iy TheHAaAIIAN FORESTER AND AGRICULTURIST! CONTENTS PAGE Welcome Botanical Work 61 Plant Inspection Building 61 Division of Forestry 62 Division of Hydrography 65 Division of Plant Inspection 67 Division of Entomology 69 Division of Animal Industry 70 Rabies in Nevada 73 By Authority— Forest Reserve Hearing 75 vol. xiv. Price, Ten cents Uo. 3 tut iir.'-v-QT-Tv aiiiilllllllilKllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliilllliililllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllll^ Ctmttri i orncES: STANGENWALD BUILDING MEHLHORN BUILDING 82 WALL STREET - - ALASKA COMMERCIAL BLDG. HONOLULU, T. H. SEATTLE, WASH. NEW YORK, N. Y. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS: J.- P. COOKE President and Director W. M. ALEXANDER First Vice-President and Director J. R. GALT Second Vice-President and Director W. O. SMITH Third Vice-President and Director J. WATERHOUSE Treasurer JOHN GUILD Secretary H. A. BALDWIN Director A. L. CASTLE Director C. H. ATHERTON Director C. R. HEMENWAY Director §>ugar 3txti\xx% f AGENTS FOR Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company Haiku Sugar Company Paia Plantation Maui Agricultural Company Hawaiian Sugar Company McBryde Sugar Company, Ltd. Kahuku Plantation Company Kauai Fruit and Land Company, Ltd. Kahului Railroad Company Kauai Railway Company, Ltd. Honolua Ranch Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company American Central Insurance Company The Home Insurance Company, New York New Zealand Insurance Company German Alliance Insurance Association Switzerland Marine Insuance Company, Ltd. ^iiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiihT £JII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIP^ The Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist A Monthly Magazine of Forestry, Entomology, Animal Industry, Hydrography and Agriculture. Issued under the direction of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Territory of Hawaii. W Address all communications to DANIEL LOGAN Editor "THE FORESTER" P. O. Box 366, Honolulu, T. H. For business relating to subscriptions # or advertising, address HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD., Publishers, Honolulu, T. H. Price 10c. per copy; $1.00 a year; Foreign, $1.25 Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Honolulu, Hawaii. ■i i t<* Eiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiin; : A • .ife /&*'£&&&. m Board of Agriculture and Forestry DIVISION OF FORESTRY. FOEEST AND OENAMENTAL TEEE SEED AND SEEDLINGS FOE SALE AT THE GOVEENMENT NUESEEY. The Division of Forestry keeps constantly on hand at the Government Nursery, seed and seedlings of the important native and introduced trees. These are sold at prices just covering the cost of collection or growing. The list includes both forest and ornamental trees, such as Silk Oak, Koa, various species of Eucalyptus, Golden and Pink Showers, Pride of India, Poinciana, Albizzia, etc. The price of the seed varies from 10 to 50 cents per ounce. The seedlings may be had for 2% cents each, except a few kinds which are 5 cents. Seed of the various palms is also for sale, the price per 100 varying from $1.00 to $2.50. All seed is tested 'before being sent out, which insures its being good. All communications in regard to seed or trees should be addressed to David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman, Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii. C. S. JUDD, Superintendent of Forestry. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. To give information about insects free of charge is one of the duties of this Division, and Hawaiian readers are hereby invited to make inquiry in person and by mail. In order to be able to advise intelligently or send the right kind of useful insects for relief, we like and sometimes it is indis- pensable for us to see the insects suspected or caught in the act, also speci- mens of the injury. In a tin with a hole or two, or a wooden box, speci- mens may be mailed by parcels post. When specimens are not accompanied by letter, always write your name and address in the upper left-hand corner of the package. Address all communications, SUPEEINTENDENT DIVI- SION OF ENTOMOLOGY, P. O. BOX 207, HONOLULU, HAWAII. EDW. M. EHEHOEN, Superintendent of Entomology. PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION. The Board of Commissioners issues for general distribution to persons in the Territory, annual reports, bulletins, circulars, copies of its rules and regulations, and other occasional papers, which may be had, free, upon application. A complete list of the publications of the Board available for distri- bution (together with the titles of certain issues now out of print) is to be found on the cover of the last biennial report. Applications for publications should be addressed to the Mailing . Clerk, P. O. Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii. DIVISION OF HYDROGRAPHY. Eooms 17-22 Kapiolani Bldg. Tel. No. 3662. The Division of Hydrography has on hand free publications relative to the water resources of the Hawaiian Islands. These publications furnish detailed data as to daily, monthly, mean, maximum, and minimum run-off of streams and ditches, and also cuts and maps pertaining to the different islands. These publications will be mailed free of charge on request. The records and maps of this Division are available for inspection by any one who desires information relative to water resources, topography, etc. Blue print copies of hydrographic data relative to any stream, ditch, spring, etc., which may be under observation by this Division will be mailed free of charge on request. G. K. LAEEISON, Superintendent of Hydrography. THE HAWAIIAN FORESTER AND AGRICULTURIST VOL. XIV. HONOLULU, MARCH, 1917. NO. 3 WELCOME BOTANICAL WORK. A distinct addition to our literature on the subject of trees came off the press early in March as "The Ornamental Trees of Hawaii, " by Mr. Joseph F. Rock, Botanist of the College of Hawaii and Consulting Botanist of this Board. The need for this book has been felt for some time not only by local residents but also by the tourist who often wants to know something more about the beautiful trees which he sees growing here. The book, which was published under patronage, describes practically all of the introduced ornamental trees in the islands, and also many of the interesting shrubs, fruit trees and orna- mental vines. It is well printed and bound and contains 79 illuminating illustrations and in addition two color plates. It is a book which every island resident should feel proud to have on his library shelf. PLANT INSPECTION BUILDING. In the interests of making more efficient the work of plant inspection which aims to prevent injurious insects from gaining an entrance into the Territory, Governor Pinkham, at the re- quest of this Board, set aside by Executive Order No. 41 on February 14, 1916, an area of 7740.7 square feet of government land on Kekuanaoa street, Honolulu, near the waterfront. It is the plan of this Board to erect on this land suitable concrete buildings, plain in style, for the accommodation of the work of plant inspection, quarantine and fumigation. By concentrating this work on the waterfront and furnishing suitable buildings where the inspection work can be done to the best advantage, it is believed that the work of keeping out in- jurious pests can be made much more efficient. , Among the promising new tree introductions in the Terri- tory, as pointed out in the report of the Superintendent of For-. estry, are the Benguet pine, Pinus insularis, a valuable timber tree from the Philippine forests, and the Australian red cedar, Cedrela australis, which is similar to but lighter than mahogany, but which is considered to be the most valuable timber tree, growing in Nfew South Wales. m 62 Poultry raisers who are troubled with the existence of sore- head in their flocks would do well to follow the advice concern- ing the use of a preventive treatment, described in the report of the Territorial Veterinarian printed in this issue. Division of Forestry Honolulu, March 22, 1917. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu. Gentlemen : — I respectfully submit the following routine report of the Division of Forestry for the month of February, 1917: Forest Reserve Matters, On February 12 I made an inspection of the project of con- structing a ditch from Hillebrand Glen to No. 4 Reservoir in Nuuanu Valley, within the Honolulu Watershed forest reserve, and found that the work was progressing in accordance with the terms of the license issued by the Land Commissioner, and approved by this Board. Very fortunately the ditch right-of- way is so located, mostly in the open, that only about six trees have to be cut in constructing the ditch. Early in the month I served notice on several residents of Hawaii, in the region of Laupahoehoe, to remove from the land of Piha within the Hilo forest reserve, the wild and semi-wild cattle to which they purported to claim ownership by March 31, stating that after this date drastic measures would be taken by this Division, as authorized by law, to get rid of this stock which is doing damage to the forest. Although repeated attempts have been made within the past years to round up these cattle, it has been found that on account of their wild nature and the impassable character of the country, probably the only way to get rid of them finally will be to shoot them. I deemed it best, however, to give those who claimed own- ership to this stock a final opportunity to remove them. Tree Planting. The planting of koa trees in the open places on government land in Manoa Valley, within the Honolulu Watershed forest reserve, was continued during the month. Along the lower boundary of the reserve, on the dry hillside, a few Australian red cedar and Japanese cedar trees were also planted out. The seed of the Benguet pine, Pinus insularis, received from the Director of Forestry at Manila, P. I., has germinated very well in the nursery, and several thousand trees will before long var- 63 be ready for planting out in suitable places on the higher eleva- tions on these islands. One box containing a thousand of the young seedlings was sent to Mr. A. A. Wilson, an enthusiastic tree planter at Wahiawa, who has kindly consented to try out at his elevation any new and promising trees which this Divi- sion may be able to furnish. During the month approximately 2000 Australian red cedar trees, Cedrela australis {} were sent out to twenty-two enthusiastic tree planters on the six main islands of the group. These gen- tlemen have agreed to plant out this newly introduced tree in suitable locations, to take good care of them and to report to this office from time to time on their growth. Biennial Report. A considerable portion of the month was spent in the prepara- tion of the biennial report for the Division of Forestry and in securing suitable photographs for illustrating it. Respectfully submitted, C. S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry. REPORT OF FOREST NURSERYMAN. Honolulu, Hawaii, March 22, 1917. C. S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry, Honolulu, T. H. Dear Sir: — I herewith submit a report of the work done during the month of February: Nursery — Distribution of Plants. In seed In boxes boxes transplanted Pot Grown Total Sold 200 50 250 Gratis 1000 5350 2142 8492 1000 5550 2192 8742 Collections. Collection on account of plants sold amounted to $ 1.00 Rent of office building, Nursery grounds, for December. . 35.00 Total $36.00 64 Collection and Exchange of Seed. We have been fortunate in procuring through our exchange system more seed of the Bermuda juniper, Juniperus Berrnudi- ana. From the Rev. Edward J. Lough, Paget Rectory, Bermuda, who visited Honolulu about six months ago we received a pack- age of seed of this species in return for seed which we gave him. In reply to a letter sent to the director of the Bermuda Agricultural Station we received another package of Bermuda juniper. This gentleman stated that he was very pleased to hear that the Bermuda juniper was growing so well in Hawaii, and assured us that should we desire more seed he would be very glad to supply us. The high class of wood which this tree produces in Bermuda would justify us in recommending the planting of it on a large scale. The trees of this species which we planted on the trail leading up to Sugar Loaf hill are doing exceedingly well. From letters received from a number of people on the other islands who received samples of the Bermuda cedar come very encouraging reports as to its growth. Mrs. C. C. Kennedy of Hilo, who with her husband visited Australia a short time ago, brought back a large assortment of seed which she received from the directors of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, and the Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. From the Sydney Gardens she received 24 packages and from the Melbourne Gardens 83 packages. The seed has been handed to us to be propagated. Plantation Companies and Other Corporations. The distribution of plants under this heading amounted to 17,000 in seed boxes, 700 in transplant boxes and 200 pot grown, amounting to a total of 17,900. Miakiki Station. The work at this station has been principally routine in con- nection with potting and transplanting plants. We are also- making additions to the buildings made necessary by the in- stalling of a short log saw mill. This work is being done by our own men. The setting up of the mill is completed, but the engine has not as yet been placed. Owing to the rush of work at the Honolulu Iron Works we have not been able to procure a man to put the engine in place. We have been promised a man as soon as possible, however. Honolulu Watershed Planting. Clearing off and making holes in the lower end of Hering Valley, hoeing the young trees recently planted and clearing trails constitute the principal work done during the month. 65 Advice and Assistance. At the request of people in and around the city, the writer has made calls and given advice as follows : Calls made 8, ad- vice by telephone 7, advice by letter 6, advice at Nursery 10. Respectfully submitted, David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman. Division of Hydrography Honolulu, March 7, 1917. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu, Hawaii. Gentlemen : — The following report of operations of the Div- ision of Hydrography during February, 1917, is submitted: Kauai. Only routine work was done. Several days were spent in an endeavor to locate the two continuous record water-stage re- corders lost in the Waimea and Hanapepe rivers in December, 1916. These rivers are still muddy and when clear another effort will be made to locate the missing instruments. Thirty-nine stream and ditch measurement stations were visited, and 21 discharge measurements were made. Seven rainfall measurement stations were visited. Oahu. An investigation of all water resources, including streams, springs, ditches, pumping plants and wells, also areas and crops irrigated, ownership of water, water rates, etc., of all valleys and localities on Oahu was started. An endeavor will be made to collect all available information, such as cost of ditches, struc- tures, etc., and the history thereof, to make separate maps of each valley showing all structures and crop areas and from these data to work up a comprehensive report which will contain all available information relative to water on Oahu. The valleys of Palolo, Manoa, N\uuanu and Kalihi are now under investi- gation. A considerable part of the time of the Superintendent of Hydrography and of Assistant Engineers Rice and Klise was taken up during the month in connection with the report of the 66 Territorial Water Commission which was printed and sent to the Governor of Hawaii on February 21, 1917. An investigation of the headwaters of the Kalihi stream was made and a rain gage established at an elevation of about 1000 feet. Eighteen stream and ditch measurement stations and seven rainfall measurement stations were visited, and five stream meas- urements were made. Maui. Twenty stream and ditch measurement stations were visited and 11 discharge measurements were made. A considerable amount of minor repair work in the nature of clearing trails, cleaning out intake pipes, etc., was accomplished. Biennial Report. A report of the operations of this Division for the biennial period ending December 31, 1916, was completed on February 5 and submitted to the Board. Very respectfully, C. T. Bailey, Acting Superintendent of Hydrography. 67 Division of Plant Inspection Honolulu, February 28, 1917. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu, T. H. Gentlemen : — I respectfully submit my report of the work done by the Division of Plant Inspection for the month of February, 1917, as follows: During the month there arrived at the port of Honolulu 41 vessels of which 21 carried vegetable matter. Of these vessels 9 passed through the Panama Canal in transit to the Orient. Disposal Lots Parcels Passed as free from pests 877 16,928 Fumigated 3 6 Burned 33 40 Returned 1 1 Total inspected 914 16,975 Of these shipments 16,634 packages arrived as freight, 140 packages as baggage of passengers and immigrants and 201 packages as mail matter. Rice and Bean Shipments. During the month 26,415 bags of rice and 1738 of beans arrived from Oriental ports and after careful inspection were passed as free from pests. Pests Intercepted. Approximately 4679 pieces of baggage belonging to passen- gers and immigrants from foreign countries were examined and 21 packages of fruit and 14 packages of vegetables were seized and destroyed by burning. On February 3 we seized seven boxes of oranges which arrived from Japan and destroyed them by burning. On February 5 a passenger brought one azalea plant and a thuya plant from Japan. The plants were fumigated and the soil removed and replaced with sterilized soil. On the azalea was found a coccid (Phenacoccus azaleae), and in the soil around the thuya were found 24 weevil larvae, a few ants and an earwig. All the soil was burned. Two packages of tree seed from Java for J. F. Rock were fumigated with carbon bisulphide as a precaution, as well as two packages of juniper seed from the West Indies for the Forester. 68 One package of tree seeds from Suva, Fiji, came by mail and was returned to the sender by the postmaster. Seven cases of beneficial insects arrived during the month and were turned over to the entomologist of the H. S. P. A. Four of these cases coming from Java were retained by me and were destroyed at the request of Mr. Fred Muir, as the material was in bad condition and useless. Hilo Inspection. Brother Matthias Newell of Hilo reports the arrival of seven steamers and one sailing vessel. Five steamers brought vege- table matter consisting of 228 lots and 2202 packages of fruits and vegetables, which were found free from pests. The sailing vessel brought lumber. During the month the S. S. Kujo Maru arrived direct from Yokohama and other Japanese ports bringing 1550 bags of rice, 290 bags of beans, 1 box yams, 1 bag peanuts and 4 bags sesame seed, all told 20 lots which were found free from pests. During the month I visited Hilo at the time of the arrival of this steamer and looked into the inspection personally. I found that the agents assist in every way to make the work easy for us and the hearty cooperation of the customs inspectors materially aid us. The inspection of materials from the Japanese boats is a long drawn out process. All materials have to be brought in by lighter which takes several days. No plants are allowed to land at Hilo under rulings of the Federal Horticultural Board. Kahului Inspection. Mr. Will Cooper, Inspector at Kahului, reports the arrival of two steamers, the Lurline, February 9, and the Manoa, February 24. These boats brought 16 lots and 511 packages of fruits and vegetables which were passed as free from injurious insects. Inter-Island Inspection. Sixty-three steamers plying between the port of Honolulu and other island ports were attended to during the month. The following shipments were passed as free from pests: Taro 641 bags Plants Ill boxes Vegetables 97 boxes Fruit 3 boxes Total passed 852 packages The following packages were refused shipment as they did not meet with the regulations pertaining to soil and infestations : 69 Plants 4 packages Fruit 5 packages Total refused 9 packages Respectfully submitted, E. M. Ehrhorn, Chief of Division of Plant Inspection. Division of Entomology Honolulu, March 20, 1917. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu, T. H. Gentlemen: — During the month of February the insectary handled 19,900 pupae of the melon fly, from which emerged 1014 females and 832 males of Opius fletcheri. This parasite was distributed as follows: Oahu — Females Males Mokuleia 75 40 Kailua 170 150 Wlaianae 25 15 Honolulu : Moanalua 225 150 Sheridan Street 215 175 Kauai — Hanalei 125 50 Lihue 150 95 Total 985 675 The insectary also distributed the following parasites : Dirrhinus. Mokuleia • 250 Tetrastichus, Lihue, Kauai 200 D. tryoni. Oahu — Females Males Mokuleia 100 30 Waianae 5 15 Kauai — Lihue 50 20 Lanai — Keomoku 40 12 Total 195 77. 70 Opius humilis. Oahu — Females Males Mokuleia 25 20 Waianae 10 15 Lanai — Keomoku 25 10 Total 60 45 Corn Leaf Hopper Egg Parasite. C. A. Rice, Lihue Kauai 300 Arthur Rice, Kailua 450 Sheridan Street 500 Makiki Nursery 975 H. S. P. A 50 2,275 Very respectfully, D„ T. Fullaway, Entomologist. Division of Animal Industry Honolulu, March 26, 1917. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu, T. H. Gentlemen : — I beg to submit herewith my report on the work of the Division of Animal Industry for the month of February, 1917: Sore-head in chickens is already becoming very prevalent. Whether this is due to the unusually wet weather cannot be determined now, but the fact remains that the poultry raisers who wish to protect their chickens by means of vaccination must begin now to secure the scabs from which to prepare the vaccine or else get along without this valuable preventive and treatment. In this connection it should be borne in mind that scabs or sores which have been treated with iodine, carbolic, crude oil, or any other remedy, cannot be used for vaccine, nor are the scabs which form subsequent to such treatment as effective as those from untreated cases. It is therefore recommended that until a sufficient quantity of scabs have been secured only the best birds be treated and that one or more culls be separated from the rest of the flock and allowed to develop scabs freely. A tea- spoonful of scabs will provide vaccine for about 100 young birds and this amount may frequently be secured from three pr four 71 birds when they are left untreated and kept on scant food. The scabs should not be picked until they come off easily and with little or no bleeding, and should then be exposed to direct sun- light until they are absolutely dry. When placed in a well- corked bottle (wide-mouthed) they may be kept for years, but if bottled before they are dry they will mold and decompose. As only the scabs from the skin, comb and wattles should be used for vaccine the usual treatment should be applied to any lesions which may appear in either the eyes, nostrils, mouth or throat, even in case of the culls which are otherwise left un- treated. When the scabs are forwarded to this office for the preparation of vaccine they will be carefully weighed upon re- ceipt and the exact amount of vaccine prepared from them will be returned to the sender by earliest mail possible. The vaccine is now preserved by the addition of one-half per cent of carbolic acid for which reason it does not decompose as readily as hitherto, but the bottle should nevertheless be kept in a cool dark place until the treatment is finished. Chicken cholera. An outbreak of this highly fatal disease oc- curred in a flock of more than fifty grown chickens all of which with perhaps one or two exceptions died in the course of a few days. Chicken cholera is one of the pasteurella group of dis- eases like swine plague and hemorrhagic septicemia, and the outbreak in question forms an excellent illustration of the theory that exposure and lessening of vitality are the principal causes of its appearance. All of the chickens in question roosted in the trees, and when, during one of the first nights in February, a cold rain storm occurred, lasting almost from midnight to day- break, the birds all became thoroughly chilled and began dying the following day. A post mortem examination proved the disease to be typical chicken cholera, which diagnosis was fur- ther borne out by microscopic demonstration of the polar staining hemorrhagic septicemia bacterium. Though this disease is sup- posed to be highly contagious none of the neighboring flocks, all of which were well housed, became infected. The two or three survivors undoubtedly must have been better sheltered than the rest of them, and while this is the first outbreak of this (Disease which has come to notice here for several years it should, never- theless, serve as a warning against leaving poultry unsheltered during the rainy season. Dog distemper was again brought to the quarantine station with two pups from the mainland which developed the disease a few days after arrival and before the preventive vaccination administered to them could take effect. One of them died, but as all the other young dogs in the station had been vaccinated no other cases occurred. As every kennel at the station has been full during the entire month it is hoped that the weather soon will moderate sufficiently 72 to allow of the construction of the new kennels authorized some months ago and for which the plans are ready. Respectfully submitted, Victor A Norgaard, * Territorial Veterinarian. REPORT OF ASSISTANT VETERINARIAN. Honolulu, March 15, 1917. Dr. Victor A. Norgaard, Chief of Division of Animal Industry. Sir: — I beg to submit the following report for the month of February, 1917: Tuberculosis Control. T. P. C. Railroad Ranch 625 621 4 Sore-head In Chickens. Three outbreaks of sore-head have been recorded, embracing a total of 42 chickens in all. Vaccine was administered at once, and all but seven made complete and rapid recovery. During the month 1200 cc. of c. p. vaccine was prepared. Importations of Live Stock. During the past month the following classes of live stock were allowed entrance at the port of Honolulu: S. S. Niagara, Sydney: 1 dog, Geo. Bawles. S. S. Sonoma, San Francisco: 1 ct. poultry, W. F. X. Co. S. S: Lurline, San Francisco: 16 polo ponies, W. F. Dilling- ham ; 27 mules, Schuman Carriage Company ; 4 Shropshire sheep, R. McWayne; 1 dog (Airedale), Major Sheer; Kahului — 1 horse, F. F. Baldwin; 1 ct. chicks, F. Pogue. S. S. Wilhelmina, San Francisco: 5 monkeys, 2 lemours, 1 raccoon, 1 monkey, 1 lemour, 1 porcupine, 1 lioness, 2 cubs, 1 gibbon, 1 baboon, 1 chimpanzee, R. E. Golden, c|o Chas. Carter; 25 cts. poultry, 2 red setter pups, A. W. Mathes, c|o Judge Lymer. S. S. Great Northern, 1 dog, C. D. Squire. S. S. Manoa, San Francisco: 43 cts. poultry. S. S. Persia Maru, Orient: 2 cts. Japanese games. 73 S. S. Matsonia, San Francisco: 1 dog, Mrs. W. D. Pelton, c|o W. F. X. Co. ; 1 clog, Mrs. F. D. Sinclair. Respectfully submitted, Leonard N. Case, Assistant Territorial Veterinarian. RABIES IN NEVADA. The wisdom of requiring a four months' quarantine on all dogs coming to this Territory from a rabies-infested region to prevent the introduction of this dreaded disease into these Islands, where it would undoubtedly run a calamitous course, is fully justified by the distressing experience which the State of Nevada is now having on account of the ravages of this disease. The report of the State Board of Stock Commissioners of Nevada for 1915 and 1916 gives in detail an account of the havoc which rabies has wrought in that State since its introduction in April, 1915, and the following paragraphs point out some of the troubles which Nevada is having on account of this disease. "The introduction of rabies into the State and its dissemina- tion over wide areas is the most serious matter of the kind Nlevada has ever been called upon to face. The nature of the disease and the manner in which it is spread renders its control exceedingly difficult and its complete eradication in a State like Nevada practically impossible. The menace to human life and the extensive loss of live stock from this disease makes its in- troduction and dissemination a calamity. "Rabies is a specific infectious disease to which human beings and all animals aie susceptible. Once it develops it is invariably fatal. It is spread naturally by the bites of infected animals. A person or animal bitten by a rabid animal is likely to be infected, but not invariably. When human beings are bitten through clothing or animals through their hair infection may not occur, but such bites must be regarded as dangerous. A bite upon unprotected portions of the body is very likely to result in in- fection. Human beings may also be infected by the introduction of saliva or other glandular secretions or of nerve tissue into already existing wounds. Care must be exercised by persons dealing with infected animals or their carcasses to avoid in- fection in these ways as well as against being bitten. "All animals which use their teeth as weapons of offense or defense are natural spreaders of rabies. Coyotes, wild cats, dogs and domesticated cats are responsible for most of the trans- ference, although the danger from rabid horses, mules and hogs is not to be overlooked. Cattle and sheep suffer equally with other animals, but they are less likely to bite for anatomical reasons. "After the symptoms of rabies develop there is no means for 74 successful treatment. It is then too late to arrest its progress. The Pasteur preventive treatment will protect exposed human beings against the development of rabies, provided it is under- taken in time. It has not proved so successful with animals and is generally regarded as impracticable for application to domestic- ated animals, not only on account of the comparative uncertainty of the results, but also because of the necessarily prolonged treatment and its expense. * "From the beginning of the outbreak in Nevada in the spring of 1915, to November 30, 1916, 89 persons who were exposed to rabies have received the Pasteur preventive treatment at the State Hygienic Laboratory at the University of Nevada. In addition, several persons have been treated privately by physi- cians. Of the 89 persons treated, 20 were exposed by coyotes, 43 by dogs, 14 by lynxes and cats, and 12 by other animals. Exact data as to the number and value of the domesticated ani- mals which have died of rabies are unobtainable. It is impossi- ble to collect such data under range conditions, more especially in the case of range cattle and horses than with sheep and farm animals. Furthermore, Nevada has no system for reporting such losses and the establishment and successful conduct of one is practically impossible. Reports indicate that the loss of live stock has been heavy. Doubtless $750,000 is a conservative estimate. With practically one-tenth of one per cent of our people exposed and given the Pasteur treatment and with a live stock loss of three-quarters of a million dollars during a period of twenty months, it will be seen that rabies constitutes an ex- ceedingly serious problem. "In the latter part of September, 1915, the Biological Survey sent Mr. E. R. Sans to Nevada to organize a corps of coyote hunters and direct their work. He established headquarters in Winnemucca and began operations immediately, which he has since prosecuted most earnestly, vigorously and intelligentlv. By October 15, 1915, he had 18 men in the field; June, 1916, his force consisted of 168 men, but was reduced about November 30 to 80. As soon as winter abates somewhat he plans to again increase his force. "These men have hunted, trapped and poisoned coyotes and other animals. They have turned in over 15,000 pelts of animals actually secured. They have distributed over 300,000 poisoned baits. Naturally but few poisoned coyotes are secured, as they sneak away to their hiding places as soon as the poison begins to operate. It is estimated that from 45,000 to 50,000 coyotes have been killed since operations began, and that estimate is probably too low. 75 Cost of Field Operations. The Federal Government has expended in this work in Nevada $51,581.96 The State of Nevada has expended 29,511.05 $81,093.01 "Rabies Quarantine. The affection many people exhibit to- ward dogs is one of the most serious obstacles to the effectual control of rabies. "Experience indicates that a strong central control by the State is preferable to local control. Many Nevada towns adopt- ed stringent rabies quarantines, under which no dog is allowed at large unless muzzled or upon leash, and any dogs found at large are promptly shot. This is radical but effective and should receive public support/' BY AUTHOEITY. FOREST RESERVE HEARING. Notice is hereby given that under the provisions of Chapter 37 of the Revised Laws of Hawaii of 1915, a public hearing will be held by