VOL. 123, PARTS 1 & 2 31 MAY, 1999 Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia Incorporated Contents Bourman, R. P., Belperio, A. P., Murray-Wallace, C. V. & Cann, J. H. A last interglacial embayment fill at Normanville, South Australia and its neotectonic implications - - = - - Beveridge, I. New species of Cloacina Linstow, 1898 (Nematoda : Strongyloidea) parasitic in the stomach of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus (Marsupialia : Macropodidae) from Western Australia - - - - - Kolesik, P. A. A new genus and species of gall midge (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) damaging flowers of the South Australian swamp paper-bark, Melaleuca halmaturorum (Myrtaceae) - Smales, L. R. Bainechina rossiae gen. et sp. nov. (Nematoda : Seuratidae) from Australian dasyurid marsupials - - - Cann, J. H. & Murray-Wallace, C. V. Source of food items in an ecw midden at Little Dip, near Robe, southeastern South Australia: implications for coastal geomorphic change - - Griffith, J. E. Three new species of strongyloid nematodes from Thylogale stigmatica (Gould, 1860) and Thylogale thetis TS 1828) Marsupialia: Macropodidae) - - - Conran, J. G. & Christophel, D. C. A redescription of the Aantélicd eee fossil monocotyledon Petermanniopsis (Lilianae : aff. Petermanniacae) - % = - a Rs = Bird, A. F. A comparison of some soil microinvertebrate assemblages in Southern Australia - - - - - Brief Communications: White, J. M. Seasonal variation in salinity in the Watervalley Wetlands in the south east of South Australia - Jones, J. B. & Zeidler, W. The occurrence of Pachypgus gibber (Thorell, 1859) (Copepoda : Notodelphyidae) in Australian waters - Smales, L. R. Species of Gnathostoma (Nematoda : Spiruroidea) from bandicoots and dasyurids (Marsupialia) from Australia - PUBLISHED AND SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM, NORTH TERRACE, ADELAIDE, S.A. 5000 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INCORPORATED VOL. 123, PART 1 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC, CONTENTS, VOL. 123, 1999 PARTS | & 2, 31 MAY, 1999 Bourman, R. P., Belperio, A. P., Murray-Wallace, C. V. & Cann, J, H. A last interglacial embayment fill at Normanville, South Australia and its neotectonic implications - - - - - He Beveridge, I. New species of Cloacina Linstow, 1898 (Nematoda : Strong Eyloidea) parasitic in the stomach of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus (Marsupialia ; Macropodidae) from Western Australia - - - - Kolesik, P. A new genus and species of gall midge (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) damaging flowers of the South Australian swamp paper-bark, Melaleuca halmaturorum (Myrtaceae) - - - + = - = Smales, L. R. Bainechina rossiae gen, et sp. noy. (Nematoda ; Seuratidae) from Australian dasyurid marsupials - - - - - - - - - - Cann, J. H. & Murray-Wallace, C. V. Source of food items in an Aboriginal midden at Little Dip, near Robe, southeastern South Australia: implications for coastal geomorphic change - - - - - - = = - = = Griffith, J. E. Three new species of strongyloid nematodes from Thylogale stigmatica (Gould, 1860) and Phylogale thetis (Lesson, 1828) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) -— - Conran, J. G. & Christophel, D. C. A redescription of the Australian Puente fossil monocotyledon Petermanniopsts (Lilianae : aff: Petermanniacae) - Bird, A. F. A comparison of some soil microinvertebrate assemblages: in Southern Australia - = - = = = - = - eee Brief Communicatlons: White, J. M. Seasonal yariation in salinity in the Waterway Wetlands in the south east of South Australia - — - - - - Jones, J. B. & Zeidler, W. The occurrence of Riacliyeraies gibber an higntll 1859) (Copepoda : Notodelphyidae) in Australian waters - - Smales, L. R. Species of Gnathostoma (Nematoda : Spiruroidea) from bandicoots and dasyurids (Marsupialia) from Australia - - = - - = 81 83 PARTS 3 & 4, 30 NOVEMBER, 1999 Beveridge, I. & Speare, R. New species of parasitic nematodes from Dorcopsulus vanheurni (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Papua New Guinea - Thomson, S. A. & Mackness, B. S. Fossil turtles from the Early Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna, with a description of a new species of Elseya - — - Hemer, M, A. & Bye, J. A. T. The Swell Climate of the South Australian Sea Kolesik, P. & Peacock, D. E. A new species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging branch shoots of the dryland tea-tree, Melaleuca lanceolata (Myrtaceae) - - - - - - = - = =e 2 ee ee ee Bird, A. F. Observations of some nematodes from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, including the description of a new _ species, Hemicycliophora fluvialis Cystine: MeguEyehephencae) from Rocky River - - - = - - - - - O’Callaghan, M. G. & O’Donoghue, P. J, A new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Ejmeriidae) from the sticknest rat, Leporillus conditor (Rodentia; Muridae) - - - - - - - = - - = - - = - - = + = - Smales, L. R. Cloacinidae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) including a new species, Dorcopsinema simile, from Dorcopsulus vanheurni (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Papua New Guinea - - - - - - - = = Turni, C, & Smales, L. R. Progamotaenia abietiformis sp. nov. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from Onychogalea fraenata (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Central Queensland - - - - - - - = - Brief Communications: Lepschi, B. J., Kolesik, P. & Gates, M. Notes on the insect fauna of the fruit galls of Anthocercis anisantha (Solanaceae) in Westem Australia - - = - Lauck, B. & Tyler, M. J. Ilial shaft curvature: a novel osteological feature distinguishing two closely related species of Australian frogs - - - - - - Mackness, B. An additional record of a meiolaniid turtle from the Pleistocene of Northern Queensland - - - - - - - ------+--- Barker, S. Designation of lectotypes of three species of Cisseis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) - = + - + + < — 2.4 - 24 4 she 3 6 oes Insert ta Transactions of the Royal Saciety of South Australia, Vol. 123, party 3 & 4, 30 Navember, 1999 85 101 107 115 121 133 137 143 149 151 153 155 A LAST INTERGLACIAL EMBAYMENT FILL AT NORMANVILLE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AND ITS NEOTECTONIC IMPLICATIONS By R. P. BOURMAN*, A. P. BELPERIO7, C. V. MURRAY-WALLACEE & J. H. CANN* Summary Bourman, R. P., Belperio, A. P., Murray-Wallace, C. V. & Cann, J. H. (1999) A last interglacial embayment fill at Normanville, South Australia and its neotectonic implications. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(1), 1-15,31 May, 1999. Stratigraphic, sedimentological, amino acid racemisation, thermoluminescence (TL) and foraminiferal analyses of an embayment fill at Normanville, south of Adelaide, have established the presence of the last interglacial (Oxygen Isotope Substage 5e) subtidal sediments of the Glanville Formation at elevations of up to 12 metres AHD. Overlying aeolian deposits, dated at about 60 to 50 ka, are possible equivalents of the Fulham Sand of the Adelaide area. TL dating of the Fulham Sand from its type borehole location yielded an age of 74.9 + 6.9 ka, considerably older than previous estimates but compatible with a recent re-evaluation of the age of the Pooraka Formation. Key Words: Last Interglacial, embayment fill, Normanville, Glanville Formation, neotectonics, molluscs, foraminifera, amino acid racemisation, thermoluminescence dating, Fulham Sand. Feisictions af the Bowel Sacto ofS. Anite (1999), 123. (1S. A LAST INTERGLACIAL EMBAY MENT FILL AT NORMANVILLE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AND ITS NROTECTONIC IMPLICATIONS by R, P. Bourwan , A. P Berprerio’, C. Vo MurRAY-WALLACE> & J. AL Cann’ Bourmas, Ro PO Binpekio, ALP. Mpkay-Warr act C.¥& Cans, J EL (1999) A list unerelaciil embavinent fill ac Normanville, South Australia. and its neoteetume iinplicauons. Tray. Ro Seed Ausr, WA) ITS Al May, 1909, Strlivruphic. scdineniological amine aad racemisahon, themnolummescence (PL) ahd forandiiteral unulyses OF an embayment fill at Normianville, south al Adekude, have estublished the presence pf the bist terpluciil (Oxygen Tsotope Substige Se) subnidal sediments of (he Glanville Pormacon at elevations of up to 12 mores ATID, Overlyine aeoliin deposits, died at bout 60 to 50 ka. dice possible equivalents of the bulla Sand of the Adeluide area. Th dating ofthe Filham Sand from its type borehole locution yielded ia age of 74.0 +64 hat consmMerebly older thab previous estimates but compatible With a reecntre-evuluabror ob the age of the Pooruhu Pormatan The altitide ol the last inergheial shoreline ut Normanville al + 12 m AUD is consideribly higher (han al Dry Creek (- 1.260 AMD). Sellicks Beach (+4 to 3) AHID). Viet Harbor (+ 6m AHT) and Hancdiarsh Pstand b+ Tm ATID) andl iroplies Lan ot uplittidt this site rehitive to South Australia benel mark sites. The variition mh altitude Of the last interglicial Ghinville Formation trant Gull St Vincent, across Vlenricn Peninsula to the Murray Basin refleets Continuation of (he tectonic aetivily revenled by cistocation oFolder Miocene aad Parliest Pleistovene limestones. Kay Wortps: Last Interglacial, enibayment Gil, Normunwille. Glanville Formation. neoteetanies. mollases. foramimifen, dmine acid tacemisition. thermoeluminescence dating. Fullim Sane. Iniroduction A sequence oF last interglacial and younger sediments infills a former marine embayment in the Norrnanville area on the eastern shoreline of Gull St Vincent approximately 70 kin SSW of Adchude (Fig 1), The extentalthe Cormer tiaring embayment is Marked by an arcoate relict coastal cliff tine cut inky Cumbrian and Precambrian rocks ind Permian phicigenic sediments (Fig. 2). The ongority of the sediment-infilled embayment occurs below the 20m contour and the location af the former coastal elit 1s clearly marked by the 30 mr to 50m contours, mecuimg with current coustil chills ut both the northern und seutlierd extrenmties of the former embayment. Geomorphic Setting Three streams. Curriekulinga Creek and the Yank- alitiiiind Bungals Rivers cross the embayment fill in the Normanville area and have contributed to its formation. The Bungala River ts the largest of the ! Kyculy oF bnemeeriog andthe Environment University ob South Australi Mawsert Bouleyorl Mawson Lakes 5. Aust, 3095, i Formerly Mines ind Buernty Resoiiees South Ansioilin PO Bas IS Tastveal S Auk, 3003, Clorently Minotiur Gol la Crhiesteanio St POTS. ASE ANF * Suhel of Giedscictice CT versily ab Widlongenie SSW 2529 streams entering the sea in the central section ol the embayment and its culchiment area ts dominated by Permian. sandy, glictgenie deposits that have kurgely provided (he quartzose sediments of the modern beach and dune system. Carrickalinga Creek and the Yankalitli River also pass through some areas ol Permian sediments and enter the embayment oat its northern and southert ends. respec yely. The present rectilinear, sandy, six kilomelre long shoreline ts bucked by modern coustal dunes dp to 1S nm high ane contrasts. markedly with the morphology of the paleo - chtfed cousttine. A combination ob maring, avolian and CMluyial sediments has contibuted to the infitime of the former embayment. The formes clilled coustine Tits a clear topographic expression and adjoining low slopes refleet alluvial han sedimentition at dhe scunp/plain junction, with deolian sand drift} contributing additional celief on the embayment fil (Figs 3, 4). Spectacular seree Slopes oecur along the highest parts of the last interglacial cliffline from Lady Bay to Liltle Gorge. where the chill line coineides with an ancient fault zone, Fluvial slope and acolian sedimenndion have thus somewhit obscured what was formerly a gently sloping plain of coastal progradation, with rocky shore platforms ait its extremities, Two sets of river lerraces flak the tiree pager streams. which How across the infilled embayment, High. paived terraces are underlain by reddish, brown R. P,- BOURMAN. A. P. BELPERIO, C. V. MURRAY-WALLACE Lake Alexandrina & J, WH. CANN - _ ss \ 4 . : \ nt pive ; \ "7 ie) ae \ i Daa 4 “ere \ RS woh : i if i X ~ iy 4 * g 7 \ gawler Rivel ee A 1 {*; - 4 = { ,? & j i l 2 é AUSTRALIA aN 2 C af \ \ Pleasant _ | ea Ta River . ' J 542 | ; AN se ! bag, Simier . 4) \S\- el f cy > os \ / fr c : Mr 7 es | @ | ; eto | ? | sou ed DELAIDE ° | AUSTRALIA A ¢ Bg - & | m6 tt | if a i bolty | ’ > f e e | Hallett 1 - 7 Noarlunga os “ - Cove , er Embayment an® /* \ a “ ADELAIDE aa gt ® 7, on he oe aed / va § ie 1 / 6 Willunga = /® Wy 7 ao S Emba t / TR s yment / [sg fe \ te 5 $ Mt } a / vA SS Magnificent / e 4s B82 / setticks \* Meg Finniss p <,7 a SF Pe Beach je ve, i NS al / e Study a Myponga Pal / \ y “ny / seh fo /fewlanan R aes Cur rency re Cr S | ( % Hind ae SS ai a mene fan oO 2 = (G / ys i 8G a Weymouth ~ ; Will 356 ie ra FleurieU (/ Cape : P |" Jervis 8 ; ie & al Sep. 2 a Wait inga ‘a ~~ Tunkalilla Beck: Beach 0 10 Seale in kilometres Pig. 1. Location of the study area. NORMANVILILE EMBAY MEN | 3 Pi. 2 General view Trou (he north over the Narnia yille Ww Emibuyrient Fill baekine the qnodera coustal cuties marked by a tine ol -vezetition atthe share. The present CHIT Vine in (he distinc wits soos coastal cHth dernig last interelientl (ims, end (he revlet costal Chi ili os weontinuunee OF (his lie, Vip. 4. View to the southwest weriss lhe Normnmaaville Kinbayment Tl trout the relict last inreretaeial cH line TVoponraplie itenularives on the embayment fill have resulted Fron: alluvial lin sedimenkiion vay: fron the Chil Hine and acohan deposition inthe rlehr eentre of the photovraph. - Hive 4+ View seross the Narniunville Eribayiment fll frou Houle if) showinw the reliceenaatal Cl ithe ack eroune fromowhich a alluyial fin estends. coloured secitents (hut are regarded here as the equivalents of the Pooraka Porniation chewhere dated ats hast interglacial (Bourman er af 1997). Sel within 4 valley eroided out of the Pooraka Formation sediments we erey-blick cologred seditnents which fori lower level, paired terraces likely to be of mide Holwene age (Bournan er af. 1997). A distinctive high level alluvial sarlace at the outlet ol Lane Gorge (Fig. 5) to the sey is probably related to a former higher sea level, The extremities of the embayment are characterised by rocky clilfed Shorelines developed on erystuline Arvhacdny rocks (Oo the seath, near Lille Gorge, ang Cambri metascdimentary tacks tothe north near Hayeoek Point. These rocky shores also represent the hinge points of the embayment during the relitively higher sea level of ust interglicral Gimes- Materials and Methods This study Wits instigated by the serendipitots discovery OF a serivs OF investigative prs. ape lo Sit deep (Pig, Ob} excavated ty the Normanville Embsyment Al for a professional goll eaurse und housing development, The locations af these holes ure shown in Figure 5, The vertical walls of the pits provided complete and superlative 3-dimensional exposure Of the subsurface sediment hikyers. which Inchided wirious marine Shell, Gravel apd Sand hiyers heneath aw near-surface culereted horizon. Using ati uluminiuoy extension ladder for access. (he sediment profiles exposed in the excavations were measured, described and sampled for dating and faunal anilyse. The ground surface elevations si the pite were surveyed using an automatic level and related to Austrulian Height Datun) (AD) by levelling tou nearhy survey bench mark. Fossil mollusc shells were collected for species idenlifieaiion. Habitat ussessment and uniing acid tuacenisution imatysis. Ariing acid) racemisution analyses were undertaken on the tinge rewion of well-preserved, disarticulated specimens of A7eetred australis Lamarck. Complete details of the analytiedl procedures followed ane provided by Murray Wulluce (1993), Analyses of the N-pernta- fluoropropiony! DG, Leumino werd 2-propy) esters were undertaken using a Hewlett Pauekard S890 Series Hogas chromatograph with a Mame tanisation deteetor anda 25 m voiled. fused silica capillary column couted with the stitionury phase Chirtsil-L- Valodn this work, the extent of ricenmsation 1s reported for the dmino aciils dlanine (ALA), valine (VAL), leucine (LEU), aspartic acid GASP), 2hininic wid (GLU) ws well us the extent of moleweme enimerisation (ALLO/ISO), Sal sumples from acolan sediments were t R, P, BOURMAN, A, 2, BELPERIO, C. V. MURRAY-WALLACE & JL HO CANN Waycock Pajnt fa Nannnivilla evibiyn end fl Loet tleryiooia cliftline Liditietiest pile TIRE HRS Lale Blerelocsne ounes y; ¥ Ag y ie if Figo. Five m deep inspection pit (Hole #1) excavated into the Norminville Eimbayment fill sediments Note the soil Ned solution pipes Which penetnite o culerete oyimipace collected for thermoluminescence dating using appropriate techniques that prevented exposure vil! the sand to sunlight. Dating was carried out in the Thermolumineseence Laboratory of the University of Wollongong, One sample was collected trom Hole #1 from fine, well-sorted acelin sand overlying cross bedded gravels and sands containing disarticulated valves, t compare tts age will that of the underlying shells, A second sumple was collected from reddish sands that stratigraphieally overlie the shells exposed in the pits and which form dunes that produce much of the current irregular relict across the surface of the Normanyville Embuyment fill materials. The sample was collected from a construction excavation several metres below the ground surface. These sands resemble the Fulhany Sand (Firman 1966) of the Adelaide region. They ave well rounded, well sorted. curry uo patina of iron oxides and form dunes with a simile general distribution and setuing to those of the Fulham Sand, The Fulham Sand is characterised by a low, irregular dune topography and oceurs within a browd zane up to 3 km in width. subparallel to the coustline (Bowman & Sheard 1988), At Normunyille similu subdued dunes ure more restricted topogriphically, are subparallel to (he coustline 1 kin from the shore und ure up to-O.5 knvin width, A sample of the Fulhim Sand from the Adelaide Reyvion was collected fram its Type Drillhole location in aw simak teserve on ‘Telford: Avenue, Findon (Bowman & Sheard 1988) for thermo- luminescence dating and comparison with the lithologicully equivalent material at Nornunville. The Telford Avenue sample was collected by sarid auger trom a depth below the ground surface of 2.8 m where the Fulham Sand extends to a depth of 3.4 m. ‘This wits done to avoid possible surface reworking Of the original deposit, A fourth sample was collected from aeolian material overlying an elevated shore plathormn ind cobble beach facies ol inferred last interglacial age iat Sellicks Beach (May & Bourman 1984). The sand is ioconsolidated but coutiins caleareous rhizomorphy. Bulk samples of the Nonnanyille Embaynient fill sediments Were collected for foruminiferal analysis. in particular 16 document the assemblages of fossil Tapeh |. Lacurais af xples collected from the Neeinvitle Enibayment fill jor foraminiferal analysis. Hole Number Saniple Number Depth interval AHD Elevation below surface fl #1 #| #2 fi ae 2 it #5 HS 3.56. 4.60 4.5-- 4.54 mast 2.0 -2.70 m +546 5.7 masl L800 740 5.70 - 6,3 must 3.4) - 3.50 4,00 5.) ant ust 3.00 m 11.9 musi NORMANVILLE EMBAYMENT 3 foraminifera within the exposed sediments and hence to infer their age(s) and palaeoenvironments of deposition. Sediment samples for foraminiteral analysis Were collected from the excavations al the following locations (Fiz. 5, Tuble 1). All samples were essentially disaggregated and clean und were thus dry sieved without any form of washing or other pretreatment. The grain size fractions 0.50 - 0.25 mra were retained and examined for foraminifera using standard micropalae- ontological procedures (e.g. Cann ef af, 1995), Larger grain size fractions were visually inspected, particularly for the presence of Marginapora vertebralis. Results Stratigraphy The stratigraphy exposed in the excavations 1s illustrated in Figure 7 and is described in greater detail in the Appendix, In Holes #1 and #2 the base of the section iy composed of fine. quartz rich. hioelastic Sand up to an elevation of 4.5 m AHD (Hole #1) and 4.25 im AHD (Hole #2). This is overlain by 13-17 m= (4.3-6.0 m crossbedded gravels and sands containing numerous disurticulated whole shells, dominantly convex AHD) of upward, The cross bedding is both tabular and herringboned (Fig. &), with co-sels of beds averaging from) 5-20 em in thickness. Oceasional aruculated valves provide evidence that they Were deposited below sea level and thal the shell deposits do nol represent a storm er a beach face environment of deposition. This facies association is interpreted as aecumulation from un upward shouling. tidally influenced, shallow murine sea Floor. This overlying untt Comprises 0.5-0.9 m (5.8-6.9 m AHD) of fine aeolian sand containing calcareous rhizomorphs. A sample ol this material was collected at an elevation of 6.2 m ALHID in Hole #1) for thermoluminescence dating. An itregular, calerete hardpan up to 0.5 a thick rests on the sand and solution pits infilled with red sandy soil extend inte und through the calerete into the underlying Fine sand and gravels, in places to depths of 3 m below the surface (Pig. 9 from Hole #5). The reddish-brown terra roysa seul Which infills the solution pipes is overlain by a grey-brown sandy loum. This generalised stratigraphy is also revealed in the other excavations but with increasing elevation in successively landward pits the lowermost units progressively fail to be exposed, The above sequence of strata is also exposed in a luge excavated lake immediately to the north oF Hole #1, Hevte n — = Rhizoliths Calerele Shells Crossbeds in.sand and gravels Fine sanu Water m4 Soil filled solution pipes in calcrete Fig. 7 Strangraphy of Normanville Embayment fill. 6 Rk. PBOURMAN..A. P BRLPERIO, C. Vv. MURRAY-WALLACK & 1 HOCANN Figo. Strong herrijbome cross-beds exyposen iy Hole tl Pndicutine wn enermebe subtidal environment The crass beds are developed ji sand and gravels, with ovetsionul larger pebbles. some of avhich are reworked Tron Permion ghieigente sediments. Note vecitsionml rhivomorphs ane convex upward valves, The width ol Hield is approximately 2 1. PANEL 2. Fatt dotliney die Nerina ile bonbaviinit pill Pin O, Pxpesure ge revealed in Dole #5 shows se kurstitied piulchy calerele wilh dirk vad brown ehav-meh sort parihy infiing the solution pipes. overlain by a wtifern light brown sandy Towne whichis in (ur over bin by an prginie rich A horizon, The inl underlying ihe eilerete is a fine quanta sind with a Tew caleareous chizomorpho At che base of the section there ts strmfied anarvose sand contining scattered forims gid shell [raginents; is ua represents. formerbearh deposit, Depth uf section ts 3 Bivulyes Gasimpods Britehidontes: &rox uy Bret hideiites (AUS ANTES best eelthis Chleivs (Chlaatys bakinteas Chhenys (Eqiichlanes) bilrornys Ghyevmenis (hieeritla) readions Tras creme Acitclv sid sceiliivind Meretrercuastrintes AT viihes edulis plunidatus Neoroypisithe triwenella Pleuroneris subpeeten (9) Sencuinolaria (Psemunorettinds) biraditta Lidlinet (Psendicopagiad wierd Canis (Plordconis) anenioine Divilet betiited Garant freented Hlalionis sp. Ul raeinent) Paliniers ined Yarhe Sabaneta adits Fassil mallise assemblase The embayment fill sileeessign contains 4 relatively diverse assemblage of Lossil, shallow teuine molluscs (Table 2), Species identification follows that of Ludbrook (1984) The moliuses are mostly well-preserved woe some show traces of thei original colour fe. Chlawivy spo). Qecustonil urticuliled bivalves aceur, but they ure pre- dominantly disarticulated, convex tip. dnd show little evidence of arteition, thus indicing transpartation over short distinees under conditions of moderile energy, Muetra custralis dominates the bivalve assemblize, Collectively, the assemblage reflects deposiuion fa iitertidal to shallow subrual setting with wu sandy substiite. Same gastropods, however, stvh as Turhe sp. were evidently derived fram YUpceyLApen Geeun Pocky Comski settings, reflecting ud (hanatvepenose Component of the losstl uss emblige, Aniiner cei racemisatton results AMINO Held Pcennisanian agatyses Undertaker ony Ihe binge reson of well-preserved, disurliculated specimens of M. aitatralix revealed a high dearee of concordance in the extent af racemisation for replicate speeimens Gl Mt easiredis trom the Norinanville Enmbayment fll (Pable 3). ‘The following voelfigients of Varidtion for inter shell siming well D/L patios, for the different amine aelds is Noted? ALA 3.402 VAL AL) ALLOASO 4.2%, ILBul 4.2%: ASP 1.74 and GLU 1.7%, The relitive exten( of yacemisation of the different amino acids in vach omollitse is cousistent with previously cstublished relative rates of ticemisatian a Quaternary omalluses such that ALASASP> ALDOVISOSGLUSLEUSVAL (Mutray-Wallace et di, (O88) und attests te the retabilily of the cata reported here, Sienitieunl differences Crome these Observed relalive exlenis of racenisulion woul NORMANVILLE EMBAY MENT ofherwise point to the possibility of contamination by non-indigenous amine acids, A common age for the moltluses from the Normunville deposit is indieaed by the equivalent extent OF aming acid racemisation in cach of these fossils. Their extent of racemisation far exceeds that lor Holocene materials (Table 3; see also Murray Wallace 1995) anda hist interglacial age is indicated lor the molluses from the Normanville Embayment Hill. by analogy with fossil nialluses: from the reference section of (he list interglacial Glanville Formation at Dry Creek in the Adelaide area (e125 ka: Oxygen Isotope Sub-stuge Se: Cann 1878: Belperio er uf, 1995), Similarly, the fossil molluses from the Normanville Embayment fill show a comparable extent of racemisation to specimens of M. ctistradis froma last mlterghiettl sand flat facies on Llindmarsh Ishind (Pable 3). Today. the Nornianville. Hindmarsh Island and Dry Creek sites we characterised by similar mean unnual temperutures. aid us a corollary are likely to have experienced cquivalem diagenetic temperature histories, The equivalence in anita acid D/L ratios therefore jndicales a common age for the lossil motlises from these three sites. haraminiferal analyses All sumples yielded foraminifera and, in particular, they all contained fragments of Marginapora veriehratiy Blainville supporting a dust tnterglien uge for the marine deposits within the embayment fiat Normale (Glanville bornation equiv itlents). Four samples contain abundant. well preserved and qasily idenufiuble foraminifera, The numerical distribution Of species for these samples is given ti Tible 4+ and the relative ubundinces of those species constituting > 1% of a populiion are shawn in Finure 10. Three of the most common species were Nuhecdaria lucifuga Delrance, — Disearhix dimidiainy (Parker & Jones) and El phieiiin erispum Linne, all of which are known lo be characteristic of the shallow, subtidal coustal environments of modern Gull Se Vineent (Cann & Costin b98S: Cann ev ul JY8K, 1993). However there are differences between the assemblages. some nutrked and others miure subtle, the Significance of which will be discussed later. In sumiple #3. parucle size fractions > 0.25 nin consisted predominantly of quart grains couted wholly or in part by carbonate. Quartz grains 1.00 - 0.50 mm are polished and show a high degree of rounding and sphericity, This is consistent with aeolian reworking. sorting und — polishing. Foraminifera are relatively rare aod have undergone extensive carbonate diagenesis, rendenng bests distinguishable only on the basis of gross shape, wef amint acid racemisation undepimerisetion (loll wet lrydralysete) in fossil motives from the Normenville Embavmens fill und other Lane Querernary Tante 3 & deposits iy Saul Ausmeatia. ACID D/L AMINO CMLAT Lib Code (PC) Depth of burial (m) Species Locality or GLU ALA VAL ALLOMSO LEU ASP referenve 5 3 0.33+40.002 0.33400 0,344+0,01 OF 0-40.00. (1220.00: 4 2 0 H+ 0.0) | 5 V4.0) 0.0040, a (6140.01 (1940.0) QSN+ 0) (), + 5 T+0.00) S+0.0 ,.26+0.004 (280,001 02 03 0 in} (3840.02 (3940.01 Fi we bag ners Odeo 5 4 +( 0.6640.00) 0.13400 = A a ~45K 62 .” j 3 wid luc a va re , < U = = ef etl. ( (988) - ss = > UWG UWG, co rmrin Se rice ag 4 — | Pas =u eos te cram Ave = 3 < P = = = = ~ Peecas 3 ESSE = TPEES 24 eEses = 2 a ge5 = ond Ear = yore == SSS=e Ss i ap = ‘SSS es25 = = c+ se 22 at By FEE ness oss Ne oe 4A. [moar 28K 1) (SUA- 8 Rk. P. BOURMAN, A. P. BELPERIO, C, V. MURRAY-WALLACE & J. 1 CANN Tas.e 4, Numerical distribution of species of foraminifera constiuting > 1% of picked and counted saviples, sediment wreilnt size O.S0-0.25 siti, Hole #1 Hole #1 Hole #2 Hole #5 er Sample #1 Sample #2 Sumple #4 Sample #5 Species ., of. Depth in hole Depth in hole Depth in hole Depth in hole foraminifera 3.56-4,60m 2.60-2, 70m — 3.00-3.50m 2.75-3,.70m No. % No. % No. % No. % Cribrobulimina miixt a (1.9 4 Ls 5 1.6 Nubecularia heifinge 37 11.7 75 28.3000 (84 27,0 2 0.8 Quingueloculine lamarckiana 6 1.9 6 2,3 16 5.1] 7 2.7 OW mevnensis 8 25 4 134 Q, pitternsis 5 19 Trilaculina tricarinate + T. trigonsla 28 B.S 13 49 13 4.2 Seutuloriy parri 6 19 I 0.4 Peneroplis planatis 2 0.6 1 O04 3 1.6 Marginepora vertebralts 2 0.0 4 1,5 2 0.6 4 1.5 Discayhis dimidiatus 7 30.6 141 53.2 47 ARG 1IS0) 56.8 Rosalina australis 4 1.6 ] O04 2. 0.6 65 24.6 Epistomaroides polystomeltoides 4 15 2 0.6 Elphicdium créispum 113 35.6 11 42 23 74 i 42 Ly mavelliforme 3 0. 4 15 2 0.6 13 49 Other-species 7 2.2 6 1.9 7 27 N=317 N= 265 N=311 N= 204 TABLE 5. Thermoluarine scence dates. Laboratory No. Specimen name Location TL itwe Isotope Stage Sea level dO position W2356 Normanville | Hole #1 50.4 + 4.3 ka 3.13 ~-40m! Depth 1.8 m (4) Caleareous coastal acolian sand W2357 Normanville 2 Reddish dune, ShOtetka 40 ~- 40m! tL km NW of (4) Hole #1, Depth 2.5 m Calcareous at depth W235 Fulham Sand 1 Telford Ave. 74.9 + 6.9 ka 5.0 - $0 m! Type Drillhole Findon (Sa) = t4an! Location W2317 Sellicks Beach | Above cobble 34.042.9 ka 3.1 22 to - 30m beach on shore (31 platform 4-6 m as}, Caleareous Source: 80 Isotopic events unbracketed assigned using the scheme of Martinson er al. (1987) 6°O Tsotopic events in brackets assigned using the scheme of Aharon & Chappell (1986) ' Sea levels trom Aharon & Chappell (1986) > Sea level trom Murray-Wallace et af (L988) Sea level from Hails ef al. (1984) When Wet, some revealed other features that = Therniolummescence (TL) dating allowed identification, such as 2. crispum, which The Thermoluminescence Laboratory at the showed the characteristic pattern of numerous narrow chambers with raised retral processes bridging the depressed sutures, Other species identified inchided DY. dimidiatus and M. vertebralis. Te was not possible to determine a meaningful numerical distribution of species for this sample, particularly for the particle size fraction 0.50 - 0.25 mim. University of Wollongong reported that the samples exhibited good TL characteristics with lengthy lemperalure plateau compansons and regenerated TL growth curve rsquare correlation coefficients approximating unity. These characteristics, together with the small age uncertainty levels associated with these determinations, further validate — the depositional aves reported here (Table 5). NORMANVILLE EMBAYMENT oo] he +0 Wh Ww) " ih mn = Bt 20 W nN ree HE) oo 10 m 1 " pw a di WW WW “ es _ em a tom s co © © © © FE YY 8 2 ® FE Bb 4 g 2 9 YE & 2 eS eee see ese ses ss ett seesegsggsg eB oe 3 = 2 e 2 = Se eS fS2= ss eeseaugRezeEd Be —€ © &€ &€ © § S # FF BD we § E {Z sg Sas 8S 5, € BS Bw BE BZERBEE seaeaxvetesae 8S SBR RS_ES Ss §s a5 seg as 3 es 38 25 £688 “34s oF. 3 $378 S & ~] == se 3s = a “4 Se 3 E 6 9° = 8 iiss B Q uy Fig. 10. Bar graph comparing percentage distributions of species of foraminifera from sediment samples; data from Table 4. A. Hole #1, sample #2, depth in hole 2.60- 2.70 m. N=265. B. Hole #1, sample #1, depth in hole 3,56-4 .60 m. N=317. C. Hole #2, sample #4, depth in hole 3.00-3.50 m. N=311. D. Hole #5. sample #3. depth in hole 2.75-3.70 m. N=264. 1! Li, Quanyu, McGowran, B.. Bonr, Y. & JAMES, N. P. (1997) Recent foraminifera along the southern Australian margin: palaeooceanographic significance. Third Australian Marine Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Adelaide. Abstracts, 38-39. Geoscience Conference, Discussion Foraminiferal analysis Foraminiferal analysis has confirmed — the sedimentological interpretation of a shallow marine, shoaling upward succession. It further supports the last interglacial age assignment. Fossil foraminifera within the last interglacial Glanville Formation are generally similar to those presently living within the marine environments of the South Australian gulfs, Gulf St Vincent and Spencer Gulf. However, there are distinctive elements, such as M. vertebralis, which signify that the waters were somewhat warmer than those of today (Cann 1978). It is now recog- nised that the occurrence of these organisms in the last interglacial sediments of southern Australia can be attributed to a particularly active phase of the Leeuwin current. At times of global warming this narrow current of warm tropical water flows south along the western coast of Australia before turning to the east across the Great Australian Bight (Cann & Clarke 1993; McGowran ef al, 1997). Among the distinctive fossil foraminifera of the Glanville Formation, the most frequently recorded species has been the megascopic M. vertebralis although Li et al. (1997)! have referred equivalent modern specimens at Esperance, Western Australia, to the genus Amphisorus. Nubicularia lucifuga is the most common species of foraminifera in the shallow subtidal Posidonia seagrass meadows of the modern South Australian gulfs. In the sediments exposed in Hole #1, this species increases up-sequence, from 12-28%, which suggests water shallowing, probably due to sediment aggradation and ongoing development of a seagrass environment. In the lower Sample #1 E. crispum is at its maximum occurrence, signifying a shallow subtidal setting of normal marine salinity but higher in the sequence this species represents < 5% of the assemblage and there is substantial development of D. dimidiatus. This reversal in relative abundance 1s a clear signal of water shallowing (Cann ef al. 1988). Thus the sequence of sediments exposed in Hole #1 between 3.5 m and 5.5 m AHD can most easily be interpreted as one of sediment aggradation in a seagrass environment during the last interglacial sea level maximum. The foraminiferal assemblage of Sample #4 from Hole #2 (4.6-5.1 m AHD) is remarkably similar to, and may be correlated with, that of Sample #2 of the adjacent Hole #1 (4.5-5.7 m AHD). Thus, essentially the same shallow. subtidal seagrass palaeo- environment of deposition is signified for this inter- val of sediment. There are several quite marked features of the foraminiferal assemblage within sample #5, which contrast with those derived from the other samples. Wn ROP. BOURMAS. A, PB BELPERIOOC, Vo MURR AY-WALLACT & 1, bh CANN Sample #5 was derived from an inferred littoral facies a ie Highest cleyation (11.9 1) AWD) awd (he ingst hindward site (Table 1), Most obviously, lueifuge comprises < 1% of the Sample #5 assemblage und this may be interpreted to indicate Wie absence of ay adjacent subtidal Poyplonce scaupass meaduvwy. Despite the fact thal the very high numbers at Do idneidivis (S79) ongibated ina shallow subticil settmg, Resaliia cniraliy (Paty) (25%e) and Blphidiuar mtacediforme MeCulloch (5% | together provide convineing evidence thal much of Hie assemblage was derived trom stighily deeper. invier shell envirouments Some distance from the coast, More subtle suipporting evidence is the presence. albert < 1%. ol shell dwelling species such as Bolivimelta folitine (Parker & Jones) and Crhiohles refilgens de Montfort. Thus rhe sandy huorl sediment exposed diy hole #5, with its distinctive assemblige of raner shell Toraminiters was, ab leust partly, derived from offshore environments vod trasported shorewiuruls al the culmination ob the bast inerelwial marine transgression. ‘This package of scolunent. reveled in the most elevated aiid fand- ward of the exouvibons, nepresents (he shorewant Hit ol the last paterlucial sea level event. Thenmolininescetve dating, deolioe erin cand wolerelisetion The TL dotes derived from aeolian sediments resus disconlurmably above last mtershaerl lucies afe Considerably younger than the last interglacral laces at Normianville and Selheks Beach. They suggest that there has been ongoing acoliun redistribuuion GF former ceastal and) other sand bodies Wong the eastern shoreline of Gulf St Vinceuk dul fines wher sea level wis lower thin al present, with conliniual re-selting of the Th clock. AL Iheee Sites and Th dites imply an apparent youthfulness of the Gilerete carapace formed on the miirinefieohiin sequenees. Provided thatthe Th age i Hole #1 ots Gorreek these date provide a suratigraplie framework for the development of a culeyeled surface and wiply (har caleretisation did nol necessarily cominence immediately uport cessanion of marine sedimentation. ‘There has been Considenible conjecture about the dye Gl the Palhium Sand. Bowntn & Sheard (198s) nokel that ih is nat fossiliferaus but that i stratipmphically averlics both the last interglacial Ghainy ile Formation and the Pooraka Pormmtion and is overlain by the Heloeene St Kilda Pormation, They regarded the age of the Pooraka Formation lo he 35-20 ka BR They coneluded that the relative absence of organic and calcareous detritus ins the Pulham Sand. i comparison wath the St Kilda Pornition, ani ie degree of so development in Wodisttirbed Pulbany Saucl individ a pre-Holocene lige, Twas equated with aeolian landscape istalilivy duping the dust elactal wt seme 20-76 ka, althouel reworking through fu the present was documented Although based on dimmed data. the results presented here sugges} that the Firlhiim Sand js conpalecably older (han previously suggested, witht potential ages ranging Tron 75-50 ka BPO This iNlerprekion is Hot Meompiutible with the Fulhan Sund being younger than the Poorake Formation is tt has been demonstrated, i some localities al least, thal the Poorka Pormation is the terrestrial equivalent of the lastinterghaeial (125 ka BP marine Glanville Vormation (Bonrmiun ef al 1987). Consequently the Pooruka Forination ts likely to be considerably older than the 35-20 ka wge discusserl itbove We suspect ongoing #eoliin redistribution al sands exposed ar the former sab-littoral zone based on the fac (hal the fortims sugeest a list inferehacuid age, bot TL produced an uge of SO ka Aeolian reworking tven of coustul calearenites proceeded lumely umijpeded us evidenced by the Th dates at Normale, Sellicks Beael) and atthe Pulham San Type Drillhole location. Neetech ates There ts a long history of feetonisin afteeting Fleurieu Peninsulit and there appears (o have beer variable movement wlone the faull zones of tte region. Por example. the Chirendon-Oehre Cove (dultline uppears to have been locked throughout the Qualersury (Ward 1966) whereds there has been considerable movement along the Willunga Paull Zone ducing the Pleistocene. us demonsriited by the disloeutiin OF Middle Pleistocene hes (May & Bourman L984), Recurrent teclonism dung the Ciinovoie ys iTlustritect by the tectonic dislocation of limestones of Nuneus ages, For caumple. Lary Mioeene Tinestone of te Por Willunga borane ii thy Adchude aren oveurs wt up to 200m below sea level (Daily eral L976). crops oul atsea level at Sellicks Beach bur 12 kin away, aeross the Willinga Pauly fone near Myponga. it peaches alfttudes of up to 24f m dadicaling a Minton sanennt oF differential movement since this time (May & Bourman Ts4, Furthermore, the earliest Pleistoeene Burnin Limestone. estimated by Pillans & Boorman (1990) to he apprakundilely 1.7 Ma old, and ts equivalents vary in clevation dlapg the shoreline oF Gull St Vincent between the extremes of - 82 m7 in the Port Adelaide ares to SO mast al Cape Jervis (Firman N76: Pudbrook 183: May a Bourmin 108d Belperio }995). Ludhrook (1983) considered thal the present distribution of the Bornham Limestone and Vs equivalents resulted from gende warping and alse hy fiulling ds ad result of Pleistocene reactivation ol NORMAN VILE EMBAYMENT ' Early Maliwovon tectonism. d view whieh we share, The clevations of the Burnhant Limestone, with adititional exposures Occurring al Mairibe Chicrman [9761 (17 np asl) near Hallett Cove (40 i ast) (Ladbrook 1983), Maslins, near the Cortuehithe Trig (29 my asl) (Twidale erat 1967; May & Bourntian 1984). Port Willunga (Pipman 1976) (15 qv asl) and wt Sellicks Beach (4¥ mast) (May & Bourman 1984), support te view of gene teetome olting or warping of the landscape. Wowever, locally. such as across lhe Pden Fault Zone al Marino and veross the Willunga Pauh Zone at Sellicks Beach, there his heen swunticant teetonie olfserting of the Burnham Lihestone, whichos particularly marked since ib ts i typically thin unit frome 13 bv thiek. A consideration of the vertical distribution Ob Last interghiciwl shoreline sediments ((25 kay further Uusteutes Ue oporm mature ol the Tevtonism affecting Flewien Peninsula, Ip oa review of Austiilin occurrences of Last interglacial (Oxygen Isotope Sub-stave Se) coustal deposits. Murray- Wallace & Belpeno (L998) noted drat the most consistaie shoreline chili for deposits Of this age ts Irom the Westen) coast of byre Peniasila. Here, intertidal Tactes of the last intergluctal shoreline oeeur at 2 AHD over o distance of S00 km. The vonsimntieney of this shoreline datum his been allruled to te pehiive tectonic stability of the Gawler Craton. Elsewhere, variation in (he abiticde of lust interglacial shoreline deposits has been noted und. in the case of the Coorong toa the Maont Gambier Coastal Plain in the southeast of Saath Austaha, variations in elevation have been (lributed to neotectonie uplil associated with intra- plate yvoleamisin (Muri Wullaee et ad (996), Keon Salt Creek to near Mount Ciymbier the back harrier hiagoon facies a rebable palaco sea-level indicator) ol the dust inlerstacial Woakwine Runge has been Noted to rise pragressively from 3-18 om AHD (Muirrav-Wallace et ah 1996) A probable last imerlieal storeligg (May & Bourmin 198d) occurs ab Sellieks Beach, on tte upthrown side of the fault block, where an eleyaied shore plaiform al approximately 4-5 m ABD has been eroded across steeply tilled Tertiary limestone heds und on which rests a boulder beach containing Shell fragments and ceasional intact but abraded Molluscs, Dissection of this formerly more extensive Ingh level shote phittorn has produced a series of small sea slicks standing above the modern share platlorm, Cilearenos dune sunds, several metres thiek vind essentially unconsolidated. but contaminy thizomonphs, overlie the boulder heach. "This former shurelin’ can be (raved for several hundred metres in a sontherly dircetion and docs nol appear to hive been tiled. Trmediately to the north of ihe Willunga hilt Zope, on the downtown bloek, there is ne evidence of this formershoreling feature. supzestinp Crasional removal and/or iectome depression. The shells wathin the boulder heach returned a madiocarbon ave exceedime a0 ka (May & Bournad 1984) while the overlying dune sand was. dated ul 34.0429 ka by thermoluminescence techniques (Table 5), Here we interpret the elevated shore platform and boulder beach ws Jast mlerglactl features, with the dune sind having been deposited or reworked during a Jower fnterstadial sca devel (OXyaen isotope stave 4) When sea level may have been same 22 lo 30 m lower thin al presen} (Murray falluce et uf. (993) At Vietor Llarber on the southeastern side ol Fleurieu Peninsula) there is extensive Beomorph- Olpgical and secimentolowieal evidence of the last interacial shoreline. extending up to + 6 m ATID (Bourman et al. WY89, 1997). However, along the coast betWeen Sellicks Beach and Vitter Harbor there ure ny repeded ovenrrences pf the list interglacial shoreline despite there beings many ocvisions where high level alluvial sediments uppeu to grade to a Storeline considerably iether than. ut present, The distovery of the list intergbacral shoreline at Normanville as ceporied in this paper helps to redress this von and provides significant dita relevant fo the deetome testory ol bleadea Poristelia. In the Nonmitaville iembayonent ith last inter glacial sediments have been identified at elevations Ob updo S.A m ALD nearest the coast to | 2m AD woihe furthest inland ste, The oceurrenve of the littoral feather Cdee of the anseressive facies within the Normanville Eimbayment fill to f2 im ATID miplies [0 ny of aplitt smwe the Last Tntenghiciul relative (o shoreline clevalions in teelonivally stable regions. Linfortunitely palied seu-level yndicgnrs within this trinspressive piachape have pot beer identified with any great precision. The motluse assemblage only purtly assists as seme of them miaty potenthally oeoup at a range of depths eg. shallow sub-fdal. Derringbone suml and gravel cross beds. containing convex upward valves. suggest cchitively strom2 reversing currents in a Aub Titloral environment and hence provide ooly a minim former sew level position. Although no artculnted bivalves were recovercd fram the inspeehon pits. oecasional pairs occured im the large water hale exposure Close lo Hole #L. This sugevests at the shells. haye only beem transported gyer short distanees from ther original ta sdf postions, The tectonic dislocation of the Lute Pletstocene lust tnterghicial Glanville Formation uppears pe mimic the earlier teckomic history of Gull St Vincent and Pleunieu Peninsula. revealed hy (he distoeation of older marine units, sigmfying uplift of Tleuricu Peninsula apd depression of the Adelaide area sind RP BOURMAN, A, P BELPERIO. C, Vo MURRAY-WALLACE & J, H. CANN 18 Bas , ® MURRAY 14 LARES = H GAWLER CENTRAL MTLOFTY /\\ SOUTH-EAST 4 45 GRATON GULFS RANGES | \ COASTAL PLAIN = he —! 7 PA 10 i g iY / ra Ps g A _- B6 ye i - o 4 — = : 2 2 —?—_e+—_#, —« ; 32 . o Pee se ZERSLRTSCSESNE | 2 Ses oma ns moms stesaz a = 2 - = eer, SF S528 ROSE Fa u “9 A zee Ez SLeE° 8s24a0 gr = » Uh = = Ta 42 oe S ao 2 = = “i s woo = = Eg = oe x 2 a 2 Vie. VL. Altitude of all the last interghicial intertidal ficies in South Australia, modified trom Murray-Wallice (1999), the Willunga Embayment, In the area north and west of Adelaide eity, the upper surface of the Glanville Formation extends ta depths of |) om below low water datum at Outer Harbor, with its known lundwatrd Timi) reaching low water at St Baldi and + 0.4 mat Dey Creek (Ludbrook 1976: Belperio [985), indicating gradual submergence of the fast interglacial facies tn this urea, The altitudes of known last interglieii shoreline facies in South Australia, modified from Murray Walhice (1995), are illustrated in Figure Jt. The clevalions sugyest post-last interglacial tectonisin resulting in tilting of the shoreline, with differential uplillalony the Fleurieu Peninsula. with a masinun inthe Normanville area, adjacent to the Litthe Gorge Mault and submergence in the Adelaide and Murray Lakes areas. Ongoing uplift of the Mount Lofty Raiges throughout the Cainozoie has been Jdemonstrited by many workers, Bourman & Lindsay (1989) reported reverse Taulling on the caustern ste of ihe Mount Lofly Ranges, which supports the view of com-pressive forces being involved in the ongoing deformation of the ranges is suggested by Wellman & Greenbalah (M988), In addition to the demon- strated Compressive forces Operating, ongoing uplift OU alsa be related to erosional oloading and associated isostutic compensabon of the Adelaide Voldbell, Conclusions The identification of the elevated shell beds and coastal sediments of last interglacial age in the embayment fil) sediments at Norinanville allows quantification of the neolectonism affecting Pleuricu Peninsula, Convincing correlation by aming acid racomisation of the last interglacial Dry Creek Glanville Formation with the shells at Normanville and those on Hindmarsh Island is supplemented by thermoluminescence und foraminiferal analysis. Comparisons of elevations of the Glanville Form- ation reveal the differential uplif) of Fleurieu Peninsula and depression of the Adelaide area ani the Murray Basin of ap to [Om over the past [25 ka. The tectonic dislocation of the Just interglacial shoreline demonstrates the ongomg teetonists of the rea as evidenced by the dislocation ot older marine units of Miocene and earliest Pleistocene ages. Species of foraminifera, consistent with a lust iNlerplactal uve. reveal wo shallow sub-odal environment of deposition, in’ waters thal were warmer than at present, The molluses who reflect intertidal to subtidal settings with a sandy sibstrare and protection from a rocky coastline, Some of the forums and the oceurrence of species of gasuopods such us Tirha sp, in the assemblage suggest ItlerMixiE from other settings including rocky shorelines on the extremities of the embayment, Overlying, but genetically related aeolian sands indivate ongoing acolion vetivity to at least SO ka Thermoluminescence dating of the Fulham Sanu for the lirst lime provides a numerical age of 74.9 4 6.0 ka, Which is much older than previous estimates, but {he earlier interpretations were restricted by the deceptunee of too young ai age for the Pooraka Formation. The formation of avoliaa deposits occurred during inferstidial und glacial low sea levels, by the reworking of former coastal sane bodies and sediments on the exposed sea Moor Luminescence dating has demonstrated the NORMANS VILLE EMBAYMEN iA formuion of dissolution features ih the past SO ka. Oa Fleurieu Peninsula, calerete fornmiilion appears to have been rehinded tits development compared to other sites wound the state. This allowed fhe reactivation of counlil scdiments ding a sequenee of genetically relited, bot Significantly younger aeolian sand spreads to develop before caleretisation stabilised the Sequences. ealerete and the development of Acknowledgments The Unversity of South Australia is acknowledged for funding investigations Of the last inters lier shoreline, Murry Wallace acknowledges funding trom othe Quaternary Environmental Chane Research Centre at the University oF Wollongong: We appreciate the constructive eomments ob the relerces, V. 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Victor Harbor. South Australia Any Geour done 89 25-45. ~ Maternarins. 2. PReseari JR. & Beilin, WN ROT897) The dee of rhe Pooraka Derriathon and its Typhoons, wally sore prebeimiry results fran linineswence diving, Hats RK See Se Aner G2b, 83 04 Bowsin. G. Mod Si ann. Mo. (loss) Rede finitton of the fiiiain Sand. Adelide Phils Sub-basin. South Austiila. Onl, Geel, Notes, Geel, Sane, Mask WG, PTS, Cann d W878) An espoused relerenoe seetion for the Chanyille Formation, dive. 65. 2-4. Brireria. A. PL Gostin, Vo. de Mb itary - Wall dero GV. CHYXs) Sea level History iiterred: (ein benthie lordmrifers, Gill St Vineeat South Austiatia. Cigit, Rey. 2%) VSA-1 73, — & Rie RK. L. (1945) Contemporiry benthic lorunnitera m Gull’ Sr Vincent, South Adstadlio ado rehnest baie Pleistocene sea level Hrestorys newt de Bat Sed 40, 197211 & CuARKO DA (1999) Maurcdnpare vereirelis (Poruminitera) te surficial sediments at Lsperinee. Weateri Australia. aid in tie Lote Picistocene Ghiniville Porm hon je oorthern Spencer Col) South Austeytian Miu; Creel, I, UAE ST, & Gosiis, MAL (1985) Coastal sedimentary Hes and Tominninitera) bioteies of the Sr Kilda Pormatain git Port Ciaiwler Seuth Australie Cran A Noe 8S, Nase W981 77-42. Dai. BOTikMat LB. Ronwes, Bo. & Lispsay. 1M, (1970) Geology pp. 52h we Pwidule. CRO Tyler Mad & Webb. BoP. ihats) “Natal Uistory ol the Adeliide Resin (Royal Sectety of Sou Austiatio, Adelie, Ulearys. J RO O1966) Steiticraphie units oF Late Connie awe in dhe St Vineent Basin, South Austrailia. Quart, Geel. Notws. Geol. Sirs S. Aust 17, 6-9, (1976) Lunestone atthe base or ihe Pleisuivene sequehee in South Australi, dbnl 38. 2-5, Hails. ER, Bewphklon A. BL Gidsttinw VAL kw SaARnEE, G Or (198-4) The submarine Quilermary statigraphy of northern Speneer Cully Sourh Australi, Wen Geol Ot, 345-372. Lupnnouk. NOH. F970) The Ghinville Formation at Port Adelaide, South Austealia. Gath (heal Narea, Geol. Suey S Aysh ST, 4-7 (19837) Molluscan faunas of the Early Meistovene Point Ellen Formation ane) Burin Limestone. Soutl Austrulia. Tr. Ro Sie 8. Adve 107 47-49, (1984) Quaternary dnolluses of South Australi ~ Thindbook No, Y (Department of Vines and Perey, South Australi MeGowkam. By Lip Qeanyi, Cass d. Th Vapriy. Dy Mekorny. DOM & Sharhe, S. (1097) Broncumeaphie mmpaet Of the Leeuwin Corrent in southern Australi since Mie late middle Eocene. Aildvecwene. Palea line Palaeoecal V6, (dO Mav KM, & Bourn, ROPE L984) Const hindstumping in Pleistocene seclinentis qa Selheks Beaeh. Seah Austtulia. Jeans, Ro Sees. Ato IMR BS OL MARTINSON. IG, Msias, N. On. scat J. Ive, be Moorp. 1 Cla SHACK TOS. NJ (LOST) Awe dotiny dnd the orbiial (heary al the ie ages: development of a hah resetution th ~ FOU.000) year chranostrare raphy Quel, Res, 27_ 1-29, Minrav-Warrach. C. Vo (198s) A review at the Hppleation OF Ure seo Qc TyCeniisation reneGon bo archaeological diting. Te Arter 16, 1-2, 11995) Animosiutvraphy of Quaternary cogstul sequenees in southern Austen An overview. Quer Hiteriidl. 20. 09-86, BERRI AN shoreline in Australia 4s |. PGIY9T) Pie last Tibemdac ial Areview, Quah Sei Rey 1 44 0- _ » Goss, Viv XC aANM I PEC 190dF Amine acid racenistion and eadicurbon wating 1] Intershidial Marine Atpits (OAYLeN Isatope stage 34, Gull Sr Vinwent, Sourliv\ustiitia Wea Ciel, Tb 83-92, Ad ~ Cased. iW. dbaey. Do wk Parscort. JR (L9N6) Late Uiniternury Uplifh Wistar Maniot Gumbier cesion. Sonth Austen “ Create 106, 41 50. & Boorman, Re BOY) Direet radiocurbor Galibaition for time ateid racemiactun yiligg. Mien af Eveth Sel 37, 465-307, Rive. Re We. Beri. ALP A Cros. VY A (ORR) Anrinostratianiphy of the bast Merghicil i Southern Austria Searel (9 33-46 Tinians, Bo od Bewewan Ro oP 1f9%m) The Brinhes/Matuyuria polarity tahsifian (7S kal is a chronstritivraphig murker in Australian canotitly stidies. Anyi, Geel, Stay Oru do Aue. Geol ik Cleeylivx, V6, Is - 294, Id Rk, P BOURMAN, A, PB. BELPERIO, C. V. MURRAY-WALLACE & J. 1. CANN MwibaLh, CR. DAILY, BL & FIRMAN, J) Bo 11967) Bustitic and climatic history of the Adeliide area, South Australie A discussion. 2 Geol 73, 247-242, Wann, W. T. (1966) Geology, geomorphology and soils of the southewestern part of County Adelaide, South Australia, CSIRO Soils Publication No 23, WELLMAN, Pod GESTALT CHL S.A. (1988) Plinders/Moutit Lolly Ranges. South Australia: their uplift, erosion and relationship to evustal structures Tray. AL Sie, 4. Aiesd 112, 11-10. Appendix Detaled strativiaphy of Nornunvitle Enbayient fil exposed in excuyutions (Holes #15), Elevations in bola refer 10 Australian Height datum (AHBD) and those above refer lo distunces below the ground surhiee. HOLE | ELEVATION $088 M AHD Surface to 1.0m 8.1-7.t m Dark brown soil over variably dey- eloped reliet terra rasse soil In places infills sinkholes or claypots to greater depth, LO-L8 om 7.1-6.3 m Chulky hardpan calerete of variable MWickness. lregular upper surface with soil filled sinkholes extending lo depths. oan, i824 0 63-57 0 Dune calearenite with soll pedogenic overprint including numerous rhizo- inorphs. PL sample of dune calcarenite und Supiple 4 for foruminiferal analysis collected from -1.8 m. Includes the single layer of better stratified sand with rare pebbles that amity represent a storm event. 24-4,56 3.7-4.54 m Strautied gravelly sand with tabular cross beds. Represents shallow sub-tidal ty shoreline facies, Energetic tidal environment indicated by herringbone cross beds, Prominent, lire conyex- upward shells in middle of unit (Sample 2). Sample taken from -2.0 1 2.7 1, Grayels <5 to 1.0 em diameter, Same quirtz pebbles cobble sized, p to + em. Gravelly sand 24 lo Ad om. Sand is unconsolidated = rans readily. 5% large shells and fragments. Gravelly unit from 24h inte 3.4 nis un iifertidal shoreline deposit, Lure Permian boulders in grayel layer. Sharp top to gravelly. cross-bedded sand, AS6+4.0 454-35 m Weukly stratified fine biochistie sand (Sample |). Probably a sub-tidal marine sand. Water level in hotlom of hole at 40m. HOLE 2 ELEVATION &.094M AHD Description Surface to 8m 8.1-7.3 1m {)K-1.2 ny 73-69 1 ) 22.7 m1 0.9.5.9 m Red- brown soil. Calerete hardpan Small shells. raré stones, [ine sand probably dune material. 72-3. §,9-4.2 m Gravelly and shelly unit with tabuliee cross-beds and bi-diteetonal herring bone pattern, Whole shells convex up Grivels and pebbly layer clearly water laid, Most shell samples collected Ton Aim to 3.5m below wround surface (4.6 to 5.1 m AHD) (Sample 4). 3.9 - 4.61 4.2-3.5m Fine bioclastic sund, weakly stratified, subtidal anit. HOLE 3 ELEVATION 8.948 M ATID Deseription Surface lo 10m 8.95 - 7.95 m 10. 22m 7.95 - 6.75 m Sandy loam on top infilling pipes, Cwlereted aeolian culeareous sand. Fine cileareous bioelastic sand. Variable basal surface 10-07 i, 22-37m 6.75 - 5.25 m Cross-bedded gravelly and shelly sand includes coarse vravelly unit Wath shelly (same Shells us inother holes) Sharp top to sravels. Stratified, waler bore sediments, HOLE 4 ELEVATION 10.728 M AHD Surface to.0.3 m 10.73 - 143m Red sand Jerre ross with deprwled shell lragments within il, Grey-brown soil ut top, Calerete is harder here than ul other sites. G3 -21)m 10.43-8.73 m — Bioclastic. fine sand with thizomerphs und reworked calerete. Grades ap tite irregular culereted surfice up to 0.3 mn und down to 10m, 24h. ATM 8.73 - 7.03 m Well stratified gravelly sand with a few shells. Rhizomorphs extend into this unit: Pronounced top Wo ibat depth of 2.0 m. Shells same as ul oather localitics- possible estuarine influenve- evidence ol strong Currents with course gravel moving in both directions, Possibly broad. shallow tidal channel between ocean and estuary. HOLE 5 ELEVATION 14.870 M AHD Surface to 1.0m 14.87-13.87 m Red-brown clay-tich lower unit in places fills in solution hollows. Uniforiny light brown quartzase sandy Lown i tap metre, 1.0-1.8 m 13.87 m-13.07 m= Poorly developed hardpan. 1.8-2.75 m 13.07-12.12 m 2.75-3.7 m 12.12-11.17 m NORMANVILLE EMBAY MENT Appendix cont. Fine quartz sand with a few rhizo- morphs. Increasingly patchy carbonate, probably due to low carbonate content of sediment. Well stratified, very quartzose sand with very low angle stratification. Contains scattered forams and shell fragments. Perhaps 5% forams and bioclastic frag- ments. Water deposited but not as gravelly as closer to the coast, which would have been in deeper water. Shell fragments up to | cm in long axis. Shells derived from hole have been excavated and dumped up on top. Represents sandy beach environment. Sample collected from 3.0 m (11.9 m AHD) with lots of forams (Sample 5). Clearly a sandy littoral unit. May extend down into a gravelly unit below as there are excavated shells at the surface. NEW SPECIES OF CLOACINA LINSTOW, 1898, (NEMATODA: STRONG YLOIDEA) PARASITIC IN THE STOMACH OF THE QUOKKA, SETONIX BRACHYURUS (MARSUPIALIA: MACROPODIDAE), FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA By I. BEVERIDGE* Summary Beveridge, I. (1999) New species of Cloacina Linstow, 1898 (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) parasitic in the stomach of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), from Western Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(1), 17-30, 31 May, 1999. Six new species of Cloacina Linstow, 1898 are described from the stomach of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus, from Rottnest Island, Western Australia. They are: C. ceres sp. nov., characterised by lip-like inflations of the peri-oral cuticle, oesophageal bosses extending two thirds of the way to the nerve ring, the deirid posterior to the nerve ring, absence of oesophageal denticles, a symmetrical buccal capsule, a simple straight vagina and spicules 1,56-1.97 mm in length: C. laius sp. nov., characterised by a dorsoventrally elongated buccal capsule, six leaf crown elements, a shallow buccal capsule which is arched anteriorly in lateral views, oesophageal bosses extending to the nerve ring, a single dorsal oesophageal denticle, spicules 1.50-1.97 mm in length and a recurrent vagina. Key Words: Cloacina, new species, nematodes, Setonix, quokka, marsupials, parasites. Tensaeitons ul the Reval Serer ef S. Must (1999), A230), 17 AO, NEW SPECIES OF CLOACINA LINSTOW, 1898 (NEMATODA: STRONGYLOIDEA) PARASITIC IN THE STOMACH OF THE QUOKKA, SETONIX BRACHYURUS (MARSUPIALIA : MACROPODIDAE), FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA by L. BEVERTDCiE Summary Bevenipoe 1 (1999) New Species of Cloaoiie Lastow, (898 (Nematoda | Strongyloidea) parasitic tn the siumuch oh the quokhiae Serie brachyerws (Marsupialia > Macropodidae), from Western Australian, Trans. R, See S Aust 2A V7 ST Maye F999, Six Hew species of Claeiy Linstuw. S98 are deserihed from the stomueh of the quokha Semen brachii, fro Rotinest ts., Western Australia. They ure © cores sp. nov. churicterised hy lip-like infhitions ob the per onl cuticle, oesophaweal bosses extending (wo thirds of the way tothe nerve ting, the deiid posterior to the nerye ring. absence of ovsaphugeal denticles a syminetrieal bucew! capsule, a simple stamgh) vagina ind spiedles LOG LY7 mim an lengthy Cy daa sp. now. characterised by a dorsoyentrally elongated byceul cupsule, sh leat crown elements, a shallow buceal eapsale whieh is arched anteriorly in Geral views, oesophageal bosses extending to the teeve aig. a simile dorsal oesophaweal denticle, spicules 1S0-107 tim in length and: a recurrent Vawiia, OC. efice sp. now, characterised bya dorsoventrally elongated month opening. sis leal crown viements, cephyhic papillae which are situaled close together and whose tips are deviated medially. a shallow buccal capsule arched anteriorly, an oesophagus without bosses or denticles, the deirid posterior tu the nerve Migospicules Te the rane (O87) a5 mm and astroizht vagina; © ehiron sp, nov, characterised by a cervical! cuticular inflation, vephalic papillie with a lang. obtuse distal segment. see leaf crown elements. syninetrical Buccal Capsule do simple oesoptrigus without denticles or bosses. spicules in the range 058-065 min anda SLRUSHE VLU Credits sp. boy, chainieterised by ts small size, simple slender uesophagus liektng bosses or denticles, small syametricul buecul capsule, cephalic papillie with (he pros inal segment longer than Me distal si leat crowi elements, spiewles in the range 131-146 min and a straight vaginite Co refemechts sp. nov, choructenscd by the-shupe al the eephulic papillae with the distal segment globose and directed ntedially, sis let drown lenient. un oesophieus without bosses ar denatiqles, the deirul posterior io the nerve ring. spicules 735 1 fone ands stralghit vagina Kry Words: Cleoeli, new species, nemitudes, Seroni. quokks, mirsupials, paritsiles, Introduction Miuny species ot tacropodid marsupials ate pacasitsed by a sue of species of the nemulode venus Cloacing Linslow, 1898 occurring in the succuluted forestomachs of their hosts, The nuniber of species of Cloaeme known trom differen kangaroo Or williby hosts which have been examined in dell varies considerably, ranging fren none in the cuse af the red-necked wallaby Macrapuy rufegriseus hanksiants (Quay & Gairnard, 1825) or (wo in the cause oF the Tasmanian pademelon. Thvlogale billardierii (Desmarest 1622). lo 25 mn the ease of the wallirog of cure, Maeropus rabusiiw Gould, 184) bused on uw recent vevision af the genus (Beveridge 1998). In other teropodid species, TsulPicient minibers of hosts fave been vaamined for parasites to be able yo provide reliable estimates of the diversity of species olf Claacuie likely to be enenuntered in them. One Department of Veterinry Seience. The University of Melbourne Parkville Vie. 3082. such host species js the quokka, Selonis braclyuris (Ouoy & Gaimard. 1830), whieh is Himited in abs distribution to the southwestern region ol Wester Australia (Kitchener (995) A single species of Cloacina, ©. yetonicly was deseribed from (his host by Mawson (1961) and hus subsequently been redeseribed hy Beveridge (1998). but since this was based on a single collection, it is possible that additional species exisl Examination of a series of quokkas has indicwted that they, like most other macropodids, gre parasitised by a series oF species af Choeing. The new species -cncountercd ite described in this paper, Materials and Methods A series of six quokkas was collected On Rottnest is,, WA jf April (982, using hand pets, The animals were killed wath an overdose of sodiuny penta barbitone and the stomach was exumined for parasitic nematodes. Nematodes found were fixed ip bot 70% ethanal and were subsequently stored in 70h ethanal with See glycerol For examination, nematodes were cleared in lictapbenal, Perounent Ik 1. BEVERIDOE prepunttions on slides of apical views oF the mouth opening, the bursa und the spicule tips were made using polyvinyl ductuphenal as the mounting mediunnt, Drawings were prepared using an Olympus BiH2 microscope with Nomarski interference optics and y drawing tube. Measurements were made usmg an ocular mierometer and are presented in the text m millimeties us the hinge followed in parentheses hy the mewn, Drawines oF apical views of the mouth opeminmg are presented with the dorsal aspect ippermost: drawings of the bursa have the ventral lobes. uppermost, Mololypes hive been deposited tm the South Ansirdlian Museum, Adelaide (SAMA). Paratypes have heen deposited in SAMA and an the British Museunt (Natural History), London (BMNH). Morphological! tenuinology formematodes tollows thal used hy Beveridge (1998). The ubbreviated term SUE pore is used in plave of seeretory-exeterory pore (Bird & Bid 1997) und oesophagas iy used as a synonyvin af the more correct (erm “pharynx” (Bird & Bird 1991), Followinw Beveridge (1998). the new species are bascd on ehissical mines since the ecnerie name is Hit ofa Roman goddess. Cloacina ceres sp.nov. (PIGS 1-14) Iypes, Holotype &, froma stomach of Setonic bravhyitrus, Rolinest Is. WA, coll Lo Beveridge: VAVAYR2, SAMA ATC 30558; allotype ©. SAMA ANC 30559: purutypes: 1 ft. 60 Sop. SAMA AH 30580; Tt. 1), BMNH 1998.0 28 3-4, Desorption Simall nemiutodes: cervical cuticle mot inflated in oesophaveal region: transverse cuticular annukitions. prontinent. Sub-inedian papillae very Small, 0.004 long, projecting anterolaterally trom peri onal cuticle, sHigited on clevahops oF per-oral edlicle; proximal seament cylindrical, extremely short, O0OT long. shorter than ovoid. abtuse distal sewmenr. 0.003 long Buceal Gupsule shallow. eyhndrical symmetrical in dorsoventral views, circular in apieul view. Leal crown Clements G@ in nuniber, with prominent striations, urising from full leneth of internal wall af buccd capsule, Hot reeurved al lps. Perteoral cuticle inflated mito hip ke lobes attached do-euch leat crown element, Dorsal looth projecting prominently inte huceal cupsule; cael subyentral sector of oesophagus with lapcet-like projection inte buccal capsule Oesuphugus simple. claviforms lining ornunented with rows ol sclerouised bosses from anterior cad to hwo thirds Of disiinee to nerve ring; denticles absent fron oesophagus. Nerve ting ih fafd-oesophaveal region, deirids in posterior vesophagedl resion, herween nerve ring and S-E pore: S-E pore anterior 1a Gesophage-intestinal junetion. Mule (Measurements fron LO specimens. Lypes) (Figs 12) Total length 4.3-6.0 (S.4),anaximum width 0.17 0.92 (ULES) dimensions OF bueeal eapsule O.010- “OTS (O01) x 0.032-0,038 (0.035), length ot owsophagos O.36-0.48 (O04 Fi nerve tieg to anterior che O.P9-0.26 (0.2 SAB pore to anterior end (L32 0.43 (0.38): deirils to anterior end O.32-0,40 (0,34), Burs without prominent divisions between lobes, Ventral Jobes joined ventrally: Tateral lohes and ventral lobes joined. Dorsil lobe similar in lengih te luteral lobes. Dorsul ray divides ut midlengnh: secondary subdivisions oceur at /y lengthy internal branchlets. directed posteriorly, not reaching margin of hursa: external branchlets shorter than internals, directed laterully. mot reuching miarein oF bursa. Externodorsal ray arising close to baiteral rays, not reaching njatein of bursa, Postevoluwteral sujd ventrolateral rays fused, reaching margin of bursay anterolateral ray divergent. shorter than ather hitter rays. Hat reaching margin of” bursa; wentrokiteral and ventraventral rays Hused. reaching margin of bupsa, Gubernaculum broadly oyeid, O.NTO-0.020 (0.014) long: genial cone with. prominent anterior hpe posterior dip shorter than anterior fp, with paar yt dome-shaped papillae: pair ool lateral inflations of culicle present on cither side of anterior Lip, spicules vlongate, 156-197 (1-70) Tong, date. tip sinmplen ata diminishing Wm width gradually towards tip. Female (Measurements from 10-specimens, types) (Pigs 13-14) ‘Total length 41-64 (3.7) maximam width OLY (0.27 (0.24); dimensions ol buced) capsule O.010- QOS (O03) & OL03S-DL040)> (0.039): lenet ot Oesophiwus VAT OhAd (O43): nerve (bg Wa aerial’ end. O.18-0,22 (020); S-E pore lo atiterior end 0,30- O40 (0.36); deirids lo anterior end 0.25-0,45 (0.30). Tail simple, conical, O1)-0.25 (216) tones vulva elose to unus, (.26-0.38 (0.44) frei posterior end. vagina straight, 0.62 1.05 (0.91) longs oveyector J shaped, mfundibulum longer thi sphincter; cay ellipsoidal, 0208-0. 10 (0.09) % 0.04-0,06 (0,05). Etymology Ceres, goddess oF agriculture, Remarks Cluacinag cerey is characterised. by the presenee Of lip-hke inflatigns of the pen-ordl cuticle. oesophigedl basses extending “75 of the way to the nerve tins, the deirid posterior to the nerve ring, NEW NEMATODES FROM QUOKKAS 1 ie - ee — 42 Figs |-l4. Cleacina ceres sp. noy, 1. Anterior end, lateral view. 2, Cephalic extremity, literal view, dorsal aspect on right hand side. 4. Cephalic extremity. dorsal view. 4. Cephalic extremity. ventral view. 5. Cephalic papilla. 6. Cephuhe extremity. apical view. 7. Cephalic extremity. transverse optical section through base of buccal capsule. 8. Transverse section through anterior extremity of oesophagus showing thickening of lining of oesophagus. 9. Bursa, apical view. 10. Gubernaculum, ventral view. 11. Genital cone. dorsal view. 12, Spieule tip. lateral view. 13. Pemitle tail, lateral view. 14, Vagina and ovejector, lateral view. Seale bars = 0,1 mm. 1, 9 13. 145 0.01 mm, 2-8, 10-12. att) | REVERTDGE absenee Of oesophageal denticles, a syninteticul buecal cupsule, (simple straight vagina and spicules 1,56-1.97 mm in tenth. (is distinguishuble trom all vongeners exeepl Co castor Beveridge, 1Y79, CL ves Beveridge. 998 and CL pupillate Beveridge. 1979 by the possession of 6 rows of oesophageal hoxsses und the oeeurrence of (he deird posterior ty (he nerve ring, Cloacing ceres is distinguishable from all of these speeies by the shape of the cephahe pupillac Which Nive a very Short proximal segment and. ca lurger obtuse distil segment similar to that encomlerd 1 CO. drvepe Beverilee, 1998, Co hehe Beveridge, 1998, C. hypspyle Beveridge. 1998. C. linvtaw) Johuswn & Mawson. 190. Co meta Beveridge, (9S tnd Co thendis Johnston & Mawson, 1930, 4 suite of species oeccuiring in Mucropus dorsliy (Gray. (837) bol lacking Sesophugeal bosses. Cloacine cerey is further distinguished from Co casror, C. eas ind © paplllara by the presence of lipelike inthutiows of the circurnoral cuticle and trom ©) eas and Co prpitlarta WW HuVing a stright rather Und recunrent vine. Cloaelaa 1aius sp. or, (PIGS 15-28) Wipes Holtype from stomaeh al Sefanry brachyurts, Retest Ts, WA, coll. 1 Beveridve, 17.1y, 1982, SAMA AFIC 30567, allolype 1. SAMA AHC 30568) paratypes: LO cat 3) SS SAMA ALC 30569. 1. 1 Y, BMNH 1998.9.28%.9-10, Deseripiion Soll nematodes; cerview! cuticle mot tied in vesuphapeal regions transverse cuticular anoukaions prominent, Sub-medion papillae (0095 long, projecting anteriorly from peri-oral eitich: proximal segement eylindreal, 0.000 loa. longer than ovoid distal sepment, O.0035 Jong. Mouth opening dorsoventrally glongule, Buccal capsule shallow, symmetrical laterally, arcuate in lateral view. with upex OF areb latenak dorsal id ventral views areuute With buses of arch dorsaland ventral, Buccal capsule Walls cirenar in apical view. Leaf crown elements 6 Tn umber arise Fron AUT lemeth eh tarernad wall of buccal -cupsole, slehtly meurved at lips. Per-oral enliche mot inflated into tip-ltke lobes ailached: to voch Teal crown element Oesophazus simples vhivifornn without preneucl swellings dorsal lobe at Hesuphazus Projecting prominently ita huced capsule. bearing: diieh ob dorsal oesophageul yan: lining af aesephagus ornamented with rows of selerotiscud bosses extending fron ainterior end to level of nerve fies single dorsal oesopliagedt Jenticle present immediately anterior lo nerve ring. Nerve ring jo mid-oesaphiageal region, deirids in Wid ocsophigeal region, imnmcdiaiely catenor ho herve mig; S-E pore unterior ty Oesophage- intestinal junetion, Male (Measurements four 10 specimens. types | (Figs 23-26) Tot length 5.6-7.4 (od maxim width Q4- O38 (O41) baceal capsule 0.006 (O.0061 8 (.055- O.068 (O.058): lengih of oesophagus 045-0.52 (O47). nerve ring ty anterior end (230.25 (0.24), S-E. pore to anterior end O.38-0.47 (OAL): dei ts anterior end O.V70.24 (O20) Bursa without prominenl divisions belween lobes. Ventral lobes joined ventrally: kiteral lobes and ventral lobes joned, Dorsal lobe similar in length te lateral lobes Dorsal ray divides at '/) lengthy second subdivision gecurs dt mid-length, Intermal branchlets longer thin oxternuls, direeted! posterolaterally. ulmost coaching murei oF bursay external branchlets shorter, dinewted ‘most hiterally. not preaching margin of bursa, kixternodorsal ray arises close to hileral riys, fot reaching margin of bursa. Posterolateral anil ventrolateral rays fused, reaching iniuirgin of bursa, unterolateral ray divergent, shorter than other Iter rays; Dow ccachinie Wren of bursa; vertrolareral amd yenlroventral rays fused, reuching inargin of bursa, Gubernucolum elongate. ovoid im dorsoventral view. (.010-0.020 (0.017) long: senital cone promimenn dnterio’ Lip conieal, with sitle: papilla at apex, posterior Tip shorter Chin uwnlerior lip, wilh pair ar Jome-shaped pupitlaes purr of lateral inflations. ot cuticle present on either side of anterior lips spicules elongate, 1501.97 (1,04) long. alae; alae dirunishine eruduiuly: in width towards tip, Femedte (Measurements trom [0 speennens. types) (Figs 27-28) Toul length 73-90 (7.9), maxi width 0, 37- 49 (O43) buccal cupsale 0,006 (0,006) % 0,060 O<.070 (0.066): length of oesephagas fhAk-at (0.52); nerve ring to anterior end (23-0227 10 25); S-E pore (o aimerior cod 0, 97-0.47 (0 42). deni to amterion CHU OTS) (ES). Tail siniple. conreal, 0.20-0,30 (0.24) long: vulva close to anus, 045-063 (O.55) Thom posterion end: vagina straight, reenereny, OF 1-092 (O80) lones ovejector Jeshuped, sphincter und infundibulum shorty coe ellipsoidal Q.08-0. 11 (O701 & O.060,07 (0.00), Eryielany Latte son of Lubdacus, king of Thebes. Renmarks Cheewine lainy is characterised by a dorsoventrally Gonyated buccal cupsule, six leaf erown elements, a shallow buecal capsule whielt is arched anteriorly in literal views, ogsophageal bosses extending 10 the NEW NEMATODES FROM QUOKKAS aa i 22 Figs 15-28, Cloacine lainy sp ney. 15. Anteriorend, lateral view, 16, Cephalic extremity, literal view, dorsal aspect on right hand side, 17. Cephalic extremity, dorsal yiew. 18. Cephalic extremity. ventral view, 19. Cephalic extremity, apieal view. 20, Optical Wansverse section at level of buccal capsule, 21. Optical transverse section through anterior extremity ol oesophagus showing thickening of Fining. 27. Dorsal oesophageal denticle. dorsal view. 23. Bursa, upicaul yiew. 24 Spicule tip, laterul yiew, 25, Genital cone. dorsal view, 26. Gubernaculum, ventral view. 27. Fermale tail lateral view, 28. Vawina and oyejector, lateral view. Seale bars = 0.1 mn 15, 23, 27, 28; 0.01 mm, 16-22, 24-26. a7 §. BEVERIDGE nee ring a single dorsal pesuphageal denuele, spretiles PAO ,97 mm in length and a reeurrent vagina The anternorly arched bueeal capsule iaymediitely distinguishes 0) from) all conmeners except ©. cfree sp. ney. deseribed below. Otber species ith Gesophigedl hosses, dorsi] oesophageal denueles and asymmetrical buccal cupsules ure © eilenlivia Beverdwe, 1998 and () polvrena Beveridge, 1998, However, in C. efleithyt the buccul capsule is arched posteriorly in lateral views while i C. pedyvene. the buceal capsule urches anteriorly ooly aver the dorsyl oesophageal taoth wna the deviation is seen clearly only im dersal views, Claating circe lacks oesophageal bosses and denticles and is therefore immediately disiin- wuishable from) Co fais. Thus C2 Jafis is clearly distingnishable from all congeners, Cloacina ciree sp.nov. (VIGS 20-39) Wypes Holotype o trom stomach of dese beachvurigs, Rottnest Is. WA. coll L Beveridge. 17iw 1982, SAMA AHC 30564. allotype & SAMA AHC 30565; paratypes: IX tet, 44 4st, SAMA ANIC 30566; 14, 1 2, BMNIT 199%,9, 28. 7-5, Deveriphon Small nematodes: cervical cuticle not inthied in vesopligeal region, treverse cuncukirannulations prominent. Sub-medtan papillae 0.014 long, projecting anterierly from peri-oral caticle with (istil SepMenL curved medially: proximul segment cylindrical, 0,006 long, shorter than avail, medially directed distil segment, 0.008 long, Buecul capsule shallow. arewate in fleral view, wilh apex of arch lateral, Mouth opening dorsoventratly clongate. Buceal capsule wall thick, dorsoventrally elongated iy apleall view Leal crown elements 6 in number. meoved at tips. atise fren full lengch of internal Wall of buccal capsule, Per-oral cutich! pot inflated ino liplike lobes altuched to euch leat crows dement. Oesophigus simple chiyilorns, dorsal sector ob oesophagus protudiaye into hueval capsule wilh opentig of dorsal oesuphaged gland at apes: lining nol ornamental with rows OF selerotised busses: dentieles. absent tn oesophaeas. Nerve rin in riid- oesophageal copies deitids i pasterian oesophaedl region. posteriur la nerve ming: SE pore anterior la oesophage-intestinal junction, Male (Measurements front LO speenmiens. iypest (Figs 34-37) Toll length 427-721 (od, maxim width 24 0.33 (2%); buccal capsule (O18 (0.018) 9 0,065- Q,090 (OL080). Teast OF oesophagus 0.42462 (O56), nerve fing te enlurior end 0.224.277 (0.25): S-E pore to unterior end 0.35-0.42 (0.38); deirid tn anterior end) 0.34-0,37 (0.36), Bursa without prominent divisions between. lobes. Ventral lobes joined ventrally: later) lobes and ventril lobes joined, Dorsal lobe simlaran length to hateral lobes Dorsal ray divides just before mid-length: secondary Jivision occurs at?/) dengih: internal branchlets straight. longer than externals, directed posteriorly, almost reaching mani of bursa; external branches short. directed laterally, nol reaching margin ol bursa. Bxtemodorsil ray arises close to lateral mays. not revebing marvin ol bursa. Posterolateral and ventrolateral rays fused, reaching margin of biysu: anterolateral cay divergent, shorter thin other lateral rys; hat reaching margin of bursa, ventrolateral ane ventroventral trays fused, reaching margin ol bursa, Gubermiculum sablrianguluc in dorsayentral view, 0.02 (0.02) longs genital cone prominent; anterior lip vontoul with single papilla at apex; posterior lip shorter (han unterior lip. with pair ef dome shaped papillae; pair of Literal inflations of cuticle present on cither side of atiteriar lip; spicules elongate, U.97- 1.35 (1.25) long, ahute; alae diminishing gradually in width towards spietile tip. Female (Measurements of 10 specimens, types) (Figs 38-39) Total length 73-105 (8.8): maximum widil 4 1- 0.54 (0.46); buceal capsule O.018 (0.018) x 0.090- 0.098 (0,094); length af oesephapus (60-072 (Q,05); nerve ring to anterior end 0.24-0.30 (0.27); S-E pore to antertar end 0.33-0.46 (0.39); deirid ta anterior end 0.30-0.41 (0.34), Tail simple. conical, 0.20-0,26 (0.23) long: vulva close to dius, 0.35-0.51 (O42) from posterior end; vagina short. sigight, 032-063 (0-48) long; ovejector J-shaped, sphincter and salundibulum short; egg ellipsoidal O.08-0. 1 (0.09) x 0.05-0.06 (0.05). Eryitalagy Circe, daughter of the sun and Perse, famous for her Mage, Remarks Cloaemna eiree is vharacterised by a doisoyentrally elonyated month opening, six led! crown elements, cephilic papillae which are situjted Close Logether and whose lips are deyiated medially, a shallow buccal capsule arched amnlenorly, un oesophagus without bosses or denticles, (he deirid posterior to the nerve ring, spteules in the range 097-1 35 mm amta Struight vagina. The anteriorly arched buecul vapsile und the dersoventrally elongate mouth opening distinguish this species from all congeners eacepl C. lai. Cloacina circe dillers (rom C. leit in lacking oesophaveal bosses und denticles, tn NEW NEMATODES FROM QUOKKAS Di Figs 29-39. Cloacina circe sp. noy, 29. Anterior end, lateral view. 30, Cephalic papilla, 31. Cephalic extremity, literal view. dorsal aspect on right hand side, 32. Cephalic extrenuty, dorsal view. 33. Cephalic extreniity. apical view. 34. Bursa, upical view. 35, Genital cone, dorsal view, 36, Gubernaculum, ventral view. 37. Spicule lip. lateral view. 38. Female tail, Jateral view. 39. Vagina and ovejector, lateral view, Scale burs = 0.1 mm, 29, 34, 38, 39: 0.01 mm, 30-33, 35-37. 4 1 BEVERTIDOL having the deiid posterior lo the nerve ring rather than imediatehy antenor to ik in having a strait Varin dnd in Waving shorter spicules. Cleavina chiran sp. nov (PIGS 40-51) Types. Holotype oo from stomachs bruhyirus, Rottnest s.. WA, coll Lo Beveridge, 17iv.1982, SAMA ALIC 30561. ulloipe 9 SAMA AHO 30562; paratypes: 10 &e, 12 Se. SAMA ATIC 30563. 1 4.1 8. BMNH 1998,9.28,5-6, of Seronn, Description Simall nematodes; cervical cuticle inflated to level ob perve rings lransverse caledlie annalations prom inent Sub-median papillae (1.016 long, projecting untenorly from pore oral cuticle. proximal segment eylindrieal, 0.003 Jone. much shorter than obovoid distal segment, 0.013 long. Mouth opening Jorsoventrally elongate, Bueeal capsule shallow, syrmeuieal fn tae aod) dorsaventral yiews. Buceal cupsule walls erreular a upieal view. Leal crowiy elements 6 in number, with prominent steittions. arising from full length of iiterial wall of buccal capsule, Peri-oral cuticle not inflated into Tip- like lubes attached to cach Teaf crown clemenr Ocsophagus simple chivilarm: lining oot orn mented With raws of selorotiscad bosses: denicles absent in wesopharus. Nerve ring in mid oesophiveal regions deipds in anterior oesophageal reaion, auiterion to nerve ring: SE pore posterior 1 Oesnphago-imestinal junetion Male (Measurements rom [0 specimens, types) (Pivs 46-49) Total fength 3.48.9 (8.5), maximum width 0,34 O42 (0.38); buceal capsule 0.015-0.025 (020) 6 0.0605-0,085 (0,079); leueth of oesaphigsis O.59-0,7 | HGF) nerve tng Prom qoterior end O.30-0.36 (0, 34): §-E pore from anterior end 0.79-1, 11 (0.97); deirid from anlerior end O.TEO.TS (0.17), Bursa wathout prominent divisions between Llabes. Ventral lobes jomed venttallys lateral lobes and ventral lobes joined. Dorsal lobe slightly longer than lateral lobes, Dorsal cay long, dividing at mic-length: secondiiry subdivision near extremity, iiflernal branchlets short, slightly longer than esternals, diregled posteriorly, almost reaching margin of bursuy internal branehless very short. chrvered posterolateraly, nat reaching marin ool bursa, katernodorsal ray arises close ty Vaicral ruivs, nok reaching marin af bursa, Posterolateral und ventrolaternil rays lused. reaching: mai at buesayanterolaterg! ray divergent, shorter than other Glerw! rays; not ceuchings marin of bursa; ventrolateral wnd ventroventral rays fused, reaching inargin of barsa Gubernacnhin quadrangalir ina dorsoventral view, (03 lone: geniid cone pros minenty anterior lip eonieul, with sine papilla at “per; posterior lip sharter than witerion dip, with pair OF domesshiped papillae: pair of lateral mtitians el culicle present on either side ol inerior lip: spicules vlongate. short, O.58-0.605 (0.02) long, alite; ala iermingting uinterian ( spicule tip Female (Measurements of 10 specimens, types) (Figs SO-51) Total length 8.5. 12.3 (105); naxinuin width O46 Q.57 (50); buccal capsule O.0TS-O.020 (020) O.085-0.095 (0.000): lengity of Gesophagus (,70-0.78 (Q75): nerve ting to anterior end O.32-040 (a7 S-E pore to unterion ond (.A8-1.07 (100): deirid to anterior endl O.42-0.20 (0,16) Tail simple, eonieal 0,13-0,20 (0,17) Tong; vilva close ly anus, 0.26-0,38 (O.44) front posterior end: vagina short. straight 0.29 0.38 (0.34); uvejector J-shaped: sphineter and infundibulum shorts oge cHipsoidal, OQ TO-O 1A (O11) » O.06-0,.07 (0.07), Eivnolugy Chiron, centaur, son of Saturn, Remarks Cloaeiia ehirent is charaetertsed) by a eervival cuticular inflation, cephalic papiliie with along, obtuse cistal scpment, six leaf crown elements, a synitetnen) buceal capsule, a simple oesophagus without denlicles, or bosses, spicules in the range 0,58-0.65 min anu st straight vagini. The shape of the cephalic papillae and the hhek of desdphaged! bosses distinguish this species. Irony all congeners except ©, drvepe. © lrehe, © Iypsipyle, ©. linstawi, Co mate and ©. iheticlis, Cloacina chiro is distinguished Tram ©. drvepe in having a deeper buccal capsule. fh not having the anterior region Of he oesophagus distinedy broader than the posterinr partand in having much shorter spitules (= 175 mn in Co drvapes, from ©. febe andl C. therdis ww having deeper bucest! capsule in which the anterior mit gin dows not have anterior lobes in the submediin and ventval positions and trom. CL dyasiavle Co Hasiewi and ©. jnaie in having a shallower buccal capsule without die Unduhiting anterior imirgin present in the latter twee species. In addibon, Wie spicules of ©) chron are shorter than those inalbol the species listed, Cloacina cadmus sp. noy- (FIGS 52-62) Types: Holotype of trom stonmeh of Serer brachwieis, Rottnest Is. WA, coll 1 Beveridge. 17.14, 1982, SAMA AHC 30555, allotype i! SAMA AHE 30556; paratypes: 4. od, 23-8 9, SAMA AC 30557. 1 3,1 8. BMNEL 1998,4.28 |-2 NEW NEMATODES FROM QUOKKAS 75 Figs 40-51. Cloacina chiron sp. nov, 40. Anteriot end, lateral view. 41, Cephalic papilla, 42. Cephalic extremity, lateral view, dorsal uspect on right hund side. 43. Cephalic extremity, dorsal view. 44. Cephalic extremity, apical view. 45- Optical transverse section through buccal capsule, 46, Bursa, apical view, 47. Gubernaculum, ventral view, 48, Genital cone, dorsal view. 49. Spicule tip, lateral yiew. SO. Female tail. literal view. St. Vagina and ovejector, lateral view. Seale bars = 0.1 mm, 40. 42-46. 50, 51; 0.01 mm, 41, 47-49. ty 1 BEVARIDGE Deseripliont Very small nemiutodes: cervigal cuticle not inflated i Wesgphageal region, brunsyerse culeahir annulations prominent, Subanedian papillae 0.010) lone. projecting wileriorly from per-oral cuticle; prosimal segment eytindrieal 0.007 long. longer than ovonl distal sexment. 0.003 Jong. Mouth open circular in apical view, Buccal capsule shallow. symmetieat i) lateral and dorsoventral views. Buccal capstle walls hexagonal in apieal view, Leal erewn vlements 6 Wi ndniber meurved at dip. arising froin full length of mera wall of huceal capsule. Per ral CULE Hot niflatcd ito Hpelike lobes attached to wich leah erown element. Oesaphagis simple, Chiviirm. slender, Haig ob ornamented with rows of selerotised bosses: denticles absent i Oesophugus. Pronent dorsal ocsophigeal tooth projeering fan Yorsal sector of oesophagus inta buceal capsule, Nerve ring in posterior oesophageal region: deirids in posterior oesophageal reston, posterior La nerve rings S-T pore in region of Gesophawe- intestinal junction. Atle (Measurements from 7 specimens, types) (bags 37-At)) Votul length 3.44.7 (4.0) maximum width 0.15- O19 (OTA biecal capsiite Q0008, (0.005) x 0.0 ;8- O.020 (0,019), length ot gesophigus O.42-0,38 (O44): Herve fing (to anterior end DISS (O16) S-E pore to anterian end 0.26-0.31 (0.26): deirid to ailerion end O:.20-02) (O90) Bursa without prominent divisions between lobes, Vernal lobes joined ventrally; daleral lobes and) ventral Tobes Joined. Dorsal lobe slightly longer than hueral lobes, Dorsal ray slender at origin, dividing at mid-length: secondary subd rsior occurring at 77s lengths iterniad brinehlets longer thon exlernals, directed posteriorly, almost reaching margin OF bursa. external brinehlets shorter, directed laterally, not reaching margin ol Bursa, bxternecdorsal nay arises close to hitenil rays, not veaghing margin ef bursa, Posterohitenil and ventolteral niys Cased, reaching arent ob burs iilerohwteral ray clivergent, shorter (han ofher huteral rays: nol reaching margin of burs, ventrolateral and yentroventral rays fuged. reaching: oii of bursa Gubermieuluny ovoid in dorso-venunal view. (005 WO.O1S) long, enitul cone prominent: anterior lip cainical, with single papilla at apex: posterior lip Shorter ian auiterioe tip, with pair of dame shaped papithte, pair of literal mthitions of cubele present on ether side ofuntlerior lips spicules clonwale, |. 31-146 () 40) long, wlate; spieute tip bifureate, surrounded by pyoid fHange: aly derminaring. abruptly immediately wmlerior Lo spieule tip, Pennie (Measurements of LO specimens, types) (Pius GL-62) Loki teneth 3.4-5,3 (4.6), maximum wilth O1S-0.26 (O21) bree! capsule O.008 (0.005) 5 O.0TR-0,020 (O.019): Tength of oesaphagus 034-041 (37) herve ring tO unterter end 5-018 (bl 7 ys S-E pore to witerion end U 25-037 (O24); dena to untertor end O17-0,25 (0.19), Thal simple, cone, O21 1-O.18 (0 16) dongs sulvé close to amis. 0,23-0.30 (0.27) From posteridn ends vagin Clongite, stametie. 0.72-1,00 (0.79) long, Ovejeetor J-shaped: sphincter andl jifundibuluin shore cee ellipsoidal, O.07-0,09 (O.08) x O.04-0.05 (0.05). Eryinaloaey Cadijus, san af the Phoemenn king, Agenon Remarks Cloacina cadniiis nist closely resembles C burnetii Johnston & Miawyson, 1939 i ats siall sive. Simple slender oesophagus licking bosses er denticles. smmull, symmeuieu!l buccal capsule, cephalic papillae with the proximal segment longer than the distal, six leaf crown elements, spicules in (he range 131-146 nim ane a stratatie yagi. Cloaedne ceduins differs fronr €) burnetiana in having the deirid posterior to (he nerve ring and longer spicules (0.60-0-70 mm in C) hurneitione), Cloccine cadmus also resembles C. cahallera’ Mawson, (977, Co aive Beveridge 1996 and oC. fpy Beveridge, 1998 but they differ in having the secondary branchlets ol the dorsal ray wish ab or before the prigacy BI Feation rather (han after itis in ©. ceefniiy, Qther sintitar spectes are €. ytfkhe Beveridge, M9YS und ©. diginite Johoston & Mawson. a0 avhiel differ in ineving (he ded antenor to the nerve ting ated longer spicules (>2.5 mm), CL cybele Beveridge, 19s Which differs in heaving the deitid anterior te the nerve png anda churacterisueully enlarged spicule Lip. nd CL pearseiy Mawson, 1971 which has the deikh anterior tome nerve: ping and aw shorter VELEN, Cloacina telemachus sp. nov. (KIGS 63-72) Types: tllotype tram stommeh of Senne brachvuriy, Rottnest ts, WA, coll 1 Beveridue 17.1982, SAMA AH 30870, allotype 2 SAMA AHC 30571, puralypes: & © 2, SAMA AMG 30572, 1’. BMNNH 1998.9, 25,23, Desoription Smid nematodes: cervical! cutiche dot inflated) tt vesophigeul region: Transverse cuticular annulivions promment Sub-median papillae (01S long, projecting anteriorly from peti-oral cufiele, distal secon deynuded medially; prosimal segment NEW NEMATODES FROM QUOKKAS 17 Figs 52-62. Cloacina cddimus sp. noy. 52. Anterior end, lateral view. 53. Cephalieextremity, lateral yiew, dorsal aspect on tight hand side. 54, Cephalic extremity. dorsal view, 55. Cephalic extremity, apical view. 50, Cephalic extremity. optical transverse section through buccal capsule. 57, Genital cone, dorsal view. 58S, Bursa, apical view. 59. Gubernaculum, ventral view, 60, Spicule tip, lateral view: 61. Fetmale tail, lateral view. 62. Vagina and ovejector, lateral view, Seale bars =.1 mm, 52.58. 61. 62: O01 men, 53-57. 59, 60. a} I, DEVERIDOE evlindrieul, (L006 long, shorter than ohovoid, medially directed distal segment, 0.009 long. Mouth opening circular in apical view. Buecal vapsule shallow. symmetrical io hateral aud dormoventail views. Buecul capsule walls striated, eheulin Tr apreal view, Leah crown elements @ i niiber, only stiehlly menryed at tips, arise Trem full lengih of internal wall of bucea! cupsule. Peri- oral cutiele hot inflated into lip-like lohes attached to each Teal crowed element. Oesophagiis simple, chavatorn, lint not ornmimented with rows ol selevotised bosses: denticles absent in besophagus, Nene ring in anterior oesophageal region, derids ip Wid-oesaphagent region, posterior (o herve ring: SE pore anterior 0 oesophagosintestiog! janction, iminvaditely posterior to deirid. Male (Measurements af holotype) (Figs 68-70) Potal leneth 7,0) imuxanuliy, width) 0.32; buccal cupaile O01 8 0.057; length of pesoplagus 0.05; nerve ring Tram anterior emt O27. 8-6 pore [rom amerion end (472 dered From anternion end Od. Bursa Without prominent divisions hetween lobes. Ventral lobes jammed ventrally; liderat lobes and veniral lobes Joined, Dorsal lobe similar in lengib ta tateral lubes. Dorsal ray divides ut '/. lengths secondary subdivision oceurs at “4 length: internal branchlets long stramght. directed posterohtte rally, ‘imost reaching margin of bursa: external Wunchlets very Short. directed pusterolaterully. nat reaching margin of bursa, Externodorsal ray (irises close lo lleral rays, not reaching niarein of bursit, Posterolareral and) ventrolateral rays fused: reichiby iminin oof bursa; antercliteral ray divergent, shorter than other lateral rays, nor reuchine immer of bursa; ventrolaternd and ventroventral rays fused, rewehing margin of bursa. Cubermaculiin quadrangukir ie shape in dorsoventral view, 0.02 long; genital eone Prom Nenh anterior lip eonical, wilh single papilla HLape: posterior lip shorter thant anterior tip, with patroot dammesshaped pupillie; spicules elongate, 243 tong, alate. Female (Measurements of © specimens. rypies] (Figs 71-72) Total length S.9-9.b (72 maximum width O.36- O91) (Oddy buccal cupsule COUFOOLS (O13) s (1053-00600 (0.057) length of oesophagis 0, 74-0,80 (77): Nerve (ig be anterior end O.27-0,30 (O28), Seb, pore losleror end W40-0.49 (44), denid to wnleriop end (3640.40 (0,38), Tail simple, conical, O.17-0.27 (0.21) longs vulva close to anus, (.30-0.41 (047) Tran posterior ends vagina straight. Q45-b.12 (O70) lone. ovejector J-shaped! splitter and miundibaluin short, ege ellipsoidal, (08-10 (0.09) KAO LOS (OL05). Rivinalagy ‘Telemachus, son of Ulysess idl Penelope. Remarks Cloacimad telemeetny iS characterised by Ue cephulic papitlve wilh the distal segment globose ani direeted medially. six deal crown elements, an Oesophagus without bosses or denticles, the deirid posterior lo the nerve ping, spicules 2.33 qn hove und a straight vagina. Although deseribed from a siigle mate, ¢ fedemmehiy is readily distinwuishable fron oll congeners except C, devert Mawson, (977, © edwards? Mawson, 1972, 6. epond Beveridge, 19%, © ertibelle Johnston & Mawson. LOS. CO. feria Beveridye. 1908. OC) freyuens Johostion & Mawson. YK and CL thems Beveridue, 1998 by the shupe ot the cephalic papillie with at medially directed, globose distal seement Cloacaa telenutclis is distiogtished from ©. ecweredyi i that ib lacks the vervied! eudicuhier inthibion and a Gormb-like ofnarmentition of (he oesophageal lintig, The spicules of ©) edwards? are shorter (O41-0.47 mime andi the vagina i very short Cleaota telennelnis dilters fromthe remuiniit menmbers of (His eraup i that wt lacks oesophageal donticles. fa addition, ©. ielermachuy differs trom Cy eavevi which has (he deivids at the level of the nerve ring, spieules > 44 ninand a recurrent vagina, lromC. epone whieh has anterior deirids aud spicules 0.96-),05 oni lone, from ©, ernabelle whieh has anterior deirids and splewles }42- L863 o1in lan. from G. fereniea whieh hus anterior deirids and spicules 1.65-1.85 lone, from ©. /requens whieh hus anterior deivids, spicules 102-1, 10 long and in Yeshaped vagina ad from hens which has wnterior deirids and spicules |.02- |.23 nin lang, Discussion Phe Current GX natOn Of Sustore meniutodes fron a series of quokkus shows that (his host, like most other kangaroo ane wallahy speeies, harbours a funge of species of Closed rather than the single species. ©. yeroricix, described to date. ‘The new miler cane from a small number of quokkiis volleeted at esingle location and itis likely (hat more extensive examiitions of this Host wilh reveut addition species of Cloaecinee. All species described [ror the quokha spe vurrently considered to be restricted to this host However, the parasite Tuna oof maeroapodia narsupdls Crom Western Australia as sill very poorly known anil the new species al Cleaci deseribed here muy prove to have a wider host range when More studies are carried OUl i the resion, NEW NEMATODES FROM QUOKKAS 99 Figs 63-72. Cloacina telemachuy sp. noy, 63. Anterior end, lateral view. 64. Cephalic extremity, lateral view, dorsal aspect on defi hand side. 65. Cephalic extremity, dorsal view. 66. Cephalic extremity. apical view. 67, Cephalic extremity, Lransverse optical section through buccal capsule and anterior oesophagus. 68, Dorsal lobe of bursa. dorsal view. 69, Lateral Jobe of bursa, lateral view, 70. Gubernaculim, ventral view. 71. Female tail Jateral yiew, 72. Vagina and ovejector, hiteral view. Seale bars = 0.1 mm, 63, 68, 69, 71, 72; 0.01 min, 64-67, 70. wv) 1. BEVERIDGE Some of the new species closely resemble described taxa while others exhibit novel morphological features within the genus or novel combinations of morphological features. Cloacina cadmus closely resembles C. burnemana found in Macropus dorsalis in Queensland (Beveridge 1998), Similarly, C. chfron possesses obovate cephalic papillae similar to a suite of species (CL dryape, C. hehe. C. hvpsipvle. C. linstowl) found in Macropus dorselis in Queensland (Beveridge 1998), but differs from all of these possible relatives in the simple Shape of the buccal capsule and the oesophageal lobes projecting into the buccal capsule, Cloacina ceres has similarly shaped cephalic papillae but has basses lining the oesophagus, a feature charac- teristic of an alternative suite of species found ina wide range of macropodid hosts (Beveridge 1998). Cloacina telemachus has cephalic papillae resem- bling C. themis found in Macropus trma (Jourdan, 1837) from Western Australia, C. ernabella from Perrogale lateralis Gould, 1842) from central Australia and C\ davevi. C. frequens, C. eporna and C. feronia all trom Metcropus robustey from inland Australia, but differs from all of them in Jacking oesophageal denticles, By contrast, C, fqins and C, circe have an entirely novel, anteriorly arched buccal capsule which occurs in no congener. Therefore, in as far as it is possible to assess relationships within the genus, the series of species of Cloacina described from the quokka has possible affinities with suites of species in M. dorsalis and M. robusius, but the striking morphological originality of most of the new species makes the determination of associations difficult. Ti does suggest that more extensive exumimation of parasites from Western Australian macropodids will continue to reveal morphologically novel species of Cloacina, Acknowledgments The collection of the specimens reported im this piper was supported financially by the Australian Research Grants Committee, now the Australian Research Council. Thanks are due to D, Bradshiw for facilitating collechion and for making ayailable laboratory facilities on Rottnest [sland and R. Harrigan for technical assistance. Quokkas were collected under “License to Take Fauna for Scientific Purposes” No. 761, issued in November 1981. References Beveripbar, L (1998) Taxonomic revision of the genus Cloaeina von Linstow (Nematoda > Strongyloidea) from imacropodid marsupials, Javert, Taven. 12, 237-508, Binb, A, be & Bread. (1991) °The Structure of Nematodes” (Academic Press, San Diego). KrrcHewer, DL J. (1995) Quokkur Seteniv breeders (Quoy & Gujinard, 1830) pp. 401-403 Jn Strahan, R, (Ed,) “The Mammals of Australia” (Reed Books. Chatswood). Mawson, P.M. (1961) A new species and some new records in the venus Cloeeina (Nematoda Strongyloidea) from Western Australia. Trams. RL Sew, §, Aust. 83, 81-83. A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF GALL MIDGE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) DAMAGING FLOWERS OF THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SWAMP PAPER-BARK, MELALEUCA HALMATURORUM (MYRTACEAE) By PETER KOLESIK* Summary Kolesik, P. (1999) A new genus and species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging flowers of the South Australian swamp _ paper-bark, Melaleuca halmaturorum (Myrtaceae). Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(1), 31-36, 31 May, 1999. A new species of gall midge, Australopesia melaleucae, is described from flower galls on Melaleuca halmaturorum F. Muell, ex Miq., a salt tolerant tree growing in temporal swamps and saline areas of southeastern Australia. No seeds are produced in infested flowers and the infestation can potentially limit the reproduction of the tree. The larva, pupa, male and female of the new species are described and illustrated. The gall midge is the first record of the tribe Lopesiini in Australia and a new genus is erected to contain it. Austrolopesia gen. nov. is compared to other genera of Lopesiini and Lophodiplosis Gagné, an Australian genus feeding on Melaleuca. The Australian species Cecidomyia frauenfeldi Schiner, 1868 from branch bud galls on Melaleuca sp. is newly combined in Dasineura. Key Words: Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Melaleuca halmaturorum, wetland, swamp, South Australia. Tremscenias ep the Rove! Secret ofS. Aust (1999), E2300), 41-40 A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF GALL MIDGE (DIPTERA; CECIDOMYTIIDAE) DAMAGING FLOWERS OF THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SWAMP PAPER-BARK, MELALEUCA HALMATURORUM (MYRTACEAE) by Plank KoLesix Summiury Kobbsik Po U999) A new gens ahd species of gall midge (Biptemn Cecidomyiidae! damaging Towers al the South Australian svainp paperbark, Welalewce dietician (UMyieedc), Fran BR, Soe 8 Amit 1231), 31 46, 31 May 1999, A new species ef soll midge. Anearolopesia melileneor, is described from tower galls on Melafencu halmanrernun Uo Muell ex Mig. a salt tolerant tree growin a temporal swatips and subline areas of soufheasionn Australia, No secds are produced in infested Mowers and the infestation cain potently Hari the reproduction af the (ree. The larvi, pupa, male and female of the new species dre described und iustrated, The wall midge is the lirst record of the tribe Lopesiiné in Austria and a pew geniis ix erected to contain Auatrolapesiy gen, hoy, is compared to other genera of Lopesint and Lophodiplasis Gagne, an Australi genus focding on Melaleaee. The Australion species Cee idan framenfeld’ Sehiner, E868 from branch bud yulls on Mehileivu sp. is newly combined in Bayinernra, Key Woks: Diptera, Conmemyndic. Melaleuca heluiierorun, wethind, swanip, Seath Australia, Introduction The South Austeilhiin swamp paper-bark, Melalenca hétmeaturarun Vo Muell, ex) Mig, (Myrlacenc), is a tree of 2-7 m hehe occurring i South Australia and Vietoria (Barlow 1986), His tolerant lo saline waterlogying and is often Forrl in suline areas bordering permanent wetlands ina temporal swainps (Mensforth & Walker 1996), Due to its dominance in these areas, AZ, hadimadirerin ts aw omajar contributor to dhe natural groundwater discharge (Denton & Gant L994: Mensfarth & Walker 1996). Considerable proportions of South Austriiliin soils are degraded by, or uader threat of, salinisafion (Richardson & Narayan 1995), Melaleuca halmaturernin plays an important role in preventing the process of salinisdtion by keepiig the sroundwater level low, The new wall midge modes flowers of WM. halmatirovuny inv hard, hairy galls (Pig, 1) The oils of the type series were collected in September, 1997 in the Coorong National Park by D. Peacock dnl S. Jenoiygs during a South Australian Animal aid Phin’ Control Commission survey of the ceological response Lo European rabbit: population dynes, The fact that he seeds are produced inside the galled Powers indicates that (he gall Midge is a potential limiting factor in the reproduction of Ad, Ha lnetirorun Doe pareenit at Phorticditiies Viticeiine anh Qu ntogey. Waite Corapuinn Phe Ciiivcrsity at Adehaide PME Glen Onin Ss Ausl 5004, Eom: phlei wititeuielaide och pal. Austrolopesia incluledede ven, eb sp. nov. is not closely related to Lophendiplosiy Gagne, an Australian genus conlaining spectes modifying Juaves and buds of Welalenca spp. (Gagne er al, 1997), nor to any other known genus and therefore a new genus has been erected. The new wall widgets the first Australian record of Lopestini, a (ribe known previously only from the Americus aml Alriva, Austrolopesia gen, nov. differs fram Lopesce Riibsaamen, the eateh-all genus of the tribe, in eynecoid male antennae, and frond all other general the wibe in the long female postahdomen,. Cecldomyia franenfelei Schinet (868) deseribed from branch bud galls on Me/alened sp. in Sydney, Australia, is placed for the first ime mi the gens Dasinenra (comb, nov, Ik does not belong in Nie blower gull of Ansrolepesia melatencae sp. nay, an Melilened helmainearum, Seale bar = Tin 2 BR OROLESTR Cecidonute. formerly used is a catch-all genus pul how restricted to species whose larvae feed on resin in Pimaeeae, ‘Phe species fits Davitenra beeause it Has (oothed irsalclaws, an Ry wing ver that meets C ynteriay Qo the wing apex and the female cabih terete divided into lwo fongatitinal selerites, Materials and Methods Hower galls on Melalencer hedlmalirerune were colleeled at the Coorong National Park oe Dix 1997, The galls were processed in one ab Iwo Ways. Some Were chiLapen ane the larvae preserved in 70% ethinel, Others were kept in plistie bags und (he larvae reared to adults. Pupation took plice within the gully. Emerged adults wete preserved together With their pupal skins in 70% ethanal Microscope mounts ol the type series were prepared according lo the technique outlined by Kolesik (1995). The type series and ofher material rotumod mn 70 ethanol towether wath dried alls, ave deposited ta the South Australian Muaseun, Adeluide [SAMA], the Austrutian National Inseet Colleedao, Canberra [ANIC] and the State Herbarium of South Austraia, Adelaide [SHSA], Desenptions atid measurements refer lo the holotype und paratypes. Genus Aastrolopesta gen, new. Type species: Anwinelopesia melalenucae sp. now, Avdtlt flead: Antenna: Mlavellomeres gyneeoid in hoth scades. 12 i auiniber, first and sceond fused, longer than reowining ones, circurlila sirmple. Eye faucets close together. rounded, eye bridge G-K ficets long. Labella large. tnimeular in frontal view, Pulpus 4- scamentd. Thorius: Wins wil Ry beatin its junetore with Rs, joie C posterior lo wing apex, Rs sithated closer rooend oF Ry thie areulis, Myy present as fold, Cu forked, Pirst Girsomere with small ventroupieal loath, Claws toothed, bowed near basal third, empodia reaching bends a chews, Abdomen: Selerites entire. recuingulir, with setae sparse, distributed evenly except dense posterior coy und anterior parol trichord papitie. Male genitalia: vonocosile clongale, cylindrical wilh obtuse mesobasul lobe: gonostylus lipered distally, swollen und setitose on basal third, asetose and rilged heyond: aedeagus lon. stout. tapered distally. with several lirge asetose papillae, hypuproct bilohed, euch lobe with two seh, cerer shorter than bypoproe!, with several setaeon each lobe. Pemiule eenihiial Ovipositac pratrusible, long, cere: large, fleshy, bypoproct smill. Pupa Anteonal horns shock. wiguhin Prois on-eaeh side. one of ive lower Metal papillae setose, ane al three lateral Civil papithe setose, Prathoricie spiriele shelitly bowed, avithh tnehea reaching ils apes Abdominal segments (VT dorsally with fields of spiles an antector ball, Larva Integument of ahdominal segments coyered lorsally and laterally wath hinge spree, ventrally with small spicolue anteriorly, smooth elsewhere, Sternal spatula bilobed. Papilhte generally as iy Cecidomndi (Gagne TY89) with ventral papillae aisetose dnd 4eof ¥ terminal papillae with eornitorns setae, Anus ventral. Bnvnology Austrolopesia combines the prefix “inistre”, referrmg to Anstealia, with Lopesie, the iiime of the type venus OF the tribe Lopesiini_ Remarks Austrolopesia gen. nov, belungs to the tribe Lopesunt (vee Crayne 1994) becwuse if his the following characters; Rs wing vein ts closer te the enthof Ru than tothe arcultis. Ra is bent at its junmeture wilh Ry, chiws are bent near the basal third and the Female ceed are large and fleshy, Lopestini isa iibe al Cecidemytidae thatas not well knowin. [contains seven genera recorded previously. with eight South American, one Nonh American und three African species creating galls on plants from the families Roraginuceac, Chrysobalianuceag, Leguminosae. Melastomatacene, Polygonievac and Rosaecue (Cian & Muroliiwy 1992; Gagne 1994) Gane & Hibhard 1996; Maia 1996). The gall midge deseribeal here as the first species of this ibe known bo feed on Myrtaceae ant is the only member ef Lopestiny Khown from Austealia, Adotredapesia ditlers fron: all other gener ob this tribe in the prolonged pyipositar and, except for Cordiamyiu Maia and Crete- daeryloniyia bel iv the eynecou! male lagello- meres. “The new genus appears to be morpho. logically closest ta Crrdiahiyie. a Monospecitie eens Originally noel assmuecd to tribe level bal evidently belonging in) Lapestini (Miia 1996), Cordiumyia globosa Maia, w species Torming teal galls on Candia verbenacene DC (Boriginaceae) in South America, differs trom the new species in the following charicters. nC. glahase, the adult has a Jong ind narrow postwerticul protuberance on its head, a three-segnrented pulpus, the aedeagus is shorter than the hypaproct, the gonostylus barely Lapers aud is swollen at its basal Tourth. and the oyipositor is protrusible but shor; the pupa has long NEW CONE, MIDGE PROM MALALLUOA HALMATURORUM Ba and bilid horas al the base ob the anteninie, the prothordcic spiracles strongly bent wt its distil Fourth: the larva has cightterninal papillae all with coiform setae. In Aisrolopesia melaleucde ven, c| sponow. (he dt has ae short and wide postyertiont! protuberince on ils head, a foursezmented palpus. in acdeagus longer than the hypeproct, a tapering gonostylis which is swollen ut its basal third and lor ai peotrasible evipasitary the pupa has shor und aingihir cephalic horns, the prothoracic spiracte is slightly and evenly bents the larvae his eroht ferminal papillae, four with poiited setie and tour WH Corn rorin sete. Austrolopesta litters Irom: Lophodiplasty Gagne, ww Austin genus galling Melaleneu spp. it Gueensiund (Cine ef ah f9V7). in) severa characters. I Awstralepesia. the tarsal ehiws are corved peat (he basal urd. the anmle Thitellomeres wre gyneeoid aad bear simples closely uppressed ciretiofih. all setie On the female ceri are single, the pupa has no protuberances on the vertex and bears dorsal spines on the abdomens the larva has a sternal sputila with a lone, narrow shalt and the terminal seement beaes eight robust papillae, four with corniform setae and four with strong, short, poiited setae. In Lophodiplasiy, de tarsal claws are curved beyond the inidelength, the male Tagello- invres are bined) wilh three looped eireuntila. the lemale cere: hear setifom seusaria pi addition to the sete: the pup bas larte protuberinces on the vertes. wid ne dorsal sprites on the abdomen; the larva bas eiher a sternal spatula wilh a short, wile shall ar ne spatula at all and the derminal sexment bears two or LOU inte. setose papillae. Ansirolopesia melalencae sp, nov, (PIGS 2-18) Holo poe. 4, Coorong National Park, “Loop Road” South Australie [a0 (ES. ae al BY], Qagx, [997, rained by F Rolesik from flower galls on Melalenee falmeerorin FO Muell ex Mig. gall collected! Tix.1907 by DE Peweoek und S$. Jennings. (2741) |ISAMAI. Pavatypes: A 2 2, 2 olypal skins SAMA, 121411 - T2415], 2.2 22, pupal skin [ANIC], sme date burl emerzed 23.1%,-%8.1997; 3 larvae (SAMA, I21416- IIIS]. 2 larvae [ANIC]. collected with holotype: Other naverialy VW tarvae, collected with halutype [SAMA], Male (bigs 2-8 Colour: eyes black. head dirk brown, aitentite grey, palpi grey wilh Blick seales. (horas ane vhdomen Orange. genitalia divht brown. less arey with black scales. Antenna: seape and pedicel slightly longer than wide. last Hagellomere with apical pipple: eircumfila simple, thin: circumfilar allachinent points dense; selie short, thin, Postvertical protuberance on head short bearing 2-4 strong setae. First palpil sepment short, seeond and third Jonger, equal in lenath. fourth longest Frons with 3-4 selue per side, Wing 2.5 nin long. O.8 mm wide (n=l. the secone specimen with one wing missing and the seeond deformed in the process of mounting). Female (Figs 913) Colour as in mule. Heak frons wid 3-5 setae. Thorax: wing leneth LX moar (inge (7-1-9 n= 5), width 0,8 mm (O8-1.0) Ovipositor 2x lomwer (ran tergite 7, wilh setae evenly distribuied on segment cered With simple sctiv. setilose, iypoproagt with 2 selec. setulose. Other characters as in mule. Papa (Pigs 14 15) Coluur: antennal horns, prothoracie spiiele and dorsal spines dark brown. remaining purty pule brown. Length 18 iy (1.6-2,2. n=4y, Cephalic papillae 46 pin (46-47) lone, Frons wallh all setae short. Prothorteie spiracke 150 punt (134-074) long. Abduminal segments dorsally with elds oF 4-18 spiles ol anterior half, Larve (Pigs 16-18) Colour: orange. Length 18 ita (17-14. 1s). Mesa Wilh witennae 28 Jonger than wide, posteraliteral upademes is long us head cupsule, Sternal spatula 177 ym (57-201) long. with apical enlargement 46 pin (39-54) wide. depth of inetsion 25 pit (24-29), Bivinelogy: The name aielufeieee means “ol Meluteica’, Gall und biology fhe sexta oceais of the flawer of Melaleien holeturordin ane modihed fy the new wall nidge into un ovoid. woody gall covered with dense. grey haies (ig. 1). The pall 6-10 tim in tener and Sh nine io wich. consists of two hemispheres vonnected by a Jongitadinal suture With a small bald nipple ut the upex. Inside the gall is a small ovoid ehuniber occupicd by one larva, The ehamber wall is (5-4 mim thick, The sepals ane petily on the base oF the wall are nol modified, No seeds are produced within galled Mowers. Pupation takes place within the wall, Authe end of is development The pupa Hscrts Most of ity hody through the suture between the hemispheres of the gall, the pupal skin splits open and the adult emerges. The empty pupil skity stays wlached tothe gall Jong after wault emermence. Sune euls collected with the type series showed sinall, round openings, presummibly created by purities, 34 P. KOLESIK Remarks The new gall midge is different from Dayinenra frauvenfeldt (Schiner) (comb. nov.), a species described in 1868 from branch bud galls on Melaleuca sp. in Port Jackson, Sydney, In D. Jranenfeldi, the Rs meets C anterior to the wing upex. the aedeagus is sheathed by parameres, and the female eighth tergite is split into two longitudinal sclerites. In A. mrelaleucae, the Rs meets C posterior to the wing apex, the male parumeres are not present, and the female eighth fergum is not scleroused. fas | ‘che * 0 f m be | ) / 4 cp eral VO, 4 Way jot ~ yd) . 4 a) ! q Jrauenfeldi. Special thanks go to J. Acknowledgments | thank K. Davis for drawing my attention to the new species and D, Peacock and S. Jennings lor collecting the galls and larval stages of the type specimens. M. C. O'Leary, State Herbarium of South Australia courteously identified the host plant. R. Contreras-Lichtenberg, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna kindly loaned the type material of Dustneure D. Gray, Department of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology University of Adelaide and R. J. Gagné, Systematic Entomology Laboratory USDA Washington DC, for commenting on an early draft oF the manuscript. | 8 (| Figs 2-8 Male of Austrolapesia melalencue sp. voy. Pig. 2. Head im frontal view. Fig. 3. Tursal claw and empodium, Fig 4. First tarsomere. Pig. 5, Genitalia im dorsal view. Fig. 6. Wine. Fig. 7. Sixth flagellomere. Fig. So Last three fagellomeres. Scale bars = LOO pm 2, 8; 10 pum 4; 50 fim 4. 5.7: 500 pin 6. NEW GALL MIDGE FROM MELALEUCA HALMATURORUM 45 Figs 9-18. Austrolopesia melaleucae sp. nov. 9-13 female, 14, 15 pupa, 16-18 larva. Fig. 9. End of abdomen in lateral view. Fig. 10. Ovipositor in lateral view. Fig. 11. Ovipositor in dorsal view, Pig. 12. Sixth flagellomere, Pig. 13. Last three flagellomeres. Fig. 14. Anterior part in ventral view. Fig. 15. Prothoracie spiracle. Fig. 16. Head in ventral view, Fig, 17. Last two abdominal segments in dorsal yiew. Fig. 18. Spatula with adjacent papillae, Seale bars = 100 pm 9.13, 14. 17, 18; 50 pm 10-12, 15, l6. 36 P. KOLESIK References Bartow, B. A. (1986) Melaleuca pp. 935-946 Jn Jessop, J. P. & Toelken, H.R. (Eds) “Flora of South Australia”, Part 2, (South Australian Government Printing Division, Adelaide). DENTON, M. & GANR, G. G. (1994) Response of juvenile Melaleuca halmaturerum o flooding: Management implications fora seasonal wetland, Bool Lagoon, South Australia. Aust J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 45, 1395-1408. GAGNE, R. J. (1989) “The Plant-Feeding Gall Midges of North America” (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York). (1994) “The Gall Midges of the Neotropical Region” (Cornell University Press. Ithaca, New York). & MAROHASY, J, (1993) The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Acacia spp. (Mimosaceae) in Africa, Insecta Mundi 7, 77-124. & Hipparp, K. L. (1996) A new species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from subterranean stem galls of Licania michauxii (Chrysobalanaceae) in Florida, Florida Ent, 79, 428-434. - BALCIUNAS, J. K. & BurRRows, D. W. (1997) Six species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) in Australia. Proc. entomol. Sov. Wash. 99, 312-334. Kocesik, P. (1995) A new species of Eocineticornia Felt (Diptera: Cecidomytidac) on Eucalyptus fasciculose in South Australia. J. Aust. ent, Soc, 34, 147-152. Mata, V. C. (1996) Cordiamyia globosa gen. & sp.n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Cecidomyiidi) associado com Cordia verbenacea DC. (Boraginaceae) no Brasil. Revista bras. Zool. 13, 579-583. MENsFORTH, L, J. & WALKER, G. R. (1996) Root dynamics of Melaleuca halmaturorum in response to fluctuating saline groundwater, Plant and Soil 184, 75-84. RICHARDSON, S. B, & NARAYAN, K. A, (1995) The effectiveness of management options for dryland salinity control at Wanilla, South Australia, Agric, Water Managmt. 29, 63-83. SCHINER, J. R. (1868) Familie: Cecidomyiidae pp. 3-9 In “Novara-Expedition, Zoologischer Theil, Bd, HU, Diptera” (Wien). BAINECHINA ROSSIAE GEN. ET SP. NOV. (NEMATODA: SEURATIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIAN DASYURID MARSUPIALS By LESLEY R. SMALES* Summary Smales, L. R. (1999) Bainechina rossiae gen. et sp. nov. (Nematoda: Seuratidae) from Australian dasyurid marsupials. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(1), 37-41, 31 May, 1999. Bainechina rossiae gen. et sp. nov. (Seuratidae: Echinonematinae) is described from the stomach and small intestine of the dasyurid marsupials Planigale gilesi, P. ingrami, P. maculata and Sminthopsis macroura. It resembles Seurechina spp. most closely in body armature but can be distinguished from this genus in having a triangular not dorso-ventrally elongated mouth opening, having neither sclerotised rings between the pharynx and mouth opening, nor caudal alae into which caudal papillae extend nor peri-cloacal papillae. Bainechina rossiae is unique among the echinonematines in having papillae on the body at the level of the vulva. A key to the genera is given. Aspects of the life-cycle of B. rossiae are discussed. Key Words: Bainechina, nematodes, Seuratidae, Echinonematinae, marsupials, Dasyuridae, Australia. Tracetions of the Reval Sov lew af &. Must (1999), 12301), 37 44, BAINECHINA ROSSIAE GEN. ET SP. NOV. (NEMATODA : SEURATIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIAN DASYURID MARSUPIALS by Lesivy R. SMA ES’ Summary SMALLS. Lb RO UIY8U) Bainechina roysiee ven. eb sp. Nov, UNematods - Seuratidae) from Austilian dasyurkl tursupiils, Tray Soe S. Aust, £2300), FAL AT May, 1999, Boiechine cossive gen, er sp. noy, (Seuratidae > Lehimonematinae) is described from the stomuch and sell iitestine OF The dasyurkd marsupials Plaafeale sien Pode. Pomeeculara and Sartithapyis macranra. U resembles Savrechad spp. most closely in body arrmattire but can be distinguished from this genus in haying a Wiwular not dorse-veatully clonuated mouth opening. having penher sclerotised rites between (he pharyns und meuth opening, nor caudal alae into which caudal papillae extend nor peri-cloacal papillae. Bainechiee rossite Is Unique among the echinonemaiines in haying papillae on the body atthe level of rhe vulva, A key to (he gener is given. Aspects af the lifeewyele of AL yossige are discussed, Key WorDS: Baiecting, nematodes, Seurnimidie, Eohmoneuiilinie. mvitsupiuts, Dasyaitidge, Aistrabiin Introduction Nematodes of the finily Seuratidae are: purisites of reptiles. birds, rodents. buts and) Australian marsupials (Chubaud 1976). Al of the Australian species are contiined within (he subfamily Lehionemadinac and are found i diasyurid) or peramelid mursupil hosts. Phere are four genera, characterized by a large ttangular or dorse-ventrally elongated mouth opening with no lip lobes. an wutterior extremity With or without a swollen cephalic bulb bearing hooks, a short, simple phurynx, long slender spicules without alae, po pre-cloacal sucker onthe male und the cloucal region eovered by sivall cuticular granulations, Linsiowinemea Sinales, 1907 and Jrwlechine Chabaud. Seurewi, Beveridge, Buin & Durelte- Desset, 980 contin species with a swollen cephalic bulb bearing three rows ol large hooks whereas species Of Chabdudechind (Smales in press) have live rows of foks, These three genera all have i Wanegulay mouth opening. Seareetier Chaubaud Seurewu, Beveridge, Bum & Durette-Desset, 1980 by contrast, has a dorse-ventrally elongated mouth Gpening and hits neither a swollen vephialie bulb nor cephalic hooks. Materials and Methods Specimens dissected’ from dasyurids [rom the CSIRO Wildlife und Raneclands Collection Selool ool Biologseal id Dnwionmenlab Sctenees. Centha Quecnshined tliiversiiy Kocklinption Qld bi (CSIRO) were fixed in hot LOG Fomulin and thes stored in 70% ethanol, Speciinens from Blair Athol Mine, Central Queenstind and Yabula near Townsville, North Queensland, dissected fran dasyarids that had been fixed in 10% formalin, were stored in 70% ethanal, Specimens were exqinined aller clearing in lactophenol, Measurements, in micrometres unless otherwise stuled, were made with the aid ofa drawing tube and map niedsurer or an ocular micrometer. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube, Type specimens have been deposited in the South Australian Museunt, Adelaide (SAMA). Voucher specimens are held inthe Western Australian Museum. Perth (WAMP) and CSIRO, Canberra. Systematics Family Seurutidae (Hall. 1916) Railhiet, 1916 Subfamily Echinonematinae Inghs, [967 Bainechina gen, nov, Anterior end withoul lips or lip-like structures, bearing 2 pairs of double sub-median papillae, siighe pair oF diteral amphids. Mouth opening triangalar in outline. Cephalic region without spines of hooks, remmfider of body covered with numerous rows Of hooks or spines. Hooks on pharyngest region becoming smaller grading into spines towards posterior Armature extending over entire holy of female. Terminating anterior to cloaca of mule. Short. simple chivaform pharynx surrounded by nerve ring anterior to deinds. Deinds simple, conical Spieules equal, similar, without alae. Vulwi iS L. BR. SMALES Pigs |-12. Batnechina rosside gen, et sp. noy, L. Anterior end (literal view). 2. Anterior end (en fare view). 3. Anterior end, optical section showing laminae (lateral view), 5, Female tail (aterul view). 6, Male posterior end (ventral view). 7, Female mid-body showing papillae and vulva (left lateral view), 8. Larya. anterior end (lateral view), 9. Body hooks (lateral view), 10. Vagina (right literal view). PL. Larva. posterior end (lateral view), 12, Male. posterior end (lateral view). Scale bars = 100 pm 1. WO: SO pm 2.3.6. 7,8. 11, 12:25 um 4,9: 200 yim 5. BAINL CHINA ROSSIAL GEN, EV SP. NOV. FROM DASYURIDS 4X al mid-regron of body: monodelphic, vagina directed posteriorly. Parasites of Australian cdiasyurtd marsupials. Bainechina rossiae sp. nov. (FIGS 1-12) Holawpe A, trom small intestine of Planigale maculae (Gould, 1851), Yabulu near Townsville. Queensland (19° 11° S, 146° 36" BE), October 1997, coll, W. Houston, SAMA AHC 31286. Allotype: °, same dati, SAMA AHC 31287, Paratypes: 5 Y. same data, SAMA AHC 31288. Oiler material examined: From Planigale meet. Queensland: 5 2 F Yubulu. AHC 31289, AHC 31290, 3 99 Blair Athol Mine site, ATIC 31291, AHC 31292; Western Australias 2 22 Mitchell Plateau, WAMP 47-98, 48-98. From Planigale vilesi Aitken, 1972, New South Wales: | 4 Chinamans Lake. CSIRO N4409,) From Planigale ingrami (Thomas. 1906) Northern Territory; 2 4 9. 4 larvae, Smithburne River. CSIRO N2116. From Smiithopsis meecroure (Gould, (845), Queensland: 1 @,2 2 9 Julia Creek. SAMA AHC 31293, Description Small worms, with the characters of the genus. Body with fine cuticular annulations, Cephahe TABLE | dnd stoidard deviation. extremity without hooks or spines, remainder of body with rows of hooks, at each annulation, extending over entire body of female, 80% of body of male Body hooks becoming biggest al about row 10, decreasing in size posteriorly, grading into spines, Thirty hooks in first row, 45 hooks on mid-body rows on female, Pharynx surrounded at anterior end by 4 pairs of laminae approxunately LOO long, Pharyns simple, claviform, terminating at level of about 10th row of hooks, approximately '-'/ic body length. Nerve ring surrounding pharynx, deirids posterior to nerve ring, secretory-exeretory pore not seen. Male: (measurements Table 1), Nerve ring, deirids, secretory-exerctory pore not seen. Spicules equal, similar. without alae '/; body length, Gubernacwlum not seen. Eight pairs caudal papillae, 4 pairs lareral pre-cloacal. 2 pairs lateral post-cloacal, 2 pairs near tail up. Narrow caudal aie extending from anterior caudal papillae posterior to cloaca, Cuticular embossing surrounding cloaca, Tal ending in prontnent tip. Female: (measurements Table 1). Secretory-exeretory pore not seen, Four papillae; | left lateral, | right lateral, 2 dorsal encircle body at level of vulva. Vagina directed posteriorly: monodelphic. Tail ending in prominent spike. Eggs oval 36-43 (39) by 33-36 (34). Larvae: (measurements Table 1). Cuticle aspinous. Tail ending in prominent spike. Measurenens of Bainechina rossive sp. ey, fron Plinigale spp. Penile measurements given ay range, mea Holotype Male from Females Larvae Male P. gilesi n=l) n=4 Length {Yom 2.3mm 4.0-6.5,5,5 £0.81 mm 1225 Max. width 270 235 340-410, 380 4 48.54 R7 Phuryny length 305 26) WU-S35. 460) + 51,37 WW Anterior lo nerve fing 80-100, YO + USO a0) Anterior ta deirids OU met) Spiciile length tat) Sat Vulva to posterior 2700-3400, 3100 + 2K7.89 Tail Of 145 48-740), O40 104,00 Wa) Vagina |S8O-250. 215 =4041 — 44) LR. SMALES Litvinelagy Generic name in bonour of Dr O, Bain coupled wilh the Coeck vehinos (hedgehog, sea-urehin) following the form used by Chubaud er af. (lsc) for other eehinanematihe geneny specife name aller a collewwue, Dr P Rossi. Remarks The two fenides trom 2 jagrami (Thontas, 1906) were smaller (44 3.6 mim) compared with lemules from BF opreeilatd (46.5 min) and bad sharter (ils (150, 1o5 compared with 480-740), Noo mature cass were observed in the mferus aod so these differenves in size night be due either to the immunity of the wortis or to differences jp the HxavOn pracedipes Used, Siice no sale specimens were aviulible for study ancl the body armature of the females was the same us that fur speenmons fram B rdediare they are considered. at present, 16 he the sume species, The females from Sminthopyiy mucroure (Goull. W658) were larger (72145 mm dong compared with t- 65 nm) bur the mule (2 mm compared with 1.0 2.3 1m) was siratlar in sive to specimens (roi 2 midenlad Al the specinens front §. ecrourea had chiwacters consistent with Bo ressete vod ure considered to be the same species. tighs (1967) distinguished between pairs af pupilae and aw pair oF phusmids oy the posterior extremity of the tail oof Afotowineme, Other echinonemuline generat have three ov four pairs of papillve and a peur ol phasmids in this position (Chabaud er ah TORO, Smales $999. ir press: Smales & Rossi 1999), It is vot clear whether the two pairs of pupitlae seen on the posterior extremity of the tail of A. rassee representa pair ol papillie anda pair oF phasmids or whether the phusmids were not seen, Baliechine gen. ywox. clearly belongs in’ the Febinonematioge beewise it has an anterior end Wilh (rhimgulae mouth opening, no lip lobes and Iwo pairs of double eephulic papillae. 1b hes relauively tong (1/4) body length) simple spicules ind vuneulin embossing around the clodeu. fy beedy He Ths Most similarte the gends Sewrechine, in not Waving a swollen cephalic bulb with large cephalic hooks bul in having rows of small hooks andl spines ab cach cutichir annulation over the remarnder Of the body surface, Both penera have four pairs oof Jaminawe oat the anterior end suproundinig the pharyns, possibly with a role in Holding the cervical spines sleady when they are embedded ip the intestinal pmeasa (Chabaud ef of, IY8O; Smales (988), Baineehina can be differeatiated from Seureehing in haying the mouth opening triangilir mot doerso-ventrally clonsated and in pet having selerotised ings. erlarecd dorsally und ventrally, capping the toterior end uf the pharyox (Chabaud ef af. 980). Bauinechina rossiae his cight patrs of caudal papillae. none of which extends into fhe caudal ule as do those ol Searechina spp. (Chabaud er cal W980. Syaales 1998) None af the eaucal papnlhae Of By raxsiae is perecloucal whereas three pairs of caudal papitlte are peri-cloucw in Sewrechine spp. (Chubaud ef ad 1980. Smales 1998). Nove of the other genera Within the Echinonematinae has. papithie al the level of the vulva. OM the olber eehinonemiutines, Baineching diltors trom Linsrawinema and Mnelechine in not havitiy a swollen cephalic bully With three: rows of cephalic hooks (Chabal ef af O80; Smales l997, 19U0- Smales & Rossi 1999). Bainechinw also aillers From Chahundechine with live rows ol vephalie hooks (Sniales in press), The arvaigement of coudal papillie ty Barecdiie ts ulse anigiue (o tre Bonus. Key fo the genera ol the Eehinonematinae 1. With cephalic hooks on cephalie bulb. withour laminae... Gis, fFesiecleoplesitelesieetteslevpebitebaty pel oar tli (25 Without cephalic hooks on cephulie bulb, with Four pris TAME (PUB. FA) ic cieeceneeennreentdt 2. Three rows of hooks on cephalic bulb wi. 209) Five rows of books on cephalic hulk, 2.8.3, ¥ Hldeoamleveoie nepbet Shes loni debe eo c aban hine 3, Row SOP books Ob sonterion region Ob PAY cock Stes ereliangens Linsichiipetrine Without Heus ioks « cece Ieleohine 4, Mouth opening a cesseeeevenese cease SO MECH EE Mouth opening tianeulan., 2... Baler hina CLEC UROLO ORSINI NSS ber Discussion The larval stages recaverce Tront the luis ol Planigele ingrand (Vhomies. L906) bad plaryoyeil und cephalic morphology mdicutive of Balacehina (Hig. 8). Their recovery from the lujes, romethey with the lack of uny sexual diflerentiation suggests (hat they were third or early fourth stage larveue undergoing migration to the digestive tract befure moulling fo fourth or Filth sub adule stave hematodes, Spies were not observed on the body eudicle all these larvae, as has heen noted on fourth stage larval Linwowhena and dreleehmica (Srmles 1999: Smules & Russi 1999), possibly indicative of they being at oa less advanced stage of developinent. Linwtawiiema cine (Lista. 1898), the only species in whieh the life eyele bus been studied. develops into wn tifective third stage larva in experimentally infected Orthoptera (Chabaud ef wd L980). Dasyirids presumably BAINECHINA ROSSIAE GEN. ET SP. NOV. FROM DASYURIDS 41 become infected after eating infected arthropods. There has, however. been no record of larval migration within the definitive host, as inferred in this study, for any of the Seuratidae (Anderson 1992), Acknowledgments My thanks go to D. Spratt and 1. Beveridge for making this material available for study and to W. Houston and R. Knight for allowing me to dissect planigales and dunnarts which they had collected. References ANDERSON, R, C, (1992) “Nematode vertebrates their development and transmission” (CAB International, Wallingord), CHABALID, A. G. (1978) Keys to genera of the Superfamiles Cosmocercoidea, Seuratoidea, Heterakoidea and Subuluroidea pp, 28-48 Jn Anderson, R, C_, Chabaud, A. G. & Wilmott, S. (Eds) “CIH Keys to the nematode parasites of vertebrates” No. 6 (CAB International, Varnham Royal). . SHUREAU, C., BEVERIDGR, 1, BAIN, O. & DURETTE- Dussur, M.-C, (1980) Sur les Nematodes Echino- nematinae. Ann. Parasitol. hum. comp. 55, 427-433, Inauis, W. G. (1967) The relationships of the nematode superfamily Seuratoidea. J. Helminthol. 41, 115-136. Smares, L. R. (1997) A revision of the Echmonematinae (Nematoda : Seuratidae) from bandicoots (Marsupialia ; Perumelidae). Trans. RK, Sac, 8, Aust. 121, 1-27. parasites of (1998) New species of Semreciina (Nematoda Scuratidae) parasitic in) dasyurid marsupials from Australia. (bid. 122, 179-184, (1999) Linstowinema (Nematoda + Seuratidae) from dasyurids (Marsupiatia Dasyuridae) from Australia. Syst. Parasitol, 43, 29-39, (in press) Chabaudechina nig. (Nematoda Seuratidac) with the description of two new species from dasyurid marsupials from Australia. /bid. & Rossi. PR. (1999) Inglechina virginiae 1, sp. (Nematoda : Seuratidac) from Sminthopsis virginiae (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae) from Northern Australia. J. Helminthol. Sac. Wash, 66. 33-36. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INCORPORATED VOL. 123, PART 2 SOURCE OF FOOD ITEMS IN AN ABORIGINAL MIDDEN AT LITTLE DIP, NEAR ROBE, SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR COASTAL GEOMORPHIC CHANGE By J. H. CANN® & C. V. MURRAY-WALLACET Summary Cann, J. H. & Murray-Wallace, C. V. (1999) Source of food items in an Aboriginal midden at Little Dip, near Robe, southeastern South Australia: implications for coastal geomorphic change. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(2). 43-51, 31 May, 1999. At Nora Creina Bay, in southeastern South Australia, fossil shell of the intertidal mollusc Katelysia scalarina from outcropping sediment yielded a radiocarbon age of 56004140 y cal BP. The presence of intertidal sandflat sediments of this age, preserved in an open ocean coastal setting, implies that the western, mostly eroded side of Robe Range once sheltered quiet water embayments with intertidal sandflats. Radiocarbon ages for fossil mollusc from marine sediments landwards of Robe Range reveal that autochthonous deposition took place within an extensive Holocene coastal back-barrier lagoon environment from approximately 5500-4000 y BP. Key Words: South Australia, coastal, Holocene, Pleistocene, Aboriginal midden, mollusc, foraminifera, radiocarbon, amino acid racemisation. Transactions of tte Reval Sociencafs. Aden 1999), 12302), 43-51 SOURCE OF FOOD TTEMS IN AN ABORIGINAL MIDDEN AT LIEPTLE DIP, NEAR ROBE, SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR COASTAL GEOMORPHIC CHANGE by J. HO CANN & C_V. MurRAY-WALLACE Summary Cann, bh & MoreayeWantacn, ©. ¥, (1999) Source of food Trem inn Aboriginal midden ac bite Dip. nea Robe, southeastern South Austria! iinplications for coastal geomorphic chine. Fins. R Soc 8. Aust 12302), 44-51, 37 May, 1999. At Nora Creina Bay, i) southeastern South Australi, fossit shell of the ratertical molluse Karelia weefarine (rom juieropping sediment yielded a rudiocarbon age af 56002140 y eal BP. "The presence of intertidal sitll sediments of Tris awe. preserved in ain open ocean coastabsctting. iiplios that the western, mostly erodes! vide Wf Robe Range once shelered quiet water embayments with intertidal sandflats. Radiocarbon ages fae Lossil inolluses from Nurine sediments landwards of Robe Ringe revew) that aulochthonons depositing faok place within ao extensive Holicend goustal back-barrier higoun cnvironment from approximately SSQ0 4000 y BP. IL was originally proposed that The shells of Karedvsia cockles, gathered by Aboriginal people und now preserved within the archavostraligraphie Barly Horizon midden at Little Dip. bad originated in this back-barrier lagoon, As the Aiselusie sp. shell from the Early Horizon midden is mere than 3000 y older than Aafe/yste spp. fron the nearhy dutochthonana lavoonal sediments (ea. at Fresh Dip Lake). it now seems that the coekles were horvested from titertidal Sand(hit chvironments on the seaward side oF Lite Dip, probably hefore fimine incursion into the lnw lylia lind behind Robe Rutoge. These sandilats were ephemeral features, eroded as the protective outer murgin of Robe Runge was also rediced by the erosive force of the Southern Qeean to a Hae arc of sinall stands wad sem stichs that characterise: the present coastline, KEY Woros: South Austalia., eoasiil Holucene, Pletstocene, Aboriginal midden, motiise, locuniniters, radiocarbon, dimine acl Micenvisution. Introduction Coastal Aboriginal niddens in the vicinity of Robe. southeastern South Austdia, typicully contain shell remuins of marine molluses ane, in many instances. [ragments of flint. The materials of the older Harly Horizon sites (nomenelature of Luebbers 178) lie on the exposed surfuce of Rohe Kange wilhin terra rossa soils, Robe Range is a composite coastal barrier, comprising carbonule-quarty dune sands, whieh lormed during the interstadial highstind sew level oF oxygen isotape substine Se (Schwehel 984, Huntley erat 1993; Belperio eral. 1996). Typieally the shell remains of the Tarly Horizon middens are dontinated by speetes of Kulelysia Rower, aa jptertidal sardrlat coekle commonly found today fying i protected eoustl settigs (Ludbrook 1984); (lint fragments are not commonly present, Phe younger and more numerous Suhpolal! Bliine ii CApphed Geology) Uiniiversiy a) Sanh Austria Miiwaiit Likes Bottled Muwsen Lakes SMH SOUS ) Satou) ol Ceusejermy, Univently of Wollongong NSW 2522 LODERS RoX. CLOTS) Meats and iaenuke: costudly a prehistoric cotabseniivneats ay Seuilt Austratia, PhD thesis ANE) Canberra aa Late Horizon middens of Robe Range consist of thin beds of shell remains and (int fragments within the modern, unconsolidated dune sands that are related to the most recent postglacial marine tivisgression, The shells of these deposits, whieh aire most frequently observed as lag deposits on deflation surfaces, are mostly of Lhe (Subiinedia) undilars Solunder, a large gastropod which is currenuly HVyilig along The modern rovky shorefave. Early Florian middens record un episode of Aborigiid aecupation of coustal Robe Range that upproxinuites i Gie to the culmination of the postglacial marine uin- vression in the catty Holocene, while the Latte Horizon sites reflect more pecent occupation (Luebbers (978: Cann etal, 1991), At coastal Lille Dip. southeast of Robe, Jie shells and flint fragments. Together wilh) finely disseminated charcoul, Gecur withit, dneonselidiated dune sands and as a lag deposit across a moderns deflation surface, Shell from this deposit yielded a marine reseryour corrected radiocarbon age, calibrated ta sidereal years, of 4704100 y cal BP (Pable 1), an age corroborated by amino acid cucemisation (AAR) analysis (Cann ef el, L997), The dune sands and thei contained jrehaeolosicu) remains immeditely overlie scattered concen 44 JCANN & CY, MURRAY-WALLACE TABLE |, Radiocarbon dates un Holocene mallnses and clircaal from Little Dipand environs near Rabe, Soar Australia: ee Dated material Sample Jaeality Lauborarary code Calibrated and Mane Peseryone corrected "Cage y cal BP ac Conventional (Nag) "CO age y BP -_e eC —S—K SSSSSSFSFSSSSSF Karelysia scdlenihe and AKL nivtiphore Ko sweating Hirhis sp, bresh Dip Lake Nora Creina embayment Nora Creina Lute Horizon inidden Litthe Dip Late Horizon midden Litle Dip Eurly Horizon midden Lithe Diy Barly Horizon midden thi sp. Retelyyien ayy charveoul SUA-3028 SUA=30)19 Beta- 104572 ANU-TA? SUA2613 ANU-P44K 10410) 3760470) SGRN200) 1Qe10) 5250460) 56008140 1,620.1 11 70+00) F4O+ 140 O24) S4U4k0) 4704160 )0a)0 74ST) TOO0+ Lag 2422.0) S270+80 82108230 _ — —— — —————— trations of Kaledvsia shells and charcoal which are embedded within a terra rossi sail ao the otherwise calereted und karstilied sediments (oxygen isotope subsuige Se) oF Robe Range. Radiocarbon apes ol Y2104230 y cal BP (ANU-7448) for chareoal und 7FIOOELHO y cal BP (SUA-2613) for shell confirm an early Holocene age for the materials trom the lower deposit (Table b) These results are supported hy previously published (AAR) analyses of Meredvste shell (Cann ef af 1991), Both deposits are the result oF human activity, and thei gener setting: and exposed materials were proposed as an archieo- Straligraphie type Jocality and type sections for the tume-cultural Barly and Like Horizons of Aboriginal oecupalion in southeastera South Australia (Cann v7 a WYOL. PVR), Cann ef al, (M997) speculated about the origin of the Kare/ysie Shells as a food souree in the Eurly Horan midden ae Little Dip, These authors noted that, although the middenm is situated in close proximity to the shore. there are currently no coastal intertidal sandal environments which could have supported this edible cockle. However, they alse observed thal Aave/ywia spp. are abundant in both wulochthonous and allochthonous bioeliste sedi ments. up to sever to thick. exposed in excavations und lake beds within the Jow lying area immediately inkind (uortheast) of Rabe Range. These Holocene shell beds were deposited in a coastal back-barrics lagoon which Supported thriving populations of Nerelysia and other motluses. Cann et al, (1991) therefore coneluded Wal this lagoon represented the Most likely souree of the cockles once gathered as food by the Aboriginal people who had dived on Robe Range about 8000 yeurs age. This paper re- eviaduales the provenance of these midden materials in the light of additional field observations ind radiocarbon ages. Observations and Methods Field abservations Nora Crenit is the name given to a coustil ared uboul 7 kim southeast of Lite Dip and adjacent to Nord Creina and Stinky Bays (Hig. 1) There are thiree tnajor geomorphic elements present in this urea. The oldest of these is Robe Range, comprising the mostly consolidated aeolian calearenite that is associed with the interstudial highstiand ol) sea level, oxygen isotope substage Se, c. 105 000 y BP (Huntley er af, 1993), Since the culminadion of the post ghickal marine transgression and stabilisation of present sea level. this complex of former coustal dines has undergone extensive erosion by the Soathern Oceun and is how represented by numerous remnant sal ishines and offShore sea sticks. Many of these exhibit sections of aeolian eross beds and other dune forms (Pig. 2) and their upper surhauces are calereted. Karstified and sappork terra rossu soils, Numerous rhizamorphs atest to the role of former vepelation as an agent in carbonate diwenesis (Mis. 3). The modern beach al Nora Creina, which is broad and cachisively sundy, by the second geomorphic element. ‘The sand is curbonate-quarty in conipo- sition und derived. at lease in part, from the erosional reworking of the older acolianite of Robe Range, Some of the Robe Runge sea stacks appear to have been instrumental ins providing anchor pojots for beach construction, as regional upliltof c. 70mm per thousand years (Belperio & Cann 1990; Belperio ef ah 1996) promoted beach progradation, The beach HOLOCENE GEOMORPHIC CHANGE. COASTAL ROBE RANGE Katelysia spp. in back-barrier lagoon sediments 36802200 yr cal BP AUSTRALIA Katelysia sp. in Early Horizon Midden | 7900160 yr cal BP Errington Hole Lake Dally % Lake Pud Lake Linear array of small islands, stacks and submerged reefs define the eroded seaward margin of Robe Range Katelysia scalarina in intertidal sediments 56002140 yr cal BP his. |. Map of the study area showing the location af places mentioned in the text and some faudiocarbou ages. lb LL CANN & CV MURRAY-WALLAC'E fwe of Nora Crema Bay rests between headlands of — those of the beach, Sections (hrough some al these Ihe older aeatianite (Fig. 2). similir deolianites dunes have exposed typicul materials of! the Late olllerop alung the Stinky Bay beach (Fig. 3), Horizou middens, namely shells at furba sp. ane The beaches at Nora Crema and Stinky Bays are fragments of (Tint. bucked by a aystent of modern coastal dunes which At the southeastern extremity of Nora Creina Bay, comprise the third geomorphic element, The dune the modern high-tide beavh sunds abut a low wave sands are simile in COMposition lo. and presumably cut expostire oF poorly tO Moderately well-cemented (at Teast originally) in dynamic equilibrium with, sediments, about 1 om in height. ancl extending Pig. 2. The rocky outerojprol Robe Range avolii calcarenite, of ape oxysen jsulope substage Ic, whieh furs the southern headland of Nora Crema Bay. The dip slope towards the beac) defines (he lee side of the dune form, Motor vebicle on beach qt rig jnudivates seale. Fie. 4. Exposed section throueh a atranded aeolianite s St stack at the back of the beach five at Stinky Bay. This exposure feveals bwo sets Of deolian cross heds whieh ave variably lithified, mumerons rhivomiorplys (right), a coleneted upper SUT ITT a STU SOLON hole Lupper Heh), Holocene dune Sind pverlies the aeeliiite und a garden spud: far seale Shindls Hh hoger beaweh sand, HOLOCENE GROMORPHIC CHANGE, COASTAL ROBE RANGE 4! sever mm back Tron the headland. The base of Whe exposure is not defined. The lowermost lithology is a breeent of calcarenite chists, which are. ub least superficially, Simikir to texture and compasition to the locally oureropping aeolianite of the Robe Runge. The angular to subrounded fagments mange ny size Upwards fo the dimensions.ol cobbles and ure embedded jm aw inatrix of sind of the same composition (Migs 4,5), The texture und composition of this sediment is consistent with Having been denved from the substage Se aeolian calearenite and deposited is storm wave beach debris. The overlying bed, 10-25 em thick, ts sediment of quite different character, consisting of well preserved molliise shells id cirbonate-quartz sandy matriy (Pigs 4, 5). The northern part of the exposure ts Coastal dune of mustly unconsolidated carbonate-quartz sand eel oes Coarse rubble breecja; clasts derived from the aeolian calcarenile of Robe Range ” Figure 5 v poorly consolidated and reveals in section heth articulated and disarliculited bivalve shells ia grey, carbonute-yuat. slihily muddy sane. The unpaired shells are oriented both convex up une cerwa with several having an inbricated. fabric (Mig. 6). The southern part of the outerop reveals the fossil shells iW beth vertical and horizontal exposures within essentitlly clown. slightly better cemented. carhonate- quarty sand (Mig, 7). Bivalves include species of Anapella, Dall, Bruchiodontes, Swainson, Maen Linnaeus and Aefe/yire. anel imong the gastropods Barillaria (Batillariella) esiuarina (Tatey is most common. Front this sediment a speemmen of Kalelysia scelarita (Clammuarcky) was taken lor radiocarbon dialing and bulk sediment was also liken lor foraminiferal analysis. The palaeoenvironment Aboriginal midden of Late Horizon age with shells of Jurbo sp. 740£130 yr cal BP Poorly consolidated carbonate- quartz sand with abundant fossil sbells of intertidal mollases - Katelysia scalarina 56004140 yr cal BP Modern high tide safidy beach obscures base of breccia Pi dk Diqwninmitic scebon of the exposure at the soufhert end af the beach at Nove Crema Bay, Also shown ure the focutions of features menitoned in the test and inchidead us adeluional Figs @-8- 45 J. WH. CANN & C. V. MURRAY-WALLACE that 18 signified by these fossil molluses was at least closely similar to a modern intertidal sandflat and it is significant that such an environment once prevailed in aw coastal setting which faced the Southern Ocean. The shelly sandflat facies at Nora Creina Bay occurs up to Lm above the modern high-tide sandy beach, and approximately 1.5 m above present mean sea level. Emergence of the shell bed may be attributed to the regional tectonic uplift, 490 mm in 7 ka (Belperio & Cann 1990), with superimposed vl vr hydroisostatic adjustments. The degree of hydro- isostatic deformation for this setting is likely to be similar to that registered elsewhere at sites close to the continental shelf edge in southern Australia, such as at Port Lincoln, which records about 500 mm of emergence since the culmination of the post glacial marine transgression (Belperio 1995), Overlying these beds of the shelly sandflat facies is a dune, 5-6 m high, of vegetated, but otherwise essentially unconsolidated carbonate-quartz, sand. Included within the dune is an horizon of numerous Fig. 5. Basal rubble breeeia bed with cobble size clasts of reworked aeolian calcarenite, believed to represent storm wave beach debris. A sandy bed with preserved molluse shells overlies the breecia. Geological hammer for scale. Fig. O, Detail of fossil mollusc shells, which are here mostly disirticulated, convex upwards and partly imbricated, signilying some degree of transportation. The pen indicates scale. HOLOCENE GEOMORPHIC CLLIANGE, COASTAL ROBE RANGE. W) large shells of Tarte sp. together with an associiled lag of shells on an erosion surface. which is here interpreted ais a Late Horizon Aboriginal midden (Figs 4.8). A specimen of shell was tiken from this deposit for radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon daling Radiocarbon datine of the fossil motlitses, invelving Viquid scintillation counting of residual radiocarbon, followed che conventional methods is Gupta & documented by Poluch (1985). As pretreaiment, before sample preparation. (he fossil shells were rigorously etehed in co 4M hydrocliloric acid. The conventional tadiocarbon uges were calibrated to sidereal years using, the program of Suiver & Reimer (1993), which included a correction fer the marine reservoir effect for southern Australian ocean surface waters (450435 y | (Gillespie & Polach 1979), With [he exception ol the Turbo sp. trom Nora Creina (Beta-104522), all the radidearbon ages were calculated using estimated 613C values, Results are reported in Table I. tn ‘ a! sr a -w i 7 ’ ’ f ’ Fig. 7 Exposed upper surface ol (he shell hed. The pen indicates seule, Lig. & Shells of Vihar sp. as a tag deposit derived fron) a Late Horizon Aboriginal midden in the dune, Phe larger shells are about When din nerer, Ay, JE CANN & CV. MURRAY WALLACE Micrapulienntolor The sediment sumple eollecied from the shell bed cropping cul al Nor Crem Bay was souked in tap wilten to hieiinie disugyregition and wee sieved lo remove sediment grins , A), Ehenaceae Lens, Alcoa open ett cou mine, Anulesea, Vie 2. 0) Christophel sn, Noy. 1987, Revised deseription Leal ovate-elliptie. at least 12-13.5 cm long and AS-5.5 em wide. Apes acunimnaleauchuate wath ao short dripetips apiedl angle 22-24", Base acute, basal angle 55-70", Wipering ite a petiole, Epidermal cell wally of bolh surfaces curved to straight, although the abaxial cells ure generally larger and more strongly curved, Abaxial epidermal cells (15-40 « 13-25 pin. mean 25 x 21 pm), adaxial cells [3-25 x (13-22 pm Gneun 20 6 15 pn), Guard cells 32-38 x 7 LO gr (mean 348-9 pa), stomatal apertiires 15-18 x 710 pr (mean 17 & 8 pin). Discussiom Given the present state of flux in monoeotylecdon Classification due to realigniments stemming from Molecula’ sequencing, (he placement of The Peterm unnivcewe and Gis alleged allies is qitestionable heyond its allowation tu the Lilkinae: Liliales possibly neurthe Smilueaceaie (Chase edt 1995ah) The new fossils both support the recognition ob andleseaényix asa fasen distinet from Permian an confirm the abseryauon by Conran eral (1994) that the Jewves were probubly acrodromous. ‘The precise mature of the venition seen ir these Het vetned monocots ts also under review, will) Pole (1901, (993) referring to the weredromous multiple privury veins described by Conover (1983) us represeming, ub laastip Ripagonuay scandens | Ry & G Fort, a true brochidodromous first order venation pullern, Nevertheless. the presenee i all of the Herermenniapiis fossils af clear aeroudromous seeond order venahel supports the acrodromeaus Classification OF the priimiuy venation by Conran et ah (19), The marginal venation seen in lhe fossils ts both a genera feature and one apparently amiga wmomgst the net-veined manoeots, The dicrdeoid tree velilets extending Out from the suboitirainal tin brial vein ave also pot found in any other members of Ihis group, and could be w useful character for the idemificanon of Trigmentary Perermeainitopsts remains, There is similir variition ii the stomatal Classificagon of (hese ncteveined Laliimue., Altfough Tomlinson & Ayensu (1969), Dahlyren & Clifford (1982), Duhlwren ede (1985). Conover (991) anal Conran etal (1994) variously deseribe the cuticles of Most net-Vvered laxa as unomoeyle (including Ainilan, Pelermannia and Pelermanniopsis), Gopal & Ruza (1992) considered Sintlear to he pre- dominuitly parucyic und “irieytic’. Stabbing & Khush (1961) regarded the stomatal complex in the monocets to be a stable, taxonomically aselul lealure, although Tornlinson (1974) argued that 7 should only be used ia conjunenon with othe morphological eharaeierniies. Dileher (1974) ob- served that the stunnital complex was generally unuliceted by the environment, ulthough several different types could sometimes be found ov the sue lew. This condition. although rare (Buranowvi 1992), is known for the netveined monoecat Diexcorea wart Pe & Burk, whieh has puvaeytie. ANisowytiC ANd stuuirecyhe stomata tia addition to the more common anomocytlic pattern (Upadhyay O87), As itis not possible to study the ontogeny of the stomati in Perernaaniopsis, cells assole with Whe stomatal complex can only be classified pre- JOM intly ito pallerns Corresponding to Dilcher’s (1974) brachyparacylic and umphibrachyparacytic types (rig 4h). This is correction (o the previous report hy Conran eral. (1994) that the stom were wnomocytic. Unfortunately, these featares do nok i themselves help to relate Penvininopsrs dre REDESCRIPTION OP PETERMANNIOPSIS 65 ih a f we a 7 Pig 4. Pelermanniopsts anglescaéisis cuticles showing brachyparicytic (Br) and amphibrachyparacytic (ABr) stomati S, Site LE Lens B 2600b (isotype) upper, B. lower C. Site I Lens B, 4087 upper. Do lower FE. Site | Mesophy!l Lens. Mono | upper. B lower, G, Ebenaceae Lens, 4122 upper. H, lower. Seale burs = 40 pm. 66 JG CONBAN & BOC. CHRISTOPIEL, vlosely to other members of the net-veined Liltinue, as no other ixa have heen recorded with these slamatal types, The additional specimens tron the Ebenaeene and Mesophytl lens sea Christophel et al. (t987) are portant, as Here presence implies aw wider habitat range for Pereraunninpsis. This is based on the low parutixon overlay bebyeed the Site fand Site lenses; the Mesophyll bens dominated by mesophyll leat parataxa (as its name supgests): the Ebenuceae Lens by entire-lcaved nolophy ll leak parutixa (vert Christophelere/. 1987), Th eonteast, the Site lenses contain abundiit Myrtvecue and various other uimleseribed fasa which were either yery rare or absent from the Site 1 Jenses. The differences between the lenses were discussed by Christophel ey af, (1987) by way of comparison with the extant rainfores! community ut Noah Creek in far north Queensland (16° OFS. 145° Jo" FB). where the puichiness af the forest was reflected in the localised bias of the Titter simples. TH the habitat preferences for Pelernnunia cirrosa P Muell, at Warrie National Park, Springbrook Plateau in southeast Queenslaml (260 14S. 155° 17) bs) are exited. not unly is the vepelition similarly patchy. with Napafereies Microphyl] Mossy Forest. Notopliyll Vine) Forest (NVI and 2uealpynts nomenoides Schau. forest With or without NVE understorey. all within | ka nidits OF each other, but Peyesmannia is a relatively COMMON Giiderstorey Gompenent ih all of these environments (Conran 1986, 1991), The presence of Perertanuiapsis in several Tenses sugpests that i wits similarly a relatively: common understorey plant an the Anglesea rainforests, und one with a Tur tolerance of variation in fowl condibons. Other present diay common understorey Hel-Vvemed Australian rainforest monogots such as Similan. Ripowonun and Diescerey Gall ob whieh co eco with Pelermannin) Dave nol heen recorded amongs! the Anglesen megalossil taxa. bur giver That Seifew australiy Ro Br for example, can ovcur everywhere from dense rainforest (a dpy oper cuculypt forest, the absence of these other nel-veined monocois from the Anglesea fossil deposit mivy reflect liphonomic and preservational biases anid culiniet be taken as proad that they were iibsent from the orginal forests. Now (hit several specimens of Po aneleseatnsts Conran en af are at hand, it may be congluded that the general leal morphology suga@ested in de original deseriprion was correct and that the stondatal patterns extibiled by (he kixon are variable. whieh ts consistent willy other net veined monocot taxa. The presence of this taxon in sever diserete clay lenses at the Anglesea loculity, whose PMoristic signatures sugeest a Mmosdie patterned rainfocest sueture (Christophel ef al, 1987), alsa allows ws to conchae that the environmental tolerances of the fossil plant were equally browd as Perermentiiia ~ its nearest SUIPVIV INE relative, Acknowledaments Alco oF Australia is thanked for their cooperation und suppor te DOC, The collecting was alse supported by an ARGS grant ER31S626 to DCE. | Dowd is thanked for the preparation of the cuticular mutenih as ms the Botany Department al The University of Adelaide for the provision of favilities Ww undertake this reseureh. References BARANOvA, Mo (1992) Principles af conmparitive stanii- lographic stiklies Ob Hawerng pluiits. Bar Rey. S8, 49 YY, Ciiase, M.W,, Diovan. MLR. BLLGIS, HG. Conan, J, G.. Cos A.V, Eotuanre, bE. Wawrwrin, 2, bay, My B Chsyppiek. be Re CambRon. Ke Me. &e Hoo fs. (190Sn) Molecular phylagenetics of Liltanae pp. 109- 137 Pe Rudi Po. Cribb. B Curler Bo & Muinphiies. t. J. (ids) “Monoeotyledons: Systemuties and Pyolution” (Royal Botinie Crairdens. Kew, London), .Sreviwsos. OD. W.. WIPKis. BA RUDALL. Bd. (M9Sb) Molecular systematics: a coribiicd arnilysre {hid pp. ORS-7A0. Cyinisbolied, D.C. Tiartin, WK. & Soni, A KOC INST) The Eocene Flora of the Anglesea Louality, Vieloria Aeterimva I, 304 323. & bys. SD. C1086) Munninified leaves of twit new species of Myrticede from ihe Eeeene af Vietoria. Atietralia, Wan Ber, 34. bd pe2. Cowover, M, Uh (M883) The vewetative anatomy at the miculile-veitcd Liliane. Zefuped 2. 401-4 | 2. (199 )) Epidermal patierns Of the reneuhite veined Lil Horace and then paratelvenied alles, Bat. dba See DWT, 295-312, Cowkas. 1G) (98K) The reproduvtive and) vouchitive phenolozy af same south east Old ruintorest monocotwledons, Mra, Key Se Qht YO, 3542, — (IY9) A study of the phenolowy ol some ruidlorest monosalyledons pp. } 29-140 Tie Werren, Gt & Kershaw, Ao (Bus) Australian National Rainforess Study Report Volume 27 ONustralian Government Publishing Service. Caunberiit » Cheisvorain, D.C. & Setuyhe, be 2 C19 Metermunninpsis aigleseu(asiss An Australian fossil uel veined monaotyledon from Hoeone Victoria din, L Pl Se, 155. 816-827, Daucormy, Ro OM. & Chirvoru, HOR (1882) oT he Monocotyledons: A Comparative Study (Springer Verlag, Henin. : & Yuu, BOF (lossy wPhe Families ot Mohocotyledons” (Acadenic Press, |ondon). REDESCRIPTION OF PETERMANNIOPSIS 67 References Ditcuer, D. (1974) Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains. Bot. Rev. 40, 1-157. Gora, B. V. & Raza, 8. H. (1992) Stomatal structure as an aid to the taxonomy of Liliaceae. Asian J. Pl. Sci, 4, 51- 56. PoLr, M. (1991) A modified terminology for angiosperm leaf architecture. J. Roy, Soc. N. Z. 21. 297-312. —___ (1993) Early Miocene flora of the Manuherikia Group, New Zealand. 5. Smilacaceae, Polygonaceac, Elaeocarpaceae. /bid. 23, 289-302. SrTepBins, G. L. & Knusu, G. S. (1961) Variation in the organisation of the stomatal complex in the leaf epidermis of monocotyledons and its bearing on their phylogeny. Amer J. Bot. 48, 51-59. TOMLINSON, P. B. (1974) The development of the stomatal complex as a taxonomic character in the mono- cotyledons, Taxon 23, 109-128. & AyENSU, E. S. (1969) Notes on the vegetative morphology and anatomy of the Petermanniaceae (Monocotyledones). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 62, 17-26. Upapityay, N. (1987) Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata of Dioscorea wattii Pr. & Burk. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 66, 448-450. Wess, L. J. (1959) A physiognomic classification of Australian rain forests. J. Ecol. 47, 551-570. WILKINSON, H. P. (1979) The plant surface (mainly leaf) pp. 97-165 In Metcalfe, C. R. & Chalk, L. (Eds) “Anatomy of the Dicotyledons 2nd Edition” (Clarendon Press, Oxford). A COMPARISON OF SOME SOIL MICROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES IN SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA By ALAN F. BIRD* Summary Bird, A. F. (1999) A comparison of some soil microinvertebrate assemblages in southern Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(2), 69-75, 31 May, 1999. Microinvertebrates from five widely diverse environments have been isolated and living specimens examined. A total of 24,237 organisms was counted. They consisted of annelids, archiannelids, crustaceans, insects, molluscs, nematodes, tardigrades and turbellarians. In all instances nematodes predominated as follows: edge of lake numbers (n) 86%, taxa (t) 79%, ocean beach n 53%, t 76%, river bank n 87%, t 71%, river estuary n 93%, t 84% and wheat field n 91%, t 87%. The mean percentage of nematodes as numbers (n) and taxa (t) in these soils was n=82 and t=79. Key Words: Microinvertebrates, nematodes, diverse environments, abundance, biodiversity, meiofauna. Transactions of the Reval Soetety of S. Aust (99), PI3CDs O97, A COMPARISON OF SOME SOIL MICROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES IN SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA by ALAN F. Biriy! Summary Biko AT T9907) A comparison of some soil microtivertebrate assenibhyges in southern Austin. Cras. R. Sine, Sy Ate 1234(2), 09-75, 21 May, 19900 Mieroinvertebrites trom tive widely diverse environments have heen isolated and living specimens examined, A total ot 2237 cigunisms was counted. They consisted of unnehds, archisnnelids, erustieeins, inseets, mollises, nemtlodes, lurdigrides and lurbelhirians. In all instances nematodes predominated us follows; edge OF lake numbers (0) 86%, taxa (0 79%. oeean beach 53% 0 76%. mver bank 1 A7% 6 7 E%b river estuary 1 Ose) RAG cod swheat field Ob ATE The mean perventige ol nematodes as numbers (ni and taxa (in (hese soils Was 82 and 1=79. The fotihers al nematodes per litre of som at eaeh site ranged from S017 300 and the nuinbers OF tsi [rom He21, although some were classified only to class or phylum, These results clearly indicate the abundunec. rivhness gind dominance ol nematodes compared with other soil mieroinyeetebrates in these widely diverse habitus. Reasons for the relatively low Overall counts are discussed. Key Woltus: Microvnvertebrates, fenatades. diverse crvinninents, abundance, biadiversity, meiofaunit. Introduction Larlier research jity the Microinvertebrates of South Australian soils has indicated that nematodes predominate in all soil environments studied (Nicholas ef el. 1992. Yeates & Bird 1994). How- ever no Quantitative compurisans with other miero- Metizouns over a range Ob abihits have previously heen made. Where quantitative comparisons bet ween groups of aniily have been mude, such us on the macroinvertebrates at Goyder Lagoon (Sheldon & Puckridve 1998), it is possible lo estiblish the degree ol dominance. [np this Studdy. inseets dominated muking up 63% ol individuals and 76% of taxa. These Grganisms were collected at the soil surface by sweeping with 4 tine mesh net. However, separation of microinmvertebrates Tram the soil 1s more comples and typically involves either sieving through a range of sieves or ulilizing movement in response to reyvily i misting apparatus (Yeates & Bird 1904), Wilhin the soil, micreseopie nematodes are known fo be as biodiverse us the macrolivertebrates above (Lawton en ah (998) gd ave considered to be the Most abundint metazoduis (Bernard 1992), The principle objective of (he work reported here wits fo quantify the abundance and diversity of the main taxonomic groups of soilinhabiting tiero- Mvertebrates Wi nange of environments. VO Phy tered Boat MATCHOnE Ss, Aust, S002. Materials and Methods Suil samples were collected from five dillerent environments. All of these soils are chissitied ander the US soil classification (Soil Survey Stall 1908) as Entisols or young sandy sails. One of these was terrestrial (a wheat field) and is subchissified as an orthent willy the texture of a dey sandy loam, The remaining four were semimuqaiatic from the shore of alake, Ue edge ofa river, the shore of un estuary dod ay ocean beach, Al of these were wel sands and were Classified as aquents Terrestrial environment (1) (1) Samples were collected on 20 April 1998 fron sandy loans soil ata site (34° 14'S, 138" 19° TC) near Avon. SA. This site had been direet drilled and hada wheal/wheat rotation. The sail was moist aller rate whieh had fallen the previous week and whieh had broken the summer drought. Sei) was sampled tou depth of LES em using a 4.7 em diameter corer thus giving a sample volume of approximately 200> ml, Ten samples were collected at regular intervals giving a Final soi volume of 2.1 whieh was mixed in a plasie bag and stored in a polystyrene box lor transport hack to the laboratory, Within several hours of its collection the soil sample wits sieved through a 2 mm sieve, weighed ity SO» aliquots and placed in & misting machine for four days us deseribed previously (Yeates & Bird /994), The misting process both acrates the soil and stimulites movement of the micrometazou which ug A BIRD PAbLe lL. Livi af aces, Her localities cand cravivonmental cherdere rises, Nu, Sites Soil classification tf ‘y % Salimly see Clay Sill Sani Fig, 1) Nume GPS Reading (US) Fine Coarse Texture “Totul Soluble Salts mel! | Whe field lt dd aS Entisal ~ arthent \2 d } 79 Sanely Lown *nd (Avon) long 138° 19 E x Lake lat 35" 24'S Lntisol — aquent <|
  • 4 ; ellnill ie} WAS SWA SS W 92 95 98 Hig, 2. Seasonal fluctuations of salinity and the concurrent Water Level Index in six of the Wartervalley Wetlands. W = win- = summer. Note different scales for salinity of Cortinu Lakes and Mandina Lakes. Except for winter 1996. no read- ter: $ ing indicates that the sampling site was dry. Water Level Index Water Level Index Water Level Index Water Level Index Water Level Index Oke 8 boa oz nwa o-NnNwW BW Water Level index Bonneys Camp South WSWSWSWSWSWSWS 2 6B 9 6S 6 SF Bonneys Camp North WSWSWSWSWSWSWS 2 8B 8B GB BG SFT Cortina Lakes 5 4 3 1 4 i Wswswswswswsws 2 3S 86 SB 6 OF B Mandina Lakes WSWSWSWSWS 82 33 i a) 36 Mandina Marshes Jip Jip of watlerbirds by a oprtathe Gone erValion Orgunisalon, Wetlands aie Wildhite. ar by T) Koad PAL Brinkavorth, Vhe majority of these wetlands Fulfil the criterta for listing us Wellinds of Ttersational importance under the Ramsar Convention ante key conipenent af the projpected Wethinds Witerlink which will form a network of con- served wethinds Tromt Bowl Lagoon to (he Coorong! The dqor fanich ose The rewoncis grovinw by sheep ond cultle Much of the eraving Jand heetme availible tor agricullare voly (heeugh the digindge oF the origina wethuuds (92 o> al whieh fave been destroyed!) cid mew miuteh of that band is: Heatevicd by seb salivatiod Me waters al the routine wethinids virry fram fresl to sulme but alh wetlands that lowe been studied are subject by seasonal fuertetions i suliniuy. White & Brike described the ecatogical attributes. tis- tory ail water chemiaty ob a of the Watervelley Wetlands, ALP sis wetlands deseribed) Vip dip, Mandine Mirrshes, Manditia Lakes, Cortina Lakes afal the sauibaid North hivoons of Barneys Campy ure fed lergely by fresh LOTS suliie Water which flows gla asystent al nui inde drums Trou catchments tothe south east The sweater miches the narthenn wetlinds anly im yeurs of above aver- ave VaTNTil Tithe sitehnent dad Hews tnaugh che wet funds ig (he disted order, Corminatye: in the aarthern husead af Bonnevs Camp. Sally is tehest i tate atin vr vary winter inl lowest Ue sprang (big 2) Whether op tan fresh witer emery the system (rom the south: sue, appar willy, ndépendentiy ul cor ole Franny local ranihid Them: bs no Agen fieaiteerrehinon aeiween local raifalbin the three siittis preceeding sarupling and saliniy tar Bouneys Canip rel LOO und al Corin 10.1703), This supports (he OpHiot rar Ai eth was a minor Contrbutor 16 the weiter ri the wetlarda becwuke al the porosity al the seis im the rovhio!. The relitionstip between the avetiinds and under- Hee protaiehwoler Tas. aol been deteennnciise the factor! csi this witter depression in salinity: is still a ynatier fon Coieeture Between Augitst 1902 ined August 0d Hiereowais i gener) apwounk tml fa the towels af salinity AN Caeern Was expressed that tis Upward rend in satin Hy nitohy ceoitiitas. The prssent paper reports om the sali Hy Ob He wrthiogs sige Aus) 199d and comments on SOME PIREV TOL SIY AliNctissen] POT Salinity Was soeoyded Tpdirtedby as condueryy ity (Sem wii ACTIVON ES conductivity probe (which copeets peudiies far 25°C} ayesite gs deserbed aid ars Cissdd aurher. my aul winter spring amd sunnier (eacepl bor Ueewrter of 996) Tron, F992 fo ihe present ul Gach vl the shy Sikes Hsked above, Condiecuvity Was cot verteal ae salinity te a/he by miulfiplying conductiviry by Wood) Wolter levels ssere senred use fhe Water Lived fides OWED) af Tuntisien aid Grillus! The mdex sears witty dewels Ge seule nO cemnpry tte a (oyenlowines Seascedl DiGlaatiores Fa sulitiiy. Gogeber willl Lie waiter level indives. are shawn in Piure 2, Suliniwy has alse been recorded im (he receniby opened Didieoolum Drawn en Peherigh Rd fram the cine it was completed in Maret) 90¢ unm Ta aunprber drain whieh was Comppleted ta O08 Hub wie Cups fhe loeat groundwater Habe the miqorny ob dri inthe pewion Whieh eyrey sur face waleronly, Water Trop both of These drains enters lp: systery just soltiiol Mariding Marshes. Mean readies for (ie Drie ool Pin aid Thee ses res iomaly atennoned 4 sites us wWwellus (he bwo roudings avalible fropa (he new druid are given i Table {. Raiitid) figures are those for Vininara, the nearest long-term offical gaueing shitian tu (he study sites, und Saraeoorte, mear the centre al the cafebrient area, ald were obtained fram (he Bureau at Metcoralowy in Adehiide (995, 1994 and 1997 were yells al lower than avenge cuntall ty phe study area (04. 79 am 726 vespectively ul (he wverae OF AZO mom at Pintingen) and in ils catchinient (83. Ph aind 820) OF he average SRO rin atl Nat Gore us wie YOR TSO ait Numieoorte). tn P9495 all ol the sane pling sites except (he south kesoor al Bonneys Camp dried for periods of Up to ten manths and cap Jip. Mandina Marshes. Mami Lukes ane (he north fqeen of Boneys Comp dried completely AU but Cortina Takes and the south: bacon of Bolnevs Camp dried again i l99s. Onby the sumpliiz site i the sami: Tigeon wf Bonneys Camyp reltined walter throughout (he study but the water level Uropped vbout a metre diiting the stimmer oF 1984-95 and wii POS cil win ever the eorrespencdag peciod al 1997-95 reducing what is perily a conlnuais shiatlhoyy lake (Od Series af isilatedl basis. Althatigh the sampling site at Cortina Lakes dried tothe: hte airtmn and winker oe (99S water remained a7 olfier bux al the bike lip dip wee Utiied tor mainteninee al the outlet contrat i the suin- merol 992 and wai in he putin! [993 so (he lene itty: iry period in Wat wetkind was abporiial Prost water flowed from the draimiee systeur inte aty at the wetliucls exveype the niet) lagoon oF Bonneysy Cun during the lithe winter aad spring of O48 prc ggsstin pee [er Bulorhe few wiuleh did det reach the saath dagoen al Bentleys Comp ion alter the sprig readies Were Taker Rainfall at Naracoorte ip b¥S yas S90 mm Cong-leno aver = SNO cre) and a Tt below overime af S55 are i 1996 but this was St not sufficient ta Fill allal the wet lands alter they heal dried jthe drought, Wilh fhe return below averuwe ginlill in (207 gad LOOK all avethinds wre currently well below vapaeity or udry, When the Mow ol fresh water renched the wetlunds a (he springol 1995-(he salinity af Thoowaler quickly dropped i levels near ar below, hase ieusined i the durhier part OF ihe study i 19920 a vear ob uheye average ruutull (122% wu (39S of the loneterm mean for Tiitinari and Naracoorte respechively). The seasonal variant veported hus continued bat the genera} apward trend tn saliiiry apparently has jot. alihougl at the time of writing comdi- Toms sing cuir dime (YOR rapahall al Narseaorte was TAG fh) andl Saliniies are inereisingimec more tre 22 AW the (ve sites with near perininent water, (hepe is a signitreun! negative correhuion af salinity with Water Level Tiles: i (0586, p=bO} at Bonreys Campr Sourh and mks, py <.01) ulCortina Lukes), White & Brake’ predreted that Mancini and Cortina Lakes. wetlinds whieh could nai be Wraied bur dried only by evapomation, wen Tn danger tt becoming jicreasinly suliie Gach tine hey deed. This toes Hat appear (o be the ease at deash inthe shack term The patterns in sdinihy aire: simiihee ig all systones, The fongih of time nceded-te Hill the system atter it dries Wily NOt presiotaly appuent There bas heen pasulteienr walter ty neael che forth taoon of Banneys Camp since Walter stopped Mowing inte it in Janugry 1895 The wetlands in the south east region of Nustealin fatwe long: few peeoy Hised as CPtiid fo The COT Seri EI A GE TR Oe Walle BO TABLE 1. Salinity af selected sites at Witervalley Wetlands 1992-1998. Bonneys Bonneys Cortina Mundinis Mundina Jip Jip Didi New Camp S Canp N Lakes Lakes Marsh Drain Drain g/L el. wl. g/l. oll. all. at, oll. Mean 5.15 5.26 8.02 11.39 SAN 2.23 4.92 SD 1.79 277 &34 8,75 2.61 ORD O40) Max, 931 13,95 44.35 44.35 10.75 341 5.50 TAS Min. 2R2 ut bs) 2.3) | 52 1.00 0.93 4.04 6.28 No. 26 14 24 72 19 10) 12 2 Didi Drain = Dideoolum Drain al Petherick Ree birds of Australia’. Pitty per cent of the fresh water polen- tilly available to these wetlands is currently drained our te sea and further drains ure planned: a proportion of this new drainage Water can be diverted to the wetlands and some hos already begun to How inte the system, Evidence su lar (Table 1 and unpublished daty supplied by the South Bast Water Conservation and Drainage Board) indivates that some of the planned drains will be carrying groundwater of greater Salinity than that which has previously. entered the wetlands! bul the measured salinity of those waters 1s with- in the limits of known salinities of the wetlands, particular ly those in the vorthern part of the watercourses, Given (hese circumstances itis important to the long term viabili- ty of the Watervalley Wetlands. as well as to others in the region, thal fresh water from the current and uny future drains be made available to the wetlands wherever feasible, The Watervalley Wetlands are managed with the aim of Maximising the diversity of species present, This requires a 'NRCSA (Natural Resources Council of South Australia) (1994) Upper south east dryland salinity anc flood management plan. Supplement (Department of Lavironment and Natural Resources, Adelaide). ‘White, J. M. & Brake, L.A. (1995) Wetlands 15. 247-257. ‘Blackburn, G. (1964) The soils of County Macdonnell and Robe, South Australia, Soils and Landuse Series. No 45 (CSIRO, Australia), “Tamasier, A. & Grillas, P. (/994) Biol. Conserv, 70. 49- 47, Prith, BL J. (1967) “Waterfow! in Australia” (Angus & Robertson, Sydney). diversity of habitat and the yaried salinity ol the Watervalley Wetlands. which currently ranges tom fresh (lip Jip) to permanently sale (Mandinag Lakes). provides such diversity. Saline lakes are generally more productive than freshwater systems” but a long-term increase in sali ty in either the freshwiler wethinds or the suline ones will inevitably lead to a State of constant hypersalinity and this in turn wall lead to the exclusion of some species of Water birds and plants which currently inhabit the wetlands!" Long-term monitoning of the consequences of the addition of more saline water to the wetlands is essential ancl this paper provides baseline information for future studies, This study is supported by the Wildlife Conservation Fund of South Australia. the University of South Australia gnd Wetlands and Wildlife. | vhank the Brinkworth family for (heir hospitality and freedom of access to their proper ty. My thanks also go to T.C. Ro White for mvaluable field ussistunce and for comments on drafts of this paper, ‘Braithwaite, L. W.. Maher, M.'T., Holmes, J. & Parker, B.S. (1986) Technical Memorandum No 24, December 1986 (CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Rangelands Research, Canberra), “EWS (Engineering and Water Supply Department) (/991) Final Report. Bakers Range/Marcollat Watecreourses Working Group. Report No. EWS 7097/90, “Kingsford, R, T. & Porter, J. L. (1994) Biol. Conmsery 69, 219-228. ‘Corrick, A. H. (1982) Proc. RL Sec. Viet, 94, 69-87 ‘James, K. R. & Hart, B.'T. (1993) Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 44, 760-777. JANICE M. WHITE, Centre for Environmental and Recreation Management. University of South Australia The Levels Campus Warrendi Road Mawson Lakes S$. Aust. 5095. THE OCCURRENCE OF PACHPYGUS GIBBER (THORELL, 1859) (COPEPODA: NOTODELPHYIDAE) IN AUSTRALIAN WATERS BRIEF COMMUNICATION Summary The ascidicolid copepod, Pachypygus gibber (Thorell, 1859) was reported to occur in Australian waters by Schellenberg’. That observation has been questioned by subsequent authors. However, the finding of P. gibber in the branchial basket of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) in South Australia now confirms a southern hemisphere record for P. gibber. Since the host ascidian has been introduced into Australian waters, the commensal copepod may also have been introduced. Tranwactions of ihe Royal Society af S. Aust. (1999), 123(2). $182. BRIEF COMMUNICATION THE OCCURRENCE OF PACHYPYGUS GIBBER (THORELL, 1859) (COPEPODA: NOTODELPHYIDAE) IN AUSTRALIAN WATERS The ascidicolid copepod, Puclhypyens gibber (Thorell, 1559), was reported to occur in Australian waters by Schellenberg . That observation has been questioned by subsequent authors. However, the finding ol P. gibber in the branchial basket of the ascidian Crone fitestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) in South Australia now confirms a south- SS < Ser \ x — SS = ern hemisphere record lor 2 gibber Since the host ascidian has been introduced into Australian waters, the commensal copepod may also have been introduced. The genus can be separated into two groupings based on the morphology of the fourth leg exopodite. Very litde is known of the ascidicolous copepod fauna of hiv. |, Pacdypyens gibber (Vhorell, 1859), female. A. Lateral yiew. B, Exapodite leg 4. Pachypyaus aestrairy Gotto, 1975. female. C. Exopodite leg 4 (redrawn trom Gotto 1975). Scale bars = | mm A: 0.25 mm B.C. 82 Australia. The first and still most extensive collection was that of Schellenberg’. He recorded nine species of copepod from Australian ascidians, including Pachypyeuy gibber (as Netupteraphorus pibber), trom Ascidia glabra Aartmeyer. 1922, Untortunately. his collection was apparently lost dur- ing the Second World War, His identification of Po gibber was queried by Ile’ who nofed. in a major review of the fumily, that P gibber had a predominantly Western Adantic and Mediterranean distribution. while the allopatric species. Pomacer Wg. 1958, occurred in the Carribean and West Indies. In a series of papers, Ooishi''™' documented the occurrence of P gihber in Japanese waters and described P. errvatas Oorshi, 196) and FB ¢lohoxsus Ooishi, 1963, The subsequent description from Australia of an apparently closely related species to Po curvetus (Po auytraliy Goto, 1975), led Gott’ lo speculate that Poogibher might also occur in Australian waters, us reported by Schellenberg!, This note confirms that 2 grbber does oveur in Australian wuters, Seven female ascidicolous copepods were collected by one of us (W4) from Angas Inlet near Port Adelaide, South Australia. Que was disseeted in Jactophenol’. The dissected lemale and the six intiver specimens are housed in the South Australian muscu collection (C5846). Systematics Family Notodelphyidie Genus Puchypyuss Paclwpyens gibber (Thorell. 1859) Synonym Noreprerepharus athber Thorell, [859 Collected J] Feb 1998 from Crane itestinalis (Linnieus, 1767) collected in Angas Inlet, east of the CGurden [sland Schellenberg, A. (1922) Miu. Zool. Mus, Berlin 10, 219-274; 277-298. ‘Hg, PLL. (1958) Proc. US Nat. Mus. 107, d63-044, ‘Ooishi, S. (19614) Rep. Fac. Fish. Prefectural Uni. Mie 4, 81-86. ‘Ooaishi, 8. (196Ub) Ibid. 4. 87-92, ‘Ooishi, S. (1963u) thid, 4, 377-389 “‘Ooishi, S.(1963b) Ibid. 4 OA. public bout rump, Port Adelaide, South Australia. Total length of body, from rostrum to caudal ramus, average of 7 specimens 40 mim. Range 3.5 — 44 min (Mie, 1A), There were uo significant differcuces between the females from Australia and the detailed description of / vthher collected from Chena fitestinalis in the Bay of Naples (Mediterranean Seay" Comments, Based on the morphology of the exopodite of the fourth leg. there appear to be two groupings within Pachypyeus, The first geoup, typified hy PB gihber, has the exopodite of leg 4 as follows: three-segmented, first seg- meol shor Segments lacking ull medial setae. second seg- ment with medial setules. medial margin of third segment with rows of spinules at approximate thirds. Lateral margin of segments one and two with lateral spine, third segment with three lateral, one terminal spine (Fig. 1B), This pitt- term is followed by Pormacer and Po ylobesiy (but the bitter hus two terminal spines), The second granp, consisting of Bo curiae and Pcs frafis, has a fourth lee exopodite which is three-segmented with a very long sparsely setose first seginent. In A duis frafis. segments wo and three are partially Fused (Pig. 1), duscribed us “tongue-shaped™, second segment bearing wer unequal setae. third segment carrying five delicate selite. (wo blunt terminal spines and many small treat ly arranged tubercles. This is the frst confirmed cecord of Pacivpyens gibbes in southern hemisphere waters, However, (he host ascidian Clone itestinalis was introduced into Australia prior to 1899)" and therefore the commensal copepod may alsa be an introduction from the northern hemisphere, We ure very grateful to P. Mather, c/- Queensland Museuin for conlirming the identification of Clone fifestinatis Gotto. R.V. (1975) Bull, Zool. Mus. Uni, Armsterdam 4, 166-177. ‘Huys, R. & Bonshall, G. A. (1991) Ray Society, London 159. 1-468, ‘ly, PLL. & Dudley, PLT. (1965) Pubbl. stivione, ool Napoli 34, 373-451. "Herdman, W. A. (1899) Aust, Mus.. Sydney, Catilogne 17. 1-139, J. B. JONES, Fisheries WA e¢/- Animal Health Laboratory, 3 Raron-Hay Court South Perth WA 6151 and W, ZEIDLER, South Austialian Museum, North Terrace Adelaide S. Aust. S000. SPECIES OF GNATHOSTOMA (NEMATODA: SPIRUROIDEA) FROM BANDICOOTS AND DASYURIDS (MARSUPIALIA) FROM AUSTRALIA BRIEF COMMUNICATION Summary First discovered in a gastric tumor of a tiger in the Regent’s Park Zoological Gardens, London Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1836 occurs in a range of felid and canid hosts, including feral and domestic cats (Felis catus) and dogs (Canis sp.) from Asia, Oceania and South America’. In Australia G. spinigerum has previously been known as an uncommon parasite of cats’. Up to 1978 nine occurrences of this parasite, all from Townsville, Queensland, had been reported’. Transactions of dice Reed Saeren Gh S. Aust CLO). L2AE RAK. BRIFT COMMUNICATION SPECIES OF GNATHOSTOMA (NEMATODA: SPIRUROIDEA) FROM BANDICOOTS AND DASYURIDS (MARSUPLALIA) FROM AUSTRALIA Hirsh diseovercd Hi a gasthic Humor of a Liger Tn the Reven’’s Park Zoulopedl Gardens, London Grutheastente, cpewerimeOwel (S36 eceurs ini range of felt and cane Hosts. ocluchine Tera ane deamestie caps (Piety eaten) gine Jews (Canny spo) fret) ASP Qeednia did South Ameria in Austiilia Go yainigenan dos previnusty been kiown os ai) UCOMTITION parasite of els. Upte L978 nine pceurrences oF this pwirasile all from Towisville Queensland. had beer reportcd | Subsequently ene oecarence Was reparted tran a feral cat Fron Kinghega National Park Sew Sourh Wales’ Hwo were reported fron VO4 cates Tra Rasbaae, one (rom 17 cits Tram eonteal Austrailia one fran P88 cats from, the Norhern ‘berry: and one from 327 cats from Victoria amt Seav South Wades This: taller necordewis (isa: far Koiwheaa Nutional Park, No infeutions by (he parasite were reported: (rom surveys for Cat parasites 7 Syadney NSW Nusa or Porth Western Australia’. Gnethestonia WPI geruil Hes heen Vound i dogs On one GceasiON usin He tile WOWAT Tit suh-cunineaus eyst Fist discovensl in the Philippines, Gratlosteme dolore Vf Vubungdi. 1925, repotled as CL disaein Teclisehenkar. 1872. norniilly paras mn the stompeh ob the pie (Sis serold), his been Tounbornly once in Ausialie, Two spec Hfetis Were recawercd fon a pe trae Northern Onownstind. Te has been suggested that the pig may have beer funded ilewilly: fro Papua Tew Culm where the porusite bs Comin! A rmorthern Qual, 2anvaris ballucitus Gould. colloetea i Chinithe Creek. Northern ‘Territory (1a OAS. bab [2 Erbe Ph Hayeoek. wo 3d, vi, 1909 hod seven specimens ob a tatostonie i the daplinagrin und liver An aalerear ond appULen Ty OF Te Same Species Ol erathastome laud preyi- ousty been eolleced Tonr a brash-tiiled) phascopale. Flrcagule fipoateia (Meyer), Tram Wonsabel Staite Forest. Adherdin Queenstdnd (17° 20'S. 145° 30°) by BK, Krauss A DM Spraton $a 198. These mematades. 75-15 mim tone hud he lypieal morphology of advanced (Wird-stage larvile of Ch spunivectid, namely aecephalic bulb with rows al hodks +f hallonet-cerveul sue systtins ane rows Of single, toothed spines ever ine entire body. The YLIDNEP OP CORT Ca Radks per fow. 0 [he First row ancl dd ithe (hip pay eh One specimen, and the totaal the Hooks Whe tase thors was dhe Ly peal old spmreerrne SN oseeonel pathostonu a single specimen 2b mn lon owas TOU Tt northern brown beemdiGeor, Medan aie con ris (Cruldd Collected ov RL Nein ab Raveushod, Vueensland (17 FS. 145° 20" By on |. ik. L948). Tis speetimen hide vephatie bulbowill [rows ef hoeles yin phe 4 hullonet-eervicwl sac systenis (ypical af te genus. The eotire body surlice was aivered willl rows al spines. the AeHION Oe Third Will taihepromed spines, the postere HWwH THs WH Singles THetlicu spines. OF phe qinterion 4panes those ig the resin pmedilely postertar (a (he peck ligd 4- S prodps: die renninder Were ii-pronged. Although fea tires of a veproductive system: Cydld ror be distinguished the detiils of cephalic and body spination were sulheient to Wennly this worn as an dollar maturing: adull GL defere WO Gathostonie dolares7 is mast similar to Gy hivpidivn, which is also found a) pigs: Miyazake in his review of emuhostoniusis coled thal he lad previously re-examined specrmens Ol Gi. fiypidiin and GF dolores? atid determine That material From pigs (rant New Crimes previously iden lilied as Gi. fispidum was, tr Raet GL delores: This lever minstion was confirmed by Talbot’. Accordingly Juspidinn is vonsiderest ty be limited in geogiiphical distr bution to Asta and Horope while Gy diloresi os tounel on Asivand Ocvaniad. supporting the dendricution of the spec imen from the northern brows bandionot as Ce ditares?. The (le eyele ola pruthosiome meludes an aetive. free living. sheathed seeond stage dary winch swans i writer tT ihis fapested by a copepod whereupon [develops bite a third ste hivad These third stage hirvite iiatiire te wlyaneced third sue affer iifeered copepods are consumed by a vertebrate host cond isa lly eee if (he inusele ar otter tissue sites af the vertehriic, When iitimials lifeeted by sulvanced third ste larvae we thicmactves vote te new host may cither be unsuitable for further larval develop Wenl becoming a pulalenie Host i which the fapyae ee cheysh ara suitable line) fost whieh laevae malire Ue adilis in desionsan (he besophagus, stomplcly ap kidneys’ In the ease af the advanced: third siime larvae at oF yuiigerier lounch in D. Naflvectis and: BP tapoaeafi. these itsyuirids wppesir for be aefing ay paratenic hash. The warns wold develop jnioadalis only aller the ditsyurnd did been een by a stittable predalar. probably a feral Ga 10 Le ease of he adult qworn founda the qorthen breayn burmdiceet it is Holelear haw this infection evuld haye oeguereyh Although hundicdats ave lintely (nscerivenrsus afd ib has heen sigsest- ed Tat Hey might he pportuniste feeders on func radents its unlikely thal they would hive aecidenually ingested an AduIL sHathostaine wher scavenging a dead pig, Hi all cases. din mfeetion of the normal detiainve host, a feral car with OG) plage org domesne pi wall G doloresp bas been reported for (he sume reeion, although port (he Specific localities of the new tecords Sifee tF yPliiger sc UNGATOn tes AUStraT eis Hike ly Wo healso Uneorngor fn ollrer hosts whieh particry ie in iis life cycle. Similirly wilh the record oh ee delevest in pies, This mety. fowever, be au under represennujon ol wciiial incldenee of aiteenion ih feral pies in Nonhern Ouvenstund wfven the potential tor importation al mlectod pies into the region, whieh as-spursely populiled, Tye piber SPUTUPOL NEMEIMUe prrasites GE Me wustric (ileosa af pies, Piivsavephiatis sesativites und Simondvie perdi were found in fourel St feral pigs examined in Cape Tribu liljon National Park between April und Sune 992 but ne species al Cnarhosteme were reported". The speciiitens are deposited inthe CSIRO Wildlife ane Beology colleetion, Canberra, registration aunibers N44 1 wid 4632, tecerded as N2179 Tn Spratt eb al! und the Souh Ausealiin Miscun, Adekode recisination mnher ALIC 30272, ‘Miyazaki, L. (1991) “Helminthic Zoonoses” (International Medical Foundation of Japan, Tokyo). ‘Beveridge, I., Presidente, P. J. A. & Arundel, J. H. (1978) Aust. Vet. J. 54, 46. ‘Prescott, C. W. (1984) University of Sydney, Postgraduate Foundation in Veterinary Science, Review No. 24. Parasitic diseases of the cat in Australia. ‘Barton, M. A. & McEwan, D. R. (1993) Aust. Vet. J. 70, 270. ‘O’Callaghan, M. & Beveridge, I. (1996) Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 120, 175-176. *Coman, B. J., Jones, E. H. & Driesen, M. A. (1981) Aust. Vet. J. 57, 324-327. Gregory, G. G. & Munday, B. L. (1976) /bid, 52, 317-320. ‘Dunsmore, J. D. & Shaw, S. E. (1990) University of Sydney, Postgraduate Foundation in Veterinary Science, Review No. 31. Clinical Parasitology of Dogs. ‘Bates, M., Jones, K. & Waddell, A. H. (1983) Aust. Vet. J. 60, 285-286. "Seddon, H. R. (1967) “Diseases of Domestic Animils in Australia Part | Helminth infestations” (Commonwealth Dept of Health, Canberra). "Eduardo, S. L. (1989) Trans. Nat. Acad. Sei. Tech. (Phils.) 11, 97-102. "Yadar, A. K. & Tandon, V. (1994) Acta Parasitol. 39, 150-152. Talbot, N. T. (1969) Aust. Vet. J, 45, 548. “Gordon, G. (1995) Northern brown bandicoot /seodon macrourus pp. 174-175 In Strahan, R. (Ed.) “Mammals of Australia” (Reed Books, Chatswood). "Spratt, D. M., Beveridge, I. & Walter E. L. (1991) Rec. S. Aust. Mus., Monogr, Ser. No. 1, 1-105. "Spratt, D. M. & Pavlov, P. M. (1996) Aust. Vet. J. 74. 394-395, L. R. SMALES, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central Queensland University Rockhampton Qld 4702. VOL. 123, PARTS 3 & 4 30 NOVEMBER, 1999 Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia Incorporated Contents. Beveridge, I. & Speare, R. New species of parasitic nematodes from Dorcopsulus vanheurni Asis tees? APS from Papua New Guinea - - 85 Thomson, S. A. & Mackness, B. S. Fossil turtles ‘fin die Farly ince Bluff Downs Local Fauna, with a a ase of a new sei of Elseya - - 101 Hemer, M. A. & Bye, J. A. T. The Swell Climate of the South Australian Sea 107 Kolesik, P. & Peacock, D. E. A new species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging branch shoots of the dryland tea- tree, Melaleuca lanceolata (Myrtaceae) - - - - = - 115 Bird, A. F. Observations of some nematodes from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, including the description of a new species, Hemicycliophora fluvialis es Pest SSP Gea? from Rocky River - - - - 121 O’Callaghan, M. G. & O’Donoghue, P. J. A new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the sticknest rat, Leporillus conditor (Rodentia: Muridae) - - - - - - - - 133 Smales, L. R. Cloacinidae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) including a new species, Dorcopsinema simile, from Dorcopsulus vanheurni (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Papua New Guinea -_ - 137 Turni, C. & Smales, L. R. Progamotaenia abietiformis sp. nov. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from Onychogalea fraenata (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Central Queensland - 143 Brief Communications: Lepschi, B. J., Kolesik, P. & Gates, M. Notes on the insect fauna of the fruit galls of Anthocercis anisantha (Solanaceae) in Western Australia - - - - - - - - - 149 Lauck, B. & Tyler, M. J. Ilial shaft curvature: a novel osteological feature distinguishing two closely related species of Australian frogs - - - - - - - - - 151 Mackness, B. An additional record of a meiolaniid turtle from the Pleistocene of Northern Queensland - - - - - 153 Barker, S. Designation of lectotypes of three species of Cisseis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) - —- - - - - 155 PUBLISHED AND SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM, NORTH TERRACE, ADELAIDE, S.A. 5000 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INCORPORATED VOL. 123, PART 3 NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM DORCOPSULUS VANHEURNI (MARSUPIALIA: MACROPODIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA By I. BEVERIDGE* & R. SPEARET Summary Beveridge, I. & Speare, R. (1999) New species of parasitic nematodes from Dorcopsulus vanheurni (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Papua New Guinea. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(3), 85-100, 30 November, 1999. Seven new species of Cloacina are described from the stomach of the lesser forest wallaby, Dorcopsulus vanheurni, from a single locality, Doido, in Papua New Guinea. Cloacina syphax sp. nov. differs from all congeners by the undulating anterior margin of its buccal capsule, lack of lips and acutely pointed tips to the submedian cephalic papillae. Key Words: Dorcopsulus vanheurni, nematodes, new species, Cloacina. Tintiyactios af the Koval Secien ofS. Aust (1999), 12303). 85-100. NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM DORCOPSULUS VANHEURNI (MARSUPIALIA ; MACROPODIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA by |, Bevertpar® & R. SPEARET Summary Brynringk, 1X Sprare, KR. (1999) New species of purasidie nematodes from: Dervepsufias veriendrni (Marsupialias Maerapodidae) Fram Papua New Guines Tarn. Re Soe, & Aust, 123 (3). 85-)00, 30 November, JOQU, Seyen new species al Chaieing are described fro the stomiuch of the lesser forest Wallaby. Darcepsalay vanheurné, Crom a single leculity, Doido. in Papua New Guinea. Claadecine syphax sp. nov. differs from all congeners by the undulating anterior margin of its buceal capsule, lack of lips and acutely pointed ps to the submediin cephalic papillae. Claacini sancius sp, nov, is distinguished by the shape pf its buecal capsule which is sinuous in apical view. quidrangulur in shape and has eight medially directed lobes. Claeefic welon sp, nov. is differentiated hy its cerviea! euticular inflation, submedian cephalic papillae with obtuse distal segments, a sinuous Litterior margin to the buceal cupsule and ain unornamented oesophagus, Chactcina sapple sp. ney. ein be separated [ronvcongeners by the lomgoucule subinediin cephalic papillae and the presence of the alnphids on clevitions af the cuticle while Co scien sp. nov. is distinguished by its cervical inflation, single oesophigeul denticle, deirid at the level al ihe nerve ring and ewht leaf crown elements, Cloaedia sterepe sp. noy. can be differentiated frony congeners by the asymmetry of the bueeal capsule in fateral yiew. the presence of oesophageal bosses urid a denticle, the deirid posterior tothe nerve ring and a straight vagina, Claacor yolvaues sp. noy, 1s distinguishable by (he tiny submediin cephalic papillae, sinuous anterior margin Of the bueeu capsule and sihveytiodrical oesophagus. Additional undescribed species were found bul insulficrent Weterial was avaible to pert description. Kiiy Worns: Darcoyrndis vinliedrni nematodes, new species, Cloacina, Introduction Most species Of kangaroos and wallabies which have been examined lor the presence of internal parasites bave been found to harbour a diverse array of parasitic nematodes, the majority belonging to the supectamily Strongyloidea Weinland, 1863 (Spratt ez al 1991). However, at number of species of wallabies has apparently never been examined for helminth parasites and prominent among them are the forest Wallabies of the related genera Doreopsis Schlegel & Mueller. 1842 and Dorcupsuluy Matschie, 1916 trom Papua New Gaines During 1984, one of us (RS) fad the opportunity to collect parasites: from four speermens of the lesser forest: wallaby, Dorcopsulus vanheurn’ (Thomas, 1922), at Dodo in the Chiinbu Proyinee of Papua New Guinea (6° 33°8. 14° 50° Ey. New species of the nematode genus Cloacina von Linstow, 1898 found in the stomachs of (he aimals examined are described in this paper, * Departineat at Vefermuy Seenee. The University of Melborrne Parkville Vic, 3052. E Departical ob Public Health & Topical Medicine. fines Conk Fonivenity Tawiravalle Qld be 10 Materials and Methods Stomach contents of wallabies were preserved in 10% formalin. In the laboratory, the contents were washed to remove the formalin, nematodes were extracted, washed in water and stored in 70Ve ethanol price to examination. For identification, nematodes were cleared im lactophenol. Permanent preparations, on slides, of apical views of the mouth openine, bursa and spicule tips were made using polyvinyl lactophenol as the mounting medium, Meusurements were made using an oculae micrometer and are presented ih millimetres as the range followed by the new i parentheses, [nh instanees where all individual measurements were the same. u single figure appears before the mean in parentheses. 1 gmly two meastrements were available, the individual measurements are given. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing (ube atlwehed to an Olympus BH2 microscope using Nomarskt interference opties. Drawings of apical views of the mouth opening are presented with the dorsal aspect uppermost: drawings of the bursu have the ventral lobes uppermost Terminology for morphological featings of the venus Cloacina tollows Beveridge (1998), except AO ). BEVERIDGE & R, SPEARE Wit the term seeretury-excretory (S-E) pore is used lollowing Bird & Bird (199]), Holotype specimens have been deposited in the South Australian Museu, Adelaide (SAMA) while paratype material has been distributed benween SAMA and the British Museum (Natural History), London (BMNE), Host nomenclature wlilised ts that of Flannery (1995), Following Bevertuee (1998), the names of the new species are of classical origin, Cloacina syphax sp, nov. (FIGS 1-10) Vypes, Holotype & from stomach ol Darcepstlins tinhetrni, Dodo. Papua New Guinea, P72 vy. 1984, coll, K. Speve, SAMA AHC 31194: allotype 4, SAMA AHO 31200; paratypes: 20 29. 9 99. SAMA AHO 31201-22 1 ¢. 1 7, BMNH 1908.9,.28 21-22, Heveviplion Smal! nematodes: cervical cuticle slightly raflawd WM Hesophageal regions transverse cuifichlar anmhitions promment Subsmedian — papitae clongite, (075 lor. projecting anteriorly from peri- oral cuticles proximal sexment cylindreal, shoe. (005 Jong, shorter than owoidacule distal sepmens, QOWW long. Bueeal eapsule shallow, eviindrical, symmeticadl i dorsoventral views, circulir in apical view. Dorsal margin of buccal capsule prominently lohed wilh bifid lobes posterior to each subimedian pipilla, Bight leat crown clemenis, with Fant siriiions, arising frat (ull length of taternal wall of bread capsule, recurved at tips, Perjoral cuticle nal inflated ante lipelike lobes allached (to eaueh teal p ern element. Dorsal vesophugeal ghind tat projecting. ito buecul capsule, Oesophagis simply, elongate, claviforny; lining dnornatented: denticles absent, Nerve ping in inicd-oesephigeal region: Jeirids i anterior oesophageal region, immediately wnlerigr la nerve rings S-E pere anterior to sesophugo-infestinal junction, Male (Measurements trom 10) specimens, types) (bigs 5-8) Toul length 3795-545 (463): maxinuin width OSS (4b dimensions of paweal cupsule D0 TS 0.020 [0199 x 1.05-0,06 (0,055); oesophagus 0.47-0,60 (0,55); nerve ning in anterior end 022-026 (0.24); SE pore to unterior cod (39-0.50 (O45): deitids to anterior vod O.18-0,26 (0.21). Bursa WIThouL prominent divisions between lobes. Ventral lobes joined ventrally: lateral and ventral lobes joined, Dorsal lobe slightly longer than hateral lobes, Dorsal ray stenderaloriging primary braneblets arise al T/2 length, before major bifurcation: secondary brinelilets al V/s length: internal braneldets directed posterionly. reaching margin of bursa: external branchlets similar in leneth to internals, direewd posterolarerally, not reaching margin of bursa. Externodorsal ray arising close to lateral riya, not reaching margin ot bursa, Posterolateral and ventrolaternl rays apposed, reaching margin ol bursa; unlerolateral ray divergence shorter than other lateral rays. not reaching miteein of bursa, ventrolateral and ventrovental rlys upposed, reaching margin. of bursa, Gubermucuhim broadly triangular, 0.025, 0,030 Tong: central cordate aod paired kucral thickenings of spicule sheuths present: venital cone With prominent) anterior ip: posterior lip shorter than anterior, WILD pair of dame shaped papillies pair ol lateral inflations of cuticle presence on eirher side of anterior fips spicules elongate, 2.50-2,93 (2.73) long, alate. Tip stinple; aki diminishing in width gradually lowards tip. Merle (Measurements [rom 3 specimens, types) (Pigs 9. 1) Total length 4 14-5.13 (459): masini width 028-049 (033), dimensions oF buccal capsule 0.020 (A201 5 0.055-0.065 (C060): oesophagus 0.58-0.6| (0.59); nerve fing ty unmtecior end 0.25-0.27 (0,26). 8 EB pore Lo amunor end 037-046 (0.43): deinads to anterior end UES O24 (0,20) To simple, coment, O.13-0)19 (01-4) lonps virlva clase to arms. (20-031 (0.23) [rom posterior end: vagina stright posteriorly, witerion region twistedl, reeurrent, 100-122 (1,13) Jolie. oveyector J- shaped. infindibaluat sherter thant sphincter; ogee ellipsoidal, QO7-O,08 (07) x 00d (U),()4), Livneiloge Syphax. king of Niumidia at the rite of the second Punic wait Remurks Chraeia syphe is distinvatiyhedt (rat all congeners by the shape of the anterior margin of the huceal eapsule which is Undulite Grid has a roughly bifid, unreriorly directed lobe immediately posterior ft cach submediin pupitli, Congeners with syinmetrical buecul capsules bearing promineur anterior Jobes ace CL artenis Beyeridae. 1908, C. fiche Beveridge. 1908, ©. Invpsipyle Beveridge 1098, CL dinstow? Jabnston & Mawson, (40 ©. Hretidiy dotinston & Miywson, 1999 anid ©; Wwillahiae Johnston & Mawson, 1939, The distal semmenls of the cephalic papitlae in CL hehe, ¢ hiypaipyle, ©. fiastew) wn Co rhevidis ave obtuse at their lips rather chen aente as in Go syle © verre ind Co Wwedlahive have liplike expansions vf (he vephahe vutiele utached to each leit erawn element whieh are lacking in Co oyyptian, Pow these NEW NEMATODES FROM MARSUPIALS 87 Figs 110. Clowcina sypluce sp. nov. |. Anterior end, lateral view of ¢. 2, Cephalic extremity. lateral view, dorsal uspeet on right hind side, 3, Cephalic extremity, dorsal view, 4. Cephalic extremity, apical view. 5. Spicule tip, Jateral view. 6. Gubernaculum, ventral view. 7. Genital cone, dorsal view. 8, Bursa. apical view. 9. Pemiale tail, lateral view. 1) Ovejector and vayina, lateral view. Seale burs = 0.) mm, |, 7-10: 0.0) mm. 2-6. KY I BEVBRIDOE & BR. SPEARE jeasons, ©, syphav is Considered distinet from all CONMENEPrS, Cloacina saneus sp. ney. (FIGS 11-23) Types: Volotype 2 from stomach of Dereepsulay vetheurat. Doo, Papua New Guinea, 17,y 1984. coll Ro Speare. SAMA AHC 31194; allotype &. sume dite, SAMA AHC 3/195; paratypes, same dolar @ 3a, 2 99, SAMA ATIC AIL9@, 1, BMNEL 1998,9.28 15, Descripiion Small nematodes; cerview! cuticle tot ettited 1 vesophageal region: (ransverse coliculirannutations prominent, Sub-mediai papillae small O.010 long. projecting anteriorly from perioral cuticles: proximal segment cylindrical short, O.005 foi. as long as ovoid. obluse distal segment, 0.005 long, Buccal capsule shallow. cylindrival symmetrieal in dorsoventral wiews, fot sinudus or lobed ain Jorsoventiail Views but sifuous in apical view, with medially directed indentations postenur to cacl wiiphid and submedian papilla as well as one dorsal und one veriral indentition, Bighe teat eeown elements, With) faint striations, arising Prom full Tength of internal wall or buceal capsnle, vet reonrved al fips. Peri-oral cuticle striated. not inthited int liplike fohes artaiched to each teal erown element Dorsal und subveniral oesophageal teeus absent, Oesophigus simple, clivilorm, stably comsticted al level of nerve ving, Lining tet ormémented; denticles ubsent, Nerve ring in mid esophageal region. deirids ih anterior oesophageal region anterior to nerve cing; SB pore auteriar to LeSOpPhieoTNestin al jUNetOn. Mivde (Measurements from 9 specimens, types) (Pi hes 18-21) ‘Lot tength 4826.62 (3.84) maximum width O40-0.52 (45). dumensions of bnecul eapsule H.020-0.025 (0.022) x O.065-0.080 (0.075): OosophiLs (L680, 75 (OF bE nerve ring fo cnterior em O.34-0,38 (0,36); SE pore lo anterior end 0,55- 1.64 (060% deirids lo anterior end 022-0,27 (0.25). Bursa wohour prominent divisions belween Jobes. Ventral lobes joined ventrally; lareral and) ventral fobes joined. Dorsal lobe simikir ta length to lateral lobes. Dorsal ray divides at midlength; secondary subdivisions ab ay dength: internal branchlets direcied posteriorly, not reaching margia of bursa: external branchlets shorter than interiuls, direeted posterolaterally, mol reaching imurgin of bursa, Eaxternodorsd ray arising close te lateral rays, ml reiching omurgin of bursa, Pasterolateral anil ventroluteral rays apposed, reaching tnargin of bursic unteroluterul ray divergent, shorter (hin other kiteral rays, not reaching margin of bursa; ventrolateral and Ventroventral tyes apposed, reaching, margin of bursa. Gubernuculum broadly quadrangutir, O.025- 0.040 (0.052) long; central cordate and paired laleral thickenings of Spicule shouths present: genital cone With prominent anterior lip; posterior lip shorter than anterior lip, with pair of dome shaped papillae: pare of tiateral inflations of cuticle present on either side Of anterior lip: spicules elongate. 1.73-2.67 (2.25) log. alate, tip simple, ali diminishing ii width gradually then lermnitting abruptly inimediately aNTErLOW TO Tit, Perle (Measurements from. 3 specimens, types) (Figs 22, 23) Total length 5.5 11.2 (7-8): maximun width Oot! Q.74 (0.60); dimensions ol bueeal capsule 0.020- 0.025 (0.022) ~% O.080-0.105 (0.0001 Gesophiagis 0,720.88 (O84: nerve thig to witerior end O.38-O-1t (39) S-B pore lo anterior ent 050-074 (0,62), Jeirids to-anterioe cnd 0.21, Tail simple, conieel. 0.19. 0.21 long; vulwa close to anus, 0,30. 0.32 [ron posterior chd) vasind sinuous, 0.67, O86) long: oveyeclor J- shaped. infindibilun as lone as sphincter: cyy elfipsoielal, O07, 1.08 4 0.04, Ce, Pieanitagy Saneus. a deity of (he Sabines, Reamiairks Cloaciiat — sanedy is distingiished from all congeners except ©) beneralrerwin Johnston & Mawson, 1929 and © theadiy by the shape ol the huecal capsule, Which Ts sinuotis imupieal views. The sumuosity is distinguishable jn literal views (Ria, 14) by the presence of Iwo vertical thickenings of ihe hoceal capsule wall, Similar thickenings of the wall tire Visible in dorsal and ventral views (Pigs bo 190, In both Co bene rafiarunr und Co thetidis, the stapes ot Ihe bueeal capsule Hy apical view 6s approximate ly triangular with six indentations oF Ihe mumin, tne) sanens, the haveal capsule is roughly quedeangabar in apical view and has eight inidenkitions Gl ity MAILE, Six assechited With alphids aod subaedion papillae as well as a dorsaband a went idenitien, The wall of the buceal eapsule is strenght in lateral views in OC. seers and Co thenediy but is uadulauig in € bdaverafierian. The subinedian papillae of yereuy resemble these of Co baiteralranin, with ti short rounded distal seement, while (hose al ©) thendis Inve an vlongare. obtuse distal seement. Un (he female, the Gvejcetor of ©. theridiy is Y-shaped compared With J-shaped ovejeetors in CC. seamen and CO. bancrofiorum, while the vagiiie is roeurvent The, Aaerafiarder but nen i sae, NEW NEMATODES FROM MARSUPIALS 89 Figs (1-23. Cloueina sancus sp, nov, LL. Anterior end, literal view of 3. 12. Submediun cephalic pupil. 13. Cephalic extremily, lateral view, dorsal aspect on right hand side, 14. Cephalic extremity, dorsal view, 15, Cephalic extremity. ventral view. 16, Cephalic extremity, apical view: 17. Optical transverse section through buccal capsule. 18, Spicule tip, lateral view. 19, Gubernacalum and thickenings ot spicule sheaths, ventral view, 20, Genital cone. dorsal view. 21. Bursa, apical view, 22. Female tail. lateral view, 23, Ovejector and vagina, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, 1. 14-15. 21-23: 0.01 mim. 12, 16-20. ou) 1 BEVERTIDOR & R. SPEARE Cleactna selon sp. navy. (FIGS 24-34) Typest Holotype & from stomach of Dvorcepanliy vedfeurnr, Doido, Papua New Guitiea, 17. LOX coll, RB, Speure, SAMA AHC 31203, allolype &. sume data. SAMA QHC 31204: paratypes: 2 3 Yo, SAMA AHC 31205; 1 d. | 2.) BMNH [998,28 1B TY, Deseriprion Smiull nematodes, cervies] cuticle prominently inflated in oesdphageal regions (rainsverse cuticular unnulutions Gant on eeryicw) inflation, prominent posterion to it Sub-median papillae elongate. OO) long. projecniig anteriorly from peri-oral euvele: prisximal segment eylndriecal, short, (006 long, shorter thay oyod, obtuse distal segment. 0.042 lon, Bueenl capsule shallow, cylindricsl, synimeirical in dorsoventral views. circular mn apical view: anterior margin of buccal eapsule simuous in lateral, dorsal and ventral views, Ereht leat crown elements, with fant sttiations, arising fram tall lenath of internal wall of buccal capsule, recurved ial tips. Peri-oral cufiele not inflated into Tiptike lotes duached to each leaf crown element. Dorsal HesOphigeal tooth absent, qich sub- ventral seatoe of uesophagus WHT siagle, Iamect-like projection into bieeal capsule, Oesophagus simple, clongate, claviform: lining tnernamented; denticles absent. Nerve ring in mid-oesuphageal region: deiids in (Interior Oesophageal region, just dnterion to nerve Hite, S-E pore anterior lo Besophage-siitestinal junction, Male (Measureynents fron 10) Spectieus, types) (Figs 29-32) ‘Total length 4.8-7.6 (5.5): maximuin width 0,42 O47 (O41): dimensions of buccal capsule 0.015 O.018 (O.017) & 0L070-0.080. (0.075). oesophagus (.70-0.83 (0.75): nerve ring 10 unteriar end 0.27-0,32 (0.29): S-L pore to anterior end 0.52-0.63 (0.59): deirids wo daterior end 019-026 (0.22) Bursa WIThOUL prominent divisions between lobes, Ventral lobes joined ventrally; faleral and) ventral lobes joined. Dorsal lobe similar ion length to kiteral lobes, Dorsal ray divides at I/y length: secondary subdivisions at 2/3 dengthe internal branchlets direcied posteriorly, ulmost reaching imurgin af bursa; external branchlets shorter than internals, directed posterolaterally, not reaching margin of bursa, Externodorsal ray arising close {a Tateral rays, Hol reaching margin of bursa, Posterolateral and ventrolateral rays apposed, reaching mitrgin of bursa: anterolateral ny divergent. shorter than other lateral rays, not reaching mumin of bursa: ventrolateral and ventroventral ravs apposed, reaching imirein of bursa Gubernucntum broadly. quadrangobar, 0.025- 0.030 (0.029) long: centaal cordate and paired laurent thickeniigs of spivule sheuths present: wenial cone with prominent anterior lip: posterior lip shorter than interior, will pair of dome shaped papillae; pair ol lateral inflations o} cuuicle present on cither side ol anterior lip, spieules elongate, 2.60-2.94 (2.81) lone. alate, Lip simple: ala diminishing in width pradually, lerninawing: near Up. female (Measurements ftom LO specimens, types) (Pigs 33, 34) Total length 4,7-6.8 (6.0); maximum width 0.44 55 (0.46); dimensions of buecal capsule (,015- 0.020 (0.018) x OO80-0.090) (O.D85)2 oesaphaets 0.7 1-0.86 (0.78): nerve rmy bo anterior end 0.22-0,40 (0.27), S-E pore to anterior endl O.S3-0.67 (C61); deinids to antonor end 0.20-0,24 (0.21). Tail simple, conical, O.17-0,22 (0,19) long; vulva close fo unirs, 0.27-0,39 (0.32) from postenor enc vagina long. distal region straight. proximul region recurrent. LO9-141 (121) long; ovejectar J shaped, mln buluTn longer [han sphineler, eee not seen. Ervntology Solon. a Jamous legislator of Adis, one of the seven sages of Greece, Remurks Chacha yolow is characterised by a stiple, chiyilorm. unornamented oesophagus. submedian cephalic papillae in whieh the proximal segment ts short and the distal seyment large and obtuse und hy w buceal cupsule whieh his a regularly smuons anterior thurein, These leatures distinguish jt trem all congeners except Co drvape Beveridge. 199%, C. hebe, © hypyipyle. C. linsiowl, ©. maia Beveridge. 1998 and CL thetidix. Claueina dev, Co hehe and C. thetidis. have extremely shallow bucenl cpsules which distinguish (hem immediately from OC. selon. while © liniowi and ©. nati Jack i cervical inflation of the cuticle and have Y-shaped cevejectors rather than the J-shaped evejector found in Cl selon, Cloacina livpsipyle possesses a buecal capsule which 1s triangular in apical view father than cireular as i C. solear and Nas six leal crowrn-elements rather thin the eight nC. yefen. In addition, the spicules of ¢) hypyipyle are V.04-1.15 mm tone compared with 2,60-2.94 mm in CC. selma and the vagina of © hypsipyle is struie@ht while that af Co salen is recurrent. Cloacina sappho sp, wav (FIGS 35 - 44) Types; Holotype & from stomach of Darcepsaties verhewrnt. Deide, Papua New Gumea. | 7ov, 1984. NEW NEMATODES FROM MARSUPIALS 9) Figs 4-34. Cloucind selon sp. nov. 24, Anterior end. lateral view of d. 25, Cephalic extremity, lateral view, dorsal aspect on lef hand side. 26. Cephalic extremity, ventral view. 27. Cephalic extremity. dorsal view. 28. Cephalic extremity, apical View. 29, Bursa, upical view. 30. Genital cone. dorsal view. 31. Gubernaculum and thickenings of spicule sheaths, ventral view. 32, Spicule tip, lateral view. 33. Female tail, lateral view. 34. Ovejector and vitgina, literal view. Scale bars = 0.1 min, 24, 29, 31, 33-34; 0.01 mm, 25-28, 30, 32, 2 | BEVERIDGE & R. SPEARE Figs 35-43. Cloacina sopplie sp. nov, 35. Anterior end, lateral view of o. 36, Cephalic extremity, lateral view. dorsal aspect on left hand side. 37. Cephalic extremity, dorsal view. 38. Cephalic extremity. apical view. 39. Bursa, apical yiew. 40) Spicule tip, hueral view. 41. Gubernaculun and thickenings of spicule sheaths, ventral view. 42. Ovejector and vagina lateral View. 43. Femule tail, lateral yiew, Scule bars © 0. | mm, 35, 39, 42, 43; 0,01 mm 36-38, 40, 41. NUW NEMATODES PROM MARSUPIALS a coll BR. Spewe, SAMA AHC 31188, allotype 7, sane data, SAMA AHIC SEXY: paratypes: Po.) &, SAMA AHO 31190. Deseripticn Small nematodes; cervieal cuticle not inflated tn oesophageal redion: Ilinsverse cuticular annulidans prominent, Subemediin papillae 0.013 Tong, projecting anteriorly From perioral cuuicle. situated On elevations GF perioral cutiche: proximal segment eylindrieal, short, (L005 lone, shorter than weute, SUB eUh distil see ment, 0.009 fore, aphids on prominent coneal projections Crom peri-oral cuticle, Buccal capsule shallow. cylindrical symmetrical in hterul views, circular in apical) wews wlerion margin Of buccal capsule irregularly undulate. Bight leat crown elements, with Taint striations, alisha from Wath length of internal wall of buccal capsele, not recurved at tips, Peri-eral cuticle not iatheted inte tip- like Tubes armiehed to eaeh feat crown element Dorsal oesophageal tooth absent. Ovsophagus dple, OluVilerth, region whteria’ to herve: ig brodder (hin Unit posterior la nerve ming; lining unornantenmivds aentivles absent. Nerve ring in posterior Gesophugeal regions deirius immediately uierion to Herve ving: S-E pore anterior lo OcSOP eo TLestihal fume Len, Male (Measurements trom 4 specinions. lypes) (Pigs 4) Total Jenet 5,0-6,3 (8,7) muaximuny width 0,294 )40 (O35), dimensions OF buccal capsule Q,01S- (1.020 (0.019) s O.080-410.090) (0.085): oesophagus (.65-0.71 (0.68): nerve ring lo anterior end O-A0-O43 (O42), SE pore to dinterior end 0,58-0,60 (0.50): deirils (Oo aurerio’ end O.26-0,46 60,32), Bursa wilhoul prominent vivisions between lobes, Ventral lobes joined ventrilys Tateral and) ventral lobes joined. Dorsal lobe similar in length to literal lobes. Dorsal may divides at tnidlengthy secondary subUiVisdons finiediilcly posterior ta penmnay Vivisions Tolernal branchlets elongate, directed posteriorly, alutost reaching margin of bursas externol branehlets shorter than inernals, directed fostaralaerathy. dee reach margin of bursa, Eexternodarsidh riuy airisinge Glose to Lateral riys. not reaching marvin of bursa, Posteroliterul and ven tiohuterd rays apposeck reachim mirgin of bursa, inlerolileral ruy dryverent, shorter than other lateral riys, nmol reaching murein of bursas ventrohileral cand veritroventral cays apposed, reaching margin of bursa. Guberniculin subieiameuharn 0.030-0.040 (W037) longs central cordate ane paired) lateral thickenings oF spieule sticuths present: genital cone WITH prominent anterior lip: posterior lip shorter than anterior, with pair of dome shaped papillae: pair of fatoral Tiflations of euticle present on either side of anterior lip: spicules elongate, 130-1250 (138) long, alate. Female (Measurements trom 2 specitens, types) (Figs 42, 43) Total length 5.0. 8.10 maxsmum width O46. O54: dimensions of buccal capsule 0,020, 0.020 8 0.100, 0.070 : desoplawtis O80, 0.87; nerve tiie bo yuierion end O47. 0.53, S-§ pore lo anterior end 0,08, 0.77: deinids to anterior end (26, 0.290 Tail simple, conital. O.21,.0.25 longs valya close lo antis, 0.33. 0.36-lrom posterior end: vagina straight. (44, 050 long: oveyector J-shaped. Hifundibulum tormger thar sphineler; epe nel seen, Hivinalosy Sappho. a Creek lyric poetess. Remarks Although deseribed from a very linited series: of specimens, Co sdppiv) is inimediately distinguishable from) cull cofweners by the frregularhy undulatine unferior margin of the buccal eapsule ant by the presenee of prominent conieal projections trom the per onl cuticle, bearing the amphids. In addition, the shape of the Gesophagus, with the anterior region broader thin (he postenor reeion, distinguishes: (he new Species fron all congeners except ©. drape, Train which it diflers i biting at rehitively deeper huceul capsule. a huccul capsule that is circular in apie View rather thin dorsoventrally elongate as in Co drvepes in taving eight rather thar six Tear crown elements and Th the shape of the cephalic papillae which in ¢. drvepe terminite with iin vlongate. ObLUSE sepnient. Cloacina seiron sp. nov. (FIGS 44-54) Types: Holotype o from stomach of Darcopsulus vanhewuni, Dore, Papua New Guinea, [7 184, coll, BR, Spee. SAMA AHO 31207; allotype ‘, same dita SAMA AHO 31208; parulypes: TS 7, Id 72. SAMA AHO 31208, 312M | dg. de. BMNH 1998.28, 16-17. Description Srull nematodes: cervieal cuticle inflated i Hesophageal region, Wiflation arieiialig at level of pedieoral cuticle; Wansverse clticubial qanulitons prominent, Sub-median papillae elongate, Q.07| long, projecting anteriorly from) peri-oral cuticle; proximal segment cylindrical, (005 long, almost as long as ovoid, distal segmeok 0.006 long. Buceal capsule shallow, cylindrical, symmetrical in dorsoventral views, dorsoventrally elongate in apical 9a |. BEVERIDGE & R. SPEARE Figs 44-54, Cloavina seiron sp, nov, 44, Anterior end, lateral view of 4, 45. Cephalic extremity, lateral view, dorsal aspect on right hand side. 46. Cephalic extremity, dorsal view, 47. Cephalic extremity, apical view. 48. Optical transverse seclien through buccal capsule, 49, Spicule tip, lateral view. 50. Oesophageal denticle, Jateral view, 31. Gubernaculum and genital cone, ventral view, 52. Bursa, apical view, 53, Female tail. lateral view. 54. Ovejector and vagina, lileral view. Seale bars = 0,1 mm, 44, 52-54: 0.01 mm 45-51, NEW NEMATODES FROM MARSUPLALS 95 views anterior margin of buveal capsile arched anteriorly im lateral views, Bight lea! crown elements, with faint striations, arising from full length of internal wall of buecal capsule, not recurved al lips. Peri-oral cuticle not mflated inte lip like lobes attached to eaeh leat crawh element, Dorsal oesophageal tooth absent. Oesophagus sihiple, Clongate, chivilorm, lining: unornamented: Single dorsal denticle present in) mid-region of nesonhieus, Nerve riog i mi-ocsophageal region: dewids al devel of nerve ring: S-EE pore anterior to OvsophiZo-intestinal junetion. Male (Muasurements trom 10) speeimiens, types) (Vis 49, 51. 52) Total length 40-a.) GES): maximo with 0.26- (1.36 (L327); dimensions of buecal capsule O.008- ONTO (0.009) 5. O.04F0-0,048 (0.043): oesephagits OL4S-O.5) (O48), bere | lige to aitercior end (h24-0,27 (QQSI SE pore to uotertor end Q.37-0,50 (O45), demids (oO unterior end 027-035 (0.30). Bursa wilhoul prominent divisions between lobes. Ventral lobes yeined yentullys hueral aia ventral lohes jedied. Dorsal lobe siinilar in length 1s lateral lobes. Dorsal ray stout at origin. trunk long, divides at 2/5 lovwth; secondiny Subdivisions arise afler primary division; internal branchlets. directed) posteriorly, AlMoOxreching margin of bursa, external branchlets Os long as intemuls, direcied posterolaterally, not raaehing mnutgin of bursa. Externodorsal ray: arising close (a) Literal pays, Det reaching manwin oF bursa. Posterohilend and ventrolalertl miys apposed, reaching margin of bursa; anteroliteral ray divergent. shorter than ether huceal rays, dot reaching margin ob hurd) Ventroliterad and ventrovental mus apposed, reuching omunan ob bursa, | Clohernaculum suibtriuarular, 0.02 (0.02) lonay central eordate: aid plired Literal Uekenidgs of spieule sheaths present: seni cone wilh prominentanterior lip: posterior tip shorter than anteriog with pair of dome shaped papllhies pair oF lateral intatons Ob cuticle present anemher sie al anrertor lips spicules clonuate, 2.823- 4a0 14.00) lone. alate: ip simple, recurved: oly Uiivishine th widlly gradually wowards Lip. Prnle (Nbeasurements Tonk 10 specimens. types) (Wipes 54, 94) Toh Jederh 4.7-6.5 (-hS); maximum width O,17- U.36 (U4) dinenstons oF buccil eapsule (.000- WOVS (0.012) x O0d0-D0045 (0.0445 oesophagus UAd-55 (O40); nerve og in anterior ened () 24-0.27 (246 S-E pore to unter end O48-057 (O45)! ileinids to uneror end (25-0 94 120). Ral simple. comiath O04 -UL 22 GULLS) lam: villva close To anus, 1.290039 10.29) Frotn posterior ends vigind Slehily sinuous, O78 110 (ORR) lone: uveqector Jshuped, TAPUNTbU NT as long) as sphincter cee ellipsoid, 0.075 0.080 (0.079) x OO OES (OD Elvinology Seiren, ain Epicurean philosopher. Remarks Clogema seiron is characterised by a simple. Clayate oesophagus with a dorsal denticle at the level ol the nerve ring, the deirid at the level of the nerve ring, & Cervical culiedhi inflation and eight leat crown clements. Species which most closely resemble Co oyerron in possessing a unornamented oesopliigus and it single dorsal oesophageal denticle ure: Co cernta (Davey & Wood. 1938), ¢ dindyinene Beveridye. 1998, CL dirce Beveridge, 1998 und Co Jengapieufard Johnston & Mawson. 1939. -Cloeema cermdea differs Tram CL vei in huving a prontinent dorsal Oesophageal looth, © dindyinene and Co dice have eight teal crown elements. the deirid is in the anterior region of the oesophagus dnd. in addition. Cl edfree has lips, Cloveina longispreulata has a eerview! cuticular Inflation which terminates posterior to the level seen in C. setron. his an anteriorly placed deiriad, the SE pore ties posterior to the oesoptavo-intestinal junction and the female tailis blunt with a distinetive sinuous and slightly recurrent yagi. Cloacina sterope sp. noy (FIGS 53-67) pes. Lolotype a from stomach of Doreoporlis vanheurni. Dowo, Papua New Guinea, | 7.v. 1984, coll, Re Speare, SAMA ANC 31191; allotype © sume chit, SAMA ATIC 31192) purutypee: 8 fo) "ES SAMA AHC 31193; 1 2. BMNII 1998.9. 28.20. Deseripion Sinall nenntodes: cervical cuticle slightly mnflated i besephayeal region; transverse cunieulir AOnUh aS prominent, Sub-mediin papillae small, 0.010 Tong. projecting: anteriorly Trane pericoril culiles proximal seument cylindrical, 0.005 Tong. ats long ay ovoid, weules distal segment, (005 lone. Bueeal capsule shillow, eylindrical asynmmenical ey hateral views. with ventral will ol hueeal capsule much dhieker than dorsal willy buccal capsule Jorsoventnilly clongale Tn apleal wirws qyitertor mired of buced! capsule bowed alenords fy lateral view, coneave in dorsal aad ventral view, Eight leat vrown elements, arising from [ull length of internal will ol buccal capsanle not recurved ul rips. Peti-oral gulicle oor inflated jato tp-lke lobes auached to eal leah crown clement. Dorsal oesophigeab toa projecting prominently mia buecul capsule: cach Sub-ventrl sector OF desOphigis with hingeelike WOoth Projets Tato buecal capsule, Ooseyp leis 6 1. BEVERIDGE & R. SPEARE Figs 55-67. Cloacine sterope sp. nov, 55, Anterior end, lateral view of d. 56. Cephalic extremity, lateral view, dorsal aspeet on Jett hand side. 57. Cephalic extremity. dorsal view. 58. Cephalic eatremity. ventral view, 39, Cephalic extremity, apical view. 60. Optical transverse section through buccal capsule. 61. Oesophageal denticle, laveral view. dorsal aspect on left hand side. 62, Oesophageal denticle, dorsal view. 63. Bursa, apical view. 64, Spicule tip, lateral view. 65, Gubernaculum, genial cone and thickenings of spicule sheaths, ventral view, 66. Female tail, lateral view, 67. Oyejector and yayina, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 min 55.63, 66. 67: 0.01 mim. 56-62. 64, 65, NEW NEMATODES VROM MARSUPLIALS OF sinple, chayifown, With slight prencarah swelling: Hining ornamented with rows ol selerotised bosses extending from anterior end ta nerve ving: sine dorsal oesophageal denticle Immeditely anterior to herve rind, Nerve fing in mid-cesophagedyl reaion: derids iimedtcly posterior lo nerve ring, SFE pope it level of pesophage-intestinal jurmetion. Mele (Measurements fron 10 specimens. types) (Vips 64-64) Tolal length 45-60 (4-6); mastmuin width 0. 16- 0.37 (0.2%) cliimensions of huceal eipsute 0.015- (1.23 (0.020) s O.048-0.055 (05310 obsuphiayus 0.99 1469 (OAS nerve ring lo (interior end (33-027 (O25), Sek pore to cunterior end Q2-0)52 (O46 Neiids hy untertor end 1.280.047 (31). Bursa withour prominene divisions between lobes. Ventrul lubes jomed ventrally, lateral and ventral lobes joined, Dorsal lobe similar tn length to lateral lobes. Dorsal ray Vivides just ufler midleneth: secondary subdivisions inmedianhy after primary divisions miter branehlers directed posteriorly. not reachie inurgin Of bursa; external branchlets as ling as Hiternals, -ditected posterohuerally, nob neachine mirgion OF burs, Eaternadorsal ray arising close to literal pays. not reaching: margin of bursa. Posterphiteral and veitroliteral rays apposed, reaching murgit of bursay uiterolateral ray divergent, shorter hart other lateral rays, nel reaching margin ol horse ventratiteral and ventroventtal fays apposed. reaching margin oF basa, Guberuculun broadly trum, 0.020-0.030 (0.026) long, ventral cordate nel pated datee thiekeniogs of spicule sheaths presenly genital cone with prominent anterior lip: Posterian lip shorter (han anterior, with patol dome Shuped pupillies pair oF lateral wiflations of cuticle present On either ostde caf qaterior fips spicules elodeate, hOP 207 (1.96) Tong, ulate, Up siniples dla diminishing in width gradually then ending abruptly ally bentidle (Measivements: fram. Sapecimens, (vps) Fis 06, 67} Foil length 25.9 (44 maximond width Q,32- O44 (58), dimenstons of buccal capsule 0.0) 5- (020 (Q0TR8) & (,053-0.065 (0.062); oesophagus O.16-0,52 (0.508 ferve ring to anteriarend 0.24 0,26 (25): S-L) pore ii anterior end 035-006 (O42): deirids Lo unterior end O.28-030 (0.29). Tail simple, voniedl OL15-0,20 (019) lone: vulva close to acs, 020-034 (0.30) [rom posterior ends vague straght, V.69 088 (72) lone: ovejector J-shaped, infundibuluny longer than sphincter; ege ellipsoidal, 0.06-0.00 (O08) ¥ 0.03-0,04 (0,04), Brvinieidegey Srerope. cine al the Plots. Remarks Cloacina sterope is characterised by a buccal capsule which isasyihmetrical in lateral view, bosses lining the anterion half of the oesophageal linen, a sitle dorsil oesophageal denticle, eight lea erown elements und the deirids jnmediitely postenor to the nerve ring. OF the speeies reltted tac. yrerape, 0. annigeane Beveridge, MOOS differs a1 possessing on unlenorly phived deirid, a Simuous Vasil cml a verview! cuticular invlalion. CL aad (Yorke Maplestone. (926) differs 1h pussessiny an adtenorky placed detid, a Simwous vai und lara bosses al the anteriog extremity at the oesophagus, CL aly Beveridge, 1998 dillers im ils anteriorly placed dein, a spirally arcanged vagiow aod submedian papillae with a very Short distal segment. C. vileithyid Beveridee, 1998 dillers in the shape Of the Duce capsule Wall dnd an amber of leat crown vlements, Co fecuha Beveridge. 1998 differs in the amerion pasion of the ded and the convoluted vaeina, ©. i Beveridge, L998 Tt the anterior position of the deirids tind the slendey distal sexment to the submediin papilla Co /ete Beveridge, 1998 in the anterior deirids, the shape of fhe dorsal oesoaphawedl foath and the elonate, convoluted wagiian ©. mmer (Davey & Wood, 1938) in the amferior deiricd und the shape of the dorsal yay. C) payillate Beveridge. 1979 in the presence of six leaf crown clemunts, cephalic papillae with a short distal segment and a recurrent vain, €\ polywene Beveridve, 1998 in the anterior position of the deirid, the stipe of the buccal capstite in dorsal view with its antertor loop over (he dorsi! oesophageal tooth and the extremely short yagima and ©. rv Beveridge, 199% in the anterior deinid, the lack of Sub-ventral oesophageal teeth und the SEAUOUS Vania, Cloucinta solyurens sp. Woy, (RIGS 68-77) Types: Holotype cl from stomach of Percepsctiys ranhened, Dono, Pupua New Cuinea, 17. (98d, coll RB. Speure, SAMA ATIC ALOT: allolype v, same data, SAMA AHO 31198, Deseriion Smal!) nematodes; cervieu! cuticle not inflated in eesOphigeal region, transverse cuiticu hur ainulations prominent, Subwedian papillae very snail, 0.008 Jong. proyecuing anteriorly from slight depressions in Ihe per-oral cuticle; proximal segment cylindrical, short, 0.004 long. slightly shorter bur wider than ovoid, distal segyment. (1.005 long. Buceal capsule shallow, cylindrical. symmetrical in’ literal and Lori) views. roughly octagonal i upieal views unterionr margin of buccal capsule reguhirly simaus O8 1. BEVERIDGE & R. SPEARE Figs 64-77. Cloavine selynnis sp. ney. 68. Anterior end. lateral view of 4. 69. Cephalic extremity, lateral view, dorsal aspect on right hand side. 70, Cephalic extremity, dorsal view. 71. Submedian cephalic papilla, 72. Cephalic extremity, apical view, 73. Optical lransyerse section through buceal capsule. 74, Bursa, apical yiew. 75. Spicule tip, lateral yiew. 76, Femitle (ail. lateral view, 77. Ovejector and vagina, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, 68, 74, 76, 77; 0.01 mm, 69-73. 75. NEW NEMATODES FROM MARSUPIALS ond With anterior projection immediately posterior to wich submedian papitla. Gight leaf crown elements, arising from full length oF internal wall of buccal capsule, not recurved at tips, Per-oral cuticle not inflated into dip-like Jobes attached to each leu crown element Ovsophagus simple, af almost uniform width: linfa unomamented: denticles ubsent. Nerve ring an niid-oesophageal region: Jeirids af level ol nerve rings 5+ pore anterior to vesophageinestinal junction. Male (Measurenients Irom 2 specimens, types) (Figs 74.75) Total lengit 7-8. 4,65 maxnnum width 0,54, 0.55- dimensions of buceal capsule 0.020, 0,023 x 0.085. 0.085; oesophagus 0.85. 0.89: nerve ring fo anterior end O34, 0.37: S-R pare i anterior end O85, 0,62: Uéirids to qinterioy end O44. Us. Bursa without proamineat divisions between lobes. Ventral tobes jomned ventrally: fateral and ventral lobes joineal, Dorsal Jobe similar in length to lateral lobes, Dorsal ray divides at midlength; sceondary subdivisions at Vy lenethy iternal brimehlets directed posteriarly, nol reaching margin of bursa; external branchlets shorter than internals. directed posterokiterally, not faaching mani at bursa, Externodorsal ray arising close to dateral rays, not reachiie margin ol bursa. Posterolateral and ventrolateral rays apposed, reaching murzin of bursa: anterolateral ray divergent, shorter Than other kiteral rays, motreavhing mardi of Hursa: ventrohucrl and ventroventral rays apposed, reaching matgih oF bursa. Genital cone with prominent uolerion Hips pair of lateral jthitions af couicle present oo either side of anterior lip: spicules clongate. 4.76, 3.79 lone, ulate. ty simple: ala (imimishing tnoawidth gradtally towards tip. Pomule (Measurements trom alloryped (Figs 76. 77) Total length 3-0: naxtinurn width (32; dimensions of buucal capsule 0.023 4 0.080) oesophagus (280; herve ring (anterior cnd 0.30; S-E pore ly anterior ch O40, deinds fo anterior end 0.28. Tail simple, comet, O20) longs vulvar close to anus, 0.29 from postenor end: vain recurrent, LOS longs avejector J- shaped, infundibulum loager than sphincter: egy Nol seen Aaryinneeny Solymms. a Trojan, the riythycal wander of Soling, Remarks Although only a small series of specimens was available for examination. CL so/vnis isa distinctive few species. Pots chardeterised by a simple, UnUMaMmented oesophagus, symmetrical buecal cupsile With a sinuous anterior margin, sil cephalic papillae. deivid at the level ul the nerve ring and wrecurrent vagina, Congeners with syvimetrical buccal capsules and prominent anterior lobes ure ©. uriemis, Co hebe, © bypsipyle, Co linstenvi, ©. theridiw and C. wallebiae. The distal segments ol the cephilic papillae in C. hebe, ©. hypsipyle, C. linstawi and CL fhertdis ate uel larger than the proximal seginents ynd are obluse at their lips rulher than bemy small and narrawer than the proximal segment as-oveurs In C. selves, while Co cremis and Cc. Wwedllabioe have lip-like expansions of the cephalic citicle attached to each Teal crown clement which ace hacking tir C) selves. Cloacing setyauts ase resembles ©. svpliy, ©. Solan and C. supphe, whieh oven i the sane host, in the shape oF the biiceal capsule. but ditlers: from these species in haying very small submedian cephalic papillae. Cloacina s\, Addijional undescribed species of Cloucina were present in the stomaehs of the wallabies exaniined but were represented hy single specimens only, Description of these species Wall Haye lo await the collection of mew niyderial. The specimens have been deposed in SAMA (ATIC 311825), Discussion The descriptions of Hew species presented here midicate thal Qervopsulas vearhearny habours a diverse array of species of Clecedite. Only tour wins were available for examemation but the ubove fineings Saggest that collection of additional wallabies Will Teyeal an even greater variely of nemylodes. The helminths of mucropodid marsupials from Papua New Guibea are poorly kauwr with Most available recerds (Spruthet al, 19915 Plannery el al 1996) being based on the exainuhon ob a limited series of helminths collected from one or wo host specimens, The enlire series of Cloaeina spp. found in 2D. vwiteurn’ is pew sd demonstrates uo mixture ut affinities with subzroupungs within the genus, Cloacine sterupe, charactemsed by a asynrmernical buccal capsule and ary oesoptiages lined with busses. has aitlinities wath a series Of other species (C. antisite, Co aantratix, Co dix, Co vileirbyia, C- fewuba, C) in, Co leta, Co minor CL papillata, C. pelyvena and CL rre) which occur i a ranye ol species of miweropodids (Maerapus ageiliy (Gould. TR42), ML cdorsalin (Gray, (837), ML ervantens Shaw. 1740. ML rednisnes Gould. (S41, Wallabia dieoter (Desmarest, 1a04)) in Austria (Beveridee | 998). Cladeiia setron. by contrast, 1§ characterised by u stople, unormimented oesophagus und a single 1) I. BEVERIDGE & R. SPEARE dorsal denticle. It therefore resembles a different series of species (C. cornuta, C. dindymene, C. dirce and ©, longispiculata) again parasitic in macropodids (Macropus agilis, M. robustus, M, wuilopinus (Gould, 1842)) in northern Australia (Bevendge 1998) while C. sancus has affinities with C. bancroftorum occurring in M. dorsalis in northeastern Australia. The series of new species. C. syphax, C. selon, C. yappho and C. solymus, is characterised by a simple, unornamented oesophagus, lack of lips and a symmetrical buccal capsule with a sinuous anterior margin. While a parallel series of species (C. hebe, C. hypsipyle, C. linstowi, C. thetidiy) ovcurs in MZ. dorvaliy in Australia with similarly sinuous buceal capsule margins, the new species from Papua New Guinea are distinct in possessing eight leaf crown elements rather than six and in having the deirid either at the level of the nerve ring or just anterior to it rather than in the anterior oesophageal region. In spite of these similarities, C. syphax, C. selon, C. sappho and C. solymus differ markedly in the shape of their cephalic papillae and the branching pattern of their dorsal rays. By contrast, C. hebe, C. liypsipyle, C. linstaws, and C. thetidiy all have similar, distally obtuse cephalic papillae. The evidence available therefore suggests that the series of species C. syphax, C. selon, C. sappha and C, salymus, described here, may represent a unique subgrouping within the genus restricted to a single host species. This hypothesis remains lo be tested hoth by more detailed anatomical Comparisons of the as yet undescibed species of Cloucina present in D, vanheurni and by more extensive collecting from related host species in Papua New Guinea. Acknowledgments We wish to thank R. Harrigan for expert technical assistance. References Brveripce. 1, (1998) Taxonomic revision of the genus Cleacina vou Linstow (Nematoda : Strongyloidew) from macropodid marsupials. /avert Tavon, 12, 237-508. Biro, A. FB. & Biro, J. 1991) “Phe Structure of Nematodes” 2nd edn (Academic Press, San Diego). FLANNERY, T. F (1995) "Mammals of New Guinea” (Reed Books. New South Wales), , Martin, R. & Svalay. A. (1996) “Tree Kungaroos: a curious natural history” (Reed Books, Victoria). Serarr. D. M., Beverinar, | & Warrer. E, b. (1991) A cutulogue of Australian monotremes and marsupials and their recorded helminth parasites, Kee, S. Aust. Mirs., Monogr Ser No. 1, 1-105, FOSSIL TURTLES FROM THE EARLY PLIOCENE BLUFF DOWNS LOCAL FAUNA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ELSEYA By Scott A. THOMSON® & BRIAN S. MACKNESST Summary Thomson, S. A. & Mackness, B. S. (1999) Fossil turtles from the Early Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna, with a description of a new species of Elseya. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(3), 101-105, 30 November, 1999. The freshwater turtle fauna of the early Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna consists of members of the Emydura, Chelodina and Elseya genera. A new species of the chelid genus Elseya is described based on a partially articulated carapace and associated plastron. The new species is most similar to the living Elseya irwini Cann, 1998 but can be distinguished from it by the close encroachment of the ilium suture to the seventh pleural. It also differs from E. irwini in having a very narrow ilium suture, almost approaching the Emydura condition in this character. Two additional fossil chelids are described. Key Words: Pliocene, Bluff Downs Local Fauna, chelids, Emydura, Chelodina, Elseya, turtles. Jronsaetiony af le Royal Sovien ofS. Aas (1999), E233), LOL 15, FOSSIL TURTLES FROM 'THE EARLY PLIOCENE BLUEF DOWNS LOCAL FAUNA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ELSEYA by Scorr A. THomson” & Brian S. MACKNISST Summary PHOMSON, S.A ke MACKNESS. BOS. (1999) Kossil tudes frome the Barly Pliocene Bluff Downs docul Pun, witha description of anew species of Kiveve. Tranny, R. See, 3. Awan 12303), LOL 105, 30 November, 109 The freshwater turthe fauna of the ealy Pliveene Blull Downs Local Fauna consists of memburms. al the fonydara, Chelading iit Bevel genera, A new species of the chelid genus Alseve is described based on a purtivtly uneuhted eurdpace and associated phistron, The new specles is most stnilir tothe fiving Blseye dew iad Cin, 98 but can he distiigdished foo it by the clase enerouchment of the (ium suture Lo the seventh pleural, Ihalso differs from 2. fwd in baying a very nurroyw jliuet suture, almost approawching the Mayer eoutinoan i) Uhis character “Two additional fossil chelids are deseribedt, iy Worps: Pliocene, Blatt Downs Local Faun. clelids. Bandini, Chelodind, Elveve, turtles, Introduction Australi chelid turile Gixonomy is poorly known dnd uch in heed of review (Comger ef af, 1YK3; Thomson ef i 1997). Electrophoretic surveys hive revealed (hat Mm some instaives, currently aecepted species bounditries ace difficult to justify uma whe are currently regarded us single species are i fet IWo of More species (Georges & Adis 1992, 1996). The detailed morphological analysis required to verily these Ciodings his not been completed (Thomson & Georges, 1996; ‘Thomson ef al 1997), and until recently if was not possible to distinguish even between extant shor-neckhed venera on the basis of ostealogicul characters (Gafiney 1977), The poor koowledge of osteologieal characters suitable lor distinguishing the genera of extant forms makes ihe jdentifiction of fossils, many imcomplete, MiMicull (Phomson ef ef, 1997). In many instinees, chelid fossils have been assigned to cirher Chelodina or Lrvdure, with Tile or pe evidenee presented to eliminate the possibility that the shovt-neecked foens umoeng them may be Eleve. Rheodviey or Eliaver. Materials and Methods Specimens af the chelid turtle species identified using electrophoresis by Georges & Adams (1996) were vbuuned from inuseums. the Conservation hApplicd Ecology Research Group and CRC for Freshwater Poolowy, University of Canberra Canherne ACE 2601 {School of Biolognsil Sewnces, University of Now South Wales Kunsinvion NSW TOA2, Present address: PO Bay 360 Beerwitlt Olu W318. D-piil neealonieeconmuserve.con Commission ot the Northem Territory and the University of Canberra. Where possible, the voucher specimens of Georges & Adams (1992, 1996) were utilized lo aveid jneorreet identiticacian., Che specimen collection was supplemented by limited field sampling. All specimens were skelctonised and assessed by methods outlined in Thorsen ef al (1997). The fossil specimens from Blu Downs were collected as path of an Ofegomye study ol the piulueoecology of the Blull Downs Local Panne by one of the authors (BM). Specimens will be deposited in the Queensland Museum. Each was examined to determine the presence of character slates Tor the characters identified us being diagnostic ut the level ol genus lor extunt luxu. The fossil specimens were then assigned (a genus. Throughout (his paper. names of the bony elements ol the shell and the overlying. seutes follow those ol! “anger! (1969) except thal we follow Pritchard & Trebbau (1984) and recounize the term pleural as referring to the bones of the carapace rather than the seules. Additional fermifology geferring (a the wolerior bridge struts of the plastron and the bridge stro suture of the carapace follows Thomson er al. (1997), Five vharacters were identified ts diignostice at generic level, Where polarity is indicated, it) was determined by compurison with South American chelids und Alricun pelomedusids in a cladistic amulysis to be presented elsewhere (Thomson & Georges unpub.) Only those characters relevant to the identification Of (he fossil specimen are presented, 12 8. A THOMSON & B.S, MACKNESS Anterivr bridge struts CHAM VOT ACCOR IAT WERE MLE sd L AO: In the primitive state. the postertor edge of the bridge-curapave: suture runs parallel and adjacent 15 the rtb/gomphosis of pleural |. ALi In the derived state, Wie posterior edge of iis shture vonlaets the rib/gomphosts al ils unterior end butis set ata forward divergent angle of between 15° and 50°. This angle is most pronounced in Lmvdara, least in Rheodywey, CHARACTI RB, BRIDGE SUDHRI SITATE Bl: The anterior and posterior edges of the bridge- canipace suture diverge from their point of congruenee closest lo the vertebral column. The widest extent of the suture is distal ta the vertebral column and there is no medial constriction. B2: The anterior and posterior edges of the hridge- curupace silane are parallel or closely so with a prominent suture surface between them, There is no medial constriction. B3: The bridge carupace suture is expanded for its full length but more so at extremes, there being an obvious medial constriction. B4: The bridge-curapace salure narrows fren 1s Widest point proximal to the vertebral colunn and constticis completely to form a ridge confluent with he edge formed by the yenteal sutite of the peripheral bones, Ribfeaompluisiy of pleural 7 Chaba ten” feriartons COP HEE HERG ES: CO. The ventral surlace of the distal extent of the rib/gomphosis 18 rotated obliquely, ty face ventrally bot with posterior infleetion. Ch, The rib/gomphosis shows no such torsion distally, Dorsal charucners Chak he D. Ra WUE WITTE Veit DI: First thee vertebral seutes equal ar sub-eqaal in width. 192) First vertebral scute wider (han second and third. CARN pe EE Cpevie al Seti FO: Cervical seute typically present, bed Cervieal seute typically absent. Posterior infernal carapace characters Cyeneve fee Careeace Peis Sheree FO: Hittin sutures ty the seventh and eight pledrals and the pywal, Fl: Hin sutures fo the eighth pleural and py gal only but is directly adjacent to the suture berween the seventh ind cighth pleurals. F2: Titi sutures to the eighth pleuril and pygzal only bul is widely separated from the suture between the seventi and eighth pleural. Comparative material All names used for undeseribed species are trom Georges & Adams (1992. 1996) with modilications from Thomson et al (1997) Abbreviations used: AM. Australian Museum: NTM, Museum and Art Galleries of the Norther Temlory; OM, Queenstand Museum: WAM, Western Australian Museum: UC University of Canberra: UM. University of Michigan Field Series; UL, University of Utah. Bluser macriuruy: UC 0184-93, 0225-29 ULL Yass. P9508: Elveve dentate: NTM 13319, 13521, 16330. OM 59265, 59277-80. UC 0307-18: Miveve georges: AM |38387-88. UM O200@-175 Elsewe dew: ANWC 0520; Elyveva kivarackorun: OM F24121, OMI 31939. 31942, 31944, 31946-47, 31949 50 41952. 46284. 47908. 47911. 46544. 48547, O0255_ UCO201: Llseya fatisrernum: AM 123037, 123039, 125474-75, QM 4054-55: Flyeya deve ermine: AM 42662, 125038) Elyever purvisi; AM) | 23040, 1235042. OM 5929.90; Ainyedura mtacguarit: OM 480 LO, 48034. 48050-3512 59275-76, UC UL75-76. 0303: Emydira subelobosa; NVM. 5028, 8206, (3428, 13443, 16332. UC OL7E-72, 0177; Enivdtore tunyvbaraga: AM 125470-71. 125491. NTM 871] 8213, 17339 Lnivelera vietariae NUM (3514-14. 2917, 32976, UC 0163; Elsever sp. all 2. dentate (South Alligator: AM | 28002, | 28004, QM 59285- BY, NTM S097, 13512, 13985, UC 0304: Elyeva sp. al E darsrernuee (Gwyder): Elseya sp. all liwerackerum (Bure) UC 0305-6, QM 266- Dredd. 3H03R6, 36039. 3604 1-42. 3604447, 37033, S8533, 59269-7]; Elveve spy alle Ee lervaruckerent (lohnstone):; OM 22644, 23175, 22294, 23500, 23322, 24938, 28449. 48000. 48008. AM | 230)28- 290, (IM 48028, +8038: Preudenmiwdurd ambring ic OL78 WAM 29337; Rheadvnes levkops: UC 0173. Systematics Order Testudines Linnaeus, (754 Suborder Pleurocira Cope. (864 Family Chelidae Qgilby. 1905 Elseya nadibajagt: sp. Nov. (MiG. 1) Holompe: QM F30576. a partially articulited carupice and associated plastron collected by HH, Godthelp during the 1997 Field Season. Upper Andrews Quarry. Referred specimeity: QM '30577 also collected vu the same stle, Type Lacalin Upper Andrews Quarry (19" 44° 8, 145" 44° 2) Allingham Formation. Bluly Downs. Blut Dow.s FOSSIL TURTLES FROM BLUFF DOWNS LOCAL FAUNA 103 Hie, |, Holotwpe of Elseve needibajawy sp.nov, (A), External view of carapace. (B) Internal View of carapace. (C), Internal view al plastron. (D). External view of plastron. Scale bars = 45 crn. Stution, north-eastern Queensland. The Allingham Formation was named by Archer & Wade (1976) for a sequence of terrigenous clays, silts, sands and calcareous sands that oulerop on Bluff Downs Station. along the banks of the Allingham Creek, it tnbutary of the Burdekit River, Several different quarries have been established to exploit these outcrops. ill showing a sinha and conuguous stratigraphy (BM unpub). The sediments recovered are Muviadile vind lacustrine in nature and represent a number of depositional events, Aue Larly Pliocene, based on the radiometrically dated awe of the overlying basalts (Archer & Wade 1976: Mickness ep al in press) Dicagnoyin The fossilis identified as an Adyever by Whe prescnee of steeply angled bridge struts, features diagnostic of Eseva sensu stricto, (Thomson et ai 1997: Thomson in press) und Evrydura. The carapacial sutures for these struts are wide throughout their length, which is diagnostic of the Elseva levaraekorum group within this genus (Thomsen en al. 1997). Other diagnostic features include (he tirst vertebral scute being, wider than (he seeond and third and the absence of a cervical seule (Thomson er al 1997: Thomsov io press). Within “iveva, this species is most simmhar to, irwind (Cann, 1998) from the Burdekin River but can be distinguished from it by the close encroachment al the ilium suture to the seventh pleural, In 2. few the suture is widely spaced as is typical ol Elseya bul in £. nadibajagu they are extremely close. almost approaching the Lyivelura condition in this character. Description Carupace consists of a complete nuchal bone with no eervical seule present, The left pleural one is more complete than the nght and the antenor bridge strut has a wide sutural surface between parallel anterior tt a dnd posterior cdges of the suture throughour its leweth, which is preserved, The suture is deeply inserted inty the carapace and angled sharply away trom the cib/eomphosis. The sulci preserved in this region indicate that the first vertebral seute Wins wider than the second and thivd, NMeurals lwo to six are partially preserved on cither side bur without their peripheral contacts. Also preserved us un unurticulited unit is the lef eighth peripheral The anterior sutural surface (or the ilium is clearly constrined to this unit and does not extend on lo or make suttiral contuer with, the seventh pleural, It does however, continue on to the pyial in Ihe posterion, the typical condition of the Chelidac, All the Uiltsare represented in the plasiron except Ihe epiplasina, whieh wre either both missing or out idemifiable among the fragments. Included here also are both bridwe struts. The bridge strats are wide throughout the lenath at the stitaral surhice where They Commuel The carapace, The plastral elements, both in sulci and bony elements, are similar in form to any extant menber of the Eiveva lavarackori group. Lrynitalagy Ihe specific epithet ix from the Gugu-Yulanji dialeet phrase weed bayagu. meaning “very long time avo’ (Oates er al. 1964) and is used to dendte the significant dge of the fossil, The patie is of neuter fender, Chelodina sp. Material evanined: QM P30578, ai isolated nachal bone fron ud lone necked (irtle of the Chelodina lonwicallis group, Remarks [his specimen cun be diagnosed by the extreme widening of the posterior hall ofthe nuehul bone as wellas (he wade, square cervicul seule. There is alee # large series OF musele attachments Torihe muscles at the base uf ihe meek which, by necessity, are enlarged in the longneeked turtles (Thomson & Ceomes 1996), The pliawement within the ¢) longicollis group is bused on the sculptured surtiee ofthe shell, u feature more prevalent in species sueh as C2 luagleullis and C2 navaceninese than in members ol ihe C. expunse group. This is, however, it highly variable Churacter and: probably of poor luxonomic value (Galfney LOS tl; Thomson in press) Enveliied macquant Material examined: QM F 30579, a series oF pleurals Wl diagnostic of the genus Eyer usiig the bridge strut characters of Thomson ef c/. (1997). A THOMSON & BOS. MACIKNESS Remarks Nene of the pleurals is distinguishable fron) thase OF extint species ithe urea, Eeyore moecquarit (= EB. krefitii. Georges & Adums 1996) and we therefore lake (he most parsinmonious view and assign the fossil to the living speeies whieh is found in Allinghain Creek today, Discussion The living species that Most closely sesembles Llseya dadibqagu sp, noy, is E. trvini deseribed by Cann (1998) on the basis OF its head colour Geores & Adunw (1896) have confirmed the vahiiiy ab &. (rwint on the basis oF electrophoretic studies. Wer OF these liaxemomie indicators (head colour cae biochemistry) faye nob been preserved im (he fossil nilerial, The use of osteologicnl characters. suet is the positien of the iiunmi/edtrupaee suru. bas enabled the separation OE, nddibajagd fram other members of the genus Elyeve. There is a possibility, however. hit Whis character muy be subjeet Loa lol more variition (hun van he seen in the limited sumple of both Bo drwiat and A nadibajagu, although unalyses OF variation present i other inembers Of the genus makes (his unlikely, Repliles huve a lower rate of species turnover than thei Mammalian counterparts with mittry exit species having Tossil records stretehing back millions of years (Lo Duke (994), White & Archer (1994) described the fossil ehelid Lniydura levararkorin trom the Pletiocene deposits of Riversteish and living examples were deseribed just three yeurs later (Thomson er ai, LOTT). The oecurrence of three different ehetid taxa from Blull Downs is nol unusual with tropiedal eect systenis having Cour ob more diflerent genera i thie mie region (Leper & Georues 1993), There live been live dillerent turtles recorded. lor the Burdekin (Cann 1998) including three shortageked ald two long-neeked taxa. The paluevenvironment of the Blull Pmwns. Ine fauna bas been interpreled as being simitar te Wat in present day Kakadu (Boles & Mackness 1994) with avin species such us darters und pygmy veese indiciting permanent water hodies (Mackness [95 ) There may have also been sipartut nanlorest or vine thickets (Maekness unpub.) Bossils of shorl-necked ehelids dominate the Blatt Downs fauna at the time Of pleservauon. indicating aw Phocene pilaeo- coyironment with well developed rivers, ereeks and lagoons and abundant aquatic fume (Cann 1978: Legler 1985). The long-necked tortoises indicate that al the same time, there may have been shallow turbid lagoons (White 1997), FOSSIL TURTLES FROM BLUFF DOWNS LOCAL FAUNA 105 Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank A. Georges, J. Cann, A, White, M. Archer and S$. Hand who provided helpful comments on, or assistance with the preparation of, this manuscript. J, Best provided technical support, The Smith Pamily of Bluth Downs Station continue to provide help and support for the ongomy research into the Bluth Downs Local Fauna. Phe collection of the Bluff Dawns material was supported in part by an ARC Program Grant to M. Archer, a grant from (he Department of Arts. Sport, the Environment, Tourism and Territories to M. Archer, S. Hand und H. Godthelp, a grant from the National Estate Program Grants Scheme to M. Archer and A. Bartholomai and grants in aid to the Riversleigh Research Project from the University of New South Wales, Wang Australia Ply Lid, ICE Australia and the Australia Geographic Socicty. References Anon, M. && Wank. M. (1976) Results of the Ray BE. Leovey Expeditions, Pact. The Allingham Formation und & new Plioeene vertebrate fauna from northern Australi Mev Ged Mis. 17, 379-397, RBolis, WE & MACkNiss. B.S. (1994) Birds from the Blut! Downs Local Fauna, Allingham Pornniton Queensland, Keo 4. Await, Mis. 27, 139-149, Cane. 2 (1978) “Tortumes of Australia (Angus & Robertson. Sydney). (1998) Lwin's Turtle, Manitar & 36-40, Cooubk, PL -G, Cameron, EE. d& Cocene, A.M. (19844 “Zoologival Catuloguy af Austndia’ Volume 1. Amphibia and Reptilia (Muistvalina Ciovernment Printing Service, Canberra), Gareney. E. 8. (1977) The side-necked turtle amily Chehdie: a theory of relationships using shared derived charneters. Aan Mus. Novir. 2620, 1-28. (1981)) Aveview of the fossil turtles of Australia. [hid 27M 1-34, Grongks, A, & ADAMS. M. (1992) A phylogeny of Australian chelid turtles based oon allozyme electrophoresis. dua J Zool. 40, 453-476, & (1996) Eleetrophoretic delineation of species boundaries within the short-necked freshwater turtles of Austitia (Testudines: Chelicae). Zook A Linn, Soe, HB, 241-260. La Dun. TC. (1901) Possil snakes of Pit OL, Rancho La Brea, Califoriiia. Las Ang. Cov Mus. Contrib, Sci. 424, 1- 28, Leouee. JM. (1985) Austrian ehelid turtles: reproductive patterns i wide-ranging taxa pp. 117-123 dn Grigg, G., Shine, R. & Hhinann, FL (Rds) “Biology of Australasian frogs and reptiles’ (Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales/Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW), & Georaes, A. (1993) Family Chelidae pp. 142 152 Jn Glasby, CL I., Ross, G, J. Bed Beesley, BL. (ds) ‘Fauna of Australia. Vol. 2A Amphibia und Reptilia (Government Printing Service, Canberra), Mackntss. B.S, (1995) Anhinga amelagrrula, a new pyumy darter from the early Pliocene Blul! Downs Local Fuuna, northeastem Queensland. Ena 95, 265-27), —__. Witt etinan, PL W. & McNamara, GC, (in press) A new potassium-argon basalt date in rekiion to (he Pliseene Blu? Downs Local Fauna, northern Australian Aust. A. Earth Sei. OvrES. W., Oats, L.. ARRSHBERGER. AL. HERSHBERGER, Ry. Savers, Bo & Gonrriy, M. (1964) ‘Gueu- Yalangi and Wik-Munkin linguage studies’, OQccusinnal Papers in Aboriginal Studies. Number 2 (Australian Enstitute -of Aboriginal Studies. Canberra). Privearo, PoC. H. & TREBBALL. P. (1984) The turtles ol Venezuela. SSAR Contrib. Herpetel. 2. \A03, Thomson, S.A. (in press) A revision of the fossil cheld turtles (Pleurodira) described by C. W, de Vis, 1897 Mem. Qe. Mits. & Georoes, A. (1996) Neural bemes i Australian chelid turtles. Chelonicon Conserv. Biol. 2, 82-86, — Wire. A. & Geornar\s, A. (1997) A re-evaluation of Emydure laverackorun: Identification of a living fossil. Menr. Od Mus, 42. 327-336. Wirt, A. W. (1977) Cainozoie turtles from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Jd. 41, 414-421, & Argcuer, M, (1994) Bundi lavardekornn & new Pleistocene turtle (Fleurodira » Chelidiae) frum Tluviatile deposiis al Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Rec. §. Aust, Muy. 27, 159-167, ZANGERL, R. (1969) The turtle shell pp. 311-340 dn Gans, C.. Bellairs. D. dA, & Parsons, T. A. (Eds) “Biology of the Reptilia, Vol 1, Morphology A’ (Academic Press. Lamndun) THE SWELL CLIMATE OF THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SEA By M. A. HEMER* & J. A. T. BYE* Summary Hemer, M. A. & Bye, J. A. T. (1999) The Swell Climate of the South Australian Sea. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(3), 107-113, 30 November, 1999. The Southern Ocean swell continually impinges on South Australian coastal waters. In this study we present simple formulae which predict the swell height at several locations in the South Australian Sea from swell height data in the open sea south of Eyre Peninsula, which are available in real time from the Bureau of Meteorology. The predictions are based on the state of the art wave model SWAN, and indicate that the mayor factor which determines the coastal swell climate is the direction of approach of the open ocean swell. From these predictions, bottom orbital currents can be computed, which are a fundamental factor in the marine ecology of the South Australian Sea. The formulae can also be used (at own risk) on a routine basis by mariners and surfers. Key Words: Swell, marine ecology, South Australia. Transactions of the Rayal Saeteiv of 8, Aust, (1999), DIAC), POF 113. 107 THE SWELL CLIMATE OF THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SEA by M. A. Hpmpr= & LA. T. Byn® Summary Hiwie MoA. & Band A222 11999) The Swell Chimare of the Seath Australis Seu Tian. AO Sie A And 1253). WOT VIAL SO Neveriber, [ane The Southern Qeean swell coutimully impinges on South Austratiai coastal waders, In this study: we present simple forme whien predierthe swell height wt several locations inte South Australian Sea (ram swell height (iki inthe Hpen sea sourh al Byre Penisuli. which are availible i realtime front the Bureau of Meteorology, The predictions ure hased on the stae of the art Wave Medel SWAN, und ridicule Haat fhe rager luctor whieh Jaleriifies Me coastal swell eHonate is the direction of approach of the open ocedun swell bron these predictions, bottom arbi currents: can be computed, which are a fundimental factor i the marine ecology of the South Australie Sea, The formule cit alsu he ised Gir owir tisk) On i) routine basis ly miariees ad surlers: Key Wonns: Swell niiine ecology. South Australi. Introduction The swell generated in the Southern Oeaun south west! Australia has been recorded to be the higest of any in the world’s oceans (Chelton ef af. 1987). However, the swell in the semi-enelosed waters of South Australia ts generally considered insignificant. This transition between the open ocean ind coastal waters Gonmrols Finny aspects of the South Austradnan manne enviraninent, The seasonal rhythni tor tae swells iS a orelable signal on whieh the marine veology uf the surl zone depends. Southern Ovean slots also from) Line to time produce exceptional swell events Which ventikite the interier of the coustil seas by the intensity of the bottom orbital currents that they wencrate. This stucly shows that the vlfecis at swell cin be reliably estimated, ane provides a simple predictive tormula whieh cap be used by ecologists lo classily imairine environments aim also by mariners and sorters ta make coal time foreensts for ou specified voastal location, Specilicully, we tyestigate the swell enemy bane as Ho propagates Tam the epen ovean south of Sauth Austria (vig Hn fate the South Australian Sea (Pig Hb), Which comprises (Bye 1976) the seni. enclosed withers of Spencer Gull, Gill St Vincent. Investigator Strail, Backstairs Pussage and Encounter Bay, extending nut pyer the continental shelf to the 200 ct contoue hounded to the west by Cupe Carnot and an the aust by Cape Jarl (ig. 2. School of bette Senengos, Ulinelers: Universiny CGM Hoy 2100) Adelaide Sao, 200] Fig. La), Example of apen eeead swell observed i the Southern Qeean, from RV Southerh (photograph: CSIRO Marine Liborones, Habart) Surveyor ~~ eee — =r 1 ‘ zSo- Mig, Hh. Pimple of swell upproachine te beach, West Hay, Kanwaroo bslintel i bebruniy 1998, 108 M. A. HEMER & J, A. T. BYE Port Augusta Franklin wes M4 >, Eyre Ky forke Peninsula A oes Ri "Peninsula Gulf 5 Is Ww) f Vent a J iuwervin ‘ ce Mi ;SOUTH Neps une: a fahanas 200m x Southern Oceun Fig. 2. The South Australian Sea with points of interest as mentioned in the text. x, formulae listed in Table 1, Ry show wave observation sites. Wave Data The only extended series of measurements of the Southern Ocean swell along the South Australian coastline was conducted by Steedman Science and Engineering of Perth, Western Australia. between May and October 1984 at seven measurement sites in the Great Australian Bight. These data have been analysed by Provis & Steedman (1985)!', who noted a reduction in significant wave height by a factor of about two as the waves moved trom the deepwater wave recorder in 1150. m of water, across the shelf )Prowis, DOC. & STePpMAN, R. K. (1985) Waive meastiiements im the Great Australian Bight, Paper presented at Australasian Conference on Coastal amt Ocean Engimeenne. tbAust, Christehurch, N& 1985. (unpub), Havralwwe! P Xs nen XG J pe fe : Investigator AUSTRALIAN XgSirait —amrvanet sea 2 ingurod Island n nae r he 5 A 4 iy arvinerl tn, a Bay ra Ie, Gull St. Vincent Adelaide Musrity Fleurieu Mouth Peninsula £7 4% - indicate the positions of Torecast towards the coast to the shallowest wave recorder in 26 m of water. Significant wave heights in excess oF 5 m were recorded on several occasions, and waves of over 10 m were recorded during a July storm us tar inshore as the 75 m depth contour. The significant wave period remained almost constant at about 15 s at all seven measutement sites, This period is very similar to the dominant swell period (16 8) in the classical experiment of Munk ef al. (1963) in which swell was observed to-travel across the Pacific Ocean to Alaska from Southern Ocean winter storms, ulmost without loss of energy, An interesting feature of the measured open ocean Wave spectra is that they are unimodal, Le. there are no distinct wind sea and swell peaks, Only al times of very low incident swell were separate peaks observed. Young & Gorman (1995) suggest that the THE SWELL CLIMATE OF THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SEA 109 proximity of the site to the Southern Ocean storm belt does not provide sufficient time for the wavefield to disperse and a bimodal (wind wave and swell) wave spectrum to develop. No open sea wave measurements appear to be available for the summer season, but in April 1998, a new series of wind wave and swell measurements was initiated in the South Australian Sea and the adjacent Southern Ocean using electric field measurements (Heinson ef al. 1998; Hemer 19987; Hemer e7 «/, 1999), The details of this program are reported elsewhere, but for our purposes an important feature was the near simultaneous observation of wave spectra on the Southern Shelf and in Spencer Gulf with which the predictions of the wave model can be compared. Apart from these measurements, 16 T t T 1 H(m) SF ae — Analytical Solurion "SWAN Model Results 08 L 1 C | 0 0.05 D4 yg 015 02 2en|e? Fig. 3. Comparison of SWAN wave heights with the analytic solution of Nielsen (1983) for an incoming swell of period (T = 12s) and height (H, = 1.4 m) running up a plane of slope 1.125 x 10+ with a quadratic bottom friction coefficient, C; = 0.015. The abscissa is the ratio of the water depth (4) to incoming wavelength (g7°/2n%) where g is the acceleration of gravity and the ordinate is the wave height (H). The SWAN results (x) are computed on a4 km grid. "Hemer, M, (1998) A Wave Study of the South Australian Sea: Prediction. Observation using Electric Field Measurements, and Application to Sediment Resuspension Processes. BSe (Hons) Thesis, The Flinders University of South Australia (unpub.). Byv, J, A, T., Gunn, B. W. & Nikpaus. C. VY. (1975) The Wave Climate off Cape Jervis, South Australia between June and November, 1974, Flinders Institute for Atmospheric and Marine Science Research Report, No. 17. (unpub.). Cuiver, Ro & Warker, D. (1981) Redeliff Wave Atlas. The University of Adelaide Department of Civil Engineering report. (unpub. ). * WALKER, D. (1989) An Efficient Wave Hindcasting Model. 9" Aust. Cont, Coast. & Oc, Engng. Adel, 4-8 Dec. 1989. 117-121. (unpub,). ' SWAN (1998) SWAN web page. http://swan.ct.tudelft.nl wave studies in the South Australian Sea (Bye er al. 1975*; Culver & Walker 19814; Walker 19895) have usually neglected the swell signal. The SWAN Wave Model The SWAN wave model (Simulating WAves Nearshore) is a directional spectral wave model written by the Coastal Engineering group of the Delft University of Technology, Netherlands (Ris e/ al. 1997) especially for coastal seas. In the formulation of the model, many waye propagation processes are implemented. These include wave propagation, wave refraction due to bottom shoaling and refraction and reflection by currents. Along with these effects, the model also includes generation of wave energy by wind, dissipation of wave energy by whitecapping and depth induced wave breaking, frictional dissipation due to bottom drag and redistribution of energy over the wave spectrum by non-linear wave- wave interactions (SWAN 1998°). Limitations of SWAN are that it does not account for diffraction or reflections, and hence it is unsuitable for regions where wave height variations are large within a horizontal scale of a few wavelengths (Ris ef al. 1997) and regions of ‘steep beaches’ (i.e. cliffs, harbours etc.) SWAN is therefore a ‘state of the art’ model for the present study of the propagation of swell into the South Australian Sea. It is important however to carry out two basic checks on the model. Firstly, the analytic model of Nielsen (1983) was compared with the results of the SWAN model over a plane sloping bed under variable conditions in which a plane wave was propagated into the domain at the deepest end (Hemer 19987). Figure 3 shows that, for a typical swell period of 12 s, and a quadratic bottom friction coefficient (Ci) of 0.015, 32°S 138° 140°E Fig. 4. The swell wavefield in the South Australian Sea predicted by the SWAN model for Cy = 0.015 and Dy = 230°. The contours show normalised wave height (NWH): contour interyal 0.1, and the arrows indicate the direction of swell propagation. ie) M.A. HEMER S&T AST BYE such as would oceur over sundy beaches (Jonsson 1966), the analytical solution and the numerical solution we i very good aereenrent for the grid imeryval 4 kin, The SWAN model simulations presented below are run on u uniform LOO x 10 reclangular grid of griddinterval, 4.5 kim on whieh the huthymetry was taken from the Australian Geological Surveying Orgunisution (AGSO) 30 ure second digilal file. Secondly, we eompure the predicoons of SWAN for swell propagation into Spencer Gull with the April 1998 wiive observations and the predictions Of the Bureau of Meteorology Southern Ovewn wave model (WAM) which is run in uperational mode with wave fields issued at Q000. O600, 1200 and S00 UTC, andis avanable from the Buren ol Meteorology (Bureau of Meteorolany, 19997), IL is convenient ty present (he resalls al the comparison at the end of the nex! seetion after the SWAN model outputs hive been described, Results Figure 4+ shows the normalised waive beight" awi=tfy, ul) where Has Lhe swell wave height, and He is Lhe open vocun Mpubswell height. wand also the wave direction (Di for swell of period 15 8 and Hy = 33 m propagaring fom the direetiog, D, = 250°, tb is observed that (he swell begins Lo Jose ils energy as soonits enters the region. More energy is lost when the wave front revches Kimguroo Ishin CRT) with the coast absarbing the enerey of seme cirecthormal components oF the wave, Large wave heights oceur ap the coast of KE (N WET 0.9) close ta fhe eoust, ‘These tesults aurce with aneedotul Ghservations of lurve wave heights on the southern and western coasts Of KL Kangaroo Ishind provides a significant blockuge bo waye enerey influs into Gull St Vineent (CiStY), add (he wave energy that enters CSt¥ is (ue to retraction as the water depth decreases ane the waves “wrap” Win Tiwestivator Suan. becoming omate perpendiculir to the depth contours, Sagnifiett lass af wave energy is Ohserved with Waves prapagalind Cust Through Backstalis Passage, sc thal aliiest all the wave energy duc lo swell in -GStY eptwimules from wieyes propagating through Inwesttsslor Strart Hieron ah Mie tpokoneta FIM9) Bereos ol Nioimanolury Hilp Sve ben gern ie Wiley Hhathre rte sie tian see Heiehrdetinead be rhe pelarion TM sd eet bees the seaye gers (PLM [Ty Prev DOE & Sonowiys RoR PVRS) Vyave Mossurenmnte He Coat Asiraligg Botan Paper Presenied ait Ausialiene LOOT IAH a I DE UNE Deri Etienne ED aint THe DHPCL: ye) ARTE EUR Frits | Waves at the head of GStV, the western end of Backstairs Passage and the metropolitan coast of Adelaide all show wave heights less (hin LO af the inpul height (NWH < 0.1). In Investigator Strait refraction is seen to have an elfeer with the waves hecoming more ind more perpendicular to the coast and the forthern coast OF KT shows regions: wlicre wives have refracted more than L8O° frony the inpul wave dirteetion. Within the gull, a northward dominance of witve propagation sill exists, but a significant spreading towards the coast at all localigns is Observed, Wave height is observed ty increuse markedly along the southern side of Fleurieu: Penimsali. with ulfhost no waves ab the western end (NWH < 0.1) ta signitiount wave enery wh the Marry Mouth (N WIP = 0.0), Propigition tite Encounter Bay shows very lilile refraction, due te the waves Imtitly travelling almost nora! to the depth contours, The propagation of swell into Spencer Gull (SG) shows a contydal loss of waye energy for wave height) wilh decreasing water depth towards Lhe tead oft the elf Large loss of wave cnerey is observed i the varus “shadow vanes’ al SC) such as Hardwieke Bay. Again clear evidenes of rel ruetion ts observed wilh wave direction becoming nearly perpendicular to the coast in ull regions. Within Hhidwieke Bay. waves are observed ty be propagating tn directions rotated mare thin 80° frou the input swell cireetion. In the viernity of Port Lincoln, wives ure Observed Lo hive refracled: hy 180° with waves thivelling in the oppustte direction ly (he input swell. “Phe vencral punter of wave energy 1 SCH shows a spreading and loss al witwe energy towards the sides of (he gull) The south western couse Of Eyre Peninsula shows. very litle loss of energy befure reaching the coust. On the west coust ol byre Peninsula, however, the observations al Provis & Stecdmian (1985) show a tiuving ol wane herghl (rom deep avaler lo the coitsl Botany eflects prechimfe a comparison belween sinulition god observations in this region bub at simikar reduiciian Pactar peers ii the model in Eneenuier Bay. Islands in the openings ta SC) such us the Neptune Islands ie seen to blouk some wave ener fron propadatiye late the Sule, The wave period af the swell reniuits aba constant IS 8 throughout (he model domani, This resull os expected wiven that no Farther wind forcine within the region is present. A reduetion of wavelength ost aN neenrs wilbin (he gull dime tothe decrease i waive Speed wil alecreasing water dep) (see eqn (S)). Peom the model results, the maximum bouci crbith velneuy, OF cun alse be derived (Henn HONOR), (See eqn by) It is ford that i halance exists hotween the : bewehyrs ail Wwivelength and the decreasing water depth Phe dleeresaiyigs | \warwe MME SWELL CLIMATE OF THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SEA i oats} ney apr Fin 5. As for Figcie (at) A westerly swell 0, = 260°, (bh), A sourh-casturly awell. PD, = bale. hargest (0 values (lor A, = 3.5 m) of QS ms! (1 kno) were Ohserved in the shallow water ol” the south coast OF Kamgurou Iskind. Within the gults, warer depllis were much less, but waive energy had dissipated such that 0) values, (L135 is! (O34 knot, were less than half ol the magnitude on the south coust of Kangaras Ishine, A number of sensitivity studies (hlemer 199%-) have been carried out by varying inpat model wave heihts, direvhons, periods. bottom friction und wave breaking purameters. and thodel ruins were ulso curried out with a uniform depth South Australian Sea, Vittiaition of input swell wave herghts (fa was found lo cause minimal changes in the NWH throughout the South Austrahan Sea with slightly lower NWH (greater dissipation) for a larger input wave height. Chiatging the input wive period also only had small effects on the wave heights and directions within the South Australian Sea tor typical swell periods. The swell propagation is alse insensitive to the VINAUOF OF Doon Pichon, Sdeh as might be caused over seautass beds. Uy the coastal Zone however, bottom friction 1s found lo cause sipnificant decreases in predicted wave heights, eg. wave heivhts in the sart zone ure approximately 25% greater if frictionless conditions are asstined [or coastal zone depths less than 1) im, Pinally, specilyime the Soath Australian Sea to haye a umform depth of SO mi guve almost the same reduction in wave height with progression intg Spencer Gulfand Gul St Vincent as for the depth varying lopagraphy, These resulls suggest thil the dominant source of energy loss in the South Australian Sea is ahbsorpuion of wave enerey at the coust by fretional loss in jhe shallows and wave breaking on coustal beaches pn depths less than 14) m, rather than any form of depth induced effect in the interior ol the sea. We conclude from these sensitivity studies that the Inyor source Of swell fenht variability ja the Soudy Australian Sea is the direction ob upprouch of the deep sea swell. Figure 5 iMustrates the effeet of a rolauon of the direction of approweh of the deep sec swell, either towards a westerly oral south-eusterly direction. A Westerly swell penetrates jit Investigator Stra, and ts retracted into Spencer Gull along the western coast of Yorke Peninsula (Fig. S(a)) On the other hand, Investigator Strait is well protected from the south easterly swells, aoc typical of Summer weather conditions, whreh are refracted into Speneer Gull on fhe eastern cows, of Lyre Peninsula (rig 5(b)). This pattern occurred on April 20 1998 when waive observations were made mond Spenver Gull Us tn Pig. 2). The observed swell height and direction were respectively, Tf = (LIS mam D = 250". wheredsy sou ob Eyre Peninsula (he WAM model predicted the swell height and direction, Ha = |.R in and D, = Lo’, froin which NWI = 0,08, The SWAN model prediction shown in Fiz S(b) yields NWIP = 0.08. and Uireetion D = 723") in good agreement with the observations, The aecuricy af the WAM model was itlse assessed by comparison with observed wave Ula Obtained soulh OF Leyre Permsuli on April 16 1998 (Ro in Pig. 2). The predicted swell parameters, Ho = 1.5 mand D, = 220° were in good ingreement willl the observations of thy = 1.3 mand D, = 225° (Hemer 1998-), We conclude thatthe predictions of the WAM and SWAN inodels can be successfully linked to provide reliable swell prediction formulae tar the South Australian Sea, which ave presented ib the neat section, Swell Prediction Formulae The isohatiou of wave direction as the domimant influence on normalised wave heights (NWIL) within 2 M. A. HEMER & J. A. T. BYE TABLE |. The coefficients of the swell forecasting formula (eqn (2)) and swell heights (H) and maximum bottom erhital velocities (U') for swell propagating from the directions 230°, 260° and 160° for various locations in the South Australian Sea, Position him) ay (xl0") ay (810%) ay (x 10") ay (X10!) ayy |. Cape du Couedic 47 “6, 8842 6.3809 -2.2079 3.3862 -18.512 2, Cape Catustraphe 50 ~08 622 38.499 -TR.517 25,781 -132.24 3. Fleurieu Peninsula 27 34.150 27.419 8.0454 -10.190 47.388 4. Franklin Harbour I] 12.867 ~10.7 14 3.2704 -4.3259 20.988 5. Mid Gulf St Vincent 33 -2.2965 1.8031 4).51453 (1.63910 2.9210 6, Hardwicke Buy 10 2.0027 -|.7867 (58009 80486 4.0507 7. Adelaide 10 5.8435 -4.8575 14918 -1.9994 9.9339 8. Lower Spencer Gulf 46 32.394 -26.892 8.1539 10.644 50.701 Q, Investigeitor Strait 36 -7.7955 5.9928 - 1.6607 L9US5 -SSA03 10. Mid Spencer Gulf 28 28.793 -23.973 7.3154 YTD 46.87) 1, Upper Spencer Gull {2 4.2561 -3,5376 L.O7S1 14241 6.9002 [2. Lacapede Bay 39 8.2295 6.6782 1.9008 2, 1954 9.0546 Hea Hen: Hein Usui Lai Uji Position (m) (ms!) {, Cape du Couedie 4.73 4.84 3.85 0.77 0.78 (1.62 2, Cape Catastrophe 447 4.52 4.29 0.65 0,66 0.63 3, Fleurieu Peninsula 2.9 231 193 1.10 O87 0.73 4, Franklin Harbour Q.73 0.42, 0,22 O98 0.56 (),29 5. Mid Gulf St Vincent 0.36 4.45 O07 O10 0.16 ().A)2 6. Hardwicke Buy 0.50 O48 (44 Q77 0.74 0.20) 7, Adelaide OSU 63 (), 34 O91 Q).07 ().52 §. Lower Spencer Gulf 3.44 2.69 1,09 (358 O45 O14 9, Investigator Strait L.X1 2.76 ().24 OAS 0.68 (0.06 10, Mid Spencer Gulf 1.63 O92 0.45 O58 {).335 0.16 11. Upper Spencer Gulf 0.24 O14 ().07 ().28 O17 ().9 12, Lacapede Bay 4.46 3.51 3.15 O86 (1.67 0.6] the South Australian Sea suggested that swell prediction formulae could be obtained. The set (150°. b6O", 175°, 190°, ZOO", 2LS , 222°, 230°, 237°, 245°. 253° und 260°) was chosen trom SWAN mins as representative of the swell energy window from which waves propagate. and the NWH was determined at selected grid points. Using the Lwelye runs. a polynomial of order 4+ was fitted at each grid point to interpolate NWH over the range of propagation directions, D,, = IS0° - 260°. NWH = aD) + 43D) + aD, + a,D, +4, (2) The authors accept no lability an the use of information wiven in this pauper, ‘Harrison, P(1997) Protecting Gull St Vincent: A Statement on its Health dnd Future, Department of Enyironment and Natural Resources, Adelaide, 1997. (unpub, ). The coefficients are shown in ‘Table 1 for the positions in the South Australian Sea iNustrated in Fig. 2. [tis emphasised that, for the coastal sites. eqn (2) predicts the incoming swell heights outside the surf zone ata depth of LO m. ‘Table 1 allows a simple calculation of swell heights to be made using the deep sea swell height and direction from the WAM model oulpul, over the range of directions for which significant swell energy propugites into the South Australian Sea, The travel time. Tinh, for swell over a distance, ¢/ in km, assuming deep water wave conditions, is 7 0.184/, Q) in which 71s the swell period. For a representative travel distance of 350 km, and a swell period of 13s, tT~ 5 h. and hence real time forecasts for swell conditions can be obtained from the six hourly waveliclds available from the Bureau of THE SWELL CLIMATE OF THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SEA 13 Meteorology (Bureau of Meteorology. 19997), [1 is suggested that input parameters be taken from the WAM output at the 37°S and 135°E grid point". The corresponding maximum bottom orbital velocities, U, due to the swell can be euleulated from eqn (2) using the formulit = nH f,, sinh(kiy) (4) in which fas the water depth and 4 is. the wavenumber OF the swell, Whieh can be determined Hrom The approximate formula (Fenton 1990) in whieh g is the acecleration due to gravity, The swell heights (//'),) ane maxiniun bottom orbital velociies (0%) for an open ocean swell of Soin Propagating from the directions (D,) discussed in the previous section are representative of the mast severe swell condilions likely to he encountered in the South Australian Sea (Pable 1). Conclusion This study uses state of the art wave modelling to show the propagation of swell into the South Austrahian Sea, An obvious application is real time swell forecasting for iiariners and surfers. The SWAN model can be also run to forecast the wind wave spectrum generated by local winds but this is heyond the present scope. The intrinsi¢ interest. of swell is its role in sediment Iransporl processes at the sea bottom, The example Of Table 1 illustrates that a severe swell event generes very significant bottom orbital motion which resuspends sediment particles into the water column which may then be transported by ticki and wind driven currents. In order to describe the sediment transport process in coastal areas, iL is essential to determine the swell climate jiecurately, The results of this wave study, wong will developed sediment resuspension tools, will help significantly fo adyanee the understanding of sediment and pirticulale transport processes Heregigns of concern within the South Australian Sea, for example. the Adelaide metropolittn coastline (Wynne 1984) and the mouth of the River Murray (Harvey 1996), and provide it framework for its future management (Harbison L997!'), References Byt LoA. CE (F976) Physical Qeeanouraphy ol Gulf St. Vincent ind bnvestipalot Strait pp. 143-160 fn Twidhile, ©, Kk. Pylon, Mo. & Webb, B. PL (fds) “Natural History of the Adelaide Repion’ (Roya Soviety of South Australia, Adelaide), Cibiion, D. Ba Hussey, Kod. & Park, Moo. (1981) Global Satellite Measurements of Water Vj lapour, Wind Speed and Wave Height, Neti 294, 529-539 Peston. J. 1 (1990) Nontinear Wave’ Theories py. 3-20 I Le Mehaule, By & thines, Db. Me (Eds) “The Sea’ Vol, 9 Wiley Interscience, New York, Harvey, N-(1996) The Significance of Coastal Provesses for the Mathagement of the River Murray Estuary, Mais, Cenk Strdies, 34. A557. Hrrssan, GS. Witri, Ay Cossianne, SoC, & Key. RK. (1908) Sell Potential Lxploration. Auyvearation Geaplysics Git press) Thome, M.A. Bye, MALT. & Tasso, G. S. (1999) Waive Eoerty antl Torbuleice Spectra frat the Measurement al Electric Fields in the Ocean, Proc. Air Sea Iiterface Syniposium, Electromagnetic and Acaustic Sensing, Sydney, Att dane 1-15 1909, (in press). Jonsson, LC. (1960) Wave Boundary Layers ail Priction: Factors. Pron. 10th Conf. Coastal Enune. Tokve L966. 1, 127-148. (Am. Soe, Civ. Enurs. New York), Mink. WoL. Mibbnk. E.R. SNoper Ass. ROG, & Bannie. N_F(1963) Directional Recording of Swell fram Distant Storms. Phil, Deans, Ray. Soe. 235, 505-584, Nitsa, P1983) Analytical Determination yf Nearshure Waye Height Variation due ty Refraction Shoaling and Friction, Codasnil Bip, 7, 2453-251, Pritiips, O; M. (1977) “The Dynamies of the Upper Qeeur' (Cambride University Press, neta ity Ris, RL. Roon, TOL HU Lisi VW HuRNANDEs, R. (1903) “SWAN Ea 2 (Dell University of Technolory, Beli. & Papin User Manual, WrnaA. AL (198+) “Adelaide Coast Protection Stauery Review (The Coast Protection Road. South Australia), Youn, LR & Gorman, Ro M. (1995) Measurements of (he Evolution vl Qeean Wave Spectr due to Bottom Friction, J. Geophys, Rex. 100, 0987-1 100d, A NEW SPECIES OF GALL MIDGE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) DAMAGING BRANCH SHOOTS OF THE DRYLAND TEA-TREE, MELALEUCA LANCEOLATA (MYRTACEAE) By PETER KOLESIK* & DAVID E. PEACOCKT Summary Kolesik, P. & Peacock, D. E. (1999) A new species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomylidae) damaging branch shoots of the dryland tea-tree, Melaleuca lanceolata (Myrtaceae). Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(3, 115-119, 30 November, 1999. A new species of gall midge, Lopesia quadrata, is described from Melaleuca lanceolata Otto in South Australia. The infested branch shoots are transformed into pine cone-like galls and do not develop further. The larva, pupa, male and female of the new species are described and illustrated. The new gall midge, only the second record of the tribe Lopesiini in Australia, is compared to other known gall midge from Melaleuca spp. Key Words: Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Melaleuca lanceolata, South Australia. Transactions ef the Rovel Soedety of S. Aust, (1999), WAG) TPS-EE) A NEW SPECIES OF GALL MIDGE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYITDAE) DAMAGING BRANCH SHOOTS OF THE DRYLAND TEA-TREE, MELALEUCA LANCEOLATA (MYRTACEAE) by Pever KOLESiKk® & Davip E, PEACOCK: Summary forksik, Pe & PRAcMek. DE (1999) Anew species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomytidae) damaging branch shools of the drykind tewtree, Melaleuca lanceolula (Myrtaceae). [rity Re Soc 5. Aust 12313), 115-119, 30 November, 1999, Anew speeres of wall midge, Lopeswe yuadratd. 1s described from Melaleuca fanceelata Ollo in South Australia, The infested branch shoots are transformed (ito pine cone-like gulls und do pot develop further, The larva. pupa, mile and femile of the new species are deseribed and illustrated The new gall nndge. only the second record af We tribe Lapestini in Australia, is compared 16 other known gill midges trom Melalewea spp. Ki Wouns: Diptera, Cecidomyiidiae, efalewce lancecfaty, South Austrabae Introduction The dryland teatree, Melaleuca lanecolata Oto (Myrtaceae), also known us Moonah or black tea- tree. isa Shrub ora small tree of up to 10 min height vecurring in’ Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales und Queensland (Barlow 1986), Tt grows in various habitats, in South Ausiralia commonly in saline heavy clays that are subject to periodic waterlogging, The durable wood is occasionally used in the timber industry and the flowering trees tre valued by beekeepers (Cunningham ef al, 1981). The gall micdge modifies branch shools of M4, lanceolata subsp. lanceolata into, galls that resemble pine cones (Fig. |). The galls were collected by one of us (DEP) at) Oetober, 1998 in the Coorong Nalional Park during a South Australian Animal and Plant Control Commission ecologieul survey. Although the galls were found in low abundance the gull midge can potentially have aw severe impact on ree development because fh prevents the growth of new branches, The new wall midge, to be attabuited to Kolesik, is placed inthe genus Lopesie and becomes the second known Australian species of the tribe Lopesiini. along with Ausvalopesia melaleucae Kolesik (1999) that forms flower galls on Melaleuca halmetureraun FP. Muell. ex Mig. in South Australia. Deparment ol Hortioulinn. Wiiieuliire and Oenelowy. Wante Campus Phe triversity af Adelaide PMBI Glon Oxmond S. A\ast, S064. Erni Peter, Kalesih @! yy alte adeliide edu al. ) Semthy Awerrttian Animataine Plant Control Commission, OPO Box LOT) Adehiude S. Aust SOOT Fiz, |, Branch shoot wall of Lopeste qaadrata sp. nov. on Melalereet lantceelit, Arrow marks pupal skin, Scale hur = 10 mm. Materials and Methods Branch galls on Melaleuca lanceolata were collected ul the Coorong National Park on 5.x. 1998 The galls were processed in one of two ways. Some were peeled open and the kirvete preserved wn 70% ethanol, Those remaining were kept in plastic hays und the larvae were reared to adults, Pupation look place within the galls. Emerged adults were preserved together with their pupal skins. in 70% ethanol, Microscope mounts of the type series were prepared according to the technique outlined by Kolesik (1995). The type series and other miterial retained in 70% ethanol. together with dried galls, are deposited in the South Australian Museum, Adeluide (SAMA), the Australian National nscet Collection, Canberra (ANIC) and the State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide (AD). Descriptions und measurements refer to the holatype and paralypes. IIe P KOLESIR & DE. PRACOCK Genus Lopesia Riibsuamen. 1908 Lapesta Riibsauiien. (908; 29 Type spevres. Lepesia brasiliensin Riibsaumen, 190%: 30. fias tH, 12 Lopesia tsa penus of the supertribe Cecidomyiidi originally characterised by the bend in the Rs wing vein at tts juneturce with Ry. Ry situated beyond the midiangth OF Ry, toothed tarsal ehiws, empodia shorer than claws, short female postabdenten with large cerey, and tourscemented palpi. Tl is currently Wscd as a catch-all venus within the tribe Lopesiini und now also includes species with simple tarsal claws and a reduecd number of pulpal segments (Gusne & Marohasy 1993, Gagné & Hibbard 1996) The new species fits Lopesia ss. an ull characters vxcepl the Iwo-seeymented palpi, ww reduction that appears independently th many genera and does re preclude placing the species: within the wider concept of the genus, Lapesia quadrata sp. Woy. (PIGS | - 16) Holotype: 3, Coorang National Park, “Loop Row”, South Australia (46° 11° S. 139° 41° BE), x 1908. reared by Po Rolesik from branch shoot galls on Melalerea lanceolate Oto subsp, luncenlatir, gall collecled 5.x, 1998 by DBD. FE. Peacock, (21427 (SAMA), Pararypes, | 3. 2 & 4, 3 pupal skims (SAMA, J21426-121432), 2 &4, 2 99, 3 pupal skins (ANIC), sume data bul emergee Sx 23.4.1998_ | larva (SAMA, 121433) 7 larva (ANIC). colleetou with holotype. her material 20 29, 3 pupal skins, same dake as paratypes (SAMA), galls, same dali (AD999 26213), Male (Mes 2-8) Colour eyes bhick, head dark-brown, antennae und palpi brown, thorax black clorsally abd red elsewhere. abdomen with sclerotised parts brown and unsclerotised parts red, genitalia brown, lees brown and yellow, Heud? Antenna: seape slightly longer than wide: pedicel spheroid: flagellomeres 120 in number. bingdal, with one circumfila on basal node. two on distal, circumfilar loops not reaching the next distal circurmfilum, nodes with sparse, short setulae, dist Magellomere with smal, apreal mpple. Rye lacels Closely adjacent except al verlex where sparser. eye bridge 3 facets long. No postvertical protuberance Palpl tWo-scemented, segmentation weak, Prous with 5-9 solae perside, Labella hemispherical, each wilh 4 - 9 short setae, Thorex: Wing length 2.3 min (range 2.20 24. n= 4). width 0.9 mm (ON - 0.9). Ry varies between barely visible to all strength vein, “Tarsal eliws curved beyond midiength, with short, wide tooth. empodia tess Can hall claw length. Abdomen: Sternum | not sclerotised, asetase, sterniies TT - VE with anterior pau of trichoid sensilht, posterior setil row und sparse see scullered elsewhere. Tergiles 1 - Vl with anterior pair of tichoid senshi. posterior setul tow and sporadie setae elsewhere, tered VHP net Seleroused, asetose, Geritaliat — gonucoxine cylindrical, with large. rounded. setulose mesobiasul lobe: gonostylus slightly tipered distally, bent ot distal third, shehtly swollen and setulose on basal third. asetose and ridged beyond; aedeagus wilh several userose papillae, longer (han gonacers ites, robust, dapered distally, hypoproet brlohed. cuch lobe with sever setae, setulose: cerer hilobed. shorter than hypoeproet, each lobe with several sere, setulogse. Fenule (Figs 9 12) Colour uy inane. Head: trons with 7 - 8 setae, lubella euch with 4 — 7 setae; fMavellomeres cylindrical, with slight restriction at midlength in basal ones. ciroumfikt simple around midlengih, with several small, interconnected arches distally, setulae short and spare basally, unusually long and dense distally, Wing length 2.6 mm (2,3 - 2.8. n= 4), width LO mm (09 - 1.0) Abdomen sternunt VILE and EX not selerotised, setoseslergite VIL consisting of two small areas. one on euch side of centre, terguny PX selerotised, both setose. Ovipositor short, barely protrusible; ceret ovoid, completely setilose jun stlose, several selae on posteroventral surface thiek: hypopreet short, robust. with several setae. setulose. Other charavters as i nade. Pune (Pigs 1a. tA) Colour nurrow ring On anterior part oF antenna pale brow), remaining purty grey, Length 2.6 jun (2,3) 28,1 =6), Cephalic papillae 5 pm (4-5) lone Frons on gach side. one of iwo facial papitlie setuse, pre of three lateral papille setose. all setae minute Prothoracic spiraele very Short, as long as wide No Jorsil abdominal spines Frvva (Pigs 15, 16) Colour: oringe-red, Lengih 1.5 - 1.9 marin = 2). Head: antennae wnusually broadened basally. posterolateral apodemes yery short. No sternal spatula. Termimal segment with several small. aseloxe pup tlie NEW GALL MIDGE FROM MELALEUCA LANCEOLATA I}? mq Figs 2-8. Male of Lopesia quadrate sp. noy. Fig. 2. Head in frontal view. Fig. 3. List three flagellomeres. Fig. 4. Sixth flagecllomere, Pig, 5. First tarsomere. Fig. 6, Tarsal claw and empodium, Fig, 7, Genitalia in dorsal view. Fig, 8, Wing. Seale bars = 100 pom 2. 4,7; 50 pm 4-6: S00 pm &. 118 P. KOLESIK & D. E, PEACOCK Figs 9 - Lo. Lopesia quadrata sp. nov. 9 - 12 female, 13, 14 pupa, 15, 16 larva, Fig. 9. End of abdomen in lateral yiew (sclation on segment LX and ovipositor omitted). Fig. 10. Ovipositor in lateral view. Fig. 11. Last three flugellomeres. Fig, 12. Sixth flagellomere, Fig. 13. Prothoracic spiracle. Vig, 14. Anterior part in ventral view. Fig. 15. Last two abdominal segments in dorsal view. Fig. 16, Head in ventral view. Scale bars = 100 tim 9 - 11, 14, 15; 50 pm 12, 16: 10 pm 13. NEW GALL MIDE PROM MELALIUCA LANCEOLATA 14 OG Hlongile-ovoid, red in colour, Enimalouy The name queddreita is a Latin adjective for “square”. referring to the shape of the gall in the top side view. Gall and bialowy The midge transforms a branch shoot into 4 pine cone-hke gall (Pig. 1). 3-4 mm dong and 4-6 mit wide, sqtuure in the side top view, ouler leaflets hard und brown in colour, toner ones soft amd yellow- green, all sparsely Covered with short. silvery hairs. Bach pall contains one larva dwelling betweet iWwa closely appressed Jeallets. Pupation likes place inside the wall, At the end ol fis development the pupa fifty 2/4 Ol its bedy outside the gall. Shortly wierwards the pupal skin splits open at the dorsal part of \he thorax amd the adult emerges. Ab the beginning of Qetober [9Y8, at the Coorong National Park, the all midge popalution consisted muimly of pupae with only a small proportion of larvae. OF 11 cxumined Melaleuca lajgeoliria tees, six had galls Of the new species, The tree with the Tizhest infestation was 5S im high with a canopy of 4m and bore about 200 gulls. Remarks Previously, five eeeidomytids have been knawn to induce galls on Melaleuca spp. Gagné etal. (1997) deseribed four species: Lophodiplasis brtentette Gagné trom rosete bud galls on MM. quinqueneryia (Cav) SOT. Blake. 2. corauete Gagné from trumpel- shaped teal galls on Ad. Hervave (Lindley) Cheel, and M. viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertner, L indentata Guané Hom blister galls on leaves of ML qguinquenervia, ML dealbata S. T. Blake, WA wiriditlard, M. creda S. T. Blake, At “fluviatilix” Barlow und Ad sedtyonee Schauer and 2. dentiewant Gagné trom M geinguenervia and M. wridiflura. The tifth species, Austrolopesta melelencue — Kolesik (1999), (ranstorms flowers OF AZ. heatmarirorial E Muell. ex Mig, into hard, spherical, lairy galls. The main character that distinguishes the new species from the otherwise rather diverse species ol Lophodiplosis Gagne is the — conspicuous protuberance on the pupal vertex which 1s present in the other species bul wbsent in Lepesii querdrate sp. nov, The new species differs from Ansirolopesia melaleucde, & species wilh which i shares the type locality. in all developmental stages, In L. gitdrata, the palpi are two-seamenied, the tarsal claw has a browd, short tooth. the male fligellomeres are binodal, the Gvipositer is short und barely protrusible, the pupal prothoracic spiracte is as long wh wide and the larvee has no sternal spatula, Mra. melalenede, Ihe palpi are /our-segmented, the tursul claw hus a thin, tong tooth, the nale flagellomeres are gynecoid, the ovipositor is long and protrusible. the pulpal prothoracic spiracte is several times longer than wide and the larva has well developed sternal spatula. Some specimens of the vew spectes had the aedeagus widely opencd at its terminal end, a transformation possibly caused by mating. Acknowledgments M. C. ()' Leary, State Herbarium of South Australia. courteously mentified the host plant, We thank KR. J, Gagne, Systematic Entomology Laberatoery, USDA, fashington DC, — tor commenting on dn carly drat l of the munuscript. References Baniow BoA, (1986) Melalenca pp, 945-946 Tt lessop. 1 how Toelkem H.R. (Rds) “lori of South Austria’. Part. (South Australia Government Printing Division, Adiehade ) CUNNINGHAM G, ML. Miia, We Pe MInbOePE, Boba ke LiiGih to HL 1981) ? Plants oF Western New Seu Wales” (New South Wales Government Printing Office. Sydney). GAGS, Ro & Maroiasy, i. (195) The gall midges (Dipteras Ceciomy fae) of Veet spp. (Miniosareac) ja Africa. Iasenta Mundi 7 77-124 & Hissako, KL. (1296) Anew species al call midge (Diptery Cecdomyridae) trom subterranean stem gulls OF Lica michaaeid (Chrysobalunmecue) Wlovida, (vide Me 7. 428-434, BALCIUNAS. JK, & BeRRoWws, D, W. (1997) Six species of oul) midve (Diptent Cecidomytidae) lain Mekilevica (Myrtieeie) in Austrilian Pe. cin See! Wah. 99, 312-354, Koresizn, B (1995) A pew species of Leocriedicorma Bell (Diptera: Cevidomyidies on Eucalyais faselenfesa in South Australia. da) ase ean Sec, 34, 47-192, — (1999) Anew venus and species of all midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidacs diumaging (lowers of the South Australian paper-bark. Mfefelewow — latrmeeremennin (Myrtaceae), Traits. Re Soe 8. Alin P23. 41-46. Rups\AMeN, EB, 1b (1908) Bettrige vir Kenuinis aussereuropiinseher Zoacecuhen VL Berra fcowt |: Gallon ws Briisilien tinul Peru Mareellia 7 15-70 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INCORPORATED VOL. 123, PART 4 OBSERVATIONS OF SOME NEMATODES FROM KANGAROO ISLAND, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES, HEMICYCLIOPHORA FLUVIALIS (TYLENCHIDA: HEMICYCLIOPHORIDAE), FROM ROCKY RIVER By ALAN F. BIRD* Summary Bird, A. F. (1999) Observations of some nematodes from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, including the description of a new species, Hemicycliophora fluvialis (Tylenchida: Hemicyclhophoridae), from Rocky River. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(4), 121-131, 30 November, 1999, A new species of Hemicycliophora De Man, 1921 is described from Rocky River which runs through the Flinders Chase National Park on Kangaroo Island. The morphology of the new species, Hemicycliophora fluvialis, is compared with that of four mainland South Australian species of this genus. It resembles H. charleston Reay, 1984 more closely than the other South Australian species. Key Words: Hemicycliophora fluvialis sp. nov., Eutobrilus heptapapillatus, Hemicriconemoides minor, Rocky River, Kangaroo Island, nematodes, morphology, measurements. Transactions af the Royal Sovlen atS. Aust. (W999), L234), 121-141 OBSERVATIONS OF SOME NEMATODES FROM KANGAROO ISLAND, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, INCLUDING 'THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES, HEMICYCLIOPTIORA FLUVIALIS (TYLENCHIDA;: HEMICYCLIOPHORIDAE), FROM ROCKY RIVER by ALAN FB. Bin Summary Binh, A.D, (1999) Observations of some nematodes from Kangaroo Istand. South Austria, teluding the Ueseription of a new species. Henicyeliophore fineialis (Tylenchida: Hemicyelophoridac). fram Rocky Rryer Trans: & Soe 8. Aust. 123(4). 121-131. 30 November, 1999, A new species uf Meneveltaphara De Man, 1921 is described from Rocky River which rms Hiroueh the Finders Chase National Burk on Raniuroe Dshanel, The morpholowy of the new species, Vemicveliophora fiialiy, is compared wah that of four mainluod South Australian Species of (his genus. Hocesembles He chartestoie Reay, 1984 more closcly than the eather South Australian speeies, A population of /agrabrihes hepeapapi latins daubert& Heyas. 1979) Tsalotikhin, Last is alse described (ram Rocky River and is compared with populations of this spectes front matohind: Australie atid South Alriaa, A population of Henicricanemnides winer Breoski & Reay, 1982 collected [rom sui) adjaeent to Rocky River is compared Witt specimens from Kuitpo Forest, 40 kin south of Adelaide, Relationships between these Kangaroo [stand nematodes and their close relatives on the South Australian maimland are tliscussed, Key Worps: Hemiereliyphone (inuiadiy spo nov. Leiobeilis heptapupillais, Heniericaiemaides Mitor, Rocky River. Kangaroe Istind, tematodes, morphology, measurements, i e Introduction Rocky River is one ob the more pristine rivers or streaiis of Kangaroo Istind running. as i does. through Plinders Chase National Park throughout is lemetly and thus being Free from) polluhon tron farmed kinds and human habitation. Hs nematode Microhitnd has not been studied or compared woth mainland speaes, Kangaroo Tsland is thought to have been separated from the mainkind for about 9.500 yeu (Lampert 1979) and some divergence from the mainland populations might be expected. iy (his paper the ionic composition of the water Irom several of te ishind’s rivers that run through farm lands is compared wilh (hat trom Rocky Rivet, Meusurements of some free-living and plant parasitic pemiutodes are nade and compared with related mainind spectes, These relationships are discussed amd a new species 1s deserthed, Materials and Methods Site Soil and witer samples were collected from the Rueky River site (1) (35° 57° $8, 136° 42° E) on two occasions, Firstly on 3 June 1993 and secondly, four years hater on S October (997. On the first occasivn samples were collected from other rivers on Kangaroo Istind (Mig. 1) for comparison. These sites. in order of increasing sulimly. were (2) Stunsail “7 aytond Bal Mivehig S$. Aut, a0 Boom River, collected on the seuwurd side of the bridve across (he fiver on the South Coast Rad, 04) Harriet River, collected on the seaward side of the bridge aeross the river on the South Coust Rd, (4) Fleanor River, colleeted close to the bridge weross the river on the South Coast Ra, (5) Chapman River. collected on the landward side of Willoughby Rel and (6) Cygnet River, collected about 50 my Up stream or the bridge at the township Collection dnd processing of samples Waler samples were filtered through a 0.2 pm membrane filter und stored mm sterile serew-capped bottles prior to anilyses of major soluble ions: as described previously (Bird 1995), Soil samples taken adjacent to the river using ou 47 cm diameter corer were trented in misting machine as described by Yeates & Bird (1994). Samples of water-saturated soilatthe rivers’ cdges Were also collected using the corer but this soil was pa7aed with water and sieved through a range of sigves us described by Bird (1999), The 1993 samples were collected Uiroughout the islind by the author assisted by H. R-B. Jack and the 1997 samples from Rocky River by A. Meck, McHugh assisted by M. McHugh, Sort from Kyeema Conservation Park, suppliec by I. Reay and continning Henieviconenaldes minor, was ulso placed in the misting machine and the liv ing nematodes extracted and photographed. Treaunent ef nematodes Living nematodes under a dissecting microscope were picked from the contumers (ita which they had 122 A_F. BIRD SOUTH AUSTRALIA ores en Kangaroo Island 50km Fig. |. Map showing collecting sites with rivers listed in order of increasing salinity (see Table 1). (1) = Rocky. (2) = Stunsail Boom. (3) = Harriet. (4) = Eleanor. (5) = Chapman. (6) = Cygnet. SOUL AND FRESHWATER NEMATODES FROM KANGAROO ISLAND 125 been separated and fixed in hot HA 4:1 before being processed to unhydrous glycerol us deseribed previ- ously (Bird 1995), Both living and fixed nematodes were pholographed using a Vanox AHBT research microscope equipped with bright field and interfer- ence contrast (Nomarski) optics with Tord Delta 400 film. The lype series fas been deposited in the South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAMA), CSIRO Diviston of Entomology, Canberra ACT (ANTC) und the Waite Institute Nematude Collection. University of Adelnide (WING) fe Man's indices and ubbreviations for morpho- logical lerminoloey are as follows, us hody length = maxim body diameters bs boy length = pharyngeal length; e hody length = Gel femethy ce) Gul lensth + body diameter at cloaca: 1: lola hody lengthy im: deneth of conus (anterior ) part oF buceal styler 100+ total styled Tengthy ns number of specimens, Re number of body annules; RB: breadth oFone body unnule, Ros number of annules on lak Roo ntitinber al aniules between labial dise und first annale aller secretory-excretory (S-B) pore; Rohawis ese MUMber OF donules belween labial dise und pharyngo-inlestinal valves Ry: number of ainnules between laibral dise and base of stylet knobs: RV: nutpber of annules from vulva to tail tips Ry)! number of annules between vulva and ants; Vo distunee of vulva from anterior end x 100 + Ly Vis distance heuween vulva and tail tip: Vléyp ¢ distance between vulva and til ip = bedy width at vulva. Results The wetter environment Most of the water samples Were collected in imide Winker when awl he springs und rivers had sunnie waler, Nevertheless, some of the rivers, such as the Cyenet and Chapman (Pig. 1. Tible 1), are clearly estuarine some distanee from ther mouths. They also have more culeium, naghesiim, phosphorus and sul- River which runs throughout its length in) (he Hlinders Chase National Park and so is not exposed to agricultural efMuents, His pleasing to note (Table 1) that ever the four-year period from (993.1997 (here was no increase in the tonic components m tls iter, in fact, there appears to have been a slight Ueereuse, possibly dite to the difference in the tine of your, Nematordes Hemicycliophora flavialis sp, wey. (FIGS 2-5) Tre: Volope Rocky River, KL(35° 57° 8, 136 42° 8). voll AL W Bird. 3.vi 1993, SAMA AHO 28115. Paratypes; 10.7 9, sume data as holotype. SAMA AHC 25115, ANIC 700, WING 2022, Deseriypwion Body straight to ventrally curved. outer cuticle loose fitting, Outer cuticle with circumferential sur luce markings ob cither side of harrow band ov groove running unbroken through centre of each wontuile, No breaks observed in annulations, No laler ul lines apparent. Lip revion continucus with boy awnties, Labial dise distinet and curved. Three lip unntes, the third being liirgest, Style long, basal knobs posteriorly sloped and rounded with posterior cuvily. Median bulb. isthmus anid termmal bulb of pharyns distiner, Secretory-excretory (S-E) pore al junction of pharyis and intestine or slightly anterior. Genital branch single, Oulstretched. Spermatheca oval, containing sperm in all specimens examined. Vulval lips irregular. Post-vulyal region cylinudrical, fipering towdrds fail terminus gnnulated to its tip. Anus obscure and not observed, Female (Measurements of holotype) (Pigs 2-5) Length 1109 pm; a=32; b= 5.7) V = 86: VL = 136 hing VL/VB = 4.3: stylet 116 pam: m= $6: R = 351: phur than the other rivers listed, particularly Rocky Ryy = 53: RV = 50: Ry = 31: Ronaruns (nes) = 95: TAREE Lonalywes at reior solitble ious fing EO) de werner fran vartens rivers-on Ranearae island Date River Nu Cl Cu My K P Ss =(EC “TSS 4 June 993 Stunsail Boon 269 438 J2 Ww 3.5 2 as ? EC = electrical conductivity (deci-siemens m ‘)- “ESS = tonal suluble sults (estimated percentage t. 124 A, BIRD 4 5 - Fin 2) Henicveliophera flivialis sp. nov, Holotype female, showing dimensions of the whole nematode, Fig 3) Suchiee of pater enliche af holotype, showing arrow band or ridge running unbroken through the centre of each innule from side to side (small arrows). The aimules also cin unbroken across the surface of the cuticle Carge arrows) and there is my evidence of lateral lines. Pig. 4, Tail region of the holotype at higher magnification showing vulva (Vv) and annulated tapering tail, Note the shorter distinee between vulva and tail lip (0 contrasted with that of 7. charleston (Fig. 6). Pig 5) (Sumne magnification as Pig, 4), Head of holotype showing the long stylet (s) with its postermorly sloped busal knobs, the dixtine| media bulb, isthious wad terminal bulb, SOIL. AND FRESHWATER NEMATODES FROM KANGAROO ISLAND 125 Paratype females (Measurements Table 2) Fiymology The name is derived trom L, fluvialis, of or belong- ing toa river. Diagnosis and relationships Hemievcliophora fluvialis sp. nov. resembles H. charlestoni Reay, 1984 but differs in having its vulva closer to the tail tip, fewer annules between its vulva and tail lip, no observable lateral lines. unbroken mid-annular transverse bauds or grooves and a lower VL/VB ratio (Figs 3,4, 6. Table 2). Hemieveliophora /luvialis differs from H. literalis Reay, 1984 in hay- ing w shorter distance between its vulva and tail tip, no observable lateral lines. unbroken mid-annular transverse bands or grooves, fewer annules between its S-E pore and the tip of its head, a lower VL/VB ratio and in the absence of the characteristic yulyal fold of the outer cuticle found in most //, literalis (Figs 3, 4, 7. Tuble 2) (Reay 1984: Ye & Geraert 1997), The new species differs from A. wallacet um \ 6 Viv. 6. Tail tegion al HW. eharlesteni (paratype “2 WINC Reay, 1984 in having a much larger stylet (114 um compared with $2 tm), more annules between its vulva and tail tip and a higher VI/VB ratio (Table 2) and from A. eucalypt Reay, 1984 in having aw lower De Man’s index b, a larger stylet (114 pnt compared with 104 pm), more annules, a higher Rex, RW and VL/YB ratio (Table 2). Eutobrilus heptepapillatus (Joubert & Heyns, 1979) Tsalolikhin, 1981] (FIGS &-10, Table 3) Material examined 7 33 Rocky River, KI (35° 57° S, 136" 42° B) coll, A. F. Bird, 3, vi. 1993, SAMA AHC 28116. ANIC 701, WINC 2023. Measurements: Table 3 Relationships and remarks Eutobrilus heprapapillanis is one of the most com- mon nematode inhabitants at the water's edge of 7 IG8A - (KY) showing the distunce between vulva aud iil lip (arrows) Tor comparison with that of A. flaviclis sp. nev, (Pig. 4). Fig, 7. Tail region of H. fiterafis (pacatype & WINC [78C Cannowsa (HO) showine the characteristic vulval fold of the ouler cuticle |26 A. F. BIRD TaBee 2. Comparisons of measurements of females of Hemicycliophora fluvialis sp. nov. from Rocky River (KU) with those published for ather species from South Australia. H. fluviali. Ay A. charlestoni (Reay 1984) n= 10 nh=12 Parts measured (um) Range Mean SD ~~ Range Mean Body length (L) 974-1278 1096 +83 1000-1420 1222 De Man’s index a 2939 34 dnd # b 5.25.9 55 403 53-65 60 V% 85-88 86.2 +1.0 82-87 84 VL 120-160) 138) 413) 159-220 195 Stylet length 107-118 114 -+4.5 100-1202 m TORS 82 +3.2 82-84 83 R 279-352, 307 427) 277-316 = 297 Rex 50-54 S52 +15 49-58 33 Ry 25-33 30 +2.6 nd Roharynx (oes) 48-58 52 43.4 nd RV 49-59 53. 43.2 54-05 60 VL/VB 40-48 44 403 45-63 52 a ' nd = not determined. H. litoralis (Reay 1984) HA, wallacei (Reay 1984) Hy, eucalypt (Reay 1984) n= 52 n=27 n=11 Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean 850-1380) I114) 870-1130 = 1007) 870-1200 LOS6 nd nd nd 4.7-6.6 5.5 5.1-6.3 59 54-67 6.2 82-86 Bd 87-90 89 86-89 87 156-200 178 101-131 Hl 116-148 137 94-118 109 77-88 82 97-113 104 §2-85 84 79-85 83 83-87 S4 299-380 = 3260 267-305) 285) 190-221 206 60-73 66 49-57 53 39-44 4) nd nd nd nd nd nd 48-69 55 31-44 36 30-37 33 4.8-7.3 57 3.1-3.9 35 32-42 37 TABLE 3. Comparisons of measurements of males of Eutobrilus heptapapillatus fran Rocky River (KI) with other populations, Parts measured (um) Body length (L) Max, body width Pharynx (oes) length Tail length Body width at anus Spicule Gubernaculum De Man's index a b te . y dist. S554 #1 " nd = not determined. “Oh dist. Ss5-Sy = distance between supplementary organs 5 and 4, expressed as a percentage Rocky River n Range 1700-2136 45-68 303-361 187-209 30-34 50-57 27-33 3L-40 5,2-6.2 8.5-10.5 5.7-6.7 19-26 (Swart & Heyns L988) South Africa Sit n=7 Mean SD Range Mean 19524185 1550-2120 19230 5547 “nd 53 33] +24 nd 369 199 +7 211-300) 244 3341 nd 38 $443 48-57 53 30 + 2 55-39 37 36435 32-4] 36 5.9403 §.1-5.3 4.2 O8+1 6.2-8.8 7.9 6.1+03 5.8-8.() 65 2242 16-18 17.4 between these supplements (Bird 1995). Lake Albert (Bird 1995) n=5 Range Mean 1873-2000 = 1931 64-77 7 305-327 311 168-191 179 36-41 38 50-55 54 23-36 31 26-30) 27 4.7-6.6 6.2 10.4-1 1.6 10.8 44- 5.3 4.7 16-23 20 of the Lake Alexandrina (Bird 1995) n=5 Range 1800-1990 60-70 270-315 {40-)92 42-40 52-56 30-36 28-31 6,1-7.0 9,9-12.9 4.4-4.8 17-22 Mean 1896 66 290, 173 38 33 33 29 6.6 Hl 4.6 19 sum of the distances SOIL AND FRESHWATER NEMATODES FROM KANGAROO ISLAND \27 10 3 Oum Fig. 8. Montage of whole Eutobrilus heptapapillatus & showing its overall thinner appearance than the same species from the mainland lakes (Table 3), Fig, 9. Tail region of nematode shown in Fig. 8 ata higher magnification and showing the supplementary organs (numbered urrows). Fig. 10. Head region of nematode shown in Fig. § ata higher magnification and showing the pharynx and associated glands (arrows). 128 A.F. BIRD 14 50um ™ Fig. 11. Living Hemicriconemoides minor & showing shape and sive. Note copulatory spicules (arrow) and absence of a buccal stylet. Fig. 12. Living #. miner Y showing shape and size, Note position of yulya (v) and the pronounced buecal stylet (s). Figs 13 & 14. Living A. minor 2 & showing evidence for serpentine movement (Fig. 13) and ring formation (Fig, 14), Note the off set heads (h) (cephalic annules) and the buccal stylets (s). These mainkind specimens haye identical measurements to the Roeky River population (Table 4). SOIL AND FRESHWATER NEMATODES FROM KANGAROO ISLAND Rocky River, making up almost 40% of the nema- tode population of the sumples collected. This &. heplapapillatis population uppers lo be morpholog ioally intermediate between the South Afmean popu- ladon (Swart & Heyns 1988) and thase from Lakes Albert and Alexandrina in South Australia (Bird 1995), The population rom Kangaroo Island resem- bles its South African counterpart in maximum bacly width and De Man’s indices a and ¢* and is thinner than the populations fron the South Australian lakes (Fig. &, Table 3). It resembles the lake populations in the size of the gubemaculam and percentage distance between the supplementary organs S5 and Sy (Pig. 9, Table 3). The Kangaroo Islund population is inter mediate between the South Affieai and South Australian lakes populations in pharynx length (Fig. 10, "Table 3), tail length and De Man’s indices b and &. I has a narrower body width at the level of its anus than any of the other populations but all the popula- tions resemble each other in body length and spicule size (Table 3). The morphological differences between the Rocky River population of EL heptapapillatus and popula- tions of this species from Lakes Alexandrina arid Albert may be a reflection of the isolation of Kangaroo Island trom the mainland of South Australia some 9500 years ago (Lampert 1979). Ibis jo0 (hought that prior to separation from the mainland (he ancient River Murray ran past the eastern tip of Kungaroo [sland less than 10 kin away from it. The subsequent retreating of the river, the [ormation of the ishind and the Onset of more atid conditions. as indicated by changes in the vegetation, would have subjected the tobrilids in Rocky River to environ- mental pressure greater than those in the billubonys of the River Murray, Hemicriconemoides miner Brzeski & Reay, 1982 (FIGS 11-14, Table 4) Material examined 15 2 2 from soil adjacent lo Rocky River. KI (35° 57° S, 136° 42° EB) coll. A. BE Bird. 3. vi. 1993, SAMA ATIC 28117. ANIC 702, WINC 2024. Remarks Kuitpo Forest near the township of Meadows and 30 km south of Adelaide is the type locality for Hemicriconemoides minor. However, this species ts widely spread throughout the southern parts of Australia and has been found in virgin karri and mum forests south of Manjimup, Western Australia, in forest soi] near Cape Jervis. South Australia, in Tani 4d Comparivans of measurements of females of a Hemicriconemoides minor population collected close to the hanks af Rocky River (33° 57° S, 136° 42° E) an Kangaroo lslane compared with those of the paratypes and hatoivpe from a Kuitpo Forest population onthe meiniand af South Australia. Rocky River n=I5 Farts measured (yin) Range Mean Body length (L) 203.383 328.8 Deu Man’s index a 13.6-17.7 135.4 * b 34-49 33 a “nl nd a Vv 87 7-94.9 Y\_) VL/VB 1,2-1.5 13 Stylet 63,3-70.01 05.3 R 110-127 18 RK (n=5) 3.44.1 3.5 Ry 24.26 25,1 Ro harynns (uus} A641 38.5 RV “1 Wht Rey nd nd Ryan nd od Roy, nd nd Kuitpo Porest (Brzeski & Reay 1982) Paratypes Holotype n=16 5D Range Mean +214 200-370 420) 340) +13 12-15 I4 15 +03 2.8444 3.4 3,3 O27 23 26 42] 91-94 92 92, +O {+15 1a 15 +21 56-68% 63 65 +45 {19-135 TTS ty =O04 nd ne nd +015 nd md nid +15 nd wad ne +06 1.13 {2 3 32-49 37 Bia] 1-5 4+ 5 68 7 z “hd = nat determined, [a0 ACT, BIRD woodland adjicent to the River Murray in the Sunraysia district of Victoria, on the slopes of ML William jn the Craripiin Mountains of Victoria and iW ftinforest new the Hollver River, O4 km south oF Hurnic i Tasmiaiia (Braeski & Reay 182. Reay & Coalbyan (986), Tis thus Hat surprising that it has now been found on Kangaroo Istind in the sed under miivebush in Flinders Chase National Park about 20 in fram Rocky River. Comparison Of ineisurements of the Flinders Chie femiles with the holotype ferale ane nuratype females of Ao rie Cron Kuiper Forest Hluhle 4) slow that they are remarkably sinilar. Henticvivanemoides mindk belongs tO the Family Creonemutdae, As its speeilic mame suagests, 18 a small neniatmile with the adult fenide having: a ehar uelerisiic stubhy shape (Pigs 12-1), Both mies und femiles ure bout YG nom ia leneth. Crivonemutids we CoMpNonly KHowrnas Ting nematodes hecalise oF (heir suusuge shuped boul) that airy bend pate a rie inthe living stute (Mig. [4), These nematodes haye pronounced hody annules and a long styler The anus Memicriconnoides is characterized hy: the Jomule hayime a double cuticle, We outer being sheullstike wil retrose anmulations, The head tay he rounded wy aatine (hig. (2) or offset, us can be Seen im the living state (Bigs La. 14), The speemuathe ea ithe H, dinar specimen depicted in Figure 12 is Alle with sper and the vulva is open, Maleswere not found in-sod from the sample site adjacent to Rocky Riveralthough they have been deseribed Trans the Grampian Mourttains im Vietora (Rey & Colbyan }986) and were found in seit (ron: KRyeema Conservation Park, cust ob Williaa and) south: ol Adelvide (Migs 11). They are narrower thin fertles und lick u buccal stylet. Males have vot been four iWomany of the sites front which females have heen deseyibed. Because i) wis not possible ta locale clearly the positions of either the SE pore or (he anus in the 5 female specimens measured trom Rocky River (Hible 4). figures tor De Man's index © and Ry... Ry, UH Ry re Not given, However figures for RU, A, and Rohwvng (ons which have nal previuds- ly been determined, are provided. Tn all cases where compurible measucenents have been made (Table 4) the Roeky River population closely resembles (he I puralype females of AL atiner trom Kuitpo Forest. in spite of a physical separation by sea for O.500 yours. Discussion I} is interesting lo specuhite upon the effeets of environmental change on animal populitions, Both Of flavialis wand bo heprapapitlams collected front Water logued soils at the waters edge of Rocky River showed ditlerences Moni closely telated oa similar species/populations on the miaintind of South Australia whereas (he population af Wo tine col lected Drom soil adjacent to the river but ander atur- We vegetition was indistingnishable from a spectes/population on the mainland (Table 4), 1 is likely thal the environment of ihe river bed in Rocky River whieh dries ip into poals in the summer ane (the sie up river from the road bridge whieh dies oul completely (2. Siithersen pets. cami, 1999) would Hlucthale uch more thin Thabof the botlors of Tikes Albert und Aloxindrinae where other populations of EO heptapupillains are Vound. Subjecuion ka regular sireeses of dryitie and wetting could explain Why, fot imstince, A. heplipapilhitus trom Roeky River ray have some similar morphological characteristics 1 /. hepepapillaiis Lom doshas nine water Hole ty the Tsisikaiia National Park in Cupe Province, RAA, Wiech neither populition shares Wilh those of Eley rapeqpitlats trom the (wo lakes (Table 3), An exis ple of this can he found tithe mein widths. Thee OL. heprapapillaniy from the lakes is greater than that of (he specimens from Reeky River ind Tsilsikumi National Park (7) und 66 um compared wilh 55 und 53 pum). Tr would be inleresting 10 kins ithe Kanguroo Ishin and South Alricun pupula- tions hive greater capability ol surviving desiccation Uw the likes” populations, Environmental Muctuations ab the sie where Jf, imine Was colleeted. under mative vegekuion iT soil some 20 rn from the river's cage. would mat be near ly os great as ot the riparian site and avould be sini har lo the various dimilnd silesowhete AL pater las heen collected, This may account lor their close mor pholovical simikuities (Ruble +), Although @ considerable amount oF research has been done on the macrolauna of kangaroo island hy many workers (Tyler ef al. 1979) there has been lt Ue or no research into microscopic soil und fresh waler nematodes, However (hey are very mach a part of the soil and wiler eovironment amd are a nal ural component of any studies on environmental biology und biodiversity. Acknowledgements { thank J. Bird for constructive criticism ol the manuscript. CSIRO Land and) Water provided aeepmmucdalion, facilities und the expertise of A, Beech (water unulyses), G, EB. Rinder (miupping) and the library stall T should like to thank Red. Tlis (District Ranger Kangaroo Iskind W) Cor penmission lo colleer soil suniples From Flinders Chase Natoma Park, This: resvareh was made possible by a vrant Hon the Australian Biologicul Resources: Study SOIL AND FRESHWATER NEMATODES FROM KANGAROO ISLAND 131 References Birp, AW F. (1995) Studies on Ewobrilus heptapapillaius (Nematoda: Tobrilidac) the predominant nematode inhabiting the bottoms of Lakes Albert and Alexandrina, South Australia, Trans. WY. Soc. S. Aust. 19, 133-141. (1999) A comparison of some — soil microinvertebrate assemblages in Southern Australia. Ibid. 123, 69-75, Brzeski, M. W. & Reay, B. (1982) Heniicriconemoides miner sp, n. with observations on four other species of the genus (Nematoda: Criconematidae). Revue Nématol. §, 327-334. Lamprrr, R. J. (1979) Aborigines pp. 81-89 In Tyler, M.J.. Twidale, C. R. & Ling, J. K. (Eds) “Natural History of Kangaroo Island” (Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide), ReAY, EF. (1984) Plant nematodes from Australia: Studies on Hemicycliophoridae (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Revie Nematol. 7, 367-384. ——— & Conpran, R. C. (1986) Australian plant nematodes: two new species of Hemicriconenmoides Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957 with notes on H. minor Brzeski & Reay, 1982 and H. gabrici (Yeates, 1973) Raski, 1975 (Nematoda: Criconematidae). (hid. 9, 325- 336. Swart, A. & Heyns, J. (1988) Redescription of Eutobrilus heptapapillatus (Joubert & Heyns, 1979) Tsalolikhin, 1981 with notes on its morphology and a possible excretory system (Nematoda: Tobrilidae). Phytophylactica 20, 161-168. TYLER, M, J.. Twipare, C. R. & Ling, J. K. (Eds) (1979) “Natural History of Kangaroo Island” (Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide), Yratus, G, W. & Birp, A. F, (1994) Some observations on the influence of agricultural practices on the nematode faunae of some South Australian soils. Fundam. appl. Nematol, 17, 133-145. Yr, W. & GERAERT, E. (1997) Plant parasitic nematodes from the Solomon Islands with a description of Boleodorus solomonensis.. Nematologica 43, 431- 454. A NEW SPECIES OF EIMERIA (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) FROM THE STICK-NEST RAT, LEPORILLUS CONDITOR (RODENTIA: MURIDAE) By MICHAEL G. O’CALLAGHAN* & PETER J. O’ DONOGHUET Summary O’Callaghan, M. G. & O’Donoghue, P. J. (1999) A new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the stick-nest rat, Leporillus conditor (Rodentia: Muridae). Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. (1999) 123(4), 133-135, 30 November, 1999. A new species of Eimeria is described from five of eight (62.5%) stick-nest rats, Leporillus conditor from South Australia. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria leporilli sp. nov. are ovoidal to sub-spheroidal, 19.3 x 15.7 ym, with a double oocyst wall, no micropyle, no oocyst residuum, with four ellipsoidal sporocysts 9.4 x 6.2 wm, slightly pointed at one end with a knob-like Steida body, each containing two sporozoites. Attempts to infect laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus, with sporulated oocysts from stick-nest rats were unsuccessful. Key Words: Coccidia, Eimeria, Eimeria leporilli sp. noy., Rodentia, Muridae, Leporillus conditor, stick-nest rat, Australia. Transactions of Me Rayal Saucier of 8 Ause (1999). 123(4), 133-135. A NEW SPECIES OF EIMERIA (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) FROM THE STICK-NEST RAT, LEPORTLLUS CONDITOR (RODENTIA: MURIDAE) by MicwArt G. O'CaLLAghaAn® & Petix J, O° DoNOGHURY Summary OC ALLAGHAN, M.-G. & © Donogtitn. PL (1999) A new species of Kineria (Apicomplexa: Limeridae) (rom the sticknest ral, Leperitius couditor (Rodentia: Muridae), Trans: R. Sec. 8. Aust, (1999) 123), 134-135, November, 1999, A new species of Boneria is desetibed from tive of cight 162.590) stick-nest nits, Leporilus conditor [rom Soulh Australie, Sporulated oovysts of Binierid teporill] sp. nov.are Ovoidal to sub-spheroidal 19/4 % 15-7 pn. With a double oocyst wall, no micropyle, no ooeyst residuurn, with four ellipsoidal sporoeysts 4 x 6.2 Lom, shytitly pointed at one end with w knob-like Steida body, each contuinmy two sporozaites. Atempes to intel laboratory rats, Reis rervegicus. with sporulated oocysts from stick-nest raly were unsuccessful. Kny Worbs: Coccidia, Eimeria, Eimeria leporiiii sp. noy.. Rodentia. Muridae. Leparifluy conditar, stick-pest ral, Australia. Introduction Enrerie coecidia have not previously been reported in the suck-nest rat, Leporilus cendirar (Sturt. }S58). Indeed, all previous revords of etineriid coceidia in rodents from Australia have been restricted to Rats norvegicus, RK. vali and Muy musculus (cl, Mackerras $958). A novel Kimeria sp. was discovered inh. Gondifar and is deseribed here as new. The validity and host speeificity of the Kimeria sp. was examined by attempted cross- transmission to Radius norvegicus, Materials and Methods Haveal samples were collected from eight stick nest ruts from Franklin Ustand, South Australia trom JUS to 1997, Two suinples were collected trom animals whieh were subsequently transterred trom the wild popubiion oi Franklin [sland lo a captive colony ut the Monat Fauna bacility, South Australia. Puceal samples were stored at roam lemperature for three weeks in 2% (w/v) aqueous potassium dichromute to allow nacysts to sporulate- Subsamples were mixed in saturated sucrose solution (S.G. 133) and obeysts recovered by centritugal flotation, Oocysts were examined microscopically using an off immersion [00x = South Austrilion Research aol Development isetute, GPO Mer 307 Adehude S. Aust S00} and Departments ol eevirimentil Biology and Mictoblology ind Tmimtinotigy. The University ot Adehide Aust, SO08, § Department of Microbinlogy andl Parisilotogy. The University ot Otwornsditiel Broshune Qh! objective with a Nomarski differential interference contrast systein and were measured using an eyepicee graticule calibrated wath an Olympus objective micrometer. Measurements in the text are given in micrometres (4m), mean + standard deviation with range in parentheses, A phototype of the sperulated Ooeyst hus been deposited in the US National Moseum, Beltsville Maryland, Parasite Collecuhion (UISNPC No. 88842). Cross transmission Study Two two month old laboratory -reared coucidia-lree oulbred Sprague-Dawley rats, Ralins norregicHs Berkenhout 1769, were obtained from the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Scienee, Adelaide. Animals were housed in a plastic caee with pre-sterilized bedding and accessed water and sterilized commercial rodent pellets ad [hitnm. Both were exposed to natural light/dark and) temperature patterns (ay. min. L7> Clay. max, 21° C) and isolated froin other rodents, One rut was inoculated with 5,000 and the other with 10,000 sporulinted oueysts harvested from three stick-nest cats by centrifugal HolaGion in saturated sucrose solution. washed three times in tap water, counted ina haemocylomerer und viven orally using a syringe Titled with plastic tubing. These ooeysts were harvested from fuecul sumples collected in July. 1997 and were stored at room temperature in 2% (w/v) aqueous potassium dichromate for less than 82 days. Paecal samples were colleeted before Thoculation to ensure the inoculated animily were Hot passing oocysts. Following inoculation, faces) samples were collected daily and examined lor oocysts for 24 days. 144 M. G. OCALLAGHAN & P, J, O; DONOGHUE Results Coceidial oocysts were detected in faeces from live of eight (62.5%) stick-nest rats examined. The morphological configuration of the oocysts conformed to those of the genus Eimeria in that they contained four sporocysts per oocyst and two sporozoiles per sporocyst. The coccidian species detected was considered new on the basis of morphological characteristics, noyel host species and apparent host specilicity as infections could not be estublished in A. norvegicus. Eimeria leporilli sj. nov. (FIGS 1-3) Material examined Oocysts in fueces from 5 Leporillus conditor. 4 originating {rom Franklin Island, SA, (22° 27° S. }33" 40° E), 2. vi. 1988, 21. vi, 1988. 27. vi L988, 14. yii.l997, and 1 from captive animals transferred from Franklin [sland to Monarto, SA (35° 07° S. 139° 09° EB). 27. vii. 1997. USNPC No. 88842, Deseription Oocysts ovoidal or subspheroidal. 19.3 + 2.3 (14 - 25) x 15.7 + 1.6 (11S - 19) (n = 100); mean leneth:width ratio 1.2; oo¢yst wall bi-layered, outer layer colourless, smooth, 1.0 thick: inner layer colourless, 0.6 thick; micropyle and oocyst residuum absent; predominantly 1, but up to 5 refractile polar granules present; 4 ellipsoidal sporocysts 9.4 + 1.25 (7.3 - 13) x 6,2 + 0.71 (4.2 - 8.2) (n = 100): slightly pointed at one end with a conspicuous knob-like Steida body; sub-Steida hody absent; 2 sporozoites filling sporocyst; large refractile globule 2.4 - 3.2 in diameter at posterior end; ellipsoidal sporocyst residuum, 2.4 in diameter at equator of sporocyst, composed as an aggrevation of numerous granules, Type |ost Leporillus coniitor (Sturt, 1848) Stick-nest ral. Locality Franklin Island, SA (32° 27° S, 133° 40° B), Lecation in hast Ooeysts in faeces: endogenous stages unknown, Etymology Specific name derived from the generic name of ithe host. Crosxs-transmission study Over the 24 day observation period. coccidia were not recovered from the faeces of two KR nurvegicus inoculated wilh sparulated oocysts [rom stick-nest rats, Discussion Coveidia of the genus Eimeria ure typically host specific; it is rare for these parasites to infect more than one host and many species are known only by the morphology of the oocysts and by the identity of the host in which they are found (Joyner 1982). Upton er al. (1992) suggested that some rodent Fig. |. Eimeria leporillr sp.nov. from captive stick-nest rat - sporulated oocyst. Scale bar = 10 kum. Fig. 2. E, leporilli sp, nov. front stick-nest rat on Franklin Island - sporulated oocyst. Scale bar = 10 tum, A NEW SPECIES OF EIMERIA FROM THE STICK-NEST RAT 13 vil Fir. 3. Composite line drawing of sporulated oovyst of E. leporilli, Scale bar = 10 um. coccidia are less specific in their host range and may be able to infect different, usually phylogenetically related. species. In this study, the Eimeria sp. detected in stick-nest rats did not establish an infection in experimentally inoculated R, nervegicus. The inability to infect Ro vorvegicus confirms the distinctness from coccidia previously reported in rodents in Australia (Mackerras 1958). However, the host range of coccidian species from native rodents remains to be determined by further comprehensive coprologicul and cross transmission studies. In addition, histological studies on gut sections are required to determine the endogenous developmental eyeles and to indicate the potential pathogenicity of infeclions. Eimeria leporilli sp. ney. exhibited variation in oocyst and sporocyst size. up to 40% and 43% respectively in each animal. Considerable variation in oovyst and sporocyst size 1s Known to occur for many Eimeria species, some varying as much as 40% (Duszynski 1971). In the absence of other distinguishing characteristics, the coccicia described here are considered to be a single species with considerable size variation in the oocyst and sporocyst Acknowledgment We thank S. Conaghty for providing sumples from the captive animals. References Duszynski. D. W. (1971) Increase in size of Limerta separate ooeysts during patency. J. Parcasital, 57, 948-952, Jownrr, L. P. (1982) Host and site specificity pp. 35-57 In Long, P. L. (Ed.) “The biology of the eoecidia” (Edward Arnold, London). Mackerras, M. J. (1958) Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites: Part 1. Eutheria. Proc. Linn, Soe, N.S. W. 83, 126-143. Upron, S. J... McAuusrer, C, T., BRitLHART, D. B., Duszynskt, D. W, & Wasi. C.D. (1992) Cross- transmission studies with Eimeria ariconensis-like oocysts (Apicomplexa) in New World rodents of the genera Baiomys, Neotoma, Onychomys, Pernyscus, and Reithrodontomys (Muridae). 4. Parasitol, 78, 406- 413, CLOACINIDAE (NEMATODA: STRONGYLOIDEA) INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES DORCOPSINEMA SIMILE, FROM DORCOPSULUS VANHEURNI (MARSUPIALIA: MACROPODIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA By L. R. SMALES* Summary Smales, L. R. (1999) Cloacinidae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) including a new speces, Dorcopsinema simile, from Dorcopsulus vanheurni (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Papua New Guinea. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(4), 137-142, 30 November, 1999, Paralabiostrongylus bicollaris, Dorcopsistrongylus labiacarinatus, Coronostrongylus coronatus and Macropostrongylus sp. are recorded from the stomach of the lesser forest wallaby Dorcopsulus vanheurni from Doido in Papua New Guinea. Key Words: Dorcopsulus vanheurni, Dorcopsinema, nematodes, Cloacinidae, marsupials, Australia, Papua New Guinea. Trunsuctions of te Royal Society of 8. Atisn (1999), 123 (4). 137-142. CLOACINIDAE (NEMATODA: STRONGYLOIDEA) INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES, DORCOPSINEMA SIMILE, FROM DORCOPSULUS VANHEURNI (MARSUPIALIA: MACROPODIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA by L. Ro SMALES* Summary SMADPA, L. Ry (1999) Cloucinidae (Nematoda: Strongyloides) ticluding a Hew species. Dereapenieniad sil, from Parcopsatis vanhenn’ (Marsupials Macropodidie) trom Papua New Guinea, Tram. RB. Soo 8. Aust $2304). 137-142. 30 November, 1999, Tifaliblosthnigy tin bicoliiels, Dotcopsistronuvlis liblecariatis. Coratostromieylin cormudtin aid Mocrpostinivies spare recorded from the stomach of the lesser forest wallaby Deneopsufiys veurenane rom Doide in Papua New Guinea, Dorcopsinema simile sp, nov. is described from the same host and locality, Doreopyinenu simile differs Crom 2. dervopsis. the only other species of Dorcopsineme vecuing i forest wallabies. i having the nerve cing anterior to the deirids rather than posterion huger eggs (120 pix O85 pon compared with US pints $7.5 pin) a shorter vagina (200-470 prim compared with 680 pom) and lateral branchlets avisiig abterio’ 66 the bifircation OF the dorsal tay tithes than posterior to iL The fourth shige larva is described Nrevised key to the species of Dercopsineme is eiven, Ananulysis of the helminths occurring in Doreupsaltis, Dorvopsis iim Denidrodigs suggests that the forest wallabies have oo more diverse community thi the tree- hunwornos. iieliding components which are exelisive le the wlind of Ney Gumesas well us components (hat ure common to bath the Agstralian continent and New Guiness, Kiy Wokps New Cuiney Introduction The venus Dercupsinena Mawson, 1977 comprises strofeyloid nematades of the Fantily Cloacinidae (Stossich, 1899) oevurring in the stomuchs of tree hungatoos, Deadroliguy Mueller & Sehlegel, (839 nd forest wallabies Dareapyis Seblewel & Mueller (842 (see Bayles 1o40: Muwson 1977. Sinales l982a, 1997), There are, however, few records of puasitie helminths from the related genus of forest wallibies Dercopwulis Maischie, TY¥IG and none fram Dro vanheurat (Thomas, 1922) (see Spran ef al 19), Pour specimens of the small forest wallaby De vanhenrni collected front the Chimbu Province of Papua New Guinew in 1984 by RB, Speare were Pound lo have is diverse community of stomach nematodes. A new species Of Doreupsineme is deserihed in this paper, New host records far other speeies of the Closemidae found in the stomachs ol the animals exuimined are given below and new species of’ the sens Cleacine yor Litstow, PSY% are reported elsewhere, Materials and \lethods Stomach conents of lesser forest wallabies were Asxcihin LOG formalin i the field. Subsequently the ‘Sehoul al Brotowieal and (invirgencibal Selemas. Contest Queenshindt Uoiverity Mockhoc yin Ohba, Dorcopsitis verhena’, Dencopatiena, nenatodes, Cloaeiduc, ciaescipils. Atistribin Papua contents were wished in water ta remove the formalin, nematodes were removed, washed again and stored in 70% ethanol, Worms were cleared in lactophenal prior to examination. Specimens from Dorcopsulus sp. deposited in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH), were alsa examined, Measurements Of 10 specimens. in micrometres unless otherwise sided. were made using an oeulir micrometer and are presented as the range followed by the mean ti parentheses, Figures were preparce with the aid of a drawing tbe, Host names follow Flannery (1995), Nematode clissificution and (crminology lollow Beveridge (1987). ALP material his been deposited in the South Australiin Museum, Adcluide (SAMA), Results Light specimens of Pardlaibiosteongvlis bicallariy Simales, 1982) (Closeininiie Stossich, 1899 Labiostrongy lined Beveridge, 1983) from three host animals, 39 specimens of Doreupsistroney sits fublacorinias Smiles. (982 (Cloweininie Pharyngostrongytiiea Popova. (952) from fou hosts. 37 speciinens of Coronas rong das COMME Johnston & Mawson, 1939 (Cloueininue Coronostrongylinga Beveridge, 1986) from four hosts dnd one specimen of Macropasrroneylis sp. Yorke & Miuplestone. 1926 (Cloacininie; Macroposirongylinea Lichlentels, 1980) Tron one host were found. Each of these is a new host record, 148 1. RK. SMALES Pigs 1-15. Darcapsinema simile sp. nov. 1, Anterior end (ventral yiew). 2, Cephalic end, lip-like elements extended (ventral View). 3. Cephahe end, lip-like elements not extended (lateral view), 4. Spicule. anterior end. 5. Oesophago-intestinil junction (lateral view), 6. Cephalic cad, opucal secbon (dorsal view). 7, Cephalic end, optical section (ateral yiew), 8. Gubernaculum (ventral view). 9. Posterior end. female (lateral view). LO. Cephalic end (en fue view). 11. Spicule tip (lateral view), 12. Ovejector (yentral view), 13, Female tail tip. 14, Deirid, 15, Genital cone (dorsal view). Scales burs = 500um J; SOum 2 - 4.6.7, 13; 200um 5,9, 12: 25pm 8, WO. 17, 14. 05. NEMATODES FROM NEW GUINEAN WALLABIES 139 Figs 16-22. Dorcopyinema simile spo ney. 16. Bursa (apical view), 17, Bursa (lateral view), 1S. Pourth stage larva, cephalic end (lateral view), 19) Fourth stage larva, oesophage intestinal junction showing developing diverticula (hiteral view). MM). Fourth stage larva, developing female wil 21. Fourth srige larva, developing mile (il, 22. Fourth stige lurva, cephalic end (fare view) Seale bars = [00pm 16, 17; 25 Dorcopsineme simile sp. nov. (FIGS 1-22) Types > Holotype 2 allotype &. paratypes 54 cd 72 FP from stomach of Dorcopsilus vanheurnt (Thomius.1922), Doidy {6° 33° 8. 4° Sir be), Chimbu Provinee, Pupua New Guinew. coll. R. Speare, | 7v. 1984 SAMA AHC 31526, ATIC 31327, und ALC 31328 respectively. Other material examined » Prom Dorcapsuliy ver henrnis 2 SSL 1 2,4 larvae sume dala AHC31329, From Daorcapsulus sp. $3, 2 29 Lae (6° 44° 8, 147" 007 FE), Morobe Provinee. Papua New Guinea, coll. N.T. Talbot, BMH 1970), 499-505. Desevipnon Relatively large worms; body with fine transverse cliliculu striations, Cephalic exwemity with wide, pm 18, 19, 22; 50pm 20, 24. well-defined fleshy collar bearing two amphids, each on dome-like projection, and tour cephalic papillae; perioral cuticle forming eight selerotised lip-like processes arising within buccal capsule. Buccal capsule short, cylindrical, walls well sclerotised. within region of colli Oesophagus long, clavate. ubout 20% body length. Oesophiago-intestinal diverticula small; length of diverticula less than main) Width of oesophagus, Male Length 16 — 24 (20) mm, maximum width 665 1105 (760). Buceal capsule 60 8&5 (75) wide x 75 — 100 (88) deep. Oesophagus 3.500 — 4.760 (4,110) long. Nerve ring S80) 735 (665), demids 735 — 9460 (855), Secretory-excretury (S-E) pore 890 — 1155 (1020) from anterior end. Bursal lobes not separates 140 LR. SMALES dorsal lobe longest, ventral lobes shortest. Ventroventral and ventrolateral rays apposed, reaching niargin of bursa: externolateral ray divergent, nol reaching margin of bursa: mediolateral and) posterolateral rays apposed, reaching margin of bursa; externodorsal ray dirising close to lateral trunk, not reaching margin of bursa; dorsal trunk stoul, bifureating al about '/3 its length, rays reaching margins of bursa; each ray branching anterior to level al’ bifurcation, lateral branchlets not reaching margin Of bursa, Spieules JO85 — 2055 (1850) long, 9% body lengthy anterior extremities irregularly koobbed: distal tips slightly curved, Moely striated browd alte not extending lo spicule Hips. Genital cone prominent: anterior lip) larger conieal, extending almost to limit of ventril lobes: posterior lip smatter with 3 pairs posteriorly direeted appendages. short central projection, Gubermaculuns reetungu ir, hemale Length 28 — 42 (31) om. maximum width 1020— 1540 (1190), Bueecal capsule 80 — 100 (97) wide x 92 101 (99) deep, Oesophagtis 4040 — 5450 (5640) lous. Nerve ring 790 — 870 (835), deirids 870 970 (925). S- F pore 935-1225 (1005) from anterior ena. Yau 970 — 1190 (L090) long ending in pointed tip: vulva immediately anterior to anus, 2U75 — 2530 (2290) from posterior end. Vagina show, straight, 300 — 470 (410) longs vestibule muscular about sane length as sphincters. infundibula shorter yas ellipsoidal 119 — 122 (120) % 66 69 (68S). hourth stage lurve ys Ay Length 5-8 mm, width 270-660. Qesophazus 1700-2295 long. S - pore 345-670 Tram unieriat end. Mlestiy collar not developed at cephylic end, 6 per-orah lip-like processes: present, Anterian end af Intestine developing into diverticuls, Pail 2&5 25 lon, Eiyinlasy The spewifiv nance siiile celers Lo the sinilarrbies hemweed tis Hew speeies and Dorcupslnena (arcopaiy abso oceurring in forest wilhibles, Reurarks Doreopsinenut sinle sp. nov. is very siibir lo 2. dorcopsis purtedliorly Wi having ehhh perioral lip like processes atound the Mouth, a fleshy cephalic coll and ja the length of the oesophagus ine spicules. Dorcopalneni sinile differs in the eelarive positions of rhe nerve ring and denis. the nerve hig being more anrevian than in 2. dercapsty (S83 737 conpwed with 737-985), This resulls in the deinds being posterior to the nerve ring rather than anterior to it us He BD. darcapyiy. Other differences between the two species are that the ees of D, vimile are larger (120% 68.5) than those of 2, darcapyiy (IIS & 57,5), DB. atmile females have Shorter tails (970-1190 compared with 1120-1430) und shorter vaginae (300-470 compared with O80) than JL dereapsis, Darcopsineimia simile las three pairs Of appendages on the posterior lip of the genital cone and the lateral branchlets of the dorsal ney urise slightly auterior to its bildreation from the dorsal wink whereas 2 dercopsiy has tour pairs ot Uppendages on the posterior lip of The genital cone wid the lateral branchlets of the dorsal tay arise slighlly posterior to its hifureation From the dorsi trunk, Although these morphalagieul differences indy seein slight they ure consistent and ore sufficient to differentiate 2. dorcopsly from 2), Simule. Within’ the Lubiostroneylinea the Significance oof sueh minor morphological differences helween species has heen confirmed by envyme electrophoresis (Chilton & Srmales 1996, Shales & Chilton 1997), Purthermore, species pairs, readily distinguished hy the relative positions ol deirids and oerve cin have been differentiated by Chilton erat. (1993) and Beveriddze (1998) for other Clotiginid species, Dercopsinema Sintile oecurs in Br vinden Whereas Do dercopsiy oecurs in Deo mttelleri (Schlewel, 1866) and De lveniosa (IY Atbortes, I874) (sce Smiles [997), Key Lo the species of Dorcopsinema revised [rom Smiles 1997 1, With fleshy head collar hearing amphids an cervienl papillve: eight selerotised lip-like processes: spieules > 1650 im lope. Parasites of Prorrcnprsis te ofiecle sbideble ethane Wilh or without clearly “detined. Teshy. “hend collanosis sclerotised lip-like processes. Drs OF DE HALF ALBUS occurred 2, With deifids ponterior lo nerve rings laleril briichlets urising anterior lo the bifurcation of the dorsal rays vagina =480 pm long... 1 site Will) deirids anterioy mm nerve cigs hueral branchlets arising pastertor to the bifurcation ol the dorsal ray; vagina > HOU PM long. 0 arcopnis 3. Wilh clearly defined head collar deiids nea collar, spigules <= b275 pun) lone: femade tail WITHOUL SPIKE cscs dl medye Withoul cleurly defined head collar: deirids close lo nerve-ring; spiewdes = (400 pom loop: female iil with spike 1. denidraletgi NEMATODES PROM SEW GUINEAN WALLABIES Is] Discussion Atthough small the sample of four individuals Sueveyedt in this Study as indicative of the diversity of nematode species. oceurring MM most hanguras anu wallabies (Spratt e7 ai 1991). Representatives of all the tribes, excepl the Zomotdiminea (Popov, 1952) of the Cloucininue (Beveridge 1987) have heen found, Puralabiosiraugylay bicollariy und Dy. fubnicurinals are exclusive Uy the island uf New Guinea, occurrime also im De. fagent Peller, L897 and Bo, dderoasd (Smales OX2h: Spratt eral LOY). As discussed by Sniales (1997). bosts callected in Sapua New Guined und identified as Dar‘apsin recerupr Lesson, EX72 (syn, D. nnielleriy, by Smates (19820) and Spratt ec af. (P991) are now known to be Do, netitaye (Plunnery 1995S), Carmnostrongylus coronanis hus been previously ceported [hom the forest wallabies Dae hover und De. Inetuesa and is uso found in severa) tMaeropodid) genera jin Austrilia (Spratt ad ah 1991), Similarly, Macropostonevies species oecur in both Australian und Papua New Guinean hosis (Miwson 1977: Beveridge 1985) Dorcopyineme ocours only in hosts on the ishtad ol New Guinew. Tt hus not been found ins the Australian species of tree kungaroas (Spratt er el. O01) Australian tree kanparcios studied to date lave a depauperate helmiith community as compared willy olher macropodid species. Seven De- (nmotis) Colles 1884 from Queensland examined for parisites (Beveridge er ah 1992) hud unly two species, Labiostoneyiiy dendroalag? Simalis. 1905 wil Zeonielaimns demlrolag? Beveridge, 1983, present in the stomach, Hoses tram the fshund of New Guinea, however, hive a more diverse stomueh fauna, Inluding Cloacine spp. L, redmonedi Smales, 1982, Macrupoytrongyleides dendrolaut Beyendge, 1997, Mhaixanema coroatun Beveridge, 97, 4, ninwntenyiy Beveridge, LORI BPharsigestradgeyvias dendrmlag? Beveridge, |Y82. Dorcapstienta spp. wid Papovastromgylns sp (see Flannery er al 1996, Beyerdee 1997). ree kangaroos have evalved infa io group of arhoreally adapted specues oorque to New Guineas (Flannery (998), The most primitive group, however. inclides the two species De. Penetianes De Vis, A8 7a De. daiicdic i which are bound only in Australia Celarivery 1995), Ancestors of these Australian species are though! fo have migrated south aerass Torres Strait and new represent a remnant of New Goinean Guna tefl on Cape Yorke Peninsula Johnsen 1995; Martin & Johnson 1995). The forest wallabies Dercopanday and Dercopsty are now exclusive to New Guineu. Ancestral Australian uee Kangaroos may have fost components of thei helminth communities during migration south te Cape Yorke Peninsula or following isolation trom the northern populations of tree kangaroos on the ishund of New Goinea, Alternatively New Guinean lee kangaroos may have acquired w richer helminth fauna through hust switching trem the miligenats forest wallabies, after the solution of New Guinea from the Australian continent Fourth stage larvae of D. sfinife examined in this Study had three puirs of lip-like processes not four us found in the adults, This stiggests that three pairs of lip-like processes may be wa primitive condition and four pairs of Tip-like processes in vanced character ffhree pairs of lip-like provesses is the primudve condition then the Species beeurring im forest wallabies have the denved conditian, Darcepyinents darcepsiy, (be other species of DVarcopryinenid occurring in forest wallabies. alse has four pairs of lip-like processes hut 2. mhaive and 2, eenedretegs, occurring ip (ree kangaroos have only three pairs. Forest wallabies, however. are primitive browsing species While tree kangaroos are evolved arboreal species (Plannery 1989), By contrast. trends towards ainipliciy of male characters fron 2. darcapacy wo 2. mbaise were tinted by Stnales (1997) sligeesting 4 period of co-evolulion of Dercepsinema and tree kangaroos. The helmint data from both groups of macropodid hosts are fragmentary und additional surveys of their helminth populations (ire needed before the existence of any paltertin can te determined, Acknowledgments My thinks to L Beveridge who made the material available and to E. Harris. Natural History Museuin, London and J. Porrest South Australian Museuni. Adelaide who gaye me aecess (a museum speciinens. References Bayits. HA. (O40 mew species of the nematode vere Moacrapostianoviics, Ana. Vlas. Nat, Pst Ser 1) 313 418, BAVERIDGH, T. (TORS) Addcrapentenigiitiy Yorke & Muplestone. 1926 (Nenloda, Strongylotdeas bout micropocid mursuprils Ball May sudtn. Hist sat Pusey 4e ser 7, TAL PRO, (1987) The systematic shalus of Australian Stronpylindea (Nematoda Ubi. dese 9 O07 (26. (1U87) Maemmproremoviaites denedrulugé a. op. und MAdiedeme coronenin 1. 2. 0. sp. lwo new spuoes Of nematades (Strongylaiden: Cloacimidaer from tree hangroos. Dendraleshs spp. (Miaesupittia: Macropodidie) from lien Jaya. Indonesia. Syst, Prevasitol. AB, 25-31 - — (A9UN) Taxonomie revision of the & Cloaemna yor Linsiiuw (Netratudas Strongyloides) macropedicd marsupiils, fren Jaxer $b 274, ens tort 142 L. R. SMALES , SPEARE, R., JOHNSON, P. M, & SPRATT, D. M. (1992) Helminth parasite communities of macropodid marsupials of the genera Hypsiprymnodon, Aepyprynnus, Thylogale, Onychogaled, Lagorchestes and Dendrolagus from Queensland. Wild. Res. 19, 359-376, Chinon, N. B,, BEveRIDGE, I. & ANDREWS, R. H. (1993) Electrophoretic = comparison of — Rigopharyna longibursaris Kung and &, omega Beveridge (Nematoda: Strongyloides), with the description of R, sigma n. sp. from pademelons, Thylogale spp. (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). Syst. Parasitol, 26, 159-169, & SmMALES, L. R. (1996) An electrophoretic and) morphological analysis of Labiostrongyles (Labiomultiplex) uncinatus (Nematoda: Cloacinidae), with the description of a new species L. corrigiis, from Macropus parryi (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). Sid. 35, 49-57. LANNERY. T. F.( 1989) Phylogeny of the Macropodoidea: a study in convergence pp. 1-46 /a Grigg, Go Jarman, P.& Hume, 1. (Eds) “Kangaroos, wallabies and rat- kangaroos” (Surrey Beatty & Sons. Chipping Norton). (1995) “Mainmals of New Guinea” (Reed Books, Chatswood). > Martin, R. & SZALAY A, (1996) “Tree kangaroos | a curious natural history’ (Reed Books, Melbourne) Jounson. P.M. (1995) Lumbholtz’s tree-kangaroo Dendrolagus lumbolizi Collet. 1884 pp. 309-3100 tn Strahan. R. (ed.) “The mammals of Australia” (Reed Books, Chatswood). Martin, R. W. & Jonson, P.M, (1995) Bennett’s tree- kangaroo Dendrolagus bennettianus De Vis, 1887 pp. 307-308 Thid. Mawson, P. M, (1977) Revision of the genus Macropostrongylus and deseription of three new genera: Popovastrongylus, Dorcopsinema and Arundetia. Trans. R. Soc. §. Aust. 101, 51-62, Smacks, L, R. (1982a) A new genus and three new species of nematode parasites (Strongyloidea: Cloacininae) from macropodid marsupials from Papua New Guinea, Sysr, Parasitol, 4, 361-371, (1982b) Doreopsistrongylus new genus (Nemutoda: Strongyloidea) from the grey scrub wallaby Doreopsis vererum Lesson, 1827 from Papua New Guinea. Trans. R. Soe, 8. Aust, 106, 31-34. (1997) A new species of Dorcopsinetns Mawson, 1977 (Nematoda: Cloacinidae) from the tree kangaroo = Dendrolagus — mbaiso — (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from [rian Jaya, Indonesia and new host records for Darcopsinema deadrolagi, Svst. Parasitol. 38, 131-135. & Cniuton, N. B. (1997) An electrophoretic and = morphological analysis of Lebinstrongylis (Lubiosimplex) bancrofti (Johnston & Mason, 1939) (Nematoda: Cloacinidae), from macropodid marsupials. thie, 36, 193-201, Sprarr, D. M., Beveripas, 1. & Wacrer, LL. (1991) A catalogue of Australasian monotremes and marsupials and their recorded helminth parasites. Ree. S. Aust. Mus. Monogr Ser No. 1, 1-150. PROGAMOTAENIA ABIETIFORMIS SP. NOV. (CESTODA: ANOPLOCEPHALIDAE) FROM ONYCHOGALEA FRAENATA (MARSUPIALIA: MACROPODIDAE) FROM CENTRAL QUEENSLAND By C. TURNT*® & L. R. SMALEST Summary Turn, C. & Smales, L. R. (1999) Progamotaenia abietiformis sp. nov. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from Onychogalea fraenata (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Central Queensland. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 123(4), 143-147, 30 November, 1999. Progamotaenia abietiformis sp. nov. is described from the small intestine of the bridled nailtail wallaby, Onychogalea fraenata, from Taunton National Park, Central Queensland. Progamotaenia abietiformis is most similar to P. dorcopsis, P. lagorchestis, P. thylogale and P. queenslandensis in having a prominently fringed velum and two uteri but differs from them in its size and the number of proglottides and testes. It also differs from most congeners in having the two uteri forming anteriorly directed arcs within the proglottis, not transverse but at approximately 45° and in the termination of the pyriform apparatus in two horns. Key Words: Onychogalea fraenata, cestode, Progamotaenia, bridled nailtail wallaby. Trmvactious of the Royal Sectery of 8, Aust, (1999), P2304), 144-147 PROGAMOTAENIA ABLETIFORMIS SP. NOV. (CESTODA 3 ANOPLOCEPHALIDAE) FROM ONYCHOGALEA FRAENATA (MARSUPIALLA: MACROPODIDAE) FROM CENTRAL QUEENSLAND by COTHRNT® & 1. Ry SMALEST Summary PORN) & SMaris, bo. C99) Browenataenin dbfenfarins sp. tov. (Coestocke Anaplocephialidae) from Oivelogolen froenoid (Marsupiilie Macropodilie) fom Cental Queenshitd, frais i Sac 143-147. 40 November PYoo S. Auer. ELBA), Provanorenin gbliedorni. sp, noy, ts deseribed from: the soil) intestine of the bridled agaitarl watlaby, Onvehodled daceneit Tyin Tati Natlonal Park, Centr! Gueenshind, Pravananieain abies ts most siinihir tof darcepyis To hagarchestis, Potivlogaleound 2 guecenstindeasis i haying a pronidenty: [emgen vellint ahd iwe olen bul differs from thent ii its size und the number af progtettides and testes. Tealse differs Lon most congeners hie ii The bye lee: Canning anteriorly directed utes WHAT Abe prewlotris, not Walisyerse bulalupproxtermaely 49° and tp Che ferminatian of the pyciforn appiitoos i (wo hort Key Worbs: Qui divcalee drei, vestule. Prouenienin, Pridlec nadttanl wallaby: Introduction The Anoplocephalidae Cholodkovsky. 1902 is. a conmopoltin fumily of cestodes occurring in mammals, birds and reptiles (Beveridge 1994), Species of the goous Progemotaenia Nybelin, 1917 vecur exclusively inthe sinall intestine und bile ducts of Macropodoid and vombitid marsupials from Australia and Papua New Guinea (Sprathesal, 199] ), Within the genus. B fanevof Wobnsion, (912) and PP syehokke? Ganick, 1906) have been recorded from, amongst other macropodids, the two extant naillail wallabies, Onychovelea fraenate (Gould, S41) and O, unguifera (Gould, l841) (Beveridge IOXO). Recent collections of cestodes from 0. freenuia Trom Taunton National Park in Central Quvenskind revealed ou third Prosamotaenia which is deseribed below. Materials and Methods Cestodes collected from the intestine of a bricled mailiail walkiby were fixed in 10% fonmatin and then stored in 70% ethanol. Additional material deposited in the South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAMA), ALIC 25880 which had been relixed in water prior to fisation io 10° formalin and then stored in 70%, ethanol was also examined. Cestodes were stained with Carmine. dehydrated. cleared jn N3B and ' epartinent of Mircosbrolows andl Pavasitilogy. Uiniversity ot Qucenshind St Lucia Qld 4072, | Sehool of Bielowical and Environmental Serenees, Cento Quepnshind University Rock bumpin Qld 4702, species of mounted in Permount or with Celestine ble. dehydrated. cleared in glove of) and mounted in Canuda balsam. Serial longitudinal sections were cul ula thickness of 7 pm and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, The measurements of LO specimens tire given in millimetres as fhe range followed by the meu i parentheses. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. All specimens hive been deposited in the SAMA, Progamoataenia abietiformis sp. nov. (FIGS. 1-9) types: Holotype tron stall intestine of Onychosalea fraenata (Gould P8410), Taunton National Park (23° 33° 8, 149° 13° B), Queensland, coll, C. Turni, June 26. SAMA AHC 28071: paratypes: whole mounts AHC 28072-28108, 261 12- 2KI14; numerous speciiens spirit material AHC 31314: serial sections AHC 25109-28111 additional speciinens, numerous specimens 1S. 19U4 SAMA ATIC 25880. Deseriplion Length 5.92-l24 (8); width 0.68-0.83 (0.77); seolex diameter 0.72 «1.20 (O88): sucker diameter (.215-0.322 (0.272) X O.215-0,291 (257k neck O.0S- O34 (19): 34-57 (42) proglottides: mature progtoctides Q,64-0.74 (Q,72) x O14O38 (0,25); gravid proglottides 0.64-0,83 (0.76) % 0,22-0,16 (0.33); dorsal osmoregilatory canal 0.0120 033 (0.019). ventral osmoregelitory canal 0.014-0.034 (0.02) ) in diameter cirrus sac in matare proglotudes (289-0435 (0.333) x 0.0495-0.067 (0.059); cirras 4 C.TURNI & L. R. SMALES Figs 1-5. Progamotaenia abietiformis sp. nov. |. Eggs showing pyriform apparatus, the two horns not visible in all views. 2. Scolex. 3. Mature proglottides prior to and during ulerus filling. 4, Mature proglottis, contracted. 5, Mature proglottis, fully extended, Seale bars = 0.0 bm 1; O.lmm 2-5. A NEW SPECIES OF PROGAMOTAENIA ids 9 Figs 0-9, Progametcenia abieniornis sp, nov, Gravid proylotides, 7. Femule genitalia, dorsal view. 8, henule genitalia. opbeal sectivn showing Mehtis’ gland, 9, Male veunilia: Seale bars = (lm M = Mehlis’ whind, V = vitellariun sac in pravid: proglottides O.26%-0.487 (Q.386) x 0.049-0,074 (0.002). 11 13 (12) testes per proglottis; lestis O.031-0,039 (0,032) x 0,025-0,039 (0.032); seminal receptacle Q.087-0L084 (0.073) x O.031- 0.073 (0.058), vitelliriiin O,030-0,069 (0.045) x O.018-0.039 (0.022) ovary Q.0S7-O. 100 (0738) x O.031-0,094 (O.051): Mehlis’ gland 0.016-0,008 (O.017) x O,018-0.029 (0.024): ege 0.03 1-0.055 (0.042) x O,031-0,.055 (0.040), pyriform apparatus O.0O12-0.018 (01S) x 0.017-0.022 (0.020): oncosphere 0.012-0.014 (O013). Short, narrow cestode with rekatively few prowlottides, Broad seales with four acetubulate suckers on peduncles extending antero-literally. Anterior borders of suckers eleft. Proglotudes eruspedote with broad, fringed velum consisting of 12-16 tentacle-like projections overlapping adjacent prowlottis. First mature proglottis 16-28 (22), Mature proglotiides with length to width patia of 1:2 b:4.6 Gravid) proglottiides ratio of 1:1,7-let.). Dorsal osinoreguliatory canal situated lateral ta ventral cunuk ventral canal slightly wider than dorsal eanaly transverse canals connecting both lateral canals posterior to seminal Genital pore marginal opening inte wide. long, simple genital alrium. Genital atrium bending anteriorly lo open in mid-section of lateral margin of proglorides, Cirrus sucs long. thick-walled. crossing osmoreguliatory canals dorsally then curving anteriorly and dorsally, lerminating anterior to ovaries. Cirrus sacs almost meeting in centre of proglottis, running ariteriorly parallel towards border of preceding proglotlis, Cirrus heavily armed, widest at distal end, mid- section narrower and potas beayvily aimed. prox inal end uinuimed, sinuous leading into elongate internal seminal vesicle. External seminal vesicle elongate, recepticle, he C.TUBNE & L. ventral to cirrus Sade, extending anleriorly. Testes in two groups of 3-7. round to oval. Ll-da) per prvahotis, dorsal and ventral to cirrus suc, lateral and aiterio’ to \iteris, restricted literally by osmorcguhitory canis, Semimal cecepliele huge, ovoid, ventral foceirrus see and lateral to vilelliriuen. Vitcllurium dvoikl to clongate. compuck. In early militre proglottides, viteloridm dorsal to ovaries, ying aver anreroe half of ovary. [tater mature prostodides, with fully everled cirrus, vitelariun ving over posterior half of ovary, Ovaries oveaid, lohulute, compuel ventral to seninal recepluvle; loliching, sometines even slightly overlapping cael wither in centre of proglottis, Mehliss ghund overt, medial to eyary, helween ovary and vitellirium, Lich tube-like, paired in each proeloitis, extending ab approximately 45° towards vente of proglortis, ventral lo ovuries, beginning bo Cah proslottts 23- 32 (27) In gravid proglottides uteri saecilorin, uppauring whvest loapitudioalas diverticula exten nuiimly mecially oh posterior part ob utert. Towards posterior end af cestode uteri, in gravid proglottides, extend lowarel posterostateral margin of proglollides crossing, dongiludinal osnmioregulatory canals Horsully. Lier abutting. even slightly overluppins in conmre of proglonis, gg spherical to elliptical, (hiek: shelled. Pyriforn aipparitus Comeal, ermine: ty two blunt horns (nol visible: in all yiews) with numerous long fine filaments. Cirrus developed by 20 27th (22) prowlatis. internal seminal vesiele filled with sperm in 21-28th (23) provlottis; Inserination occurs in PY 25th (27) prowlottis. vaginul atrophy not seen. Aninaloes The hame ts derived from abies, the Latin naine fog lir (ree. relerrimg to the shipe of the whole cestode, Discussion Progammnacnia abietifornis sp. woOVv, Wost closely resembles a comple of similarspecies, [ darcapsis, BP higorchestiy, 7. thylogale und Po queenslandensts. allot which havea tringed velum, paired uteri, testes iW two groups und an external seminal vesicle (Beveridue |O85). ft dillers Irom this complex in its small size (up to 12.4 mim compared with 32 mi ul longer in fhe other species). small number of proglotudes (up to 57 compared with at least YS 41 (he olher species) and the small number of testes (1 13 compared with at least 36 i the Po lagerchestis species Complex) (Beveridge (985). Provaniorienie spearel, which also has a finged velum, paired uteri and testes in (wo laterul groups but no externil seminal vesicle, is a small cestode with lew proglotudes abd iesmall number of testes (Beveridge R. SMALLS NORD) However 2 ufierifarmis ts smaller (5.92-| 24 mat compared with 26-30 mm), hus fewer praglouwides (34-57 compured with 71-85), fewer testes (11-14 compared with 30-40) ad has a vehi with T2164 tentacle-tike projechvas compuredl wath 25-55 lingue shaped prijeetions for Po speared (Beveridge 1980). Uther distinetive Jeutures al / dbienjovos we the long cirrus sacs almash meetite Mthe-lie ahd the ovaries Wile are genteab aia abut, Wilh regard fo the position of the femule genitalia 2 whienformis ts most similar to aepypryunt, whose fully developed ovaries ulimit abut (Bevendre 974} In the gents Praseneivenia the uberis is usiilhy transverse (Beveridge |99d) and the pyritern wpparalas nurnilly dacs vot endian hors except Wit Po diaphate (Bevmyidee 1976) and # gynendrotinedriy (Beyoruee & Thompson 179), In P ooirenfiens. however the uterus in the matin proglaiides jy at 45° und the pyetorn appuratis ends 1 horttes Progamoatacinit abiatilavinis win be distinsarshed from BF haerelt? Gohinston, (912) and ¢) cschekher (Janicki, 1906). the other spevics found in O Jraenata. by sive (Po dhletifaritia is much smallen and the shipe of seokes sinde only Pablerfariits les Suckers On peduncles extending anteroelaterally. Progemotuenio banerotit has no pyriforim apparitus, BP ssefokked has asingle uterus amd bout have a line nuinber ob testes (mare than 60 compared with LE bs for PB dhieriiormis) (Beveridge 1976, (980), The deseriphiod Ob Po abiediformis ts based gn the collection of niderial from two specimens of 0 freenua Tow the ‘Patio Naronal Park. Centhal Queensland. Sinee Oo freciate is un endangered species, (he List aldral population beige confined te Taunton National Park, Po abfediforuix as also ain endanpered spevies. Cestudes of the 2 lageirefevtiy species complex ute four closely related but disuace species (Bevendee JOSS). Their hosts. however Civliwele viremetive (Giiuld, |h60) (Pragamorteenia quecuslaiilensix and Poivlosaley, To hillardiviit (Desmiirest, (822) 1P thelowale), 1. tHeliy (Lesson, T8271 UE ptivlagedler, Lavorvhesiey conspiciiuris (Gould, R42) 1P lugorchesas), Darcopsis lnenova (DY Alberts. D874) (yn. DP. veterwa see Smules 1997) OP dereepasry) aod Macrapuy cufogriseuy (Desimrest. 1817) 18 (iylauale) (Beveridge YS: Beveridge & Thampsan L974). are tot, Macnopodines can be separated iii two clades with one chide consisting of the New Guinean forest watlabies, Parcapare and Dearcopsulus. and the other jneluding the genera Macrapuy. Laworchestes, Thylawiule and Onvehogalea (Burk ef al. 1998). Although ol. conspic lite is the only host whose range currently overlaps that of, frvenate (Burboldge & Johnson A NEW SPECIES OF PROGAMOTAENIA 147 1995; Evans & Gordon 1995) former distributions of each of the hosts, including fossil material of Dorcepsis spp. from Australia (Calaby 1995; Flannery 1995: Johnson & Vernes 1995), are indicutive of the potential for host switching in the past. Acknowledgments Thanks are due to D, Fisher for assistance with collecting material used in this study and to L Beveridge for the preparation of slides and serial sections and for making useful comments on a draft of the manuseript. References Beveriocr, L (1976) A taxonomic revision of the Anoplocephalidae (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) — of Australian Marsupials. Aust. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser 44, |- 110. = (W980) Progamotaenia Nybelin (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae): new species, redescriptions and new host records. Tras, R, Soc, 8. Aust, 14, 57-79, (1985) Three new species of Progamotaenia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidace) from — Australasian mursuplitts. Svvr. Parasital, 7, 91-102. = +, oe (1994) Family Anoplocephalidue Cholodkovsky. 1902 pp. 315-366 In “Keys to. the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates” Khalil, L. 1, Jones, A. & Bray, Ro A. (Eds) (CAB International, Wallingford). & THOMPSON, R.C. (1979) The anoplocephalid cestode parasites of the speetacled hare-wallaby Lagerchesies conspicillatuy Gould, 1842 (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), J. Helminthol, 53, 153-160. Burk, A. WESTERMAN, M. & Sprincur, M. (1998) The phylogenetic position of the musky rat-kangaroo and the evolution of bipedal hopping in) kangaroos (Macropodidae: Diprotodontia). Syst Biol, 47, 457- ATA, BursribGe, A, A. & Jotinson, P.M. (1995) Spectacled hare-wallaby Lagorchestes conspicillarus pp. 313-315 In Strahan, R. (Ed.) “The mammals of Australia’ (Reed Books, Chatswood), CacApy, J. H. (1995) Rec-necked wallaby Maeropus riifogriseus pp. 350-352, Lid. Evans. M, & Gorpon, G. (1995) Bridled nuiltail wallaby Onychoxgalea fran pp. 356-358. [icd. FLANNERY, T) F. (1995) “Mammals of New Guinea” (Reed Books, Chatswood), Jounson, P.M. & Voirnes, Ko AL (1995) Red-legwed pademelon Thylogale stigmatica pp. 397-399 In Strahan, R. (Ed.) “The mammals ef Australia” (Reed Books, Chatswood). Smarts. L. R. (1997) A new species of Dorcapsinente Mawson, [977 (Nematoda: Cloacinidac) from the tree kangaroo = Dendrolayns — nibaisa — (Marsupialia Macropodidac) from Irian Jaya, Indonesia and new host records for Dorcupsinenur dendrolagi, Svst. Parasital. 38, 131-135. Sprarr, D. M.. Bevertpoi. L & Watrer. E. L. (1991) A catalogue of Australasian monotremes and marsupials and their recorded helminth parasites. Ree, S, Aust, Mus. Monog. Ser. No 1, 1-105, NOTES ON THE INSECT FAUNA OF THE FRUIT GALLS OF ANTHOCERCIS ANISANTHA (SOLANACEAE) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA BRIEF COMMUNICATION Summary Anthocercis Labill. is an endemic Australian genus of ten species, concentrated in the south-west of Western Australia, with two taxa extending to South Australia’. Anthocercis species mostly occur in disturbed sites and are frequently early colonisers following fire or mechanical disturbance but a few species also occupy relatively stable habitats associated with rocky outcrops and similar landforms’. Despite their conspicuous nature and relative abundance, little has been recorded of their biology or ecology. Traanetions af tie Royal Sorte eek ay BRIEF COMMUNICATION Vine CIYOUL TOA Ido Lae NOTES ON THE INSECT FAUNA OF THE FRUIT GALLS OF ANTHOCERCIS ANISANTHA (SOLANACEAE) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA Aithocerciy Labill, isin endemic Austruling genus of ten species. goncentrated in the south-west ul Western Austulit wilh (wo fax extending to South Australia Anthacdreds species mostly oeveur i distarbed sites and yire frequently early colonisers following fire or mechanical disturbance bul lew species alse occupy relatively stable habitats asseciated with rocky outerops anc senplir lindtoris. Despite chew conspieuous fature aid relative ubundanes. lide hus been recorded of (herr biology or ecolay Fruit yalls hive heen reeerded a) four taxa of Aniacercis 1 date, namely, A. Micifefia Took, subsp, tieialio. A. intvicain Miers, AL Hiteren Labill and A, Viseesit R.Br, fippurently ouly subsp. candace Waegi see Huewr') 1 but A titoreais the only maxon in whieh the gall fuima his been studied. Fruit gulls i this species are induced by the cecidomytid inidge Aaphondylia (mithocervidis Kolestk? which is in men accompanied by a suite of parasitic and inquiling chaleidoids”. Whittemore? recorded seven species (in six fumiligs) of chuletderd wasps in Al aiiheeere tdi induced galls ou A. Hrrerea in the Perth region of Western Austria. OF these, ua speties ot Sigmtepliore (Tetrastichinac) was found ta be the most abundant Recently, several new Ayohondylie spp. have been found (o cause Fruit and: stent galls on native and) itioduced Sulaniceae, some of which are chissed as agricultural weeds in Austribal (iformation.on the hose singe of these morphologicully close mseets is essential fo understand Wer ile eveles and assess the impact of their intestition on the population dynamics ol the plants. We report hvee the frst record ob fruit galls in Anthorenis anixaitha Bnd. along with informition on wall fa oN srl number of frait galls (Pi fy) wis collected by the Tirst author from a single phunt of AL quiet subsp. caiseaelie (Lepschi, Lally & Mastin 3547) nour Mollerin Ruck Tank, upproxinitely ia kin NW of Bencubbin in south-westertt Western Australia (30° 323° S, 117) 34° BE), in September 1997. Cialis were subsequently placed anh plastic Vids and maintiiiied at room lempecanire 'Pordie, KR. W., Synion, BD. R. & Habgi, &. (1982) Sohumaiceae pp. 1-208 In Gearge A, hs. (Edd “Mora of Australia Vol, 29 (Austidian Government Publish Service, Canberra ‘Mactarkane, Tt Nuytsia Ph, 71-78. Haegi, b. AL RL (7YS4) “Systematic and evaludonary studies inthe Australian Soltuaceie’ PHO MMesis, Flinders University of Sout Austialia Canpab. ). “Ralesik, P. Whittemore, R, & Stace, HL M. (J 407) Vrans. R. Soe S. Aust b24, 157-167, D, & Wardell-Jobason, G. (1996) in Perth for approsimarely tye weeks anil all insect lune had emerned, No allempt wus fade to teword emergence times, numbers af individeal insects. sex ratios Or other such data. Tiasect plerinl was identitied by PK (wall ridges) and MC (wisps) and is deposited in the South Australian Museum. Adelaide (SAMA) (gall midges only), University of California, Riverside (UCRC) (wasps nly band Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAMA). The plant voucher was identified hy BIL und ys deposited fy the Australian National Herbarium, Canberra (CANB) and the Western Australian Herbariin, Penh (PERTTI, Two inseel species were reared from the fruit walls. the recently described! gall midge A, cadecercidis ands chaleoid wasp, Shonupliera ofvy (Walkert The oecurrence ol fruit galls in A. daiventiha represents a ney host plunt record for A, anrhevercedis, which was formerly kKnewn lo madtice falls mot, diverce: only, Mowever, it seems likely that A. cahiecereidiy (or at Jeast a lixon closely related 1 if) could be responsible for the fruit galls observed inthe ollier taxa of Adiiecercis mentioned above, All these Species have Similar distributions andl fabitats 0 the two recorded hosts of A, carhecereddis (A, aniventthe und AL fifferea) and also share a siidar oroass floral morphology, The presence ol the wasp So oeryy in the tri galls exsimined in this study also represents a new host recone (he AL aithocercidin) tow that species. Whittemore? treated Siemaptora (8, ays) recorded (i Herstucly: us un engulfing but other clita stwgest Sremopiare is more likely to be a Pamary parasitoid of Asphorndviia’ ~ Graham’ records species oF Sigiaplora as grewanous Cetuphages ab the larvae and pupae of yarous genera of cecidomyill midges Wypieally Asyphondviia, but atso Comtarinia Rondant, Eumarchalia Del Guereiu. Ntefferia Mike aad Sediswinsia Kieffer) throughout the Old World. We are urulefal fo EL Hines, CSERO) Division at Lotumology. Ciinberri. for assistance with the pradidetion of Fiuure 1. Whittemore. R. (]906) “Aspeets uf pmectinduced [ut galls and repreductive biglopy of Anarene lined (Solanaceacy? BSe Cons) Thesis, University al Western Austniia (unpub, }, \Kolesik, PB, Mefadyen, Ro BE. Co & Wapshere, A, J, TYrons Ry Soe Se Aust: 124 (in press) ‘Bontek, 4. (ORR) Oo Atestralasion = Chulenlonles (Uymenopteray (CAB tnternaional Wallingford), ‘Gratin, M. WOR. de VW, (LUST) Bull, Beit. Miis. Nat Plist. (Bae) SS, | 392. Pu Anthocercis qaiantha galls and tui A. Fruir galls Tnueen by hyrend vin aiihanereddis. B, Normal (ungated Toi ob vaniqa. Seale bar = 3 mm. B,J. LEPSCHI!, Western Australivn Herbarium, Deparment of Conservation and Lind Management Locked Bus 14 Bentley Delivery Centre W. Aust 6984. P ROLESIK, Department of Hornculnire, Viticuliire and Oenology. Waite Comps. The University of Adeltide PMB | Glen Osmond §. Aust. 5064 and M. GATES, Department oF Entemotusy, University of California Riverside CA 9252] USA | Mreseni address: Australi Nation! Herbarium, Centre tir Plant Hiwliversity Reseuch GPO Box 1600 Chile ACT 260), ILIAL SHAFT CURVATURE: A NOVEL OSTEOLOGICAL FEATURE DISTINGUISHING TWO CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN FROGS BRIEF COMMUNICATION Summary The status of the Australian frog Limnodynastes spenceri Parker (1940)', as a species distinct from L. ornatus (Gray, 1842)*, has been the subject of controversy. In the course of the study of fossil material it was noted that there was a distinct curvature of the shaft of the ilium of L. ornatus, whereas the ilium of L. spenceri appeared straight®. The present study was undertaken as a component of studies of fossil material seeking means of distinguishing species by features of the ilium. Frnsacrions of the Raval Saciety ofS BRIEF CO UNICATION Vaye ((999). 1234), IS1-152 ILIAL SHAFT CURVATURE; A NOVEL OSTEOLOGICAL FEATURE DISTINGUISHING TWO CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN FROGS he stalus of dhe Australian frog Linureditustes spencer Porker (M940). a8 a species distinet From 2. arnaiiy (Gray, 187), has been the subject al controversy, In rhe course of the study of fossil material i was noted that there wae a distinen curvature af the shaft of the tun of Lo oredis. whereas the Hum of Lo speaeer? appeared steigh’, The present study wis undertaken as (component of studios ot fossil niilerial seeking Means a) Gistinguishing species. oy features Of the iam, Limnvdytaytes ins Wiis deseribed from material collected gt Port Bssiguton in the Sercherh Territory. Che species is HOW recognised lo aecupy mute of the northeen und eastern seaboard of Anetmliy. Mita coneephs of what constituted 2 aed bivalved a species Ul ranged browdhy Over the northern hall oF te continent, Patker speacere Cron Alive Springs, This eorendly Used to mivcommadite the contral Austaiiaun individuals formerly is, Hub Mere extensive inberdig ital webbing of the feel in. aypeeneeei oo cone ob tie few Jistinguishing morphalogien! features, Not all anthors haye supported the recogninon of more descrimed dh, Iitler species 14 relerred Wes bey than one species’ More recently the populitons Nave heen considered distinet, being distingdished pringipally by features uther than Inarpholowy ts, A phylopenetic exumined the rehOnShips WITT the ends Liaiiodyiaarey bub dit were HO. ScHSILVeG enough to resolve the speeies status wt ZL OHS AN Fy Apenieny. exper antlysis crolutionsry The ini his been osed to distinguish and identity fossil speeles GF Australi (rages! component of the anuran pelvis and varies in length of shalt. posterior shape and the presenée aod absence of Phe length oF the ial share is an udaptulian ta jumping and svetticul propulsion in swimiminse aint it is considered that longer iliah shatts are gonenilly uaseciied wath species disphiying saltacorial habits: whorcas shorter shalis dee characteristic! terest ial or fossurial species that tend to walk rather than jump’, The posterior al (he ion provides the point of altachment for Hitscles responsible for propulsion reflect (he cilferent habils of species. The posterior of the iy is wore likely to be larger in species that require powerlil leo museles (ihe, those that are significantly adipled ly jumping. swine or burrowing (MJT. unpub.) The lena of the Him has been shown to be dineurly welled fo sneul-vent (S-Vi length in Cyelovaner cuistrelis (Gry! This rehitionship was examined tor fh. spencers and fa. ornare (oO delermine if there was at sitar rclitionship. Specimens Ob the (wo species were obtamed from collections at the Qepartment of Environmental Biolowy, Llinversity of Adelaide, Murther specimens of 2. spencer’ Were provided by the South Australian Museum. Ihe snoul-vent lenetly (S-V) of eveh speciinen was Meustired 1 the nearest OF mn using Helios dial calipers hefore the speciens were dissected to remove the [ium This bone is the largest yurious proliherdiices! The sive and shape Sinall iia (whieh are prone ta distortion due to dehydration (MJT unpob.)) were preserved in 65° erhauol The length of the ium was measuns! from the fp at the dorsal devtibular expansion to the end of the ial share (AB ia Big. 1), Snoat-vent leneth for cach specimen wats plotted against ium tenet) (IL) for euch specs. Bach tin was ther aligned horivontally ina literal pline under a dissecting Microsvope and the outlige dawn Gsine fh Gamer leila, The corvarire of the thal shall was meusured mndireetly from these draw ines a6 follows Geter tet U). The length ol the ih shaft, CB. was measured from the saperion extremity of the dorsal aeelabulir prominence (a the distil end of the thal shat. The mdpoiit, D. of this Tine Was found. A line perpendicuhir ta CR from 1 yas driwn to jitersect witht the dorsal surfice af (he lial shall, By The vurvalure ol the ial shall was expressed as the unjle formed by CEB. The smaller the angle farmed hy CER the greater the curvature of the Wil shale (vompare (Gt) id (6) in Fig 2), Vip. |. Diggraninatie representation of lateral surtiace ola fray pelvis showing reference points for measurements, > Fig. 2. Lateral views of pelvises of Limnodyeasies spenceri (top) and 7. erretys (bottom). Note the difference i the curvature of (he ial shall, Seale bars =~ S mim. 152 The normality of thal Shalt curvatare data was confirmed before differences between the Iwo data sets were tested using a two sample t-Test, assuming equal yariance. Strong relationships between S-V length and ilial shaft length were found with R? values of 0.96 for both JL. ermats and 1. spenceri (Figs 3, 4). Comparison of the linear equations of the trend lines showed that 1. erraries und L. spencert demonstrated similar S-V y. ilial length relationships. The limited number of L. spencer] specimens available constrained the data in the S-V range of 21-30 min, The curvature of the ilial shaft for £. ornetis was found to be significantly greater than that of L. spencer? at 4 confidence level of 99%, ‘The mean angle for L. grrtatus was 1704". whereas that for Lo spencert was 177.67, a mean difference of 7.2°. Linmodynastes ornatus is known from the Cainozoic of Queensland’ but it is net known whether 1, spencer coexisted or had in fact diverged fron it before this era, The slight but significant difference in the shape of the ilial shaft will provide a Simple means of distinguishing these species if suitthle deposits are found in Central Australia. We are grateful to M. Hutchinson, South Australian Museum, who provided several specimens of Limnodynastes spenceri for use in this study, L.. Russell for Figure 2 and to the referees for their constructive criticism. “ y > D.S78x=2 aN w = 0.5581 { Eu ce 4 ge 1 4; a , * a 4s 4 0 as SV lengli (mm) Vig, 3. Regression line of ilial lengih plotted against S-V length of Limnodynestex ornatus. ‘Parker, H. W. (1990) Novit. Zool. 42, 1-106, “Gray, J. E. (1842) “Zoological Miscellany” (Treuttel, Wiirtz & Co.. London), ‘Tyler, M. J. (1990) Mem. Qld Mus. 28, 779-784- “Barker, J., Grigg, G. C. & Tyler, ML J. (1995) “A Field Guide to Australian Frogs” (New Edn) (Surrey Beatty & Sons. Chipping Norton, NSW). ‘Moore, J. A. (1961) Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 121, 149-386, "Barker, J. & Grigg, G. (1977) “A Field Guide to Australian Frogs” (Rigby, Adelaide). ‘Moresealchi, A, & Ingram, G. J. (1978) Experientia (Basel) 34. 584-585. ‘Tyler, M. J., Martin, A. A. & Davies, M. (1979) Aust. J. Aol. 27, 135-150, yr 24042 DORI R= og572 Vibe hength dimen) ‘a a > a a “ S-V length (oni) Fig. 4+. Regression line of ilial length plotted against S-V length of Lianodynastes spenceri *Cogger, H. G., Cameron, E. EK. & Cogeer, HM. (1983) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol, lL. Aniphibia and Repulia (Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra). "Roberts, J.D. & Maxson, L. R. (1986) Aust, J. Zool. 34, 561-573, Tyler, M. J. (1976) Trans. R. Soc. 8, Aust, 100. 3-14. “Trueb, L. (1973) pp. 65-132 Jn Vial, J. L. (Ed.) “Evolutionary bralogy of anurans. Contemporary research on imajor problems” (University of Missouri Press. Columbia). “Tyler, M. JP. (1994) “Australian Frogs. A Natural History” (Reed Books, Sydney). "Walker, 8. J. (1994) Trans. R. Soc, S. Aust. 118. 147-148. BONNIE LAUCK and MICHAEL J. TYLER, Department of Environmental Biology, The University of Adelaide, 8. Aust, 5005, AN ADDITIONAL RECORD OF A MEIOLANHD TURTLE FROM THE PLEISTOCENE OF NORTHERN QUEENSLAND BRIEF COMMUNICATION Summary The extinct meiolaniids are an enigmatic group of turtles characterised by cranial horns and tail clubs. They are confined to the Southern Hemisphere and _ their phylogenetic relationships have been the subject of much discussion’. The oldest known Australian meiolaniids come from Oligocene and Miocene deposits in South Australia, New South Wales and Queensland’**. Most of the Australian material collected to date however, comes from Late Pleistocene deposits from Lord Howe Island*®. There are additional Pleistocene occurrences of meiolaniid from Walpole Island, New Caledonia, the Darling Downs of Queensland and from the Wyandotte Formation’. This note reports the presence of further meiolaniid fossils from Pleistocene deposits of Bluff Downs, north-eastern Queensland. Transactions of the Royal Society of S. Aust. (1999), 123(4), 153-154. BRIEF COMMUNICATION AN ADDITIONAL RECORD OF A MEIOLANUD TURTLE FROM THE PLEISTOCENE OF NORTHERN QUEENSLAND The extinet meiolanuds are an enigmatic group of turtles characterised by cranial horns and tail clubs. They are confined fo the Southern Hemisphere and their phylogenetic relationships have been the subject of much discussion!, The oldest known Australian meiolaniids come from Oligocene and Miocene deposits in South Australia, New South Wales and Queensland?+. Most of the Australian material collected to date however, comes trom Late Pleistocene deposits of Lord Howe Island*°. There are additional Pleistocene occurrences of meiolaniid from Walpole Island, New Caledonia, the Darling Downs of Queensland and from the Wyandotte Formation’, This note reports the presence of further meiolantid fossils from Pleistocene deposits of Bluff Downs, north-eastern Queensland. Bluff Downs is currently only known as a Pliocene site with a wide range of taxa already having been reported® “. During field investivations in 1992, further fossil exposures were located upstream from, and on the opposite side to, the main Pliocene quarries. The fossils were located in a gully that cut through a black soil plain and included mammals, crocodiles and turtles. A detailed examination of the fossils revealed little softening of features normally associated with transportation or re-working and it was therefore assumed that the original site of deposition was relatively close. There were no overlying formations that could give un age to the fossils. However, the new collecting locality, named Jaw Site, contained a diagnostic P* of the diprotodontid marsupial, Zygomaturus trilobus Macleay, a species with a Pleistocene distribution’. This tooth differed from the P* of a new species of Zvygomaturus that had been recovered from the Bluff Downs Pliocene sediments (Lat. 19° 43° S, Long, 145° 36° E), indicating that Jaw Site was not Pliocene in age'”. Furthermore, there was no evidence of the commonly found Pliocene diprotodontid Euryzygoma which was a major component of the Bluff Down Local Fauna*. The age of the site was therefore either Plio-Pleistocene or Pleistocene by biocorrelation. A number of bone fragments with distinctive sculpturing wus identified as being possible meiolaniid tail club fragments, This identification was confirmed by E. Gaffney of the American Museum of Natural History. One group of fragments (QM F25854) contained 12 individual pieces including one partial tail club spike and the distal ends of caudal vertebrae (Fig. | A, B), The other group (QM F25855) contained two tail club spike fragments and a number of smaller bone shards (Fig, 1 C). The tails of these land-dwelling turtles were covered with articulated bony rings armoured with spikes. he Wyandotte meiolaniid was identified as having affinities with Mefolania platyceps trom Lord Howe Island rather than the mainland species M. oweni from Kings Creek, Darling Downs>. Unfortunately not enough material has been recovered to make any constructive taxonomic assignment for the Bluff Downs specimens except for identification as a meiolaniicl, Unlike its Lord Howe Island counterpart. the Bluff Downs meiolaniid had a number of giant reptiles to contend with including several species of crocodile’, a large varanid and python’. Whether the stgnificant armour the metolantid possessed was enough to protect it from these potential predators will perhaps never be Known, Its development and elaboration during the Tertiary perhaps suggests some sort of defence strategy. The author wishes to thank E. Gaffney who identified the specimens and R. Molnar who facilitated the identification. The Smith Family of Bluff Downs Station continue to provide assistance and support for the ongoing research into the Bluff Downs Local Fauna. The collection of the Bluff Downs material was supported in part by an ARC Fig. 1. Meiolaniid turtle fragments. QM F25854. A. Partial tail club spike. B. Distal end of caudal vertebra. C, QM F25855. Tail club spike fragment. Scale bar = 5 mm. 154 Program Grant to M. Archer, a grant from the Department of Arts, Sport. the Environment, Tourism and Territories to M. Archer, S. Hand and H. Godthelp, a grant from the National Estate Program Grants Scheme to M. Archer and Gattney, E. S. (1953) Bull. Am. Mus, Nat, Hist. 175, 361- 480. ’ Woodburne, M. O., Macfadden, B. J., Case, J. A. Springer, M.S., Pledge, N. S., Power, J. D., Woodburne, J. M. & Springer, K. B. (1993) J. Vert. Paleontol. 13, 483-515. ‘Gaffney, E.S. (1981) Am. Mus. Novit. 2720. 1-38. ' Gaffney, E. S., Archer, M. & White, A. (1992) The Beagle. Rec. N.'T. Mus, Arts Sci. 9, 35-47. »Galfney, B.S. (1985) Am. Mus. Noyit. 2805, 1-29, ° Gaffney, E.'S. (1996) Bull, Am, Mus. Nat, Hist. 229, 1- 166. ‘Gaffney, ELS. & MeNamara, G. (1/990) Mem. Qd Mus. 28, 107-113. * Archer, M, (1976) [bid, 17, 379-397. " Boles, W. E. & Mackness, B.S. (1994) Ree. S. Aust. Mus. 27, 139-149, '’Mackness, B.S, (1995) Emu. 95. 265-271. A, Bartholomai, and grants in aid to the Riversleigh Research Project from the University of New South Wales, Wang Australia Pty Ltd, ICT Australia and the Australian Geographic Society. '! Mackness, B.S. (1995) Mem, Qu Mus, 38, 603-609, "Thomson, S. A. & Mackness, B.S. (1999) Trans. R. Soc. S. A, 123, 101-105. ' Willis, PD, M. A. & Mackness, B.S. (1996) Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 116, 143-151. 't Wroe, S. & Mackness, B.S. (1998) Mem. Qd. Mus. 42, 605-612, ' Murray, P. F. (1992) The Beagle, Rec, N.T. Mus, Arts Sci. 9, 89-110. ' Black, K. & Mackness, B. S. (1999) Diversity und relationships of diprotodontoid marsupials / Archer, M., Arena, R., Bassarova, M., Black, K., Brammall, J., Cooke, B.. Creaser, P., Crosby, K.. Gillespie, A.. Godthelp, H.. Gott, M., Hand, S. J., Kear, B., Krikman, A,. Mackness, B., Muirhead, J., Musser, A., Myers, T., Pledge, N., Wang, Y, & Wroe, S. (Lids) The evolutionary history and diversity of Australian mammals, Aust. Mammal. (it press), BRIAN MACKNEBSS, School of Biological Sciences, University of New South Wales Kensington NSW 2052. Present address: PO Box 560 Beerwah Qld 4519. E-mail: megalunia@compuserve.com DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPES OF THREE SPECIES OF CISSEIS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE) BRIEF COMMUNICATION Summary While it is usual to designate lectotypes in a generic review, the following cases have emerged from a current study of the genus Cisseis LaPorte & Gory! and in order to have these changes incorporated into a Catalogue of Australian Buprestidae, due to be completed in 2000, it is necessary to publish them at this stage. Transactions of the Royal Society af 8. Aust. (1999), 1234), BRIEF COMMUNICATION DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPES OF THREE SPECIES OF CISSEIS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE) While it ts usual to destynale leclolypes in uw genene review, the following causes have emerged trom a current study ofthe genus Cisyeis LaPorte & Gory! and in ordet to lnive these changes incorporated into au Catalogue of Austeliioy Buprestidae, due to be completed in 2000. it is hecessiry to publish them at this stage. Cisseiy haicollis, var. cyanenpvee Carter, 1923" (2 syntype. no data, The Natural History Museum. London: 2 syntype. Lake Austin. W. Australia, H.W. Brown, K 67292. Australian Museum, Sydney) is conspecilic with Cissers geerliigi Carter, 930° (2 holotype, Marloo sta., Wuirarga, W. Australia, Austrabun Museum, Sydney), Cissets funiealliy Carter, 1923 is i Queenshind species clearly separate fram the other species which is found only in avid reas of Western Australia. Afler examming all specimens | herchy elevale Cryyeis cvaneapyed Carter to full specific Status and designate as the lectotype the female specimen in the Australian Museum collection labelled Cisyeis latico/tis var. cveneopyed Carter, Lake Austin, W. Australia. H.W, Brown, KO7292. with a printed red label on which is wrillen "Lectolype. Civei ovinenpyge Carter, Designated by §. Barker, [999° Carter’ descnbed Cisweis mairmorate var prasina trom two male specimens in the collection of The Nuturil History Museum. London. one labelled NSW, the otber without data, and (wo mule specimens in the collection of the South Australian Museum, one labelled 5. Australia, the mber Australia. | have examined these specomens and lim ‘LaPorte BLL. & Gory, H. L. (1839) ° Histoire naturelle et iconographie des insectes coléoptéres” vol. 2. Carter, A. J. (1923) Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S.W. 48, 159-176. that they are a good species. They ure ull green in colour, Whereas C. mapmerida LaPorte & Gury nnales have a green head and prenerum and brown elytra. As well, their genitalia are of a different shupe fram those of male Cfyseis marmoratd. | hereby elevate Cissets prasmia Carter to full species and designate as the lectorype the male specimen in the collection of the South Australian Museum labelled “Australia Blackburn's callection’. numbered in red ink 3267 and with a printed red label oa which is wrilten ‘Lectotype Cissery prasine Carter, Designated by §, Barker. 1990". A series Of associated male and female specimens collected at Milmerran by the late J. MeQucen is housed in the Australian National Inseer Collection, Canberra, The females are brown with white murkings on the elytra und are larger than the males of the species. Kerremans! described Cisseis cvanuira. The four syntypes of the types series ure lodged in the Natural History Museum, London. collection, OF these one male is clearly a different species from the other three. On the pin tu bears a B. Levey identification lube! stating that it is a specimen of C. nigrovenea Weeremans, 1598. The remaining three specimens, two males and a female appear to be conspecific allhough the male genitalia vary slightly: | hereby designate the male specimen which has the broadest parameres as the lectolype of Cisseiy cyanurie Kerremans. The specimen bears a printed red label on whieh is written ‘Lectotype Cisseis cyanea Kerremans, Designated by S. Burker, 1999 ° ‘Carter, H. I. (1936) bid. 61, 98-110. ' Kerremans, C. (1898) Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg, 92, 113- 182, S. BARKER, Department of Entomology. South Australian Museum, North Terrace Adelaide S, Aust, 5000, ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INCORPORATED Patron: HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA SIR ERIC NEAL, AC, CVO OFFICERS FOR 1999-2000 President: M. A. J. WILLIAMS, BA(Hons), MA, PhD, ScD Vice-Presidents: T. C. R. WHITE, BSc, BSc(For), PhD, DSc N. F. ALLEY, BA(Hons), MA, PhD Secretary: Treasurer: O. W. WIEBKIN, BSc, PhD J. H. BRADBURY, BSc, MSc Editor: Assistant Editor: J. BIRD, BSc N. EF ALLEY, BA(Hons), MA, PhD Librarian: Programme Secretary: P. KOLESIK, BSc, PhD Minutes Secretary: Membership Secretary: C. R. WILLIAMS, BSc(Hons) A. J. McARTHUR, BE ® Members of Council: J. E. PATTISON, MA, BSc, MSc, Grad Cert Ed M. J. WRIGHT, RDA P. A. PARSONS, BAgSc, PhD, ScD, FLS R. D. SHARRAD, BSc(Hons), PhD, DipT(Sec) S. SMITH, BSc(Hons) Printed by Graphic Print Group, 10-14 Kingston Avenue, Richmond, S.A. 5033