42       XII   TOPOLOGY AND TOPOLOGICAL ALGEBRA
It should be carefully noted that, if we suppose only that u is injective
(resp. surjective), then u is not necessarily injective (resp. surjective) (Prob-
lem 9).
(12.9.5)	Let Gbea metrizabk group in which there exists a neighborhood V of
e which is complete (with respect to some left- or right-invariant distance).
Then G is complete. In particular, a locally compact metrizable group is
complete.
Let d be a left-invariant distance on G and let (x_n) be a left Cauchy
sequence in G. Let £ > 0 be such that the closed ball B'(e; s) is contained in V.
By hypothesis there exists an integer n_0 such that d(x_n, x_m) ^ e for all m^n_Q
and n^.n_09 hence the sequence (x_n)_n^_no is contained in the closed ball
B'(*_no; e). But this closed ball is a complete subspace, because it is obtained by
left translation from B'(#; &) which is closed in Y (3.14.5). Hence the se-
quence (x_n)_n>_1 converges in G. The last assertion follows from (3.16.1).
(12.9.6)	In a Hausdorff topologicalgroup G, every locally compact metrizable
subgroup H is closed.
Let x e H, let V be a neighborhood of e in G such that V n H is compact,
and let W be a symmetric neighborhood of e in G such that W^2 c V. Then
xW n H is nonempty and relatively compact in H, because if y_0 e xW n H
then for each y e xW n H we have yQ ^1y e W^2 n H cz V n H and therefore
y ^e 7o(V n H), which is a compact set. It follows (12.3.6) that the closure of
xW n H in G is contained in H, and therefore x e H.
(12.9.7) Let G be a Hausdorif commutative topological group, written
additively. All the material on series in Section 5.2 which involves only the
topology of G remains valid without any change. The same is true of Cauchy's
criterion (5.2.1) if G is metrizable, by replacing the norm ||x|| by rf(0, x),
where d is an invariant distance on G.
PROBLEMS
1.   Let G = GL(2, R) be the multiplicative group of all real 2x2 nonsingular square
matrices. For each integer n > 0, let V_n be the set of matrices X—1^X   ^y\ e G such
that x- 1| <;i//i, \y\ <S l/it,>| g 1/n, and |f- 1| 5 l/n. Show that the family of
sets V_n is a fundamental system of neighborhoods of the neutral element / of G for a
topology f compatible with the group structure of G (cf. Section 12.8, Problem 1).
The group G is locally compact in the topology ^", but &~ cannot be defined by a