Storage

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Vol. X.

JUNE, 1913

No. 6

Price, 10c. Per Copy; Per Annum, $1.00; Foreign, $1.25.

THE^-

Hawaiian forester

AND

Agriculturist

A MONTHLY MAGAZINE
OF

Forestry, Entomology and Agriculture

ISSUED UNDER THE DIRECTION
OF THE

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE
AND FORESTRY.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.
Entered as second-class matter at the Post office, at Honolulu, Hawafi.

ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO

DANIEL- LOGAN,

EDITOR "THE FORESTER,"

P. O. BOX 366,

HONOLULU, H.T.

For business relating to advertising or subscriptions, address

Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd., Publishers,
von Holt Block, 65 S. King St,, Honolulu Hawaii.

THE UNIVERSITY r MICHIGAN 'LIBRARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS*

PAGE.

Exchange Changes Owners 141

Three Forest Reserves on Oahu . . . 141

Division of Animal Industry 148

Division of Entomology 151

Division of Forestry 153

The Cooperative Credit Movement 156

Planting Cocoa 158

Manuring Trees 160

Dry Rot of the Irish Potato. 160

The Dairy Cow 162

New Weed Exterminator 163

Paper from Bamboo 163

Goats 164

Ancestors of Polyphemus 165

Combating Cutworms 165

New Egyptian Grass Good for Cattle 166

By Authority (Proclamation of Forest Reserves) 167

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREE SEED AND SEEDLINGS FOR
SALE AT THE GOVERNMENT NURSERY.

The Division of Forestry keeps constantly on hand at the Govern-
ment Nursery, seed and seedlings of the important native and introduced
trees. These are sold at prices just covering the cost of collection or
growing.

The list includes both forest and ornamental trees, such as Silk Oak,
Koa, various species of Eucalyptus, Golden and Pink Showers, Pride of
India, Poinciana, Albizzia, etc. The price of the seed varies from 10
5o 50 cents per ounce. The seedlings may be had for 2*4 cents each,
except a few kinds which are 5 cents. Seed of the various palms is also
for sale; the price per 100 varying from $1.00 to $2.50. All seed is tested
before being sent out, which insures its being good.

All communications in regard to seed or trees should be addressed to
David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman, Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii.

RALPH S. HOSMER,
Superintendent of Forostry.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

To give information about insects free of charge is one of the duties
of this Division and Hawaiian readers are hereby invited to make in-
quiry in person and by mail. In order to be able to advise intelligently
. or send the right kind of useful insects for relief we like and sometimei
it is indispensable for us to see the insect suspected or caught in the act>
also specimens of the injury. In a tin with a hole or two, or a wooden
box specimens may be mailed at 3rd class rates. When specimens are
not accompanied by letter always write your name and address in the
npper left-hand corner of the package. Address all communications
SUPERINTENDENT DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, P. O. BOX 207

HONOLULU, HA WAIT,

EDW. M. EHRHORN,

SiperinUndent.

THE JHAWAIIAN

FORESTER i AGRICULTURIST

Vol. X. JUNE, 1913. No. 6.

EXCHANGE CHANGES OWNERS.

Among the most valued of our exchanges has always been the
Tropical Agriculturist, published at Colombo, Ceylon. Its issue
for March last contains an interesting announcement beginning
thus: "The Tropical Agriculturist, hitherto the property of
Messrs. A. M. & J. Ferguson, has been acquired by the Ceylon
Agricultural Society who are now the sole owners of the journal.
This is an event on whicji we think we may congratulate both the
society and Messrs. Ferguson ; the former on having become the
owner of the foremost unofficial journal of tropical agriculture in
the world, the latter on having successfully relaunched a great
journal upon a career which we hope will be a fitting sequel to
its past by achieving yet greater popularity. " In further remarks
the journal says that, while the affairs of the society owning it
must come first, "yet its responsibilities extend far beyond the
limits of this island, embracing indeed the whole tropic world
and much of the sub-tropic. " This view of itself by the Tropical
Agriculturist may be conscientiously endorsed by the Hawaiian
Forester and Agriculturist, which finds valuable resources of se-
lected matter for its pages in its Ceylon contemporary, as well
as noting with pleasure that the latter frequently utilizes the in-
formation put forth by experts connected with the territorial and
federal agricultural investigations constantly being made in the
Hawaiian Islands.

THREE FOREST RESERVES ON OAHU.

On May 31, 1913, the Governor of Hawaii and members of the
Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry held a pub-
lic hearing to consider the setting apart of three forest reserves
in the Waianae District, Island of Oahu. The areas proposed
to be reserved consist of the slopes at the heads of the valleys
of Nanakuli, Keaau and Makua and of the upper part of the land
of Kuaokala. Altogether the area amounts to 6160 acres, of
which all but 340 acres is government land.

The object in setting apart these reserves is to bring about the
reforestation of the upper portions of the valleys named, with
native Hawaiian vegetation — trees, shrubs and other under-

142

growth. When the old time cover is restored it is believed that
the springs and small streams rising on the slopes can be much
more depended on than at present. In a district naturally as
dry as is Waianae, every possible source of water counts, and is
therefore worthy of being carefully protected. The creation of
these reserves is a step in this direction.

Following are the reports of the Superintendent of Forestry
setting forth the reasons why these areas should be made forest
reserves. All three projects have been approved by Committee
on Forestry, and its recommendations were adopted by the full
Board at the meeting held on March 21, 1913:

REPORTS OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY.

NA'NAKULI FOREST RESERVE.

Honolulu, Hawaii, August 9, 1912.

Committee on Forestry, Board of Commissioners of Agriculture
and Forestry, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Gentlemen : — Following is a report, with recommendations,
upon the setting apart as a forest reserve of the mauka portion
of the unleased government land of Nanakuli, District of Wai-
anae, Island of Oahu : 1010 acres.

The proposed Nanakuli Forest Reserve joins on the north the
Lualualei Forest Reserve, proclaimed November 30, 1906, and on
the east a proposed reserve embracing the upper portions of the
fee simple land of Honouliuli, which latter project will shortly be
brought before the Board for* consideration.

Nanakuli is the first from the south end, of the valleys on the
western side of the Waianae Hills. In topography it is similar
to the other valleys on that side of the range, as far as and includ-
ing Makua. All present essentially the same problems and in
general should be treated more or less alike, although each valley
has an individuality that makes separate consideration desirable.

One essential point in common is that all these valleys are on
the lee side of Oahu and hence are in a dry district where every
source of water, present or prospective, has high value. The
forest problems here are to restore, as far as may be practicable,
the original conditions of forest cover on the upper slopes, where
appear the scanty but highly valuable springs, and to arrange
for the extension of the forest, naturally or by artificial planting,
on such sections of the lower slopes as cannot to good advantage
be devoted to more intensive forms of agriculture.

In Nanakuli the forest line has been drawn around the upper
portion of the valley, at the base of the steep slopes. Above this
line, in my judgment, the native forest should be assisted to come
back and should thereafter be there maintained. If this is done
I believe that springs that are now irregular and that flow only

143

for a short time after rains will be made more steady and depend-
able. It is not contended that even with a dense forest cover on
the slopes — of trees, shrubs and undergrowth — would the flow of
these springs be permanent, but it is my belief that were the native
forest restored, the regularity and duration of their flow would
be sufficiently improved to justify the gathering of water, at any
rate for a part of the year, through a pipe system from different
sources, into centrally located tanks or reservoirs where the water
would be available for^use in connection with the lower lands.
The first move in such a program is to get the forest back; the
initial step is to set the area apart as a forest reserve. The pur-
pose of this report is to recommend such action. The area is 1010
acres.

Nanakuli is a government land on which a grazing lease, held
by the Dowsett Company for a considerable term of years, ex-
pired last February. The lower lands of Nanakuli are now
(August, 1911) being again offered for lease. One of the con-
ditions of the new lease is that a fence shall be built and main-
tained on specified portions of the forest line, whereby the forest
will be protected. The remainder of the forest line, along the
lower boundaries, follows natural barriers where fencing is un-
necessary. The upper boundary of the proposed reserve is the
crest of the main Waianae ridge.

One point about the boundary on its lower side perhaps deserves
special mention, the inclusion in the forest reserve of the small
lateral valley on the right or east side of Nanakuli Valley. There
is now no water in this valley, but while obviously it is of much
less moment than the section nearer the head of the valley, it
seems to me that it should be included in the reserve. I en-
deavored to have the fencing provision in the Nanakuli lease in-
clude this lateral valley as well as the area further mauka. This
was not done. Consequently, while included in the reserve this
side valley will not be fenced off. The upper slopes are, how-
ever, fairly steep so that to some extent they protect themselves.

At present the forest in Nanakuli, apart from Algaroba on the
lower lands and scattering groups of Kukui along some of the
stream beds, is limited to groups of native trees well up on the
slopes where they have been more or less out of the reach of cat-
tle. With the construction of the fence on the forest line depre-
dations by grazing will be stopped and much young growth, both.
of trees and undergrowth, ought soon to be in evidence. The
ultimate object is to get back on the slopes as dense a cover of
native forest as possible — in other words/to restore the jungle.

As well as from grazing the forest in Nanakuli has been sub-
jected to injury by goats. Systematic shooting by Mr. H. M.
von Holt above his outing house, "Pa Lehua," has helped to keep
the goats away from the ridges at the head of Nanakuli, but a
considerable band is said still to infest the crag on the west side
of the valley known as Haleakala. One difficulty in arranging

144

for hunting goats here as a condition of the lease of the lower
Nanakuli lands is that the Haleakala ridge is partly in Lualualei.
Under the new lease of Nanakuli provision is made, along with
clauses covering the exclusion of cattle from the forest area, for
some goat hunting, but to exterminate the goats regular hunters
will probably have to be employed by the government. This is
a matter which ought to receive attention, not only in Nanakuli,
but as well in all the valleys along the leeward coast of Oahu.

For the reasons above set forth, — in brief, that by helping the
native forest to come back at the head of Nanakuli Valley, the
local water supply stands to be improved, I do now recommend
that the Board of Agriculture and Forestry approve the setting
apart of the area covered by the following technical description
prepared by the Government Survey Office, as the Nanakuli
Forest Reserve, and I further recommend that the Governor of
the Territory of Hawaii be requested to proceed after the cus-
tomary manner, officially to set this area apart.

[The technical description of boundary is here omitted as it
will later be published in the Forester as a part of the proclama-
tion of the Nanakuli Forest Reserve.]

Very respectfully,

Ralph S. Hosmer,
Superintendent of Forestry.

MAKUA-KEAAU FOREST RESERVE.

Honolulu, Hawaii, September 10, 1912.

Committee on Forestry, Board of Agriculture and Forestry, Ho-
nolulu, Hawaii.

Gentlemen : — I have the honor to submit as follows a report
recommending the creation of a forest reserve and the setting
apart as portions thereof of parts of the government lands of
Makua, Kahanahaiki and Keaau in the District of Waianae,
Island of Oahu. Included in the proposed reserve is also a small
portion of the privately owned land of Ohikilolo, belonging to
Mr. L. L. McCandless; (340 acres). The lower portions of the
two government lands first named are under lease to Mr. Mc-
Candless for a ten-year period, until February 21, 1920. The
•lease (No. 730) contains the provision that a fence shall be built
on the forest reserve boundary within one year after the date
of the creation of the forest reserve. The total area of the pro-
posed reserve, which I suggest be called the Makua Forest
Reserve, is 4716 acres.

The object of the proposed Makua Forest Reserve is to con-
trol the slopes at the heads of the several important valleys on
the leeward side of the Waianae Range. The idea is, eventually,
to replace on these slopes a dense cover of forest — Hawaiian trees,
shrubs and undergrowth — in the expectation that thereby the

145

local sources of water may be protected and the flow from them
made more dependable, if indeed in some cases it cannot be in-
creased.

The problem presented in these valleys is one common to all
the lands on the lee side of the Waianae Range. This is naturally
a dry district, with only a few permanent sources of water. Most
of what there are are at best intermittent. Bijt in view of th£
great need for water hereabout it is highly important that all
possible sources of supply should be conserved and developed.
As I have recently argued this point in a report on Nanakuli
(dated August 9, 1912) it is unnecessary further to enlarge upon
it here.

Unfortunately the native forest on the slopes at the upper ends
of Makua and Keaau Valleys has suffered severely in the past
both from stock grazing from* below and from the ravages of wild
goats from above. Through these agencies the former native
forest was opened up and the undergrowth destroyed. In many
places the old forest has now wholly disappeared.

The natural consequence is that the springs have dried up or
have become very irregular in flow. With the restoration, as far
as is now possible, of the original forest conditions it seems to
me reasonable to expect an improvement in the local water
situation.

Naturally the first step in such a program is to clear the slopes
of cattle and to get rid of the goats. A start has been made in
the latter particular by the hunting that has gone on at intervals
at Makua. Systematically followed up it ought now to be pos-
sible at reasonable expense practically to exterminate the go:«ts
in this section.

With the construction of several comparatively short stretches
of fence between natural barriers across several of the lateral
valleys cattle can be excluded from the mauka section. It is not
necessary that the whole forest line be fenced; certain portions
only will be sufficient.

Where there are still groups of trees left to furnish seed, the
native forest ought gradually to come back naturally. It goes
without saying that could the process be assisted results could
be hoped for much earlier than where nature is left to take her
own course. On the lower scopes of all the valleys the Algaroba
is spreading rapidly. It will soon form a cover, at any rate up to
an elevation of from 800 to 1000 feet. The principal purpose oi
this Forest Reserve is to help in getting back the native Hawaiian
forest at the heads of the valleys where are most of the water
heads.

The forest line across these lands was first laid out some five
years ago. This last spring the section across Makua was slightly
modified to facilitate fencing. As has already been said the lease
of Makua carries a fencing clause. The lower part of Keaau has
been cut up and sold as homesteads. It is required that the mauka

146

line of the top lots be fenced. Up to a few months ago no fencing
had been made, but the time is not up for another year.

The Makua Forest Reserve project has been pending for a
considerable time, one reason for the delay in getting final action
on it being that it was expected to include all the forest lands
on the Waianae hills in one reserve, and Makua was held up
awaiting action on other tracts. It has lately been decided to
set apart several smaller forest reserves, separately.

Based on the reasons herein set forth, I do now recommend
that the Board approve as the Makua-Keaau Forest Reserve the
area covered by the technical description which accompanies this
report, and that the Governor of the Territory be called upon to
hold the required hearing and thereafter to create this resene
and set apart as portions of it the government lands within it*
bounds.

[The technical description of boundary, prepared as C. S. F.
No. 2396 by the Territorial Survey Office, is here omitted, as it
will be published later in the Forester as a part of the proclama-
tion of the Makua-Keaau Forest Reserve.]

Very respectfully,

Ralph S. Hosmer,
Superintendent of Forestry.

KUAOKALA FOREST RESERVE.

September 9, 1912.

Committee on Forestry. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture
and Forestry, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Gentlemen: — The following report recomending the setting*
apart as a forest reserve of a portion of the government land of
Kaena, Kuaokala Mountain, District of Waialua, Island of Oahu,
is respectfully submitted for your consideration.

The area proposed to be set apart is situated on the upland
plateau mauka of Kaena Point at the western extremity of the
Waianae Range It includes part of the government lands of
Kuaokala, District of Waialua and Kaawaula (government), Dis-
trict of Waianae. Both lands are now under lease to Mr. L. L.
McCandless, respectively Leases No. 739 (expiring Jan. 1, 1916)
and 730 (expiring February 21, 1920). The total area of the pro-
posed Kuaokala Forest Reserve is 434 acres.

Kuaokala consists of a gently sloping upland, much cut up
by lateral valleys, most of which run toward the north. It is
cut off from the low lands along the shore by a steep pali and is
only accessible over rough trails. The approximate elevation of
the mauka part of the upland is from 1400 to 1500 feet. The
land has been used for a long time for grazing cattle. Of late
years, at any rate, it has been but comparatively lightly stocked.

The purpose in proposing the reservation of a part of Kuaokala
for forestry is to secure protection for a water head that locally

147

is of high importance, near the upper end of one of the main
branches of Manini Gulch. Here, a little above a dairy house
built by the late Sam Andrews, a tunnel has been dug from which
a comparatively small but constant flow is secured. When I was
there in February last it was estimated that the flow was about
2000 gallons.

In the valley above the tunnel is a fair stand of Kukui trees.
Further mauka, on the ridge between the head of this valley and
the small basin at the head of Keekee Gulch, "Malokea," there
is Ohia Lehua, with other trees and native vegetation. In the
adjoining Kaluakauila Gulch, that runs to the south, is a fairly
heavy stand of forest.

The slopes of the small valleys on Kuaokala are not steep
enough to serve as natural barriers; neither are they first class
grazing land. While the area of the reserve is 434 acres, I should
say that all but about 100 acres could be spared from the grazing
area without material inconvenience.

A number of the ridges between the gulches named show the
results of goat work, which has started erosion. Goats are said
now to have been pretty well driven off Kuaokala through con-
tinued hunting.

The main trouble at Kuaokala is the cost of fencing, and to be
effective this forest reserve must be fenced, it is a difficult place
to which to bring material. There are no posts to be cut locally.
The expense will necessarily be high. About 10,000 feet of fence
would be required, from the corner of the boundary fence near
Puu Hakakoa, along the north side of the proposed reserve and
across the Manini Gulch at the tunnel above Andrews' old house.
The boundary on the south side follows an old fence line on which
the posts are for the most part still available for use and some
of the wire. This old fence runs to a pali beyond which, to the
east, except perhaps for one short stretch, the boundary follows
a ridge where fencing is unnecessary. I understand that there
are a good many more posts along the line of this old fence for a
way toward Kaena point, that might be utilized in building the
fence line along the proposed forest reserve. Under the pro-
visions of Lease 739 a fence must be built on the forest reserve
line within one year from the date of the proclamation of the
reserve.

' Based on the contention that the water on Kuaokala is of suf-
ficient importance to warrant that somewhat expensive measure
be taken to safeguard its apparent source, I do now recommend
that the Board approve as the Kuaokala Forest Reserve the area
described in the following paragraphs, and that the Governor be
requested, after the required Hearing has been held, so as to set
apart the land, in accordance with law,,

[The Survey Department's description (C. B. F. Number 2364)

148

is here omitted as it will later be published in the Forester as a
part of the proclamation of this Reserve.]

Very respectfully,

Ralph S. Hosmer,
Superintendent of Forestry.

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

Honolulu, June 4, 1913.

Hon. W. M. Giffard, President and 'Executive Officer, Board of
Agriculture and Forestry.

Sir: — I have the honor to report on the work of this Division
for the month of May, 1913, as follows:

Honolulu Quarantine Station.

i

All of the pens and enclosures have now been finished so that
they may be said to be in perfect order and it is believed much
stronger than they ever were before.

The sanding of all parts of posts, gates and plates that are at all
exposed from the teeth of horses and mules has proven abso-
lutely effective in preventing the animals from biting them.

A gate has been cut in the solid board fence leading into the
glanders division and an alleyway built from this gate to the
testing chute so that animals arriving and leaving may be taken
through this chute to have halters removed or replaced without,
as hitherto, having taken them out on the road and risking their
escape.

The concrete work in the dog division is well under way, though
work has had to be temporarily suspended on account of the rainy
weather.

Hilo Quarantine Station.

Dr. Elliot reports that work on this Station has been started,
and he requests that the caretaker be appointed at the earliest
possible date in order that he may put him to work on the macada-
mizing in the shelter sheds, which it became necessary to cut out
of the specifications for lack of funds. He states that there is
plenty of rock available which this man can gather and use as a
foundation on which small crushed rock can later be placed.

Cerebro Spinal Meningitis.

As was expected this disease has made its appearance following
the recent rains, and it is possible that severe losses will occur

149

in the sections where this disease is known to recur annually. It
has already been reported from both Molokai and Maui, and a
new outbreak among the Government mules at Fort Shafter in-
dicates that the disease may even be looked for from places where
it has never been known to occur before. Four fine mules were
taken with the disease during the middle and latter part of last
week, and in the course of four or five days every one was dead
in spite of the efforts of the military veterinarians as well as my-
self to relieve their suffering.

The true nature of this disease is absolutely unknown even
though no other epidemic has been given so much attention as
this one during the past year when it is estimated that the loss
in the United States amounted to between 50,000 to 60,000 head
during the month of August and September alone. The disease
is supposed by some investigators to be caused by a molded or
musty feed, while others are inclined to consider it as an infec-
tious disease.

Hog Cholera.

This disease, which has hitherto occurred in these Islands only
in an extremely mild form, seems of late to have gained in viru-
lence, and considerable losses have been reported, especially in
this city and vicinity. It is estimated that more than 1,000 hogs
have died and the disease seems to be spreading steadily. The
latest form of treatment for this disease consists in the hypodermic
injection of blood serum taken from animals which have recovered
from the disease, but this treatment is both expensive and difficult
to apply. The price of treatment for a full grown hog ranges
from $1.50 to $2.00, while smaller animals may be treated for
from 50 cents to $1.00. A detailed statement of what has been
done in this line will be found in the appended report of the
Assistant Territorial Veterinarian.

Tuberculosis Control Work.

The regular annual test of all dairy cattle in the County has
now been started. As authorized by the Board the services of
Mr. Joe Richards, formerly City Milk Inspector, have been se-
cured and the work is now being systematized in such a way that
all herds may be tested with as little inconvenience to the owners
as possible.

Very respectfully,

Victor A. Norgaard,
Territorial Veterinarian.

ISO

REPORT OF ASSISTANT VETERINARIAN.

Honolulu, June 4, 1913.
Dr. V. A. Norgaard, Chief of Division of Animal Industry.

Sir: — I hereby submit the following report for the month of
May, 1913 :

Tuberculosis Control.

No testing has been done this past month due to the lack of
transportation and an assistant. The services of Mr. Joseph
Richards, one time City and County Milk Inspector, have been
obtained for this Division by the Board of Commissioners, and
in a day or two the necessary repairs to the machine will be com-
pleted when we can again start on this important work. The
tfest this year, which is the fourth general test of the dairies in
the City and County, should total close to 6,000 head of cattle.

Hog Cholera.

Several outbreaks of Hog Cholera have occurred during the
past month in which the disease has assumed a greater virulence
than has been experienced before in this Territory, and the re-
sultant loss has been very heavy in some districts. Until recently
Hog Cholera has never taken a prominent place in the list of
diseases affecting live stock in this Territory. Assuming a very
mild type it has been easily controlled by strict sanitation and pro-
phylactic measures in the diet and care of the animals. Now,
however, such measures seem to be of little avail and in order to
control and entirely eradicate this disease an entirely different
line of treatment has been inaugurated.

The treatment now being followed consists of subcutaneous in-
jections of anti-hog cholera serum. This produces a passive im-
munity lasting from five to six months and enables the animals to
successfully pass through an outbreak of the disease. We feel
confident that we can by this means materially reduce the losses
from this disease and keep it under control.

On the 22nd of May a valuable herd of twenty-seven (27)
hogs owned by the College of Hawaii were given subcutaneous
injections of anti-hog cholera serum varying in amounts from 10
to SO cc. according to the size of the animals. A short time before
the treatment was applied it had been reported at this office that
hog cholera had broken out in this herd with the loss of two ani-
mals. Serum was immediately cabled for and upon arrival the
remaining animals were at once treated. Since then no deaths
have occurred and temporary immunity to the disease has been
established.

Great care is necessary to prevent abscess formation at the point
of injection. Thorough disinfection and clean surface are abso-
lute requirements; 5 per cent, carbolic acid or a strong solution

151

of creoline or chloronaptholeum ; scrubbing brush and sponge
are all that is needed to prepare the site for the inoculation. The
point of injection is usually the inner surface of the thigh, the
one exception to this being sows heavy in pig and which have
to be handled with great care to prevent abortion. In such ani-
mals the serum is injected behind the ear.

Importations of Live Stock.

The following steamers have been boarded and the following
live stock inspected and admitted to the Territory during the past
month. Nineteen steamers have been boarded, nine of which were
found carrying live stock as follows :

May 6 — S. S. Lurline, San Francisco 26 mules, Schuman
Carriage Company.

May 9 — S. S. Mongolia, San Francisco: 1 crate chickens, 1
crate (2) Angora cats, A. W. Pavo.

May 12 — S. S. Ventura, San Francisco: 2 crates chickens.

May 13 — S. S. Hilonian, Seattle: 6 Angus bulls, Maui Agri-
cultural Company.

May 13 — S. S. Wilhelmina, San Francisco: 11 crates poultry;
1 dog, Capt. Winne.

May 19 — S. S. Honolulan, San Francisco: 21 mules, Schuman
Carriage Co. ; 13 horses, Hawaiian Dredging Company ; 2 horses,
Capt. Holbrook ; 1 dog, T. A. Montgomery ; 23 crates poultry.

May 26 — S. S. Sierra, San Francisco: 30 crates poultry; 1
dog, A. B. Camp.

May 26 — S. S. Mexican, Seattle: 24 horses, Chas. Bellina.

May 26— S. S. Siberia, Orient: 1 dog, J. B. Reutiers.

Respectfully submitted,

L. N. Case,
Assistant Territorial Veterinarian.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Honolulu, May 31, 1913.
Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu.

Gentlemen : — I respectfully submit my report of the work of
the Division of Entomology for the month of May, as follows :

During the month 40 vessels arrived at the Port of Honolulu
of which 24 carried vegetable matter and 1 moulding sand.

Disposal Lots Parcels

Passed as free from pests 677 13,222

Fumigated 9 424

Burned 48 65

Returned 1 1

Total inspected 735 13,712

152

Of these shipments 13,274 packages came as freight, 117 pack-
ages in the U. S. mail and 321 packages in baggage of pas-
sengers.

Rice.

During the month the following shipments of rice arrived :

From Japan 19, 704 bags.

From China, 1.400 bags, 500 mats.

Of this lot 300 bags of rice were found infested with the rice
moth (Paralepia modesta). We compelled the consignee to fumi-
gate the shipment under our supervision and at his own expense.
All the other shipments were found free from pests and were
allowed to be delivered.

Pests Intercepted.

Thirty-eight packages of fruit and 24 packages of vegetables
were found in the baggage of passengers and immigrants from
the Orient. These were all seized and destroyed.

In a shipment of seeds from Manila we found two seed weevils
(Araeocerus species and Cryptorhynchus species). The latter
species would no doubt cause considerable damage to large seed
pods in the Territory as it is closely allied to the Mango weevil
(Cryptorphynchus mangiferae) which attacks the seeds of the
mango and causes decay and premature dropping of the fruit.

On a shipment of Orchids we found Mealybugs (Pseudococcus
citri) and the Purple scale {Lepidosaphes beckii) ; also the larvae
of the Orchid borer (Acytheopeus aterrimus). After fumigation
each orchid was gone over carefully and all those infested were
rejected.

In soil from Japan we found the pupa and larva of a large
fly (Ptecticus species). This insect is closely allied to one of our
decay flies so commonly found in over ripe bananas and vege-
tables.

Hilo Inspection.

Brother M. Newell reports the arrival of eight steamers and
two sailing vessels. Five of the steamers brought vegetable mat-
ter consisting of 115 lots and 2381 packages. After all celery,
carrots and beets had been washed they were allowed to be de-
livered. One sailing vessel had soil as ballast which was dumped
at sea.

Beneficial Insects.

Owing to the abundance of the Japanese beetle many parties
have brought live beetles for inoculation and 26 lots of inoculated
beetles have been sent out during the month.

153

Inter-Island Inspection.

During the month of May 68 steamers were attended to and
the following shipments were passed:

Plants 65 packages

Taro 738 bags

Fruit 16 packages

Sugar cane (plants) 400 cases

Lily root 12 packages

Cocoanuts (sprouting) 10

Total passed 1241 packages

The following packages were refused shipment:

Fruit "16 packages

Plants, rejected on account of soil 21 "

Vegetables, rejected on account of soil. 4 "

Total refused shipment 41 packages

Respectfully submitted,

E. M. Ehrhorn,
Superintendent of Entomology.

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

Honolulu, May 31, 1913,

The Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry.
Gentlemen: — I have the honor to submit as follows the

routine report of the Division of Forestry for May, 1913:
Forest Reserve Matters.

During the month I made an inspection trip of five days to the
Island of Kauai to look into questions of fence building on forest
reserve boundaries above Lihue, Kealia and Moloaa. Earlier in
the month, in company with the Governor, the Land Commis-
sioner and the Surveyor, I visited the land of Hauula in reference
to the forest boundary across that land, and on another day
made an inspection of certain water developments in the Pupukea
Forest Reserve.

Not a little of my time during May was spent in attending to
details in regard to two proposed forest reserves on the Island

154

of Hawaii and one on Oahu. As soon as the official descriptions
are received these projects will be submitted to the Board.

On May 31, the Governor and members of the Board held a
public hearing at the Government Nursery to consider setting
apart three tracts, mainly of Government land, in the Waianae
District, Oahu, as forest reserves. The lands are the upper por-
tions of the valleys of Makua-Keaau 4716 acres, Nanakuli 1010
acres, and the Makua part of the land of Kuaokala 434 acres.
In all 6160 acres, of which only 340 acres (a fee simple land in
Keaau valley) is in private ownership. No one appeared at the
hearing in opposition to the creation of these reserves.

Forest Fire.

While on Kauai I learned of a small grass and brush fire that
had occurred on^or about May 20, on land immediately above
the mauka Kapaa homesteads. The fire got away from a home-
steader who was clearing land, but fortunately did not spread
far. Ten to fifteen acres were estimated to have been burned
over.

Improvements at Government Nursery.

Within the past few weeks a number of changes have been
made in the arrangement of the stable sheds at the Government'
Nursery and in the shifting of location of the insectaries and
other smaller buildings. When completed these modifications
will add much to the convenience and usefulness of the service
buildings.

i

Federal Assistance in Experimental Tree Planting.

The Federal Forest Service has informed me that for the fiscal
year beginning July 1, 1913, the sum of $200 will be allotted to
Hawaii for use in continuing experimental forest planting work
now in progress. This money will be used in getting the planta-
tion of Eucalyptus in Nuuanu Valley well established and in
planting out on Haleakala and Mauna Kea seedling trees now
being held in Ranch Nurseries on those mountains.

Nursery Report.

As usual the report of the Forest Nurseryman is transmitted
herewith.

Very respectfully,

Ralph S. Hosmer,
Superintendent of Forestry.

155

REPORT OF FOREST NURSERYMAN.

Honolulu, May 31, 1913..

R. S. Hosmer, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry.

Dear Sir : — The following is a report of the work done during
the month of May, 1913:

Nursery.

Distribution of Plants.

Sold

Gratis

In seed In boxes
boxes transplanted

150

3000

Pot

grown

112

881

Total

262

3881

3000 150

993

4143

Collections.

Collections on account of plants sold amounted to $ 3.75

Rent of building, nursery grounds 35.00

Total $38.75

The men at the Nursery have been assisting the carpenters and
plumbers in the work of repairing and making additions to the
buildings.

Cooperating by request of the Outdoor Circle of the Kilohana
Art League, a commencement has been made to plant the center
plat of Kalakaua Avenue with Mahogany trees. sThe seed from
which the trees were raised was sent to us by Mr. Gerrit P.
Wilder, when on a tour about two years ago. The trees were
propagated at our Makiki station.

Plantation Companies and Other Corporations. *

The distribution of trees during the month amounted to 16,000
in seed boxes and 1000 in transplant boxes. Total, 17,000.

Orders have been received for 4000 transplants to be delivered
when ready.

Experimental Garden, Makiki.

The new soil steriliser has been delivered and we expect to
have it running in a few days. Other work done has beon the
regular routine work, potting and transplanting trees.

156

U. S. Experiment Planting, Nuuanu Valley.

The man has been transplanting new varieties of Eucalyptus
into tin cans and hoeing around the small trees that still require
a little attention.

Very truly yours,

David Haughs,
Forest Nurseryman.

THE COOPERATIVE CREDIT MOVEMENT.
(The Tropical Agriculturist.)

PROGRESS IN NATAL.

The more we come to study the rural conditions of Natal the
more we are struck with the enterprise, the energy and the in-
telligence of the farmers of this province. Take, for instance,
the extraordianry progress of the Agricultural Cooperative Union.
It stands a splendid example of self-help and sturdy self-reliance
oi a society which scorns State aid. The name of the secretary,
James Erskine Duff, seems to remind us of a Scottish Covenanter
resurrected in the twentieth century to stir the dry bones of
those colonists who live in this dream-like, lotus land. The Co-
operative Union was started three years ago. It was formed by
the amalgamation of the Wattle Bark Union and the Mealie
Union. The membership is now over 900, and the annual turn-
over a quarter of a million sterling. To become a member the
farmer must take up £5 shares either in one amount or at the
rate of 10s. per annum spread over ten years. The idea is a
limited liability company. The president of the union is Sir
Thomas Hyslop, and there are three committees — for wattles, for
mealies, for live stock. Take the matter of commercial manures,
such as superphosphate, bonedust, basic slag and mealie fertilizer,
all of which are largely used in Natal. The secretary calls for
tenders, say, 4000 tons per annum. Naturally, such a quantity
can be bought at a much cheaper rate than a small amount by
a single individual. At the commencement of the season super-
phosphate was sold at £4 per ton to the ordinary farmer, whereas
the Union member only paid £3 7s. 6d, per ton. The ordinary
man pays 13s. to 14s. per bag of seed oats (150 lb) ; the Union
member can get it for 12s. Formerly the cost of arsenite of
soda used for dipping was £3 Ss. per cwt. Through the efforts
of this society it can now be purchased from the merchant at
£1 5s. per cwt. The terms of the Union are cash on delivery, but
there is also a system called the credit association. This means

157

:that three or four members can club together and guarantee their
own accounts if approved by the committee, up to twelve months'
credit at 8 per cent, interest. This is the buying side of the bus-
iness. Now as to the selling. The Union has sold this year 60,-
O00 bags of mealies for members at prices ranging from 10s. to
20s. per bag. The members are under no compulsion to buy or
sell with the Union. But they realize that the IJnion saves them
much time and trouble and obtains the highest prices. To the
up-country farmer the Union is of special value. Take the case
of wattle bark. The Union has agents in London and Hamburg,
makes contracts and ships direct. The other day a member re-
ceived £1 per ton above the local market price in Durban. A form
is sent out to all the members. They guarantee to supply a
stated quantity of bark per month. With this knowledge the
Union committee can watch the market and so secure the best
price. The individual dealer in Durban does not know what
quantity of bark he may have on hand month by month, and,
-consequently, he cannot offer as favorable terms. The Union
also imports pedigreed, stock, purchases fencing material, pub-
lishes a weekly agricultural gazette which is issued free of charge
to every member, and now proposes to insure live stock of every
description. It is another illustration of the advantage of friendly
cooperation in modern farming. The day of isolation, suspicion
and farm secrets is dead. The success of a nation is not measured
~by the fortunes of a few, but by the prosperity of every citizen. —
The. Agricultural Journal of the Union of South Africa.

IN THE PUNJAB.

We recently directed attention to the inestimable benefits con-
ferred upon the agriculturists of the Punjab by the extension of
the cooperative credit system in that province. There has just
Deen issued from the government press a statement which shows
liow rapid has been the growth of this beneficent movement
throughout India. In the five years from 1906-07 to 1911-12 the
number of societies, central, urban and rural, rose from 843 to
8177 and the total membership from 90,844 to 403,318. The in-
crease in the financial resources of the societies was even more
marked. In the first of the years named the capital available, in-
cluding loans from private persons and from other societies, share
capital deposits by members, and State aid aggregated Rs. 23 J4
lakhs. By 1910-11 the total had gone up to Rs. 230J4 lakhs,
while at the end of the past financial year it had still further
increased to Rs. 337% lakhs. — Indian Agriculturist.

CO-OPERATION IN DENMARK.

The November issue of "Denmark Abroad," a monthly review,
contains a lengthy article on the Danish Credit Societies by M. P.

158

Blem, President of the Credit Society of Estate Owners in the
Danish Island Diocese-Districts. The principle works, as will
be known, on the cooperative system.

A society of land-owners formed by debtors with the object
of borrowing money jointly. It mints its own money according
to the daily requirements, in the shape of treasury bonds, on
which interest and instalments are to be paid with mortgage se-
curity in fixed property — under unlimited responsibility and with
a reserve fund as an auxiliary support.

Sixty to seventy years ago there was an upward tendency in
the financial condition, but money was scarce. It was almost
impossible to procure mortgages, especially on farming proper-
ties, and many private persons possessing money dared not lend
it out, even against the finest mortgage security. It is gratifying
to know that credit societies, which act as a link between bor-
rower and lender, remedied this disagreement. Their treasury
bonds became the means of transaction, the means of credit and
the substitute for missing money.

PLANTING COCOA.

The following notes have been contributed by Mr. A. H. Hoare
to the Journal of the Jamaica Agricultural Society of December,
1912:

The young cocoa plants will succeed best if planted out through
bananas, as they must have a certain amount of shade from the
hot sun when young and the banana will answer satisfactorily for
that purpose and enable the cocoa to be grown economically.
Moreover, if the bananas have been properly cultivated the land
will be already in good condition and will need no further prep-
aration before planting. See that the land is properly drained,
especially if it is inclined to be wet or if it is of a stiff clayey tex-
ture, otherwise the soil becomes in wet weather sodden and sour,
and cocoa trees will not thrive when the soil is water-logged and
sour. Choose land that has a good soil, deep because the trees
send down a tap-root which although not assisting to feed the
tree to any great extent, will greatly affect its health if it comes
into contact with an impenetrable bed of marl or rock.

Avoid bleak, windy situations, for cocoa trees love shelter and
suffer greatly from the effects of strong winds which cause de-
foliation and also injury to the tender young shoots. Valleys
sheltered by hills and rocks, and stretches of land protected by
good belts of timber are ideal situations if in a good rainfall.

Do not follow the examples of others and plant too close, for
cocoa trees need light and air in abundance, and will never pay
for over-crowding. On good rich land I would advise planting
12 to 14 feet apart in the rows and on poorer soils or on hillsides

159

where the trees will not grow so big 11 to 12 feet apart will not
be too close. At these distances the trees should almost touch
when fully grown and there will be ample space for the free cir-
culation of light and air so needful for healthy growth of the
trees and full crops of pods. In addition, the trees will shade
the ground nicely, keeping it cool and moist and also preventing
an excessive growth of weeds. Of course, the distance between
the rows will depend on what distance the bananas are planted,
as the row of cocoa trees will run between each row of bananas.
First, line out the rows methodically, and place a peg where
each hole is to be dug. Large holes should always be dug to re-
ceive the plants, and I strongly urge the digging of them about
not less than a fortnight to three weeks before planting. Good
holes are important. They should be made at least two feet
square and eighteen inches deep and the soil must be well turned
out so as to expose both soil and hole to the beneficial action of
sun and air. Then, just a few days before planting, fill in the
hole with good surface soil, making its surface a little higher than
the surrounding land to allow for sinkage. Unless this precau-
tion is taken, when the ground sinks there will be a depression
round the plant in which water will settle and cause the stem to
rot away.

TRANSPLANTING.

When putting out plants grown in bamboo pots,, great care
must be used so that the plant shall receive as slight a check as
possible in transplanting. Take care to see that the soil in the
pot is well soaked before removing the plants. I advise placing
them for a few minutes in a pail of water to soak and standing
them aside to drain. When actually planting, the pot should be
taken into the hand and carefully split open by making a cut at
each side with a cutlass. Next, neatly reverse the two halves of
the pot, make a good hole in the loosened soil with the hand and
insert both pot and plant carefully. Do not plant too deep or
too shallow, but sink the pot until its top is level with the sur-
face, pressing in the soil around it. Then gently withdraw the
two reversed halves of the pot, making everything quite firm and
tidy afterwards.

The great advantage of preparing a good deep hole and careful
planting is very soon apparent, for the plant makes a good start
in the sweet loosened soil and grows away at a vigorous rate.
One cannot too heartily condemn the slip-shod method often
adopted of simply chopping a hole with the hoe, pushing in the
plant with perhaps all the soil shaken off its roots, and then leav-
ing it to take its chance. It is hardly to be wondered at that
most of the plants, instead of progressing, gradually die out until
the cultivator who put out a hundred plants eventually finds that
he has only a dozen or so growing plants left. By following this

160

simple but very safe method, every plant should grow and in a
few years form a uniform and profitable plantation.

In conclusion, I might mention the time-saving plan of always
keeping back a few plants in pots so that in the event of any
dying out, they can be renewed at once.

MANURING TREES.

It may seem a simple thing to manure a tree, yet the great
majority of people who take to the idea of helping their trees
with some manure, dump a heap against the trees. The majority,
of course, do not manure their trees except by accident, expecting
the soil to give crops out of good nature without asssitance. Ba-
nanas are commonly treated thus, but the effect on such, being
herbaceous plants, is to bring out roots high up, which when the
heap of manure decays down are left dry and so are wasted. But
on many trees, like orange and cocoa, the effect of a heap of
manure placed against them is injurious. The most vital parts
of such trees is the neck, that part where the roots start from the
stem. The manure softens and tends to rot the bark there, en-
courage insects and grubs to attack the bark, while manure
there can do no possible good. Trees take up their food ma-
terial from all those little fine roots that start off from the large
roots, and which are especially plentiful at the very end of the
roots. And it is where these fine roots are that the manure
should be placed, preferably in light open soils by spreading it as
a mulch, and in heavy clay soils by digging the manure in and
mixing it with the soil.

In mulching also, which is only a form of manuring, the mulch
should not be put close to the banana, cocoa, coffee or coconut
tree root; a clear circle should be left close to the stem. — The
Tropical Agriculturist.

DRY ROT OF THE IRISH POTATO,

The Nebraska Experiment Station has just issued Bulletin 134,
on "A Dry Rot of the Irish Potato Tuber/'

For several years the department of Agricultural Botany has
been engaged in a study of Irish potato diseases in Nebraska.
Among these the dry rot of the tuber is one of the most important.
Buyers and commission men have reported losses, during storage,
of from 20 to 60 per cent, due to this dry rot. In fact, the most
important feature of this dry rot is the fact that it forces the im-
mediate sale of the crop as soon as dug. This tends to demor-
alize the market and places the grower at the mercy of the buyers,
since he is himself afraid to store his crop and wait for better
prices.

161

SYMPTOMS.

The dry rot here described is a strict tuber rot affecting mature
tubers only. Neither the stems nor the young tubers are ordi-
narily in the least affected. Natural infection is known to occur
solely through wounds produced in the process of digging or sub-
sequent handling. In many cases this rot secured a foothold
through wounds produced by scab-producing animals of certain
sorts and perhaps even through scab spots due to fungus para-
sitism, though the latter method is certainly very rare if we
may judge from the laboratory experiments.

The rotting is rather slow, and in general within four to six
weeks from one-third to three-fourths of the tuber is destroyed.
The epidermis of the rotted portion becomes slightly wrinkled
and usually has a characteristic bluish color. On account of the
rapid destruction of the underlying tissues the surface over these
areas soon becomes distinctly depressed.

The rot may make its appearance at any point on the surface
of the tuber, though more commonly perhaps at the bud end of
the tuber. There is no watery degeneration of the tuber unless
other organisms gain entrance, so that this is in fact a dry rot.

cause.

Numerous inoculation experiments have shown that this dry rot
is caused by a parasitic fungus, not previously - described, for
which we have proposed the name Fusarium tuberivorum. At
the same time it has also been demonstrated that this dry rot
fungus does not cause the injury to the leaves and stems often
referred to as "blight" or "wilt." In other words, the present dry
rot of the tuber is not connected in any manner with diseased
conditions of other parts of the plant.

methods of control.

Extensive experiments have been conducted to learn ff any
treatment might be applied before the potatoes were stored that
would reduce the amount of this rotting.

These experiments have clearly demonstrated that dry rot may
be held in check through treatment of the tubers before being
placed in the storage cellars. For this purpose the best results
were secured through the use of either formalin dip, formalin
vapor, or the lime-sulphur wash. Not only did the tubers in
these lots show a very small percentage of dry rot, but they were
in excellent condition otherwise when removed in April. Ihe
storage time, it should be remembered, employed in this experi-
ment is longer than would ordinarily be employed by* the average
farmer and this gave the treatments a severe test. Under ordi-
nary farm conditions the development of the formalin vapors is

162

not easily secured, and therefore we would particularly recom-
mend the use of the formalin dip as the easiest method to employ
and one that should give excellent results in practice.

Anyone directly or indirectly interested in potato growing
should make it a point to read this bulletin. It may be had free
of cost by the residents of Nebraska on application to the Ne-
braska Experiment Station, Lincoln, Nebraska.

E. A. Burnett,

Director.

THE DAIRY COW,

A cow requires food whether she is milking or not. The
amount of food necessary to maintain a dry cow in fair condi-
tion, so that she will neither lose nor gain in weight, represents
what is called her "maintenance requirement." The mainte-
nance requirement of healthy cows of similar weight does not
vary much. If a cow is milking, however, she must consume and
digest food in excess of her maintenance requirement. Other-
wise she will lose in weight. The food consumed by a cow yield-
ing milk is thus utilized for two different purposes. One part is
required for maintenance, and this may be set down as working
expenses. The other part is utilized to fill the milk-pail — it is
the raw material from which milk is produced. What is a good
cow ? It is one which can digest and assimilate for milk produc-
tion an amount of food which largely exceeds her maintenance
requirement. But cows vary widely in this respect. From the
University of Missouri there comes an interesting discussion of
this topic in Experimental Station Bulletin No. 2. During two
years the herd-testing at the station showed No. 27 cow to be a
good milker, and her half-sister, No. 62, a bad one. They were
registered Jerseys. In the third year it was decided to compare
the food requirements of these cows, and for this purpose both
were calved, as it happened, the same week. During the lacta-
tion period the food to each was regulated so that the live-
weights remained constant, and the amounts of milk and butter
fat were then compared with the amounts of food consumed by
each cow. In the results it was found that the good milker was
consuming about 2 J / 2 times as much food, after deducting her
maintenance requirements, as did the bad cow, and she also pro-
duced about 2y 2 times as much milk. Altogether, with the good
cow, 35 per cent, of the ration went for maintenance and 65 for
milk; with the bad one the figures were 56 and 44. Ten bad
cows may yield as much milk as five good ones, but they will
require twice as much food for maintenance purposes. As it is
only the food utilized in excess of maintenance that leaves a

163

profit, the benefits of herd-testing are hereby emphasized. — Vic-
toria (Australia) Journal of Agriculture.

NEW WEED EXTERMINATOR.

Wild garlic {Allium vinale) has for many years been a serious
pest in that belt of territory which extends from Maryland to
Missouri. Besides having the usual competitive action of a
perennial weed, the plant is harmful in that the bulbils on the
stem frequently get intermixed with wheat grain and create an
objectionable flavor in the flour. As a weed with fodder crops,
this plant may have an effect in causing the tainting of milk.

Considerable attention, therefore, has been directed by the Bo-
tanical Department of the Indiana Experiment Station, towards
methods for eradicating this noxious weed. A letter in Science,
for January 3, 1913, states that remarkable results have been ob-
tained by the use of orchard-heating oil as supplied by the Stand-
ard Oil Company. It was found that when the oil was distributed
over the field in a fine spray by a sufficiently powerful spraying
machine, practically all vegetation was killed, not only above
ground but below ground as well. It destroyed the bulbs of the
wild garlic below ground and the bulbils at the top of the stalks.
One or two plants with very large horizontal rootstocks survived,
since these required a rather larger dose of oil than was generally
applied.

The application of the oil appeared to have no lasting effects
on the soil; the new growth from seeds already present in the
soil and from subsequently sown cereals possessed the usual
vigor.

In considering the trial of this method in the West Indies for
exterminating perennial weeds like Devil's grass (Cynodon Dae-
tylon) and Nut grass (Cyperus sp.) the following questions arise:
(1) Will the oil actually kill the hardy rhizomes and tubers of
these weeds? (2) Does the oil possess any injurious effect re-
garding the physical and biological characters of the soil? and
(3) What would be the cost per acre? — Agricultural News.

PAPER FROM BAMBOO.

Paper from the bamboo cane will soon, says the Standard, be of
the usual order of thing.s Scottish engineers are mainly respon-
sible for bringing about this new departure. Not long ago an
Edinburgh firm, who specialize in the making of plant for pro-
ducing paper from bamboo, sent out two complete factory equip-
ments to the Far East — one to convert cane into pulp, and the
other to transform that pulp into fine white paper.

164

On a site near Kagi (Japan) a factory is being installed witbi
every requisite to deal in the first place with only 300 tons of pulp
per month, but with room for any development. In this case,
however, the pulp will be treated in Formosa, and shipped in
rolls or sheets to the paper mills at Kobe; just in the same way as.
the wood pulp of Norway, Sweden, Russia and Finland is shipped
to the United Kingdom to feed the British paper mills. Esparto
grass gives way to wood pulp in this country for paper-making
purposes, and it is hoped that in the Far East bamboo pulp wilt
enable Eastern mills to compete with the British and American
imported paper of the finer qualities. One thing has to be borne
in mind — that the process of manufacture from bamboo is a
more expensive one than that from wood. Meantime, at any
rate, experiments may cheapen the process, and the supply of the
cane is practically inexhaustible.

Furthermore, the bamboo is a plant that can readily be culti-
vated. If any particular species of bamboo is considered the best,
for paper-making purposes it can easily be grown in any quan-
tity. Asia, Africa, America, and. Oceania all have forests of that
plant, and a very interesting process is the manufacture of the
cane into paper. It is cut up into small pieces of one or two
inches, then boiled with sulphate of lime, bleached by electricity,
washed, machine rolled, and pressed into tissue form and dried by
steam. When wound into rolls or sheets it has a pleasing appear-
ance, and makes an excellent quality of paper. — L. and C. Express..

GOATS.

The goat industry is little known in the United States, but there
is no sound reason why it should be so. On fifteen thousand
square miles, Switzerland raises annually eight million dollars'
worth of goats and goat products. America has all the essential
conditions of Switzerland in her mountainous regions. In Ba-
varia, the number of centenarians among the people is noteworthy,,
and is credited to the fact that there is a large use of goat milk.
This milk is very rich and highly digestible, and is recommended'
for invalids and babies. The goat, itself, is immune from tu-
berculosis, which is a mighty point in its favor. With millions
of acres of brush land lying idle in this country, and with mil-
lions of babies clamoring for proper food, the milk-goat industry
could doubtless assume monstrous proportions, if a love for the
goat could be instilled into our people, especially in those living in:
mountainous regions. — The Farmer's Guide.

165
ANCESTORS OF POLYPHEMUS.

Who does not know Polyphemus, the one-eyed giant shepherd
of whom Homer has something to say in his Odyssey? How many
of us take the fable in earnest and do not give Ulysses the lie ?

But he did not lie. In the course of construction of a railroad
in Asia Minor, in the region where Ulysses had his experiences,
Italian engineers found giant human bones that could be the re-
mains of none other than the Polyphemus tribe. If you doubt
this, write a postal to Signor Antonio Blanco at Schk), Italy, the
man who was in charge of the excavation.

Now a new corroboration comes from the Mayo Plantation, at
Mati, Moro Province, P. I. The acting manager of the planta-
tion, Mr. George Kazdaylevich, who recently arrived at Zambo-
anga, and who, mind you, is a consistent teetotaler, relates that in
the Mati forest a tribe of monkeys live, who are in direct line of
descent with Polyphemus. They have only one eye, and it is
located in the middle of the forehead. The witness, together with
four other men, has seen one of them and tried to catch it, unfor-
tunately without success. The monkey keeps strictly to the forest
and jumps to the next tree as soon as he sees an enemy. The
natives of the East Coast say they frequently see the one-eyed
monkeys. Did they all see the same monkey, or are there really
many ?

Now the question arises : How could Polyphemus stray so far
from his old country ? Or is it that the Mati monkey has strayed
far from Greece? We leave these deep scientific questions to the
Bureau of Science.

Another interesting thing that Mr. Kazdaylevich brings with
Tiim is the seed of the Rosella (Hibiscus Sorbifolia) that he re-
ceived from Mexico. While in that country he learned from the
native Mexicans how to manufacture from this fruit a most de-
licious beverage that beggars Welsh's grape juice. Mr. Kazday^
levich is willing to supply seed to those desiring them, together
with full instruction in the art of making the pleasing beverage.—
Mindanao (P. I.) Herald.

COMBATING CUTWORMS.

The poison bran mash is fairly effective in holding cutworms in
♦check. Mix one pound of Paris green or London purple with 25
pounds of bran or middlings. Stir a quart or two of cheap mo-
lasses into a gallon of water, moisten the bran, stirring thoroughly
until it makes a stiff mash. Apply a heaping teaspoonful near
•each plant or every two or three feet in the row. Keep fowls
away. Apply two or three days before plants are set and apply

166

the mash in the evening so it will be eaten at night while moist.

It is said that garden plants may be protected from cutworms
and flea-beetles by dipping the plants in arsenate of lead, three
pounds per barrel of water. The plants are dipped in the solution
just before they are transplanted.

Where the worms are very bad, sometimes gardeners knock
the bottom out of tin cans and place these around such plants as
cabbage, tomatoes, etc. A protection may also be made with
building paper. The paper is bent into a cylinder and placed in
the soil around the stems of the plants.

A plan that has been satisfactory with us is to take a lantern
early in the evening, go into the garden and make war upon the
worms with barrel stave or "paddle." The cutworms are usually
on the surface or busy eating your plants. It does not take long
in this way to destroy the pests in such numbers as to have no
further trouble. — Farm and Ranch.

NEW EGYPTIAN GRASS GOOD FOR CATTLE.

A late Washington despatch says : Sudan grass, a new drought
resistant hay plant, promises to become the leading grass for hay
production in the United States, according to C. V. Piper of the
Department of Agriculture, who has supervised experimental
growths.

• The grass is a native of Egypt, suited especially to semi-arid
land, grows from four to eight feet high and two to three crops a
season. It is preferred by cattle, hogs and horses.

Roland McKee of the agricultural experiment station in Chico
experimented with the new plant in 1912 and is enthusiastic con-
cerning its value.

"A fine growth was made/' he reports, "and without question
this is the most promising grass for growing under irrigation in
the Sacramento valley that has yet been tried. The number of
cuttings of hay was not determined, as with both plantings a seed
crop was allowed to mature, but it seems probable three good cut-
tings of hay can be made."

The seed was planted at Chico May 2 and two months later
the grass was in full bloom and from four to six feet high. It
was cut for hay July 15, nine weeks after planting. Reports from
Texas, Virginia, North and South Dakota are equally encour-
aging.

167

BY AUTHORITY.

PROCLAMATION OF FOREST RESERVES IN THE DISTRICTS OF
WAIANAE ANI> WAIALUA, CITY AND COUNTY OF HONO-
LULU, ISLAND OF OAHU, TERRITORY OF HAWAII.

Under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the provisions
of Chapter 28 of the Revised Laws of Hawaii, as amended by Act 65
of the Session Laws of 1905, and by Act 4 of the Session Laws of 1907,
and of every other power me hereunto enabling, I WALTER F. FREAR>
Governor of Hawaii, with the approval of a majority of the Board or
Commisssioners of. Agriculture and Forestry, having held the hearing of
which notice has been duly given as in said acts provided, do hereby
recommend and approve as forest reserves to be called respectively the
Nanakuli, the Makua-Keaau and the Kuaokala Forest Reserves, those
certain pieces of government and privately owned land in the Districts
of Waianae and Waialua, Island of Oahu, which may be described
roughly as being the upper ends of the valleys bearing those names and
the mauka portion of the government land of Kuaokala, and containing
respectively areas of 1010 acres, 4716 acres and 434 acres, more or less,
in the Districts of Waianae and Waialua, City and County of Honolulu,
Island of Oahu, Territory of Hawaii, more particularly described by
and -on maps made by the Government Survey Department of the Ter-
ritory of Hawaii, which said maps are now on file in the said Survey
Department marked respectively Government Survey Registered Maps
No. 2535, li Nanakuli Forest Reserve,' > No. 2407 "Makua-Keaau Forest
Reserve, ly and No. 2532, " Kuaokala Forest Reserve/ ' and descriptions
accompanying the same, numbered respectively C. S. F. Nos. 2366, 2396
and 2364, which said descriptions now on file in the said Survey Depart-
ment are as follows:

NANAKULI FOREST RESERVE.

Waianae, Oahu.

C. S. F. No. 2366.
Beginning at Government Survey Trig. Station "Manawahua" on
the ridge separating the lands of Nanakuli and Honouliuli, as shown
on Government Survey Registered Map No. 2535, and running by true
azimuths :

1. Along down the ridge separating the lands of Nanakuli and Hono?

uliuli to an iron pipe at the West corner of the pro-
posed Honouliuli Forest Reserve the direct azimuth and
distance being 67° 08' 4420.0 feet;

2. 231° 26' 30" 2179,0 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a forest

reserve monument on spar;

3. 202° 46' 1441.0 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a pipe on ridge;

4. 144° 20' 1519.0 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a forest reserve

monument on* ridge;

5. 97° 07' 1970.0 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a pipe on end

of spur;

6. 215° 02' 30" 2642.0 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a pipe en

end of spur;

7. 308° 19' 30" 110B.5 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a forest

reserve monument on spur;

8. 251° 24' 1784.7 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a pipe on

small spur;

9. 209° 14' 30" 1452.8 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a pipe on

small spur;
10. 224° 59' 1094.0 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a forest reserve
monument on small spur;

168

11. 132° 03' 30" 1018.0 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a forest

reserve monument on small spur;

12. 92° 49' 1118.4 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a forest reserve

monument on spur;

13. 145° 39' 2333.8 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a pipe on small

spur;

14. 85° 50' 30" 1263.5 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a forest

reserve monument on small spur;

15. 38° 09' 30" 1973.0 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to a forest

reserve monument on spur;

16. 66° 43' 4786.0 feet along Nanakuli pasture land to Haleakala Peak

on the ridge separating the lands of Nianakuli and Lua-
lualei, said peak being tne south corner of the Lualua-
lei Forest Eeserve;

17. Thence up along the ridge separating the lands of Nanakuli and

Lualualei, along the Lualualei Forest Reserve, the direct
azimuth and distance being 226° 58' 30" 6176.4 feet;

18. Thence still up along the ridge separating the lands of Nanakuli

and Lualualei, along the Lualualei Forest Reserve, to a
peak called Palikea, at the intersection of the ridges
forming the boundaries of the lands of Lualualei, Nana-
kuli and Honouliuli, the direct azimuth and distance
being 267° 10' 6280.0 feet;

19. Thence down along the ridge separating the lands of Nanakuli* and

Honouliuli, along the proposed Honouliuli forest reserve,
the direct azimuth and distance being 350° 25' "5505.0
feet to a peak called Mauna Kapu;

20. Thence still down along the ridge separating the lands of Nanakuli

and Honouliuli, along the proposed Honouliuli Forest
Reserve, the direct azimuth and distance being 22° 31'
6219.0 feet to the point of beginning.
Area 1010 acres.

MAKUA-KEAATJ FOREST RESERVE.

District of Waiana-e, Island of Oahu.

C. S. F. No. 2396.
Beginning at a 1^ inch pipe at the base of pali on the boundary
between Keaau and Makaha, the coordinates of said pipe referred to
Government Survey Trig, Station "Kepuni" being 2278.5 feet North
and 462.0 feet West, and the true azimuth to a + in coral rock at sea
pn the boundary between Keaau and Makaha being 69° 58' distance
1263.7 feet, as shown on Government Survey Registered Map No. 2407,
and running by true azimuths:

1. Along the base of the pali to a 1^ inch pipe on rocky ledge, the

direct azimuth and distance being 192° 13' 2926.0 feet;

2. 170° 32' 1355.5 feet to a 1% inch pipe on rocky point;

3. 219° 05' 911.7 feet to a 1% inch pipe;

4. 173° 32' 976.7 feet to a 1% inch pipe, on rocky point;

5. 217° 46' 1314.5 feet to a + on solid rock;

6. 288° 16' 3693.0 feet to a 1% inch pipe;

7. 270° 53' 1831.0 feet to a 1^ inch pipe;

8. J76° 25' 2766.0 feet across Keaau Valley to a iy 2 inch pipe;

9. 115° 40' 1302.5 feet across the land of Ohikilolo to a 1% inch pipe;
10. 104° 43' 2210.0 feet to a 1% inch pipe on spur;

il. 121° 50' 3861.0 feet to a iy 2 inch pipe at the base of pali;

12. Thence along base of pali crossing Ohikilolo-Makua boundary to a

1% inch pipe on spur in Makua Valley, the direct
azimuth and distance being. 196* 42' 2116,0 feet;

13. 288° 00' 3931.3 feet to a 1% inch pipe at small pari at end of fence;

15.

247<

16.

274"

17.

259<

18.

202 c

19.

72<

20.

104<

21.

204 c

22.

158 c

23.

70 c

24.

70 c

25.

The

169

14. Thence along fence and wall, the direct azimuth and distance being
179° 46' 915.0 feet;

37' 346.0 feet on spur to a 1% inch pipe;

46' 5052.8 feet to a 1% inch pipe;

46' 30" 880.3 feet to a 1% inch pipe; ' -

26' 3811.1 feet across Makua Valley to a 1% inch pipe;

00' 2237.2 feet to a 1% inch pipe;

06' 30" 5471.3 feet to a 1% inch pipe on spur, being the
boundary between Makua and Kahanahaiki;

00' 2645.5 feet to a + on large solid rock;

34' 1788.5 feet to a 1% inch pipe on Email spur;

11' 30" 3632.0 feet to a 1% inch pipe on spur;

50' 2774.5 feet to a 1% inch pipe on pali point;
Thence across Kahanahaiki along the base of pali to a + on solid
rock on the boundary between Keawaula and Kahana-
haiki, the direct azimuth and distance being: 135° 33'
3868.0 feet;

26. Thence up center of ridge along Keawaula, and thence along center

of the main Waianae Range along Kuaokala, Kealia,
Kawaihapai, and Mokuleia, to the junction of the Ma-
kua, Mokuleia, and Makaha boundaries, the direct azi-
muth and distance being: 295° 00' 23320.0 feet;

27. Thence down center of ridge dividing Makaha and Keaau to the

point of beginning, the direct azimuth and distance
being: 55 c 12"' 21480.0 feet;
Total area 4716 acres.

KUAOKALA FOREST RESERVE.

Waialua District, Island of Oahu.

C. S. F. No. 2364.
C. S. R. Map No. 2532.
Beginning % at Government Survey Trig. Station "Hakakoa" and
running by true azimuths:

50' 711.5 feet along government land to fence corner;

14' 1927.5 feet along government land;

43' 30" 798.8 feet along government land to a 1 inch iron pin;

22' 30" 1194.2 feet along government land to a 3 x 3 redwood
post;

26' 1727.4 feet along government land to a 3 x 3 redwood post;

17' 30" 2462.2 feet along government land to a 3 x 3 redwood
post;

54' 601.8 feet along government land;

15' 1209.5 feet along government land to a 1% inch iron pin;

43' 40" .... feet along government land to an iron pin;

23' 40" 1623.3 feet along government land;

03' 40" 945.1 feet along government land;

00' 2852.2 feet along government land;

59' 993.9 feet along government land;
207" 49' 1348.0 feet along government land;
173° 00' 900.0 feet to the point of beginning.
Area 434 acres.

i
And as provided by law, subject to the existing leases, I do hereby
set apart as the Nanakuli Forest Reserve that portion or the Govern-
ment land of Nanakuli (1010 acres) that lies within the metes and
bounds of the above described Nanakuli Forest Reserve; as parts of the
Makua-Keaau Forest Reserve those portions of the government lands
of Keaau (1850 acres), Makua (1556 acres) and Kahanahaiki (970 acres),

1.

169'

2.

80'

3.

62'

4.

152'

5.

121<

6.

125<

7.

58'

8.

2<

9.

328<

10.

307<

11.

201 c

12.

295 c

13.

269 c

14.

207'

15.

173°

170

altogether an area of 4376 acres, more or less, that lie within the metes
and bounds of the above described Makua-Keaau Forest Reserve; and
as the Kuaokala Forest Reserve those portions of the government lands
of Kuaokala (Kaena) and Keawaula (434 acres) that lie within the
metes and bounds of the Kuaokala Forest Reserve.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused
the Great Seal of the Territory of Hawaii to be affixed.
DONE at the Capitol in Honolulu, this 4th day of
June, A. D. 1913.

W. F. FREAR,

Governor of Hawaii.
By the Governor:

E. A. MOTT-SMITH,

Secretary of Hawaii.

Hawaiian Gazette 60.

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Publishers of

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is read by worth-while peo-
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Subscription, $1*00 per month

DAILY and SUNDAY

Car Irons— Steel Cars— Portable Track

ORENSTEIN-ARTHUR KOPPEL CO.

Pittsburg, New York, San Francisco, Berlin, London
Plant at Koppel, Pa* 5 Plants in Europe. 60 Branches

H. HACKFELD & CO., LTD. FRED F. LACKS,

Agents, Honolulu Resident Sales Manager

WE FURNISH CAR IRONS TO FIT EXISTING EQUIPMENT

60 YEARS 9
EXPERIENCE

Marks

Designs
Copyrights Ac.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions atrictly confidential. HANDBOOK on Patents
sent free. Oldest azency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

Scientific American*

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year ; four months, $ L Sold by all newsdealers.

MUNN & Co. M, *"»*^Hew York

Branch Office, 636 F SU Washington, D. C. ,

Garden and Farm Tools

and Implements

To do good farming you must have up to date tools
to work with. We carry a most complete line of every-
thing needed by the small or large farmer, from the
smallest hand trowel to the largest cane plow. We
also have a good assortment of Hand, Bucket or Barrel
Sprayers. Our assortment of Hoes, Shovels, Spades,
Mattocks, Rakes, Garden Shears, Lawn Mowers, Garden
Hose, and other things that are needed daily about the
farm or garden, is most complete and our stock large.

E. O. HALL & SON, LTD.

OFFICERS AND STAFF OF THE BOARD OF COMMIS-
SIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY.

COMMISSIONERS.

Walter M. Giffard, President and Executive Officer.
J. M. Dowsett Arthur H. Rice

H. M. von Holt Albert Waterhouse

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

Ralph S. Hosmer, Superintendent of Forestry and Chief Fire Warden,

David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman.

Joseph F. Rock, Consulting Botanist.

Bro. Matthias Newell, in charge of Sub- Nursery at Hilo, Hawaii.

Walter D. McBryde, in charge of Sub- Nursery at Homestead, Kauai.

David Kapihe, Forest Ranger/or Tantalus.

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Edward M. Ehrhorn, Superintendent of Entomology and Chief Plant In-
spector.
J. C. Bridwell, Assistant Superintendent of Entomology.

D. B. Kuhns, Plant Inspector.

Bro. M. Newell, Fruit and Plant Inspector, Hilo, Hawaii.

E. Madden, ] f Mahukona, Hawaii.
W. O. Aiken, ! Honorary Plant \ Kahului.Maui.

W. D. McBryde, | Inspector at \ Koloa, Kauai.

Dr, W. B. Deas, f j J/ana, Maui.

Capt.C. F.Turner | | Kaanapali, Mawl.

G. C. Munro, J [ Manele, Lanai

Prof. F. Silvestri (of Portici, Italy), Consulting Entomologist.
David T. Fullaway, Special Collaborator.

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

Victor A. Norgaard, Superintendent of Animal Industry and Territorial

Veterinarian.
L. N. Case, Assistant Territorial Veterinarian.
H, B. Elliot, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Hawaii.
J. C. Fitzgerald, Deputy 1 ' erritorial Veterinarian for Maui.
A. R. Glaisyer, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Kauai.

CLERICAL STAFF

Mrs. A, Oram, Stenographer and Librarian.

Mrs. C. L. Seybolt, Clerk.

Daniel Logan, Editor of the "Forester."

PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION.

Any one or all of the publications listed below (except those marked
9 ) will be sent to residents of this Territory, free, upon application to
ICaili^ Clerk, P. O. Box 207, Honolulu.

BOARD.

Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry for 1900 ; 66 pp.
Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry for 1902; 88 pp.
* Sarst Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, from

July 1, 1903, to December 31, 1904; 170 pp.
(Second Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the

year ending December 31, 1905; 240 pp.; 8 plates; 10 text figures.
T>ird Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the

year ending December 31, 1906; 212 pp.; 3 plates; 4 maps; 7 text figureft.
Fourth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, fo»

the calendar year ending December 31, 1907; 202 pp.; 7 plates.
Fifth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, tr

the calendar year ending December 31, 1908; 218 pp.; 34 plates.
Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, for the biennial

period ending December 31, 1910; 240 pp.; 45 plates.
"Notice to Importers," by H. E. Cooper; 4 pp.; 1903. __

"Digest of the Statuter Relating to Importation, Soils, Plants, Fruitf TffwiWef

*tc. into the Tezr'jory of Hawaii." General Circular No. 1; 6 jd

PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION-Continued.

"Important Notice to Ship Owners, Fruit Importers and Otherc Rules and Reg*:'
tions Profiting the Introduction of Certain Pest's and Animals into the Terri-
tory of Hiwaii." General Circular No. 2; 3 pp.; 1904.

"Law and Regulations, Importation and Inspection of Honey Bees and Honey."
General Circular No. 3; 7 pp.; 1908.

"The Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist," a monthly magazine. Vols. I to VII j
1904-1910. To be obtained from the Hawaiian Gazette Co., Honolulu. Price
$1 a year.

DIVISION OF FORESTRY.

* "Forest and Ornamental Tree Seed for Sale at Government Nursery." Press

Bulletin No. 1 ; 3 pp.; 1905.

* "Suggestions in Regard to the Arbor Day Tree Planting Contest." Press Bulletin

No. 2; 7 pp.; 1905.
"An Offer of Practical Assistance to Tree Planters." Circular No. 1; 6 pp.; 1905.
"Revised List of Forest- and Ornamental Tree Seed for Sale at the Government

Nursery." Press Bulletin No. 3; 4 pp.; 1906.

* "Instructions for Propagating and Planting Forest Trees." Press Bulletin No.

4; 4 pp.; 1906.

"Instructions for Planting Forest, Shade and Ornamental Trees." Press Bulletin
No. 5; 7 pp.; 1909.

"Na Hoakaka no ke Kanu Ana i na Laau Malumalu ame na Laau Hoohiwahiwa."
Press Bulletin No. 6; 8 pp.; 1909.

"Eucalyptus Culture in Hawaii," by Louis Margolin. Bulletin No. 1; 88 pp.; 12
plates; 1911.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1905. Re-
print from Second Report of the Board; 77 pp.; 5 plates.

♦Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1906. Re-
print from Third Report of the Board; 123 pp.; 4 maps.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1907. Re-
print from Fourth Report of the Board; 70 pp.

!*eport of the Division of Forestry, for the year ending December 31, 1908. Re-
print from Fifth Report of the Board; 85 pp.

Report of the Division of Forestry, for the biennial period ending December 31,
1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 86 pp.; 22 plates.
DIVISION ON ENTOMOLOGY.

"The Leaf-Hopper of the $ugar Cane," by R. C. LI Perkins. Bulletin No. 1;
38 pp.; 1903.

** "A Catalogue of the Hemipterous Family Aleyrodidae," by G. W. Kirkaldy, and
"Aleyrodidae of Hawaii and Fiji with Descriptions of New Species," by Jacob
Kotinsky. Bulletin No. 2; 102 pp.; 1 plate; 1907.

* "On Some Diseases of Cane Specially Considered in Relation to the Leaf-Hopper

Pest and to the Stripping of Cane," by R. C. L. Perkins. Press Bulletin
iCo. 1: 4 pp.; 1904.

* A Circular of Information," by Jacob Kotinsky. Circular No. 1; 8 pp.; 1905.
•The Japanese Beetle Fungus," by Jacob Kotinsky and Bro. M. Newell. Circular

No. 2; 4 pp., cut; 1905.
Rule VII: "Concerning the Prevention of Distribution of the Mediterranean Fruit

Fly"; unnumbered leaflet; 1910.
Rule VIII: "Concerning the Importation of all Banana Fruit, Banana Shoots or

Plants"; unnumbered leaflet; 1911.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1905.

Reprint from Second Report of the Board; 68 pp.; 3 plates; 10 text figures.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1906.

Reprint from Third Report of the Board; 25 pp.; 7 text figures.
*Tort of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1907.

Reprint from Fourth Report of the Board; 18 pp.; 1 plate.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the year ending December 31, 1908.

Reprint from Fifth Report of the Board: 26 pp.; 2 plates.
Report of the Division of Entomology, for the biennial period ending December 81,

1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 70 pp.; 10 plates.

DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

"* "Inspection of Imported Live Stock." Rule 1; 1 p.; 1905.

* "Inspection and Testing of Imported Live Stock for Glanders and Tuberculosis.*

Rule 2; 1 p.; 1905.
♦"Concerning C'ande?ed Horse Stock in the Territory." Rule 3; 1 p.; 1905.

* "To Amend Rule 1, Inspection of Imported Live Stock." Rule 4; 1 p.; 1907.

* "Quarantine of Horse Stock from California." Rule 8; 1 p.; 1908.

"Rules and Regulations, Inspection and Testing of Live Stock." Rules and Laws;

11 pp.; unnumbered pamphlet; Revised 1910.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1905

Reprint from Second Report of the Board; 62 pp.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1906L

. Reprint from Third Report of the Board; 41 pp.; 3 plates.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1907.

Reprint from the Fourth Report of the Board; 104 pp.; 6 plates.
Report of the Division of Animal Industry, for the year ending December 31, 1908.

Reprint from Fifth Report of the Board; 44 pp.
JUport of the Division of Animal Industry, for the biennial period ending December

31, 1910. Reprint from Report of the Board; 59 pp.; 13 plates.

* Out Of pJiAl