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Vol. VIII.

JULY, 1911

No. 7

Price, 10c. Per Copy; Per Annum, $1.00; Foreign, $1.25.

,^@

THE

Hawaiian forester

AND

%

Agriculturist

A MONTHLY MAGAZINE
OF

Forestry, Entomology and Agriculture

ISSUED UNDER THE DIRECTION
OF THE

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE
AND FORESTRY.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.
Entered as second-class matter at the Post office, at Honolulu, Hawafi.

ADDRESS ALL OO M M U N I O AT I O N S TO

DANIEL LOGAN,
EDITOR "THE FORESTER,"

P. O. BOX 366,
HONOLULU, H.T.

For business relating to advertising or subscriptions, address

Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., Publishers,
von Holt Block, 65 S. King St,, Honolulu Hawaii.

--K

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. LIBRARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Editorial 195

The Extension Work of the College of Hawaii (MacCaughey) . 197
The Great Coffee Corner (McChesney) . . .206

Unrecorded Specimens of Two Rare Hawaiian Birds . . . 211

Work of the Department of Agriculture on Bee Diseases . . 213

Division of Forestry . . . , . . 214

Division of Entomology ...... 218

Forest Fire Wardens ....... 220

Forestry in Our Country Schools ..... 220

Weed Destruction in the Philippines . . . . . 221

Resistance of Plants to Wind— A Cotton Pest ... 222

Bracer for Rubber ....... 223

Puna Forest Reserve . ... . 223

Proclamation (Puna Forest Reserve) ..... 224

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREE SEED AND SEEDLINGS FOR
SALE AT THE GOVERNMENT NURSERY.

The Division of Forestry keeps constantly on hand at the Govern-
ment Nursery, seed and seedlings of the important native and introduced
trees. These are sold at prices just covering the cost of collection or
growing.

The list includes both forest and ornamental trees, such as Silk Oak,
Koa, various species of Eucalyptus, Golden and Pink Showers, Pride of
India, Poinciana, Albizzia, etc. The price of the seed varies from 10
to 50 cents per ounce. The seedlings may be had for 2 1 /£ cents each,
except a few kinds which are 5 cents. Seed of the various palms is also
for sale; the price per 100 varying from $1.00 to $2.50. All seed is tested
before being sent out, which insures its being good.

All communications in regard to seed or trees should be addressed to
David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman, Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii.

RALPH S. HOSMER,
Superintendent of Forestry.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

To give information about insects free of charge is one of the duties
of this Division and Hawaiian readers are hereby invited to make in-
quiry in person and by mail. In order to be able to advise intelligently
or send the right kind of useful insects for relief we like and sometime!
it is indispensable for us to see the insect suspected or caught in the act,
also specimens of the injury. In a tin with a hole or two, or a wooden
box specimens may be mailed at 3rd class rates. When specimens are
not accompanied by letter always write your name and address in the
upper left-hand corner of the package. Address all communications
SUPERINTENDENT DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, P. O. BOX 207,
HONOLULU, HAWAII.

EDW. M. EHRHORN,

Superintendent.

THE JHAWAIIAN

FORESTER I AGRICULTURIST

Vol. VIII. JULY, 1911. No. 7.

A broadside has been received by the Forester, containing the
advance premium list of the annual exposition of Dry Farmed
Products, to be held under the auspices of the International Dry
Farming Congress, at Colorado Springs, October 16-21, 1911.
Premiums and trophies amounting in value to $5000 will be paid
out for prize awards. The grand sweepstake prize will be a
trophy in the form of a cup worth $250. There is considerable
dry farming in Hawaii, and probably scope for more than exists,
but in most cases those engaged in it could hardly afford to show
anything at any exposition outside of the islands. Yet it might
be of great advantage to agriculture in this Territory if it were
represented at such a fair as this one by someone competent to
make observations and acquire and collate data on the subject of
dry farming. In the same connection, the idea occurs that, among
the various objects of public aid to agriculture here which the
legislature appropriates, a moderate fund might be provided for
sending exhibits, or at least sample lots, of raw and preserved
agricultural products to such important exhibitions or great fairs
as may be held from year to year at central points on the main-
land. There should be no trouble about enlisting the good offices
of some responsible person of the place where the show was to
be held to handle the exhibit or distribute the samples and at-
tractive literature pertaining both to the products and the islands.
Such a campaign would fit in well with the movement to market
Hawaiian products.

Mr. C. S. Sterrett, of Los Angeles, the marketing expert
brought here under legislation of last session, but only accepting
a temporary engagement instead of the permanent one intended
for such an official, is now making a tour of the group in com-
pany with Dr. E. V. Wilcox, director of the Hawaii Experiment
Station. Some of his findings at different places already pub-
lished in the newspapers indicate that his employment will yield
a valuable body of information and advice, which it will then re-
main for our agricultural authorities and producers to turn to
practical account. It will not do to allow his report to be use-
lessly buried in the archives, like the productions of many gov-
ernment commissions on various subjects for which the taxpayers
of Hawaii have paid more or less liberally in years past.

196

Mr. C. S. Judd, the newly appointed head of both the agricul-
tural and the public lands departments, has arrived and will enter
upon the duties of his offices the first of next month. Both as a
Hawaiian-born citizen and a trained expert in the Federal bureau
of forestry, Mr. Judd is generally welcomed to the management
of these supremely important subdivisions of the Territorial
Government.

Mr. F. A. Clowes, of the Hawaii Experiment Station, is
quoted from Hilo as stating that about 3000 pounds of islan 1
butter is being consumed monthly in that town and neighbor-
hood, for which the makers average about forty-five cents a
pound. This means that $1350 a month, or $16,200 a year, is
received by the less than twenty small farmers that are said to
be engaged in the business. With some of these dairying is the
exclusive occupation. Further, the encouraging feature of the
industry is mentioned that consumers ask for island butter and
are willing to pay more for the first quality article of such than
for the best imported.

In the catalogue of new bulletins in the Monthly List of Pub-
lications of the United States Department of Agriculture are
the following: "The Sugar-cane Insects of Hawaii, by D. L.
Van Dine, special field agent, pp. 54, pis, 4, figs. 5 (Bulletin
93, Bureau of Entomology) ;" 'The Assimilation of Nitrogen
by kice, by W. P. Kelley, chemist, under the supervision of
Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture, pp. 20 (Bulletin 24, Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion)/' There are two circulars mentioned which might be of
value to agriculturists in these islands — one treating of the dam-
age to sugar cane in Louisiana by the sugar-cane borer, by T. C.
Barber, agent and expert; and one dealing with the mango
weevil, by C. L. Marlott, entomologist.

An article in the Pomona Journal of Economic Botany, on
the Avocado in Southern California, is reviewed in the Agri-
cultural News (West Indies). The review says: "Information
is given to show that seedlings of West Indian and Hawaiian
varieties have been grown in California, but the plants are not
sufficiently old to afford definite indications as to their value. "

197

THE EXTENSION WORK OF THE COLLEGE OF
HAWAII, 1908-1911.

The College of Hawaii, established in 1908, is youngest of
all the "Land Grant" Colleges of Agriculture and Mechanic
Arts. It is a unique institution in many respects. Its insular
position at the "Crossroads of the Pacific" gives it an unusually
broad outlook toward the deeds and the needs of all countries
and all peoples. Its student-body is drawn from an island popu-
lation composed of a remarkable variety of ethnic elements —
Polynesian, Oriental, Latin, and Teuton. The climatic condi-
tions of its vicinity make possible peculiarly felicitious oppor-
tunities for the study of sub-tropical life, industries, and con-
ditions.

Not least in the role of its unique features is its history, es-
pecially as regards extension teaching. There is perhaps no
other institution of collegiate rank in existence that at so early
a stage in its history took an active interest in the dissemination
of collegiate advantages through the various channels of ex-
tension work. The College of Hawaii has made rapid use of
the experiences of her sister institutions on the mainland. The
privilege of carrying the "Gospel of Education" directly to all
the people has been considered, from the very incipiency of the
institution, as one of its fundamental duties.

The College of Hawaii owes its origin to an act of Congress
entitled "An Act donating public lands to the several States and
Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agri-
culture and the mechanic arts," approved July 2, 1862. The
amount set aside was 30,000 acres for each senator and repre-
sentative in Congress. This land was to be sold, and the in-
come devoted to "the endowment, support, and maintenance of
at least one college" (in each State and Territory), "where the
leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and
classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such
branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the me-
chanic arts (in such manner as the legislatures of the States
may respectively prescribe), in order to promote the liberal and
practical education of the industrial classes in the several pur-
suits and professions of life."

A resolution was framed by Mr. Wallace R. Farrington, and
introduced by Representative Coelho, of Maui, in 1905, by which
the Commissioners of Public Instruction were authorized to
thoroughly investigate the requirements under the Federal law
and other matters regarding the establishment and maintenance
of a college of agriculture and mechanic arts. After consider-
able investigation by a committee of the Department of Public
Instruction, a report was presented to the 1907 legislature, which
resulted in the appointment of a special committee from the

198

University Club, consisting of Hon. H. E. Cooper, Mr. C. R.
Hemenway, and Mr. R. S. Hosmer. Two acts were framed,
introduced by Senator Coelho, and passed by the legislature,
regular session 1907, without opposition : Act 24 provided for
the establishment of the college ; Act 94 made special appropria-
tion for the biennial period ending June, 1909.

Short Courses.

The first funds of the College became available in July, 1907;
the first prospectus of courses was issued January 1, 1908, and
the first regular classes were held in February, 1908. This
month, February, 1908, in which the first regular instruction of
the College began, witnessed also the inauguration of the first
short courses. These began February 18th and closed March
31st. They consisted of twenty-six evening sessions, from 7:30
to 9:30 o'clock, on Tuesdays and Thursdays. A printed an-
nouncement of these courses was issued, stating that "the Col-
lege of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts has arranged a course
of evening lessons for which there are no requirements other
than interest and good attention/'

The following synopsis will give a general idea of these
cpurses : —

Botany — Jared G. Smith, Director, Federal Experiment Station.
Lesson 1. Vegetable cell — structure, growth, contents, etc.

2. a Organs of vegetation — root, stem, and leaf.
b Process of assimilation and growth.

3. The flower — plan, organs, etc.

4. a Fertilization in flowers.

b Fruits — nature, kinds, etc.

Economic Entomology — D. L. Van Dine, Entomologist, Federal

Experiment Station.
Lesson 1. Place of insects in animal kingdom; characteristics,
etc.
2. Life-history; development, metamorphosis.

3. Injurious insects and their control.

4. Hawaiian entomology.

5. Scale insects — distribution; introduction.

6. Beneficial insects — direct; indirect.

Horticulture — W. T. Pope, Dean, College of Hawaii ; J. E.

Higgins, Hort, Federal Expt. Station.
Lesson 1. General survev of Hawaiian fruits.

2. Germination of tree seeds ; growth of seedlings.

3. Care and cultivation of fruits in general.

4. a Propagation pi plants.

b Budding; grafting; pruning.

199

5. Culture of citrus fruits in Hawaii.

6. Ornamental shrubbery of Hawaii.

7. Banana ; avocado, mango ; papaia ; culture of each.

8. Marketing of Hawaii fruits; picking; packing;

shipping.

Soil— W. T. Pope.
Lesson 1. Origin, properties, plant-food, etc.
2. Classification ; tillage, drainage, etc.
Commercial Fertilizers — F. G. Krauss, Agronomist, Federal

Experiment Station.
Lesson 1. Chemical constituents, values, etc.

Plant Breeding — F. G. Krauss.
Lesson 1. Production of new varieties, etc.

Farm Crops — F. G. Krauss.
Lesson 1. Farm crops for Hawaii.

Forestry — R. S. Hosmer, Territorial Forester.
Lesson 1. Forestry in general.
2. Hawaiian forestry.

At the last session of the series Mr. J. G. Smith gave a sum-
mary on agricultural literature, where information may be found,
and how to make use of it.

Much interest was manifested by the people of Honolulu in
this first extension work, the sessions were well attended and
regularly attended. The courses did much to give Hawaii a
favorable impression of the ideals and methods of the new in-
stitution.

Short Courses, ipop.

These short courses were indeed so much appreciated that
they were continued on a similar plan in 1909. They comprised
a series of twenty-six, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday
evenings of each week, March 3rd to April 2nd.- The schedule
was as follows : —

March 3. Agricultural problems of Hawaii.

Dr. E. V. Wilcox, Director, Federal Expt. Station.
Economics of agricultural education.

J. W. Gilmore, President, College of Hawaii.
March 5. Entomological inspection — objects, methods, results.
Jacob Kotinsky, Territorial Entomologist.
Types of plant diseases.

L. Lewton-Brain, Pathologist, S. P. Expt. Sta.
March 8. Preservation of fruits.

Miss Agnes Hunt, Dept. D. Sc. Col. of Hawaii.
Poultry and profits.

B. E. Porter, Dept. An Hus.. Col. of Hawaii.

2C0

March 10.

March 12.

March 15.

March 17.

March 19.

March 22.

March 24.

March 26.

March 29.

March 31.

April 2.

Botany of economic plants.

W. T. Pope, Dept. Hort, College of Hawaii,
Plant improvement. J. W. Gilmore.

Sanitary dairying. E. B. Porter.

Chemistry in its relations to agriculture.

J. J. Morgan, Dept. Chemistry, Col. of Hawaii.

Bacteria in their relations to health and diseases.

Miss Agnes Hunt.
Remedies for plant diseases. L. Lewton-Brain,

Our worst insect enemies. Jacob Kotinsky,

Soil management. Prof. J. W. Gilmore,

Feeds and feeding. B. E. Porter.

Meat production. E. V. Wilcox,

Production and marketing of fruits.
Planting the home grounds.

Soil management.
Economics of forestry.

Our insect friends. Jacob Kotinsky

Production and marketing of fruits. J. E. Higgins

Planting the home grounds. W. T. Pope

Rice. F. G. Krauss

J. E. Higgins.
W. T. Pope.

Prof J. W. Gilmore.
R. S. Hosmer.

Miss Agnes Hunt.
R. S. Hosmer.

Foods and diet.
Forestry in Hawaii.

Bovine tuberculosis in relation to health.

J. W. Gilmore
Agricultural literature.

W. G. Ross, Dept. Agronomy, Col. of Hawaii

It will be seen from the above list of topics that the instruc-
tion given related directly to the affairs of Hawaii ; those matters
received foremost consideration that were of largest importance
to the people of this community.

Movable Schools, ipop.

In the summer of 1909 movable schools were conducted in
Hilo, Hawaii, and Wailuku, Maui. President Gilmore and Pro-
fessor Young had charge of this work. Several sessions were
held in each place, consisting of lectures, demonstrations and
conferences. Some of the topics were: Plant Improvement;
Recent Investigations in Soil Fertility; The X-Ray; Sanitation
and Typhoid. These lectures on the other islands created much
interest, and the subsequent request for their continuance showed
the real appreciation of the people for efforts of this nature.

201

Astronomical Demonstrations.

The evening courses were not continued as much in 1910.
Popular interest being centered on the approach of Halley's
comet, the College conducted demonstrations and lectures at the
Observatory at Kaimuki. Prof. J. S. Donaghho had charge of
much of this work. The President's report for 1910 states that
"during the period of the approach and recession of the comet
•about two thousand people visited the observatory, and to a
large number of these the equipment and process of astronom-
ical observations were explained."

Kindergarten Teachers.

At the request of the Director of the Free Kindergarten Nor-
mal Class instruction in elementary botany, zoology, and nature-
study was given to this class. The class, of eight young women,
met weekly for a period of about fourteen weeks. The work
consisted chiefly of laboratory and field exercises, with partic-
ular reference to material suitable for use in kindergarten work.

Other Special Courses.

Other special instruction, to meet certain specific needs, has
been organized from time to time, in response to special re-
quests. Work of this kind has been done by the Departments
of Domestic Science, Botany and Horticulture, Zoology and
Entomology, and Art.

Correspondence Courses.

The Correspondence Courses were established in September,
1910. A printed folder, reading as follows, was sent out to
public school teachers, plantation employees, and others sup-
posedly interested in such courses.

Purpose.

The College of Hawaii, an institution supported by taxation,
should extend its services to the people by all possible ways com-
patible with the best methods of college administration. While
adequate provision should be made and fostered for collegiate
work in residence, yet there exists in the community a large
class of persons who for one cause or another are unable to ad-
just themselves to our formal system of education. Such per-
sons manifestly have some claim upon the Territory for assist-
ance in education outside the formal system. By correspond-
ence study such persons may acquire knowledge in accordance
with their requirements and capacities. While there are very

202

good reasons for students coming to the College for their in-
struction, there are also good reasons for the College going to
the people ; and more especially when the College offers instruc-
tion in subjects pertaining to the vocations of life.

That people may be taught in many of the subjects of the
school and college curriculum through correspondence study is
a demonstrated fact, and while the method lacks some of the
advantages of resident study, it has certain advantages of its
own. Among other things, it has a tendency to encourage self-
reliance and self-determination. It affords earnest persons the
opportunity of working and studying at the same time, and
each student gets individual instruction. On the other hand, ad-
vanced subjects requiring extensive laboratory equipment are at
a disadvantge as the manipulation of laboratory apparatus may
not be taught by correspondence.

The specific classes of persons that correspondence study is
designed to benefit may be enumerated as follows :

1. Those who want to learn but who are prevented from
attending the College by exigencies of employment or place of
living.

2. Those who find new demands made upon them by the
progress of the industry in which they are engaged.

3. Those who are engaged in manual employments and who
wish some mental activity to occupy their leisure hours.

Plan and Scope.

It is proposed that the College offer through correspondence
study the following subjects : Soils and Crops, Plant Life,-
Poultry Husbandry, Domestic Science, Zoology.

The grade of instruction in these subjects will be in accord-
ance with the ability and attainments of the students. Students
taking any subject by correspondence shall be not less than
fifteen years of age and shall not at the time of taking the
course be in attendance at school.

Instruction in the subjects mentioned will be given by written
lessons or assignments, the student returning a written report
on each lesson or assignment according to the direction of the
professor in charge. These reports will be carefully examined
and returned to the student with such corrections, explanations,
or suggestions as may be in the interests of the student. If each
report meets the required standard, a new lesson or assignment
will be sent.

A subject consists of weekly assignments and each assign-
ment may contain one or more lessons. The course of instruc-
tion will terminate with the close of schools in June. No pre-
liminary examination will be required, but students must satisfy
those in charge of the course that they can read and write Eng-

203

lish fluently. Application blanks may be had on request, and the
College will offer assistance and suggestion in the choice of sub-
jects. Students will be expected to complete at least one course
in the time specified for the course.

A fee of $5 will be charged for each full course of eighteen
assignments. For additional courses a reduction of one-half for
each course will be made. The fee is intended to pay the cost
of the lessons and postage one way. If a student takes less than
half of the assignments, one-half the fee remaining above the
cost of material used will be refunded.

Subjects in Detail.

Course I — Soils and Crops: Readings and reports on the
origin and formation of soils, their physical, chemical and bio-
logical properties, relation of soil properties to soil manage-
ments, the adaptation of crops to soil types, and the essentials
of crop-producing power. The studies on crops will consist of
readings and reports on the leading crops of the United States
and Hawaii, their geography, economics of production, com-
mercial importance, products, uses and culture methods.

Course II — Plant Life: This course covers the fundamentals
of plant life, both as regards plants in their various relations to
man and as independent forms of life. Emphasis will be laid on**
the practical phases of plant life, especially such aspects as are
exemplified in Hawaii, and in tropical regions generally. Refer-
ences are given to available literature, and from time to time in-
dividual observations, records and experiments will be required.
The faithful performance of the work outlined in this course
should give the student a comprehensive knowledge of the basic
principles of plant structure and growth and of the application
of these in horticultural practice.

Course III — The course in poultry culture treats on the un-
derlying principles of the profitable production of poultry prod-
ucts. The essential business elements which lie not only in the
qualification of the poultry man but also in the quality of the
stock investment will receive special consideration from the time
the egg or the chick is produced until it reaches the consumer.
Each student is urged to be actively engaged in some part of the
business while taking the course, for observation, study and work
go hand in hand in any successful undertaking.

Course IV — Course in Cooking: This course is intended to
give some methods for the simpler dishes used in the diet. It
includes text assignments giving something of the needs of the
human system as regards the elemental food stuffs, the preser-
vation of food, with a few special diets for children and the
sick.

Course V — Course in Zoology: The course is intended to

204

give a grounding in the subject of general zoology with special
reference to its economic aspects. It includes text assignments,
written lectures and simple dissections of a number of common
animals with a view of gaining an understanding of the salient
points in their comparative anatomy. Note of the life histories, ,
forms and habits of animals are included in order to show the
adaptation of animals to various circumstances and conditions
of environment. The course is intended for teachers and others
with a taste for or a knowledge of the facts and material of
zoology.

This circular was accompanied by an application form with
spaces for date ; name ; residence ; occupation ; age ; previous edu-
cation ; name of steamer carrying mail ; period of arrival and de-
parture of steamer ; course desired ; purpose in taking the course ;
and other courses desired than those listed.

Numerous inquiries were received regarding the course, and
students on the various islands registered in the course on soils
and crops, plant life, and poultry raising.

President Gilmore, in an article upon correspondence study
in the Hawaiian Collegian, June, 1910, writes as follows : —

One characteristic that distinguishes our system of education
in America from that of other nations is its democracy. We
look upon our system of common schools as fundamental to the
^welfare of the nation and upon the colleges that have been 'es-
tablished under the direction of national law as institutions that
render large returns to the nation in the form of increased effi-
ciency for its citizens. However, up to the present time our sys-
tem of education has one element lacking in rendering its demo-
cratic application complete, and that is, it does not reach all the
people all the time. Every one now recognizes that the acquire-
ment of an education does not consist of a certain number of
years spent in school or college or of absorbing facts during a
stated period of time that relate to certain specified subjects.
The acquirement of an education is closely correlated with the
life activities of the individual and of the activities of his en-
vironment and is independent of age, sex or the period of ac-
quirement.

Correspondence study is the agency by which this gap in the
scheme may be filled. There always exists in every community
persons who through conditions affecting their living or their
environment are unable to avail themselves of the privileges of
the public school system as it is at present organized. They may
have had limited opportunity to acquire that standard of learn-
ing that would do them the greatest good. Such persons may
have both capacity and ambition, but not opportunity. It is such
persons as these that the branch of correspondence study in the
schools and colleges that are able to present it should most bene-
fit. If everyone who has not had the opportunity of attending

205

school could receive the benefits through this means, no doubt
the efficiency of every community would be largely increased.

That instruction may be imparted through correspondence is
a fact that has been demonstrated by experience, and while such
instruction may lack some of the advantages of attendance
within the walls of the schools or colleges, yet it has advantages
of its own. The correspondence student comes in contact in a
more personal way with the instructor than is often the case
with the student attending large classes. Moreover, the instruc-
tion may be taken by those who are engaged in manual and
mental employment and can thus be given a more practical ap-
plication, especially in the matter of time. Then, too, , corre-
spondence study enables a student to employ leisure hours in a
way that is at once profitable and restful. In addition to this
it may be taken in the home, which in our day of outside at-
tractions and street activities may be a great blessing.

The College of Hawaii will, during the coming year, inaugu-
rate a system of correspondence study as a branch of its va-
rious activities. Both on account of its somewhat limited facili-
ties at the present time and also because of its not knowing what
subject prospective students in the Islands may be interested in,
the number of subjects offered in the beginning will be few.

As time goes on and new demands or points of view arise
on the part of students, both old and young, additional sub-
jects may be added. The grade of instruction in these subjects
will be in accordance with the ability and attainments of the
students.

It is believed that by this means the College may be instru-
mental in not only furthering the interests of education, but also
in enabling people who may not have had opportunities of at-
tending school to receive some instruction that may be suitable
to their needs.

The correspondence work has amply justified its existence,
and bids fair to increase markedly from year to year.

The President's Report for 1910 contains a section reviewing
the work of the Extension Department, emphasizing its im-
portance, and looking forward to its speedy development. The
College of Hawaii has as its basic principle the ideal of service
and training for service. The Extension Department is one of
the large avenues through which it realizes this ideal.

Vaughan MacCaughey,

In Charge of Extension Work.

206
THE GREAT COFFEE CORNER.

By J. M. McChesney.

Coffee reached its lowest price on November 13, 1902 — No.
7 Rio selling at 5 1-16 cents per pound on that day in New York.

The crop of 1906-7 was the largest ever produced — reaching
the enormous amount of nearly 24,000,000 bags.

These were the two factors which brought about the great
coffee "corner/' and raised the price to consumers of the break-
fast cup two and a half times in six years.

In 1895 this grade (No. 7 Rio) was selling at 17 cents in New
York. This high price stimulated planting in Brazil to such an
extent that in seven years (by 1902) prices reached their lowest
level, and bankruptcy threatened coffee growers throughout the
world. The price again rose gradually till it reached 7 l / 2 cents in
1906-7, when the bumper crop of that season (nearly 24,000,000
bags of 130 pounds each) turned the scale again, and prices
dropped to 5% at New York in December, 1907. Since when
the combine between Brazil and European capitalists, commonly
called the "Valorization Scheme," has caused a slow but steady
advance in prices, till in December last No. 7 Rio sold at 13j4
cents in New York.

Brazil is the great coffee growing country of the world, pro-
ducing on an average more than 65 per cent, of the world's con-
sumption. Sao Paulo, a State of Brazil, produces about 60 per cent,
of the Brazilian crop. One plantation in Brazil produces 250,000
bags of 130 pounds each, by actual figuring enough to furnish
a cup to every man, woman and child in the United States and
Canada every day for a week. Eight thousand persons live on
this estate and make their living cultivating coffee. The fol-
lowing table will be of interest as showing the world's produc-
tion, the consumption yearly, the visible supply, and the price,
on July 1, annually, for twenty years past: —

Price No. 7 Ric,
Year. World's Visible Supply. New York.

1891

1,909,120

17#

1892

2,955,023

12%

1893

3,100,618

165%

1894

2,146,423

16/ 2

1895

3.115,680

15^4

1896

2,588,193

13

1897

3,975,880

7H

1898

5,435,974

6%

1899

6.200,013

6H

1900

5.840,561

8 15-16

1901

6,867,327

6

207

1902

11,261,331

sy

1903

11,900,173

5 3-16

1904

12,361,454

7/ 8

1905

11,265,510

7U

1906

9,636,563

8

1907

16,399,954

6H

1908

14,126,227

ey

1909

12,841,057

7H

1910

13,719,530

sy

January

1, 1911

13,015,214

uy

]

Production Consumption

Crop

Production

Consumption

over

over

Year.

bags.

bags. Consumption. Production.

1890-1

9,323,000

8,718,661

604,339

1892

11,979,000

10,804,551

1,174,449

1893

11,284,000

10,946,228

357,772

1894

9,401,000

10,571,533

1,170,533

1895

11,764,000

11,212,851

551,149

1896

10,377,000

11,142,813

765,813

1897

13,918,000

12,244,204

1,673,796

1898

16,058,000

14,571,902

1,486,098

1899

13,756,000

13,480,904

275,096

1900

13,801,000

14,972,699

1,171,699

1901

15,100,000

14,329,925

770,075

1902

19,735,000

15,516,663

4,218,337

1903

16,664,000

15,966,498

697,502

1904

15,983,000

16,133,707

150,707

1905

14,448,000

16,163,353

1,715,353

1906

14,792,000

16,741,215

1,949,215

1907

23,786,000

17,544,750

6,241,250

1908

14,834,000

17,525,418

2,691,418

1909

16,918,000

18,649,602

1,731,602

1910*

18,100,000

18,500,000
-not reliable.

400,000

♦Reports differ—

While Brazil has steadily increased her output from 5,358,000
bags in 1890 to over 11,000,000 in 1910, that of every other
coffee-growing country has decreased. It will be noted that con-
sumption has increased close to 500,000 bags annually, while
production varies much from year to year. As for instance,
Brazil's crop of 1901-2 was 50 per cent, larger than the year be-
fore, and her crop of 1906-7 was nearly twice as large as that
of 1905-6. In 1901-2 the world's crop was 19,735,000 bags, by
far the largest up to that date. This brought the selling price
down to 5 1-16. The production over consumption that year

208

was 4,218,000 bags. In 1906-7 the bumper crop was produced,
the enormous amount of 23,786,000 bags. Production over con-
sumption this year was 6,241,000 bags, and prices sagged
to 5%. And all that kept the prices from going down to a figure
that would have ruined the coffee growers even in Brazil was
the so-called " Valorization Scheme' just put into effect. If
these low prices continued, it meant ruin to coffee growers
throughout the world. As a prominent Brazilian put it at that
time, "The increase of the world's crop of 1902 was so violent
it could not be accompanied by consumption, and so prices fell
disastrously, and planting interests, once so prosperous, went
from bad to worse, until the gigantic crop of 1906-7 threatened
to swamp them altogether, and black ruin stared them in the
face." Such were conditions when the government of Sao
Paulo came to the rescue of the growers, and the "Valorization
Scheme" was hatched, the most gigantic, far-reaching trust ever
formed.

The three principal States of Brazil (the government of Brazil
was not yet in the deal) now entered into an agreement whereby
they assumed a pro rata responsibility for the purchase of such
surplus coffee, to borrow money to carry that surplus, the same
to be held until it could be marketed without crowding the price
below the approved minimum. Eight million bags were pur-
chased, and a loan of $80,000,000 made, to be paid in stated
installments. The Arbuckles, and Crossman & Sielcklen, of New
York, together with some French bankers, made the advances.
The Rothschilds and other leading bankers of Europe refused,
considering the whole valorization program economically un-
sound. In December, 1906, in an interview by a reporter of the
Wall Street Journal, Hermann Sielcklen, of Crossman & Bro. of
New York City, the American representative of the syndicate
who supplied a portion of the gold necessary to carry the load,
said : "It is no scheme at all. It is simply a plain business
proposition which houses representing $250,000,000 capital can
without any doubt carry through to the measure of success which
is necessary to accomplish the object for which the plan was
undertaken."

To those who financed the scheme it was only a "plain busi-
ness proposition." It was only a matter of money and time to
make it a success. In a leading coffee journal another writer
at that time said : "Did you ever hear of such a crazy scheme ?
What would you say if Uncle Sam were to buy up the surplus
wheat of the United States in order to boost the price? Well,
the scheme will never work, because the stuff will always be
hanging over the market and depress it, and everybody will
know it is there."

After the large crop of 1902, and for a few years following,
the consumption exceeded the production, and prices advanced

209

a little; the world's visible supply on July 1, 1904, was 12,361,000
bags, almost a year's requirements ; and another crop ready to
pick. Then came the record-breaking crop of 1906-7, and pro-
duction was increased to 6,241,000 bags over consumption in
one year. When they were expecting a 15,000,000 bag crop,
they found they had 24,000,000 bags to market — Brazil's crop
alone this year being 19,500,000 bags. In December, 1907,
prices being still low, the American Consul-General at Rio de
Janeiro wrote home: "Perhaps even now it would be an actual
saving of money to the backers of the coffee syndicate, certainly
to the planters, and to every one but the consumers, if this im-
mense store of coffee were burned or thrown into the sea."
(There were then some 8,000,000 bags in the hands of the syn-
dicate, and another bumper crop in Brazil threatened.) "Al-
though the Sao Paulo government had placed very heavy taxes
on the extension of coffee plantations, and it is frequently said
this will curtail the size of future crops, the effect is almost
certain to prove otherwise," he said. A little later, the govern-
ment of Brazil seriously proposed that the law then pending for
a surtax on coffee shipped out of the country should be changed,
and instead of taking a tax payable in money, the government
should take one-tenth of the coffee, load it on barges, take it out
to sea and sink it. Only the fear of criticism throughout the
world prevented this wanton destruction of coffee. This was
actually agreed to at a meeting of the committee representing
the holders of the coffee in London April 26, 1909.

But many factors conspired to interfere with the success of
the scheme. A new government was coming into office in Brazil.
What would its attitude be? Continued overproduction was
threatened. Prices were still low. It seemed that those who had
predicted failure were to have their predictions realized. Some-
thing had to be done to interest further loans. At this date the
Saturday Evening Post published the following: "Dispatches
announce the utter collapse of the coffee 'corner,' at a loss to
the Brazilian government of $15,000,000."

But it was not to be. When the scheme had been in operation
two years, it did not look promising, and Sao Paulo discovered
she had more than she could carry. Brazil now came to the
rescue of the four States which had originally undertaken to
corner the crop alone, and in December, 1908, a new agreement
was entered into. A new loan of 15,000,000 pounds sterling was
made, the government of Brazil now guaranteeing principal and
interest, and the bonds were issued for the amount. One-third
of the bonds were taken in London, one-third in Paris, $10,-
000,000 in New York, and the balance went to the money cen-
ters of Europe. A committee of seven was named to handle the
coffee, six by the firms that furnished the money, and one by
the Brazilian government. The coffee was to be shipped to the

210

representatives of the several firms as collateral, and the agree-
ment provided that 500,000 bags only should be disposed of in
the crop year 1909-10, 600,000 during 1910-11, 700,000 during
1911-12, 800,000 during 1912-13, and thereafter 700,000 yearly.
To further help out the scheme, Brazil was to levy a surtax on
all coffee shipped out of the country over 10,000,000 bags an-
nually, of about a half cent per pound, and remit the proceeds
of this tax weekly to the bondholders. It was also agreed that
the government should enact a law that would prohibit the
planting of additional coffee trees, and prevent as far as possible
an increase in the supply. The success of the whole scheme de-
pended on such a law, and it was done, with the result that the
surplus is steadily declining, prices advancing, and consump-
tion rapidly overtaking production. We have thus here pre-
sented the unique spectacle of a powerful government, for the
first time in history, engaged in restricting by statute the pro-
duction of a necessary commodity for the purpose of enhancing
the price. Attempted "corners" in cotton, wheat and corn have
failed in the past, but here we have a "corner" that has been a
complete success. Every person who drinks a cup of coffee
is contributing his mite toward the millions of profits now being
reaped by the scheme.

In justification of the scheme a writer in the Brazilian Re-
view, in speaking of the conditions existing in 1906-7, said:
"Little by little, resources, accumulated in a decade of prosperity,
were exhausted, and planters went down one by one into ob-
scurity. Laborers were left' unpaid, and emigrated in swarms.
Banks broke, and even the great Bank of the Republic was
forced for a while to suspend payments. So when the bumper
crop of 1906-7 came, the cup of the planters' bitterness was full
to overflowing."

On January 1 last the syndicate had on hand 6,310,323 bags
coffee, of which 1,461,890 were stored in New York, the bal-
ance in European warehouses. This coffee is a much higher
grade than No. 7 Rio, This coffee represents at present prices
a value of 20,000,000 pounds sterling, while the obligation of
Brazil to the syndicate, according to official figures, is but 13,-
000,000 pounds at the same time. While this difference does
not represent the entire advanced cost to the consumers, it prob-
ably does represent the net profits to Brazil on the amount pur-
chased for account of the syndicate.

Thus Hawaii gains by the "corner" what she failed to get
by the tariff.

The price of coffee in the markets of the world has advanced
about two and a half times since the scheme was inaugurated.
Where will it stop? If coffee can be controlled now by capital
(and it certainly is and pretty effectually), will this control be
voluntarily surrendered later on when all the coffee is sold? It
will be noted that restriction on new planting is being effectually

211

carried out by the Brazilian government, so it is improbable that
the production will soon again overtake* consumption to such
an extent as to force down prices very materially. Will the
United States, the great coffee drinking nation of the world,
remain inactive while this is going on? The matter has already
been brought to the attention of Congress by the introduction
of a resolution of inquiry by Representative Norris of Nebraska.
The department having charge of the resolution will probably
report in December when Congress convenes. The United
States is in a position to force Brazil by placing a heavy duty
on Brazilian products in retaliation.

Of course, in Brazil, they do not call it a "trust" or "combine. "
There it is "a company organized to sell state-owned coffee. "
The State is merely a dealer. The total advances made to the
government for the purpose of buying coffee were $111,470,530
reduced to U. S. dollars. The State Secretary of Sao Paulo,
referring to the conditions in December last, said: "The coffee
situation is now solid and not easily upset, and will so continue
indefinitely, provided the public authority is vigilant to see that
the conditions leading up to the crisis, which we have left be-
hind, are not repeated." (Meaning probably over-production.)
"As to the liquidation of the compromises assumed by the State,
it may be affirmed that within two or three years they will all be
paid off, leaving a considerable balance."

In the meantime, it will be a good move on the part of Hawaii
to plant coffee. A period of high prices is sure to prevail. Like
the sugar trust, it looks like this great international coffee trust
is to remain with us.

UNRECORDED SPECIMENS OF TWO RARE
HAWAIIAN BIRDS.

By Outram Bangs.

From the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington,
D. C, Vol. XXII, pp. 67-70.

May, 4, 1910.

Lately while arranging the skins of Acrulocercus nobilis in
the Museum of Comparative Zoology I discovered among them
a fine example of the long ago extinct Acrulocercus apicalis
(Gould) of Oahu Island.

This specimen came to the museum in exchange from Brown
University, and had formerly belonged to John Cassin. It
bears a label in Cassin's hand with the inscription, "Sandwich
isld. J. K. Townsend male," and was without doubt collected
by Townsend during his visit to Oahu in 1835. The skin, No.
17,598, Museum of Comparative Zoology, is that of a fine adult

212

male, and, although made seventy-five years ago, is in perfect
preservation, except that its feet and legs have, at some time,
been somewhat eaten by insects.

Wilson and Evans in their Aves Hawaiiensis, 1890-1899 (p.
"103" — the work is not paged) mention five specimens, all that
were known to them, of A. apicalis — three in the British Mu-
seum, one of which went by exchange to Rothschild's Tring
Museum, and a pair collected by Deppe which are in Vienna.

Rothschild's Extinct Birds, 1907, p. 27, enumerates the same
five specimens, but says that Deppe's skins are in Berlin.

Ours makes the sixth known example of A. apicalis, which is
believed to have been confined to Oahu, and which has not been
seen alive by a naturalist since 1837.

It is the only one in America, Dr. "Chas. W. Richmond in-
forming me that the United States National Museum does not
possess any, and Mr. Witmer Stone says that there is none in
the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, although that
institution had most of Cassin's Collection of birds.

In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there is also a fine
pair of Ciridops anna (Dole), one of the very rarest of Ha-
waiian birds and certainly one of the most beautiful.

The exact origin of these skins, of excellent make and in per-
fect preservation, I have been unable to learn. They came to
the museum with a few other Hawaiian birds — six skins of
Acrulocercus nobilis and several petrels and terns — and were
catalogued by Dr. J. A. Allen in 1870; names for none but the
Moheo being written on the labels or in the register by that
naturalist.

Ciridops anna was described by Judge Dole in 1879, and is
supposed to be, or perhaps better to have been, confined to the
Island of Hawaii. It was, until I unearthed our two skins,
known by three male specimens only, one now in the Bishop
Museum and two in Rothschild's Museum at Tring. The fe-
male and young male were unknown.

Our male, No. 10,995, is in full plumage, and very closely
matches the exquisite plate in Wilson and Evans, Aves Ha-
waiiensis.

Our other specimen, No. 10,987, I take to be an adult female.
Though a little smaller, it is exactly similar in proportions to.
the male, but is wholly different in color. It may be described
as follows: —

Forehead clothed in stiffened, pointed, semi-erect feathers as
in the adult male. Top of head, nape, and sides of head cinna-
mon washed with dull olive-yellow on forehead and with the
lores and a narrow frontal band more dusky; cheeks with paler
shaft-stripes to the feathers; lower back grayish cinnamon,
gradually passing into the purer color of the head; rump and
upper tail coverts olive-yellow; tail dusky, fringed with olive-
yellow; primaries blackish, narrowly edged with dark olive-

213

yellow; secondaries more broadly edged with the same, the in-
nermost nearly wholly dark olive-yellow ; throat dull cinnamon,
the feathers with paler shaft stripes, slightly washed with yel-
low-olive in lower middle; chest and breast dingy-smoke-gray,
somewhat washed with olive, gradually passing into dark olive-
yellow on belly; under wing coverts, axillars, under tail coverts
and a small patch in lower middle belly dilute rufous-cinnamon.
The general pattern thus resembles that of the adult male,
though the colors themselves are very different. Our two skins
afford the following measurements (in mm.) : —

No.

Sex.

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Culm en.

10995

( o'ad. )

80

44

22

11

10987

( o ad. )

73.5

41

21

10

WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ON
BEE DISEASES.

Washington, D. C, December 6, 1910.

The honey bee annually produces a crop of honey valued
at at least $20,000,000, and there are vast opportunities for
increasing this output. The most serious handicap to bee-
keeping in the United States is the fact that there are con-
tagious diseases which attack the brood of the honey bee.
There are now recognized two such diseases, known as Amer-
ican foul brood and European foul brood. From data recently
obtained by the United States Department of Agriculture, it
is known that American foul brood exists in 282 counties in
thirty-seven States, and European foul brood in 160 counties
in twenty-four States, and it is estimated conservatively that
these diseases are causing a loss to the beekeepers of the
United States of at least $1,000,000 annually. This estimate
is based on the probable value of the colonies which die, and
the approximate loss of crop due to the weakened condition
of disease colonies. The State in which the diseases are most
prevalent are California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kan-
sas, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin, and it is unfor-
tunate that these are the States in which honey production
is most profitable, making the future outlook of the bee-
keeping industry so much the worse unless active measures
are taken to control the diseases. Furthermore, the distri-
bution of these diseases is by no means fully known, and they
are constantly spreading.

The cause of American foul brood has been found by the
Department to be a specific bacterium, and enough is known
of the cause and nature of European foul brood, which is also

214

a bacterial disease, to make it possible to issue reliable recom-
mendations concerning treatment for both diseases. Both
attack the developing brood, and as the adult bees die from
old age or other causes, the colony becomes depleted since
there are not enough young bees emerging to keep up the
numbers. When the colony becomes weak, bees from other
colonies enter to rob the honey, and the infection is spread.

Both of these diseases can be controlled with comparative
ease by the progressive beekeeper, but the chief difficulty
encountered in combating these diseases is the fact that the
majority of the beekeepers are unaware that any such dis-
eases exist; they therefore often attribute their losses to
other sources, and nothing is done to prevent the spread of
the infection. It is therefore necessary in most cases to point
out the existence and nature of the diseases, as well as to
spread information concerning the best methods of treat-
ment. Several States have passed laws providing for the in-
spection of apiaries for disease, and the beekeepers in other
States are asking for the same protection, so that careless or
ignorant beekeepers can be prevented from endangering their
neighbor's bees. This inspection is a benefit in so far as the
inspectors can cover the territory. The Department of Ag-
riculture is helping in this work by sending out publications
to the beekeepers in infected regions, by examining samples
of brood suspected of disease, and by sending out informa-
tion concerning the presence of disease, so that beekeepers
will be informed that their apiaries are in danger. The co-
operation of agricultural colleges, State Beekeepers' Asso-
ciations, and other similar agencies is being urged.

In view of the fact that these diseases are so widespread,
every person interested in beekeeping should find out as soon
as possible how to recognize and treat these maladies, and be
on the lookout for them. A publication containing a discus-
sion of the nature of these diseases and their treatment will
be sent on request to the Department of Agriculture.

BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY*
Division of Forestry*

ROUTINE REPORT.

Honolulu, June 8, 1911.

The Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry,
Honolulu, Oahu.
Gentlemen : — I have the honor to submit as follows the regular
report of the work of the Division of Forestry for the month
of May, 1911.

215

My own time during this month has largely been occupied
with routine duties in connection with preparing plans for pro-
posed forest planting in the Koolau District, Maui, and with
arranging details regarding the experimental tree planting now
in progress in this Territory under Federal funds; in attending
to matters of detail in the office, and in preparing and revising,
for the use of the Board, statements in regard to the reallotment
of the Board's appropriation for the coming fiscal period.

Mr. Curran's Visit.

Mr. H. M. Curran, of the Philippine Forest Service, who
stopped over for a month as a temporary member of the staff
of the Division of Forestry, left Honolulu on May 14 en route
to Manila. Under the date of May 12, Mr. Curran submitted to
the Board a report outlining his opinion on the problem of re-
placing the forest in the portions of the Koolau Forest Reserve,
Maui, where the original forest was killed some years ago.

Federal Tree Planting.

In the Federal tree planting work several thousand seedling
trees, both of Conifers and of several species of Eucalypts, were
planted out in the experimental plots on the slopes of Haleakala,
Maui, during the months of April and May.

During May, also, several acres of ground in Nuuanu Valley
above Luakaha, were put in shape for the planting of experi-
mental plots of some twenty odd species of Eucalypts. The idea
is to establish a half acre each of all the more important species,
so that data can be got as to the stability of the several kinds
for local use, more particularly those new to the Territory. The
seedlings for this planting are now ready at the Makiki Station.
The little trees will be set out during June.

Other Forest Planting.

The forest planting on the Kohala mountain, begun in April,
is reported to be getting on satisfactorily. Provision for con-
tinuing this project was made in its reallotment of the conserva-
tion tax fund by the Apportionment Board.

Other work in connection with tree growing and distribution is
described in the report of the Forest Nurseryman, submitted
herewith.

Eucalyptus Bulletin.

Following a call for tenders, a contract has been awarded the
Hawaiian Gazette Company for printing Mr. Louis Margolin's
bulletin entitled "Eucalyptus Culture in Hawaii." The manu-
script of this report, approved by the Forest Service, was re-

216 '

ceived after much delay late in April. The bulletin should be
out about July 1. It should prove of more than usual interest
to tree planters in Hawaii.

South Kona Forest Reserve.

On May 17, Governor Frear signed the proclamation creating
the South Kona Forest Reserve, which project had been tem-
porarily held up until a change could be made in the technical
description of the boundary. The total area of this reserve is
36,952 acres, of which 29,260 acres is government land.

Very respectfully,

Ralph S. Hosmer,

Superintendent of Forestry.

ROUTINE REPORT.

'Honolulu, July 1, 1911.

The Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry,
Honolulu, T. H.

Gentlemen : — I have the honor to submit as follows the rou-
tine report of the Division of Forestry for June, 1911.

Eucalyptus Bulletin.

Owing to the readjustment of the Board's financial matters,
the manuscript of Mr. Louis Margolin's bulletin, "Eucalyptus
Culture in Hawaii," had temporarily to be withheld from the
printer early in the month; otherwise the bulletin would have
been out by this time. The report is now in press and will ap-
pear early in July.

Federal Tree-Planting in Nuuanu Valley.

During the rnonth there have been planted out in Nuuanu
Valley above Luakaha, experimental lots of a number of species
of Eucalypts, mostly new to the Territory. Plots, some of one-
half, some of one-third acre each, have been laid out for some
twenty odd species. About half of the seedlings have been
planted; the remainder will be set out in July. The cost of this
work was borne by the Forest Service of the U. S. Department
of Agriculture out of its allotment for Experimental Planting in
Hawaii. The object of the experiment is to help to determine
which species of Eucalypts are best adapted for use in these
islands.

217

Forest Fire Service.

On June 12, and again on June 18, forest fires were reported
from the Koolau District, Kauai, on lands mauka of the Kilauea
Sugar Plantation Company. These fires were both put out by
plantation laborers acting under the direction of Mr. J. R. Myers,
manager of the plantation and district fire warden. Something
over one hundred acres were burned over. Efforts are being
made to apprehend the persons supposed to have started the
fires.

In order more efficiently to cover the Ewa District, Oahu, ad-
ditional district fire wardens have been appointed, as follows :
Mr. H. C. Dolliver, for the section between the land of Manana
and the Kaukonahua Gulch ; Mr. James Gibb, for the lands from
Moanalua to Waiawa. For Palolo Valley, Oahu, Mr. Samuel
R. Stone, and for the Districts of Honuaula and Kahikinui,
Maui, Mr. Alika Dowsett.

Forest Reserves.

Following a public hearing held on June 28, Governor Frear,
on June 29, signed a proclamation setting apart 19,850 acres of
government land in the District of Puna, Island of Hawaii, as
the Puna Forest Reserve. This reserve includes the section of
ohia forest now being logged under a timber license held by the
Hawaiian Development Company. The land having been set
apart as a forest reserve, a payment of $2,955.00, due from that
company for timber already cut, will be paid over to this Board
to form a special fund expendable for forest purposes. This is
the first instance where the section of the forest reserve law re-
lating to revenue from forest reserves has become operative.

During June an arrangement was consummated between
the government and Mr. Eben P. Low, lessee of the Island of
Kahoolawe, whereby in consideration of the remission of unpaid
rents, Mr. Low agrees to kill off all the goats on the island and
remove all of his remaining sheep during this calendar year.
Kahoolawe has been set apart as a forest reserve in order that
this Board may undertake systematic steps towards its reclama-
tion. The present action permits this work to be begun a year
sooner than would otherwise be possible.

Very respectfully,

Ralph S. Hosmer,

Superintendent of Forestry.

218

REPORT OF THE FOREST NURSERYMAN.

Honolulu, July 1, 1911.

Distribution of Plants for June.

In seed In boxes Pot

boxes. transplanted. grown. Total.

Gratis 7000 1300 750 9050

Sold 400 89 489

7000 1700 839 9539

Collections for June amounted to $33.30 on account of plants
and seed sold.

Collecting of Seed.

The Grevillea robusta and also most of the Eucalypts are now
in season, and the two men are kept busy collecting and sorting.
Some of the seed is quite difficult to collect and requires to be
watched carefully. The Grevillea robusta, for instance, must be
collected just before the seed pods begin to open ; if left too long
the pods will crack open and the seed get lost. Then again,
should the pods be picked too soon, the seed will not be good.
The same rule applies to a number of different species, and
great care is required so that the best seed may be procured.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY .

Honolulu, June 30, 1911.

Honorable Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry,
Honolulu, Hawaii.

Gentlemen: — I herewith respectfully submit my report of the
work of the Division of Entomology for the month of June.

During this month we boarded 26 vessels and we found fruit,
vegetables and plants on 16 of them.

The usual careful inspection was made of all the shipments
with the following result:

Disposal ivith principal causes : Lots Parcels.

Passed as free from pests 676 9416

Returned . 4 25

Burned 34 64

Fumigated 14 17

Total inspected 728 9522

219

Rice Shipments,

Thirty-four thousand four hundred and ninety-five bags of
rice arrived during the month, a large increase over last month's
shipments, and each consignment was carefully inspected and
found free from weevils and other pests.

Pests Intercepted.

Quite a number of small plant shipments were received dur-
ing the month and a number of Australian lemons and apples, as
well as a piece of sugar cane from Suva, Fiji, were taken from
passengers. On orchids from England we found scale insects
(Diaspis boisdavali) . On Camellias from Sydney wc found
Thrips species. On Pine tree from Japan we found some plant
bugs, a Capsus species, and on the lemons from Sydney we found
two scale insects, Chrysomphalus biformis and Chionaspis per-
mtttans. Twenty-five boxes of lemons infested with several
scale insects coming from California were returned to the shipper.

Brother M. Newell, Inspector at Hilo, reports the arrival of
five steamers and two sailing vessels, of which three steamers
brought vegetable matter consisting of 72 lots and 658 parcels,
all of which was found free from pests.

Beneficial Insects.

During the month one colony of Vedalia was sent to Molokai
and a large colony in all stages in a breeding cage to Midway
Island, as the last shipment, owing to delay, arrived in bad con-
dition. Four lots of Japanese beetle fungus was distributed.

I received a lot of pupae of the California Oak Moth (Phry-
ganidia calif ornica) , which contained parasites of caterpillars.
Unfortunately the lot did not yield many parasites, but those
which issued were liberated. Last season this same parasite;
Pimpla behrensii, was liberated in large quantities among the
cocoanut groves for the purposes of attacking the cocoanut leaf,
roller.

Interisland Inspection.

Everything is in readiness now to start a thorough inspection
between Oahu and the other islands. Since the Governor signed
Rule IX, I have selected my inspectors, Messrs. Arthur E. Car-
ter and Edward Drew, who will begin their duties on July 1st.
Printed notices to passengers will be handed them when pur-
chasing their tickets, and tags for shipment of plants are in
readiness. Large notices in English, Portuguese, Hawaiian,
and Japanese have been printed and will be placed in conspic-
uous places on the dock.

Respectfully yours,

Edw. M. Ehrhorn,

Superintendent of Entomology.

220
FOREST FIRE WARDENS.

The following appointments have recently been made by the
Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry:

District Forester.

G. O. Cooper, in and for the, District of Hana, Island of Maui.

District Fire Wardens.

Alexander Smith, in and for that portion of the District of
Hamakua, Island of Hawaii, extending from the western
boundary of the land of Paauhau to the land of Kukaiau.

Alika Dowsett, in and for the District of Honuaula and Kahi-
kinui, Island of Maui.

A. Menefoglio, in and for Wainiha Valley, District of Hale-
lea, Island of Kauai.

Byron O. Ciark, in and for Manoa Valley, District of Kona,
Island of Oahu.

H. C. Dolliver, in and for that portion of the Ewa District,
Island of Oahu, lying to the east of the main government road
between the northern boundary of the land of Manana and the
Kaukonahua Gulch.

James Gibb, in and for that portion of the Ewa District, Island
of Oahu, lying between the lands of Moanalua and Waiawa.

Sam R. Stone, in and for Palolo Valley, Island of Oahu.

Walter F. Dillingham, in and for that portion of the Ewa
District, Island of Oahu, lying to the west of the main govern-
ment road.

FORESTRY IN OUR COUNTRY SCHOOLS.

(By O. E. Huse, '12, School of Agriculture of the Pennsylvania
State College, in Penn State Farmer for May, 1911.).

Educators, at the present time, are beginning to make a more
practical application of the subjects taught in our schools and
colleges. So in considering the question of, how much forestry
is it practical to teach in our country schools, we must first
answer the question of, how much use do the pupils in our
country schools make of trees? The extent to which trees are
used varies of course with local conditions, but we can find a
number of general uses quite common to our country com-
munities.

The boy does not have to be very old before he wants a bow
and arrow, and right then we may begin to teach him the best
kind of wood for bows and arrows, how to cut the limbs from

221

the trees with the least amount of damage, and some of the most
prominent characteristics of trees. His acquaintance with the
bircn may begin still younger, mine did, and I can tell, that tree
anywhere today, because of the close acquaintance I had with it
in my youth. Nut and acorn trees, the boy knows in a general
way because of the fruit which they bear, but by building upon
his knowledge of and interest in the trees because of their fruits
he may be taught their other characteristics, their commercial
value and habits of growth. The sugar maple is distinguished
because of the quality of its sap, and here again is a basis upon
which I built a knowledge of all the maples.

Much of the damage done to nut and other trees by the boy
is done through ignorance and carelessness. If he were taught
more about trees, their seeding and growing habits, the injury
caused by making wounds in the bark; if he could set out and
raise some trees that he would feel were his own, the trees would
become such close friends of his that he would come to be their
natural protector.

Again, a few visits with proper instruction to where a house
is being built, a fence being put up, a wagon in the course of
construction, also a trip to the neighboring sawmill would give
him very valuable lessons in the uses of wood.

The problem at once arises as to who will teach the boys these
various things since the average country school teacher is not
prepared for this work. There are several ways out the difficulty.
The teacher may become informed by study with the aid of the
State and National Forestry Bureau. Excellent bulletins, deal-
ing with the teaching of forestry in country schools may be ob-
tained from the Department of Forestry at Washington, D. C.
The teacher may receive some practical help from carpenters,
carriage manufacturers and mill foremen. Undoubtedly the de-
mand for such subjects will force the normal school to offer in-
struction along this line in the near future. The normal school
is the place where teachers should be prepared for this work.
Meanwhile, we have our summer schools, such as the one at
The Pennsylvania State College, where teachers may receive ex-
cellent training in the teaching of forestry.

This article is not intended as a finished discussion of the teach-
ing of forestry in our country schools, but only as suggestive of
a way in which the country boy may get a little more out of his
school experience by becoming better acquainted with his sur-
roundings. Thus will be found life in the country more valuable
and more attractive.

WEED DESTRUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES.

From an article in the Philippine Agricultural Review \ for
February, 1911, it appears that the Plant Lantana Camara, which
is one of those known as "wild sage" in the West Indies, has

Ill

been introduced, together with other tropical American weeds
and ornamental plants, into the island of Negros, in the Philip-
pines. This plant, by its rapid spread and luxuriant growth, has
already caused trouble to agriculturists in Hawaii, where insect
pests have been introduced for the purpose of diminishing its
spread.

The measures that are proposed for the eradication of the
weed before it becomes disseminated beyond control consists in
the process of loosening the root system, which is very weak,
by means of a pick or a strong wooden stake, and then cutting
through the roots just below the collar; the plants treated in
this way are allowed to become dry in the sun, and are then
burned as soon as they are fit for this to be done.

The article draws attention to the characteristic inflorescence
of the plant, which consists of a small bunch of reddish or yel-
lowish flowers, borne near the tips of the branches ; the flowers
in the center of the bunch open first, when their color is pinkish
or yellowish, but reddish or purplish after a few days. The most
potent circumstance in the spread of the plant is the fact that
the fruits are eagerly eaten by birds, which do not, however, di-
gest the seeds.

As is well known, the plant is a perennial, and attains in the
West Indies a height of 5 to 7 feet. In Hawaii, it has been
known to grow as tall as 15 feet, but the specimens in Negros
were only 6 to 9 feet high, at the time of publication. — Agricul-
tural News.

RESISTANCE OF PLANTS TO WIND— A COTTON

PEST.

The Bulletin Agricole, of Mauritius, for February, 1911, has
an interesting note on the effects, on various plants, of the hur-
ricane that visited the island at the beginning of that month.
It states that cocoanut palms showed a useful power of resist-
ance to the wind, while the tamarind trees, although they had
attained their full leafage, merely suffered a scorching of the
leaves and soon sprouted again. In an area where much harm
was done to plants of every kind, several acres of cotton were
completely destroyed, though - generally this plant exhibited rea-
sonable behavior under the trying conditions : the wind scorched
the leaves, but new buds quickly opened ; the position in regard
to cotton is summarized by saying that this plant has proved its
possession of a power of resistance to high winds.

The note, it mav be stated also, has reference to a large snail
which is a pest of cotton in Mauritius. This, according to in-
formation contained in a letter from Mr. J. H. Lee, who is in
Mauritius on behalf of the British Cotton Growing Association,
is Achatina fulica. In regard to this animal, it is of interest that

223

an outbreak of the pest took place in Ceylon, in 1910; this is
described in Circulars and Agricultural Journal of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Ceylon, Vol. V, No. 7, where, however, it has
shown itself a scavenger rather than an enemy of plant life. —
Agricultural News.

BRACER FOR RUBBER.

Tropical Life (London) for May, in its review of the rubber
shares market, discusses a conflict between bulls and bears with
regard to the price of Para, and then goes on to brace up the
spirits of rubber investors in the following words :

"The outlook, then, is one of uncertainty ; but this consumers'
hand-to-mouth policy of buying only for immediate needs is
becoming dangerous, and must be very hampering and nerve-
racking, as in previous years it was the unquestioned policy to
hold a fair margin of stock for future demands. These demands
are going to be big. The motor industry is swallowing rubber
with enormous rapidity, and its appetite grows with eating.

"The holidays at the beginning of May, in conjunction with
a large measure of uncertainty as to the course of the material
market, has brought business in rubber shares to a compara-
tively low ebb. Meanwhile, the tide of prosperity in the rubber
industry flows steadily on ; proof of this being clearly shown by
the large number of excellent reports now coming to hand. It
is the nature of these reports — demonstrating as they do the big
dividend-earning capacity of well-placed, well-managed estates —
that makes one feel that the rubber industry is not a 'fairy's
whim,' but a sensible, solid, business-like undertaking of lasting
merit. Reading the annual reports now appearing day by day,
it is very noticeable how many of the comparatively young com-
panies are entering the ranks of the dividend payers for the
first time, with the prospect of largely increased distributions at
this time next year."

PUNA FOREST RESERVE.

Following a public hearing held on June 28, 1911, by the
Governor of the Territory and the Board of Commissioners of
Agriculture and Forestry, Governor Frear, on June 29, signed
a proclamation setting apart 19,850 acres of government forest
land in the District of Puna, Island of Hawaii, as a forest re-
serve. This proclamation is given on another page of this issue
of the Forester. The report of the Superintendent of Forestry
on this subject, approved by the Board of Agriculture and For-
estry at a meeting held on June 9, 1911, was printed in the
June number of the Forester.

224

PEOCLAMATION OF THE FOREST RESERVE IN THE DISTRICT
OF PUNA, ISLAND AND COUNTY OF HAWAII.

Under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the provisions
of Chapter 28 of the Revised Laws of Hawaii, as amended by Act 65
of the Session Laws of 1905, and by Act 4 of the Session Laws of 1907,
and of every other p'ower me hereunto enabling, I, WALTER F. FREAR,
Governor of Hawaii, with the approval of a majority of the Board of
Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, having held the hearing of
which notice has been duly given as in said acts provided, dx> hereby
SET APART as a Forest Reserve to be called the "PUNA FOREST RE-
SERVE, }1 those certain pieces of government land in the District of Puna,
Island of Hawaii, which may be described roughly as being the section
of forest lying mauka of the Kaohe Homesteads above Pahoa, and con-
taining an area of 19,850 acres, more or less, in the District of Puna,
Island and County of Hawaii, Territory of Hawaii, more particularly
described by and on a map made in June, 1911. by the Government Survey
Department 'of the Territory of Hawaii, which said map is now on file
in the said Survey Department marked Government Survey Registered
Map No. 2060 and Puna Forest Reserve, and a description accompany-
ing the same numbered C. S. F. 2248, which said description now on file
in the said Survey Department, is as follows:

PUNA FOREST RESERVE.

Including portions of the Government lands of Makuu-Kaohe, Kaimu-
Kehena and Kapaahu-Kamaili, Puna District, Island of Hawaii.

Beginning at a + marked tm the lava under a mound of stones at
North edge of the ancient cultivated grounds of Oliolimanienie, this
point being the extreme West or mauka angle of Waikahekahenui as
also of Waikahekaheiki, the common boundary point of these two lands
with Makuu, the coordinates of said -f- referred to Government Survey
Trig. Station "Olaa" being 37,071.0 feet South and 9,831.0 feet East,
as shown on Government Survey Registered Map No. 2060, and running
by true azimuths:

1. 332° 36' 30770.0 feet across the Makuu-Kaohe Government Tract to

the West corner of Lot 1 of the Kaimu Homesteads
(Thrum 's Subdivision), from which point Government Sur-
vey Trig. Station "Heiheiahulu" (old) is by true azimuths
138° 02' 30";

2. 81° 00' 5710.0 feet along Kaimu Government remainder to the

North corner of Lot 4 of the Kapaka-Kauka Homesteads;

3. 47° 35' 1177.0 feet along said lot to the West corner of said lot;

4. 47° 10' 3830.0 feet along Kaimu Government remainder to the

North corner of Lot 1 of the Kapaka-Kauka Homesteads;

5. 23* 22' 950.0 feet along Lots 1 and 2 of the Kapaka-Kauka Home-

steads to the West corner of said Lot 2;

6. 44° 30' 9440.0 feet along Kalapana-Kapaahu Government remainder

to a point on the boundary of the land of Kahaualea;

7. 148° 00' 4100.0 feet along land of Kahaualea to a place called

Kalaeolomea and Oahia marked "Z";

8. 116° 00' 8150.0 feet along land of Kahaualea to an ohia tree on top

of a sharp hill about 50 feet high the North side of which
is perpendicular; marked "K" which bears 216° 00' about
1300.0 feet from Kalalua Hill;

9. 125° 00' 24200.0 feet along land of Kahaualea to the boundary of

the land of Keaau;

225

10. Thence along the land of Keaau to the point of beginning, the ap-
proximate azimuth and distance being 239° 50' 36400.0 feet;

Area 19,850 Acres.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and
caused the Great Seal of the Territory of Hawaii to be
(Seal) affixed.

Done at the Capitol in Honolulu this 29th day of
June, A. D. 1911.

W. F. FREAR,
Governor of Hawaii.

60 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

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Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. HANDBOOK on Patents
sent free. Oldest a jency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice^ without c harg e, in the

Scientific American,

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year ; four months, $L Sold by all newsdealers.

MUNN & Co. 3e,Broadwa » New York

Branch Office. 6515 F St„ Washington, D. C. ,

Garden and Farm Tools

and Implements

To do good farming you must have up to date tools
to work with. We carry a most complete line of every-
thing needed by the small or large farmer, from the
smallest hand trowel to the largest cane plow. We
also have a good assortment of Hand, Bucket or Barrel
Sprayers. Our assortment of Hoes, Shovels, Spades,
Mattocks, Rakes, Garden Shears, Lawn Mowers, Garden
Hose, and other things that are needed daily about the
farm or garden, is most complete and our stock large.

B. (X HALL & SON, LTD.

OFFICERS AND STAFF OF THE BOARD OF COMMIS-
SIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY.
COMMISSIONERS.

Marston Campbell, President and Executive Officer.
J. M. Dowsett P, R Isenberg

H. M. von Holt Albert Waterhouse

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

Ralph S. Hosmer, Superintendent of Forestry and Chief Fire Warden.

David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman.

Joseph F. Rock, Botanical Assistant.

Bro. Matthias Newell, in charge of Sub- Nursery at Hilo, Hawaii.

Walter D. McBryde, in charge of Sub-Nursery at Homestead, Kauai,

David Kapihe, Forest Ranger for Tantalus.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Edward M. Ehrhorn, Superintendent of Entomology and Chief Inspector*
Albert Koebele, Consulting Entomologist.
Assistant Entomologist.

D. B. Kuhns, Inspector.

Fred Muir, Beneficial- Insect Collector.

Bro. M. Newell, Fruit and Plant Inspector, Hilo, Hawaii.

Robert R. Elgin, ) f Mahukona, Hawaii.

W. O. Aiken, j Honorary Fruit \ Kahului,Maui.

W. D. McBryde, \ and Plant Inspector \ Koloa, Kauai, \

Dr, W, B. Deas, | at \ Hana, Maui.

Capt. C. F.Turne J [ Kaanapali, Maui.

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

Victor A. Norgaard, Superintendent of Animal Industry and Territorial

Veterinarian.
L. N. Case, Assistant Territorial Veterinarian.

Live Stock Inspector,

H, B. Elliot, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Hilo, Hawaii.
J. C. Fitzgerald, Deputy 1 erritorial Veterinarian for Maui.
A. R. Glaisyer, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Kauai.

E. L. Glaisyer, Deputy Territorial Veterinary for Kohala and

Hamakua, Hazvaii.

CLERICAL STAFF

Miss Melika Peterson, Clerk and Stenographer.
Miss Ella K. Dayton, Librarian.
Daniel Logan, Editor of the "Forester"

PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION.

Any one or all of the publications listed below (except those marked

* ) will be sent to residents of this Territory, free, upon application to
Mailing Clerk, P. 0. Box 207, Honolulu.

BOARD.

Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry for 1900; 66 pp.
Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry for 1902 ; 88 pp.

* First Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, trom

July 1, 1903, to December 31, 1904; ] 70 pp.
Second Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the

year ending December 31, 1905; 240 pp.; 8 plates; 10 text figures.
Third Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for tht

year ending December 31, 1906; 212 pp.; 3 plates; 4 maps; 7 text figures.
Fourth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for

the calendar year ending December 31, 1907; 202 pp.; 7 plates.
Fifth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for

the calendar year ending December 31, 1908; 218 pp.; 34 plates.
Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the biennial

period ending December 31, 1910; 240 pp.; 45 plates.
"Notice to Importers," by H. E. Cooper; 4 pp.; 1903.
"Digest of the Statutes Relating to Importation, Soils, Plants, Fruits, Vegetables,

etc., into the Territory of Hawaii." General Circular No. 1; 6 pp.

PUBLICATIONS FORDISTRBUTION-ContinuecJ-

"Important Notice to Ship Owners, Fruit Importers and Others. Rules and Rer:'
tions Prohibiting the Introduction of Certain Pests and Animals into the Tern-
tory of Hawaii." General Circular No. 2 ; 3 pp.; 1904. „ Anflr „

"Law and Regulations, Importation and Inspection of Honey Bees and Honey.
General Circular No. 3 ; 7 pp.; 1908.

"The Hawaiian Forester and- Agriculturist," a monthly magazine. Vols I to VII;
1904-1910. To be obtained from the Hawaiian Gazette Co., Honolulu. Price

$1 a year. DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

* "Forest and Ornamental Tree Seed for Sale at Government Nursery." Press

* "Su B g ges e t!o n ns N ?n ^egarTio " ? Arbor Day Tree Planting Contest." Press Bulletin

"An Offer 'of Practical Assistance to Tree Planters." Circular No. 1; 6 pp.; 1905.
"Revised List of Forest and Ornamental Tree Seed for Sale at the Government
Nursery." Press Bulletin No. 3 ; 4 pp.; 1906.

* "InstrucUons for Propagating and Planting Forest Trees." Press Bulletin No.

"Instructions ^Planting Forest, Shade and Orname'htal Trees." Press Bulletin

"Na H°oakik 7 a P n P o ; ke 9 Kanu Ana i na Laau Malumalu ame na Laau Hoohiarahiwa."

Press Bulletin No. 6; 8 pp.; 1909. m

"Eucalyptus Culture in Hawaii," by Louis Margolin. Bulletin No. 1, 88 pp., 1-2

Repo?^^ 1 ^ 9 Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1905. Re-
* print from Second Report of the Board; 77 pp.; 5 Plates. -

* Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1906. Re-

print from Third Report of the Board; 123 pp. ; 4 maps-

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year endirfg December 31, 1907. Re-
print from Fourth Report of the Board; 70 pp. -n artorn v OT . q1 1Qn « a*.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1908. Ko*
nrint from Fifth Report of the Board; 85 pp.

Report of the Division of Forestry for the biennial period ending December 31,
1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 86 pp.; 22 plates.
DIVISION ON ENTOMOLOGY.

"The Leaf-Hopper of the Sugar Cane," by R. C. L. Perkins. Bulletin No. 1;

Pest and to the Stripping of Cane," by R. C. L. Perkins. Press bulletin

"A Circular of information," bv Jacob Kotinsky. Circular No. 1; 8 pp.; . 190 5-
"The Japanese Beetle Fungus," by Jacob Kotinsky and Bro. M. Newell. Circular

Rule V°il 2; «'C P o P nce C rning 19 tn e ' Prevention of Distribution of the Mediterranean Fruit

^e^Ar^i^XV^o^on of all Banana Fruit, Banana Shoots or

Report de^^ the year ^ ending December 31 19 05.

Reprint from Second Report of the Board; 68 pp.; 3 gates,. 10 text fi ^ures
*enort of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 61, lauo.

Reprint from Third Report of the Board; 25 pp.; 7 text figures
leport of the Division of Entomology for the year ending December 31, 1907.

Reprint from Fourth Report of the Board; 18 pp.; 1 Pjate.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1908.

Reprint from Fifth Report of the Board: 26 pp.;. 2 plates -.„_.„ 31

Reportof the Division of Entomology for the • b.ejmal period ending December 81,

1910 Reprint from Report of the Board; 70 pp., 10 plates.
DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

riEEcHE tl^I^ri^ne, L^^Jck 1 ^ Anders and Tuberculosis."

*^f^iis&^eilloT^ Stock in the .Territory £ „ R^e 3; 1 p. ; 1905
*"To Amend Rule 1, Inspection of Imported Live Sock »? le *» g X p " 1907 *
:^^t^^^X^!Z^^P^ it^^es and ^

^PiXS^J^&Sg to**!** endin, D— 3!, 19 05

Reprint from Second Report of the Board; 62 pp. „ QTr , w ,1 iqnfi.

Report of the Division of Animlf Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1906.
Renrint from Third Report of the Board; 41 pp.; 3 plates.

Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1907.

31, 1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 59 pp., 13 plates.

* Out of print.