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Vol. X.

MARCH, 1913

No. 3

Price, 10c. Per Copy; Per Annum, $1.00; Foreign, $1.25.

THE

Hawaiian forester

AND

Agriculturist

A MONTHLY MAGAZINE
OF

Forestry, Entomology and Agriculture

ISSUED UNDER THE DIRECTION
OF THE

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE
AND FORESTRY.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.
Entered as second-class matter at the Post office, at Honolulu, Hawafi.

ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO

DANIEL LOGAN,

EDITOR "THE FORESTER,"

P. O. BOX 366,

HONOLULU, 1-4. T.

For business relating to advertising or subscriptions, address

Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., Publishers,
von Holt Block, 65 S. King St., Hch*olxjlu Hawaii.

2*5=

*&

^::m^m.mim^^Mmm^m^mMiM.^

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Editorial . 55

Effects of Grass on Fruit Trees. . .' 57

Might Be Good for Hawaii 58-

New Method of Preserving Meat 59

Ceylon Gooseberry 60

Division of Animal Industry 60

Report of Forest Nurseryman 70

The Garden of Eden 73

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREE SEED AND SEEDLINGS FOR
SALE AT THE GOVERNMENT NURSERY.

The Division of Forestry keeps constantly on hand at the Govern-
ment Nursery, seed and seedlings of the important native and introduced
trees. These are sold at prices just covering the cost of collection or
growing.

The list includes both forest and ornamental trees, such as Silk Oak,
Koa, various species of Eucalyptus, Golden and Pink Showers, Pride of
India, Poinciana, Albizzia, etc. The price of the seed varies from 10'
So 50 cents per ounce. The seedlings may be had for 2*£ cents each,
except a few kinds which are 5 cents. Seed of the various palms is alsa
for sale; the price per 100 varying from $1.00 to $2.50. All seed is tested
before being sent out, which insures its being good.

All communications in regard to seed or trees should be addressed t«v
David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman, Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii.

RALPH S. HOSMER,
Superintendent of Forestry.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

To give information about insects free of charge is one of the duties
of this Division and Hawaiian readers are Hereby invited to make in-
quiry in person and by mail. In order to be able to advise intelligently
or send the right kind of useful insects for relief we like and sometime*
it is indispensable for us to see the insect suspected or caught in the act>
also specimens of the injury. In a tin with a hole or two, or a wooden
box specimens may be mailed at 3rd class rates. When specimens ar*
not accompanied by letter always write your name and address in the
upper left-hand corner of the package. Address all communications-
SUPERINTENDENT DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, P. O. BOX 207
HONOLULU, HAWAII.

EDW. M. EHRHORN,

Superintendent.

THE HAWAIIAN

FORESTER I AGRICULTURIST

Vol. X. MARCH, 1913. No. 3.

Additional information will be found in the report of the
Division of Animal Industry for February regarding the dis-
tember at Pupukea, Oahu, to that furnished in the report
for January. It would appear to be settled that the disease was
produced by poisonous growths in the pasture. An interesting
article appears elsewhere from an exchange on the influence
of soil and climate on the edibility of certain plants, which
would appear to have some bearing on the Pupukea incident.

Two chicken diseases that have appeared in the islands are
described in the report of the assistant veterinarian for Feb-
ruary.

An article on the Ceylon gooseberry in this number
may have some interest for our homesteaders and suburban
dwellers.

In his report for February the Territorial entomologist tells
of some bad pests intercepted that month.

The Mindanao Herald, an exchange from which the Forester
has frequently culled interesting matter, had its office destroyed
in the conflagration that wiped out a large business section of
Zamboanga, Mindanao, P. I., on Sunday 'night, February 2.
It saved only a "baby" press, on which its issue of February 8
was printed. Fraternal sympathy is hereby extended to the
paper.

The Hawaii Educational Review, "a monthly periodical devoted
to the dissemination of educational thought and progress, par-
ticularly as adapted to the Territory of Hawaii," is welcomed
among our exchanges.

President W. M. Giffard of the Board of Agriculture and
Forestry, has received gratifying reports from Professor Sil-
vestri, the eminent entomologist engaged by the board last year
to seek a parasite for the Mediterranean fruit fly in Africa.
The professor has succeeded so far that, at last accounts, he

56

was on his way from Capetown to Australia with colonies of
such parasites, having discovered five varieties. In Australia
he will endeavor to propagate fresh colonies to transport to
Hawaii. Such ultimate success is eagerly hoped for here.

Is there room for the small farmer in Hawaii? For the
twelve months ended December 31, 1912, Hawaii imported from
the mainland animals to the value of $343,994; breadstuffs, in-
cluding animal feed, $2,396,062; fruits and nuts, $380,376; meat
and dairy products, $1,134,432; tobacco, manufactures of,
$772,027, 'and vegetables, $369,755. These articles make a total
of $5,396,446, all of which might be supplied by Hawaiian
farmers.

For the twelve months ended December 31, 1912, Hawaii
shipped to the United States fruits and nuts to the value of
$3,528,236, of which $3,329,097 was represented by canned pine-
apples. As an item of our exports that scarcely showed at all
a few years ago, this exhibit is very encouraging. There are
other things than pineapples which, backed by capital, intelli-
gence and pluck, would equally reward enterprise.

In 1912 coffee to the amount of 1,785,920 pounds and valued
at $289,043 was shipped from Hawaii to the United States.
The quantity in 1911 was 2,903,887 pounds and the value
,$419,464. There will be a large crop this year. Figures of
considerable exports of Hawaiian coffee to foreign countries
are not at the moment available.

Exports of honev from Hawaii to the mainland in 1912 were
of the value of $51,256, against $36,224 in 1911.

Shipments of raw wool from Hawaii to the States in 1912
amounted to $51,422, against $63,019 in 1911.

Exports of domestic products from Hawaii to foreign coun-
tries last year amounted to $532,666, as compared with $827,067
the year before.

57
EFFECTS OF GRASS ON FRUIT TREES.

An abstract of an account of classical research on the subject
of the effects of grass on fruit trees is printed in the Agricultural
News for March 15 The authorities quoted are the Duke of
Bedford, K. G., F. R. S„ and Spencer O. Pickering, M. A., F.
R. S. The article says in part:

"The action of grass on fruit trees is often so deleterious
that it arrests all growth, and even causes the death of the
tree. The action is not noticed so much when the trees become
grassed over gradually during the course of several years, for
under these surroundings they can apparently adapt themselves
to the altering conditions and suffer much less than when the
grass is actually sown over their roots.

"It was thought some years ago that the action of the grass
might be explained by its affecting the aeration of the soil by
altering the amount of carbon-dioxide present, or by its effect
on soil temperature, the moisture content or mechanical condi-
tions. Any explanation on such grounds was found to be in-
adequate.

"It would not be possible in the space of this article even
to refer to the various ingenious experiments that were con-
ducted in order to obtain this negative generalization. It will
be sufficient to proceed at once to the biological investigation of
the question which commenced with an examination of the effect
on fruit trees by heating soils — partial sterilization. Briefly, it
was discovered that a toxic substance is produced by heating
soils, which was found to be toxic toward the germination of
seeds as well as toward the growth of plants, retarding the germ-
ination and reducing the percentage of seeds which germinate.
After cultivation, however, the toxic substances become oxidized
and the soil supports growth better than when not heated.

"Curiously enough, soil removed from grassed ground was
slightly more favorable toward germination than the tilled soil,
and it absorbed water much less readily than the neighboring
tilled soil. This behavior provided negative evidence in favor
of the production of toxic substances in grassed soils ; and strong
evidence of a positive character was obtained later, by causing
washings, from grass growing in soils on trays, to reach the
tree-roots with practically no exposure to the air.

"A deleterious effect was then produced nearly if not quite as
great as when the grass was grown above the roots in the ordinary
way."

58
MIGHT BE GOOD FOR HAWAII.

The Agricultural News advocates a herd book for the West
Indies, and some of its arguments would appear to apply to
Hawaii. A few passages from the article are here quoted:

"It is perhaps in connection with milk and meat production
that benefit would be derived most quickly. It has already
been pointed out that the characteristic feature of the animal
industry in temperate countries is the clear line of demarcation
between beef and dairy breeds. In the West Indies, apart from
imported milch cows, there is no such clear distinction. Native
milch cows are often used for working in the fields, and calves
reared for killing or for labor may frequently have a common
origin. It is true that the importance of a well bred bull is
fully acknowledged in a general way, but sufficient recognition
is not given to the importance of a bull of good milking strain
in the breeding of dairy cows, and conversely to the importance
of a cow possessing good 'beef points in the raising of those
animals which supply the community with meat. Moreover,
there is the purely business aspect of the matter, to be consid-
that the financial return for the trouble involved will appear in
ered. It has been pointed out in connection with working cattle
the form of an asset, but in the case of meat and milk production
an increase in profits will show itself as surely in the West
Indies as it has done in other parts of the world.

"One of the chief reasons for organization in these matters
is the fact that the grazing of animals and milk supply i?
to a large extent in the hands of the peasants. If some system
of registration were established the progeny of the best animals
would in the long run take the place of those of the worst,
and an additional advantage would arise in that a system of
registration would tend to improve matters in regard to the
prevalence of hereditary diseases.

"It may be put forward as an objection to any such organized
scheme for selection that the climatic conditions and animal
feeding in the tropics are unsuitable, that it would mean the
continual importation of fresh stock and necessitate an alteration
in the management of estates. But that would not be so. The
object would be to select within the existing herds — not to
select by means of the fortuitous crossing of worthless cows
with imported bulls in a vain endeavor to raise West Indian
cattle to the same standard that exists in countries which are
eminently adapted for stock breeding. It is true that some
improvement in feeding and management might be desirable
and in this matter the agricultural societies would serve a useful
purpose in the dissemination of information and in the provision
of veterinary assistance. Further help could be rendered by
the agricultural societies through an introduction of the score-
card system of judging into the agricultural shows."

59
NEW METHOD OF PRESERVING MEAT.

A Belgian engineer has invented a machine which in all prob-
ability will diminish the importance of the present systems of
cold storage in the preservation of large quantities of meat.
The new method Is described in the Bulletin of the Bureau of
Agricultural Intelligence and of Plant Diseases for December,
1912.

In this it is stated that the invention is based on the fact
that when the water that enters into the composition of meat
is caused to evaporate, the organic liquids are concentrated to
a point at which bacteria do not develop except with great
difficulty. Moreover, during the process of evaporation the meat
becomes coated with a film of gelatinous matter which protects
the meat from further infection.

The loss of moisture is caused to take place by means of a
vacuum apparatus in which, towards the end of the operation,
both low pressure and temperature act together to desiccate only
the surface of the meat. After a certain quantity of water has
evaporated, ozone (a form of oxygen) is admitted as a steriliz-
ing agent.

Treatment for twenty hours causes the meat to lose about 20
per cent, of its original weight. The quantity of ammonia pres-
ent (which is indicative of putrefaction) is less in the vacuum-
treated meat than in ordinary fresh meat. The new process is
said not to affect the composition and appearance of the meat
within the protective film on the outside, and the taste is be-
lieved to be superior to that of frozen meat.

The chief advantage of the process is that the cost price of
meat preserved by the vacuum method is less than that by cold-
storage, because it can be treated at the centres of production.

If it is found that desiccated meat can be shipped as ordinary
cargo there would appear to be some possibility of a trade
becoming established in this article between South America and
the West Indies, or what would be preferable, a deflection to the
West Indies of some of the best Canadian beef that at present
goes in large quantities to Smithfield. — The Agricultural News.

MAXIMUM PROFIT FROM PEN MANURE.

The indifferent and careless management of pen manure means
the loss of large quantities of available plant food. Liquid ex-
crement is more valuable than solid, pound for pound. Water-
tight floors and plenty of absorbents are necessary to prevent
its waste. All pen manure is more valuable fresh than after
storage. Leaching by rains is one great source of loss. Manure
heaps loosely made and located under the eaves or on hillsides
lose half of their value. Large losses of nitrogen occur by

60

fermentation, noticeable by the smell of ammonia. This is due
to organisms which require air. Packing the manure pile with
a dip to the center and keeping it soaked with water, keeps out
the air and reduces fermentation. Fresh manure may be spread
at once on moderately level fields. There is little loss by fer-
mentation, and the plant food leaches into the ground. (From
Bulletin No. 221, of the University of Wisconsin.)

CEYLON GOOSEBERRY

(From the Tropical Agriculturist.)

The tree to which the writer gave the name "Ceylon Goose-
berry" some years ago, first in a Departmental Circular on trop-
ical fruits, deserves the attention of fruit growers in the tropics,
for few fruits in a wild state appear to offer more promise of
improvement by systematic selection and high cultivation. It
is a small shrubby tree with ovate, alternate leaves belonging to
the family Bixaceae and known to botanists as Aberia Gardneri,
being named after Mr. Gardner, who was superintendent of
Peradeniya from 1844 to 1849. To the natives the tree is known
as "Ket-embilla" and an interesting fact in connection with it is
that it is endemic in Ceylon, that is having its native habitat
confined to this country. The round and slightly velvety ber-
ries are somewhat of the size, form and consistency of goose-
berries, being purplish in color when ripe. They have a pleasant
sub-acid taste and make excellent jam or preserves. The tree
thrives best at medium elevations and likes rich humous soil and
good drainage. It is readily propagated from seed which, being
small, should be sown in pots under cover, using fine sandy soiL
The fruit is in season usually in September.

H. A. MACMILLAN.

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

Honolulu, February 28, 1913.

Hon. W. M. Giffard, President and Executive Officer, Board
of Agriculture and Forestry.
Sir : — I beg to report on the work of the Division of Animal
Industry for the two months ending February 28, 1913, as fol-
lows:

Cattle Diseases at Pupukea, Oahu.

For the past six or eight months Mr. F. S. Lyman at Pupu-
kea, Oahu, has been losing cattle, mostly milch cows or young
animals, a total of fifteen or twenty having died during the

61

period. Owing to the distance from Honolulu and to the be-
lated reports reaching this office only when the carcasses would
be too decomposed for examination, no actual investigation of
the disease could be made. The owner was however instructed
to secure samples of the diseased organs, if any, and to forward
them for examination as soon as a new case should present
itself.

On December 31 such samples were received, together with
information to the effect that several animals had died during
the preceding week. The accompanying description of the
symptoms and post mortem changes were strongly indicative
of anthrax, especially when considered in connection with the
fact that both the owner and a farm hand, who had assisted
in disposing of the dead animals, were suffering from pustules
on the hands of a very suspicious character.

The sample forwarded for examination consisted of a piece
of the small intestine. This was discolored to the extent of
being almost black, the intestinal wall, as well as the mucous
membrane, being considerably swollen and showing croupous
well defined, contour. No sample of the spleen had been sent,
but it was stated that this organ was swollen to several times
or even diphtheritic areas of varying size, and of irregular, but
its normal size and filled with black blood. That the disease
was of extremely acute nature was evidenced by a statement
to the effect that the dead animals, both milch cows, were ap-
parently sound when they left the barn in the morning, after
milking, and, when they did not return in the evening and a
search was made, they were found dead, with blood exuding
from the natural openings. There was therefore sufficient
cause for suspecting anthrax, but careful microscopic examina-
tion of numerous slides prepared from the specimen failed ab-
solutely to disclose the presence of the anthrax bacillus.

On January 2, a telephone message was received stating that
another cow had died the night before, and no time was lost
in reaching the ranch and locating the dead animal. The post-
mortem examination revealed the following conditions :

Carcass considerably bloated, blood running from the nos-
trils and anus. The abdominal cavity contained several quarts
of blood-colored serum. Mucous membrane of fourth stomach
swollen and congested, though not to the same, extent as the
small intestines which were found to be discolored, as already
described, in their entire length, and showing the same crou-
pous snots and areas. The contents consisted of a dark, blood-
colored grumous fluid. The spleen was fully five times its
normal size, resembling on section a Texas fever or anthrax
spleen. Neither the mouth, gullet or the three first stomachs
nor any of the remaining organs, presented anything abnormal,
except such changes as might be expected forty hours after

62

death. In the paunch or first stomach, however, which was
fairly well filled with food, were found a large number of kukui
leaves besides a number of fragments of a weed, asclepias cur-
rassavica L., which the owner had already suspected as the
possible cause of the many deaths. This weed, belonging to
the class commonly called milk weeds, is known to be poison-
ous, and several extensive outbreaks of disease among cattle
in the southern part of the United States have been ascribed to
this and closely allied species. The same plant is proclaimed
in Australia as poisonous, but nothing definite is known in
regard to the active principle it contains. From information
gathered on the rarfch the weed is said to have a deadening
effect upon lips and fingers if handled or tasted, producing a
local anesthesia somewhat similar to cocaine, from which facts
however it is difficult to deduct any connection with such
serious pathological changes as those observed in the dead
animals. That no acrid poison is present is obvious from the
normal condition of the mucous membrane of lips, tongue,
mouth and gullet, but it is therefore not excluded that fer-
mentation or contact with the gastrip fluids may produce
chemical changes in the poisonous principle of the plant^ ren-
dering it acrid after it reaches the fourth stomach, or else, that
the supposed anesthetic properties may, when absorbed into
the circulation, affect certain nerve centers and cause such
vasamotoric disturbances as to account for the sudden effusion
of blood into the intestines and the abdominal cavity, as well
as for the greatly enlarged spleen.

A careful examination of the pasture in which practically all
of the dead animals have been found, showed an abundance of
the weed in question, a large proportion of the plants showing
plain evidence of having been cropped by the cattle. The weed
however is common throughout the Territory, and no previous
epidemic is known to have resulted from it, nor are cattle
known to eat it, as a rule ; but a protracted drought has prevail-
ed in this special neighborhood for the past two years, and
grass and forage plants have practically disappeared, root and
all, except such weeds as are usually left alone by the animals.
The earlier deaths may therefore be ascribed to the cattle eat-
ing the surviving weeds, while the more recent deaths, which
were then occurring almost daily, were due to the new weed
springing up since the rains began a few weeks ago, the cattle
eating them with avidity since hardly any grass came up. It
is also possible, that the animals may have acquired a taste
for the poison such as is known with regard to the loco weed.

As already stated, both the owner and a Japanese farm hand,
were suffering from pustules and infected wounds on the
hands, and as the local physician happened to call at the time,
a slight pustule on the wrist of the owner was opened and

63

smears made for microscopic examination. The result was
negative, and as the same proved the case with the samples
secured from the dead animal, the anthrax theory might safely
be excluded. A subsequent visit, when another cow had died,
failed to furnish any additional light on the subject.

It was therefore decided to follow up the poison theory as
far as possible, and the owner was requested to gather a sack-
ful of the weed for experimental purposes. A five-months-old
calf was obtained and every known method of inducing the
animal to eat the weed was tried, but with little success. Even
though nearly starved, being kept on a scant supply of dry hay,
the animal absolutely refused to eat the weed, not even when
cut up finely and mixed with bran mash or middlings. The
experiment is therefore of value only in demonstrating or con-
firming the theory of an "acquired habit/' as there can be no
doubt that the weed was found in the stomachs of the dead
animals. It also confirms, though to a slight degree only, that
not all animals succumb to the temptation. An effort is now
being made to induce the calf to eat kukui leaves as these are
also known to be poisonous, but so far with little better suc-
cess.

In the meantime it is to be hoped that the drought is broken
and that more suitable feed than the asclenias has come within
reach of the remaining animals. No further cases have been
reported, and the only advice which could be given in the
premises — to eradicate the weed as soon as possible — has been
followed in so far as it could be done under the circumstances.

Glanders in Waipio Valley.

Pursuant to the Board's instructions to visit Waipio Valley
again within two months after the recent outbreak of glanders
had been suppressed, in order to ascertain if possible if any
infection might still remain there, I returned to Kukuihaele on
the 11th inst. As the Board is aware a concerted effort on
behalf of the plantations and ranches in that vicinity, had re-
sulted in Mr. Akaka being provided with horses to take the
place of the thirty-four head which were destroyed as being
affected with glanders during my two previous visits. As a
result of the generous action Mr. Akaka had been enabled to
harvest his rice and market it 2 and was now busy plowing and
getting his next crop in the ground.

A new, well-constructed stable, with room for forty horses,
had been built on the site I had selected, and in accordance
wfth the plans furnished him, and twenty-nine horses, costing
about $1750.00, or approximately the sum aggregated by ap-
praisal of the destroyed animals, had been purchased and turn-
ed over to him. A careful examination of these horses failedl

64

to show the slightest indication of glanders or any other dis-
ease. The stable was clean and well kept and formed a great
contrast to the shed or shanty where the horses were formerly
kept, and which had been completely demolished. As a ques-
tion had arisen in regard to the actual value of some of these
animals, and as I had been asked by one of the contributing
parties to investigate this matter, the correspondence pertain-
ing to which is appended, I requested a visiting veterinarian
and stock expert to accompany me on my next visit to the val-
ley. This gentleman, Dr. Schutte, who for a number of years
has been connected with the Shipman ranches and who may
possibly be an applicant for the vacant position of deputy ter-
ritorial veterinarian for the Hamakua District, expressed him-
self, after examining each of the horses in question, to the
effect, that with one or possibly two, exceptions the animals
which had been provided Mr. Akaka at the instigation of this
Board, and through the efforts of Mr. O. Sorenson, were in
every respect satisfactory for the work and were cheap at the
price, $58.00 per head, which had been paid for them. The
two exceptions were a mare too heavy in foal to do much work
and another mare of rather vicious disposition and which it
might require some time to break to work.

Reimbursement and Legislation.

It would therefore seem as if this somewhat alarming out-
break of glanders has been brought to a satisfactory conclusion,
and there remains only the question of public reimbursement
of Mr. Akaka for the animals which were destroyed, in order
to prevent the spread of this most dangerous and destructive of
diseases. This subject has been fully discussed in my previous
reports, as well as in the biennial report of this Division now
being printed. I would therefore only call the Board's atten-
tion to the fact that the question of assisting Mr. Akaka with
work animals to take the place of those destroyed by order of
the Board, was instigated by the then acting president of the
Board at whose direction also the animals were appraised with
a view to reimbursement, and to respectfully submit if it does
not devolve upon the Board to take the necessary steps for
such reimbursement. A draft of an Act covering this subject,
and based upon a similar Act recently passed by the State of
Florida, has been prepared and is herewith submitted for such
disposition as the Board may decide upon.

I beg also to request that the draft of an Act pertaining to
bovine tuberculosis and glanders and which was returned*to
me, be given further consideration in so far as the various sub-
jects are concerned which have not already been disposed of
by other acts, as for instance the importation, sale or applica-

65

tion of tuberculin or mallein without authority from this Board,
— the indemnification of owners of glandered horses who vol-
untarily report such cases to the Board — and obtaining permit
of entrance to the Territory for animals by fraudulent means.
I also beg to submit draft of a bill forbidding the "turning out
in pastures or on public highways of animals affected with or
suspected of contagious or infectious diseases, as well as a
copy of the San Francico law pertaining to cruelty to animals.

Quarantine Stations.

A final visit to the site of the Hilo Quarantine Station was
made during my recent trip to Hawaii when, in conjunction
with Dr. Elliot, the final plans and arrangements were decid-
ed upon, as per accompanying sketch. As I am instructed that
tenders must be asked for covering the entire construction of
the station, it will be necessary to have a few blue prints made,
but otherwise I believe that my plans and specifications may be
used without a costly redrafting of the same. After consulta-
tion with Mr. Kennedy and Mr. Forbes we have decided to
recommend that the water supply of the station be obtained
from a 10,000 gallon tank to be fed from the galvanized iron
roofs of the sheds, the largest of which has a surface of 20,000
square feet. In comparison with a pipe line of 800 to 1000
feet this will mean a considerable saving.

I have also consulted Dr. Fitzgerald and submitted for his
approval the plan for the Kahului station, as herewith append-
ed, and which he says will be ample for all purposes, but until
I have seen the site I cannot judge as to whether it can be
built for the money allotted.

In regard to the Honolulu station a separate communication
pertaining to the enlargement of the dog section is already in
your hands. Estimates for concrete posts for the repair of
the horse and mule pens have been asked for, but labor seems
to be extremely scarce. These estimates are now on hand, but
the price makes it impossible to even consider them. An or-
dinary 7' concrete post, 4"x4" at the top and 4"x6" at the bot-
tom, corrugated on the two divergent sides, with four rein-
forcements of J4" round iron, is estimated at $1,25, whereas
6"x6" corner posts would cost anywhere from $2.50 to $4.00
according to their dimensions. When to this is added freight
from Honolulu to Hilo the cost would exceed the available ap-
propriation. These posts may however be made in Hilo and
provision will be made in the specification, so that tenders for
construction with either redwood posts or concrete posts may
be submitted.

The plans and specifications are now finished and blue prints

66

are being made by the Public Works Department, and as soon
as received tenders may be advertised for.

In order to enable me to make plans for the Kahului station
it will be necessary for me to see the site provided for the pur-
pose. I "would therefore ask the Board to authorize me to go
to Kahului on Friday, March 14, on the Lurline and return
on the same boat Sunday.

Very respectfully,

Victor A. Norgaard,

Territorial Veterinarian.

REPORT OF ASSISTANT VETERINARIAN.

Dr. Victor A. Norgaard, Chief of Division of Animal Industry,
Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry*
Sir : — I beg to submit herewith a report for the month of
February :

Tuber culosis'Control.

Very little has been done in this line during the past month,
one cow only being tested and passed entering the dairy of
Chas. Lucas, Niu. As the services of Mr. Joseph Richards,
until recently City and County milk inspector, are no longer
available, this most important work will of necessity be held
up until it is definitely ascertained whether or not we are to
be supplied with an assistant.

Appoplectiform Scpicemis in Chickens on Maui.

This highly fatal and rapidly spreading disease has made
its appearance in this Territory, among the chickens in the
Homestead Lands of Haiku, Maui.

Mr. F. C. Krauss of the College of Hawaii recently received
a letter from Miss E. Lindsay, one of the homesteaders of Ha-
iku, Maui, describing the symptoms she had noticed during
the outbreak among her chickens, also sending several speci-
mens for examination taken from chickens dead of the disease.
The letter together wieh the specimens were forwarded to this
Division for examination, diagnosis and report.

Microscopical examination of the tissues revealed a Strepto-
coccus in almost pure culture. From the symptoms as given
in the letter together with finding streptococcis in pure culture
a diagnosis of Apoplectiform Septicemia was reported and all
possible information regarding the control and prevention of
the disease and also a B. A. I. circular written by Norgaard &
Mohler dealing exhaustively with this particular disease, was
forwarded to Miss E. Lindsay.

67

The organism which is the direct cause of this disease is to
be found in the soil of certain localities, where it is normally
saprophytic. Under certain conditions of moisture and tem-
perature, however, it may multiply rapidly and assume a high
degree of virulence, becoming a deadly parasite.

Symptoms.

So sudden is the attack that few if any premonitory symp-
toms are observed. At the most the affected birds may show
dullness, apathy and loss of appetite and not mingling with the
flock. Death comes suddenly, the bird falling forward flapping
the wings a few times in the death agony. The larger number
of deaths occur, perhaps, during the night when apparently
healthy birds going to roost in the evening are picked up dead
in the morning.

Pathological Anatomy.

Post mortem examination of birds dead of the disease shows
them to be in good flesh, death coming so suddenly that no
emaciation takes place. In the region of the breast and neck
upon removal of the feathers numerous subcutaneous hemorr-
hages of irregular size and outline are found. Upon opening
the abdominal cavity a varying amount of a sero-sanguinous
fluid is found which coagulates soon after being exposed to the
air. The liver is greatly enlarged and considerably congested,
the kidneys are somewhat swollen and congested; the mesen-
teric vessels are greatly engorged -with blood and intestines
may show many hemorrhagic patches. The intestinal contents
are more or less blood stained. The lungs usually show con-
siderable congestion ; the heart is pale, flabby and may show a
few petechial hemorrhages.

Prevention.

The organism which is the cause of the disease and which
is found in every tissue of the body is obtained from a con-
taminated water supply, generally a water hole which receives
the drainage from the surrounding land and to which chickens
running at large have free access. The disease is spread by
the droppings of the sick birds which contaminates both food
and water. Medicinal treatment is of little avail as the onset
of the disease is so sudden and birds apparently healthy at
night are found dead in the morning.

All effort should be made to prevent the chickens from be-
coming infected and to stop the spread of the disease. This
can be accomplished by putting them in runs and seeing that

68

they are supplied with pure drinking water in utensils which
can be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Careful watch
should be kept of the flock and all dead or sick fowls removed
at once and the yards and house thoroughly disinfected.

Coccidiosis of Fowls.

' " ! ' i ■ ■

One small outbreak of this intestinal parasitism has been
noticed among two pens of five weeks old chicks at Kaimuki.
The owner had been losing his chicks at the rate of from five
to seven a day and had finally appealed to this office for a
diagnosis of the affection and advice as to its control.

Symptoms.

Those beginning to show signs of sickness presented an un-
thrifty appearance, the feathers being ruffled up, dirty and looked
as if they had been wet and all stuck together. They appeared
dumpy, would remain by themselves and while in the first stages
the appetite was good, in the final stages they ate but little and
so became much emaciated. Diarrhoea soon set in with its weak-
ening and debilitating effects, death taking place in from, two to
three days. The droppings were somewhat of a clay color contain-
ing at times considerable blood which gave them a brick-red
appearance.

Pathological Anatomy.

All the organs of the body appeared in a normal condition with
the exception of the intestinal tract. The entire intestinal tract
was somewhat inflamed but the most striking change was noticed
in the caeca which were of a brick-red color and filled with gran-
ular fecal material deeply stained with blood and streaked with
white. The cloaca contained a fluid, offensive material also brick-
red in color, at times strongly resembling pure blood.

Etiology.

Microscopical examination of the contents of the cases and
cloaca revealed immense numbers of the Coccidium Avium. This
coccidium is usually elliptical in shape with a thin shell and, in
the state cocyst, measures from 24 to 36 microns long by 12 to
22 microns broad. It is passed out of the body with the feces and
in the water or moist earth undergoes further development to be
finally taken into the system again with contaminated food or
water and reach its final stage of development ; n the epithelial
cells of the intestines.

Intestinal coccidiosis of the fowl often occurs as an epizootic

69

and attacks nearly as many adults as young chicks. In very young
subjects the course of the malady is very rapid while in adults
the disease may continue for one or two weeks and it may even
pass into the chronic state; the birds are then transformed into
veritable skeletons and eventually succumb to progressive wasting
and emaciation. The mortality often reaches 60 to 70 percent.

In the state of cocyst more or less advanced, the coccidia of
the fowl may exist from one year to another in the damp soil
of the poultry yard. They are injected by the birds with their
food and water. The most severe outbreaks occur in dimmer
in artificial yards and particularly where air and light are Insuffi-
cient. It is possible that the disease may be introduced by eggs
used in breeding, for Eckhart has found coccidia on the shell
and in the white of the eggs from fowls attacked with coccidiosis.

Prophylaxis.

Medicinal treatment does little good in a parasitism of this
nature. All affected birds should be removed immediately and
destroyed ; the place thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, plenty of
sunlight let in, and all moist places dried up. The flock should
receive plenty of pure drinking water from a source known to be
free from contamination and frequently renewed. The feed
should be kept where contamination is impossible. Strict cleanli-
ness, thorough disinfection of yards, houses, etc., and plenty of
air and sunlight will prevent severe outbreaks of this disease.

Importations of Live Stock at the Port of Honolulu for the •
Month of February.

During the month fifteen steamers were met^and boarded,
eleven of which carried consignments of live stock, all of which
were inspected and admitted into the Territory. The tabulated
list of live stock is as follows.

Feb. 3. — S. S. Virginian, Seattle :

18 horses, S. MacPhearson.
Feb. 5. — S\ S. Sierra, San Francisco :

1 dog, J. Van Camp.

46 crates poultry.
Feb. 6. — S\ S. Tenyo Maru, Orient'.

9 crates pheasants.
Feb. 12. — S. S. Lurline, San Francisco :

19 crates poultry.

26 mules, H. H. & Co.
1 dog, J. J. Fitzgerald.
Feb. 18. — 5*. 6\ Sonoma, San Francisco :
1 dog, Bertha Godlewski.
4 crates poultry.

70

Feb. 18.— S. S. Wilhclmina, San Francisco:
1 clog, O. A. Steven.
20 crates poultry.
Feb. 18.- S. S. Hilonian, Seattle :
10 horses,

15 mules, Schuman Carriage Co.
Feb. 17. — S. S. Persia, Orient:

1 crate game chickens.
Feb. 21. — S. S. Mongolia, San Francisco:

1 crate clucks,

2 clogs, H. G. Smart.

Feb. 25. — S. S. Honolulan, San Francisco :
4 horses,

10 mules, Hon. Plant. Co.;
26 mules, Schuman Car. Co.
18 crates poultry.

Respectfully submitted,

LEONARD N. CASE,
Asst. Territorial Veterinarian.

REPORT OF FOREST NURSERYMAN.

Honolulu, February 28, 1913.
R. S. Hosmer, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry.

Dear Sir : I herewith submit a report of the work done by the
Forest Nurseryman during the month of February, 1913.

Nursery.

Distribution of Plants.

In seed In boxes

Pot

Total

boxes transplanted

Grown

Sold

575

627

1202

Gratis

800

399

1199

Total • 1375 1026 2401

Collections.

Collections on account of plants sold amounted to $24.35

Rent of Building Nursery Grounds 35.00

Total $59.35

71

Plantation Companies and Other Corporations.

The distribution of trees during the month amounted to 198;000
assorted Eucalyptus in seed boxes and 1000 in transplant boxes.
A total of 199,000. The balance of trees ordered for this season's
planting amounts to 50,000 seedlings and 6000 in transplant boxes
ready to set out. These will be delivered during the month of
March.

Experimental Gar den , Makiki.

The old boiler which we have been using for a sterilizer for the
past five years gave out and commenced leaking in several
places. To keep the work going we had to make a patch with
a piece of boiler plate which we bolted on to the bottom of the
sterilizer. This temporary repair will not likely last long and
it might be wise to make arrangements to get another sterilizer
so that the regular work may not be delayed. We are at
present trying to get up a stock of trees to be ready for orders
that are likely to come in.

U. S. Experimental Planting, Nuuanu Valley.

The man has been doing the regular routine work, namely
lioeing and keepirfg down grass and weeds.
Respectfully submitted,

DAVID HAUGHS,

Forest Nurseryman.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Honolulu, February 28, 1913.*
Honorable Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.

Gentlemen: I respectfully submit my report of the work of
the Division of Entomology for the month of February, 1913,
as follows :

During the month there arrived 32 vessels of which 22 carried
vegetable matter and one vessel building sand for concrete work.

Disposal.

Lots Parcels

Passed as free from pests 765 20,853

Fumigated 34 46

Burned s 4 9

Total inspected 803 20,90 8

Of these shipments, 20,729 packages came as freight, 93 pack-
ages in the mail and 86 packages as baggage.

72

Rice and Bean Shipments.

During the month 13,010 bags of rice arrived from Japan; also
1250 bags of beans. All were found free from infestation and
were passed.

Pests Intercepted.

Thirty-five packages of fruit and 11 packages of vegetables
were found in the baggage of passengers and immigrants from
the Orient. Being prohibited, they were seized and burned.

In the packing material about some rose plants from Sydney,
Australia, I found several young snails (Helix aspersa). This
species feeds on decaying vegetation and is classed more as a
scavenger than a destroyer of plant life. The snails were hiber-
nating as the opening of the shell was closed by a membranous
operculum. This is a good illustration of the possible chance
of accidentally introducing such creatures into the Territory and
on account of this I have always ordered all packing material
destroyed and replaced with moss grown in the islands. A leaf-
eating beetle ( Chrysomelid species) was also found crawling in
the same material.

Hilo Inspection.

Brother M. Newell reports the arrival of eight steamers and
two sailing vessels. Six steamers brought vegetable matter con-
sisting of 97 lots and 2037 packages. All being free from soil and
pests they were passed.

Inter-Island Inspection.

During the month of February 54 steamers were attended to
and the following shipments were passed :

Plants 43 packages

Taro 688 bags

Lily root 12 packages

Vegetables 1 package

Total 744 passed after inspection.

The following packages were refused shipment:

Plants . . , 10 packages rejected on account of soil

Fruit 16 packages prohibited

Total 26 packages refused shipment.

Respectfully submitted,

E. M. EHRHORN,
Superintendent of Entomology.

73
THE GARDEN OF EDEN.

Somewhere in Arabia.

The Geographical Journal for August, 1912, reports a lecture
delivered by Sir William Willcocks, K. C. M. G., before the Royal
Geographical Society on June 10, 1912. Lecturing in November,
1909, in this hall, on "Mesopotamia, Past, Present and Future,"
he said : I placed the Garden of Eden of our Bible on the upper
Euphrates between Anah and Hit. Here must have been the
first civilized settlement of the Semites, the ancestors of the chil-
dren of Israel, as they moved down from the north-west. And
it may interest some to know that in the latitude of this region,
not far from Damascus, wild wheat plants have within recent
years been discovered. The wearing down of the cataracts de-
prived the settlers of the waters of the friendly river which had
watered their garden, and they traveled eastwards and could see
behind them nothing but the bitumen springs on the east of Eden,
which seemed to them like flaming swords in the hands of the of-
fended • seraphim. Like all early peoples they called themselves
the sons of men who had already conquered the Tigris-Euphrates
delta, and among whom had settled those of their sons whose
hands were stained with blood and who could no longer be per-
mitted to reside in the tents of their tribe.

As these people understood nature, the river by itself could not
begin life until its waters had mingled with those of the sea, and
from their union under the action of the flux and reflux of the
tides sprung the marshes where life began on earth. As a matter
of fact, salt water never reaches the marshes owing to the delta of
the Karan lying between them and the sea.

The effect of the 10- foot tide in the gulf is communicated to
the rivers, and travels up nearly 100 miles, but no salt water gets
into the marshes. To the writers of these very early epics the
Deep was a fresh-water deep.

With translations of the Babylonian tablets of creation in my
hand, and the plans and levels of the country before me, I have
endeavored, on the spot, to give local color to the passages de-
scribing the Garden of Eden of Sumer and Akkad. After some
thousands of years, the Euphrates in these reaches is again
traversing wide marshes. For some 70 miles in length the river
has left its old channel and, flowing over a flat plain some 12 miles
wide, is covering it with 2 or 3 feet of Water. I have seen Arabs
taking reeds and earth and throwing up well-projected banks in
the time of low supply and so enclosing areas of land for culti-
vation and habitation, which will be Safe from the attacks of the
Euphrates.

74

THE VIRILE BABYLONIAN.

When human beings first appeared on the earth and for many a
generation afterwards, men could only have just held their own
against wild animals and, while their dwelling-places were sur-
rounded by forests and jungles, the unending struggle must have
left them but little time to make any real advance in civilization.
It was far different in oases of Arabia and, practical oases like
Anah and Hit on the upper Euphrates. Here it was possible for
men to destroy the existing wild beasts and as their numbers
could not be recruited out of the deserts, they were exterminated ;
and men had leisure to become gradually civilized. "Amalek was
the first of the nations/' was spoken with knowledge of the Arabs
stretching from the delta of the Nile to the upper Euphrates.
Living in tents and using gourds for vessels, they have left no
traces such as we see in Egypt and Babylonia; but Arabia has
been able to pour forth from her parched loins her virile sons who
began the subjugation of both the Nile valley and the valley of
the Euphrates. Everything in Egypt was easy and to hand ; the
Nile was and is the most stately and majestic of rivers and carry-
ing a moderate amount of deposit creates no serious difficulties
for the dwellers on its banks ; the Garden of the Lord, the land
of Egypt, is very fertile; and the climate is mild in winter and
never parches in summer. Egypt, therefore, produced no world
ideas. None of her sons were possessed of a fine frenzy with
eyes glancing from heaven to earth and earth to heaven. It was
far different with Babylonia. The Tigris and Euphrates in flood
are raging torrents and their ungoverned and turbid waters need
curbing with no ordinary bridle. Babylonia's soil is very fertile,
but the winters are severe indeed and the summers savage and
prolonged. The range of temperature is between 20° and 120°
in the shade. Brought up in a hard school they possessed virile
intellects. Moses' first contact with Babylonian beliefs and cre-
ations in the house of the priest of Midian on the slopes of
Horeb, entranced him; in the burning bush of the deserts he saw
the footsteps of the Almighty, while heavenly voices spoke to him
out of the storms raging on the summit of Sinai. In connection
with this we must remember that Moses' wife is called, in one
place, a daughter of the priest of Midian, and in another a
Cushite or Babylonian woman. Her father was probably a
learned Babylonian exercising priestly functions among the Arabs.

The extraordinary dry heat of the summer, by day and by
night, gives a luster to the stars, a distinctness to the constella-
tions, and a glow to the fields of powdered stars (called here the
milky way) which cannot be conceived by one who has not spent
the whole summer in the plains of Shinar. The sons of Sumer
and Akkad were the first astronomers and thinkers of the world.
They divided the year into months, the months into weeks and

75

the weeks into days, on a system which lasted to the days of
Julius Caesar. They created the sabbath day, peopled heaven
with Cherubim and Seraphim, and they first saw Orion leading
out the starry hosts of heaven. Perennial irrigation was their
creation and that in the face of floods such as the Tigris and Eu-
phrates bring down. By their skill they introduced wheat on the
Earth, but in the domain of abstract thought they were especially
predominant. In evolution they out-Darwined Darwin.

Seeing the delta of the rivers which had been at the mercy of
the high floods, gradually reclaimed, and steady progress on every
side of them, they cast their thoughts back and saw as the begin-
ning and origin of everything, infinite chaos represented by the
devastating spirit of the floods of the river mingling with the
wasteful spirit of the sea and producing monstrous births; but
less monstrous than themselves. Tiamat, through her union with
Apsu, gave birth to Lakhmu and Lakhamu, and ages increased,
and Ansar and Kisar were born. Long were the days and dif-
ferent gods came into existence ; then long intervals of time
elapsed and the good gods were evolved, each better than those
who gave them birth, until finally Marduk appeared, the greatest
and most beneficent of all.

SITE OF THE GARDEN.

Now, where was the original home of these interesting people,
to whom we all owe so much? For reasons already given, it
must have been in some country of oases surrounded by deserts,
and Arabia is such a country, and at their very doors. The
oases of Arabia are close at hand to both the Nile and the Eu-
phrates and the natural overflow of the surplus population would
be Egypt and Babylonia.

Every part of the Euphrates delta, from Hit to the Persian
gulf, has at some time or another been called "Eden," the irri-
gated and cultivated plain, as distinct from "Kura," the unirri-
gable hill or plain. So in Egypt today the "reef" is the irrigated
plain and everything else is the "jebel," the desert where there is
no rain and hill or mountain where there is rain. Soil and cli-
mate are eminently suited to fruit gardening. From date palms
and oranges to peaches and plums every fruit tree is at home.
The date palm is really the indigenous tree of the country. "Put
its feet in water and its head in hell and it will do all the rest," is
the saying of the people.

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Dr. WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director Chilean Nitrate Propaganda
No Branch Offices 17 Madison Avenue, New York

Car Irons— Steel Cars— Portable Track

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Plant at Koppel, Pa. 5 Plants in Europe. 60 Branches

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Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions otrictly confidential. HANDBOOK on Patents
sent free. Oldest ajency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice^ without c harg e, in the

Scientific American.

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culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year ; four months, f L Sold by all newsdealers.

MUNN&Co. 36 ' 6 ™^ New York

Branch Office, 635 F St., Washington, D. C. ,

Garden and Farm Tools

and Implements

To do good farming you must have up to date tools
to work with. We carry a most complete line of every-
thing needed by the small or large farmer, from the
smallest hand trowel to the largest cane plow. We
also have a good assortment of Hand, Bucket or Barrel
Sprayers. Our assortment of Hoes, Shovels, Spades,
Mattocks, Rakes, Garden Shears, Lawn Mowers, Garden
Hose, and other things that are needed daily about the
farm or garden, is most complete and our stock large.

_

E. O. HALL & SON, LTD.

OFFICERS AND STAFF OF THE BOARD OF COMMIS-
SIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY.

COMMISSIONERS.

Walter M. Giffard, President and Executive Officer.
J. M. Dowsett Arthur H. Rice

H. M. von Holt Albert Waterhouse

DIVISION OF FORESTRY*

Ralph S. Hosmer, Superintendent of Forestry and Chief Fire Warden.

David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman.

Joseph F. Rock, Consulting Botanist.

Bro. Matthias Newell, in charge of Sub- Nursery at Hilo, Hawaii.

Walter D. McBryde, in charge of Sub- Nursery at Homestead, Kauai,

David Kapihe, Forest Ranger for Tantalus*

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Edward M. Ehrhorn, Superintendent of Entomology and Chief Plant In-
spector*

D. B. Kuhns, Plant Inspector.

Bro. M. Newell, Fruit and Plant Inspector, Hilo, Hawaii.

E. Madden, ] f Mahukona, Hawaii.

W. O. Aiken,
W. D. McBryde,
Dr, W, B. Deas,
Capt. C.F.Turner
G. C. Munro, J

Honorary Plant
Inspector at

Kahului.Maui,
Koloa, Kauai,
Jlana, Maui.
Kaanapali, Maui.
^Manele, Lanai

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.
Victor A. Norgaard, Superintendent of Animal Industry and Territorial

Veterinarian.
L. N. Case, Assistant Territorial Veterinarian.
H, B. Elliot, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Hawaii.
J. C. -Fitzgerald, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Maui.
A. R, Gtaisyer, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Kauai.

CLERICAL STAFF

Mrs. A. Oram, Stenographer arid Librarian.

Mrs. C. L. Seybolt, Clerk.

Daniel Logan, Editor of the "Forester."

PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION.

Any one or all of the publications listed below (except those marked
9 ) will be sent to residents of this Territory, free, upon application to
ICailing Clerk, P. O. Box 207, Honolulu.

BOAED. j

Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry for 1900; 66 pp.
Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry for 1902 ; 88 pp.
* £drst Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, irom

July 1, 1903, to December 31, 1904; ] 70 pp.
Second Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the

year ending December 31, 1905; 240 pp. ; 8 plates; 10 text figures.
7>ird Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the

year ending December 31, 1906; 212 pp.; 3 plates; 4 maps; 7 text figured.
Fourth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, fo*

the calendar year ending December 31, 1907; 202 pp.; 7 plates.
Fifth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Is

the calendar year ending December 31, 1908; 218 pp.; 34 plates.
Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the biennial

period ending December 31, 1910; 240 pp.; 45 plates.
"Notice to Importers," by H. E. Cooper; 4 pp.; 1903. _

"Digest of the Statutar. Relating to Importation, Soils, Plants, Fruit* Ttftfable^

**c. into the Tezrjory of Hawaii." General Circular No. 1; 6 jv

PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION-Continwcd.

'"important Notice to Ship Owners, Fruit Importers and Otherc Rules and Reg*" 1
tions Prohibiting the Introduction of Certain Pests and Animals into the Terri-
tory of Hwaii." General Circular No. 2; 3 pp.; 1904.

"Law and Regulations, Importation and Inspection of Hone/ Bees and Honey."
General Circular No. 3; 7 pp.; 1908.

"The Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist," a monthly magazine. Vols. I to VII;
1904-1910. To be obtained from the Hawaiian Gazette Co., Honolulu. Price
$1 a year.

DIVISION OF FOBESTRY.

* "Forest and Ornamental Tree Seed for Sale at Government Nursery." Press

Bulletin No. 1; 3 pp.; 1905.

* "Suggestions in Regard to the Arbor Day Tree Planting Contest." Press Bulletin

No. 2; 7 pp.; 1905.
"An Offer of Practical Assistance to Tree Planters." Circular No. 1; 6 pp.; 1905.
"Revised List of Forest and Ornamental Tree Seed for Sale at the Government

Nursery." Press Bulletin No. 3 ; 4 pp.; 1906.

* "Instructions for Propagating and Planting Forest Trees." Press Bulletin No.

4; 4 pp.; 1906.

"Instructions for Planting Forest, Shade and Ornamental Trees." Press Bulletin
No. 5; 7 pp.; 1909.

"Na Hoakaka no ke Kanu Ana i na Laau Malumalu ame na Laau Hoohiwahiwa."
Press Bulletin No. 6; 8 pp.; 1909.

"Eucalyptus Culture in Hawaii," by Louis Margolin. Bulletin No. 1; 88 pp.; 12
plates; 1911.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1905. Re-
print from Second Report of the Board; 77 pp.; 5 plates.

* Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1906. Re-

print from Third Report of the Board; 123 pp.; 4 maps.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1907. Re-
print from Fourth Report of the Board; 70 pp.
-eport 9f the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1908. Re-
print from Fifth Report of the Board; 85 pp.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the biennial period ending December 31,
1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 86 pp.; 22 plates.
DIVISION ON ENTOMOLOGY.

"The Leaf-Hopper of th^ $ugar Cane," by R. C. L. Perkins. Bulletin No. 1;
38 pp.; 1903.

** "A Catalogue of the Hemipterous Family Aleyrodidae," by G. W. Kirkaldy, an£
"Aleyrodidae of Hawaii and Fiji with Descriptions of New Species," by Jacob
Kotinsky. Bulletin No. 2; 102 pp.; 1 plate; 1907.

* "On Some Diseases of Cane Specially Considered in Relation to the Leaf-Hopper

Pest and to the Stripping of Cane," by R. C. L. Perkins. Press Bulletin

iCo. 1: 4 pp.; 1904.
A Circular of Information," by Jacob Kotinsky. Circular No. 1; 8 pp.; 1905.
The Japanese Beetle Fungus," by Jacob Kotinsky and Bro. M. Newell. Circular

No. 2; 4 pp., cut; 1905.
Rule VII: "Concerning the Prevention of Distribution of the Mediterranean Fruit

Fly"; unnumbered leaflet; 1910.
tcule VIII: "'Concerning the Importation of all Banana Fruit, Banana Shoots or

Plants"; unnumbered leaflet; 1911.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1905.

Reprint from Second Report of the Board; 68 pp.; 3 plates; 10 text figures,
♦©port of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1906.

Reprint from Third Report of the Board; 25 pp.; 7 text figures.
t»r*ort of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1907.

Reprint from Fourth Report of the Board; 18 pp.; 1 plate.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1908.

Reprint from Fifth Report of the Board: 26 pp.; 2 plates.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the biennial period ending December 8i,

1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 70 pp.; 10 plates.
DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

* "inspection of Imported Live Stock." Rule 1; 1 p.; 1905.

* "Inspection and Testing of Imported Live Stock for Glanders and Tuberculosis.*

Rule 2; 1 p.; 1905.

* "Concerning GIande?ed Horse Stock in the Territory." Rule 3; 1 p.; 1905.

* "To Amend Rule 1, Inspection of imported Live Stock." Rule 4; 1 p.; 1907.

* "Quarantine of Horse Stock from California." Rule 8 ; 1 p. ; 1908.

'•Rules and Regulations, Inspection and Testing of Live Stock." Rules and Laws;

11 pp.; unnumbered pamphlet; Revised 1910.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1905

Reprint from Second Report of the Board; 62 pp.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1906.

Reprint from Third Report of the Board; 41 pp.; 3 plates.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1907.

Reprint from the Fourth Report of the Board; 104 pp.; 6 plates.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1908.

Reprint from Fifth Report of the Board: 44 pp.
Jteport of the Division of Animal Industry, for the biennial period ending December

31, 1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 59 pp.; 13 plates.

• Out of xateX