The HA\AIIAN FORESTER AND AGRICULTURIST CONTENTS PAGE Warning to Ranchers and Dairymen 113 Division of Forestry 115 Division of Plant Inspection 119 Division of Entomology 122 Division of Animal Industry 123 The Mangosteen in Hawaii 125 Candlenut Oil as an Industry 127 Fountain of Youth in Bananas 130 Pearls in Cocoanuts 131 Value of the Tropics 132 By Authority 133 VOL XIV. Price, Ten Cents No. 5 ^ THE li?r;:~'.-!7'' "" " rv O ^.Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliaillllllllllll IIIlllIIIlMIllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIllllIlllIIIIllllIlIlllIILr I Akxattter Sc Balfttmn, I 3Etmtt*i> = OFFICES: STANGENWALD BUILDING MEHLHORN BUILDING 82 WALL STREET - ALASKA COMMERCIAL BLDG. HONOLULU, T. H. SEATTLE, WASH. NEW YORK, N. Y. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS: J. P. COOKE President and Director W. M. ALEXANDER First Vice-President and Director J. R. GALT Second Vice-President and Director W. O. SMITH Third Vice-President and Director J. WATERHOUSE Treasurer JOHN GUILD Secretary H. A. BALDWIN Director A. L. CASTLE Director C. H. ATHERTON Director C. R. HEMENWAY Director Gtammtoaum ilmljatti0 nnh insurant Agents AGENTS FOR Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company Haiku Sugar Company Paia Plantation Maui Agricultural Company Hawaiian Sugar Company McBryde Sugar Company, Ltd. Kahuku Plantation Company Kauai Fruit and Land Company, Ltd. Kahului Railroad Company Kauai Railway Company, Ltd. — Honolua Ranch Z£ Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company — S American Central Insurance Company -■ The Home Insurance Company, New York 2 New Zealand Insurance Company 55 German Alliance Insurance Association 2 Switzerland Marine Insuance Company, Ltd. 55 ?IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1II1IIII1IIIIIIIHIIIIIIIII^ fJlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll's The Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist A Monthly Magazine of Forestry, Entomology', Animal Industry and Agriculture. Issued under the direction of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Territory of Hawaii. Address all communications to DANIEL LOGAN Editor "THE FORESTER" P. O. Box 366, Honolulu, T. H. For business relating to subscriptions or advertising, address HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD., Publishers, Honolulu, T. H. Price 10c. per copy; $1.00 a year; Foreign, $1.25 Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Honolulu, Hawaii. ?lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||? Board of Agriculture and Forestry DIVISION OF FORESTRY. FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREE SEED AND SEEDLINGS FOR SALE AT THE GOVERNMENT NURSERY. The Division of Forestry keeps constantly on hand at the Government Nursery, seed and seedlings of the important native and introduced trees. These are sold at prices just covering the cost of collection or growing. The list includes both forest and ornamental trees, such as Silk Oak, Koa, various species of Eucalyptus, Golden and Pink Showers, Pride of India, Poinciana, Albizzia, etc. The price of the seed varies from 10 to 50 cents per ounce. The seedlings may be had for 2^ cents eGeh, except a few kinds which are 5 cents. Seed of the various palms is also for sale, the price per 100 varying from $1.00 to $2.50. All seed is tested before being sent out, which insures its being good. All communications in regard to seed or trees should be addressed to David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman, Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii. C. S. JUDD, Superintendent of Forestry. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. To give information about insects free of charge is one of the duties of this Division, and Hawaiian readers are hereby invited to make inquiry in person and by mail. In order to be able to advise intelligently or send the right kind of useful insects for relief, we like and sometimes it is indis- pensable for us to see the insects suspected or caught in the act, also speci- mens of the injury. In a tin with a hole or two, or a wooden box, speci- mens may be mailed by parcels post. When specimens are not accompanied by letter, always write your name and address in the upper left-hand corner of the package. Address all communications, SUPERINTENDENT DIVI- SION t)F ENTOMOLOGY, P. O. BOX 207, HONOLULU, HAWAII. EDW. M. EHRHORN, Superintendent of Entomology. PUBLICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION. The Board of Commissioners issues for general distribution to persons in the Territory, annual reports, bulletins, circulars, copies of its rules and regulations, and other occasional papers, which may be had, free, upon application. A complete list of the publications of the Board available for distri- bution (together with the titles of certain issues now out of print) is to be found on the cover of the last biennial report. Applications for publications should be addressed to the Mailing Clerk, P. O. Box 207, Honolulu, Hawaii. THE HAWAIIAN FORESTER AND AGRICULTURIST VOL. XIV. HONOLULU, MAY, 1917. NO. 5 WARNING TO RANCHERS AND DAIRYMEN The recent and extensive spread of the vigorous weed called Spiny Pig Weed, Amaranthus spinosus L, y in the pastures near Honolulu and in other parts of the Territory has prompted the Board of Agriculture and Forestry to warn ranchers and dairy- men against this obnoxious plant and to use every possible means to prevent its further spread. The Spiny Pig Weed is closely related to the Tumble Weed and the Beet Root, which are found on the mainland, and in Hawaii grows to a height of at least five feet and spreadsjby seed in an alarmingly rapid manner. The chief objection to this weed is the fact that it bears a pair of very sharp thorns at the base of the leaves. Cattle will not eat the plant and they shun locali- ties where it occurs. This weed is particularly obnoxious because its seeds, con- sidering the size of the plant, are relatively small and are* formed in enormous numbers, one plant producing as many as 115,600 seeds. Since the seeds mature long before they are suspected and are shaken off by the wind, it is important to destroy the plant before the seeds form or come to maturity, in order to prevent the weed from spreading. It is, therefore, suggested that in order to prevent the occu- pation and ruination of pasture land by the spread of the Spiny Pig Weed, all persons owning or controlling such lands attack at once the weed where found, removing it by the roots and burning plant, seeds and all. Hawaii's fruit fly control campaign is attracting attention far away. More than a page of a recent number of the Agricultural News (West Indies) is devoted to the subject, the information having evidently been gained from a federal report of the ex- periments conducted here by Professors Back and Pemberton of the United States department of agriculture. Referring to the four parasites introduced here by Silvestri, Fullaway and Bridwell, the article says that the data published by Back and Pemberton "show that all four parasites have successfully estab- lished themselves and already promise to be an important factor in the control of Ceratitis capitata in Hawaii. These parasites have so far found conditions unusually favorable, with an abun- 114 dance of hosts and apparently no natural enemies, and it remains to be seen how they will survive in the struggle for existence which will come later." - According to the Barbados Agricultural Reporter, a commit- tee has been appointed with Professor J. B. Harrison, C. M. G., at its head, to consider and report to the Demerara government with respect to a recommendation made by the flour substitute committee that a sum of $15,000 be provided annually for "the erection and carrying on of a factory or factories for converting raw vegetable products into non-perishable and marketable prod- ucts and placing them in the market. This liberal and fore- sighted proposition in the colony named is only one of hundreds of symptoms of the world's awakening, through the grim stimu- lus of the greatest war of history, to the possibilities of increas- ing both the quantity and the variety of articles of human sub- sistence. In view of the territory-wide activity in raising garden truck and other foodstuffs as a war-protective matter, the advice of ex- perts cannot be too earnestly sought and appreciated. Regard- ing sweet potato culture in St. Lucia, W. I., A. J. Brooks is quoted by the Agricultural News as saying that much better re- sults would be obtained if all the leaves were removed from the cuttings before being planted out. "To produce heavy yields of all root crops," the same authority says, "the. land must be worked to a deep tilth to provide sufficient space for the tubers to swell. One deep, broad bank would yield more potatoes than two shal- low ones." In a letter to Tropical Life (London) from H. J. Moors, a long-established business man in Samoa, the following item appears: "We note that the lantana plague can now be overr come by engaging small colonies of flies~to over-run the trees and bushes and eat the seeds as fast as they are produced. The in- sect comes from Honolulu, and has been successfully translated to Fiji, where his activities are just the same." Lantana, once "a holy terror" in Hawaii, is never mentioned here nowadays. The pest seems to have been effectually "done for" by the insect in question. Occasionally the local daily press contains mention of a de- mand from abroad for kukui nut oil. For the benefit of home- steaders and others in Hawaii who may have become interested in the commercial possibilities of such a product, an article on the candlenut tree as known in Ceylon is reprinted in this num- ber from the Tropical Agriculturist of that country. The address of Dr. V. S. .Norgaard, Territorial veterinarian, Defore the Hawaiian Medical Association last year, is reprinted by the Tropical Agriculturist (Ceylon) for May from the Forester. 115 Division of Forestry Honolulu, Hawaii, April 5, 1917, Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu. Gentlemen: — I respectfully submit the following routine re- port of the Division of Forestry for the month of March, 1917. Hawaii Trip. From March 11 to 12 I was on the Island of Hawaii investi- gating several forest matters that had needed attention. The question of certain illegal occupancy of some of the forest reserve strips along the Volcano Road in the region of Glenwood and of cattle grazing on similar strips was looked into and a plan is being formulated for cooperative fencing which will end these difficulties. The new fence around Section A of the Olaa Forest Park Reserve above Glenwood was inspected and found to be in good condition. At the suggestion of the Land Commissioner I also made an investigation of the native forest on the unleased government land of Keauohana in Puna along the road leading to Kalapana. This land, along with the adjacent lands of Kehena and and Kee- kee, had recently been advertised for a general lease but on the protest of some Hilo residents, who pointed out the advisa- bility of retaining intact the native forest on these lands along the road, the sale was held up until such time as I could look into the matter. I found that on the land of Keauohana, the road runs through one of the most beautiful pieces of native forest that I have ever seen, consisting of tall, slim ohia lehua trees on the straight boles of which delicate ieie vines are entwined. In order to retain this forest intact and give it the necessary pro- tection it seems best to have it set apart as a forest reserve. The area is not large, but in asking the Territorial Surveyor for a description I have specified that the boundaries should in- clude land extending at least 1,000 feet on each side of the road. Where fencing is necessary, it is proposed to require this in the, general lease when the balance of the land is advertised. An opportunity was also afforded me on this trip to talk over the forest work on the island with Ranger Dodge and to give him instructions for future Work. Tree Planting. h Tree planting on the Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve in Manoa has continued during the month and- several, hundred 11.6 koa trees were set out on government land near the head of the valley. The koa trees planted in January on the Manoa Ranger Station have shown up better than any other species and some of them are already two feet high. The Australian red cedar • trees planted at the same time are also showing good growth. A new consignment of seed of the Benguet pine, Pinus In- sularis, was received from Manila and one pound was sent to the Parker Ranch for germination at the Keanakolu Nursery and planting out on the Mauna Kea Forest Reserve, Hawaii. A small quantity was also sent to Dr. C. P. Durney for experi- mental planting at the sanitarium in Kula, Maui. Five addi- tional boxes of Benguet pine seedlings have also been shipped to Mr. A. A. Wilson for planting out at the high elevation about Wahiawa, Oahu. Nuuann Valley Thinning. At the request of the City Planning Commission, with the ma- jority of members of which I personally looked over the trees along the road in the Honolulu Watershed Reserve leading to the Nuuanu .Pali, I began toward the latter part of the month and almost completed a thinning of some of the trees, mostly swamp mahogany and ironwood, at points along the road in order to open up vistas opposite waterfalls and other places of interest and to make the road visible at sharp turns in order to avoid danger of collisions. Forest Reserve Hearing. April 10, at 2:30 p. m., has been set by the Governor as the time for a public hearing at the Government Nursery to consider the setting apart of the Panaewa Forest Reserve in Waiakea, South Hilo, Hawaii, and the elimination of a small piece of land in Nuuanu and a small piece in Makiki, both within the Hono- lulu Watershed Forest Reserve. Since this is a hearing of the Governor and this Board, it is desirable that as many of the Commissioners as possible be present. Respectfully submitted, C. S. Judd/ Superintendent of Forestry. REPORT OF FOREST NURSERYMAN. Honolulu, Hawaii, April 16, 1917. Superintendent of Forestry, Honolulu, T. H. Dear Sir: — I herewith submit a report of the principal work done during the month of March : 117 Nursery — Distribution of Plants. In Seed In Boxes Pot Boxes. Transplanted. Grown. Total. Gratis 6000 2655 956 9611 Sold 300 40 340 Total 6000 2955 996 9951 Collections — Government Realisations. Collections on account of plants sold amounted to $ 3.50 Rent of office building, Nursery grounds, for January. . . . 35.00 Total $38.50 Preservation Forest Reserve. Collections for quarter ending March 31, 1917: Rent of lands within the forest reserves $43.25 Sale of black sand, Makiki Valley sand pit, 81 loads at 25c. 20.25 9 poles from Makiki Forest at 25c 2.25 Total . $65.75 Makiki Station. We have just completed the repairs and additions to the build- ings which will now give us ample room for storing and season- ing timber, etc. We are also busy building up our stock of plants which was reduced considerably during the latter months of 1916. Honolulu Watershed Planting. Owing to the heavy rains which did considerable damage to the road leading from the main government road to the Makiki Station, we were obliged to take the men from the watershed to assist in putting the road in good condition again. Other work done consisted of hoeing and clearing away grass and weeds from the young trees. Plantation Companies and Other Corporations. The distribution of plants under this heading amounted to 500 trees in transplant boxes and 75 pot grown trees, amounting to a total i)f 575. Advice and Assistance. The writer has, at the request of people in and around the 118 city, made the following number of calls, or given advice as follows : Calls made 10 Advice by telephone 12 Advice by letter . . .". 8 Calls at Nursery for advice 13 Collection of Seed. The seeding season is just coming in and we are busy col- lecting seed of all the available species to be found in and around Honolulu and on Tantalus. Respectfully yours, David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman. A wood specimen found in glacial drift and estimated by the Wisconsin state geologist to be approximately half a million years old has been identified by the forest products laboratory of the forest service as spruce. The estimated lumber cut in California for 1916 was 1,420,- 000,000 feet b. m. This is thought to be the largest cut for any one year in the history of the State, and is 290,000,000 feet more than the estimated cut in 1915. State forests with a total of over 3,600,000 acres have been established in thirteen States. Of these New York has the larg- est forests, which comprise 1,826,000 acres; Pennsylvania is second with 1,008,000 acres, and Wisconsin third with 400,000 acres. An office primarily for the handling of suggestions from the public has been added to the forest service organization jn San Francisco. This office will be conducted along the same line as similar offices in railroad, telephone, steet car companies, and other large public service corporations. It will give special con- sideration and investigation to all suggestions for the betterment of the service rendered on the national forests. In its campaign to make the national forests in California ac- cessible .and inviting as recreation regions, the forest service is planning to spend $6000 this summer in clearing the grounds and establishing camping places on the most traveled roads within the national forests. The improvements planned include suitable sanitation equipment, and signs along the highways that will call the attention of the public to the camps. 119 Division of Plant Inspection Honolulu, Hawaii, March 31, 1917. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Foretry, Honolulu, T. H. Gentlemen : — I respectfully submit my report of the work done by the Division of Plant Inspection for the month of March, 1917, as follows: During the month there arrived at the port of Honolulu 51 vessels, of which 23 carried vegetable matter. Of these vessels 6 passed through the Panama Canal in transit to the Orient. Disposal. Lots. Parcels. Passed as free from pests .... 974 20,657 Fumigated 15 806 Burned 103 103 Returned 5 27 Total inspected 1,097 21,593 Of these shipments, 21,195 packages arrived as freight, 192 packages as baggage of passengers and immigrants, and 206 packages as mail matter. Rice and Bean Shipments. During the month 27,005 bags of rice and 1,764 bags of beans arrived from Japan and Oriental ports, and after careful inspec- tion were passed as free from pests. Pests Intercepted. Approximately 6,298 pieces of baggage belonging to passen- gers and immigrants from foreign countries were examined, and 76 packages of fruit and 26 packages of vegetables were seized and destroyed by burning. On March 13 a case of orchids arrived from Guatemala, Cen- tral America. The plants were fumigated, as we found the Palm aphis (Certaphis lataniae), and a mealybug (Ceroputo species) infesting several plants. We also found a nest of ants (Pheidole species) and a black weevil in the packing which was detroyed by burning. On March 15 a pine tree belonging to a member of the crew who attempted to bring it ashore was returned to the vessel, Qi March 17th, 4 cases of fruit trees and ornamental plants arrived from Japan. They were fumigated as we found a colony 120 of ants (Prenolepis species) in the packing material, which was burned. On March 13, two cases of grain for A. H. Ford's exhibition . arrived from Australia. These were fumigated with carbon bisulphide as a precaution. A sago palm was found in the baggage of a Japanese passen- ger and was fumigated as a precaution. One bundle of mixed cuttings and plant roots from Japan was rejected, as the party was not landing here, but wanted to bring these to a friend, which is prohibited by the Federal Horticultural Board. The following packages were found in the postoffice : Five packages of tree seed from Japan which were contraband and returned to the postmaster. One package of pine tree seed for the forester, which were fumigated before delivery as a precaution. Four packages of tree seeds from Argentine for the Hawaii Experiment Station, which were infested with weevils were fumigated before delivery. One package of tree seeds from Borneo for Mr. J. F. Rock were also fumigated as a precaution before delivery. An orange and some green ginger were, found in a package of merchandise from Japan and were seized and burned. One package of Mantis eggs came from Japan for a party on Maui. The Mantis is a beneficial insect, but such a general feeder that it is thought best not to introduce it into the islands. During the month four baskets of beneficial insect material arrived from Manila for the H. S. P. A., and were delivered to Mr. O. H. Swezey and opened in my presence. All soil and packing have been destroyed. Hilo Inspection. Brother Matthias Newell reports the arrival of seven steamers of which four brought vegetable matter, consisting of 207 lots and 3,522 packages. Two cases of celery had to be cleaned from clinging earth. . Kahului Inspection. Mr. Will J. Cooper, Inspector at Kahului, reports the arrival of seven steamers of which two brought vegetable matter. These boats brought 11 lots and 305 packages of fruit and vegetables which were passed as free from pests. Mr. George B. Leavitt having been appointed Honorary In- spector for Eleele, Kauai, has been sent the necessary instruc- tions and the rules. and regulations. pertaining to the inspection of plants and fruits. 121 Inter-Island Inspection. Fifty-eight steamers plying between the port of Honolulu and other island ports were attended to during the month. The fol- lowing shipments were passed as free from pests : . Taro. . . .' 600 bags Plants 160 boxes Vegetables 189 boxes Fruit 8 boxes Total Passed. 957 packages The following packages were refused shipment, as they did not meet with the regulations pertaining to soil and infestations. Plants 8 packages Fruit 9 packages Total Refused 17 packages Respectfully submitted, E. M. Ehrhorn, Chief of Division of Plant Inspection. It is a common mistake in growing vegetables not to make the soil fine enough, and the seeds are sown among small clods. At other times the soil is in too soft a condition, and the seeds are planted to loose soil. Such soil conditions are often responsible for unsatisfactory germination or at least weak development. Very often vegetable seed is planted too deep. The smaller the seed the shallower it must be planted; peas may be planted two inches deep, lettuce seeds merely raked in and barely covered. Seeds should never be sown too thickly. — Agricultural News. In contradistinction to school gardens, home gardens are be- coming increasingly popular in Canada. The Agricultural Gazette of Canada contains an account of the progress made in various provinces, and it appears that the scheme is successful and useful. A good deal depends on the assistance and super- vision of the visiting teachers. It appears that the pupils take. a greater interest in home gardens' than in school gardens, which is only to be expected in view of the fact that the home .garden is entirely in the pupil's own hands. — Agricultural News. More than a thousand million pounds' weight of coffee comes to the United States, according to the Louisiana Planter, which then goes on to say that Dr. L. K. Hirshberg, of the Johns Hop- kins .University, says that coffee is a food, a whip, a fertilizer, a heat-maker, a true stimulant, a thirst quencher. Roasted, it con T tains over 13 per cent fat and oil, but little or no moisture. 122 Division of Entomology Honolulu, Hawaii, April 11, 1917. Board of Comissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu, T. H. Gentlemen : — During the month of March the insectary handled 31,300 pupae of the melon fly. From these there were bred 524 females and 682 malts,Opius Hetcheri. The distribution of parasites was as follows: Optus Hetcheri. Oahu— Females. Males. Sheridan Street 115 135 Kailua 150 60 Niu 170 150 Waianae 110 80 Pearl City 50 20 Hawaii — Paauhau 100 75 Opius humili. Oahu— Kaimuki 110 10 Diachasma tryoni. Kaimuki 30 13 Paranagrus (Corn leaf hopper parasite). Makiki 3,350 Moiliili 250 Pearl City 250 Kailua 600 Kauai — Lihue .-. . . : 2,400 Molokai 450 Respectfully submitted, David T. Fullaway, Entomologist. " Balsa wood, found in. Central America, is said to be the lightest known wood. It is lighter than cork and has an average specific gravity of only .104. 123 Division of Animal Industry Honolulu, Hawaii, May 4, 1917. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, ;■: i Honolulu, T. H. Gentlemen: — I have the honor to submit herewith the report of the Division of Animal Industry for the month of March, 1917 : Tuberculosis Control. The following dairy cattle have been tested during the month : Con. Tested. Passed, demned. O. R. &L. Co., Mokuleia Ranch.. 411 404 7 " .. 42 40 2 Kawailoa Ranch.. 65 62 3 Chas. Mascke, Kaimuki ...;.... 1 1 Walter Love, Niu Ranch 35 33 2 Chas. Lucas, Niu Ranch 143 140 3 K. Sato, Gulick Avenue 12 11 1 From the above list it will be seen that a total of 709 head were tested, out of which number 691 were passed and tagged and 18 condemned and branded. In every case when possible post mortem examinations have been made of the condemned animals. The 12 cows slaughtered of the O. R. & L. Com- pany were slaughtered at the Honouliuli abattoir and were pre- sumably inspected by the health officer of that district. Only one condemned cow was segregated in order to allow it to calve before being slaughtered. Sorehead in Chickens. The demand for vaccine for this disease is still increasing. During the past month 18 chickens were injected, and 1000 c.c. of chicken vaccine was sent to Mr. P. M. Pond, Kemoo Farm. Importations of Live Stock. S. S. Makura, Sydney— -1 dog, M. F. Evans. S. S. Makura, Orient — 1 ct. (4) Japanese game, I. Hinita. S. S. Lurline, San Francisco — 1 horse, Capt. H. C. Pratt; 3 horses, Capt. H. F. Graham; 2 horses, Lieut. .V. T. Erwih; 4 hogs, A. B. Humphrey; 5 hogs, L. K. Smith; 5 hogs (Hamp- shire), J. H. Wilson; 2 collie pups, Dr. J. HL Raymond; 44 mules, Schuman Carriage Co.; 29 cts. poultry,::*::- • ::: "? 124 S. S. Wilhelmina, San Francisco — 4 cts. poultry, 1 ct. guinea pigs, 1 ct. pigeons, W. F. X. Co. S. S. Manoa, San Francisco — 1 ct. quail, 1 can live fish, W. F. X. Co. ; 1 dog and 6 pups, Dr. Fitzgerald, Maui ; 29 cts. poultry. S. S. Matsonia, San Francisco — 1 dog, City Transfer Co. S. S. Great Northern, San Francisco — 1 dog, R. N. Horton; 1 dog (Brussill Griffon), Mrs. Weir. Blackleg in Cattle. As reported to the Board verbally, a case of blackleg had oc- curred on a ranch in Kalihi during the early part of the month, and in order to guard against the further spread of this disease, blackleg vaccine was cabled for and arrived a week later from San Francisco. With this preventive the remaining young stock on the ranch, seven head in all, were vaccinated, and no further cases have developed since that time. The origin of the disease has not yet been ascertained. It is claimed that no bone meal has been used on the ranch in the salt licks, nor has bone meal been sold as a fertilizer in that neighborhood or within a dis- tance of a couple of miles from the place of infection. Leave of Absence. Owing to ill health in his family, Dr. H. B. Elliot of Hilo was granted a leave of absence from his position as deputy territorial veterinarian, for a period of six weeks, dating from March 28, and the assistant territorial veterinarian, Dr. L. N. Case, was directed to fill his position at Hilo during Dr. Elliot's absence. Anhnal Quarantine Station. The two collie pups which arrived on the steamship Lurline during the early part of this month were both affected with dog distemper at the time of their arrival, and both died from the disease. This new introduction of this easily transmitted infec- tion again necessitated the vaccination of all the young dogs in the station, and none of these up to the present writing developed the disease. The construction of new kennels will be begun as soon as pres- sure of work will permit. Very respectfully, Victor A. Norgaard, Territorial Veterinarian. What is believed to be the largest Hevea rubber tree is de- scribed in the India Rubber World. The tree, which is situated near the river Acre, in Brazil, is 127 feet in circumference at the base, and has a record of yielding for 120 days an average of 22 pounds of rubber a day. 125 The Mangosteen in Hawaii By Vaughan MacCaughey, Professor of Botany, College of Hawaii. Numerous requests have been received by the writer for in- formation concerning the famous mangosteen and its relatives. The following data has been prepared with the hope that it may be of interest to your readers, as the mangosteens have a very important place in tropical horticulture. The mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana Linn., receives its name from the native Malayan mangonsta. It is a native of the East Indies, and requires a hot, fairly equable climate. It is culti- vated to a very limited extent in the West Indies. Innumerable attempts have been made to naturalize this valuable fruit tree in various parts of the tropics, but these efforts have seldom met with success. Many trees have been brought to the Hawaiian Islands, from time to time, but have not thrived, and eventually have died. At the present time there are only two trees known in these islands — one on Kauai (Francis Gay), and one on Maui (Harry Turton). The mangosteen is recognized as one of the most localized culti- vated plants in the tropics; its range is very small, and outside of that range it is excessively rare. The tree is very slow-growing; 20 to 30 feet high, with a symmetrical round-topped crown, conical in shape. The bark and wood are long and 3 to 4 inches wide ; elliptic-oblong, entire, acuminate, and leathery. They are beautiful glossy green above ; olive below; the veins are horizontal and very numerous. The male flowers resemble small single roses, with purple or yellow-red petals; these flowers are lyi inches in diameter, and are arranged in few-flowered terminal fascicles. The sepals are orbicular; the petals are broad ovate and fleshy. The mangosteen fruit has been pronounced by experts to be the most luscious of all tropical fruits. It is round, the size of a small orange, 2y 2 inches in diameter, with a rind of similar thickness and edible segments of form and arrangement like those of an orange. The thick rind yields a very astringent juice, rich in tannin, and containing a gamboge-like resin. The fruit bears the persistent calyx. The rind is green at first, later becom- ing brilliantly colored with rich purple, marked with gray or yellow spots. It is sometimes reddish brown or chestnut. The pulp is soft, juicy, snow-white or rose colored, and of inde- scribably delicious flavor and perfume. There are many large flat seeds. Although the fruit of the true mangosteen is unknown in Ha- waii, its close lelative, the Yellow-fleshed Mangosteen, Garcinia xanthochymus Hook, f., is quite common. This tree is native to 126 India, and was first introduced into Hawaii by Albert Jaeger. In other places it is used as a stock upon which to inarch the true mangosteen. It is a beautiful pyramidal tree, with a dense crown on .dark green glossy foliage. The leaves are long, narrow and leathery, and of distinct ornamental value. The flowers are axillary and resemble those of the mangosteen. The Yellow-fleshed Mangosteen ripens from November to February. Mature trees give good yields. The fruits are about the size of a peach, with smooth, thin, golden yellow skin. The flesh is also bright yellow; it is very juicy, somewhat sour, and contains numerous large seeds. These fruits are not uncommon in Honolulu gardens but do not appear in the markets. The genus Garcinia belongs to the Guttiferae, and was named in honor of Laurent Garcin, a French botanist and traveler (died 1752), who lived and collected in India. It is a polymorphous genus of 150 or more species, in tropical Africa, Asia and Poly- nesia. They are usually trees, with a yellow juice. The leaves are evergreen, opposite or ternate simple, often thick. The flow- ers are solitary or fascicled, polygamous or dioecious ; sepals and petals, 4 ; stamens in male flowers many, 2- or 3-delpnous ; female flowers with staminodia; ovary 2- to many-celled, with sessile stigma and solitary ovule in each cell; fruit fleshy with a thick rind. The so-called "Wild Mangosteen" of the East Indies is a com- mon tree (Diospyros peregrina), with a dense crown and astrin- gent fruit. The Gamboge tree {Garcinia morella) is a native of southern. Asia, whose resinous juice yields the well-known yel- low pigment and purgative. The "Kokum Butter" of the East In- dies is a solid oil derived from the seeds of Garcinia indica. Other members of this family, which are of interest, are the familiar Hawaiian kamani, (Calophyllum inophyllum) , common along the island beaches and used for calabashes and cabinet- work; and a fragrant shrub, Cratoxylon polyanthum var ligus- trinum. A good specimen of the latter may be seen in the Queen's Hospital grounds. It is to be earnestly hoped that in time the true mangosteen may be acclimated in Hawaii and thoroughly established here. It would be a great horticultural asset to Hawaii, as it is unques- tionably the finest fruit which the tropics has produced. So far as is known to the writer, the above account is the only comprehensive statement concerning the mangosteen fruits in Hawaii. Brief notes are given by Wilder, Bryan, Higgins arid others. 127 Candlenut Oil as an Industry (Tropical Agriculturist.) Candlenut is the local "tel-kekuna" or "rata-kekuna" and is the Aleurites triloba of the scientist. One of the many ornamental trees naturalised in many parts of India is the Belgaum or Indian walnut or candlenut tree {Aleurites moluccana). The home of this tree stretches from the Pacific Islands through the Malayan Archipelago to Further India, and it is abundant in New Caledonia, Queensland and New Guinea. It appears to prefer a protected situation, hence it is common in the woods and especially plentiful in narrow valleys and ravines up to an altitude of 2600 feet above sea level. Its roundish fruits are about the size of a small apple and consist of a thick fleshy rind, containing one or two heart-shaped seeds which are very hard-shelled and of the size of a horse chestnut. The oil, which is present to the extent of over 60%, is almost colorless, rather thick and of agreeable taste and smell when cool pressed. If warm pressed it is brown and disagreeable in taste. It is highly prized for burning and serves as a lubricating oil and for soap-making. The natives of the Pacific Islands take the nuts out of the rind and roast them over a fire until the shell can be broken with the tap of a stone. The kernels are then threaded on a splinter of bamboo or on the midrib of a coconut leaf. They then bind round a few strings of seeds with bark or leaves and obtain a bright burning but sooty and disagreeably smelling torch. This is the origin of the word "candlenut tree. ,, The torches, because they burn brightly, are used for fishing at night. The half-ripe fruits with salt have a delicate flavor, but the ripe fruits are unwholesome and only eaten in time of scarcity. The candlenut was not hitherto considered as of commercial importance in Ceylon. The trees were growing wild and people collected the seeds from which oil was pressed. But since kero- sene came into general use, oil-pressing has been practically abandoned and trees were cut and the timber used for making tea chests, despoiling all village gardens of trees on which the saw could operate. This is a subject which hardly needs introduction to the local residents, as the sight of the tel-kekuna or rata-kekuna tree; — dis- tinguishable at a glance from among the forest growth Dy the silvery shade of the young foliage and noticeable as one passes in the train or along the road — is too frequent to escape attention. Local Conditions. The tree is never cultivated but grows spontaneously in.gar- dens from self-sown seeds. It is quick-growing and begins to 128 bear at the end of the second year. It grows with a wide head ; the fruits ovoid in shape and ashy in color containing two or more heart-shaped hard-shelled seeds with white kernel which contains over 60% of volatile oil uninflammable without the aid of a wick. The oil is rather thick, very drying, pale yellow and slightly bit- ter to taste. It is useful in painting and making varnishes. It is not fit for edible purposes, because of its purgative properties. When warm-pressed, as is generally done in the wedge oil-press, it is brown and disagreeable in taste but is a good lubricating oil. Locally the oil is used only for burning in the brass lamp (pana). Commercial Value. For the above purposes it is much sought for in the United Kingdom and the U. S. A. and recently there was an inquiry from the Imperial Institute as to whether consignments of from 10 to 20 tons of the oil would be available in Ceylon. A survey in the Kandy district disclosed that about 25,000 bottles would be available in the season (April to July) while a merchant to whom the matter was referred reported that a ton would cost Rs. 400 as against 600/- for coconut oil. The oil is extracted by first crushing the kernels in a mortar, steaming the powder over a boiling pot of water and then press- ing (inside a basket made of the spathe of the kitul flower) in the wedge oil-press. Manurial Value. The oil-cake contains a large quantity of nitrogenous material and is highly prized as a manure, being equal if not superior to castor-cake. The leaves form a valuable green manure — the de- cayed leaves producing an excellent humus. The roots, so far as is known, do not interfere with any other plantation on the land. It is the experience of the cultivators that fields above which kekuna trees stand derive much benefit from the refuse of the tree — decayed leaves, rind and shell of the fruits — washed in the rains. It is their experience that no artificial or other organic manure is so beneficial as the oil-cake for wasted fields. In Ceylon there is another tree known as kekuna. It is dis- tinguished by the prefix dik — as against tel — or rata — for candle- nut. It is the Canarium- Zeylanica of which the nuts resemble the Brazil-nut. A resin is obtained from the tree and used for fumigating purposes, while the kernels are used in certain sweet- meats. These are found in Batticaloa, Chilaw and Rakwana districts. Possibilities as a Commercial Product. The candlenut oil sells locally at between 20 and 25 cents the bottle. Between 12 and 15 bottles of oil can be extracted from a 129 bushel of nuts. About 3200 nuts go to a bushel and it is calcu- lated, judging from the heavy bearing character of the tree (it is a usual sight to see several branches of a tree coming down through the weight of the crop), that a yield of 4 to 6 bushels per full grown tree, or even at times up to 7 or 8 bushels, should be obtained. This represents anything above Rs. 15/- per tree at the present local valuation of the oil — not taking into con- sideration the manurial value to be derived from the cake. The tree requires little or no cultivation. An acre left to the candle- nut tree should prove a very remunerative plantation for the owner. On the above estimate, at the rate of 25 to 30 feet apart per tree, owing to its spreading habit, 60 trees will cover an acre with some other crop, for which the candlenut should serve as a valuable shade. Candlenut trees should therefore prove a safe inter-crop and a profitable industry. Demand. The foreign demand for the oil is insistent, but with the hand wedge-press to express the oil, it is difficult at present to guar- antee shipments of 10 to 20 tons, though according to a broker and commission agent in Colombo who investigated the matter "there would be no difficulty in getting 50 to 100 tons, but it would mean sending out a regular army of collectors and having stores at Kandy and other centers." As demand creates supply, supply must necessarily create de- mand and, if those so situated as to be able to set apart a small plot for the tree would ponder over the possible industry that will ultimately be created, Ceylon should become one of the principal suppliers to America and England of the oil which is so much in demand. The candlenut tree being of speedy growth would also prove a valuable fuel to meet estate requirements. J. S. De Silva. The United States geographic board has approved the chang- ing of the name of Bald mountain, near Sumpter, Oregon, to Ireland mountain in commemoration oi the late Henry Ireland, who, for ten years, was supervisor of the Whitman national forest on which the mountain is located. Ireland mountain is 8330 feet high, and has a forest service lookout station on its summit. 130 Fountain of Youth in Bananas "The Banana" is the title of a six-page broadside, six news- paper columns to the page, issued in Boston in connection with the conservation of food campaign. It is filled with articles and terse paragraphs setting forth the high food value, joined with wholesomeness and cheapness, of the banana. One of the arti- cles, being from the New York Tribune, is reprinted below. In connection with Edison's recommendation therein of the ba- nana as a rectifier of the digestive system, it can be stated that the late Hon. James I. Dowsett of Honolulu used to give prac- tically the same advice to his friends — eat one or two ripe bana- nas an hour or more before the regular breakfast. Following is the article from the New York paper already mentioned : The banana received a tribute yesterday from a great man. General Rafael Reyes, former President of Colombia, now here to aid in obtaining the approval at Washington of the treaty which is to give Colombia $25,000,000 for the loss of Panama, attributes his present fine physical condition at sixty-five years to the banana. At the same time, he paid his compliments to Thomas A. Edison, who it was that gave the Colombian states- man the secret of health and longevity, which General Reyes said he is anxious to give to the world. True it is that General Reyes today looks in better health and more vigorous than he did when he was here two years ago. And when this was mentioned to him, he enthusiastically told of the valuable information given him by Mr. Edison. It was something General Reyes did not know, although he comes from a great banana-producing country. Three Great Properties of Banana. "General," said Mr. Edison, in giving his simple health for- mula, "the stomach is like the boiler of a steam engine. It must be kept clean to work with regularity. Chemical analyses have been made of all the fruits and vegetables of the temperate and tropic zones, in search for one which should give strength to vital cells by containing the three elements essential thereto — nour- ishing food and tonic to purify the blood, phosphorus for the brain, and, what is more important, an efficient and mild laxa- tive for the stomach. "These three qualities have been found in the banana, espe- cially in the one called 'Pacifico,' which grows in Colombia, and the one called 'De La Isla/ which grows in Lima. "Every morning, two hours before rising, eat one or two very ripe bananas — the peel must be black — and masticate them very carefully. Immediately afterward drink one large glass of very 131 cold water. For two hours afterward lie in bed, which facili- tates the cleansing of the stomach and the assimilation of the phosphorus and nutritive substances. ,, On Banana Diet Tzvo Years. "I have not failed one day in the last two years to follow this beneficial regime," said General Reyes, "and it has given me back my health. Numerous friends in Patagonia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and other countries where I traveled and to whom I gave this great remedy have affirmed its efficacy. "Unfortunately, it is difficult to change one's habits, and out of perhaps one hundred individuals there will be but two who possess the energy to follow it. The treatment relieves or cures dyspepsia, heart-burn, disorders of the liver and kidneys, and even obesity. For children it is excellent, also for weak and anaemic persons. I give this great cure to the world, that every- body may profit by the wise advice of Mr. Edison." PEARLS IN COCONUTS The best known home of pearls is the oyster shell, though very fine pink pearls are found in conch shells, common on West Indian beaches. The Queensland Agricultural Journal makes reference to pearls in coconuts. It says : "In 1911, the then Governor of Queensland (Sir William Mac- Gregor) obtained from Mr. T. A. Williams, of Sabai Island, Torres Strait, valuable information on the subject of the dia- meter of space to which root cords spread out from the base of coconut trees, and courteously handed the report to us for pub- lication. This appeared in the October issuex)f the Journal, 1911. "Whilst discussing the root question, His Excellency informed us that in Hawaii (or Fiji?) he had been handed a coconut for his refreshment, and that he found inside it a valuable pearl. He saw the coconut opened, and was quite sure the pearl was not dropped into it. He gave the pearl td a lady present, who after- ward wore it at some court function in London. Singularly enough, today we find in a book on 'Tropical Agriculture/ by Dr. H. A. Alford Nicholls, the following remarkable confirmation of the existence of pearls in coconuts. The author says, when describing the various parts of the nut: 'Finally a very singular and highly-prized pearl is found, under very rare circumstances, in coconuts, and a specimen has lately been added to the Museum of the Royal Gardens at Kew (1892)/ " — Agricultural News. 132 Value of the Tropics The Cinderella of the World, i. e., the tropical producing centers, is slowly but surely coming into her own. The latest tribute to her right to be placed in the ball-room instead of the kitchen is the February issue of the India-rubber World of New York. This well known monthly tells its readers that "The in- creasing dependence of the United States on the tropics for raw materials and foodstuffs not produced in this country is shown by the fact that more than a billion dollars' worth of tropical prod- ucts were brought into this country during the fiscal year 1916. The exact total, $1,060,850,416, represented an increase of $253,- 208,231 over the year 1915. Imports of rubber, etc., amounted to $304,000,000 during the fiscal year 1916, against $280,000,000 in 1915, and $109,000,000 in 1905, and were exceeded in value only by sugar, coffee and fibres. " Thanks to the International Congress of Tropical Agricul- turists, held at the Imperial Institute (London) just before the War started in 1914, and Mr. Staines Manders' Rubber and Tropical Products Exhibition and Congress which took place at the same time, official London, in the person of Mr. Lewis (now Viscount) Harcourt, was good enough to acknowledge that Cin- derella, so far as England was concerned, ought really to leave the kitchen and take her proper place in the household of the Empire. Had it not been for the War her fairy godmother would probably by now have been able to present her with her first ball dress, i. e., the School of Agriculture and Institute of Scientific Research in Ceylon, whilst preparing a second one for her to wear in Trinidad or elsewhere in the West Indies. She will have those dresses yet, but at what date has still to be de- cided. Cinderella's presentation at Court will be somewhat of the nature of a movable feast, and depends on the date when peace is to be proclaimed. If our readers can tell us when the German Military Party will be forced by their down-trodden victims in Germany to own themselves beaten, then we can give some idea as to when Ceylon will offer Cinderella her first ball dress. Such costumes take some time to prepare, if they are to be worthy of the owner, but the gift ought to be made within five years of the declaration of peace. — Tropical Life. In order to determine its practicability as a forest fire fighting tool, the forest service in California supplied a number of its patrolmen this season with a combination detachable shovel and hoe made to fit one handle. This tool, which is easily portable, it is hoped, will take the place of two separate tools, both here- tofore considered essential in forest fire fighting. 133 BY AUTHORITY. TERRITORY OF HAWAII BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RULE XI DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY Rule and regulation of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry concerning the quarantine of all domestic animals on the Island of Oahu, on account of anthrax and hemorrhagic septicemia. Owing to the fact that diseases known as anthrax or charbon, and hemorrhagic septicemia, which affect most classes of domestic animals and the former of which may be transmitted to man, have made their appearance on the Island of Oahu, it is hereby ordered: Sec. 1. That there is hereby declared a quarantine of the Island of Oahu, and no domestic or other animal of any class or kind shall be shipped from or be allowed to leave the Island of Oahu until this quar- antine has been lifted by the Board of Agriculture and Forestry, except on a written permit from said Board. Sec. 2. That there is hereby declared a further quarantine of the area bounded by the following streets and lanes in the District of Honolulu, City and County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu; beginning at the north- east corner of Beretania and Artesian streets, thence along the east side of Artesian street, thence along the south side of pingham street, thence across Metcalf street and along the northern side of Metcalf street as far as the College of Hawaii grounds, thence across Metcalf street and along the eastern side of the lane leading from Metcalf street at the entrance to the College of Hawaii grounds, in an easterly and southerly direction past the Moiliili rock quarry to Beretania street, near the junction of King and Beretania streets, thence along the northern side of Beretania street to the point of beginning. No domestic or other animal of any class or kind shall be allowed to enter and /or leave the above described district until further notice from the Board of Agriculture and Forestry. Sec. 3. That the moving or transfer of any dairy animal from one dairy to another or from one pasture to another within the Honolulu District, from Maunalua to Moanalua, is prohibited until further notice from the Board of Agriculture and Forestry. Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of any person, or persons, whether owner of live stock or not, to report without delay the appearance of any kind of disease among live stock to the Territorial Veterinarian, his assistant or deputy, as well as to assist him in every way to locate, control and suppress any and all cases of the diseases in question. Sec. 5. Any person violating the above rule shall be guilty of a mis- demeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by *a fine not to exceed five hundred dollars ($500.00), as provided by Section 529, Revised Laws of Hawaii of 1915. This rule shall take effect upon its approval by the Governor of Hawaii. Approved this 25th day of May, 1917. LUCIUS E. PINKHAM, Governor of Hawaii. Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii. 134 NOTICE OF CHANGE IN ANTHEAX QUARANTINE AREA. Notice is hereby given that, effective at noon on June- 5, 1917, the quarantine area described in Section 2 of Rule XI of the Division of Animal Industry of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, approved by the Governor on May 25, 1917, is reduced to the area described as follows: Beginning as the west corner of Wilder Avenue and Metcalf street, and running as follows: 1. Northeasterly 765 feet more or less to the northeast corner of Met- calf and Marques streets; 2. Easterly 131 feet along Metcalf street; 3. Southerly 256 feet across Metcalf street and along the west side of 11 ft. lane; 4. Easterly 11 feet across lane to fence; 5. Southerly 230 feet along fence to stone wall on top of bluff; 6. Southeasterly 190 feet down face- of bluff and around base of sloping land to small bridge; 7. Southeasterly 560 feet along ditch along base of sloping land to premises of K. Matsumoto; 8. Southwesterly 40 feet along fence along premises of K. Matsumoto; 9. Southeasterly 117 feet along same; 10. Southwesterly 511 feet more or less along the northwest side of lane to Beretania Avenue; 11. Northwesterly 1065 feet along the mauka side of Beretania Avenue; 12. Northeasterly 236 feet along fence and cultivated ground to angle in ditch; 13. Northeasterly 630 feet along ditch; 14. Northerly 65 feet along ditch to .a point near base of sloping land; 15. Northwesterly 654 feet along ditch; 16. Northeasterly 172 feet along ditch; 17. Northwesterly 215 feet along ditch and across to the north side of Metcalf street; 18. Northeasterly 420 feet along Metcalf street to the initial point. BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. Honolulu, T. H., June 5, 1917. OREGON & CALIFORNIA RAILROAD CO. GRANT LANDS. Title to same revested in United States by Act of Congress dated June 9, 1916. Two Million Three Hundred Thousand Acres to be opened for Homesteads and Sale. Timber and Agricultural Lands. Containing some of the best land left in the United States. Now is the opportune time. Large sectional map showing lands and description of soil, climate, rainfall, elevations, etc. Postpaid One Dollar. Grant Lands Locating Co., Box 610, Portland Oregon.— Advertisement. Miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim FEED CO., LTD. | Dealers in 1 HAY AND GRAIN I = and Manufacturers of E I ALGAROBA FEED | E (A substitute for Oats and Rolled Barley) E E PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO = E SHIPPING ORDERS E | ISLAND ORDERS SOLICITED = E Sole Agents for the Territory for 5 E Pratt's Celebrated Horse, Cattle and Poultry E E Remedies E 5 Warehouse and Office: KAKAAKO E E P. O. Box 247 HONOLULU, T. H. Phone 3468 = TiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin LMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIirillllllllU: F. A. SCHAEFER & CO.. LID. E IMPORTERS j= 1 COMMISSION AND INSURANCE AGENTS AND | 1 SUGAR FACTORS | | AGENTS FOR = E Honokaa Sugar Company Pacific Sugar Mill E E Hawaiian Irrigation Company, Limited E E German Lloyd Insurance Co. (Marine) E E Magdeburg Tire Insurance Co. (of Magdeburg, Germany) E E Hamburg-Bremen Fire Insurance Co. (Hamburg, Germany) E E Bremen Board of Underwriters E E Hartford Pire Insurance Co. (of Hartford, Connecticut) E E Concordia Pire Insurance Co. of Milwaukee, Wisconsin E E Marine and Transportation Department E E Delaware Underwriters of the Westchester Fire Insurance Company E E (of New York) E E 55 Merchant Street, corner Kaahumanu E E Post Office Box 187 - - Cable Address: " Schaef erco ' ' 5 Tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii: jiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim: (modernize your home! I With Beautiful Marble and Tile Work | = s 1 \ L, -,.. 1 a .ra 25 UjJ fe mm 4«* *_*] zz ^. 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HEILMAN I E Office and Works: 1337 Nuuanu St., Honolulu E =Tt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iTt alllmmmlllllllmlmllmmllllmmlmlllmllllllmmlllllmllllllllllmlllllu I When planning to take your vacation or | 1 a trip to San Francisco, make your reserva- 1 | tions on a Matson Line steamer — finest ac- f | commodations and cuisine. | S FOB FULL PARTICULARS APPLY TO S J0a$tle$ Cooke, £td.j | HONOLULU AGENTS S | FOR | 1 FIRE, LIFE, MARINE, I I AUTOMOBILE AND I I TOURISTS' BAGGAGE 1 J INSURANCE ( I Castle $ Cooke, DdJ 1 HONOLXJLTJ, HAWAII | niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiii? ^Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli E OFFICERS 5 — E. Faxon Bishop, President Richard Ivers, Secretary = S Geo. H. Robertson, Vice-Pres., E. A. R. 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Pacific Coast Steamship Co. niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiik^ ^IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHU I J. M. DOWSETT I AGENT HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE CO. OF HARTFORD, CONN. WESTCHESTER FIRE INSURANCE CO. OF NEW YORK £ Merchant Street HONOLULU, T. H. 5 fiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii? sIiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu I GARDEN AND FARM TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS I E To do good farming you must have up-to-date tools E £ to work with. We carry a most complete line of every- E E thing needed by the small or large farmer, from the £ E smallest hand trowel to the largest cane plow. We 5 E also have a good assortment of Hand, Bucket or Bar- E E rel Sprayers. Our assortment of Hoes, Shovels, £ S Spades, Mattocks, Rakes, Garden Shears, Lawn Mow- £ £ ers, Garden Hose, and other things that are needed £ -£ daily about the farm or garden, is most complete and £ £ our stock large. £ I" E. 0. HALL 8 SON, LTD. I £ King and Fort Streets, Honolulu £ Fiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiimiiiiil fjllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllikllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllilillli IH. HACKFELD & CO., LID.I = HONOLULU, HAWAII E S San Francisco Office 310 Sansome Street E E New York Office 82 Wall Street = = IMPORTERS AND GENERAL = E COMMISSION AGENTS s E AGENTS FOR E E China Mail Steamship Company E E American-Hawaiian Steamship Company E E INSURANCE COMPANIES E Fire Association of Philadelphia Globe & Rutgers Fire Insurance Co. Phoenix Insurance Co., Colonial Fire Underwriters, Guardian Assurance Co., Ltd. Allianz Insurance Co., Ltd., of Berlin Tokio Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. Hibernia Underwriters Agency AGENTS FOR Lihue Plantation Co., Ltd.* The Koloa Sugar Company Kipahulu Sugar Company Kekaha Sugar Company, Ltd. Grove Farm Plantation Waiahole Water Co., Ltd. The Waimea Myi Co., Ltd. Pioneer Mill Co., Ltd. Oahu Sugar Company, Ltd. The Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co. ^iiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiii; ^IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIU: s Cable Address : * ' GUANO ' ' = 5 Codes Used: ABC 5th Edition, Lieber's, Western Union, Excelsior S I THE PACIFIC GUANO & FERTILIZER CO. I 5 Honolulu, T. H. Los Angeles San Francisco, Cal. 5 5 MANUFACTURERS A ND DEALERS IN £ Commercial Fertilizers Sulphuric Acid, Phosphoric Acid Superphosphates Neats Foot Oil Tallow Nitrate Soda Sulphate Ammonia Sulphate Potash Muriate Potash Bone Ash Bone Meal Animal and Willow Charcoal Fish and Bat Guano POULTRY FOODS Honolulu Address: 2365 N. KING STREET San Francisco Address: 343 SANSOME STREET 7illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||{9 iillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllf^ 1 Ready For Service | | A WELL-BRED HOLSTEIN BULL, 1 1 A grandson of TILLE ALCARTRA, the | | WORLD'S CHAMPION DAIRY COW and out | | of May Altoana Pietertje 2nd who has an f = official seven-day record of 15.55 lb. butter and = | 379.1 lb. milk. | 1 FIRST CHECK FOR $200.00 TAKES HIM § | Agricultural Dept. KAMEHAMEHA SCHOOLS HONOLULU I = HEADQUARTERS FOR £ E HOLSTEIN BULLS BERKSHIRE HOGS = iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiii: Officers and Staff of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry (1917) COMMISSIONERS. Arthur H. Rice, President Walter M. Giffard J. M. Dowsett A. L. C. Atkinson H. M. von Holt DIVISION OF FORESTBY. Charles S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry and Chief Fire Warden; also Executive Officer of Board. David Haughs, Forest Nurseryman. Joseph F. Rock, Consulting Botanist. Bro. Matthias Newell, in charge of Sub-Nursery at Hilo, Hawaii. Walter D. McBryde, in charge of Sub-Nursery at Homestead, Kauai. David Kapihe, Forest Banger for Tantalus, Oahu. E. H. Hippie, Forest Banger for Palolo, Manoa, and Nuuanu, Oahu. John Pililaau, Forest Banger for Waianae, Oahu. Kaina D. Lovell, Forest Banger for Kauai. Francis B. Dodge, Forest Banger for Hawaii. James Lindsay, Forest Banger for Maui. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. Edward M. Ehrhorn, Superintendent of Entomology and Chief Plant In- spector. D. B. Kuhns, Assistant Plant Inspector. David T. Fullaway, Field Entomologist. Miss Agnes Buchanan, Laboratory Assistant. Bro. M. Newell, Fruit and Plant Inspector, Hilo, Hawaii. Will J. Cooper, Fruit and Plant Inspector, Kahului, Maui. E. E. Madden, Geo. B. Leavitt, G. C. Munro, Honorary Plant Inspector at MahuJcona, Hawaii Eleele, Kauai. Manele, Lanai. DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. Victor A. Norgaard, Superintendent of Animal Industry and Territorial Veterinarian. L. N. Case, Assistant Territorial Veterinarian. Joseph Richard, Livestock Inspector. H. B. Elliot, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for East Hawaii. A. R. Rowat, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for West Hawaii. J. C. Fitzgerald, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Maui. A. R. Glaisyer, Deputy Territorial Veterinarian for Kauai. CLERICAL STAFF. Miss M. T. Kelly, Cleric and Stenographer. Miss Florence A. White, Librarian and Stenographer. Daniel Logan, Editor of the Forester.