176       XIII    INTEGRATION
(f) Suppose that X is compact and that the measure ft is diffuse (13.18). Show that,
for every neighborhood V of 0 in <?"(X, ft) and every function / e ^(X, ft), there
exists an integer n such that all the functions af (where a is any real number) belong to
y _j_ . . . _|_ v (n summands). Deduce that every continuous linear form on «^(X, ft)
is identically zero, and hence that every vector subspace of finite codimension in
, ft) is dense in <^(X, ft).
3.	Suppose that X is compact and the measure ft diffuse (1 3.18).
 (a)	Let (fynzi be a Hilbert basis of L^(X, ft). Show that, for each real number
8 > 0, there exists a compact subset Y of X such that ft(X — Y) ^ 8 and the sequence
(/n)_n£2 is total in lr(¥, ft_Y). (By using Problems 2(e) and 2(f), show that there exists
a sequence of linear combinations of the /„ (n ^> 2) which converges in measure to /i ;
then use Problem 2(c) and EgorofF s theorem.)
 (b)	Show that there exists a bounded measurable function h such that the sequence
(%f_n)nZ2 is total in Lj(X, ft). (Choose h > 0 such that/i/A $ JS?J(X, ft), and then show
that no nonnegligible function can be orthogonal to hf_n for all n ^ 2.)
4.	Let;? be a finite real number *>l. A subset H of ^?r(x, ft) is said to be equi-integrable
if, for each e> 0, there exists a compact subset K of X such that         \f\^p dp, rge
for all /e H, and a real number 8 > 0 such that f \f\^p dp-^s for all /e H and all
integrable sets A of measure ft(A) <£ S.
 (a)	On an equi-integrable set H, show that the topology of convergence in measure
is the same as that defined by the seminorm N_p . Is the conclusion true if H is merely
bounded in -S?^p?
 (b)	A sequence (/„) in -S?fc(X, ft) is convergent if and only if it is equi-integrable and
convergent in measure.
 (c)	Suppose that the measure ft is bounded and that ft(X) = 1 . Let (/„) be a sequence
of functions belonging to J2P£, and suppose that lim \f_ndfji= lim \\&f_n\ dft = l,
n-*ooj	n-»ooj
lim Nid - i/_n|) = 0. Show that lim f | Sf_n\ dp. = 0. (Use (b).)
n-+oo	n-fooj
(d)	With ft as in (c), let (/„) be a sequence of functions belonging to & c ^suc^ ^tnat
lim f/_n</ft=lim f|/_n|^« lim f|/;|^1/2 dp,= 1.
n-*oo J	n-+oo J	n-*ooj
Show that HmNi(l— /_n) = 0. (Reduce to the situation of (c) above by using the
n-+oo
Cauchy-Schwarz inequality; write
H - fn\^\l- \fn\\ + \\fn\-fn\
and
5.   Let F be a real-valued function with period 1 on R which is integrable on the unit
interval I = [0, 1 ] (with respect to Lebesgue measure).
(a)   If /is any bounded measurable function on [0, 1], then
lim f /(/)FOi/) dt = ( f F (0 dt]( f'
«-»»Jo	\Jo	/ wo