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Vol. XIII.

FEBRUARY, 1916

No. 2

Price, 10c. Per Copy; Per Annum, $1.00; Foreign, $1.25.

THE

Hawaiian forester

AND

Agriculturist

A MONTHLY MAGAZINE
OF N

Forestry, Entomology, Animal Indus-
try, Hydrography and Agriculture

ISSUED UNDER THE DIRECTION

OF THE

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE

AND FORESTRY.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.
Entered a« second-class matter at the Post office, at Honolulu, Hawaii.

ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS "^O

DANIEL LOGAN,

EDITOR "THE FORESTER,"

P. O. BOX 366,

HONOLULU, H.T.

For business relating to advertising or subscriptions, address

Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., Publishers, /
217 S. King St., Honolulu, Hawaii.

ea

THE l!?;:VD?!TY OF MICKIGA!: L!3?;A3iF.$

TABLE OF CONTENTS-

page

Editorial Comments 37

Division of Animal Industry 38

Division of Entomology 43

Division of Forestry 46

Forest Conditions Along Volcano Road 49

Arbor Day Report 52

Division of Hydrography 53

Board Appointments 55

Koa Suitable for Artificial Reforestation (Judd) 56

A Sidelight on the Maui Forest Trouble (Judd) 56

Fighting Rabies in Far West 58

By Authority 59

Illustration (accompanying article on "Koa") 57

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREE SEED AND SEEDLINGS FOR
SALE AT THE GOVERNMENT NURSERY.

The Division of Forestry keeps constantly on hand at the Govern-
ment Nursery, seed and seedlings of the important native and introduced
trees. These are soil at prices just covering the cost of collection or
growing.

The list includes "loth forest and ornan ental trees, such as Silk Oak,
Koa, various species if Eucalyptus, Golden and Pink Showers, Pride of
Indii, Poinciana, Al \i-zii,, etc. The prici of the seed varies from 10
to 50 cents per ounce. The seedlings may be had for 2*£ cents each,
except a few kinds which are 5 cents. Seed of the various palms is also
for sale; the price per 100 varying from $1.00 to $2.50. All seed is tested
before being sent out, which insures its being good.

All communications in regard to seed or trees should be addressed to
David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman, Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii.

C. S. JUDD,
Superintendent of Forestry.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

To give information about insects free of charge is one of the duties
of this Division, and Hawaiian readers are hereby invited to make in-
quiry in person and by mail. In order to be able to advise intelligently
or send the right kind of useful insects for relief, we like and sometimes
it is indispensable for us to see the insects suspected or caught in the act,
also specimens of the injury. In a tin with a hole or two, or a wooden
box specimens may be mailed by parcels post. When specimens are
not accompanied by letter always write your name and address in the
upper left-hand corner of the package. Address all communications
SUPERINTENDENT DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, P. O. BOX 207
TONOLULU, HAWAII.

EDW. M. EHRHORN,
Superintendent of Entomology.

THE JHAWAIIAN

FORESTER I AGRICULTURIST

Vol. XIII. FEBRUARY, 1916. No. 2

EDITORIAL COMMENTS.

Action on the resolution introduced at the annual meeting of
the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association in December by Hon.
L. A. Thurston, chairman of the committee on forestry, should
furnish tree planters in the Territory with much valuable data
on the proper kinds of trees to plant for water conservation, for
the prevention of sand and dust drifting, and for the production
of firewood, timber, posts, ties, poles, etc. The information con-
cerning the different values of a great number of trees, contrib-
uted by Messrs. David Forbes, L. von Tempsky and C. S. Judd,
and printed in the annual report of this committee for 1915, is a
good beginning in this study which will further the cause of
economic forestry in Hawaii.

The seven-acre experimental eucalyptus plantation, started in
Nuuanu valley in 1911 in cooperation with the U. S. forest ser-
vice, is growing nicely and already promises to show up the
comparative values of the eighteen new species of eucalyptus
for planting in these islands. In order to make the experiment
permanent, the boundaries of each plot of trees, which range
from one-third to one-half acre in size, have recently been marked
by the Territorial forester with iron pipes and brass tags.

The wonderful success obtained by the newly-adopted cure for
sorehead or chicken pox, administered by the Territorial veteri-
narian to the infected flock of imported black minorca chickens
belonging to Mr. H. F. Fisher at Olaa, Hawaii, and to the flock
of young sick turkeys of Miss Ladd in Honolulu, should be a
great encouragement to poultry raisers whose flocks have suf-
fered from this disease in the past.

Bulbs from Holland, orchids from New Jersey and Australia,
wax palms from Singapore, chrysanthemums and peach blos-
soms from Japan, and ginseng roots from Korea were among
the interesting importations which Chief Plant Inspector Ehr-
horn examined for injurious insects during November.

The stock-proof fence around the koa grove at 29 Miles on
the Volcano, road, Hawaii, which was completed in December,

v 7^t-

38

will insure the preservation of this interesting territorial forest
reserve. One of the largest koa trees in the islands, within this
reserve, is among the incidental points of interest viewed by-
visitors to the volcano of Kilauea.

The 31 inches of rain which fell iir tipper Nuuanu during
November was the heaviest monthly rainfall recorded since the
rain gauge was established tit 1911, and assures Honolulu of a
sufficient water supply for some months to come.

The reappearance of hog cholera on Oahu in- November con-
firms the wisdom of the Board in passing, several years ago,"
Rule VII of the Division' of Animal Industry which forbids the
shipment of hogs from Oahu piggeries to any of the other
islands.

The idea that there is a* considerable amount of accessible awa
root growing in the fdTest reserves is rapidly being dispelled.
The holder of peftmts for gathering awa root in the Puna and
Hamakua Pali forest reserves on Hawaii is having a hard time
in locating' much, if any, of this commodity.

Each of the 1350 school children who called at the government
nursery on Arbor Day and took away a tree for planting, should
have been impressed with the lesson of the value of trees at
least for ornamental purposes.

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

Honolulu, December 30, 1915.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.

Gentlemen: — I respectfully submit as follows my report for
the Division of Animal Industry for the month of November,
1915:

Hog Cholera.

This disease has again made its appearance in Honolulu and
vicinity, beginning in Kalihi in a small piggery, where the disease
has never been known before. From there it spread to Wahiawa,
by the transfer of infected pigs, and a number of animals were
lost. By the prompt application of serum the Wahiawa outbreak
was checked, but, without any traceable means of transmission,
the disease appeared in a large piggery in Kuliouou and in a
smaller one at Puuloa. As the available serum supply became
exhausted a number of hogs were lost at Puuloa, even though
most of the animals had previously been serum treated. The
same applies to the Kuliouou outbreak, where serum fortunately
was on hand and serious losses were prevented by prompt appli-

39

cation. There, for the first time, the double or serum-virus
treatment was tried, one of the sickest pigs being bled by cut-
ting off the tail, and the blood injected simultaneously with the
serum. Every precaution was taken to prevent the further
spread of the disease, and it may be said that at the present writ-
ing the outbreak is under complete control. A large supply of
serum was cabled for and arrived in record time, and the total
losses of hogs were undoubtedly limited to less than ten per cent
of what they would have been if the serum treatment had not
been known.

The source of infection remains unknown. No hogs were im-
ported from abroad and no herds were known to be infected
at the time. The outbreak must, therefore, be ascribed to either
a recrudescence of dormant virus on the respective premises
where the disease appeared, or to so-called "carriers."

The simultaneous appearance of chicken cholera, a disease of
poultry almost identical with hog cholera and by some authors
considered even transmissible from hogs to poultry and vice
versa, speaks for the recrudescence theory. This disease, chicken
cholera, appeared among a shipment of muscovy ducks from
Mokapu and consigned to the territorial marketing division.
Prompt treatment with intestinal disinfectants — sulphate of iron
— and thorough disinfection in connection with the segregation
of the infected and exposed birds, seems to have effectively
checked the outbreak by this time.

Sore-head or Chicken Pox.

The statement in my September report to the effect that sore-
head in poultry could be successfully treated by means of a
vaccine made from the crusts or cores removed from the heads
of affected birds appeared to have been welcome to a number of
chicken raisers. Mr. H. F. Fisher of Olaa, Hawaii, responded
immediately by sending a small bottle full of such crusts removed
from the combs and wattles of more than 200 imported black
minorcas. Sore-head, or chicken pox, had made its appearance
among these fine birds with disastrous results, nearly one-third
having died at the time the information reached him that the
disease could be treated successfully.

When the material forwarded was received, the vaccine was
immediately prepared and, with the Board's approval, the writer
left the following day for Hilo in order to make personal observa-
tions on the effect of the treatment.

As stated nearly one-third of more than 300 head of black
minorcas had already died, and very few of the remaining birds
were unaffected when the writer arrived with the vaccine.

As a special paper is being prepared on this subject, it is un-
necessary here to go into detail about the preparation and appli-
cation of the vaccine. Suffice it to say that upon the writer's

40

arrival practically all of the birds were more or less affected, and
a dozen or so were in a moribund condition. All the birds
were injected and the local lesions treated with tincture, of iodine,
the injection being repeated on the fifth day. Marked improve-
ment was noticed as early as the second day after the first in-
jection and complete recovery resulted in the course of one to
two weeks in practically every case, even four of the dying ones
making a complete though slower recovery. There was but slight
constitutional reaction to the treatment, some of the birds being
temporarily dejected and a few developing diarrhea which was
easily checked by means of sulphate of iron in the drinking
water.

Without question the treatment in this case proved an unquali-
fied success, some of the recoveries being quite remarkable.

An outbreak of a far more virulent form in a flock of young
turkeys is now under treatment in Nuuanu valley in Honolulu.
The vaccine treatment was applied without delay and it may
safely be said that without it there would not be a turkey left
alive today in the infected flock. As it is, only one bird has been
lost so far, and nearly all the remaining ones are well on the way
to recovery. The bird that died became blind in both eyes, from
the tumors invading the eye sockets, and probably starved to
death from being unable to find its food. It was very weak at
the time of the first treatment, but, though the eyelids were af-
fected, it was not expected that the lesions would so rapidly in-
vade the sockets as to completely destroy the eyesight. Conse-
quently no instructions were left with the caretaker in regard to
special care of the bird, and it was lost.

A number of the remaining ones are, however, encouraging
illustrations of the most marvellous effectiveness of this modern
similia similibus treatment which, as stated, consists in the injec-
tion, hypodermically, of a solution made from the crusts of the
sores that form on the heads of the affected birds. This solution,
which would cause a fatal attack of the disease in a healthy bird
in a few days after injection, if used in its original strength, is
attenuated by heating for one hour to a temperature of 137° F.
The heating so reduces the virulence of the infection that its in-
troduction into a healthy bird produces a hardly noticeable attack
of the disease, but one which confers permanent immunity
against future attacks. At the same time, but for less obvious
reasons, it seems to have a strong curative effect on already
affected birds.

While but few opportunities have so far presented themselves
for experimentation, the fact has been established that birds so
badly affected that further treatment seemed useless, have, after
the first injection, entered upon a straight road to recovery that
is almost unbelievable, and, while sore-head or chicken pox may
seem an insignificant disease and of small economic importance,
th£ bverwhelming significance of these recoveries, as a promise

41

of success in the application of this method to other diseases,
should not be lost sight of. The importance of this so-called
"autogenous" treatment was first brought out two or three years
ago when it was heralded as a "cure-all," and naturally soon be-
came discredited. Pneumonia^ gonorrhea, pyemia and numerous
other specific or non-specific infective diseases were reported cur-
ed after but one or two successful experiments with the applica-
tion of either heated or filtered virus or virulent discharges, but
the unreported, unsuccessful cases soon became numerous enough
to assert themselves. In veterinary medicine, however, where
herds or flocks rather than the individual were experimented
with, the method continued and gained in favor, and the sore-
head or chicken pox vaccine is the first staple result of these ex-
periments and one which promises new life to the poultry indus-
try. The publicity given to the Hawaii experiment has brought
forward the fact that numerous people have quit the raising or
even keeping of poultry solely on account of this disease, and that
they would willingly take it up again if there was any way of
protecting their birds against sore-head. It is, therefore, to be
hoped that the experiment now under way will prove successful,
as the disease we are now dealing with is of the most virulent
type and the birds, young turkeys, are recognized as the most
delicate and difficult birds to raise, and if a satisfactory per-
centage of the flock can be saved and the method of treatment
simplified to a point where any intelligent individual can prepare
and apply it, a special circular will be prepared, setting forth the
essentials of the method, and distributed among present and pros-
pective poultry raisers.

Respectfully submitted,

Victor A. Norgaard,

Territorial Veterinarian.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT VETERINARIAN.

Honolulu, Dec. 17, 1915.

Dr. Victor A. Norgaard,

Chief of Division of Animal Industry.

Sir: — I beg to submit the following report for the month of
November, 1915:

Tuberculosis Control.

The following dairy cattle received the tuberculin test :

42

Tested Passed Condemned

F.S.Lyman 34 34

Boys' Industrial School 48 48

Aubrey Hotel 1 1

Laie Plantation 27 24 3

J. F. Borres 11 10 1

Y. Ozawa 9 9

Dr. Straub 27 27

J. H. Cummings 1 1

A total of 158 head of dairy cattle were tested during the*
month, out of which number 154 were passed and tagged and 4
condemned and branded. One of the above condemned cows
has already been slaughtered.

Post-mortem examination was made at one of the local abat-
toirs on five cows recently condemned in one of the local dairies.
All presented lesions of tuberculosis.

Following your suggestion to ascertain the effect, if any, of a
subcutaneous injection of tuberculin on the intradermal method
of testing, an experiment was started, the results of which are
as follows:

In this experiment nine cows were used. These cows had been
condenmed in one of the local dairies on October 8, and had been
kept segregated ever since. These cows were first given the regu-
lar subcutaneous injection of 2 cc. of tuberculin followed by an
intradermal injection into the lower eyelid of four drops of
special tuberculin.

An examination was made 24 hours after the injection and
every animal was showing a distinct reaction to the intradermal
test. Forty-eight hours after injection the swelling was still per-
sistent in six, but much reduced in size, and had entirely dis-
appeared in three. Seventy-two hours after injection all local re-
actions had disappeared. Three of the above animals showed a
marked constitutional reaction twenty-four hours after receiving
the double injection.

While the above experiment is far too small for formulating
any definite conclusions, still the results seem to indicate that a
subcutaneous injection of tuberculin does not in any way obscure
the local reaction to the intradermal test, but tends to hasten its
appearance.

Importations of Live Stock.

S. S. Manoa, San Francisco: 1 Berkshire boar, Cornwell
Ranch; 2 Shropshire rams, K. S. Kahului; 23 cts. poultry.

S. S. Hyades, Seattle: 2 Hampshire hogs, 2 Berkshire hogs,
Maui Agricultural Co.

S. S. Matsonia, San Francisco: 1 ct. doves, 2 cts. pigeons, 4
cts. chickens, 1 dog, Wells Fargo Express Co. ; 32 cts. poultry.

43

S. S. Lurline, San Francisco: 3 horses, U. P. Transfer Co.;
1 ct. monkey, Wells Fargo Ex. Co.; 1 bull (Durham), W. E.
Bellina ; 28 cts. poultry.

S. S. Sonoma, San Francisco: 1 dog, E. C. Zitkowski; 1 dog,
S. Ozaki ; 1 turkey, J. Jurgensen.

S. S. Wilhelmina, San Francisco: 3 dogs, B. F. Rivenburgh;
1 dog, O. B. Shipman ; 1 monkey, G. S. Raymond ; 36 cts. poultry.

Respectfully submitted,

Leonard N. Case,
Assistant Territorial Veterinarian. .

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Honolulu, December 10, 1915.
Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.

Gentlemen : — I respectfully submit my report of the work per-
formed by the Division of Entomology for the month of Novem-
ber, 1915, as follows:

During the month 37 vessels arrived at the port of Hono-
lulu, of which 18 carried vegetable matter and one vessel mould-
ing sand. Owing to the blockade of the Panama canal only one
vessel passed through the same for this port.

Disposal Lots Parcels

Passed as free from pests 1398 37,941

Fumigated 23 39

Burned 56 57

Returned 4 6

Total inspected 1481 38,043

Of these shipments 37,619 packages arrived as freight, 195
packages as mail matter and 229 packages as baggage of passen-
gers and immigrants.

Rice and Bean Shipments.

During the month 21,993 bags of Japanese rice and 1949 bags
of Japanese beans arrived by various steamers, all of which
were found free from pests and were passed for entry.

Pests Intercepted.

Thirty-five packages of fruit and 14 packages of vegetables
were taken from passengers and immigrants coming from for-
eign countries and were destroyed by burning.

44

One lot of ornamental plants arriving on November 1 was
found infested with scale (Phonacaspis eugeniae) and the lot
was fumigated before delivery.

One box of bulbs from Holland was found infested with ants
(Pronolepis longicornis) and was fumigated with carbon bisul-
phide before delivery.

One box of orchids from New Jersey, arriving on November
10, was fumigated, as a few plants were found infested with
two common orchid scale insects (Diaspis bois duvalii and Aspi-
diotus Cyanophyllis).

On November 17 a package of peas from Japan infested with
Bruchus chinensis was fumigated with carbon bisulphide. Three
cases of plants arrived from Singapore on November 29 con-
sisting of two cases wax palms and I case Mussaenda erythro-
phyllis which were fumigated and all soil removed from the
roots. In the soil were found two species of ants (prenolepis and
M onomorium) , the grubs of an Elaterid beetle, several cock-
roaches (Leucophala surinamensis) and several millipeds. On
the Mussaenda plants was found a mealy bug (Pseudococcus spe-
cies close to P. citri). All plants were repotted in sterilized soil
so as not to suffer from our treatment. A package of cut flowers
consisting of chrysanthemums and peach blossoms brought by a
Japanese passenger on November 29 was destroyed.

The chrysanthemums were infested by a fungus forming swell-
ings on the stems. Thel peach twigs were infested by the white
peach scale (Aulacaspis pentagona). There was also a cluster
of moth eggs on one twig and a small bag worm case attached
to another. A small package of chestnuts found in the baggage
of an immigrant was burnt on account of being infested with a
weevil, probably a Balanimus species.

One package of ginseng roots from Korea, two orchids from
Australia and a package of eucalyptus seed from China were
refused entry into the Territory under rulings of the federal
horticultural board.

One box of beneficial insects arrived on November 6 from Mr.
F. Muir in my care. This was thoroughly inspected at the
Planters' station and all soil and packing were destroyed by
burning.

Beneficial Insects.

During the month of November the following parasites of
fruit flies have been bred :

Tetrastichus giffardii 16,500

Diachasma f ullawayi ..." 925

Diachasma tryoni 639

Total bred • 18,064

45

Including the usual number of parasites of the horn, house
and stable fly bred during the month, the following parasites
were liberated in various sections :

Tetrastichus giffardii 14,700

Diachasma fullawayi 867

Diachasma tryoni 613

African Spalangia ! 1,400

Philippine Spalangia 1,200

African Horn Fly 1,400

Galesus silvestrii 250

Philippine Ptoromalid 1,300

Total distributed 21,730

The breeding of the mealy bug parasite (Paraloptomastix
abnormis) has been continued, but no liberations were made.

Hilo Inspection.

During the month of November Brother Matthias Newell re-
ports the arrival of six steamers, of which five brought vege-
table matter consisting of 223 lots and 3904 packages. All these
shipments were found free from pests and were allowed to enter
the port.

Inter-Island Inspection.

During the month 64 steamers plying between Honolulu and
the other islands were attended to. The following shipments
were passed:

Taro 503 bags

Plants 282 boxes

Fruit 32 packages

Vegetables 46 packages

Total inspected and passed 863 packages

The following packages were refused shipment on account of
infestation and of having undesirable soil attached to the plants:

Plants 14 packages

Fruit 32 packages

Total refused shipment 46 packages

Respectfully submitted,

E. M. Ehrhorn,
Superintendent of Entomology.

46
DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

Honolulu, December 21, 1915.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.

Gentlemen : — I respectfully submit the following routine re-
port of the Division of Forestry for the month of November,
1915:

Forest Fencing.

The forest fence along the boundaries of the Kealia and Mo-
loaa forest reserves on Kauai at Anahola and Aliomanu is near-
ing completion and Forest Ranger Lovell reports that at the end
of November 9980 feet of the fence had been constructed.

On November 8 the agreement with Mr. A. J. W. MacKenzie
for the construction of the hog-proof fence around Section B of
the Olaa Forest Park reserve at 29 Miles on the Volcano road,
Hawaii, was executed and, on November 15, the construction
of this fence begun.

On November 30 I went over the forest fence on the makai
boundary of the Lualualei forest reserve at Waianae and found
that it was in need of repair in several places. I am arranging
for this work and as soon as the fence is once more cattle-proof
I shall have it kept so by Forest Ranger John Pililaau, who be-
gan his work in this region on December 1.

Nunanu Eucalyptus Plantation.

A previous inspection of the experimental plantation of eigh-
teen different new varieties of eucalyptus trees established by
my predecessor in Nuuanu valley with federal funds in coopera-
tion with the United States forest service, showed that many
of the smaller trees were being choked with the rank Hilo grass.
I accordingly employed a laborer for 13 days to clear the grass
from around the smaller trees so that now they will have a better
chance for growth. The plantation as a whole .is doing remark-
ably well and in a few years valuable data as to these new species
of eucalyptus will be available. Since I also found that the cor-
ner stakes of hau sticks had not sprouted in most cases, I re-
placed these with permanent y 2 -inch galvanized iron pipes, which
were placed at appropriate corners and marked with the number
of the plot stamped on brass tags.

Forest Reserve Matters.

On November 15 Forest Ranger E. H. Hippie began his work
of taking care of the Honolulu Watershed forest reserve lands in
Palolo, Manoa and Nuuanu valleys.

Mr. C. M. Hudson of Hilo reported early in the month that

47

he had as yet been unable to locate any awa root in the Puna
forest reserve, Hawaii, being hindered in his search by the heavy
rains. As you will recollect, I was authorized to issue him a
permit, on September 25, to gather two tons of awa in this
reserve during a period 6i sixty days. Mr. Hudson paid $100
for the awa. Upon the advice of the president of the Board, I
extended the time of this permit thirty days.

On November 26 I made a trip to Waimalu valley, Oahu, to
locate a small piece of government land called Waholoa in the
Ewa forest reserve.

On November 30 I visited the Waianae-kai forest reserve and
served notice on Mr. Thos. Makia to move his fence, as instructed
by the Board on November 4. On this trip I also instructed
Mr. John Pililaau as to his duties as forest ranger for the Wai-
anae district.

Cooperation With H. S. P. A.

During the latter part of the month I completed and forwarded
to Mr. L. A. Thurston, chairman of the committee on forestry
of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, a discussion of the
native and introduced trees suitable for each of the four follow-
ing purposes :

1. The conservation of water and protection of watersheds.

2. The protection of lands from destruction by wind and by
drifting sand and earth.

3. The production of firewood.

4. The production of timber.

Hilq Sub-Nursery.

In order to provide for more extensive work aft the Hilo sub-
nursery, from which a large part of the island of Hawaii is
supplied with forest trees, the monthly allowance to Bro. Matthias
Newell for the upkeep of this nursery was on November 1 in-
creased from $15.00 to $30.00.

Arbor Day.

Arbor Day was celebrated on November 19, the day proclaimed
for this purpose by Governor Pinkham, as shown in the accom-
panying special report of the forest nurseryman. The celebration
of this day was more than usually successful. In all 20,583 trees
were given out from the government nursery for planting, and
school children to the number of 1350 called at the government
nursery and each took away one tree for planting on school
grounds. At the request of the Outdoor Circle, I delivered a

48

short address on trees at the Arbor Day celebration of the Pohu-
kaina school in Kakaako.

Respectfully submitted,

C. S. Judd,
Superintendent of Forestry.

REPORT OF FOREST NURSERYMAN.

Honolulu, December 15, 1915.

Superintendent of Forestry,

Board of Agriculture and Forestry.

Dear Sir : — The following report gives the principal work done
during the month of November:

Nursery.

Distribution of Plants.

In seed In boxes Pot

boxes transplanted Grown Total

Sold , 50 162 212

Gratis . . , 2000 300 460 2760

2000 350 622 2972

Collections.

Collections on account of plants sold amounted to $ 4.50

Rent of building, nursery grounds, July, Aug., Sept., Oct. 140.00

Total $144.50

Arbor Day.

The shipping and distribution of trees for Arbor Day planting
and other work connected with Arbor Day has taken up most of
our time during the month. As will be seen by the special report,
handed to you a few days ago, the number of trees distributed for
Arbor Day was the largest we have yet had, amounting to
20,583.

Plantation Companies and Other Corporations.

The distribution of plants under this heading amounted to
12,000 in seed boxes and 600 in transplant boxes.

49

Makiki Station.

Owing to the great demand for trees during the past two
months our stock at this station, as well as at the main nursery,
is considerably reduced. Our supply of some of the species
which we try always to have in stock is entirely exhausted. For
the next few months our efforts will be directed toward the
building up of our stock again.

Honolulu Watershed Planting.

The work done during the month has been clearing away the
grass and weeds from the young trees. This work is now about
finished and we intend to commence planting again in December.

Advice and Assistance.

The writer has made calls and otherwise given advice and
assistance as follows at the request of people residing in and
around the city :

At the request of officials calls were made at Fort Kameha-
meha and Pearl Harbor.

Visits to places in the city, 9; requests for advice by telephone,
15 ; requests for advice at the nursery, 19; requests for advice by
letter, 6; total, 49.

Respectfully submitted,

David Haughs,
Forest Nurseryman.

FOREST CONDITIONS ALONG VOLCANO ROAD.

Honolulu, December 29, 1915.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry,
Honolulu, T. H.

Gentlemen : — I beg to present herewith a special report on the
forest conditions along the Volcano Road, Hawaii.

Olaa Forest Park Reserve.

This forest reserve was created on August 20, 1914, and con-
sists of three sections, A, B and C, between 20 Miles and 18
Miles on the Volcano road.

Section B.

This part of the Olaa Forest Park reserve is at 29 Miles and
contains 7.32 acres. It consists of the koa grove which was

50

reserved out of the Olaa summer lots, and is now one of the
attractions to tourists who visit the volcano, on account of the
natural grove of koa trees, which is about the only one in this
immediate vicinity, on account of the beautiful tree ferns, and in
particular on account of an immense koa tree of peculiar growth.
Under authority previously granted me by the Board, I have
had this section of the Olaa Forest Park reserve enclosed with a
Page woven-wire, 13 bar, hog-proof fence. The construction of
this fence was completed on December 9 so that now the section
is absolutely protected from all stock. The fence was satisfac-
torily constructed by the contractor, Mr. A. J. W. MacKenzie.
The total cost of the fence was $260.27, of which the Bernice P.
Bishop Estate paid $39.40 as their share of half the cost of the
fence along the Keauhou boundary.

Section A.

This part of the Olaa Forest Park reserve consists of 374
acres of a splendid ohia lehua and tree fern forest at 24 Miles.
Here is situated the most interesting native forest on the drive
from Glenwood to the volcano, and it is well worth preserving
in its natural condition. Cattle from the dairies in the region of
Glenwood are beginning to work in to the edges of this reserve,
and unless it is soon protected by fencing the forest will begin
to die back. In order to preserve this forest, therefore, it is
necessary that its boundaries be fenced immediately. The gov-
ernment surveyor has recently had the boundary lines re-run,
brushed out and flagged preparatory to the construction of a
fence. The total distance of the boundaries of the four pieces
of land in this reserve is approximately 29,641 feet or about
5.62 miles.

Attached herewith are specifications for a proposed fence
around the boundaries of Section A of the Olaa Forest Park
reserve, and, if they are acceptable to the Board, I recommend
that I be authorized to advertise for bids for the construction
of this fence and proceed with the work. The Board already has
a sufficient quantity of durable wire for this fence, and, since
the posts will be cut locally, practically the only cost will be for
the labor of cutting and setting the posts and stringing the wire.
In order to guarantee efficient work on this job, I propose to re-
quire the successful bidder to furnish a satisfactory bond with
the contract.

Section C.

This part of the Olaa Forest Park reserve consists of 56 separ-
ate pieces of land in the form of strips- 150 feet wide and from
150 feet to 2000 feet long along both sides of the Volcano road
between 18 Miles and about 23y 2 Miles. These strips were
reserved out of the Olaa lots which were sold by the government

• 51

some time ago, the idea being to preserve as a park this fringe
of forest along both sides of the main Volcano road. The idea
was good but the strips, only 150 feet wide, were too narrow to
allow the forest to maintain its integrity in opposition to the land
clearing on private property just back of these strips. The strips
themselves were not fenced to keep out cattle and owing to the
adjacent clearing and to marauding stock, the result now is that
most of these forest strips consist of dead trees with a scrubby
undergrowth of ferns and Hilo grass. This is particularly true
of the strips consisting of 41 separate pieces of land between
18 Miles and Glenwood, which is at the 22-Mile post. If the
land back of these strips on this section were government land
there would be some chance perhaps to reclaim this dead and
dying forest, but under present conditions, with the cattle from
the numerous dairies in this region wandering promiscuously
about, I see no use of going to the great expense of fencing
these 41 pieces of land containing mostly dead forests. More-
over, an application has recently been received from the land
commissioner for the release from Section C of the Olaa Forest
Park reserve of the denuded strips adjacent to 7 of the Olaa
lots situated between 18 Miles and 22 Miles, so that they can be
sold to the owners of the adjacent lots.

I wish to recommend, therefore, that the appropriate steps
be taken to eliminate from Section C of the Olaa Forest Park
reserve the 37 pieces of land consisting of strips 150 feet wide
and from 150 feet to 2000 feet long on each side of the Volcano
road between 18 Miles and 22 Miles. I suggest that the matter
of this elimination first be laid before the Hilo board of trade
before final action is taken by this Board.

Between Glenwood, at 22 Miles, and Section A of the Olaa
Forest Park reserve at 2Zy 2 Miles "the forest on the 15 strips of
reserved forest land has not been damaged to such an extent but
that it can be reclaimed by protective fencing. In my judgment
this part of Section C of the Olaa Forest Park reserve should be
retained and properly fenced as soon as the opportunity presents
itself.

In a word, it seems to me that the policy of the Board in con-
nection with the forest reserves in this region should be to fence
the reserved forests where the forest is still in a healthy con-
dition and give them absolute protection, and release for disposi-
tion by the land commissioner the reserved strips on which the
forest is dead or in such a dying condition that it cannot be
reclaimed except at an enormous cost.

Proposed New Forest Reserve at Waiakea.

While on my recent trip in this region the deputy territorial
veterinarian for Hawaii pointed out to me the forest on an old
lava flow along the Volcano road between about A l / 2 Miles and

52 •

the Puna boundary at about 7 Miles. This is the first forest of
ohia lehua, kukui and other native trees which the tourist sees
after leaving Hilo for the volcano, and it is a forest region well
worth protecting for its scenic value. The forest is in a fairly
healthy condition and where a fire swept over it some years ago
the young ohia trees are coming in, in a healthy and satisfactory
condition. The forest is situated on land which is too rocky
for any agricultural use with the possible exception of raising
awa root. There should, therefore, be no objection to including
this land in a forest reserve, subject, of course, to the expiration
of the Waiakea lease, which expires on June 1, 1918. I have
talked over this proposed forest reserve with the land commis-
sioner and he is favorable to its creation. If the Board also
looks with favor on this proposed reserve, I shall proceed to
obtain a description of it and submit a more detailed report pre-
paratory to the usual process of creating it as a forest reserve.

Respectfully submitted,

C S. Judd,
Superintendent of Forestry.

ARBOR DAY REPORT.

Honolulu, November 30, 1915.
Superintendent of Forestry, Board of Agriculture and Forestry.

Dear Sir: — I herewith submit a special report on the distri-
bution of trees for Arbor Day. The planting of trees on Arbor
Day is attracting more attention each year. The total distri-
bution of plants for Arbor Day planting this year amounted to
20,583, all of which, with very few exceptions, were pot grown
trees. For 1914 the total distribution for Arbor Day was 17,595,
the increase for 1915 being 2998. The number of trees dis-
tributed to homesteaders on Kauai and Maui is much larger this
year than last year. The total distribution to the schools is also
about 1200 more than in 1914.

The following tables show how the trees were distributed:

Distribution by Islands.

Trees

Oahu — Outside Honolulu — homesteaders and others 3,426

Military posts 1,600

Honolulu and neighborhood 4,676

School children on Arbor Day, 1 tree each 1^350

Total for Oahu 11,052

S3

Total for Hawaii 1,252

Total for Maui 3,048

Total for Kauai 3,129

Total for Molokai 68

18,549

Schools,

Oahu — Outside Honolulu 3 schools 40

Honolulu and neighborhood .... 20 " 567

Hawaii . 2 " 67

Kauai 3 " 235

Maui 13 " 1,101

Molokai 1 " 24

Total 42 " 2,034

Summary of Plants Distributed.

Oahu (including Honolulu) 11,052

Hawaii .' 1 ,252

Kauai 3,129

Maui 3,048

Molokai 68

Schools on all islands 2,034

Grand total 20,583

Respectfully submitted,

David Haughs,
Forest Nurseryman.

DIVISION OF HYDROGRAPHY.

Honolulu, December 4, 1915.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.

Gentlemen: — The following report of operations of the Divi-
sion of Hydrography during November, 1915, is submitted;

Weather Conditions.

The rainfall was excessive generally over all islands. During
the week ending November 13, the rainfall was particularly heavy
over the entire group. The Nuuanu Pali rain gauge registered
about 31 inches for the month, the heaviest monthly rainfall
recorded since the register was established in 1911. On Kauai
the streams and ditches were all above normal during the entire

54

month, but no excessive floods occurred. Large floods occurred
on Oahu, Maui and Hawaii, and on Hawaii considerable damage
was done by high winds and floods.

Special Reports.

A special report relative to the amounts diverted under each
territorial land lease and water license on East Maui, was pre-
pared and furnished the Governor of Hawaii, at his request.
The data contained therein are to be used in determining the
rentals to be assessed under these leases and licenses in the future.
Copies of this report are attached hereto.

From November 17 to 20 was spent on the island of Kauai
inspecting new construction work and gathering records and evi-
dence as to the mean daily and annual flow of ditches diverting
territorial waters from the Waimea, Anahola, Kapaa and North
Wailua rivers.

These records are now being analyzed and computed and, when
in proper form, will be incorporated in a report to the governor
to assist him and the commissioner of lands in determining the
future water values of these streams.

One copy each of the topographic maps of Kauai and Oahu
has been colored to show information relative to military reserves,
hydrographic data, homesteads, forest reserves, etc., at the re-
quest of the governor. One copy of the map of, Oahu has also
been similarly prepared for the Division of Forestry.

New Construction.

Kauai. Very little was accomplished during the month on
account of high water in the streams which prevented all excava-
tion work.

Oahu. Two new reinforced concrete weirs were established
on the upper reaches of the middle and east branches of the Ma-
laekahana streams near Kahuku. These stations will measure the
flood flow of these streams in connection with a possible billion-
gallon storage project near Kahuku. These weirs will replace
those originally established at the expense of the Kahuku planta-
tion in 1914, which were damaged by heavy floods. The planta-
tion paid about one-half of the cost of the new construction
work.

Routine Operation and Maintenance Work.

Kauai. No trail repair work was possible on account of steady
rains.

D. E. Horner and the Japanese laborer who were injured on
October 28 returned to work on November 10 and 12.

Twenty stream and ditch measurements were made and 20

55

stream and ditch measurement stations were visited. Sixteen
days were spent by Mr. Hardy and Mr. Horner on computations
and office work.

Oahu. Measurements made the latter part of the month on
the Waiahole tunnel project showed about 13 million gallons per
day flowing from the north portal, and about 6 million gallons
per day from the south portal. Twenty-eight stream and ditch
measurements at regular stations, and two miscellaneous measure-
ments were made. Three rainfall stations and 44 stream and
ditch measurement stations were visited and inspected.

Maui. But one stream measurement was made and one rain
measurement station visited. All continuous record stream
measurement stations were inspected.

Molokai and Hawaii. The usual rainfall records were re-
ceived from cooperative observers.

Very respectfully,

G. K. Larrison,
Superintendent of Hydrography.

BOARD APPOINTMENTS.

Commissions were issued by the Board of Agriculture and
Forestry during the year 1915 to the following:

January 16 — C. S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry.

April 28 — C. S. Judd, Executive Officer.

April 28 — John S. Goodell, District Fire Warden, District of
Koolau, Maui, east of Makapipi Gulch.

April 29 — Frederick Muir, Field Entomologist.

May 1 — Kaina D. Lovell, Forest Ranger, Kauai.

July 1 — David T. Fullaway, Field Entomologist in Charge of
the Expedition to India.

October 7 — Herbert T. Osborn, Field Entomologist for the
Collection of Beneficial Insects.

October 13 — Dr. H. B. Elliot, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian
for the Island of Hawaii.

November 15 — E. H. Hippie, Forest Ranger for Palolo, Ma-
noa and Nuuanu Valleys in the Honolulu Watershed Forest
Reserve.

December 1 — John Pililaau, Forest Ranger for Waianae, Oahu.

56
KOA SUITABLE FOR ARTIFICIAL REFORESTATION.

By C. S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry.

That our native koa (Acacia koa) is very suitable for artifi-
cially reforesting our denuded slopes has been proved by the
planting operations of the Division of Forestry on the Honolulu
Watershed forest reserve which were begun in November, 1913.
The accompanying illustration shows one of the koa trees which,
although slightly over two years old, is already fourteen feet
high and four inches in diameter at the base. Koa trees were
planted on the upper slopes of the Makiki valleys fifteen by
fifteen feet apart and already on Sugar Loaf the growth has
been so rapid that before very long a solid forest canopy will
be established.

On the lower slopes and in the valleys kukui trees were planted
and these too are showing up very well. Before long, all of
this part of Honolulu's source of water supply will consequently
receive better protection by this reestablished forest. Both koa
and kukui are easy to raise from seed and easily handled in
planting operations.

A SIDELIGHT ON THE MAUI FOREST TROUBLE.

By C. S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry.

The death of native trees in the Koolau forests on Maui, which
began in 1906, was ascribed by Mr. H. M. Curran primarily to
heavy winds, acting on the forest, the normal vigor of which had,
by adverse soil conditions, excessive moisture, and the opening
of the forest by grazing and ditch construction, been reduced to a
point where it was unable to withstand any further increase of
unfavorable conditions.

The trouble was determined by Dr. H. L. Lyon to be due
directly to chemically active agents in the soil which killed the
roots which penetrated the soil to a depth of two inches or more.
The trees that were thus killed were located mostly on the flat
ridges where the drainage was poor and where there was an
abundance of standing water. Every variety of tree in the
affected area succumbed to the attack.

A sidelight on this trouble comes from the other side of the
globe and is described in the Indian Forester of October, 1915.
In Northern India there has been a widespread death of the
seedlings of sal, Shorea robusta, the most extensively used timber
tree of that region. Studies made at Dehra Dun of the trouble,
which comes into operation in the rainy season, especially in the
months of July and August, have ascribed the cause to "an in-
jurious soil factor" produced by lack of sufficient oxygen for
root-respiration combined with the presence of toxic substances
in the soil which are directly poisonous to the roots. The cause

57

psr

^

•* * * ft* **tH :fc*** ***t^ « » **'*>* ** * >jH*0

1 J $*&#& ***** t 1 '"W}* * ^ V*fr** »

Two-year old koa tree on Sugar Loaf, Honolulu Watershed Forest Re-
serve. Height, 14 feet, Diam., 4 in.

58

of the former is bad drainage and the latter are probably pro-
duced as a result of the decomposition of the organic matter in
the soil.

The "injurious factor" tends to exert itself during the rains
and especially in low places where water tends to accumulate.

The cure for the trouble; suggested by the Indian study, is
soil-aeration and the removal of excessive organic matter from
the soil surface. The experiments showed that when the soil
was well drained, with less water and a larger air-space, the in-
jurious factor was practically inoperative and was gradually
neutralized by merely keeping the surface soil exposed to the air
and clear of dead sal leaves.

The diagnosis of the Maui trouble by Mr. Lyon and his pre-
scribed remedy, soil drainage, are so similar to those relating
to the trouble in India that it would appear that the cause of the
trouble is significantly the same.

FIGHTING RABIES IN FAR WEST.

(The following article, furnished by the U. S. forest service,
was received just too late to be printed, in connection with the
editorial reference to precautions against rabies here, in the
January number. Under date of January 14 a San Francisco
despatch reports the danger from coyotes infected with rabies
as having become acute in California, with the beasts attacking
farmers and school children, and schools having to be closed,
in counties bordering upon Oregon and Nevada.)

The Department of Agriculture is taking action, through the
biological survey and the forest service, to combat a serious wave
of rabies infection of wild and domestic animals that is in danger
of becoming widespread in the far West. The fact that the
extensive dissemination of the disease is taking place through the
agency of coyotes makes the situation a difficult one to meet.

Outbreaks of rabies among coyotes have been noted from
time to time for several years in parts of Washington, Oregon
and northern Idaho, and the forest service undertook last year to
aid in bringing the disease under control by employing hunters
to make war on coyotes in the national forests of some infected
localities. Since, however, the coyotes breed in the foothills and
around the outskirts of the forests, a more comprehensive cam-
paign is called for.

The eradication of coyotes in sparsely settled or rough coun-
try is said to be an exceedingly difficult task. Inasmuch as these
\ animals are always a source of considerable losses to the live-
stock industry of the West, Congress last year provided a special
fund of $125,000 to be spent by the biological survey for the
eradication of predatory animals both in the national forests and
on the public domain, and from this fund a special allotment has
now been made to provide for righting the rabies.

59

The disease first appeared in parts of eastern Oregon and
Washington and northern Idaho, in a region surrounded by nat-
ural barriers which tended to confine the outbreak. Domestic
animals and human beings were bitten, and a good deal of alarm
was manifested by residents of the infected districts, many of
whom feared for the safety of their children on the roads to and
from school. The disease is now reported as having extended
into northern Nevada and northern California, whence it may
easily be carried far.

The forest service, the biological survey and the state board
of health are working together to meet the situation in Califor-
nia. Modoc and Lassen counties have been put under quarantine
by the state board, which has appointed forest rangers inspec-
tors in Modoc county. Funds have been provided by the biologi-
cal survey for the employment of additional men and the pur-
chase of traps and poison. The public will be enlisted in the
campaign, which will be led by the biological survey officials and
the forest rangers.

BY AUTHORITY.

BIDS FOB FOREST FENCING.

Sealed bids marked outside < i Bids for Forest Fencing, Olaa, Hawaii, ' '
and addressed to the Superintendent of Forestry, P. O. Box 207, Hono-
lulu, Hawaii, for the construction of a stock-proof fence around Section
A of the Olaa Forest Park Reserve at 24 Miles on the Volcano Road,
Puna, Hawaii, will be received up to and including January 29, 1916.
Bids to be submitted in a lump sum for the job as a whole, and to be
accompanied by a certified check, payable to the undersigned, for a
sum equal to 5 per cent of the amount bid. The right is reserved to
reject any or all bids. Specifications may be obtained on application
from the undersigned.

C. S. JUDD,
Superintendent of Forestry, and Executive Officer,
Board of Agriculture and Forestry.
Honolulu, Hawaii, January 7, 1916.

TERRITORY OF HAWAII

BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

DIVISION OF FORESTRY

INFORMATION CONCERNING PBOPOSED FENCING OF THE OLAA
FOREST PARK RESERVE, SECTION A, PUNA, HAW An.

Bids marked outside "Bids for Forest Fencing, Olaa, Hawaii," and
addressed to the Superintendent of Forestry, P. O. Box 207, Honolulu,
Hawaii, will be received for the construction of a stock-proof fence
around this reserve, up to and including January 29, 1916.

The total length of the fence, which is to be stock-proof and con-
structed according to the attached specifications, is 29,641 feet, more or
less.

The location of this proposed fence is shown by the yellow lines on
the enclosed blue print map. The location of this fence on the ground
has recently been surveyed and the lines brushed out and distinctly
flagged.

60

Bids should be submitted in a lump sum for the work as a whole.
Bids must be accompanied by a certified check for a sum equal to 5 per
cent, of the amount bid,, payable at sight to the undersigned.
The right to reject any or all bids is reserved.

The successful bidder will be required to furnish with the contract a
satisfactory bond in an amount equal to 25 per cent, of the accepted bid.

C. S. JUDD,
Superintendent of Forestry, and Executive Officer,
Board of Agriculture and Forestry.
Honolulu, Hawaii, January 7, 1916.

60 YEARS'

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Scientific American.

A handsomely Illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
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MUNN fcCo. 36 "*""'""' New York

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thing needed by the ^mall or large farmer, from the
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also have a good assortment of Hand, Bucket or Barrel
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farm or garden, is most complete and our stock large.

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Hawaiian Gazette 60.

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PUBLISHERS.

Honolulu, T. H.

OFFICERS AND STAFF. OF THE BOARD OF COMMIS-
SIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY.

(1916)
COMMISSIONERS.

Arthur. H. Rice, President
Walter M. Giffard J. M. Dowsett

H. M. von Holt

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

Charles S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry and Chief Fire Warden; also

, Executive Officer of Board,
David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman.
Joseph F. Rock, Consulting Botanist.

Bro. Matthias Newell, in charge of Sub-Nursery at Hilo, Hawaii,
Walter D. McBryde, in charge of Sub -Nursery at Homestead, Kauai,
David Kapihe, Forest Manger for Tantalus.
E. H. Hippie, Forest Banger for Palolo, Manoa, and Nuuanu.
John Pililaau, Forest Banger for Waianae.
Kaina D. Lovell, Forest Banger for Kauai.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Edward M'. Ehrhorn, Superintendent of Entomology and Chief Plant In-
spector.
D. B. Kuhns, Assistant Plant Inspector,
David T. Fullaway, Field Entomologist.
Bro. M. Newell, Fruit and Plant Inspector, Hilo, Hawaii.

E. E. Madden,

E. R. Bivens,

W. D. McBryde, I Honorary Plant

Dr. W. B. Deas, f Inspector at

Capt. C. F. Turner,

" M ahukona, Hawaii
Kahului, Maui.
Koloa, Kauai.
Hana, Maui.
Kaanapali, Maui,
Manele, Lanai.

G. C. Munro,

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

Victor A. Norgaard, Superintendent of Animal Industry and Territorial

Veterinarian,
L. N. Case, Assistant Territorial Veterinarian.
H. B. Elliot, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Hawaii.
J. C. Fitzgerald, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Maui,
A. B. Glaisyer, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Kauai.

DIVISION OF HYDROGRAPHY.

G. K. Larrison, Superintendent of Hydrography.

R. C. Rice, Office Engineer.

H. A. R. Austin, Junior Engineer.

C. T. Bailey, Assistant Engineer,
R. D. Klise, Assistant Engineer.
W. V. Hardy, Assistant Engineer.

D. E. Horner, Field Assistant.
J. Kaheaku, Computer.

E. E. Goo, Clerk.

CLERICAL STAFF.

Mrs. C. L. Seybolt, Cleric and Stenographer.
Mrs. E. IT. Kuhns, Librarian and Stenographer.
Daniel Logan, Editor of the Forester.

Board of Agriculture and Forestry

PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION.

The Board of Commissioners issues for general distribution to per-
sons in the Territory, annual reports, bulletins, circulars, copies of its
rules and regulations, and other occasional papers, which may be had,
free, upon application.

1 A complete list of the publications of the Board available for dis-
tribution (together with the titles of certain issues now out of print)
is to be found on the cover of the last biennial report.

Applications for publications should be addressed to the Mailing
Clerk, P. O. Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii.

DIVISION OF HYDROGRAPHY.

Rooms 17-22 Kapiolani Bldg. Tel. No. 3662.

The Division of Hydrography has on hand free publications relative
to the water resources of the Hawaiian Islands. These publications
furnish detailed data as to daily, monthly, mean, maximum, and minimum
run-off of streams and ditches, and also cuts and maps pertaining to the
different islands. These publications will be mailed free of charge on request.

The records and maps of this division are available for inspection
by any one who desires information relative to water resources, topo-
graphy, etc. Blue print copies of hydrogTaphic data relative to any
stream, ditch, spring, etc., which may be under observation by this
smiion will be mailed free of charge on request.

G. K. LAERISON,
Superintendent of Hydrography.