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46

Vol. VIII.

AUGUST, 1911

No. 8

Price, 10c. Per Copy; Per Annum, $1.00; Foreign, $1.25.

THEf^_

Hawaiian forester

AND

Agriculturist

A MONTHLY MAGAZINE
OF

Forestry, Entomology and Agriculture

ISSUED UNDER THE DIRECTION
OF THE

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE
AND FORESTRY.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.
Entered as second-class matter at the Post office, at Honolulu, Hawafi.

ADDRESS ALL. OO M M U N I O AX I O N S TO

DANIEL. LOGAN,

EDITOR "THE FORESTER,"

P. O. BOX 366,

HONOLULU, H.T.

For business relating to advertising or subscriptions, address

Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., Publishers,
von Holt Block, 65 S. King St,, Honolulu Hawaii.

Ifr

'-&

U$y.ERSITY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Editorial 229

Division of Forestry 232

The Nursery Report 235

Division of Entomology 236

The Lemon Tariff, etc 238

School Gardening in Hawaii (MacCaughey) 240

The Milk Supply of Honolulu (Norgaard). 246

Ducks 253

School Gardens 254

Interesting Things About Coffee 254

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREE SEED AND SEEDLINGS FOR
SALE AT THE GOVERNMENT NURSERY.

The Division of Forestry keeps constantly on hand at the Govern-
ment Nursery, seed and seedlings of the important native and introduced
trees. These are sold at prices just covering the cost of collection or
growing.

The list includes both forest and ornamental trees, such as Silk Oak,
Koa, various species of Eucalyptus, Golden and Pink Showers, Pride of
India, Poinciana, Albizzia, etc. The price of the seed varies from 10
to 50 cents per ounce. The seedlings may be had for 2^ cents each,
except a few kinds which are 5 cents. Seed of the various palms is also
for sale; the price per 100 varying from $1.00 to $2.50. All seed is tested
before being sent out, which insures its being good.

All communications in regard to seed or trees should be addressed to
David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman, Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii.

RALPH S. HOSMER,
Superintendent of Forestry.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

To give information about insects free of charge is one of the duties
of this Division and Hawaiian readers are hereby invited to make in-
quiry in person and by mail. In order to be able to advise intelligently
or send the right kind of useful insects for relief we like and sometimes
it is indispensable for us to see the insect suspected or caught in the act,
also specimens of the injury. In a tin with a hole or two, or a wooden
box specimens may be mailed at 3rd class rates. When specimens are
not accompanied by letter always write your name and address in the
upper left-hand corner of the package. Address all communications
SUPERINTENDENT DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, P. O. BOX 207,
HONOLULU, HAWAII.

EDW. M. EHRHORN,

Superintendent.

THE jHAWAIIAN

P0RE6TER I AGRICULTURIST

Vol. VIII. AUGUST, 1911. No. 8.

LOOKING TO THE FUTURE.

In the July number an advance notice was given to the bulletin
of the Division of Forestry on "Eucalyptus Culture in Hawaii/'
by Louis Margolin, forest examiner of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture. While public opinion may not be prepared to sup-
port a proposition of making eucalypts a leading choice for exten-
sive tree planting, either by private or government enterprise,
there must be unanimous assent to the general remarks of Mr.
Margolin, at the beginning of his treatise, on the "Need of Local
Timber Supply." They should be turned to practical account by
every landowner in the islands. Every tree of commercial value
for which space can be spared will enhance the value of the land
upon which it stands long before the time when it shall become
mature for market purposes or for utilizing its material upon the
farm or ranch where grown. It will increase in intrinsic worth
until ready for the axe like a bond on which the coupons are left
intact until the day of redemption. As the bulletin will necessarily
have a somewhat selected circulation, the remarks to which refer-
ence is made are here reproduced :

"The Territory of Hawaii, with its extensive sugar plantations,
camps, flumes, tunnels, and irrigation ditches, uses large quan-
tities of timber and lumber. No complete statistics on this sub-
ject are available, but the following figures may be considered
as quite conservative. There were during the last three or four
years used annually in Hawaii over forty million board feet
of sawed lumber and timber, 75,000 cords of firewood, 20,000 to
25,000 railroad ties, 25,000,000 shingles and 40,000 to 50,000
fence posts. This annual consumption of wood represents a
value to the consumer of at least one and one-half million dol-
lars. With the more intensive development of the plantations,
the increase in population, the development of irrigation systems,
homesteads, and small farming, and the further extension of
roads and power lines, the consumption of lumber will constantly
increase. The problem of finding an adequate source of supply
of wood becomes, therefore, of paramount importance to the
future growth of the country.

"The native Hawaiian forest is entirely inadequate to meet the
demand for lumber consumed in the Territory. Although the

230

Islands have an extremely rich and varied flora, there are few
native trees of commercial value. Few native trees-average more
than 10 to 12 inches in diameter or more than 50 feet in height,
and the clear merchantable length of such trees is too small to
be of any practical use for lumber. A dozen or more different
species of native trees are used locally for various purposes, but
the ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) and the koa {Acacia
koa) are the only two timber trees in the Territory which, because
of their size and abundance, have any commercial importance.
Of these two species, koa is primarily a cabinet wood, leaving
ohia lehua as the only all-around native timber tree; and there
is not enough of this tree to affect the situation materially. With
few exceptions the chief use of the native forests is to conserve
the water supply and regulate the stream flow, and their impor-
tance as a source of timber supply, except in a few restricted dis-
tricts, is entirely negligible.

"The timber supply of the continental United States at the pres-
ent rate of consumption can not last for a long time. As the
supply of timber diminishes, export lumber from the United States
may be expected to reach practically prohibitive prices for many
uses. The trees native to the continental United States are all
of comparatively slow growth. The more valuable pines and
hardwoods require not less than 75 to 100 years to form trees big
enough for lumber. It takes at least 30 to 35 years to grow tie
timber, and even this rate of growth is restricted to only a few
species. The rapid-growing Eucalyptus can be grown in the
continental United States on only comparatively small areas in
central and southern California, Arizona, southern Texas, and
southern Florida.

"The Territory of Flawaii can not, therefore, depend indefinitely
on the rest of the United States for its supply of lumber. Neither
can it depend to any large extent on foreign countries. On the
contrary, located as the islands are, and with a climate favorable
to rapid growth, Hawaii, in course of time, should be able to ex-
port to the United States an ever-increasing supply of hardwood.

"Fuel wood of a low grade can be grown in Hawaii in five or
six years, but trees of this age have very little value. Trees suit-
able for fence posts, railroad ties, and lumber, as well as for the
better grades of firewood, require a much longer period to mature.
Even the more rapid-growing species of eucalyptus and iron-
woods, although growing faster than most hardwoods, require a
number of years to reach a size which renders them fit for use
as timber trees. The mistake in the past has been that trees were
cut which were too young. Systematic tree planting in Hawaii
can not, therefore, begin too soon, for the earlier the forests are
established the less hardship will be experienced when the supply
of timber becomes less abundant.

"In short, an increasing supply of inexpensive lumber is essen-
tial to the proper growth and development of the Hawaiian

231

Islands. The native forests are entirely inadequate both in ex-
tent and character to furnish this supply. The continental United
States is approaching a time when it will be no longer in a posi-
tion to export cheap lumber to Hawaii. The Islands can grow
their own lumber supply before the timber scarcity comes, pro-
vided immediate planting is done on a commercial scale."

What our Washington correspondent says about the lemon
tariff ought to furnish an argument in favor of an equitable degree
of protection for American coffee. Free coffee is little different
from the actual subsidizing of the coffee industry of Brazil, and
anyone familiar with the practice of the grocery trade knows that
coffee is used like trading stamps to fertilize general business, so
that no one probably thinks seriously that a small duty on coffee
would materially, if at all, make the breakfast table dearer. Mr.
McChesney's article in the July number gave a good insight into
the advantage Brazil takes of the defenseless condition of the
American coffee producer. Properly encouraged, Hawaii and
Porto Rico could supply the country with at least a very large
proportion of the best qualities of coffee which the home con-
sumption demands.

That it was really a great work that a majority of the former
Board of Supervisors accomplished when they passed the milk
ordinance now in force, after having had a previous draft bill suc-
cessfully vetoed with the aid of legal talent hired by a group of
dairymen, following up this victory over ignorance, prejudice and
hired forensics by gaining the willing cooperation of the Board
of Agriculture and Forestry and voting all the funds requested
for the Territorial veterinary services required, is amply demon-
strated by the comprehensive report of results made by Dr. Nor-
gaard which is printed in this number. It is gratifying to know
that the three public boards mentioned in the report are still
cooperating in the cause of pure and wholesome milk as well as
the welfare of the dairy industry itself.

In its June number the Tropical Agriculturist quotes from the
Indian Trade Journal a portion of the bulletin on "Peanuts in
Hawaii" of the Hawaii Experiment Station.

An article from the Philippine Agriculturist and Forester for
January on "Activities of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment
Station" is being serially reprinted by the Tropical Agriculturist
(Ceylon). It says in opening that the government of the Dutch
East Indies must be given the honor of having maintained the
most advanced activity in tropical agriculture, but a little farther
on asserts, "But the most foremost rival of Java today is Hawaii."

232

An editorial abstract is given by the Agricultural News (West
Indies) of a Memorandum on the Principles and Methods of
Rural Education, issued by the Board of Education of England.
It is interesting to note, apropos of Professor MacCaughey's
paper in this number, that the publication mentioned lays much
importance on the school garden, also on secondary schools such
as legislation of this year contemplates establishing in this Terri
tory, where agricultural training will be combined with other
education.

As this number goes to press, no appointment of a marketing
superintendent has been made. According to the daily press,
there is political opposition to Mr. Starrett, the California expert
who has gone over the ground and made an illuminating report
en the market possibilities, upon the ground that he is not a
citizen of Hawaii. If such a principle had obtained here in the
past, either with public or private interests, where would the
present boasted development of these islands, which is famed the
world around, be?

L. Lewton-Brain, formerly micrologist at the experiment station
of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, is now director of
agriculture in the Federated Malay States. With his assump-
tion of the office the department has been extended, he having
seven assistants where his predecessor had practically the whole
work on his shoulders. Mr. Lewton-Brain took the position about
the time that F. T. P. Waterhouse visited the Malay States a few
months ago to look over the rubber plantations in which the
Waterhouse Company, Ltd., is heavily interested.

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

Honolulu, August 4, 1911.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Hono-
lulu, T. H.

Gentlemen : — I have the honor to submit the report of the Divi-
sion of Forestry for the- month of July, 1911.

During the first ten days of the month my own time was given
to the preparation of reports to the Board on the sale of awa
from forest reserves and an application for a water license in
Kau, to correcting the final proofs of the Eucalyptus bulletin,' and
to other routine work.

TRIP TO LANAI.

From July 11 to 15 I visited the island of Lanai to inspect, at
the request of the Lanai Company, a forest fence now being built

233

on that island and to confer with the manager of the Lanai Ranch
in regard to other forest matters.

EUCALYPTUS BULLETIN.

On July 24 there was issued as Bulletin No! 1 of the Division
of Forestry, Mr. Louis Margolin's "Eucalyptus Culture in Ha-
waii, " an illustrated report of 80 pages, the result of the study
of the planted groves of eucalyptus in Hawaii, carried on jointly
by this Board and the Forest Service of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture during the winter and spring months of 1910. An
edition of 3000 copies was printed. The bulletin is being generally
distributed to persons throughout the Territory and on our foreign
mailing list. This bulletin should prove of no small value to
forest planters in Hawaii, as it brings together all the data now
available in regard to growing eucalyptus in this Territory.

FEDERAL EXPERIMENTAL PLANTING.

In this connection it is appropriate to note that the Forest Ser-
vice has continued its allotments of former years for experimental
forest planting in Hawaii, by granting the sum of $700 for the
liscal year ending June 30, 1912. The greater part of this money
will be expended in continuing the experimental planting of
cucalypts new to Hawaii, started last spring in Nuuanu Valley.

TREE CUTTING ON TANTALUS.

In response to a petition signed by a number of property own-
ers on Tantalus Heights, arrangements were made about the mid-
dle of the month with the county road authorities to fell the trees
overhanging the road through the eucalyptus forest. I personally
marked the trees to be cut. They are now being taken out. As
with the trees blown down by the heavy winds of last February,
these trees will be cut up into cordwood and sold, the money so
received going into the treasury as a government realization.
Earlier in the month a few large eucalypts were felled to provide
long timbers for the use of the Hawaiian Dredging Company.

FOREST FIRES.

On July 24 a forest fire was reported by Mr. Arthur K. Jones,
manager of the Leilehua Ranch, as burning on the land of Hele-
manu in the Waialua district, Oahu. The local authorities were
at once notified and in the evening I went out to Wahiawa, going
up early the next morning to the scene of the fire, in company
with Mr. W. M. Templeton, the district fire warden, and Mr.
George Cruickshank, head luna of the Waialua plantation. The
fire had burned over between 125 and 150 acres of grass and

234

forest land, starting on a flat topped ridge between the Helemanu
and Opaeula gulches and burning down a little way into the
forested gulches on either side. From the evidence obtainable the
fire had apparently been started from a lighted match or cigarette
stub thrown thoughtlessly into the dry grass by one of a squad
of cavalrymen, w r ho were making a reconnoissance survey. The
fire started near a camp of a detachment of the Engineer Corps.
These men turned out and fought the fire, checking its spread
on the ridge. A heavy dew at night fortunately prevented its
further advance, the fire stopping just at the edge of the heavy
woods in the gulch. A good many young trees on the fiat were
killed by the fire in the grass. A number of logs were finally
extinguished on the 25th by laborers sent up from the Waialua
plantation.

Since the 25th three more grass fires have been reported from
Wahiawa, all apparently caused by the carelessness of smokers
in dropping fire into a bed of dry grass. It is the opinion of the
men on the ground that soldiers are to blame for most of these
recent fires.

On July 26, smoke from a fire for burning brush at the moun-
tain house of Mrs. Edward Damon caused an alarm to be given
that a forest fire had started on the ridge above Moanalua. After
considerable telephoning and a trip to Moanalua it was found out
that no danger was to be apprehended.

PROSPECTIVE TREE PLANTING.

From a number of sources come reports that arrangements are
being made on the part of plantation and ranch interests to do.
extensive tree planting during the winter months of 1911-12. At
the government nursery considerable lots of ironwoods have been
started to supply the probable demand later in the year. A little
later a good supply of eucalyptus seedlings will also be got
ready. But persons or corporations desiring to obtain trees from
the government nursery in large numbers would do well to file
their applications at once.

Very truly yours,

Ralph S. Hosmer,
Superintendent of Forestry.

235
THE NURSERY REPORT.

Honolulu, July 31, 1911.
R. S. Hosmer, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry, Honolulu, T. H.
Dear Sir : — The principal work done during the month of July

is as follows :

NURSERY.

Distribution of Plants.

Gratis

Sold

In seed In boxes
boxes transplanted
10,000 1,200

Pot

grown

288

130

Total
11,488
130

10,000 1,200 418 11,618

Collections for July amounted to $3010.15, $55.15 of which
was on account of plants and seed sold and $2955 on account of
" Preservation, Extension, etc., Forestry and Forest Reserves (see
sec. 385, R. L.)," payment for timber cut in Puna, Hawaii, by
the Hawaiian Development Company, under logging license Janu-
ary 10, 1910.

COLLECTION OF SEED.

The collecting of Grevillea robust a, also species of the Eucalyp-
tus and Casuarina, has constituted the principal work during the
month.

EXPERIMENT GARDEN, MAKIKI.

The two men were employed in the following work: Trans-
planting seedlings, mixing and sterilizing soil, etc.

U. S. EXPERIMENTAL PLANTING IN NUUANU VALLEY.

Since the beginning of the month one man has been employed,
his work being planting and hoeing. A portable tool shed and
shelter hut was built in sections at the nursery and it has been
placed near the middle of the tract to be planted. This hut will
serve for a tool shed and also a shelter for the men during heavy
rains.

Seven half-acre and two third-acre plots have been planted
with the following trees, each plot containing one species :

Half-acre plots— Eucalyptus corynacalyx planted, Eucalyptus
microtheca planted, Eucalyptus gonicalyx planted, Eucalyptus
melanophloia planted, Eucalyptus Smithii planted, Eucalyptus
leucoxylon planted, Eucalyptus tereticornis planted ; also one plot
partly planted with Eucalyptus pilularis.

236

Third-acre plots — Eucalyptus crebra planted, Eucalyptus loxo-
phelba planted.

The assistance of the men from the nursery and Makiki station
was given for six days. This was done for the purpose of paying
back labor which the Federal men did in assisting us during the
early part of the year*

Very respectfully,

David Haughs,
Forest Nurseryman.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Honolulu, July 31, 1911.

Honorable Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry,
Honolulu, Hawaii.

Gentlemen: — I herewith respectfully submit my report of the
work of the Division of Entomology for the month of July.

During this month we boarded 34 vessels and we found fruit,
vegetables and plants on 15 of them.

The usual careful inspection was made of all the shipments
with the following results :

Disposal zvith principal causes. Lots Parcels

Passed as free from pests 864 14,727

Burned 9 21

Fumigated 5 9

Returned 1 1

Total inspected 879 14,758

RICE SHIPMENTS.

During the month there arrived 29,638 bags of rice, of which
6227 bags arriving on the China on July 7 were found to be in-
fested with the larvae of a moth, probably Pyralis farinalis, a
very common cosmopolitan pest. On July 15 another shipment
of rice arrived on the Manchuria and although the shipment was
much cleaner than that on the China we found 2367 bags infested
with the same pest. We notified the consignees of the condition
of the rice and as we could not return the rice we ordered it all
fumigated. It was placed in the tight rooms on the channel
dock and subjected to the fumes of carbon-bisulphide for five
days and when we examined it we found all the larvae black and
partly dried. All the consignees cabled to Japan immediately to
prevent further shipments from being made unless they were first
fumigated there, and I am pleased to say that the last shipment
of rice arrived in clean condition.

237

PESTS INTERCEPTED.

During this month rice shipments were found infested with
several pests, which at this season of the year is to be expected,
but as stated elsewhere all infested rice was not passed until
thoroughly fumigated, the consignees bearing all expenses.

Jn a shipment of plants from Japan we found a large nest of
ants in all stages which were thoroughly subjected to fumigation.

BENEFICIAL INSECTS.

Eight lots of Japanese beetle fungus were distributed during
the month.

I received a cable from Midway Island advising me of the
arrival in good condition of the colony of vedalia which was sent
last month.

Brother M. Newell, Inspector at Hilo, reports the arrival of six
steamers and two sailing vessels of which four steamers brought
vegetable matter consisting of 125 lots and 1631 parcels. Seven
crates of plums were destroyed on account of a fungus.

INTER-ISLAND INSPECTION.

On July 1 we started two inspectors on inter-isiand inspection,
Mr. A. E. Carter *as inspector and Mr. Ed. Drew as assistant.
It is very gratifying to be able to report that we have found the
people very much interested in our work and most of them avoid
taking any fruit along and only occasionally do we find someone
who did not know about the new regulation. We have had notices
printed in English, Portuguese, Hawaiian and Japanese, and all
passengers when purchasing a ticket receive a notice printed in
English and Japanese, stating that no fruits, melons, vegetables
or roots grown on Oahu can be taken to any of the other islands.
Also that no soil or plants with soil can be taken and all such
must first be submitted to the Superintendent of Entomology
who will attach a tag if they are found free from pests.

Five thousand copies of Rule IX, regarding the inter-island
inspection, have been printed and quantities distributed.

The advisory committee appointed by the Board to take up the
fight of the Mediterranean fruit fly, of which I am chairman,
have been able to cooperate with the existing machinery of the
Board of Health and of the garbage department of the city gov-
ernment and everything is now being done to reduce the pest by
clean culture methods, and some very encouraging reports have
already been received, showing a marked reduction of the pests
in certain localities.

Respectfully submitted,

Edw. M. Ehrhorn,
Superintendent of Entomology.

238

THE LEMON TARIFF AND THE SAN DIEGO
EXPOSITION.

(The Forester Correspondence.)

Washington, Aug. 12. — The farmer and fruitgrower is likely
to feel that he is too often discriminated against by the railroads,
by the tariff, by the commission men, by almost everyone with
whom he comes into contact. He has so Jong been pictured as a
"rube" who readily buys green goods and gold bricks that he is
tempted to think, at times, that even Uncle Sam looks on him
in that light. For years the farmers have been asking for the
same measure of protection in the tariff that has been accorded
freely to the laboring man and the manufacturer. Has he got it ?
Not always. Occasionally the man who tills the soil has got some-
thing but it has been hard won, and no sooner did he get it than
powerful forces were arrayed to snatch it away from him.

Take a concrete case. In Florida and California the climate
was found to be suitable for growing oranges and lemons.
Enterprising pioneers in both states took up the new lines with
enthusiasm. They met with many discouragements and setbacks.
There were insect pests, frosts, droughts, scarcity and high cost
of labor, unknown problems to solve, years to wait for returns,
and competition from foreign lands when other problems had all
been reduced and success achieved. Orange growing reached a
stage where the home growers controlled the market and com-
petition was little feared. Lemon growing continued to be a hard
fight although the problem of producing a better lemon than the
imported had been solved and 50 per cent, of the home market
was supplied by home-grown lemons. The extension of the mar-
ket was checked because the importers, with cheap home labor
and cheap ocean freights, could, and did, keep the American fruit
from reaching the seaboard whenever they wished to do so.

Congress wanted to give the American growers an even break,
and added one-half cent per pound to the tariff on lemons, or
about one and one-half cents a dozen, one-eighth of a cent on
each lemon. During the hottest portion of the summer lemons
sold in Washington at 10 and 20 cents a dozen. No one found
any complaint with this except the Italian importers in New York
City. They started in at once to raise a slush fund to fight the
tariff. The growers in Sicily and Italy agreed to pay from 5 to
10 cents on each box of lemons imported into the United States
to help fight the tariff. They began a campaign to arouse the
American public to a belief that it was being wronged, and to in-
fluence Congress to remove the tariff on lemons. Congressmen
were appealed to by the agents of the importers, the pushcart
men and the retail fruit dealers. Untruthful petitions were cir-
culated, so untruthful that their mendacity was evident at a glance.
One form of petition refers to the "burdensome duty on lemons,"

239

alleged to be "for the purpose of doubling the wealth of ten or a
dozen millionaires of California, and also for the purpose of pay-
ing the wages of tens of thousands of Japanese soldiers who ex-
clusively monopolize the labor of the California lemon orchards,
thus depriving American laborers of opportunity of labor and
wages."

This is very absurd, as well as false. To patronize the foreign
lemon growers and steamship companies would be better, the
importers think, than to patronize American railroads, American
orchardists and American labor. Japanese are employed to a very
small extent in the region where lemons grow. If there were
enough white labor they would not be employed at all. Moreover,
oranges and lemons are now grown in Arizona, Texas, Florida,
Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia.

Such petitions as those just referred to have been circulated
at Atlantic coast summer resorts by "barkers," such as those who
attract attention to the shows at seaside amusement parks, and
many small boys signed them. Posters have also been displayed
by these Sicilian agents charging the "high cost of living" on the
lemon tariff, which would not cost the average person one cent in
a year, if anything at all, for lemons have actually been cheaper
this year than they were before the duty was increased, so that
the dealers (who are really at the mercy of the importers), are
promising a great deal if they promise to reduce the cost of lemons
in case the present tariff is repealed.

The fact is that the duty was not a serious burden to the im-
porters until very recently because the execution of the customs
regulations permitted them to claim, and to obtain, a rebate for
alleged rotten fruit, amounting sometimes to fifty per cent, of
the cargo, which they were clever enough to sell afterward as
first-class, sound fruit. This has been stopped. A close observer
in Washington said recently :

"What the government has lost in customs frauds will never
be known, but as Collector Wm. Loeb, Jr., has shown at New
York alone, the sum must reach many millions of dollars. Im-
porters have shown the greatest cunning as well as unscrupulous-
ness. They have had to refund millions of dollars to the Treasury
Department. Some of the Italian importers were sent to jail.
The Italian lemon importers are the latest to have been circum-
vented, but the government had to revise the regulations for the
importation of lemons in order to head them off, and it took
eight months to find out how to meet the case. Aided by an
almost unlimited 'slush fund' put. up by the Sicilian lemon grow-
ers, and by very shrewd and resourceful lawyers who are spend-
ing money lavishly to buy magazine and newspaper space, the
Italian importers are now seeking to have the tariff revised in
their interest. This is not the first time foreign interests have
tried to shape legislation in Congress, but it is one of the boldest. "

The way the Treasury Department stopped the importers from

240

obtaining too big an allowance for decayed fruit was to make
the estimates for rot on the samples displayed for sale. Almost
cdiy disinterested person would say that this was fair, but the
importers protested wildly and vehemently. The Treasury De-
partment, however, thought mere noise no argument, and the
amount of money collected has increased.

The fact is, the tiller of the soil will have to be considered when
it comes to fixing up a list of producers who must have a fair
share of protection. Legislation by Congress should be for the
benefit of the people Congress represents, and not for the benefit
of Sicily, Japan, Mexico, Spain, or any other country.

One reason why many men, after retiring from business under-
take orange and lemon culture is the romantic interest attaching
to it in a land where winter is unknown. But they need some
profit to keep them interested in their work. Unless the efforts
of the importers to cripple the industry in California shall suc-
ceed, the orange and lemon groves of that State will prove to be
among the most interesting things the visitors to the 1915 Pan-
ama Exposition in San Diego and San Francisco will see.

SCHOOL GARDENING IN HAWAII AS RELATED TO
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

Vaughan MacCaughey, the College of Hawaii.

(Read at the Convention of the National Education Association,
San Francisco, 1911.)

The general nature of school-garden work in Hawaii has been
stated in a paper published in the Southern Workman, July,"
1910, and later reprinted as a bulletin of the College of Hawaii.
The present discussion will be confined to the particular relation-
ships, in Hawaii, between school-gardening and agricultural edu-
cation in general.

In order to understand the educational situation in Hawaii,
with reference to school-gardens, one must know the general con-
ditions of life. The population of Hawaii consists, approximate-
ly, of 35,000 Hawaiians and part-Hawaiians ; 27,000 Latins,
chiefly Portuguese; 95,000 Orientals, chiefly Japanese; and
12,000 Teutons, chiefly Americans and English. The natives have
been farmers and fisher-folk since the dawn of their history.
Indeed, the nature of their island world was such that there were
no other means of livelihood. Their food supply came almost
wholly from the fertile lowlands that engirdle the islands, and
from the bounteous ocean. 'The limited area of the islands
restricted nomadism ; the entire lack of large game cut of! hunt-
ing ; and the absence of grazing domestic animals prevented pas-
toral life." The Hawaiian was compelled, perforce, to accept a
staple, agricultural existence.

The Americans and English have been the exploiters, devel-

241

opers, promoters, of the agricultural resources of the islands.
To their ability is due the phenomenal growth of the sugar in-
dustry, which has systematically fostered the importation of large
masses of cheap labor, mainly the Orientals and Latins above
mentioned. The sugar industry was also the main factor in the
annexation of Hawaii by the United States. The immigrants
brought in to supply the plantations were naturally drawn from
agricultural classes, accustomed to country life and to farm labor.
They live very simply, receive small wages and raise large fami-
lies, as do similar classes the world over.

The indigenous and immigrant population of Hawaii is there-
fore, by both heredity and necessity, almost entirely agricultural.
Living on a relatively low plane of life, they have desired but
scant education for their children. With the exception of those
in Honolulu and Hilo (the only cities in the Territory), the
schools are country schools, usually near sugar plantations. With
the exception of a few large ones in the above-named cities, the
schools are almost entirely primary schools, covering only the
work of the first four grades. Of the 20,245 pupils in the public
schools in 1910, 17,369 were in grades one to four, inclusive ;
2,486 in grades five to eight, inclusive ; and but 254 in high schools.
There is but one first-grade public high school in the Territory.

In 1910 the nationalities of the children in the public schools
was as follows : Hawaiian and part-Hawaiian, 30% ; Orientals,
40%; Latins, 20%; Teutons and others, 10%. Hawaii's great
school problem is therefore to furnish primary education to non-
English-speaking peoples of the lower classes. It is in the solu-
tion of this problem that the schoolgarden, as a part of agricul-
tural education, can play so important a role.

Agricultural education, in the strict sense of the word, has
never received adequate attention in Hawaii's schools, no more
than it has in other school systems. The reasons are the same
here as elsewhere — inappreciation of manual activities, lack of
trained teachers, etc. In addition, the necessity for teaching
English to non-English-speaking peoples has tended to make the
curriculum lean toward drill work in language.

The majority of the white men who first came to the islands
were unfamiliar with agricultural processes, especially those con-
nected with tropical agriculture, and for a long time had little in-
terest in it. The sugar industry, and other farming enterprises,
are managed by large corporations on the plantation system, em-
ploying principally alien labor. In Hawaii there has never devel-
oped a permanent community of white farmers working their
own land ; indeed, social and industrial conditions have been pro-
hibitive to such development. There are no "farmers' children"
in the sense in which that phrase is used on the mainland; there
is no "country life" equivalent to that of "the states."

The white people have, in general, favored the education of the
lower classes along industrial lines, for several reasons: to fur-

242

nish indigenous skilled labor for the various trades, thus making
them independent of the more expenive coast supply ; and be-
cause of a prevalent attitude that the American public school edu-
cation was not suited for, in fact might be considered "too good"
for, the children of the lower classes.

Principal Edgar Wood, of the Territorial Normal and Train-
ing School, is strongly urging the adoption of the following sys-
tem of industrial education, with which school-garden enterprises
will be closely articulated :

"There is at the present time considerable agitation throughout
the United States, in fact in most countries where the develop-
ment depends upon the agricultural resources and the belated
industries, toward the establishment of continuation schools of
the industrial type. This agitation seems to be in a general way
taking hold of Hawaii. Many of our leading citizens have ex-
pressed their belief that such schools would be applicable to our
conditions, and would prove of great benefit in training boys and
girls, who have passed the compulsory school age, into productive
workers of the community. It is believed that these schools would
tend to greatly reduce the number of boys and girls now in our
reformatory schools. * * *

"A plan is proposed which in brief asks for the establishment,
on each of the four islands, Kauai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii, of
schools contiguous to important centers of industry. These
schools to give instruction in agriculture, home economics, trade
and industries. This instruction to be given in field, garden,
kitchen and shops, and to be of such a practical nature as to enable
the pupils at the end of the course to take up work in connection
with the respective industries at remunerative wages.

"The type school for such a system is as follows: A school
shall be established in a given locality when twenty-five students
can be assured. The attendance of all boys and girls between
the ages of 14 and 18, both inclusive, who are not otherwise
wisely and profitably employed,' shall be required. It shall be
incumbent upon all parents, guardians and others having the
responsibility and care of children of all ages, to send them to
the school established in the locality if they are within four miles,
or farther if suitable transportation is provided. Others may
attend at the discretion of the Department of Public Instruc-
tion, e. g., men who may wish to improve as workers.

"The equipment of the school shall consist of : A farm of not
less than 25 acres, to be increased in proportion to the number
of boys attending by two and one-half acres per boy, and to be
equipped with essential hand-tools. Shops equipped to meet the
needs of the industries of the environment. Residence buildings
provided with sanitary and culinary equipment for properly hous-
ing and feeding the pupils.

"Students shall be remunerated for their work in accordance
with current value, to be determined by some schedule such as

243

time, profit-sharing, or piecework. Students shall work the first
two years on the farm or in the shops of the school, and the last
two years one-half of each day in the fields or shops of the in-
dustry of the locality. The rest of the day will be devoted to
the study of related academic subjects — mathematics, ^geography
or industry, reading and writing. - v

'The Department of Public Instruction will engage and pay
all instructors. The industry will supply lands, buildings and
equipment, and pay the students working for them in fields, shops,
etc. The school shall cultivate the land set apart by the industry
and pay the pupils out of the proceeds of the crop." -(From
Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1910.)

The majority of the country schools are on areas of land suf-
ficiently large to permit the development of school-gardens. Such
gardens are encouraged by the Department of Public Instruction,
and in many cases the teachers themselves are, by training, pro-
ficient gardeners. It is noteworthy that of the total 501 public
school teachers, 225 are Hawaiians or part-Hawaiians ; 41 Portu-
guese, and 18 Orientals.

In general the school gardens of Hawaii differ markedly from
those of the mainland, in that they are not divided into individual
plots, but are common property, the individual pupils not having
specific areas. This is doubtless due to several factors — the over-
crowded condition of many rural schools, making individual as-
signments impracticable, and to the fact that many of our most
important and interesting crops are long-season plants. Indeed
many of the mainland annuals are perennial, or nearly so, here,
for example, cabbage, parsley, eggplant, peppers, tomatoes, etc.
Moreover, the school-gardens of Hawaii are rural rather than
urban, and there is lacking that brisk demand for garden plots
that characterizes our city populace.

The School Fund Commission, in its recent report, makes the
following statement regarding agricultural work in the public
schools : "Nine thousand three hundred and nine pupils engaged
m gardening. Practically all children doing some yard work.
More than 125 schools actively engaged in agricultural work,
two schools planting sugar-cane on commercial basis. Work
consists of clearing and preparing land, keeping grounds in order,
vegetable-gardening, flower-gardening, tree planting. The plants
most commonly raised are taro, potatoes, tomatoes, pineapple,
cabbage, carrots, parsley, egg-plant, lettuce, corn, onions, string
beans, beets, cucumbers, melons, turnips, sisal, various flowers.
The trees and ornamentals most commonly planted are silver oak,
monkey-pod, bougainvillea, algaroba, pride of India, pepper-tree,
orange, avocado, banana, poinciana, palms of various species,
ironwood, eucalyptus, camphor, lemon, lime, mangb, papaia."

Prizes have been effectively used as a stimulus to agricultural
work in the public schools. Mr. C. E. Copeland, of Wailuku,
Maui, says "that in 1907 the Evening Bulletin offered five prizes

244

of twenty-five dollars each. Some twenty-five schools entered the
contest, the pupils reporting weekly, under the following heads:
the work done, condition of soil, name of crop grown, methods
of cultivation, watering, weeding, etc. ; amount of growth made,
extermination of pests, and general remarks. At the close of the
season a tabulated statement of work done and results obtained
was rendered. The vegetables grown were selected from the fol-
lowing list: lettuce, onions, cabbage, beets, tomatoes, beans, egg-
plant, carrots, cucumbers, turnips, melons, sweet potatoes, pars-
ley, Japanese cabbage and peppers. Official committees awarded
the prizes at the various exhibits. The competition was very satis-
factory to all concerned, and demonstrated that in many, if not
all, of our schools, vegetable gardening can be successfully done.

"All of our pupils have abundant opportunity for outdoor work
and play all the year round. Practically all have space and means
at home to grow flowers and plants. Practically all take advan-
tage of these opportunities. The fondness of the Hawaiians for
trees and flowers is well known ; the Portuguese are mostly agri-
culturalists and gardeners, and many of the Japanese are expert
horticulturalists. Thus it happens that the most of our pupils are
already familiar with the growth of vegetables, flowers and trees.
The teacher's chief work in agriculture is to guide the pupil in the
application of knowledge already possessed ; to encourage their
natural fondness for plant life ; to develop in them a desire to
own and cultivate the land ; to form habits of thrift and industry,
and to make the school premises models of neatness, order and
sympathy upon which they may pattern their own dooryards."

In addition to this gardening work of the elementary grades,
agricultural work of a more advanced nature is carried on regu-
larly in the industrial schools. The Lahainaluna School reports
systematic classroom studies of soils and fertilizers ; the various
economic plants, their culture and uses : care of farm animals,
and studies in economic entomology. The students supply the
commissariat with a variety of vegetables and fruits. In addition
to the smaller gardens there are large plantings of sorghum, sisal,
pineapples and upland taro.

The Boys' Reform School reports the following plantings since
May, 1910: Taro, 13 acres ; bananas, 2 ; sweet potatoes, 8; squash,
3.5 ; other vegetables, 2 ; alfalfa, 2 ; other grasses, 3 ; sorghum and
corn, 1 : cotton, 1 ; sugar cane, 30. The methods employed are
those of a modern diversified farm, the boys doing the work under
competent instruction.

The farm department of the Hilo Boarding School is well
organized, with an agricultural-colleee graduate at its head.
Thirty acres of land are under cultivation. The farm contributes
nearly half of the upkeep of the dining hall. The main crops
are taro, bananas, pineapples, broom corn, cowpeas, vegetables,
fruits and fodder. The Federal Experiment Station has just
established a sub-station on land adjoining the school farm, and
the work on this station is to be done by the school.

245

The Territorial Normal and Training School, at Honolulu,
gives a large place to nature-study, elementary agriculture and
school gardening. A portion of the school's land is laid off into
gardens, and here the cadets are given practical instruction in the
raising of crops. They are also instructed in the supervision of
garden-work, pupils from the grades carrying on work under
their direction. The crops are used by the domestic science de-
partment in the preparation of the noon lunches, which are sold
at cost price to the pupils and teachers. In the kitchen the cadet
is thoroughly trained in the best methods of cooking and serving
the products of her labor in the garden. The kitchen is on a self-
supporting basis. Some typical lunches, illustrating the use of
garden-products, are as follows: 1, tomato soup, mince pie; 2,
meat stew, papaia sherbet, buttercup cake ; 3, vegetable salad,
creamy rice pudding ; 4, corn chowder, strawberry ice cream, cake.

In the classroom, the cadets are given subject-matter and
methods of teaching the important economic plants and animals,
and similar subjects comprising elementary agriculture. The
plants include such types as banana, cotton, coffee, guava, papaia,
rice, sugar-cane, sisal, taro. The industrial phases of crop-pro-
duction are emphasized, the studies including all of the stages
from the selection and preparation of the land to the final trans-
portation and marketing of the crop.

Teachers who are interested in school-garden work can avail
themselves of assistance from a number of sources. The Col-
lege of Hawaii offers two correspondence courses in this field,
one in plant life, another in practical horticulture. The Normal
School in 1910 issued a ''Synopsis of Nature-study Work for the
Elementary Schools of Hawaii," of 150 pages. The publications
of the Federal Experiment Station contain much practical infor-
mation. The Department of Public Instruction issues a monthly,
"Hawaii's Young People," a portion of which covers nature-study
subjects. The Territorial Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry
furnishes seedling trees, vegetable seeds and similar material
gratis to teachers.

The school-gardens of Hawaii are a part of the forward move-
ment in education. They are supplanting the medieval bookish-
ness of former days. They stand for the beauty and dignity of
real things. They are simple. They are within the child's realm.
Their pleasant influences reach into his heart through the happy
labor of his hands. They typify fundamental institutions.

The school garden has a broad outlook toward life. It is
optimistic. It is bound to survive.

240
THE MILK SUPPLY OF HONOLULU.

Report by the Territorial Veterinarian on the Milk Supply of the
City and County of Honolulu zvith Special Reference to
Bovine Tuberculosis among the Dairy Herds of the Terri-
tory, addressed to the Territorial Board of Health and the
Board of Supervisors of the City and County of Honolulu, by
direction of the Territorial Board of Agriculture and For-
estry.

Honolulu, July 17, 1911.

Gentlemen : — By direction of the president of the Board of
Agriculture and Forestry and especially by the Committee on
Animal Industry of this Board, I have the honor to submit here-
with a report on the present state of health of the dairy animals
of the City and County of Honolulu as bearing upon the local
milk supply.

This report is based upon the work carried on by the Division
of Animal Industry for the past year or more in an attempt to
regulate the local milk supply in accordance with an ordinance
passed by the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of
Honolulu, under date of March 21, 1910, which ordinance, among
other specifications, requires that all dairy animals from which
milk is obtained for human consumption must have passed the
tuberculin test.

When this ordinance was under consideration it was a well
known fact that tuberculosis was prevalent among the cattle in a
number of local dairies, for which reason a public meeting was
called in order to allow the dairymen to express their opinions as
to the advisability of including the tuberculin test among the re-
quirements for a wholesome milk supply, as enumerated in the
various, more or less stringent, specifications of the ordinance.
The measure was favored by a majority of the dairymen present,
and especially by those who had already inaugurated a system
of eradication, that is by the up-to-date and progressive milk
producers, who realized that, sooner or later, the disease would
have to be dealt with as a prohibitive factor, the presence of which
was incompatible with a wholesome milk supply.

In order, however, not to make the ordinance oppressive or
difficult to comply with for financial reasons, it was decided that
the cost of the tuberculin test should be borne by the public, and
an understanding was reached whereby the Board of Agriculture
and Forestrv assumed the actual work of testing the dairy ani-
mals belonging to applicants for permits to sell milk.

The first official tuberculin test was begun during the spring
of 1910, and the conditions which were immediately disclosed
were of such a nature as to cause, to say the least, consternation.
The prevalence of the disease among the dairy herds of the
Islands had been fullv demonstrated when, about a decade ago,

247

an official test was made, as a result of which a large majority (it
was then believed) of the affected animals were destroyed; but
that the disease should have spread, either from the surviving
affected animals or from imported stock, to the extent which was
disclosed by the present test seemed unbelievable, and it was not
until a number of owners of reacting animals had been satisfied
by post-mortem demonstrations, that the reactors were actually
affected with the disease, that it dawned upon the community
that it was face to face with at least one of the sources of the
great mortality from consumption among the population of the
Territory. However, it is unnecessary here to recall the appalling
percentages of affected animals which confronted a number of
dairy owners, and which made it practically impossible to enforce
the municipal milk ordinance, without causing a milk famine,
while, at the same time, misguided sentiment in regard to the
disposal of the carcasses of reacting animals made it next to
impossible for the owners of infected herds to rid them of the
disease, except at a complete, and often ruinous, sacrifice. Under
these circumstances there seemed for a time little prospect of a
speedy solution of the milk problem, and the fact that we are now,
less than eighteen months from the beginning of this campaign,
entering upon an era of clean milk for the City and County of
Honolulu is due, principally, to two men, to whom I consider it a
privilege here to give the credit which so fully belongs to them.

Mr. Isenberg and Mr. Pond, or Mr. Pond and Mr. Isenberg,
while employing diametrically opposite methods, have both ac-
complished what might have seemed the unattainable. Both cap-
tains in the dairy industry, each counting his milk producers by
the hundred, have cleaned their heavily infected herds from tuber-
culosis, voluntarily, unsubsidized and at great financial sacrifice,
blazing the way for others to follow — a way which no ordinance,
statute, rule or regulation could have enforced, and obviating in-
demnification and litigation ad infinitum.

While Mr. Pond has worked for years, keeping at it steadily,
familiarizing himself with the various diagnostic agents and
methods, eliminating the diseased animals whenever physical
symptoms made their appearance, replenishing his herd only with
tested animals, and drawing freely on the time and advice of the
local officials, he was able when the crucial test came to present
for examination a herd which to all intents and purposes was
clean, literally as well as technically.

Mr. Isenberg, on the other hand, had always been a breeder,
raising his own cows, using imported tuberculin tested sires and,
from the appearance of his herd, had no reason to suspect any
extensive infection among them. This surmise was also borne
out by the tuberculin test. It was, therefore, a great surprise
when the official test disclosed the presence of a large number
of infected animals. Mr. Isenberg, however, decided at once that
no milk from affected animals should be allowed to reach the
human consumer and began immediately to destroy all reactors.

248

Not satisfied with this, and realizing the necessity for some means
whereby the milk consumers of Honolulu might be protected
from infection, at least during the period which necessarily must
elapse before all tuberculous cows could be done away with, he,
as president of the Honolulu Dairymen's Association, began at
once to make inquiries for the most effective and reliable milk
purifying machinery, for which purpose he visited the Depart-
ment of Agriculture in Washington, D. C. He finally decided
on the installation of one of the Goucher Electric Milk Purifying
Plants, which may now be seen at work in the association's estab-
lishment on Sheridan street. What I most want to emphasize,
however, is the fact, that even though this purifying plant, which
has been placed under the immediate supervision of the Division
of Animal Industry, is known to destroy all disease germs which
might be present in the milk, Mr. Isenberg has not alone per-
sisted in disposing of all of his reacting animals, so that he now
has an absolutely clean herd, but has, in conjunction with Mr.
Pond and the other officers of the Dairymen's Association, issued
orders that, from and after July ISth, the Association will re-
ceive no milk from dairies having reacting cows on the premises.

This step on the part of the Dairymen's Association, which
was only taken after due deliberation, and when it was seen
that some dairymen would never get rid of their affected animals
so long as they could send their milk through the purifier, prac-
tically makes it obligatory for the owners of reacting cattle to
either dispose of these animals or else violate the laws of the Ter-
ritory.

As already stated, however, the examples set by Mr. Isenberg
and Mr. Pond have had a salutary effect upon a number of
smaller dairies, but it is, nevertheless, a pleasure to state that a
large number of independent dairies have disposed of their react-
ing animals, improved their premises and their methods to con-
form with the city milk ordinance, and that practically every one
of the dairies which was found to be free from the infection when
the campaign was first inaugurated have made similar efforts ;
and that, taken altogether, the milk supply of Honolulu is so
vastly improved over what it was 14-16 months ago that it ex-
ceeds by far what could reasonably have been expected. As all
of this has been accomplished without any harsh methods or
onerous regulations it is suggested that the few dairies which still
remain delinquent, but which show a disposition to come into line,
be granted until the end of the present month to do so, with the
understanding, however, that a failure to comply with the very
reasonable demands of the municipal as well as the Territorial
requirements will be followed by a peremptory revocation of their
permit to sell milk.

The appended list of 78 dairies, comorises the milk producing
establishments, on the premises of which no tuberculous, or react-
ing, cattle are found, and where only officially tested and tagged

249

cattle are being milked. A number of these do not sell milk,
and as many, both producers and consumers, are under the im-
pression that, so long as no milk is sold, it is not necessary to
have a permit or to conform with the requirements ,of the munici-
pal milk ordinance, it may be well here to emphasize that section 1
of the said ordinance makes it obligatory for the milk producer
to obtain a milk permit, whether his product is for sale, use or
consumption. As nobody keeps a cow except for the purpose of
either selling, using or consuming, or delivering for sale, use or
consumption the milk from such cow I cannot see how even the
keeper or owner of a single private or "family" cow can avoid
taking out a milk permit. When this fact is fully known the num-
ber of applicants will undoubtedly be somewhat increased, even
though, as stated, a number of the applicants oh the appended list
do not sell milk.

The requirements of section 2, to the effect that all applicants
must furnish a certificate from a veterinary surgeon showing that
all cows in his or her possession are free from tuberculosis would
seem to be met by the transmission of the appended list in so far
as those applicants are concerned whose names appear on the
list. All other milk producers, or cattle owners, have either not
complied with the requirements or else have had the test per-
formed by veterinarians not connected with this office, and it
must be left to the respective officials, whose ordinances or regu-
lations require such certificates of health, to decide whether the
same are acceptable or not. It is, however, suggested that such
certificates specify whether the animals referred to have ever been
tested before, and that, in case they have reacted to such previous
test, the question of the health of such animals be referred to the
Territorial Veterinarian for decision. The policy of this office is,
however, the same as that adopted wherever official tuberculosis
control work is undertaken and may be expressed in the one
sentence "once a reactor, always a reactor."

As already stated there still remain a few dairies to be brought
into line, and the somewmat optimistic view in regard to the
present status of the milk supply of Honolulu, as conveyed by
this report, is not to be construed into a belief that ideal condi-
tions have been reached or even are near at hand. Far from it.
While hygienic and sanitary conditions of dairy premises in gen-
eral have improved immensely, there is still plenty of room for
further improvement, especially in the substituting of old stables
and milk rooms with new and more modern ones. The immediate
cooling of the milk, to a degree far below that required by the
present ordinance, is another very important step toward which
we must constantly strive, and which must be everlastingly kept
before the producer who delivers his milk direct to the consumer.
If another milk depot similar to the one on Sheridan street, and
located in Palama or Kalihi, could be established, the regulations
might be altered to compel the purifying, cooling and aeration
of all the milk consumed in the city proper, but until -such a time

250

the educational work must be continued and the many smaller
producers must be kept up to the mark through frequent visits
and constant urging with regard to improvements of methods,
premises and utensils. That the health and condition of the dairy
animals must be kept under continued observation goes without
saying, as otherwise it would be but a very short time before
many of the now clean herds would have the infection back and
further losses impending.

The buying, selling, exchanging, leasing and transferring from
one dairy to another of tested or untested, fresh or dry, old or new
milch cows, heifers or bulls, must be kept under surveillance. A
card index is now kept in this office, by means of which each
tested and ear-tagged animal can be located at a moment's notice,
and the transfer of tested animals from stable to stable is recorded
as soon as known. Another index shows the serial number and
the date of testing of each animal in the possession of each owner.
It is further intended to have this index embrace sanitary and
hygienic conditions of premises and in fact everything pertaining
to each individual dairy, not for the purpose of usurping the work
or the duties of the milk inspector, but in order to facilitate and
systematize the same and avoid unnecessary repetition of work,
which the cooperation of the three boards makes it desirable to
have collected and recorded in one place.

In this connection I wish to state that the present method of
having the milk inspector accompany the inspecting and testing
officer of the Division of Animal Industry has proven of un-
looked-for value and has greatly facilitated the work of both, not
alone so far as transportation is concerned, but principally in com-
bining the authority of the two officers, thereby avoiding repeti-
tion of instructions, which if delivered at different times by officers
working independently of each other might easily lead to misun-
derstanding or confusion especially when dealing with Oriental
and other owners or laborers of foreign birth. If therefore the
present arrangement does not interfere with any other instruc-
tions or duties of the milk inspector and if the work as here re-
ported on meets with the approval of the respective boards I am
authorized to state that the tuberculosis control work will be con-
tinued along the same lines as hitherto. If any further difficulty
should be met with in having the remaining tuberculous cattle
(reactors) removed from premises where milk is produced or
where the infection may be transmitted to other animals, it might
be well to publish a "by authority" notice in the daily papers
giving a concise definition of what constitutes impure, adulterated,
unhealthful or unwholesome milk, with special reference to milk
from diseased animals, as defined in the statutes of the Territory
and in the municipal milk ordinance now in effect. It is, how-
ever, believed that this step will not be necessary and that conse-
quently it would be better not to again alarm the public on this
subject.

List of dairies in the City and County of Honolulu entitled to

251

<
permits to sell milk, in so far as they have complied with Section

2 of Ordinance No. 17, requiring that all cows in the possession of
the applicants are free from tuberculosis:

No. Per-
Name. Address. of . Cows, mit No.

P. M. Pond, The Pond Dairy, Monsarrat Rd.,

Honolulu 107 1

P. M. Pond, Mokuleia, Oahu 268 2

C. J. Day, 1044 Kalihi Road, Honolulu 4 3

Kahuku Plantation Co., Kahuku 25 4

I. Nagaki, Manoa Valley 10 5

Mrs. Mary Riedell, 1156 Gulick Avenue 10 6

F. H. Kilbey, Kaimuki 11 7

Oliver Tavash, Kunawai 5 9

V. Souza, Kahauiki 34 12

John Regent, Kalihi 13 13

Win. P. Alexander, Jones Street, Manoa. ... 4 15

Geo. Wond, Holt Lane, Honolulu. 12 16

Dairymen's Association, Sheridan Street .17

D. P. R. Isenberg, Waialae 150 18

S. M. Damon, Moanalua 314 19

Frank Andrade, Manoa 86 20

Chas. Bellina, Nuuanu 56 22

George Holt, Kalihi 55 23

Kaiulani Dairy, Kalihi Valley 9 24

Antonio Pires 4 27

H. E. Cooper, Manoa 13 28

Kamehameha Schools 40 29

Sylvano de Nobriga, Nuuanu 11 30

. Sengiro Tsumoto, Pauoa 10 32

Omai Talsuichi, Pauoa 7 33

T. F. Farm, Wilder Avenue 33 36

Pamijuro Miyakawa, Ocean View 12 37

Mrs. Fred Whitnev, 1366 King Street 5 38

Frank Medeiros, Metcalf 11 39

J. L. Robinson, Nuuanu 3 40

M. Kawamura, School Street 10 42

L. P. Fernandez, Kalihi 6 43

T. H. Cummings, College Street 5 44

T. Morioka, Waimalu 11 45

J. M. Whitney, Punahou Street 10 46

Alex. Young, Kalihi 34 49

Kapahulu Dairy, Kapahulu (Marshall & Aze-

vedo) 19 51

T. Nakamura, Puuloa 7 53

Mrs. C. M. White, 1417 Makiki Street 8 54

S. Tado, Waikele 10 56

Richard Kapena, Puunui 2 58

252

Manuel August, Puunui 1 59

E. K. Ellsworth, Pupukea 10 60

S. Buyama, Kalauao 4 61

Y. Ogawa, Waialua 62

T. Fuginaka, Halawa 4 63

Waianae Ranch Co., Waianae 273 64

R. W. Andrews, VVyllie Street 1 65

Mrs. S. J. Grace, Kaimuki 4 66

Kitchitaro Inouyi, Moiliili 10 69

M. L. Hartman, Kaimuki 2 70

D. J. Coonradt, Pupukea 3 71

E. C. Smith, Pearl City 12 72

Miss Zana Johnson, Pearl City 8 73

John Schwanck, Pearl City 5 74

SJiotero Hirata, Moiliili 5 75

G. Takimura, Moiliili 3 76

Will E. Miles, Kalihi Road 17 78

M. Gomes, Leahi Ranch 42 80

K. Yamashita, Moiliili 5 82

Francisco Valpo, Lainui Lane 4 83

Manuel Abreu, Nuuanu 3 84

Frank Gouveia, Kaiulani Road 13 85

F. V. de Mello, Ewa Mill 2 86

Walter E. Wall, Keeaumoku Street 9 87

J. Kimoto, Ewa Mill 2 88

Chozo Okamoto, Ewa Mill 2 89

Oahu R. & L. Co., Kawailoa 73 90

Oahu R. & L. Co., Mokuleia 470 91

Oahu R. & L. Co., Honouliuli 735 92

Oahu R. & L. Co., Kahuku Ranch 198 93

John A. Templeton, Wahiawa 25 94'

1. Kawakami, Pearl City 3 95

A. W. Eames, Wahiawa 2 96

E. Pankratz, Kapahulu 3 97

Chas. R. Frazier, 122 King Street 3 98

Stephen J. Alencastre, Moiliili 4 99

Rafael Compos, Campbell Avenue 10 100

•>r

3414
Very respectfully,

Victor A. Norgaard,
Territorial Veterinarian.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

The Committee on Animal Industry begs to report that having
read the report of the Territorial Veterinarian on the milk supply
of the City and County of Honolulu with special reference to

253

bovine tuberculosis, it is recommended that the same be accepted
and that the . Territorial Veterinarian be instructed to transmit
the same to the Territorial Board of Health and the Board of
Supervisors of the City and County of Honolulu for such action
as these boards may see fit to take, especially in regard to the con-
tinued cooperation with the Board of Agriculture and Forestry
for the purpose of eradicating bovine tuberculosis as an essential
factor in a wholesome milk supply.

DUCKS.

Very little appears in this journal about turkeys and ducks, a
correspondent writes, and we find on referring to back numbers
over a period, that this is so. Nevertheless there are a hundred
people interested in fowls for one who keeps turkeys and ducks,
and for every ten turkeys and ducks one hundred fowls are kept.

What we notice about Muscovy ducks is that their looks belie
them — they look big but their weight is small ; they are largely
feathers, and we think this is greatly due to the bad start they
usually get when young owing to the way they are fed. Mostly,
ducks take pot luck, share the same food as the fowls, and are
obliged to pick up grain like corn, which is an entirely unsuitable
food for ducks. The natural diet of ducks, which are aquatic
birds frequenting streams, lakes and marshes, finding the bulk of
their food in the water, is of a soft nature, and unlike the fowl
they have no capacious crop to store food and no large strong
gizzard to grind hard food, together with the sharp grit that fowls
pick up. Fowls should not be fed sloppy food, but this is exactly
how ducks should be fed. You can feed soft food in the morning
to fowls but they would not thrive on sloppy food. The distinc-
tion between the terms soft and sloppy is as follows — soft food
for fowls, is meal mixed with scraps into a thin crumbly paste, but
if more water is added until it gets a thin paste it becomes sloppy
and suitable for ducks. But ducks can take soft food made for
liens, as they will after a few mouthfuls go and drink enough
water to clear their bills and wash the stuff down. But hard
corn or oats is not a good food for ducks, for them such food is
slow and hard to digest. Ducks too, need more animal food than
fowls to get quick and good growth. When we see our ducks do
not get enough insect food we feed blood meal in their food and a
little of that — a tablespoonful to a brood of young ducks — has
good effect. Table scraps are excellent. — Journal of the Jamaica
Agricultural Society.

254

SCHOOL GARDENS.

The Director of Agriculture of Madras (India) in addressing
the students of the Teachers' College at Madras said, in connec-
tion with agriculture and education: "In no other profession is
the error of confounding the passing of examinations with the
acquisition of real knowledge more likely to lead to disappoint-
ment. * * * There are two main defects in the mental equip-
ment of the educated classes of this country — the habit of identi-
fying book-learning with knowledge, and the want of observation
of, and the general indifference to external nature.

"The real value of school gardens to agriculture will be the in-
fluence which they should have on the minds of both teachers and
pupils. We all know that education is not the pouring of informa-
tion into a receptive vessel, but the process of turning the mind
to the light. The great obstacle to agricultural progress lies in
the light esteem in which the farmers' profession is held.

"If children see that the teacher himself is keenly interested in
gardening and is not above working in the garden himself, it will
tend to raise their respect for manual labor and for the profession
of agriculture usually thought unworthy of the serious attention
of an educated man. It will also help them to see that the work
of the school has a direct bearing on their after life. The school-
master himself will find that the garden brings him into closer
touch with his pupils, and it will help him to understand the
problems which his pupils will have to face when they leave his
school."

INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT COFFEE.

From an exceedingly interesting lecture on "The Cultivation of
Coffee," delivered in Glasgow by John H. Bowron, member of a
coffee company, the following passages are taken :

Now the State of San Paulo, the source of the world's chief
coffee supply, is located in the middle of South America, its entire
eastern coast is washed by the waters of the South Atlantic Ocean.
It is distant about IS days' journey from this country, and is one
of the wealthiest, fairest, most picturesque, and most delightful
sections of the Globe. Contrary to impressions current in Great
Britain, San Paulo is a land of culture and civilization, of pro-
gressiveness and promise inestimable. San Paulo is a country
covering about 112,000 square miles, or a trifle under double the
size of England and Wales, and it has a population of about
4,000,000 people.

Well, the Government of this State decided to try and popu-
larize their coffee generally in this country. It was felt that the
first thing to do was to guarantee the general public being sup-
plied with the good article in as fresh a state as possible. After
mature consideration it was therefore decided, both in the interests

255

of the coffee drinking public and also that of the State of San
Paulo, that some trade mark should be adopted, and in this way
the public would be sure to get. something reliable. The word
"Fazenda" — meaning a plantation — was thought to be the most
suitable, and was finally settled on. The coffee was, and is packed
in hermetically sealed tins, which, by the bye, is quite a new de-
parture in the coffee trade. The company soon found, however,
that there was another enormous difficulty to contend with, name-
ly, the making, and they have during the last few months made a
special point in their advertisements of simple methods for making
coffee. They have also distributed something like two million
cards to hang in the kitchen, giving these simple methods. This
form of educational advertisement has proved most effective, and
there are daily applications for hundreds of these cards.

ADVICE AS TO MAKING COFFEE.

There is no doubt that care and absolute cleanliness are essential
in the making of coffee to get the right result, or the brew is gen-
erally most indifferent. First and foremost, the utensil must be
clean, and it is not sufficient to simply rinse it out with warm
water. It should be scalded as there is a fatty substance in coffee
which settles on the inside of the jug and soon becomes rancid.
Unless this is thoroughly washed away it is quite sufficient to
make the next brew taste stale and unpleasant. Then the pot
should be warmed, and the water must be boiling, and if the in-
fusion method is being used the brew must be well stirred or
poured to-and-fro from the jug to a cup or another jug before it
is allowed to settle.

With tea it is different — all one has to do is to pour the hot
water on to the tea, and let it stand a few minutes, when it is
ready for use. It is not necessary to take any particular care with
the tea pot. All one has to do is to see that no stale tea leaves
are left in before making fresh tea. In China the leaves are
shaken out of the tea-pot, as it Would be considered wrong to even
rinse it out, for they say in time (how long I am not quite pre-
pared to say), in this way it becomes unnecessary to put any tea
in at all, but just simply to put hot water in the pot. This much
1 do know from my own personal experience out there— that the
family tea-pot forms one of the most cherished heirlooms, and is
handed down from generation to generation — unless, of course,
it happens to get smashed, in which case they have to start again.

I have no hesitation in saying, however, that, provided one will
take this little trouble with coffee, and when you come to think of
it, it is so slight that one is not justified in calling it trouble, but
rather ordinary care, the result cannot be equalled by any other
beverage, either as regards fragrance, delicacy of flavor, or the
exhilarating effect it has on the consumer.

Coffee has been used medicinally as a cure or preventive for all
manner of diseases. It has been found to be the best stimulant

256

for administration to persons rescued from starvation, or perish-
ing from intense cold, when spirits given under these conditions
often prove fatal. It dispels languor, stupor and lethargy, and,
given sufficiently strong, is the finest specific antidote in cases ot
poisoning.

Fresh roasted coffee has proved to be an effective dispeller of
foul gases, as well as a valuable disinfectant, in the sick room,
especially when the room or place to be disinfected is near where
the coffee is being roasted.

A DESTROYER OF TYPHOID BACILLI.

Some years ago, when Mr. William Field, the largest coffee
roaster in Great Britain, whose name I am sure is familiar to
most of you in the trade, had a factory down in the East End of
London, there was a virulent outbreak of smallpox in the dis-
trict, but there was not a single case in any of the houses imme-
diately surrounding the factory, although there were numerous
cases at each end of the same street, and in all the other streets
in the neighborhood. Some six or seven years ago a cargo boat
went down in the mouth of the Thames, just by the sewage beds.
The cargo consisted* of 100,000 bags of San Paulo coffee. After
very considerable difficulty the greater bulk of this cargo was
salved and kiln dried. The Port of London Authorities hearing
that it was to be put up for public sale in Mincing Lane applied
to a magistrate to stop delivery, as they were of opinion that the
coffee # must be full of typhoid bacilli, and therefore quite unfit for
human consumption. After an enquiry lasting two or three days,
the authorities lost the day, as it was conclusively proved that even
had the coffee become permeated with typhoid bacilli, the process
of roasting would totally destroy the germs ; a heat of over 200
centigrade being necessary to roast coffee, and no typhoid germs
being able to exist in a temperature of over 150 degrees centi-
grade.

Further than this, the analyst 'employed in the case, who, by
the bye, had only been consulted on the Saturday, the hearing
commencing on Monday, had taken two test tubes of semi-digested
food, and to one he added just the same proportion of coffee as
would be in the stomach, if one took a cup of coffee after a meal.
He then proceeded to fertilize typhoid bacilli with very marked
success in the one tube without the coffee, but he was quite unable
to do so in the tube with the coffee in it.

I know that during the time that I lived out in Singapore, which
as you know is practically on the Equator, it was a very common
saying that if one took a cup of coffee immediately on rising it
would act as a preventive for malaria or dengue fever, and there
were a number of men of my acquaintance, who, during a long
period of years spent out in the Tropics, attributed their excellent
health to the fact that they had always been temperate and had a
cup of coffee every morning on rising.

60 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks
Designs
Copyrights Ac.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions 3trictly confidential. HANDBOOK on Patents
sent free. Oldest a zency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without c harg e, in the

Scientific American.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific Journal. Terms, $3 a
year ; four months, $ 1. Sold by all newsdealers.

MUNN &Co. 3e,B ">^ New York

Branch Office, 686 F 8t„ Washington, D. C. ,

Garden and Farm Tools
and Implements

To do good farming you must have up to date tools
to work with. We carry a most complete line of every-
thing needed by the small or large farmer, from the
smallest hand trowel to the largest cane plow. We
also have a good assortment of Hand, Bucket or Barrel
Sprayers. Our assortment of Hoes, Shovels, Spades,
Mattocks, Rakes, Garden Shears, Lawn Mowers, Garden
Hose, and other things that are needed daily about the
farm or garden, is most complete and our stock large.

E. O. HALL & SON, LTD.

OFFICERS AND STAFF OF THE BOARD OF COMMIS-
SIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY.
COMMISSIONERS.

Marston Campbell, President and Executive Officer.
J. M. Dowsett P. R Isenberg

H. M. von Holt Albert Waterhouse

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

Ralph S. Hosmer, Superintendent of Forestry and Chief Fire Warden.

David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman.

Joseph F. Rock, Botanical Assistant.

Bro. Matthias Newell, in charge of Sub- Nursery at Hilo, Hawaii.

Walter D. McBryde, in charge of Sub- Nursery at Homestead, Kauai,

David Kapihe, Forest Ranger for Tantalus,

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Edward M, Ehrhorn, Superintendent of Entomology and Chief Inspector.
Albert Koebele, Consulting Entomologist.
Assistant Entomologist.

D. B. Kuhns, Inspector.

Fred Muir, Beneficial Insect Collector.

Bro. M. Newell, Fruit and Plant Inspector, Hilo, Hawaii.

Robert R. Elgin, 1 f Mahukona, Haivaii.

W. O. Aiken, | Honorary Fruit \ Kahului,Maui,

W. D. McBrvde, \ and Plant Inspector \ Koloa, Kauai,

Dr, W, B. Deas, | at \ liana, Maui.

Capt. C. F.Turne J [ Kaanapali, Maui.

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

Victor A. Norgaard, Superintendent of Animal Industry and Territorial

Veterinarian.
L. N. Case, Assistant Territorial Veterinarian.

Live Stock Inspector,

H, B. Elliot, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Hilo, Hawaii.
]. C. Fitzgerald, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Maui.
A. R, Glaisyer, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Kauai.

E. L.. Glaisyer, Deputy Territorial Veterinary for Kohala and

Hamakua, Hawaii.

CLERICAL STAFF

Miss Melika Peterson, Clerk and Stenographer.
Miss Ella K. Dayton, Librarian.
Daniel Logan, Editor of the "Forester.'"

PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION.

Any one or all of the publications listed below (except those marked

* ) will be sent to residents of this Territory, free, upon application to
Mailing Clerk, P. O. Box 207, Honolulu.

BOARD.

Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry for 1900; 66 pp.
Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry for 1902; 88 pp.*

* First Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, irom

July 1, 1903, to December 31, 1904; ] 70 pp.
Second Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry for th«

year ending December 31, 1905; 240 pp.; 8 plates; 10 text figures.
Third Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the

year ending December 31, 1906; 212 pp.; 3 plates; 4 maps; 7 text figures.
Fourth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry for

the calendar year ending December 31, 1907; 202 pp.; 7 plates.
Fifth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry for

the calendar year ending December 31, 1908; 218 pp.; 34 plates. '

Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the biennial

period ending December 31, 1910; 240 pp.; 45 plates.
"Notice to Importers," by H. E. Cooper; 4 pp.; 1903.
"Digest of the Statutes Relating to Importation, Soils, Plants, Fruits, Vegetables,

etc., into the Territory of Hawaii." General Circular No. 1; 6 pp.

PUBLICATIONS FORDISTRIBUTION -Continued.

"Important Notice to Ship Owners, Fruit Importers and Otherc Rules and Reg*; 1
tions Piohibiting the Introduction of Certain Pests and Animals into the Terri-
tory of Havvaii." General Circular No. 2; 3 pp.; 1904.

"Law and Regulations, Importation and Inspection of Honey Bees and Honey."
General Circular No. 3 ; 7 pp.; 1908.

"The Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist," a monthly magazine. Vols. I to VII;
1904-15)1') To be obtained from the Hawaiian Gazette Co., Honolulu. Price
$1 a year.

DIVISION OF FOEESTEY.

* "Forest and Ornamental Tree Seed for Sale at Government Nursery." Press

Bulletin No. 1; 3 pp.; 1905.

* "Suggestions in Regard to the Arbor Day Tree Planting Contest." Press Bulletin

No. n ; 7 pp.; 1905.
"An Offer (•.. Practical Assistance to Tree Planters." Circular No. 1; 6 pp.; 1905.
"Revised Li^t of Forest and Ornamental Tree Seed for Sale at the Government

Nursery." Press Bulletin No. 3; 4 pp.; 1906.

* "Insti actions for Propagating and Planting Forest Tret;." Press Bulletin No.

4; 4 pp.; .906.

"Instructions for Planting Forest, Shade and Ornamental Trees." Press Bulletin
No. 5; 7 pp.; 1909.

"Na Ho-ikaka no ke Kanu Ana i na Laau Malumalu ame na Laau Hoohiwahiwa."
Press Bulletin No. 6 ; 8 pp.; 1909.

"Eucalyptus Culture in Hawaii," by Louis Margolin. Bulletin No. 1; 88 pp.; 12
plates; 1911.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1905. Re-
print from Second Report of the Board; 77 pp.; 5 plates.

♦Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1906. Re-
print from Third Report of the Board; 123 pp.; 4 maps.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1907. Re-
print from Fourth Report of the Board; 70 pp.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1908. Re-
print from Fifth Report of the Board; 85 pp.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the biennial period ending December 31,
1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 86 pp.; 22 plates.
DIVISION ON ENTOMOLOGY.

"The Leaf-Hopper of the $ugar Cane," by R. C. L. Perkins. Bulletin No. 1;
38 pp.; 1903.

** "A Catalogue of the Hemipterous Family Aleyrodidae," by G. W. Kirkaldy, and
"Aleyrodidae of Hawaii and Fiji with Descriptions of New Species," by Jacob
Kotinsky. Bulletin No. 2; 102 pp.; 1 plate; 1907.

* "On Some Diseases of Cane Specially Considered in Relation to the Leaf-Hopper

Pest and to the Stripping of Cane," by R. C. L. Perkins. Press Bulletin

No. 1; 4 pp.; 1904.
"A Circular of Information," by Jacob "Kotinsky. Circular No. 1; 8 pp.; 1905.
"The Japarese Beetle Fungus," by Jacob Kotinsky and Bro. M. Newell. Circular

No. 2; 4 pp., cut; 1905.
Jttule VII: "Concerning the Prevention of Distribution of the Mediterranean Fruit

Fly"; unnumbered leaflet; 1910.
Rule VIII: "Concerning the Importation of all Banana Fruit Banana Shoots or

Plants"; unnumbered leaflet; 1911.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1905.

Reprint from Second Report of the Board; 68 pp.; 3 plates; 10 text figures.
Report of the Division of Entomology,, for the year ending December 31, 1906.

Reprint from Third Report of the Board; 25 pp.; 7 text figures.
leport of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1907.

Reprint from Fourth Report of the Board; 18 pp.; 1 plate.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1908.

Reprint, from Fifth Report of the Board: 26 pp.; 2 plates.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the biennial period ending December 31,

1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 70 pp.; 10 plates.
DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDTJSTEY.

♦"Inspection of Imported Live Stock." Rule 1; 1 p.; 1905.

* "Inspection and Testing of Imported Live Stock for Glanders and Tuberculosis."

Rule 2; 1 p. ; 1905.

* "Concerning Glandered Horse Stock in the Territory." Rule •} ; 1 p.; 1905.

* "To Amend Rule 1, Inspection of Imported Live Stock." Rule 4; 1 p.; 1907.

* "Quarantine of Horse Stock from California." Rule 8; 1 p. ; 1908.

"Rules and Regulations, Inspection and Testing of Live Stock." Rules and Laws;

11 pp.; unnumbered pamphlet; Revised 1910.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1905

Reprint from Second Report of the Board; 62 pp.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1906.

Reprint from Third Report of the Board; 41 pp.; 3 plates.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1907.

Reprint from the Fourth Report of the Board; 104 pp.; 6 plates.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1908.

Reprint from Fifth Report of the Board: 44 pp.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the biennial period ending Decembei

31, 1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 59 pp.; 13 elates.

* Out of print.