 23, diam. 19f ; apert. long., 18J cliam. 14 mm. colnmella, at junction with body
whorl, 2 to 2f mm. in breadth.
About 20 specimens (dead) on the shore of Lake Sirikul or Victoria, Pamir.
Another variety is smaller and more delicate than the above, but with the same remark-
ably thickened and rounded columella, as is well represented on pi. ii, fig. 20, “Fedsch.
Moll.”; the spire, however, in the Aktash specimens is more prominent and the broadly
reflected columella even more marked.
Long. 16§, diam. 13 ; apert. long. 13, diam. 10 mm.
A deformed specimen measures long. 12|, diam. 12 mm.
About 30 specimens were taken alive in a stream at Aktash (Sarikol).
15. Limnjea deeilippii, Iss., var. sirikttlensis, nov.
Issel, Moll. Persia, 1865, pi. iii, figs. 26 & 63 (Lake Gokcha, 5,500 feet).
This is perhaps the most remarkable of the Yarkand species of Irnmcea and the furthest
removed from the typical forms of L. auricularia and L. lagotis, even more so than typical
L. defilippH. As justly pointed out by Issel, it is intermediate between the above group and
that of L. stagnalis . It differs from Issel’s figure by the much more swollen, subangulate
whorls, and by the shorter, not twisted and evenly rounded columella ; the produced spire and
malleated texture are very characteristic of both.
I had already written the following description before I read that of Issel.
Shell in size intermediate between L. stagnalis and L. lagotis ; of moderately thin tex-
ture, the same as hi L. stagnalis ; spire much more produced than in L. lagotis ; whorls six,
remarkably subangulate; aperture expanded as in fig. 10, pi. ii, “Mai. Bl.,” 1870; colu-
mella broadly reflected, almost completely covering the umbilicus, not twisted in the least,
evenly rounded at base as in fig. 9 ( loc . cit.) ; very young specimens present a remarkably
close resemblance to those of L. stagnalis, the subangulation of the whorls and short,
straight columella being naturally less distinctive than in full-grown specimens ; the surface
of most specimens is more or less roughly decussately malleated ; under the lens a very fine
and close longitudinal striation can be seen.
Type of var. sirikulensis : long. 30J, diam. 21 ; apert. long. 20, diam. 14J mm. ; the
ante-penultimate whorl measured from the outer lip 6f mm. ; a young specimen measured
long. 24f, diam. 14 ; apert. lat. 14, alt. 9|-.
Fourteen dead specimens found, on the shores of Lake Sirikul, in company with L. auri-
cularia, var.
16. LlMNiEA LAGOTIS, Schr.
Limncea lagotis , Schr., Fauna Boiea, iii, 1803.
L. lagotis, var. soliclissima, Kobelt, Malakozoologische Blatter, 1872, pi. ii, figs. 17 & 18.
L. ohliquata, v. Mart., Mai. Bl., 1861, pi. iii, figs. 9 & 10 (Lake Issik-kul).
A fine series of this remarkable variety was procured by Dr. Stoliczka in all stages
of growth ; it varies greatly in the more or less produced spire, though never, even in
its most elongated form, approaching the preceding form; there is little, if any, trace of
the malleated sculpture, often so characteristic of the preceding : the same fine longi-
8
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
tudinal striation however exists ; all the specimens, young and old, are without exception of
the peculiar thickness which suggested its excellent name of solidissima ; the five whorls
agree with those of Kobelt’s original figure, which I suspect was taken from a Lake Pankong
specimen, and do not show the suhangulation described in the preceding ; the aperture is much
more expanded than in Kobelt’s typical figure, which was evidently taken from a rather
young shell, the very thick columella in most specimens agrees with that of the type, but
in some few it is abruptly twisted back, as in pi. ii, fig. 21 of “ Pcdsch. Moll.” ( L . obliquata,
v. Mart.)
These specimens are interesting as removing one of the few slight differences be-
tween L. obliquata and L. solidissima ; my Pankong specimens clearly show the more expand-
ed aperture to be merely a question of age and condition, as is also the gradual slope of the
outer lip ; nearly all my specimens agree in this latter respect with typical obliquata, only
very few showing the angular outer lip of typical solidissima ; Kobelt in his description
pointed out the close affinity of the two forms, and also that L. obliquata must be classed
rather with L. lagotis, than L. auricularia ; the shortened columella seems to me the best
characteristic of the latter group, as shown in the form I have already described as a variety
of that species ; the difference is also excellently portrayed in von Marten’s figures, pi. ii,
figs. 20 and 21, “ Pedsclr. Moll.” The Pankong shell, though always preserving its chief cha-
racteristics, varies most remarkably, as will be seen from the accompanying measurements.
The ordinary form : — long. 22, diam. 17^ ; apert. long. 18, diam. 12J mm.
A form with more produced spire and contracted aperture, agreeing with Kobelt’s figure :
— long. 22, diam. 15^ ; apert. long. 15 J, diam. 10^ mm.
A unique form, with quite depressed spire : — long. 19, diam. 15J ; apert. long. VI diam.
12 mm.
A form (represented by six or seven specimens), with unusually expanded and more
rounded aperture : — long. 18, diam. 17 ; apert. long. 111?, diam. 12 mm.
About a hundred specimens from the shores of the Pankong Lake : both young and old
specimens show the same peculiar thickness of shell.
Limn^a lagotis, var. costulata.
Limnaa lagotis, var. costulata, v. Martens, Fedscli., Keise, Moll., pi. ii, fig. 24.
More than a hundred specimens were collected by Dr. Stoliczka at Leh, agreeing exactly
with figs. 22 and 24 {loo. cit.). I cannot consider the forms there figured as belonging to
even different varieties ; there are numerous individuals amongst the Leh specimens of all
the forms and of every conceivable connecting link; the variety, as I understand it, appears
to be fairly constant as regards size and colour ; the spire, too, does not appear to vary much
more than in the figures quoted; the columella, however, graduates from even a more rounded
shape than in figure 22 B to the straight (or slightly bent back) form of figure 24 A.
Long. max. 18J, diam. 12 ; apert. long. 13f, diam. 8f mm.
Limilea lagotis, var. yarkandensis, nov.
This is a striking and handsome form, close to the preceding, but half as large again, with
more produced spire, of five less convex whorls, much stouter texture and straighter, more
MOLLUSCA.
9
evenly rounded columella, which is very broadly reflected ; these characters of the columella
appear to be its only marked difference from the European form figured by Kobelt, “Mai. Bl. ”
1870, pi. iii, fig. 9.
About forty specimens from Yarkand and from near Sasak Taka, on the road to Sarikol ;
fourteen specimens from North Tangitar, of even stouter texture than the preceding ; twenty
specimens from a marsh, 5 miles west of Panjah, in Badakshan; this is a shorter, dwarf form.
Type of var. yarJcandensis (from near Sasak Taka) : long. 22, diam. 15|- ; apert. long. 16,
diam. 10^ mm.
Limnjea lagotis, var. subdisjuncta, nov.
More than a hundred specimens from the neighbourhood of Leh ; shell smaller even than
var. costulata, of a peculiarly dark horn colour ; whorls four to five, more convex and generally
a little more produced, though varying in this respect, than fig. 22 B ( loc . cit.) ; aperture un-
usually narrow, especially above ; columella sharp, scarcely reflected, almost or altogether
detached from the body whorl, and continuous with the outer lip, in consequence of this
peculiar character the variety is always more or less openly umbilicate.
Typical and ordinary form of the variety : long. 11, diam. 7 ; apert. long. 1\, diam. 5 mm.
An extremely elongate form: long. 12, diam. 6J; apert. long. 6^, diam. 4^ mm.
A depressed form : long. 10j, diam. 7 ; apert. long. 8, diam. 5 mm.
17. Limnaia andersoniana, Nev.
This interesting small species, which I have described in my paper on the mollusca
brought back by Dr. Anderson from Yunnan and Upper Burma, is probably the form mentioned
in the systematic list of the “ Conchologia Indica ” as L. marginata, Mich., from the Shan
Provinces ; at least Mr. Theobald gave me a single specimen from the Shan States agreeing
exactly with typical specimens of L. andersoniana from Nantin (Yunnan). Dr. von Mar-
tens by letter informs me that my Yarkand specimens belong to Ids “ L. pervia, which
again is the L. davidi of Deshayes from Tibet.” I cannot, however, accept this identification
as the original description throughout makes a great point of the open umbilicus, which
it compares with that of L. truncatula, also stating that it is only half covered by the
dilated columella. Out of several hundred specimens from Yarkand and Yunnan I am
unable to discover a single specimen with what could be called an open umbilicus ; they all
have it almost, and generally quite covered with the very broadly reflected columella.
More than a hundred specimens, of a rather distinct variety, from North Tangitar and
Kashgliar ; with distinctly rimate aperture and spire more produced, whorls more convex than
in the typical Yunnan form, columella not so short or straight, and less thickened. This
must be the form I suppose nearest L. pervia ?
Long. lLj, diam. 7 ; apert. long. 71, diam. 5 mm.
About a hundred specimens from Yarkand ; after a most careful examination quite undis-
tinguishable from the Yunnan type specimens : the umbilicus is completely covered.
3
10 SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
18. LlMNiEA TRUNCATTJLA, Mull.
About thirty specimens from Leh, agreeing fairly with pi. ii, fig. 26 of ‘ Eedsch. Reise
Moll.’ Dr. Stoliczka on a former visit to the Himalayas, found a still more produced form
abundant at Spiti ; also a shorter form at Kulu, Kotegarh, & c.
19. Limn.ea lessons, Iss.
Issel, Moll.. Persia, 1865, pi. iii, figs. 64—66.
I cannot separate this form, even as a variety, from Issel’s Persian shell, for specimens
of which, from Karman (Persia), I am indebted to Mr. W. T. Blanford. Dr. Stoliczka
collected some fifty specimens of an almost perfectly similar form in a stream east of the
Pamir-kul ; they are like the type form imperforate, with similar short spire and rather
expanded aperture. The Pamir specimens are of rather thicker substance ; the characteristic
orange colour is also more marked.
Long. 8, diam. 5f ; apert. alt. 5f, lat. 3f mm.
20. Planorbis (Gyraitlus) albus, Mull., var.
More than a hundred specimens were found on the shores of Lake Pankong ; they consist
mainly of two forms, apparently equally plentiful, one with a more narrow umbilicus than
in any European specimens I have seen, in this respect agreeing with some varieties of P .
convexiusculus, Hutt., and with pi. iv., fig. 35, “ Mai. Bl.,” 1875 (P. riparius ); in other respects,
however, resembling figs. 1 — 3, loc. cit., of typical P. albus : diam. 4f, alt. 1^ mm.
The other, with more open umbilicus, agreeing with figures 1 — 6 and 10 — 12, loc. cit.,
intermediate between the two : diam. 5, alt. 1^ mm.
There are also two specimens with very open umbilicus, more so than in fig. 14, in other
respects more like P. Icer/is : diam. 6J, alt. 1| mm.
Two or three deformities were also found, in which the last whorl is completely detached
and the spire curiously raised, presenting some analogy to specimens of Valvata.
Prom Leh, also, some hundred specimens were brought of a form agreeing exactly in
colour and every other respect with figs. 1 — 3. Mixed up with them equally abundantly was
another allied form, which however, I have classed separately as P. Icsvis, var.
More than a hundred specimens were collected at Yarkand ; the majority fairly represented
by figs. 4—6, loc. cit. Some few however, have the last whorl near the aperture considerably
deflected, as in figs. 15 and 21 ; the umbilicus varies in being a little more or less open. Nine
specimens from 5 miles west of Panjah (Badakshan) ; they agree fairly with the preceding
Yarkand form.
21. Planorbis (Gyraulus) l/evis, Aid., var. ladacensis nov.
Planorbis lams, Alder, Trans. Nat. Hist. Northumb,, 1830.
glaber , Jeffr., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1830.
I confess I am unable to distinguish quite satisfactorily the differences between this
species and the preceding. This Leh form, in any case, seems fairly separable from all the
MOLLUSC A.
11
others brought hack by Dr. Stoliczka ; it differs mainly in two respects, colour and shape
of the aperture, in the latter respect agreeing with pi. iv, figs. 10 — 12, “ Mai. Bl. ” xxii,
Ice vis, Aid.) — shell resembling the above figures, hut of a rich chestnut brown, and with
the umbilicus a little more open ; the aperture is considerably more laterally expanded
than in the forms I have grouped under P. albus, and consequently relatively not so
high.
Diam. 6, alt. 1^ mm.
About a hundred specimens from Leh.
22. Planorbis (Tropidiscus) subangulatus, Phil., var.
Planorbis subangnlata, Phil., “ Moll. Sicil. ” 1814, pi. xxi, fig. 6 (Sicily).
Pour specimens only were found at North Tangitar; the form is a very remarkable one,
and may, I think, prove to he new ; it is very different from Persian specimens of P. suborn -
gulatus , as also from European P. marginatus ; the angulation is less distinct than in the
former, the whole shell more compressed and flattened out, the spire showing distinctly
all five whorls ; the aperture is more contracted, and the under side less deeply sunk.
PI. iii, figs. 23-24, “ Malakozoologische Blatter,” 1875, gives an almost exact representation
of the form ; the shape of the aperture is quite different from that of fig. 22, being higher
than the body whorl and not bent down ; of course these figures are magnified views of a
minute and quite different species ; a fair idea of the shell may, however, be obtained from
them.
Diam. 8, alt. If mm.
Persian specimens of P. subangidatus measure — diam. 7-|, alt. 2 mm.
23. Planorbis (Segmentina) nitidus, Mull.
Planorbis nitidus, Muller, Hist. Vermium. p. 163.
Twelve specimens of a small form from Yarkand.
24. Planorbis (Hippeutis) complanatus, Lin.
Planorbis fontanus, Lightf. (England) .
Ten specimens were found with the preceding at Yarkand; they are also a small variety.
25. Planorbis (Armiger) natjtileus, Lin.
{Fide Westerl. , Mai. Bl., 1875, p. 115 = P. crista, Lin., var.)
I detected seven specimens of this interesting minute form inside the apertures of the
Yarkand specimens of Limncea; the margins of the aperture are continuous; I can detect
no signs of transverse ribs, and the form is most certainly specifically distinct from my
English specimens of L. crista, L., as represented in “ Malakozoologische Blatter,” pi. iv,
fi-s! 25—27 ; the Yarkand shells agree very fairly with figs. 28-30, loc. cit.
Diam. 2f mm.
12
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
26. Valvata piscinalis, Mull.
Nerita piscinalis, Muller, Hist. Verm., p. 172.
About thirty specimens from the Pankong Lake, quite undistinguishahle from European
specimens.
27. Valvata stoliczkana, n. sp. Eigs. 34—36.
This is a distinct and interesting new species ; in its size and depressed form it resembles
V. depressa, C. Pfr., Kiister, pi. xiv, figs. 20 & 21 ; it can be at once distinguished from it
by the remarkably deep and narrow umhilicus, only half as open as that of Pfeiffer’s shell.
There are four whorls, which are slightly subangulate, forming a faint depression near the
suture ; under the lens it is distinctly, closely and regularly striated ; the colour is a light
glossy green , the aperture is not perfectly circular and is not quite so broad as high.
Diam 4, axis If mm.
Abundant at Yarkand.
28. Pisidium, n. sp.
It is a great pity that the figures in Clessin’s new monograph of Pisidium , in Kiister’s
edition of the “ Concliylien- Cabinet,” are so bad as to be almost without exception perfectly
unrecognizable; a glance at Baudon’s figures, “ Monog. Pisidies Erancaises,” published in 1857,
will show the great inferiority of the former ; the shell described by Clessin as Corbicuia (?)
minima in “Eedsch. Moll., ” pi. iii., fig. 30, is a most remarkable form, and I hope Dr. von
Martens will give us further and more correct information as to its proper classification.
The present species bears a close resemblance to European forms of _P. pulcliellum ;
it is certainly not allied even to the species represented in Eedschenko’s Mollusca ; the
form is well charactei’ized by its obtuse and tumid umbones, by its extreme shortness,
by its distinct concentric sculpture, and by its light- grey (cineraceous) colour; it some-
what resembles Baudon’s pi. i, fig. E (P. obtusale), hut is less extremely tumid, and
not so high, compared with its breadth ; compared with pi. iii, fig. D, loc. tit., it is not
so high, more tumid at the umbones, which are less central, and Baudon’s shell is
apparently smooth ; the position of the umbones is exactly represented by pi. ii, fig. H.
(P. limoswn), loc. cit., from which indeed the Yarkand shell would seem to be scarcely
separable.
Diam. 3, alt. 2|, crass. 2| mm.
Abundant at Yarkand.
29. Pisidium, n. sp.
This is a very small, almost circular species, flatter than the last when of the
same size and with the umbones less tumid and more central ; the sculpture is the same ;
it is more tumid and less polished than the next form, with the sides less produced and more
MOLLUSCA.
13
rounded, the umbones more central ; it has more the shape of Baudon’s pi. Ill, fig. D, than
the last species has.
Diam. 2J, alt. 2, crass. If mm.
About a dozen specimens from Yarkand.
30. PlSIDITTM, n. sp.
This small form is quite distinct from the two preceding ; it can he at once distinguished
by its great flatness, by being more broadly truncate anteriorly, more produced posteriorly,
by its very flatly appressed umbones and by its polished glabrous surface ; it resembles Bau-
don’s pi. ii., fig. E, (P. thermale, Dup.), and also somewhat “ Eedsch. Moll.,” pi. iii., fig. 33,
though apparently the latter does not possess the characteristic appressed umbones.
Diam. 3, alt. 2f, crass I-3- mm.
Only two or three specimens from Yarkand.
31. PlSIDIUM OBTUSALE, Pfl\
Agrees fairly with Clessin’s figure of P. obtusale, loc. cit., pi. ii., fig. 22.
Diam. 4f, alt. 3f, crass. 2f mm.
About twenty specimens from Pankong Lake.
4
14
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
II.-MOLLUSCA FROM KASHMIR AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF MARI
(MURREE) IN THE PUNJAB.
The change from the Indo-Malayan to the so-called European molluscous fauna at the
northern -watershed of the Kashmir Valley is most abrupt and distinct; every species
found at Sonamarg belonging to the former, while, at only two days’ march from thence
at Mataian, every shell belongs to the latter, as already above recorded. Major Godwin-
Austen, who has personally visited the locality, has been kind enough to inform me that it
is on crossing the pass called the “ Zoji-la” into Dras, that the change becomes at once very
great, the aspect of the country entirely changing, the forest-clad hills of Kashmir disappear,
and, instead, one enters a sterile, dry country of higher elevation, altogether Tibetan in
character; Sonamarg is within the drainage of the River Jhelum, whilst Mataian, on the
other hand, is within that of the River Indus.
1. Helicabion ahstenianhs, n. sp., Eigs. 22 — 24.
This is a very distinct and peculiar form, well distinguished from all other Indian species ;
it is most like a dwarf H. jlemingi, from which it is distinguished by its short, almost
globose form, &c.
Shell much smaller than that of H. Jlemingi, more globose, suture more excavated,
and the spiro more raised, apex more distinct; more rudely and regularly concentrically
plicated; whorls five, more convex, the last one not nearly so much dilated; texture
thinner and more membranaceous, of an equally dark, but brighter and more glossy colour ;
aperture about as high as broad; base a shade more convex, imperforate; columella less
oblique, very short and abruptly triangularly reflected.
Diam. 15 Is, axis ; apert. lat. 9^, alt. 91, mm.
Some dozen specimens, several of which are preserved with the animal in spirit, were
brought back from Sonamarg.
2. Helicabion flemingi, Pfr.
Vitrina Jlemingi, Pfr., P. Z. S., 1856, p. 324 (Sind).
Young specimen, of approximately same size as full grown II. austenianum (for com-
parison) : diam. 141, axis 5f , alt. max. 9 ; apert. lat. 8f, alt. 8f mm.
Dr. Stoliczka found this fine species tolerably abundant at Murree and Tinali. There are
several specimens with the animal in spirit.
Diam. 40, axis 12, alt. max. 23'5 ; apert lat. 25, alt. 20 mm.
MOLLUSCA.
15
3. Helicaeion stoliczkanijs, n. sp., Figs. 19 — 21.
Vitrina monticola of Reeve and Concliologia Indica, not Pfr.
(?) Vitrina sp., from Almora, Bens., J. A. S. B., VII, p. 214.
(?) Vitrina monticola of Benson in MSS., not of Pfr.
Tliis shell is a close ally of U. cassida, and might indeed he ranked as a smaller
variety, with less exserted whorls and with a rather differently coloured epidermis ; the close
relationship was noted as above by Benson, and is well shown by Reeve, figs. 10 and 11, and
by Hanley, pi. clii, figs. 1 — 4, who represent both species side by side, no doubt purposely.
A comparison of these figures with Pfeiffer’s original description, as detailed here under the
next species, at once shows that the two belong to totally different sections of the genus-
I have discovered a very similar misunderstanding with Nanina petrosa, Hutton, originally
described from Mirzapur. On Benson informing Hutton that his Mirzapur A. petrosa was
only the Calcutta N. vitrinoides, the latter transferred his name of JSf. petrosa to an undescribed
Himalayan allied smaller form, the animal of which he knew to he distinct. Benson was wrong ;
Hutton’s species from the Rajmalial Hills (Bhagalpur, Mirzapur, &c.), proves quite different,
both as regards shell and animal, from the Calcutta form, and of course retains its name N.
petrosa. It is well and correctly figured in the “ Conchologia Indica,” pi. lxxxviii, figs. 1 and
10, where our common Calcutta N. vitrinoides is not represented at all. I think it very likely
something similar may have happened, causing the confusion of this Helicarion and the next
species ; some one may have pointed out that Pfeiffer’s flat and depressed shell was only a
variety of Benson’s IT. scutella from Teria Ghat, whereupon the name of monticola was trans-
ferred to the other North-West form, which had previously not been distinguished by a separate
name from H. cassida, though probably the allied form from Almorah referred to by Benson
in the original description (J. A. S. B., VII, p. 214). Indeed from this passage I conclude
Benson’s manuscript name of monticola really referred to this shell, and not to the species de-
scribed as such by Pfeiffer. This would account for this form being named monticola in Cuming’s
collection, and hence figured for it by Reeve and Hanley ; Pfeiffer’s actual type of monticola
should be looked for in the Cumingian collection, amongst the variety of Vitrina scutella from
the North-West Himalayas. Benson probably, when describing his Vitrina scutella, did
not compare it with Pfeiffer’s monticola, because he assumed the latter to be his own true
manuscript monticola, and not the flat-whorled, depressed shell Pfeiffer really described for
it,, and which Benson considered (possibly correctly) to be a variety of his Teria Ghat,
scutella.
Dr. Stoliczka found a single specimen at Tinali. I have not taken this specimen as
my type, but one of the common Naini Tal specimens, represented in most collections.
Type from Naini Tal : diam. 22, axis 8, alt. 13 ; apert. lat. 14|, alt. 12 mm.
4. Helicaeion monticola, Pfr.
Vitrina monticola, Pfr., P. Z. S., 1848 (Landour, Almorah, &c.)
Vitrina scutella (pars), Bens., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1859, ser. 3, vol. iii, p. 188 (Khasi Hills
and Kashmir).
Unfortunately, in bis original description of H. scutella, Benson does not say whether
he takes the Khasi or Kashmir form for his type ; the two must, I believe, be specifically
separated. If, however, they should prove identical, the scutella of Benson will be a synonym
16
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
of monticola. According to the “ Conchologia Indica,” the type form of H. scutella is from the
Khasi Hills, and the variety from Kashmir ; after a careful consideration of the original
description, I think Mr. Hanley is correct in this view. Instead of 3^, II. monticola
lias 4J, whorls, which increase more regularly than in II. scutella ; the colour is of a
greenish-brown, instead of bright green ; the apex less acute ; the aperture much higher in
proportion to its breadth ; the columella not oblique at all, almost straight and rounded at the
base. This species is found abundantly everywhere throughout the North-West Himalayas
in company with the preceding.
Specimen from Murree : diam. 1CA, axis 5-|, alt. 8^; apert. alt. 1C% alt. 101 mm.
Pfeiffer’s original measurements of H. monticola are: — diam. maj. 18, alt. 7-|- mm.
This is evidently an even more depressed form than the one here recorded from Murree, and
does not at all agree with the preceding species, which possesses moderately exserted whorls
and has been figured by both Reeve and Hanley for II. monticola ; the latter author’s figure
measures : — diam. 20|, alt. 13 mm. Pfeiffer’s description, too, suits this shell, and not the
preceding, when he says, “ Depressa, Sfc., spira plana ; anfract. 4, celeriier accrescentes
planiusculi, ultimus depressus, non descendens, &c.”
5. Nanina (Rqtula) chloroplax, Bens.
Helix chloroplax, Benson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1865, ser. 3, vol. xv, p. 14 (near Simla).
Pound abundantly near Murree, agreeing exactly with the original description and the
figure in “ Conchologia Indica,” pi. xxxii, figs. 1 and 4.
A few of the specimens found were larger than the type, which was only 8 mm. in
diameter. Diam. max. 11, axis 5, alt. 6 ; apert. lat. 6, alt. 4 mm.
6. Nan in a (Rotula) kashmirensis, n. sp., Pigs. 13 — 15.
Shell small, closely resembling the preceding, from which it can, however, he easily
distinguished by its smaller size, less depressed shape, much more closely wound whorls,
higher spire and less acute keel ; by the more convex base, which does not possess the ex-
cavated depression round the umbi licus so characteristic of its ally ; the umbilicus itself also is
smaller; the sculpture is apparently the same, above subplicately striate, below the same hut
less developed than above. I think both should rather he described as most minutely
punctuate, rather than “ tenuissime decussata” as in the original description of W. chloroplax.
The aperture is quite different, being much less dilated in the present species, with scarcely
any trace of the acute angulation in the middle of the outer margin, and with the columella
less oblique and more rounded at the base. Pull-grown type of N. kashmirensis, diam 7J,
axis 3f, alt, 4|; apert. lat. 3^, alt. 3 mm. Young specimen of N. chloroplax (for compari-
son) : diam 7i, axis 3|, alt. 4} ; apert. lat. 4, alt. 3 mm.
Abundant at Sonamarg.
7. Nanina (Microcystis?) sonamitrgensis, n. sp., Pigs. 16—18.
Shell small, depressed, thin, horny -brown, with the suture distinct ; roughly, regularly and
closely ribbed above ; sculpture of a similar kind, hut almost obsolete, can he traced on the
MOLLUSCA.
17
base ; whorls seven, closely wound ; the last scarcely, if at all, broader than the previous one,
more or less subangulate at the periphery : base convex, distinctly excavated round a deep
narrow umbilicus ; aperture very shallow, the outer margin distinctly thickened, slightly
subangulate in the middle ; columella very slightly reflected, oblique, evenly rounded, without
any angulation at the base, in this character resembling N. splendens and differing from
N. prona. I know of no Indian species like this interesting little shell ; in shape it somewhat
resembles the smooth N. woodiana. Diam. 11|, alt. 5|, axis ; apert. lat. 5-J- mm.
Dr. Stoliczka found a few specimens alive at Sonamarg ; he notes that the animal is
provided with a mucous pore.
8. Nanina (Macrochlamys) prona, n. sp.
Shell small, of the same group as N. petrosa, Ilutt., &c., but with closer wound whorls ;
it is a form which apparently is widely spread throughout the North-Western Himalayas, as
the Museum possesses numerous specimens from Simla, Masuri, Naini Tal and Sahdranpur ;
two specimens, found by Colonel Godwin- Austen in the Daffla Hills, also apparently belong
here. A very similar small form, but I think specifically distinct, is also found in the Bombay
Presidency. Dr. Stoliezka’s specimens from Murree are all young, or in bad preservation ;
I have therefore determined on not naming the species from his Murree specimens, but take
as my type the common North-West Himalayan form, the animal of which is known and
which is usually recorded in collections as N. petrosa. Colonel God win- Austen informs me
that Hutton himself transferred his own name petrosa from the Mirzapur shell to the
Masuri one, on the strength of Benson’s statement that the former was identical with the
Calcutta N. vitrinoides, in which, as already stated, Benson was quite wrong. This
species is . not figured in the “ Conchologia Indica,” as far as I can see. Whorls six, closely
wound, the last only slightly deflected, sometimes not at all, in which case, of course, the
aperture is quite vertical ; spire almost or quite flat ; periphery rounded ; umbilicus resembling
that of N. petrosa, more open than in all the other allied species ; horny-brown colour, smooth
and polished above and below ; margins of aperture distinctly, but slightly thickened. Type
from Naini Tal: diam. 12, axis 4J, alt. 5|- ; apert. lat. 6, alt. 4f mm.
9. Nanina (Bensonia) monticola, Hutt., var. murriensis, nov.
Nanina monticola , Hutt., J. A. S. B., vii, 1838, p. 215 (North-Western Himalayas).
Helix labiata, Pfr., P. Z. S., 1845, p. 65 (Loc. — ? — )
Both species are recorded and figured in the “ Conchologia Indica” as distinct, and I think
very possibly the two forms there given may prove separable. Unfortunately, typical N.
monticola is typical N. labiata , as figured 1. c., pi. xxvii, fig. 5. This I am able to prove by
a fine series of typical N. monticola, presented years ago by Captain Hutton to the
Asiatic Society, and now in the Indian Museum. Theobald correctly unites the two species in
Ids catalogue, though I consider him mistaken in also uniting Beeve’s II. convexa. The form
found by Dr. Stoliczka is near the much rarer one figured in the “ Conchologia Indica,”
pi. lii, fig. 3, as H. monticola, and may prove distinct ; the Murree specimen differs indeed, even
more markedly than the one there figured, in the characters which separate it from the type
18
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
form, namely, open umbilicus, compressed whorls, more vertical aperture and peculiar, abruptly
raised apical whorls.
A single specimen only was found at Changligali near Murree.
10. Nanina (Bensonia) splendens, Hutt.
Nanina splendens, Hutton, J. A. S. B., 1838, p. 216 (North-Western Himalayas) ; “ Conchologia Indica,”
pi. li, figs. 7 and 10.
This is one of the puzzling species, apparently intermediate between Macrochlamys and
Xesta. The question of its correct generic rank can only be settled by a careful examina-
tion of its anatomy. In the excellent original description, the animal is described as of “ a
dark verdigris green, living under fallen timber at 9,000 to 11,000 feet above the sea, &c.
Dr. Stoliczka found a few specimens at Tinali.
11. Nanina (Bensonia) angelica, Pfr.
Ilelix angelica , Pfr., P. Z. S., 1856, p. 33 (Punjab).
Dr. Stoliczka found several living specimens, all unfortunately young, at Uri (between
Tinali land Srinagar). The form is distinguished from the preceding by the almost closed
umbilicus, more closely wound whorls, &c. ; the rounded periphery and numerous varices
appear to be characteristic.
12. Nanina (Bensonia) jacqitemonti, v. Mart.
Nanina. jacquemonti, v. Mart., Mai. Bl., xvi, 1869, p. 75 (Himalayas).
A single specimen of this well-marked species was found at Murree : it is a common
shell in the Punjab Salt Range. I give below the measurements of the Murree specimen, as
they differ somewhat considerably from those of the type.
Diam. 20, axis 7^ ; alt. lOJ, apert. lat. lOf , alt. 8J mm.
13. Helix (Patula) iiumilis, Hutt.
Helix Iiumilis, Hutt., J. A. S. B,, 1838, p. 217 (Simla).
Eound tolerably abundant near Murree. Hutton records the animal “ as that of a true
Helix, of a dark grey or blackish colour, abundant during the rains on moist rocks, under
dead leaves, &c., and at the roots of shrubs.”
14. SuCCINEA PFEIFFERI, RoSSm,
A few specimens from near Srinagar.
MOLLUSCA.
15. Clausilia waageni, Stol.
19
Clausilia waageni, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B., 1872, pi. ix, fig. 19 (Changligali) .
About a dozen specimens of this species were found near Murree, under tlie bark of trees.
16. Clausilia cylindrica, Gray.
Clausilia cylindrica, Gray, Pfr., Symb. Ill, p. 93 (India).
Pound in great abundance, under the bark of oak trees, near Murree.
17. Buliminus (Petrjeus) stoliczkanus, n. sp., Pigs. 25—27.
Shell in shape resembling B. rufistrigatus ; deeply and narrowly rimate, oblong, for a
species of Petrous of rather thin and diaphanous texture ; obliquely, very irregularly striated,
the strim often very broad, more or less crowded together, with gaps between the “ fasciculi. ’
The ground colour is dark horny brown, with the strife pure white, having the appearance (owing
to the epidermis) in a fresh state of being a bright yellow; spire oblong, conical, apex obtuse ;
whorls seven, scarcely convex ; aperture oblique and oblong, peristome white, outer margin
scarcely reflected, columella moderately broad. It can be easily distinguished from its next ally
B. rufistrigatus, by the less convex whorls, the more produced spire, less obtuse apex, by the
considerably broader last whorl (in proportion to the others) and by the more dilated aperture ;
the sculpture also is peculiar and characteristic : it is nearer pi. xxiii, tig. 10, of the “ Con-
chologia Indica” than pi. xx, fig. 1.
Long. 16, diam. 7 (last whorl to base of aperture 9) ; apert. 5f , lat. mm.
Pound fairly abundant living on currant-bushes at Sonamarg.
18. Buliminus (Petejeus) mainwaeingianus, n. sp., Pig. 28.
There is no Indian species with which I can compare this species. As to shape, the nearest
I know of are some small dwarf forms of Cylindrus insularis ; the species is, however, next
allied to B. pretiosus and B. rufistrigatus.
Narrowly and superficially rimate, subcylindrically conical, of stout, smooth and
polished substance ; striated, strife less oblique than in the preceding, fewer and more regular,
not crowded together in the same way, here and there one more developed than the others,
with intermediate ones more or less obsolete; light horny-brown, variegated with opaque white
markings, as in B. pretiosus ; these markings are fewer, of a more zigzag, broader and more
irregular nature than those of the preceding ; spire produced, apex scarcely obtuse ; whorls 7,
the three apical ones unusually short compared with the others, last whorl compressed ;
aperture very small, almost as broad as high, peristome pure white, outer margin considerably
thickened, columella very broadly reflected, straighter than in the preceding, slightly sub-
angulate, instead of rounded, at base.
° i^g. 10 , diam. 4J (last whorl to base of aperture, 5{) ; apert. alt. 3|, lat. 3 mm.
Pairly abundant, near Murree.
20
SECOND YARKAND MISSION.
I have named this pretty little shell after my friend Colonel Mainwaring, B.S.C., who
has lately discovered very many interesting, rare and new forms round Calcutta, in Behar,
and near Darjiling.
19. Buliminus (Petrous) beddomeanus, n. sp., Eig. 29.
This is a very interesting species, resembling somewhat, in shape of the whorls and
aperture, B. smithei, “ Conchologia Indica,” pi. xx, fig. 3, hut it is still nearer B. eremita, Bens.,
1. c., fig. 8, from which its produced spire, narrower whorls, and aperture easily distinguish
it. Narrowly rimate, subcylindrically turreted, of solid, scarcely polished substance; closely,
obliquely striate, striae more regular and crowded together than in the two preceding forms ;
of a very pale horn colour, only here and there discernible, on account of the crowded striae,
which are of a chalk white colour ; spire much produced, apex obtuse ; whorls 10, increasing
very gradually and regularly, last whorl compressed; aperture very small, peristome white,
outer margin broadly reflected, very slightly arcuate (much as in pi. xx, fig. 3, l. .), columella
dilated, obliquely rounded at base.
Long. 13f, diam. 4 f (last whorl to base of aperture, 5); apert. alt. 3^, lat. 2f mm.
Rather scarce near Murree.
I have named this shell after Colonel Beddome, who has contributed so extensively
to our knowledge of the plants, reptiles and mollusks of South India.
20. Buliminus (Peileus) pretiosus, Cantor.
Eour specimens were found at Tinali, and a single one, of a slightly different form, near
Murree.
21. Bulimintjs (Petrous) rufistrigatus, Bens.
A single specimen of the typical form from the Jhelum Valley, and two specimens from
Kashmir of the var. gracilis of the “ Conchologia Indica.”
22. Buliminus (Petrous) domina, Bens.
A few specimens were found alive near Murree.
23. Buliminus (Petrous) candelaris, Pfr., var.
A peculiarly shortened form found very abundantly near Tinali ; the dextral form
appears to have been found more abundant than the sinistral. Mr. Lydekker, of the
Geological Survey of India, informs me he has noticed that the two forms are not usually
found absolutely together.
MOLLUSCA.
21
24. Anadenus alti vagus, Theob.
Limax altivagus, Theob., J. A. S. B., 1862, p. 489.
A few specimens were found at Changligali, under a log of wood. I am by no means
sure that my friend Mr. Theobald is correct in uniting with this species the A. giganteus,
Heyn. ; the latter seems to me to agree better with a still larger slug of which the Indian
Museum possess several fine specimens in spirit, found at Katmandu in Nipal.
25. Anadenus modestus, Theob.
Umax modestus, Theob., J. A. S. B., 1862, p. 489 (Simla Hills).
A few specimens of this small form, as far as I can see, only differing in external aspect
by their smaller size and finer texture, were found with the preceding.
26. Anadenus, sp.
I should not have ventured on separating this single specimen, found with the two
preceding, hut for a note of Dr. Stoliczka, which says— “ I also found near here four specimens
of an Avion, and specimens of two other Arion-Uke slugs.” It is slightly larger than the
preceding, and of a black, instead of light liver colour ; otherwise I can see no difference.
27. Anadenus, sp.
Described by Stoliczka in his notes as “ a slug like the one I found at Changligali, hut
with the foot sharply crested.”
Explanation oe the Plate.
Fig. 1
}>
>>
3.
4 6.
7 9.
10—12.
13—15.
16—18.
19—21.
22—24.
25—27.
28.
29.
30—31.
32—33
34—36.
Helix (Fniticicola) phaozona, v. Mart., p. 2.
„ „ plectotropis, v. Mart., p. 3.
„ mataianensis, Nevill, p. 3.
,, (Xerophild) stoliczkana, Nevill, p. 3.
Nanina (Botula) kashmir ensis, Nevill, p. 16.
„ (Microcystis) sonamurgensis, Nevill, p. 16.
Uelicarion stoliczkanus, Nevill, p. 15.
„ austenianns, Nevill, p. 14.
Buliminus (Petraus) stoliczkanus, Nevill, p. 1 9.
,, mainwaringianus , Nevill, p. 19.
,, beddomeanus, Nevill, p. 20.
Succinea martensiana, Nevill, p. 5.
,i pfeifferi, var. subintermedia, Nevill, p. 6.
Valvata stoliczkana, Nevill, p. 12.
Erkatom.
In names at foot of plate for “var. intermedia/' read “ var. subintermedia.”
6
MOLLUSC A.
R Mintern lith •
1 3. Helix phaeozona.
4. 6. H.plectotropis.
7. 9. H.mataianensis.
10. 12. H. stoliozkana.
13. 15. Nanina kashmirensis.
. 16. 18. N. sonamurgensis.
19. 21. Helicarion stoliczkanus.
Mirrtem BT'osimp.
22. 24. H. austemanus .
25. 27. Bulimmus stoliczkanus.
28. B.mainwarmgiaiTus. .
29. BTbeddomeanus.
30. 31. Succinea rnartensiana.
32, 33. Succinea pfeiff hci(varin£errrwdia,)
34, 36. Valvata stoliczkana.
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