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Vol. XIII.

JANUARY, 1916

No. 1

Price, 10c. Per Copy; Per Annum, $1.00; Foreign, 91.25.

THE

Hawaiian forester

AND

Agriculturist

A MONTHLY MAGAZINE
OF

Forestry, Entomology, Animal Indus-
try, Hydrography and Agriculture

ISSUED UNDER THE DIRECTION

OF THE

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE

AND FORESTRY.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.
Entered as second-class matter at the Post office, at Honolulu, Hawaii.

ADDRE88 ALL COMMUNICATIONS "^O

DANIEL. LOGAN,

EDITOR "THE FORE3TER,"

P. O. BOX 366.

HONOLULU, M. T.

For business relating to advertising or subscriptions, address

Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., Publishers,
217 S. King St., Honolulu, Hawaii.

82

S

the ummnx cf Micr.iSAN libraries

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

New President of Board 1

Corrected Tree Planting Record 3

Division of Animal Industry 4

Bovine Tuberculosis 11

Division of Entomology 18

Division of Forestry 21

Division of Hydrography 25

An Annotated Reference List of the More Common Trees

and Shrubs of the Konahuanui Region 28

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREE SEED AND SEEDLINGS FOR
SALE AT THE GOVERNMENT NURSERY.

The Division of Forestry keeps constantly on hand at the Govern-
ment Nursery, seed and seedlings of the important native and introduced
tree*. These are foil at prices just cove-ing the cost of collection or
growing.

The list includes t^th forest and ornan ental trees, such as Silk Oak,
Koa, various species :f Eucalyptus, Golden and Pink Showers, Pride of
Indi«, Poinciana, Al ,Uzi*, etc. The pric^ of the seed varies from 10
to 50 cents per ounce. The seedlings may be had for 2% cents each,
except a few kinds which are 5 cents. Seed of the various palms is also
for sale; the price per 100 varying from $1.00 to $2.50. All seed is tested
before being sent out, which insures its being good.

All communications in regard to seed or trees should be addressed to
David Haugh3, Forest Nurseryman, Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii.

C. S. JUDD,
Superintendent of Forestry.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

To give information about insects free of charge is one of the duties
of this Division, and Hawaiian readers are hereby invited to make in-
quiry in person and by mail. In order to be able to advise intelligently
or send the right kind of useful insects for relief, we like and sometimes
it is indispensable for us to see the insects suspected or caught in the act,
also specimens of the injury. In a tin with a hole or two, or a wooden
box specimens may be mailed by parcels post. Wben specimens are
not accompanied by letter always write your name and address in the
upper left-hand corner of the package. Address all communications
SUPERINTENDENT DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, P. O BOX 207
TONOLULU, HAWAII. ' '

EDW. M. EHRHORN,
Superintendent of Entomology.

,.,6.**. '■ - f HE JHAWAIIAN

fORESTER I AGRICULTURIST

Vol. XIII. JANUARY, 1916." No. 1

NEW PRESIDENT OF BOARD.

Mr. Arthur H. Rice on December 28, 1915, succeeded Mr.
Albert Waterhouse as president of the Board of Agriculture and
Forestry. Mr. Waterhouse has served most ably and has de-
voted much time and valuable thought to the work of the Board
. during the past year, and it is to the regret of all that he has been
compelled to resign the presidency on account of an anticipated
protracted absence from the Territory. On the other hand, Mr.
Rice's familiarity with the livestock and other agricultural in-
dustries in these islands, and his knowledge of the general work
of the Board, well qualify him for his new position.

It is a disappointment that the handsome wicker settee made
from willows grown at the Makiki Experiment Garden and
placed on exhibition at Coyne's during November, together with
the offer of the Division of Forestry to supply cuttings to all
who desired to grow this willow for the making of .wicker arti-
cles, failed to elicit one single inquiry of interest. The demand
in these islands for wicker furniture, which is most suitable for
this climate but which is now imported largely from Connecticut
at great cost, offers a lucrative opportunity for a few energetic
parties.

The diminution of wild goats and sheep, the consequent re-
habilitation of native grasses and weeds, and the rapid spread of
the algaroba over a large part of the island of Kahoolawe, to-
gether with the success already attained in the establishment of
highland ironwood trees and the valuable fodder and soil-bind-
ing grass, P asp alum dililatum, on parts of this somewhat barren
island, already seem to justify its creation as a forest reserve.

The regulation concerning the quarantine of all dogs imported
from rabies-infested countries does not appear to work many
hardships on dog fanciers. The kennels at the Honolulu animal
quarantine station are constantly almost full and new animals
come from the Coast with almost every freight steamer. A news
article on a fight against rabies the federal government has
started in the far west is deferred until February on account of
lack of space in the present number.

The appointment in November, 1915, of two new forest
rangers* E. H. Hippie f6r Palolo, Manoa and Niiuanu valleys
ih the Honolulu Watered forest reserve, Oahu, aild John Pili-
laau for the forest reserves in the Waianae district, marks a
distinct advancement in the better administration of the Terri-
torial forest reserves toward which the Division of Forestry is
striving.

The reduction in infantile mortality on Oahu from 26 in
1910-11 to 3 in 1914-15, as shown by the report of the Terri-
torial Veterinarian, coincident with the inauguration and vigor-
ous prosecution of the campaign to eradicate bovine tubercu-
losis from the Territory, is significant. With purer milk the
babies have a better chance for life.

In his search for parasites on the melon fly, Field Entomolo-
gist David T. Fullaway spent September in Singapore, moved
on to Buitenzorg, Java, and then to Bangalore, India. From
last accounts he was on his way back to Manila.

In the effort to make Honolulu a more beautiful city the Board
is cooperating with the City and County, through the Outdoor
Circle, by furnishing manure and mahogany trees free of charge
for the Kalakaua Avenue parking.

The fencing of the Territorial forests along the Volcano Road
on Hawaii by the Division of Forestry, to keep out wandering
stock, will preserve for the enjoyment of tourists from all parts
of the world what remains of the charming native forest wood-
lands along this scenic ride.

The cloth notices posted by the Territorial Forester along
conspicuous highways and trails on the Honolulu Watershed
forest reserve have begun to make the people realize that this
reserve was created for a definite and beneficial purpose.

The strict inspection made by the Division of Entomology
of all fruit shipments from the Coast results in the placing of
better fruit in better condition on the Honolulu market.

3
CORRECTED TREE PLANTING RECORD.

Honolulu, December 28, 1915.

Editor Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist:

Sir: — Owing to typographical errors and omissions which
occurred in the table showing the number of trees planted on
all the islands during the calendar years of 1913 and 1914, which
was printed on page 71 of the report of the Board of Commis-
sioners of Agriculture and Forestry for the biennial period ended
December 31, 1914, I beg to transmit the following corrected
table which I should be glad to have appear in an early issue of
the Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist.

In order to obtain the full and correct number of trees planted
during 1915, I am about to send out a reply postal card and it
is my hope that this will be filled out by all tree planters in the
Territory and promptly returned to this office.

Very sincerely yours,

C. S. Judd,
Superintendent of Forestry.

Number of Trees Planted in the Territory of Hawaii,
Principally by Corporations, in 1913 and 1914.

Kauai.

1913

Koloa Sugar Co 11,199

McBryde Sugar Co 17,839

Grove Farm Plantation 25,000

Makee Sugar Co 30,000

Papapaholahola Spring Reserve 18,544

1914

Total

5,901

17,100

17,839

35,678

65,000

90,000

20.100

50,100

20,381

38,925

102,582 129,221 231,803
Oahu.

Waialua Agricultural Co,.. 125,000 125,000 250,000

Honolulu Plantation Co 30,000 30,000

125,000 155,000 280,000

Hawaii.

Pacific Sugar Mill. 10,000 10,000

Hawaiian Agricultural Co 7,000 7,000 14,000

Kukaiau Ranch 99,450 165,920 265,370

Parker Ranch 33 f S32 96,394 130,226

Kukaiau Plantation Co. 2,000 2,000 4,000

1,700

1,700

10,000

20,000

580

1,160

2,000

2,000

10,868

20,934

Niulii Sugar Mill and Plantation

Honokaa Sugar Co 10,000

Puakea Plantation Co 580

Waiohimi Homesteads

Hilo District, from Hilo sub-nursery. 10,066

162,928 306,462 469,390

Maui.

Maui Agricultural Co 255,035 255,035

Wailuku Sugar Co 19,661 29,261 48,922

Polipoli, government lands 4,653 11,187 15,840

Honolua Ranch 2,000 3,500 5,500

Cornwell Ranch 32,000 32,000

Lanai Company, Ltd 9,000 1,340 10,340

Haiku Homesteads 5,000 4,000 9,000

40,314 336,323 376,637

Total number of trees planted on all

islands 430,824 927,006 1,357,830

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

Honolulu, November 26, 1915.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.

Gentlemen : — I beg to submit herewith my report on the work
of the Division of Animal Industry for the month of October,
1915:

Bovine Tuberculosis.

The annual tuberculin testing of all dairy cattle in the City
and County of Honolulu, as by municipal ordinance required,
has nearly been finished, there remaining only some of the rail-
road, ranches' cattle still to be submitted to the test. These un-
tested cows can hardly be classified as dairy cattle, their milk
being used for human consumption only in part and for a very
limited period. Properly speaking the animals in question are
range cattle, which, for the purpose of gentling the calves, are
rounded up and handled for a varying length of time, from
one month to six weeks, during which period their surplus milk
19 sometimes sold or otherwise disposed of for human consump-
tion. So in order to comply with the above mentioned "milk
ordinance" and at the same time obtain reliable information as
to the health of the cows so far as bovine tuberculosis is con-
cerned the not inconsiderable task of rounding up, confining, in-

jecting with tuberculin, inspecting, ear-marking or branding a
few thousand half wild cows is gone through with, regularly,
once a year. As tuberculosis occurs but very rarely among this
class of animals, and as the quantity of milk obtained from
them is too small to pay for the cost of the labor required the
undertaking might, except for the gentling of the calves, be con-
sidered philanthropic, were it not for the few centers of tuber-
culous infection which thereby have been removed from these
otherwise healthy herds. At any rate the tuberculin testing of
such a large number of temporary milch cows, with only a frac-
tion of one per cent, of infected animals among them, has caused
a decided reduction in the figure of final results, highly satis-
factory, though to a certain extent misleading. In other words
the percentage of infection with bovine tuberculosis on the island
of Oahu is annually lowered nearly one per cent, by counting
the cows of the railroad ranches as dairy cattle instead of range
cattle. At the present time, for instance, with all actual dairy
herds tested, the percentage of infection is well above 4, though
not reaching 4.5. With the railroad cows added, this figure will
probably be reduced to between 3 and 3.5, which fact it has
seemed desirable to emphasize in view of the unusual conditions
discussed in my last report and which were responsible for the
advance of this figure from 2.88 of last year.

In response to an invitation from the Hawaiian Medical Asso-
ciation a paper entitled, "Bovine Tuberculosis ; Its Economic Im-
portance; Territorial and Municipal Measures of Suppression
and Eradication, " was read at the annual meeting which was held
in Honolulu during the first week of the present month. A copy
of this paper is appended herewith for the information of the
members of the board, and attention is especially called to the
section pertaining to the enormous sum which the milk consum-
ing public has paid the milk producers for condemned reacting
cows. While the figures quoted (an increase in the price of milk
of 2 cents per quart on 9000 quarts daily for five years) are very
conservative, the question as to what part of the aggregate should
be charged to increased cost of production remains open. Labor
has undoubtedly increased in cost, but feed prices have not, so
far as can be estimated by a comparison of prices, advanced suf-
ficiently to warrant an increase of more than one cent per quart
of milk. If this estimate is correct it is found that the consumer
has paid an average of about $100 per head for each of the 1500
head of condemned reactors, in addition to which the owners
have received an average of $25.00 per head for the carcasses.

The new "Sanitary Code" promulgated by the Territorial
Board of Health under date of August 18, 1915, contains a para-
graph of great importance to the work of eradicating bovine
tuberculosis, in that it requires the tuberculin testing, by a gov-
ernment veterinarian, of all dairy cattle in the Territory before
a license to sell milk can be issued. In other words, it extends
the authority hitherto supplied on the island of Oahu alone by the

municipal milk ordinance to the entire Territory ; and, while it
apparently applies only to cows whose milk is to be sold, it is be-
lieved the code is sufficiently comprehensive to embrace also the
family cow and private dairies from which milk is given away.
It would, therefore, seem the time has come for a vigorous cam-
paign against the tuberculous cow on the other islands, and espe-
cially on Hawaii and Kauai, where infantile tuberculosis during
the year ending June 30, 1915, showed a mortality three times as
large as that of Oahu (9 deaths as compared to 3), and more
than twice as large during the two immediately preceding years.
From figures furnished by the Territorial registrar general, the
infantile mortality (children under 5 years of age) from tuber-
culosis amounted on Oahu alone to 26 cases in 1910-11, when
the campaign against the tuberculous canvass was begun. As the
vital statistics from the period previous to 1912 or 1913 were
deficient and as the Anti-tuberculosis League had not yet com-
menced its educational campaign, many cases were undoubtedly
never reported or else reported under headings other than tuber-
culosis. Beginning, however, with these 26 authentic deaths in
1910-11, the City and County of Honolulu shows the following
reduction in mortality:

1910-11 26

1911-12 . 15

1912-13 8

1913-14 9 .

1914-15 3

In other words where five years ago nine children died from
tuberculosis onl$ one died last year.

On the other islands taken together, the corresponding figures
show:

1910-11 18

1911-12 14

1912-13 17

1913-14 14

1914-15 . 9

In other words a reduction of two to one for these three coun-
ties, or for the entire Territory from 44 deaths in 1910-11 to
12 in 1914-15 — approximately 4 to 1.

As a specific instance, and illustrating what even partial efforts
at suppression may accomplish in the face of opposition, may be
mentioned the island of Kauai. In 1913 the president of the
Territorial Board of Health called our attention to the continued
great mortality from tuberculosis among the children on Kauai,
and suggested the possible cause to be the prevalence of bovine
tuberculosis on that island. These facts were referred to the
Deputy Territorial Veterinarian on Kauai, requesting him to

7

take such action in the matter as local circumstances would per-
mit. The vital statistics for the island showed the following
number of deaths from tuberculosis in children under five years :

1910-11 11

1911-12 10

1912-13 8

or in each case from two to three times as many deaths as on
Maui and Hawaii together. The Deputy Veterinarian shortly
reported having found about 25 per cent, of tuberculous cows
in one of the largest dairies on the island, and their subsequent
destruction. The mortality for the following years showed :

1913-14 2

1914-15 3

or, where previous to 1913 four or five babies died from tuber-
culosis, only one died after but ; partial cleaning up of the island.

It would seem that further proof would be superfluous, and
still it may be as well here to quote from my paper before the
Medical Association above referred to, in which a prominent
English pathologist after careful microscopic examination of the
excised glands of 72 children suffering from scrofulosis (tuber-
culous enlargement of the lymph glands of the neck) found 90
per cent, of the infection to be of bovine origin, and further
proved that 85 per cent, of these children had been fed on milk
from untested cows.

A circular letter to the Deputy Territorial Veterinarians on
Hawaii, Maui and Kauai has been prepared and sent to them
with instructions to cooperate with the local representative of
the Territorial Board of Health on their respective islands in en-
forcing the new Sanitary Code. On Hawaii Dr. Elliot has
already begun testing the dairy herds in Kohala and North and
South Kona, having secured leave of absence from his duties in
Hilo. He is accompanied by a Board of Health inspector who
acts as advance agent, travelling several days ahead of him ar-
ranging dates and places for testing, and impressing upon the
milk producers that no license to sell milk will be issued until a
clean bill of health, based on the tuberculin test, has been issued
by Dr. Elliot. While all dairy cows have already been tested in
Hamakua, North and South Hilo, Kona and Kau, a retest will
be required before the new license is forthcoming*

Kauai and Maui have not been heard from as yet, but energetic
steps will no doubt be taken there also as soon as the fact is
realized that the long wanted authority on which to act has now
been supplied. That human life is being wasted and that no term
less than criminal negligence can be applied to a continuation of
conditions which tolerate the presence of tuberculous infection on
premises where milk for human consumption is being produced,

8

must be realized and must be acted upon without further delay.
The new Sanitary Code puts the official approval of the Terri-
torial Board of Health on this Board's efforts at eradicating
bovine tuberculosis, and the vital statistics of the Registrar Gen-
eral prove beyond doubt an immense decrease in the mortality
among children from tuberculous infection, so, whether due to
the elimination of the tuberculous cow or to the efforts of the
Anti-Tuberculosis League, or to both, the time has come when
these factors must be applied to the fullest extent, and with
cooperation among the various sanitary authorities, it should not
be long before the last remnant of bovine tuberculosis has finally
been eradicated from the Territory.

The hog cholera situation being dealt with at length in the
appended report by Dr. Case, it only remains to state that an
investigation of the new method of vaccinating poultry against
sore-head, roup or chicken pox is well under way and will be
dealt with in a special article which is now being prepared for
publication. It may be said, however, that results obtained so
far look very promising and warrant the hope that this disease,
which for years has acted as a check on the poultry industry of
the Territory, may soon be under complete control.

Respectfully submitted,

Victor A. Norgaard,
Territorial Veterinarian.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT VETERINARIAN.

Honolulu, November 10, 1915.

Dr. Victor A. Norgaard,

Chief of Division of Animal Industry.

Sir: — I have the honor to submit the following report for the
month of October, 1915:

Tuberculosis Control.

The following dairy cattle have been tuberculin tested during
the past month:

Name Total Passed Condemned

S. Okuma 9 9

William Meyer 20 20

T. F. Farm 103 89 14

W. P. Alexander 5 4 1

G. Ikedo 9 9

M. Nee 14 14

A. F. Cooke 9 8 1

J. M. Whitney 13 13

A. L. C. Atkinson 48 47 1

Name Total Passed Condemned

College of Hawaii 22 21 1

M. Kawamura 7 7

Mills Schools 18 17 1

Oahu College 17 17

Frank Ralph 7 7

S. Tsumoto 8 8 .

M. Quintal 5 5

J. A. Vierra 3 3

A. N. Campbell 2 2

Lunalilo Home 21 21

J. P. Mendonca '. 11 11

D. Tello 2 2

F. L. Whitney.. 3 2 1

A. F. Cooke 1 1

Girls' Industrial School 7 7

John Gomes 6 6

T. Gouviera 3 3

M. M. Pedro 5 5

M. T. Brazon 13 13

J. A. Castro 8 8

John Alias 4 4

M. Pacheco 4 3 1

Salvation Army Home 5 4 1

K. Mitsunago 4 3 1

H. Focke 5 5

S. Tado 16 16

I. Morioto 7 7

From the above tabulated list it will be seen that a total of
444 head of dairy cattle were tested during the month, out of
which number 421 were passed and tagged and 23 condemned
and branded. Of the number of condemned animals, 7 have
been slaughtered at the different abattoirs, tubercular lesions be-
ing found in every instance, and 16 are segregated awaiting
slaughter.

Hog Cholera.

A number of inspections were made at different piggeries, as
fottows: 5 Chinese; 20 Japanese in Moiliili district, and at
Pond's and Kawahara's beyond Leilehua, a total of 2200 head
of hogs being examined.

In Moiliili almost without exception the hogs were in the
finest condition and according to statements from the various
owners no loss has occurred since three years ago — 1912 —
when they all experienced heavy losses, many being wiped out
of business entirely. While it may be said that correct informa-
tion regarding loss is hard to obtain, all evidence goes to show
that there is no loss occurring in these piggeries at the present

10

time from hog cholera. This statement must not be construed to
mean that the organisms of hog cholera are not present in this
district, as this could hardly be possible after such a severe out-
break as has been reported, and while undoubtedly there they are
so attenuated in vitality as to cause no loss among the hogs.

Since the last outbreak of cholera in the above district there
has been, considerable improvement in the care of the animals and
the sanitary and hygienic condition of their surroundings, this
has had the effect of raising the vitality of the hogs to the point
where they are able to resist the attenuated infection which may
be present. No serum is used by any of the above hog raisers,
in fact they have never heard of such a thing as serum.

The feed in every instance consisted of slop, rice bran or mid-
dlings, taro tops and pig weed in varying proportions. All slop
is cooked together with the green stuff and afterward the grain is
added.

In Kawahara's piggery very similar conditions prevail. There
are in the neighborhood of 450 hogs, small and large, and with
very few exceptions all are in fine condition. As far as I was
able to learn no loss attributable to cholera, has occurred in a long
time. No serum is used. The sanitary and hygienic conditions
could be greatly improved. Between 40 and 50 hogs averaging
about 135 pounds each are shipped to the Honolulu market
every month.

No slop is fed at the present time and in fact since Mr. Pond
secured the contract for the Schofield Barracks swill. The feed
now consists of a mixture of rolled barley and rice bran in the
proportion of two bags of rice bran to one bag of barley to-
gether with a varying amount of green stuff of different kinds.
The rolled barley is cooked before it is fed, the rice bran being
added afterward and the green stuff fed as it is cut. Breeding
sows and boars get only the rice bran and green stuff, no barley,
only those pigs being fattened for market get the full mixture.
They seem to do remarkably well on it, gaining weight rapidly.

At Mr. Pond's pig farm. many improvements are taking place.

Many new buildings are going up and rapid strides are being

. made in hygiene and sanitation. No cases of hog cholera have

occurred in several months and to all appearances the outbreak

is now under absolute control.

In conclusion it may be stated that while an attenuated form
of cholera infection may be and probably is present in a number
of districts on this island, the actual loss from this disease at the
present time is practically nil.

Importation of Live Stock.

S. S. Manoa, San Francisco — 10 cts. poultry.

S. S. Matsonia, San Francisco — 2 cts. poultry, 3 dogs, 1 cat,
J. F. Colburn ; 1 ct. pigeons, P. Silva ; 1 bx. white mice, U. S. L.
Ex. Sta. ; 1 dog, Wm. Dykes ; 1 dog, L. Barnett.

11

S. S. Lurline, San Francisco — 1 horse; Ant Schmer; 4 cts.
poultry, J. C. Rued; 1 ct. doves, E. O. Hall & Son; 7 Holstein
cows, 1 Holstein bull, 2 hogs, Kamehameha Schools,

S. S. Wilhelmina, San Francisco — 1 dog, Mrs, C. Meade; 15
cts. poultry.

Respectfully submitted,

Leonard N, Case,
Assistant Territorial Veterinarian.

BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS.

Its Relation to Public Health; Municipal and Territorial
Control and Suppression; Economic Importance.

(Paper read by Dr. V. A. N'orgaard, Territorial Veterinarian,
before the Hawaiian Medical Association, November, tqij.)

Mr. President, Members of the Association:

The past year has seen but insignificant changes as regards
the medical profession's standpoint relative to the subject under
discussion. Practically all scientific men consider the question
as having been definitely settled in favor of the view that bovine
tuberculosis is transmissible to human beings, and especially to
children.

What remains to be determined is the actual percentage of
cases due to the bovine infection, or, in other words, the public
health importance of the bovine disease.

In spite of the general acceptance of the theory of transmis-
sibility, there occasionally appear articles opposing this view, and
especially in countries where the work of eradication of bovine
tuberculosis is being pushed. In Sweden for instance, where
Prof. John Wennerholm now for several years has endeavored
to reduce the number of infected herds by means of the Bang
system of segregation, an article has appeared covering the
autopsy reports of not less than 7,630 children, which died dur-
ing the first year of life at the Stockholm Municipal Hospital
during the years 1842 to 1911. Six hundred and twenty-three
cases showed tuberculous lesions, of which number only six
showed lesions exclusively in the intestines and mesenteric glands.
In thirty years' experience, says the writer, (Prof. Wedin in
Arch. f. Kinderh., 1913) he has never seen a case of tuberculosis
which he could ascribe to infection through milk.

This paper is quoted by Dr. Ravenel at the last meeting of the
American Association of Medical Milk Commissions for the pur-
pose of warning against that sort of testimony. "Bacteriological
examination/' he continued, "has proven the impossibility of de-
tecting bovine tuberculosis clinically. It is also impossible to

12

determine the portal of entrance by what appears post-mortem
to be the oldest lesions. It has further been proven — by Baum-
garten, twenty years ago — that the tubercle bacillus can penetrate
the mucous membrane of the intestine and reach the lung without
causing lesions at the point of entrance."

Prof.- Wedin's paper is, therefore, of importance only as illus-
trating the kind of reasoning which has led to so much error on
this question ini the past.

In straight contrast to this is a paper by Dr. A. P. Mitchell
(British Med. Journal, Jan., 1914), covering the examination of
the cervical glands of 72 scrofulous children under 12 years of
age. He summarizes his results as follows :
0-8 years — human, 4; bovine, 30.
5-12 years — human, 3; bovine, 35.
And adds that 84 per cent, of the cases two years old or under
were fed on unsterilized cow's milk. "This," says Dr. Ravenel,
"illustrates strikingly that in addition to the deaths caused in
children by the bovine tubercle bacillus, a very large percentage
of the tuberculous deformities also come from the same source."

The importance of bovine tuberculosis must therefore be con-
sidered a factor of immense importance in so far as public health
is concerned, and as pasteurization alone has been found impos-
sible of enforcement, our efforts must be bent on suppression
and eradication of the source of infection.

Tuberculin Testing of Dairy Cattle in the City and County of
Honolulu and in the Territory.

The past year did not prove favorable to the work of eradicat-
ing bovine tuberculosis, as undertaken and adhered to by the
Board of Agriculture and Forestry since 1910.

By the end of 1914 a point had been reached which seemed to
justify our hopes that complete eradication, at least in so far as
the island of Oahu was concerned, was within reach. The num-
ber of reacting animals had been reduced to nearly 2 per cent,
from more than 30 per cent., and with the removal of these last
reactors to the slaughter house and the disinfection of the prem-
ises where they had been kept, it was believed that the time had
come when complete eradication might be accelerated by encour-
aging those dairymen who still had the infection in their herds, to
closer cooperation with the Board of Agriculture and Forestry
by obtaining financial support from the legislature then shortly to
convene. With this end in view, a bill providing for the in-
demnification of owners of tuberculous cattle was prepared and
introduced, and it is believed was favorably received and prom-
ised support to the extent of $10,000. This sum would have been
sufficient to greatly relieve the few dairy owners whom it was
thought still had any considerable number of diseased animals
in their stables. But, to the surprise of everybody concerned,
the bill was killed in'committee by the very people for the benefit

13

of whom it was conceived. A bill substituting pasteurization for
the tuberculin test, or leaving the choice of either method to the
individual dairyman, was considered but failed of acceptance.

In the meantime the regular tuberculin test of a number of
dairies had 'been postponed from time to time until a point was
reached where the Board of Agriculture and Forestry was con-
fronted with the question of either abandoning the work so well
begun and so nearly finished, or else obtain the enforcing of the
municipal milk ordinance which requires that cows furnishing
milk for human consumption must be free from tuberculosis.
The dairymen yielded and testing was resumed, and the results
demonstrated clearly how little time it takes for the tubercular
infection to spread through a herd so long as a trace of it is left.
Several of the dairies which had not been tested for a year to a
year and a half showed from fifteen to twenty-five per cent-
reactors, while one of the largest dairies where the infection had
been almost universal from the beginning but where- testing had
been continued regularly, showed the smallest number of reactors
on record, slightly more than one per cent, out of several hundred
animals. It was also demonstrated that practically every dairy
where the disease had once been cleaned out and where care had
been exercised in not introducing any but healthy tested animals,
remained free from the disease. This goes to prove that when
once eradicated the disease must be brought in from abroad in
order to gain a new foothold here, and that can, with our present
laws and regulations, be prevented, the same as has been done in
the island of Jersey these many years.

The work of eradication is now well under way again, and
while the annual crop of reactors will more than double that of
the preceding year, there is every reason to believe the ultimate
object of complete eradication is not far distant even though its
consummation has been delayed.

On the islands of Hawaii, Maui and Kauai, where no milk
ordinance requiring the tuberculin test has been effective, the"
work of eradicating tuberculosis has of necessity been slower*
Much good work has, however, been done, especially on Hawaii
where the Deputy Territorial Veterinarian, Dr. Elliot, has been
working hand in hand with the local Board of Health authorities.
All dairy cattle in the Hamakua, Hilo, Puna and Kau districts
have been tested and the reactors eliminated from the herds, and
the work will soon be extended to the entire island. Considering
the distance to be covered you will understand that this is no
small undertaking for one man whose principal duties require his
presence almost constantly in or near Hilo, but all of you who
know Dr. Elliot also know that he will accomplish it. That he
is thoroughly interested in the work and understands the require-
ments and the ultimate aim of it is best demonstrated by reading
his contribution to this paper.

On Maui and Kauai only such dairy herds have been tested as

14

the owners have volunteered or been persuaded to clean up. The
large plantation dairies have nearly all been tested and many
private owners have seen the necessity for eliminating the danger
of infection through tuberculous milk. A new era will undoubt-
edly begin with the enforcement of the

Sanitary Code of the Territorial Board of Health of August

18, 1915.

This code requires the testing for tuberculosis of all cows in
the Territory whose milk is sold for human consumption. While
it leaves out the private owner and protects the family cow
against the test, it will, nevertheless, be of immense support in the
work of eradication. Had this code been promulgated a few
years ago, the Territory would, in my opinion, have been free of
tuberculosis by this time. But late is better than never, and I
have great hopes that the new code will prevent any such delays
in the work as that already described. The Territory is now
actually in the fight against this dangerous though preventable
disease, and the authority which the code lends to those upon
whom the actual work of eradication falls cannot be over-
estimated.

Infantile Mortality from Tuberculosis.

In my paper before the Association last year I mentioned the
apparent decrease in the number of deaths among infants under
five years of age, which appears to have occurred in the City
and County of Honolulu coincidentally with the elimination of
the tuberculous infection from the market milk. This decrease
seems to be accentuated through the latest report of the Regis-
trar General, if I interpret the figures furnished me correctly.
In this connection it may be mentioned that similar observations
have been made in other countries, notably England, where the
health authorities in Leeds and Manchester both agree that a
notable decrease in infantile tuberculosis has occurred in direct
proportion to elimination of the tuberculous cow. The Manches-
ter method, which consists in tuberculin testing and removal from
the dairies of the reactors, in constantly widening circles or by
definite districts, is accepted as most practical in many parts of
England, and the results have been most gratifying, especially
where eradication has gone hand in hand with pasteurization.
This means that where, for economic reasons, all reactors can-
not be destroyed at once, they are segregated and their milk
pasteurized before it can be used for human consumption. Board
of Health statistics from Leeds, Manchester and other cities
where practiced, have shown so decided a decline in the mortality
pf children under five years of age that it exceeded that of many
smaller but wealthy municipalities where social uplift clubs and
anti-tuberculous leagues claimed the reduction due to the better

15

sanitary conditions in the homes of the laboring classes, resulting
from their work, there is still a margin of lessened mortality from
infantile tuberculosis which can be observed only in those disr
tricts where the tuberculous infection has been reduced or entirely
removed from the market milk, whether by testing or by pasteuri-
zation, a fact which is easily understood when we recall Dr.
Mitchell's already quoted statement that 84 per cent, of children
under 2 years of age and suffering from scrofulosis were fed
on unpasteurized milk and showed infection with the bovine
form of the tubercle bacillus. Similar observations made by Dr.
Park of New York and by many other prominent investigators
were quoted in my paper before this Association last year, and
Dr. Mitchell's observations may, therefore, be considered as con-
firming these. With such evidence before us, we can no longer
afford to quibble and waste time on recalcitrant obstructionists,
who in most cases are endeavoring to further personal aims or
ambitions by appearing to champion the cause of the overbur-
dened milk producer who cannot "afford" to rid his herd of
tuberculous cows.

That bovine tuberculosis can be eradicated without actual loss
to the milk producer and without indemnifying the owner of con-
demned cows out of public funds, has been amply demonstrated
here. With the passing of the municipal milk ordinance of the
City and County of Honolulu in 1910, it became a misdemeanor
to sell milk from cows affected with tuberculosis and to obtain
a license to sell milk the applicant must present a certificate show-
ing that his herd had been tested with tuberculin and found free
from tuberculosis. While the ordinance provided that the test
should be made without cost to the owner, no provision was made
for the disposal of the reacting animals or for the reimbursement
of the owner who had to send a greater or less percentage of his
herd to the slaughter house. The dairymen consequently did the
only possible thing that could be done in the premises, that is,
they raised the price of milk. If the milk consuming public
wanted milk from tuberculin tested herds they must pay for it.
Whether this point of view was correct is a question. The milk
consumer undoubtedly received the most direct benefit from the
measure, but being preliminarily a public health measure, origi-
nated and enforced by government officers, and one of grave im-
port to the entire community, whether milk consumer or not, the
question as to whether the consumer alone should pay for the
protection of the entire community naturally presents itself. The
demand for clean milk was, however, so strong that the increase
of 25 per. cent, in the cost of milk to the consumer caused but
little objection and apparently had little effect upon the quantity
consumed. Milk rose in price from 10 cents to \2y 2 cents pet-
quart in Honolulu, a few independent milk producers, mostly
Orientals, selling at 12 cents flat. With art average consumption
of 9000 quarts per day an increase of but 2 cents per quart would
mean $160.00 every day, or $65,700.00 per annum paid by the

16

milk consumer for milk from tuberculin tested cows. During
the five years which have been devoted to eradication of the
tuberculous dairy cow, an aggregate of 1500 condemned reactors
have been butchered. For these animals the milk consumers have
paid $328,500.00 or $219.00 per head. As the carcasses of these
animals have realized the owners at least $20.00 each, it would
appear that if these $239.00 per head could all be charged as paid
by the consumer for condemned cattle exclusively, the milk pro-
ducer had been well paid. Such, however, is not the case. The
cost of production of milk has increased considerably during
the period under consideration, and it is possible that had it not
been for the already very high price of milk, and a price which
has been paid without complaint by the consumer so long as he
thought his family was being actually protected against at least
one source of infection from tuberculosis, the price would un-
doubtedly have been raised long ago. Allowing one cent per
quart for the increased cost of production during the past five
years, the average price paid for each condemned cow may be
placed at $120.00, which is probably very close to the average
for which these animals could have been replaced.

So, whether just or unjust, the consumer has tacitly agreed
to pay for clean milk from healthy cows, and is entitled to get
what he pays for. On the other hand the producer has repeatedly
signified that he prefers to get his remuneration for condemned
cows directly from the consumer, instead of by official appraisal
and indemnification. And, finally, as existing statutes and regu-
lations allow for no other solution of the subject, it would seem
as if the way is now open for final eradication of bovine tuber-
culosis on the island of Oahu, and for the earnest extension of
the work to the other islands. I, therefore, wish in conclusion
to ask all the members of this Association to help along, when-
ever the opportunity presents itself, to further the interest in and
the demand for clean milk from healthy cows. One cent or
two per day is a good investment if it prevents a case of tuber-
culosis in the family.

Discussion of Paper.

The discussion of Dr. Norgaard's paper was opened by Dr.
Sinclair.

Dr. Norgaard, following Dr. Sinclair, said:

I wish to add only a few words in regard to the general milk
supply of Honolulu at the present time.

To the most casual observer a great improvement in dairy
sanitation and in the handling and care of the milk, as well as.
the animals, is plainly visible, especially if the observer was at all
familiar with the conditions of five years ago. The constant
visits of the tuberculin testing officials, a word of approval or
praise, a timely suggestion of improvements as to methods and

17

means, or perhaps, in rare cases, a word of warning about un-
pleasant consequences if necessary improvements should not be
forthcoming within a week, have in most cases worked toward a
better understanding of the most elementary requirements for the
production of clean milk and subsequently to an actual desire for
improvements which hitherto had been regarded as unnecessary
and expensive, evils to be dodged whenever possible. Many of
the smaller Oriental dairies are now as clean as the proverbial
dutch kitchen, and what counts heavier, on account of the larger
numbers of cattle and the greater expense involved, quite a num-
ber of the larger dairies have either built entirely new barns or
stables, or reconstructed and modernized the old ones. Among
these should be mentioned Mr. Charles Bellina's and Mr. Frank
Andrade's, the former being a new stable with 196 stanchions
made of galvanized iron pipe set in a concrete foundation. A
central feed alley is provided with rails on which move the feed
cars. In the center of the stable is a turnstile by means of which
the cars can be run to the various feed boxes, or else be filled
with chopped green feed — alfalfa or Sudan grass from a storage
room above, to which the feed is blown through tubes from the
cutter located in a separate building beside the stable. The
mangers are concrete with smooth cemeht surfaces, partitioned
off for each cow with hinged galvanized iron partition which can
be raised so as to allow the entire manger to be flushed clean
with water. The floors are concrete, graded to the gutters, all of
which slant to a general outlet from where the manure is flushed
through pipes and flumes directly back to the alfalfa or Sudan
fields. A great improvement has been made in the manner of
collecting the milk, in that the large collecting cans (40 gallons)
have been placed in enclosed boxes with sliding doors and situated
on the outside of the rails behind the cows, but well out of range
of .the splash from the gutters and the swish of the tails. When
full these containers are carried on a low truck to a wire con-
veyor on which they slide to the milk room some distance from
the stable. Mr. Bellina is one of the largest milk producers in
Honolulu at the present time, and great credit is due for his fore-
sight and confidence in the future of the local milk problem.

The same may be said of Mr. Andrade, Mr. Lucas, Mr. Love
and many others, and though much still remains to be done,
there is evidence of progress in nearly every direction.

At this Association's meeting last year a great number of
questions were asked in regard to Honolulu Dairymen's Associa-
tion's establishment on Sheridan street. While no inquiries hatfe
been made this time, I nevertheless shall use this opportunity to
state that the interest then taken in that concern by the medical
profession undoubtedly was conducive to the far-reaching im-
provements which have been effected during the past year. The
steam sterilization of bottles and containers has been perfected,
the milk room proper has been made absolutely fly-proof and the
walls made as smooth as enamel. An ice cream factory has been

18

established, and its products afe guaranteed always to be up to
the official requirements as to milk fat, natural flavors and
absence of chemicals and preservatives. All the milk is care-
fully strained, electrically treated by a process which practically
pasteurizes it without leaving any taste, usually noticeable in
ordinary pasteurized milk. As this Association handles nearly
75 per cent, of the milk consumed in Honolulu, and as the
process carries with it the cooling of the milk to nearly 40° F.,
its beneficial effect is obvious, especially as the official require-
ments afe complied with so long as the milk producer cools his
milk to 77° F., which is practically no cooling at all as this tem-
perature hardly inhibits the development of micro-organisms in
any perceptible degree. Cold storage rooms, ice machine and
artesian well are some of the other improvements of the Associa-
tion's worth mentioning, and scrupulous cleanliness is enforced
throughout every step in the preparation of the milk and its
products for local market. So long as these conditions prevail I
can recommend the Association's products to the practicing phy-
sicians of Honolulu, and would suggest that a visit to the prem-
ises would, perhaps more than anything I can tell you, convince
you of the truth of my statements.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Honolulu, November 15, 1915.
Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.

Gentlemen : — I respectfully submit my report of the work per-
formed by the Division of Entomology for the month of Octo-
ber, 1915, as follows:

During the month 44 vessels arrived at the port of Honolulu,
of which 15 carried vegetable matter. Of these vessels, 7 passed
through the Panama canal.

Disposal Lots Parcels

Passed as free from pests 1210 21,393

Fumigated 3 6

Burned 19 20

Returned < 4 8

# «

Total inspected. 1236 21,427

Of these shipments 21,160 packages arrived as freight, 148
packages as mail matter and 119 packages as baggage of passen-
gers and immigrants.

19

Rice and Bean Shipments.

During the month 25,853 bags of rice and 6175 bags of beans
arrived from Japan, all of which was found free from pests and
was allowed to enter the Territory.

Pests Intercepted.,

Eighteen packages of fruit were taken from passengers and
immigrants coming from foreign countries and were destroyed
by burning.

Six ornamental plants arrived by the transport Dix from
Japan and as the consignee had no permit from the Federal
Horticultural Board for this shipment they were refused entry.

Four cases of rose plants from California had to be fumigated
on account of being infested with rose aphis. A cactus plant
from Japan was fumigated and the soil removed from its roots
as a precautionary measure.

One package of tree seed and one package of bulbs arriving
by mail from Japan were returned to shipper as being unmail-
able under ruling of the Federal Horticultural Board.

All shipments of fruit and vegetables coming from the Coast
were in very excellent condition in regard to quality and all
shipments were free from infestation. While on a visit to Cali-
fornia I called on the various shipping firms who have consignees
here and impressed upon them the necessity of shipping the very
best products for our consumption. I also explained to them that
owing to the six-day trip, particular care should be exercised in
selecting the best snipping varieties as all soft fruits invariably
showed ill effects from a long journey.

Beneficial Insects.

During the month of October the following parasites of fruit-
flies have been bred :

Tetrastichus gifTardii 20,600

Diachasma fullawayi 961

Diachasma tryoni , 714

Total bred 22,275

Including the usual quota of parasites of the horn, house
and stable fly bred during the month* the following parasites were
liberated in various sections:

20

Tetrastichus giffardii 18,400

Diachasma fullawayi 916

Diachasma tryoni 679

African spalangia 1,600

Philippine spalangia , 1,500

African Hornfly 1,400

Philippine Pteromalid 1,200

Total distributed 25,695

As usual, large quanties of Opius humilis were liberated from
the insectary bred from fruits collected in various sections. We
have been able to recover from fruits collected in the field small
quantities of Diachasma fullawayi and Tetrastichus giffardii.
We are now placing fruits from many localities where the various
parasites have been liberated for the purpose of getting the per-
centage of parasitism existing in such places.

About 200 parasites (Leptomastix histrio?) of the Mealybug
were liberated during the month. This species has been success-
fully bred from the Sugarcane Mealybug (Pseudococcus sac-
chari) by Mr. O. H. Swezey in his laboratory.

Hilo Inspection.

During the month of October, Brother Matthias Newell re-
ports the arrival of 8 steamers, of which 6 brought vegetable
matter consisting of 387 lots and 6580 packages. Thei T. K. K.
steamer Anyo Maru arrived on October 8th, direct from Japan,
bringing 8248 bags of rice and 385 bags of beans, 100 bags of
corn and 20 bags of peanuts. All of these shipments were found
free from pests and allowed to enter the port.

Inter-Island Inspection.

During the month 51 steamers plying between Honolulu and
the other islands were attended to. The following shipments
were passed :

Taro 396 bags

Plants 78 packages

Vegetables s 38

Fruit 6

Total bags and packages inspected 518

The following packages were refused shipment on account of
infection and also of having undesirable soil attached to the
plants :

21

Plants 12 packages

Fruit 10

Total refused shipment 22 "

Respectfully submitted,

E. M. Ehrhorn,
Superintendent of Entomology.

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

Honolulu, November 17, 1915.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.

Gentlemen : — I respectfully submit the following routine report
for the Division of Forestry for the month of October, 1915 :

Forest Fires.

On October 6 there was a fire on the ridge between Wailupe
and Niu Valleys, Oahu, which burned over a few acres of land
covered with grass and lantana. A severe wind was blowing at
the time, but the fire was promptly extinguished that same night
by ten men whom Judge A. Perry personally conducted to the
area.

Kahoolawe.

In company with Commissioner H. M. von Holt I visited the
Kahoolawe Forest Reserve from October 8-11. Mr. Eben Low
kindly took us over to the island in his launch and furnished us
with riding horses and other accommodations while on the island.
We found the island greatly benefited by the recent heavy rains,
which have made the pili grass and native weeds, such as ilima
and ahuloa, grow tall and rank, and by the reduction of stock
which has enabled the algaroba trees and herbage to get a good
start. We found these young trees in almost every situation on
the island where the pili grass grows, and if they are not injured
in any way they promise to become quite a forest. A part of
the top of the island is still nothing but bare red dirt, but if
all stock is removed from the island it is my belief that the
grasses at least will encroach on the barren land. Several dozen
highland ironwood trees, Casuarina cuadrivalvis , which Mr. Low
planted on the upper part of the island at an elevation of 1200
feet in April, 1912, are well established and growing nicely, and
in the same region the forage grass, Paspalum dilitatum, which
he set out, is spreading rapidly over a large area and promises
to be a good soil-binder. It is estimated that there still remain

22

on the island approximately three hundred wild goats and seven-
ty-five semi-wild sheep. Definite plans for the removal of these
are now being formulated.

Waianae Trip.

On October 21 I visited a portion of the Waianae-kai Forest
Reserve and madq a thorough investigation of the occupancy of
a piece of land in this reserve by an Hawaiian, Thomas Makia.
A special report on this has already been submitted to you. I
also got a line on a local resident who could serve as a Forest
Ranger for this district to keep up the forest fences and do other
patrol work on the reserves in this locality. It is planned to
have the new ranger begin work here on December 1 .

Forest Fencing.

Forest Ranger Kaina D. Lovell reports that at the end of
October, 3,500 feet of the fence along the forest reserve boundary
at Anahola, Kauai, had been completed.

The only bid received in response to the advertisement for the
construction of the fence around Section B of the Olaa Forest
Park Reserve on the Volcano Road, Hawaii, was received from
Mr. A. J. W. MacKenzie and amounted to $260.27. The job
was, therefore, awarded to hirh. It is expected that this fence
will be completed before the end of November.

Sale of Awa Root.

Mr. C. M. Hudson of Hilo, Hawaii, submitted the only bid for.
purchasing an unestimated amount of awa root in the Hamakua
Pali Forest Reserve, Hawaii, and it was at the rate of three cents
per pound, dry weight. The sale was, therefore, awarded to
Mr. Hudson, and the agreement, which was approved on October
26, runs for one year from that date and requires the same con-
ditions as to the planting of awa slips and the prevention of
damage to forest growth as those required in the agreement with
Mr, Hudson for gathering two tons of awa root in the Puna
Forest Reserve, mentioned in my routine report for September.

Cattle in Nuuanu Valley.

On October 28 I was informed that there were eight head of
cattle in the upper part of Nuuanu Valley on the Honolulu Water-
shed Forest Reserve, which had come over from Kaneohe. I at
once took Up the matter with Manager O. C. LudlofT of the
Kaneohe Ranch Company and he informed me that these eight
head had been removed f rorh the forest reserve on October 24.

23

Forest Reserve Notices.

Five hundred copies of the following notice have been printed
on cloth and I have begun to have them posted in conspicuous
places at the boundaries and within the forest reserves on all
islands :

FOREST RESERVE
BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY *
TERRITORY OF HAWAII

All persons are warned not to start fires or to
commit any depredations on this land, under penalty
of the law. The removal of any material from the
Forest Reserve without a permit is prohibited.

C. S. Judd,
Superintendent of Forestry.

It is hoped that these signs will have a beneficial effect in
acquainting the public with the location of the different reserves
and in mitigating the few depredations in the forests which have
been occasionally reported.

Seed Distribution.

A consignment of seeds of some of our successfully introduced
timber and ornamental trees has been sent to the Director of
Forestry at Manila, P. I., in order to assist the Bureau of For-
estry there in tree introductions.

A small consignment of seed of the karaka tree, Corvnoceraus
laevigata, was received during the month through the kindness of
Mr. Eric Knudsen. This tree was introduced from New Zealand
by his father and planted at Halemanu, Kauai, where it has spread
considerably. While not a very valuable timber tree, the karaka
is believed to be a good watershed cover, and suitable for many
of the wet localities at the higher elevations on these islands. It
has already done well on Molokai. Young seedlings of this tree
are being raised at the Government Nursery for planting at the
higher elevations on this island, and seeds were distributed to
Mr. W. F. Pogue and Mr. L. von Tempsky for planting on the
higher elevations of Maui.

Mr. George Munro of Lanai has kindly agreed to secure for
this Division, from his brother in New Zealand, seeds of many
trees growing there which might do well in these Islands.

Arbor Day.

The Governor of the Territory has officially declared Friday,
November 19, as Arbor Day, and already many thousands of trees
have been distributed to school children and homesteaders on the
other islands for planting on this day. The men at the nursery

24

have also been very busy in preparing for the distribution of
trees for planting in and around Honolulu on Arbor Day,

Basket Willow.

A handsome wicker settee has been made by one of the Portu-
guese laborers of the Board from the yellow willows, Salix
vitellina, grtown at the Makiki Experiment Garden from slips
introduced by Dr. L. R. Gaspar from Funchal, Madeira, in 1909.
This settee has been placed on exhibition in one of the windows
of the Coyne Furniture Company for a few days in order to in-
dicate to the public the possibilities of osier culture and of a
wicker furniture industry here in these islands.

Respectfully submitted,

CS. Judd,
Superintendent of Forestry*

FOREST NURSERYMAN'S REPORT.

Honolulu, November 22, 1915.
Superintendent of Forestry.

Dear Sir : — I herewith submit a report of the work done during
the month of October, 1915 :

Nursery.
Distribution of Plants.

In seed In boxes Pot

boxes transplanted Grown Total

Sold 250 39 289

Gratis 150 654 804

400 693 1093

Collections.

Collections on account of plants sold amounted to $3.50.

Plantation Companies and Other Corporations.

The distribution of plants under this heading amounted to 2900
in transplant boxes ready to set out.

25

Collection and Distribution of Seed.

Our seed collectors have been kept busy in and around the city
collecting seed of flowering and forest trees. We have received
from H. W. Potts, principal of the Hawkesbury Agricultural Col-
lege, Richmond, New South Wales, a package of seed of choice
eucalyptus and other trees. We have been requested to send
sample packages of our seed in return. A package will be mailed
to Mr. Potts by the first steamer going south.

Makiki Station.

Work in connection with Arbor Day and other routine work
has kept the men busy during the month.

Honolulu Watershed Planting.

Owing to tht, rank growth of grass and other weeds which
have sprung up around the recently planted trees we had to
abandon the planting for a time and put the men to hoeing and
clearing off. A large part of the first planted area is now safe
and will not require any more attention as the trees are well
above the grass and brush and are able to take care of them-
selves.

Advice and Assistance.

The writer has been called upon to make visits and otherwise
give advice and assistance as follows : Calls made in and around
city, 12; requests for advice answered by telephone, 15; requests
for advice answered by letter, 4; requests for advice by people
calling at the nursery, 7; total, 38.

Respectfully submitted,

David Haugh-s,
Forest Nurseryman.

DIVISION OF HYDROGRAPHY.

Honolulu, November 12, 1915.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.

Gentlemen : — The following report of operations of the Divi-
sion of Hydrography during October, 1915, is submitted:

Weather Conditions.

Rainfall was plentiful on all islands during the month, increas-
ing in quantity towards the end of the month. All streams,
ditches and reservoirs were well supplied at the end of the month.

26

Special Investigations.

Kipapa Ditch Losses, Oahu — On October 23, the manager of
the Oahu Sugar Co., Ltd., asked if this office could make a few
measurements on the Kipapa flood water ditch of that plantation,
to determine seepage losses. This investigation was undertaken
on October 26, and it was found necessary to extend the work
over to include the 27th, in order that reliable data might be
obtained. The data obtained were very valuable and resulted
in the resolution, by the directors of this plantation, to expend
about $40,000.00 in lining this ditch with cement or concrete.
A copy of the report, with blue prints, furnished the Oahu Sugar
Co., Ltd., is appended hereto.

Dry Weather Flow Between Waialae and Makapuu Point,
Oahu — An investigation was made to determine the advisability
of establishing weir stations in the upper valleys between Waialae
and Makapuu Point, to measure the duration and quantities of
flowing water in these valleys in dry weather. Inquiry of land
holders and inhabitants of these valleys leads to the conclusion
that there is no surface flow, except for periods of a few weeks
after heavy rains, and that the expenditure of time and funds
necessary for an intensive investigation of this kind is not justi-
fied. The investigation of the flow of springs near sea level in
these valleys will be undertaken, as soon as weather conditions
permit.

East Maui Ditch Flow — At the request of His Excellency the
Governor and the Land Commissioner of Hawaii, an investiga-
tion to determine the quantities of water diverted from the areas
un'der each of the five Territorial water and land leases on East
Maui was started. In order that ditch improvement work costing
about $300,000.00 may be started in the near future, an attempt
is being made by the lessees of Leases Nos. 475B and 658 —
which terminate in 1916 and 1919 respectively — to have these
leases renewed as soon as possible. The flow of streams and
ditches in this region has been under investigation by this divi-
sion and the U. S. Geological Survey since 1910. The East Maui
Irrigation Company has furnished all data in its possession and
from all data at hand an estimate of the mean flow, in million-
gallons per day, diverted from the lands under each lease has
been worked out. This report was completed on November 10,
and copies thereof will be submitted with the regular November
report.

Special Work For the Governor.

This division began the preparation of colored maps showing
the Territorial lands, homesteads, Federal reservations, Terri-
torial and private forest reserves as well as tunnels, ditches, etc.,
of the islands of Kauai and Maui. Tables of ditch and stream
flow from Territorial lands are also being prepared. These data

27

and maps are to be used by the Governor as exhibits at Wash-
ington, D. C, in the near future. The work will be completed
in November.

Honolulu Water Commission,

This commission has obtained and copied during the month
numerous data filed in this office.

New Construction.

Kauai — Two of the three new stream measurement stations
being established on the three main branches of the Waimea
river, above all diversions, were completed and work on the third
station was about two-thirds completed. A serious accident oc-
curred on October 28, at this last station site, when a steel eye-
bolt made of one-inch diameter steel parted, and dropped D. E.
Horner, field assistant, and Shima Taniguchi, laborer, onto the
stream bed bowlders 18 feet below. Both men were badly bruised
and shaken up, but no bones were broken. Both were taken to
Waimea and both are convalescing. In compliance with the
Workmen's Compensation Act, the proper papers have been com-
pleted and forwarded to the proper authorities.

Oahu — Three new reinforced concrete "controls" or broad
crested weirs were completed on the Koloa, Wailele, and Kaha-
wainui streams near Laie. These stations are maintained in
cooperation with the Laie Plantation Co. to determine the flood
discharge of these streams, in connection with a proposed flood
water storage project in the vicinity.

19 13-19 15 Biennial Report.

The office and computation work progressed favorably and this
report is considered as 98 per cent, complete. Blue print data
for all islands will probably be available for distribution by De-
cember 31, 1915.

Leave of Absence.

G. K. Larrison, superintendent, was absent on leave October
15 to 19 as a National Guard officer in connection with the annual
U. S. Army maneuvers on Oahu.

H. A. R. Austin, junior engineer, U. S. Geological Survey,
was absent on leave October 7 to 31, attending the annual con-
ference of engineers of the U. S. Geological Survey held at
San Francisco, October 15 to 25.

Routine Maintenance and Operation Work.

Kauai — W. V. Hardy, assistant engineer, and D. E. Horner,
field assistant, visited 15 stream and ditch and 16 rain measure-

28

ment stations. Ten stream and ditch measurements were made
and about five miles of foot trails cleared of vegetation.

Oahw — Fifteen stream and ditch and two rainfall measure-
ment stations were visited. Eight measurements were made at
regular stations and 20 miscellaneous ditch measurements were
made.

Maui — Nothing was done on Maui except to keep clock driven
water registers in operation. G. K. Larrison, superintendent,
visited Paia, Maui, on October 29-31, and collected ditch run-
off data of the East Maui Irrigation Company.

Hawaii and Molokai — Only rainfall observations were made
by cooperative observers.

Very respectfully,

G. K. Larrison,
Superintendent of Hydrography.

AN ANNOTATED REFERENCE LIST OF THE MORE

COMMON TREES AND SHRUBS OF THE

KONAHUANUI REGION.

By Vaughan MacCaughey, College of Hawaii.

The following list was originally made for use in the author's
coufses in dendrology and in general botany, in the College of
Hawaii. It includes all of the commoner species of native trees
and shrubs found in the forested mountains back of Honolulu.
These mountains, of which Konahuanui is largest and highest, are
frequently visited for botanical collecting and study, as well as
for their scenic beauty. The forest of the mountain range proper
is hydrophytic, "rain forest.'' The list includes the rain forest
and the humid lower forest ; it does not include the dry foothills
and other xerophytic districts. Professor John S. Donaghho of
the College of Hawaii has prepared a large map of the mountains
.back of Honolulu, showing contour intervals and trails.

The arrangement is alphabetical, with cross-references, giving
botanic, Hawaiian and English names. The localities given
under each species are typical or representative regions ; the
great majority of the species are abundant all along the Koolau
mountain range, from Niu and Wailupe west to the forests
mauka of Kahuku. The list has proved of distinct use for refer-
ence purposes, and may be of interest to readers of the Forester.
Aalii — See Dodonea.

Acacia Koa Gray — Koa; abundant in the lower and middle por-
tions of the Koolau forests ; occurring plentifully along
ridges of Tantalus, Kalihi, Hillebrand's Gleri, Pohakea, Pa-
lolo. (Legume family.)
Ae — See Zanthoxylum.
Aha-kea — See Bobea.

29

Aiea — See Nothocestrum.

Akia — See Wikstroemia.

Alaa — See Sideroxylon.

Ala-he e — See Plectronia.

Alani — See Pelea.

Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. — Kukui; well-known tree; the
most conspicuous member of the Koolau lower forest. Abun-
dant at the heads of all the valleys back of Honolulu, up to
an elevation of about 2200 feet. (Euphorbia family.)

Antidesma platyphyllum Mann — Hatne or Haa; a medium-sized
tree; fairly common in the rain forest, 1500-3000 feet; Ka-
lihi, Kahauiki, Hillebrand's Glen, Konahuanui. (Euphorbia
family.)

Bobea elatior Gaud. — Ahakea; medium tree; fairly abundant in
all parts of the Koolau rain forest; Manoa, Pauoa, Hille-
brand's Glen, Kahauiki, etc. (Madder family.)

Broussaisia arguta Gaud. — Kanawau and Puahanui; very com
mon shrub, occasionally arborescent; occurs throughout the
rain forest, 1000-3000 feet; abundant around Olympus, Ko-
nahuanui, Lanihuli. (Saxifrage family.)

Charpentiera obovata Gaud. — Papala; medium-sized tree; plen*
tiful throughout the Koolau range; abundant in shady pro-
tected ravines and pockets, above Woodlawn, and back of
Tantalus. (Amaranth family.)

Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii (DC.) Seem — Olapa; common in
the rain forest above 2000 feet, usually in groups; Hille-
brand's Glen; Pauoa, Palolo, Olympus, etc. (Aralia family,)

Cheirodendron platyphyllum (Hook. & Arn.) Seem — Lapa-lapa' r
occurs only on the summit peaks and ridges of the Koolaus:
Konahuanui, Lanihuli; not found below 2500 feet. (Aralia
family. )

Cibotium Chamissoi Kaulf — Hapu; the small tree fern; fairly
common above 1200 feet. (Tree Fern family.)

Clermontia oblongifolia Gaud — Ohawai; shrub or small tree,
fairly common in the rain forest: Tantalus, Manoa, Pauoa,
etc.

Clermontia persicaefolia Gaud — Ohawai; shrub or small tree,
fairly common in the rain forest: Hillebrand's Glen, upper
Kalihi, upper Palolo, etc. (Campanula family.)

Coprosma longifolia Gray — Pilo ; small tree, common along the
upper ridges throughout the Koolau rain forest: Konahua-
nui, Lanihuli, etc. (Madder family.)

Dodonaea viscosa L. — A alii; small tree, occurring gregariously
throughout the Koolau range* from the lower forest to the
summit ridge: Waialae, Palolo, Manoa, Kahauiki, etc.
(Soapberry family.)

Dubautia plantaginea Gaud — Naenae; shrub or small tree, com-
mon in the Koolau forests above 1800 feet: Konahuanui,
etc. (Composite family.)

30

Ebony, Hawaiian — See Maba.

Elaeocarpus bifidus Hook & Arn. — Kalia; small or medium tree
(30-40 ft.), fairly common along the upper ridges, and in
hanging valleys, throughout the Koolau range: Lanihuli,
Konahuanui, etc. (Eleaocarpus family.)

Eurya Sandwicensis Gray — JVanini; shrub or small tree, occur-
ring fairly commonly in the rain forest up to the summit
ridges: Konahuanui, Olympus, etc. (Tea family.)

Gardenia Remyi Mann — Manu; small tree, occurring here and
there in the rain forest throughout the Koolaus : Tantalus,
Pauoa, Palolo, Lulumahu Pohakea. (Madder family.)

Gouldia axillaris Wawra — Manono ; small tree, throughout the
Koolau range in the rain forest, most abundant near the
summit ridges: Konahuanui, Olympus, etc. (Madder
family.)

Haa — See Antidesma.

Hame — See Antidesma.

Hao — See Rauwolfia.

Hapu — See Cibotium.

He-ae — See Zanthoxylum.

Hesperomannia arborescens Gray — Shrub or small tree ; occurs
here and there along summit ridges and peaks of the Koo-
laus. (Composite family.)

Hibiscus Arnottianus Gray — Kokia Keokeo; native white hibis-
cus ; a tall shrub or small tree ; on slopes and along stream
beds throughout the Koolau rain forest: Tantalus, upper
Manoa, Hillebrand's Glen, Lulu-mahu, etc. (Cotton family.)

Ho-awa — See Pittosporum.

Hydrangea, Hawaiian — See Broussaisia.

Ilex Sandwicensis (Endl.) Loes — Kawau; small to medium tree;
very common throughout the rain forest; abundant on the
upper ridges and slopes of Konahuanui, Olympus, Tanta-
lus, etc. (Aquifolia family.)

Ili-ahi — See Santalum.

Ironwood, Hawaiian — See Rauwolfia.

Jambosa malaccensis (L.) P. EC. — Ohia ai; Mountain Apple;,
well-known tree; gregarious in valleys and gulches along
mountain streams: Moanalua, Pauoa, Hillebrand's Glen,
Palapu, Ohuohi. (Myrtle family.)

Kalia — See Elaeocarpus.

Ka-maka-hala — See Labordia.

Kana-wau — See Broussaisia.

Ka-wau — See Ilex.

Koa — See Acacia Koa.

Kokia Keo-keo — See Hibiscus.

Kolea — See Suttonia lessertiana.

Kolea lau-lii — See Suttonia Sandwicensis.

Ko-piko — See Straussia.

Ko-piko Kea — See Straussia Kaduana.

Ku-kui — See Aleurites.

31

Labordia membranacea Mann — Kamakahala; small tree, fairly
common in the rain forest: Olympus, upper Manoa, Kona-
huanui, Lulu-mahu, Lanihuli, etc. (Logania family.)

Labordia seesilio Gray ; medium tree ; confined to the Koolau rain
forest, particularly along the summit ridges: Olympus,
Manoa trail, Konahuanui, Lanihuli, etc.

Lama — See Maba.

Lehua ahihi — See Metrosideros tremuloides.

Lehua papa — See Metrosideros.

Loulu hiwa — See Pritchardia.

Maba Sandwicensis A. DC. — Lama; medium tree; occurs plenti-
fully throughout the Koolau rain forest: upper Manoa,
upper Nuuanu, upper Kalihi, etc. (Ebony family.)

Ma-maki — See Pipturus.

Ma-no-no — See Gouldia.

Maua — See Xylosma.

Metrosideros macropus Hook & Arn. — Ohia lehua] a large tree,
occurring here and there in the rain forest, but uncommon
as compared with polymorpha, Lulu-mahu, Kalihi, Moana-
lua.

Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. — Ohia lehua; shrubby or me-
dium tree, very common on ridges and valley slopes through-
out the Koolau range: Tantalus, upper Manoa, Olympus,
etc. (Myrtle family.)

Metrosideros rugosa Gray — Lehua papa; small tree or shrub,
growing on exposed ridge combs, windward cliffs and
pockets, along the Koolau range.

Metrosideros tremuloides (Heller) Rock — Lehua ahihi; small
tree on ridges and slopes throughout the Konahuanui region
— Tantalus, Lanihuli, etc. — at 1000-2000 feet elevation.

Mountain Apple — See Jambosa.

Myoporum Sandwicense (DC.) Gray — Naio; common forest
tree, in sheltered places on slopes and in valley heads: Ka-
lihi, upper Nuuanu, Pauoa, Tantalus, Manoa, etc. (Myo-
porum family.)

Naio — See Myoporum.

Nae-nae — See Dubautia.

Nanu — See Gardenia.

Nau-paka — See Scaevola.

Nothocestrum longifolium Gray — Aiea; shrub or small tree;
fairly common in the Koolau rain forest: Tantalus, Olym-
pus, Hillebrand's Glen, etc. (Potato family.)

Oha-wai — See Clermontia.

Ohe mauka — See Tetraplasandra.

Ohe-ohe — See Petrotropia.

Ohia ai — See Jambosa.

Ohia lehua — See Metrosideros polymorpha.

Olapa — See Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii.

Olive, Hawaiian — See Osmanthus.

Olo-mea— See Perrottetia.

32

Olopua — See Osmanthus.

Opuhe — See Urera.

Osmanthus Sandwicensis (Gray) Knobl. — Olopua or Pua; Ha-
waiian Olive ; occurs here and there in the lower forest zone ;
Tantalus, Palolo, Waialae, Kalihi. (Olive family.)

Palm, native fan — See Pritchardia. The botanic status of the
various native fan palms (loulu) is still unsettled.

Pa-pala — See Charpentiera.

Pa-pala Ke-pau — See Pisonia.

Pelea clusiaefolia Gray — Alani; small to medium tree, common
throughout the Koolau Range at 1800-2400 feet ; plentiful in
upper Palolo, Lulumahu, Hillebrand's glen (Rue family).

Pelea rotundifolia Gray ; shrub or small tree, fairly abundant here
and there throughout the Koolau rain forest ; occurs on Tan-
talus, Olympus, Konahuanui, etc. (Rue family.)

Pelea Wawreana Rock; small tree; fairly common along the
Koolau ridges at 1800 to 2500 feet ; Tantalus, Manoa, Kona-
huanui, Lanihuli, etc. (Rue family.)

Perrottetia Sandwicensis Gray — Olomea; tall shrub or small tree ;
common in the forests above an elevation of 1000 feet ; Ka-
hau-iki, Lulu-mahu, Tantalus, Manoa, Ka-au, etc. (Celas-
trus family.)

Pilo — See Coprosma.

Pilo Kea — See Platydesma.

Pipturus albidus A. Gray — Mamaki. Tall straggling shrub,
abundant above 1000 feet, on valley slopes and protected
places. Abundant in the lower forest at the head of Manoa
Valley. (Nettle family.)

Pisonia umbellifera (Forst.) Seem; Papala Kepau; a small tree,
abundant in the lower forest zone, on slopes and ridges.
Gregarious in such places as Tantalus, Lulu-mahu, Ohu-ohi,
and Hillebrand's Glen. (Four O'clock family.)

Pittosporum glabrum Hook. & Arn. — Hoawa; small tree, quite
common on Konahuanui, Lanihuli, Olympus, and at the
heads of Pauoa, Manoa, Palolo, Waialae, etc., at an eleva-
tion of 1800-2200 feet. (Pittosporum family.)

Pittosporum Spathulatum Mann — Hoawa; shrub or small tree;
abundant in the upper rain forests of the Koolau range ; plen-
tiful on" Lanihuli, Konahuanui, Olympus. (Pittosporum
family.)

Platydesma campanulatum Mann, — Pilo Kea; shrub or small
tree; abundant throughout the Koolau rain forest; Kona-
huanui, Olympus, Lanihuli, Lulu-mahu, Hillebrand's Glen,
etc. (Rue family.)

Plectronia odorata (Forst.) F. v. M. — Ala-hee; shrub or small
tree, common and gregarious in many parts of the lower
forest zone, up to 1800 feet; Waialae, Manoa, Nuuanu, Ka-
lihi, Kalaniki. (Madder family.)

33

Pritchardia Martii H. Wendl.— Loulu hitva; a native fan palm;
occurs solitary and in clumps on windward palis, near the
main ridge, and at the heads of valleys. (Palm family.)

Psychotria hexandra Mann — small tree, occurring scatteringly
throughout the Koolau rain forest ; Olympus, upper Manoa,
Konahuanui, Lanihuli, etc. (Madder family.)

Pterotropia gymnocarpa Hbd. — Ohe-ohe ; small to medium tree;
throughout the rain forest along the main ridge ; Konahua-
nui, Lanihuli, Olympus, etc. (Aralie family.)

Pua — See Osmanthus?

Pua-ha-nui — See Broussaisia.

Pu-Keawc — See Stylphelia.

Rauwolfia Sandwicensis A. DC. — Hao; medium shrub or small
tree; in drier parts of the forest at 1800-2200 feet. Kalihi,
Ka-hau-iki, Tantalus, Waialae. (Dogbane family.)

Sandalwood — See Santalum.

Sandalwood — Bastard — See Myoporum.

Santalum ellipticum Gaud. — Iliahi — Elliptic-leaved Sandalwood;
a small tree; plentiful in the lower forest zone of Waialae,
Palolo, Pauoa, and Hillebrand's Glen. (Sandalwood family.)

Scaevola Chamissoniana Gaud. — Naupaka; large shrub or small
tree, abundant in the lower and middle forests throughout
the Koolau Range. (Goodenia family.)

Sideroxylon Sandwicense (Gray) Benth. & Hook. — Alaa; small
to large tree; Hillebrand's Glen, Lulu-mahu, upper Pauoa,
upper Manoa, Palolo, etc. (Sapota family.)

Straussia Fauriei Levi. — Kopiko; shrub, occurring here and there
on exposed ridges and summit peaks; Konahuanui, Lani-
huli, etc.

Straussia Kaduana (Cham. & Schlecht) Gray. — Kopiko Kea;
small tree ; common in the rain forest ; Pauoa, Lulimahu and
Hillebrand's Glen, etc. (Madder family.)

Styphelia tamieamiea F, Muell. — Pukeawe; a small or medium
shrub, growing on exposed ridges, common; gregarious;
Olympus trail, Woodlawn ridges, Tantalus, Lanihuli, etc.
(Epacris family.)

Suttonia lessertiana (A. DC.) Mez. — Kolea; medium shrub to
large tree ; common in the rain forest above 2000 feet ; Wai-
alae, Palolo, Tantalus region, Kalihi, Kahauiki, etc. (Myr-
sine family.)

Suttonia Sandwicensis (A. DC.) Mez. — Kolea lau-lii; shrub,
plentiful throughout the rain forest, above 2500 feet ; Lani-
huli, Konahuanui, Olympus, etc.

Tetraplasandra meindra (Hillebr.) Harms; small to medium
tree ; in hanging valleys and on upper slopes of main ridge ;
Lulu-mahu, Konahuanui, Palolo, etc.

Tetraplasandra Oahuensis (Gray) Harms — Ohe mauka; a small
tree, not abundant, solitary; occurs in Pauoa, Nuuanu, Ka-
lihi, arid on Lanihuli and Konahuanui. (Aralia family.)

34

Tree fern — See Cibotium.

Tree-thistle, Hawaiian — See Hesperomannia.

Urera Sandwicensis Wedd. — Opuhe; tall shrub or small tree;
fairly common ; growing on valley slopes. Frequent in Hille-
brand's Glen. (Nettle family.)

Wala-hee — See Plestronia.

Wa-nini — See Eurya.

Wikstroemia Oahuensis (Gray) Rock — Akia; small shrub or
small tree, occurring from the lower edge of the forest up
to the summit peaks; Waialae, Pal(51o, Konahuanui, Ka-
hau-iki, etc. (Mezereum family.)

Xylosma Hawaiiense Seem. — Maua; shrub to small tree; fairly
common in the rain forest, at 1800-2200 feet elevation ; upper
Nuuanu, Pauoa, Manoa, etc. (Flacourtia family.)

Zanthoxylum Oahuense Hbd. — Ae or He-ae; a small tree, occur-
ring here and there alone or in small clumps along the upper
ridges of the Koolaus. There are several clumps on the
summit of Konahuanui, also on Lanihuli. (Rue family.)

Hawaiian Gazette 60.

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thing needed by the small or large farmer, from the
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also Jhave a good assortment of Hand, Bucket or Barrel
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f OFFICERS AND STAFF OF THE BOARD OF COMMIS-

I SIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY.

i

j (1916)

; COMMISSI0NER&

i Arthur H. Rice, President

! Walter M. Giffard J. M. Dowsett

1 H. M. von Holt

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

] Charles S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry and Chief Fire Warden; also

I Executive Officer of Board,

; David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman.

| Joseph F. Rock, Consulting Botanist.

. Bro. Matthias Newell, in charge of Sub-Nursery at Kilo, Hawaii.

! Walter D. McBryde, in charge of Sub-Nursery at Homestead, Kauai.

j David Kapihe, Forest Banger for Tantalus.

E. H. Hippie, Forest Banger for Palolo, Manoa, and Nuuanu.
■ John Pililaau, Forest Banger for Waianae.

Kaina D. Lovell, Forest Banger for Kauai.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Edward M. Ehrhorn, Superintendent of Entomology and Chief Plant In-
spector.
D. B. Kuhns, Assistant Plant Inspector.
| David T. Fullaway, Field Entomologist.

Bro. M. Newell, Fruit and Plant Inspector, Hilo, Hawaii.

E. E. Madden,

E. R. Bivens,

W. D. McBryde, 1 Honorary Plant

Dr. W. B. Deas, f Inspector at

Capt. C. F. Turner,

G. C. Munro,

Mahukona, Hawaii
Kahului, Maui.
Koloa, Kauai.
Hana, Maui,
Kaanapali, Maui.
Manele, Lanai.

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

Victor A. Norgaard, Superintendent of Animal Industry and Territorial

Veterinarian.
L. N. Case, Assistant Territorial Veterinarian.
H. B. Elliot, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Hawaii.
J. C. Fitzgerald, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Maui.
A. R. Glaisyer, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Kauai.

DIVISION OF HYDROGRAPHY.

G. K. Larrison, Superintendent of Hydrography.

R. C. Rice, Office Engineer.

H. A. R. Austin, Junior Engineer.

C. T. Bailey, Assistant Engineer.
R. D. Klise, Assistant Engineer.
W. V. Hardy, Assistant Engineer.

D. E. Horner, Field Assistant.
J. Kaheaku, Computer.

E. E. Goo, Cleric.

CLERICAL STAFF.

Mrs. C. L. Seybolt, Clerk and Stenographer.
Mrs. E. U. Kuhns, Librarian and Stenographer.
Daniel Logan, Editor of the Forester.

Board of Agriculture and Forestry

PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION.

The Board of Commissioners issues for general distribution to per-
sons in the Territory, annual reports, bulletins, circulars, copies of iti
rules and regulations, and other occasional papers, which may be had,
free, upon application.

A complete list of the publications of the Board available for dis-
tribution (together with the titles of certain issues now out of print)
if to be found on the cover of the last biennial report.

Applications for publications should be addressed to the Mailing
Clerk, P. O. Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii

DIVISION OF HYDROGRAPHY.

Rooms 17-22 Kapiolani Bldg. Tel. No. 3662.

The Division of Hydrography has on hand free publications relative
to the water resources of the Hawaiian Islands. These publications
furnish detailed data as to daily, monthly, mean, maximum, and minimum
run-off of streams and ditches, and also cuts and maps pertaining to the
different islands. These publications will be mailed free of charge on request.

The records and maps of this division are available for inspection
by any one who desires information relative to water resources, topo-
graphy, etc. Blue print copies of hydrographic data relative to any
stream, ditch, spring, etc., which may be under observation by this
avuion will be mailed free of charge on request.

G. K. LARRISON,
Superintendent of Hydrography.

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