*^;I;V.;:; \'::’.-";;r;.:!--:i?vv:;;V SOgl&g? •rrc l2r. i-*, rt v Always open this Binder by turning back the covers in the manner illustrated and with the bottom one resting on desk or table, gently lever open the spring back with the top board. A manilla insert is provided into which all loose papers should be placed to facilitate insertion into the spring back. The Binder must not be opened by pulling the covers apart. When re-ordering, please quote No. 3 PERRY & CO. BIRMINGHAM ■ J s-\ * I \ t'-, t ABERRATIONAL AND' ' SUB SPECIFIC- FORMS OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA A. L. GOODSGN & D, K, READ. 3 FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Volume 12 i 1 I J . Geometridae Part 3 fit Aberrational Forms Geometridae Vol. 3» Index to Species. abietaria Schiff. see ribeata Clerck. 239 abruptaria Thunb. H. 256 advenaria Hbn. C. 233 aescularia Schiff. A. 244 alternaria Hbn. s. 236 apiciaria Schiff. see repandaria Hufn. 231 atomaria Linn. S. 274 aurantiaria Hbn. E. 246 belgiaria Hbn. see fagaria Thunb. 279 betularia Linn. 3. 255 bistortata Goeze. E. 266 biundularia Esp. see crepuscularia Hbn. 265 brunnearia de Vill. S . 276 brunneata Thunb. I. 239 carbonaria Clerck. I. 241 chlorosata Scop. L. 278 cinctaria Schiff. C. 257 clathrata Linn. c. 242 consonaria Hbn. c. 267 consortaria Fabr. see punctinalis Scop. 264 coracina Esp. p. 272 crepuscularia Dup. see bistortata Goeze. 266 crepuscularia Hbn. E. 265 dealbata Linn. see lineata Scop. 277 defoliaria Clerck. -0 £j. 248 ericetaria de Vill. see brunnearia de Vill. 276 extersaria Hbn. E. 268 fagaria Thunb. D. 279 fulvaria de Vill. see brunneata Thunb . 239 gemmaria Brahm. O - - - - see rhomboidaria Schiff. gilvaria Fabr. A. 258 281 hippocastanaria Hbn. P. 273 hirtaria Clerck. L. 253 hispidaria Schiff. A. 250 jubata Thunb. C. 261 lapponaria Dup. P. 251 leucophaearia Schiff. E. 245 lichenaria Hufn. C. 262 limbaria Fabr. I. 240 lineata Scop. s . 277 liturata Clerck. s. 237 luridata 3kh. see extersaria Hbn. 268 luteolata Linn. 0. 230 macularia Linn. P. 234 marginaria Fabr. E. 247 myrtillata Thunb. G. 271 notata Linn. S. 235 obscuraria Hbn. see obscurata Schiff. 270 obscurata Schiff. G. 270 ochrearia Rossi . A. 280 parallellaria Schiff. see vespertaria Fabr. 232 pedaria Fabr. P. 249 petraria Hbn. see chlorosata Scop. .27 278 pilosaria Schiff. see pedaria Fabr. 249 piniaria Linn. 3. 275 plumaria Schiff. see brunnearia de Vill. 276 pro gemmaria Hbn. see marginaria Fabr. 247 prunaria Linn. A . 228 punctinalis Scop. 3 264 punctularia Hbn. see punctulata Schiff. 269 punctulata Schiff. A. 269 repandaria Hufn. E. 231 repandata Linn. C. 260 rhomboidaria Schiff. C. 258 ribeata Clerck. c. 259 roboraria Schiff. B. 263 rupicapraria Schiff. T. 243 sambucaria Linn. 0. 229 strataria Hufn. 3. 254 strigillaria Hbn. P. 282 vespertaria Fabr. E. 232 wauaria Linn. I. 238 zonaria Schiff. N. 252 ■icon. 22 S. xngerona Duponshel nr unaria L, aberrational forms etc. fhe type form is in the male , orango , coar sely mar Ice 1 with sma.ll fuscous strigulao, in the female pale .yellowish ,with more minute stigul&e or dots. ab. aurea illiams. Proc. S.Lond.Ent.d Wat. Hist. 3oc. (1946- 47) p. 128 1. 14 f .7 1947 , Female form in which the wings ara of a deep oohroous , almost golden colour. ab. striolata KLemensiewicz. % raw. Korn. Fizyogr. Krakow 47 P. 119 19 If. = pi uriguttata Williams. Proa. S.Lond.& N.H. Son. {.1946-47 )p* 125 1947 • The fuscous striae are very numerous and are broadened, also lengthened and confluent, except, usually, in a small area at the apex of the forewings. In the male jj more heavily marked than in the female. ab. nigrilineata Cockayne. Snt.Hec.64 p.24I 1952. On the forewing there is a black streak in the sell running from the discoidal cell towards the base. ab. f us capieata Williams. Proc. 3. Lond.Snt.l W. H. 3oc. ( J946-47 )p. 124 pi. 12 f.4 1947. As in the type form but on the outer margin of the forewing is a fuscous blotch not extending to the apex, 2-3 mm. in width at its widest, nearest the costa, and extending to vein 3. Female with the fuscous blotch smaller. ab. spangbergi Lanra. Ent. Tidskr. 6 n.95 1885* = unieoloraria- Hormuzaki. Ent. TTachr. 20 p.p6 1894. = sub alw inaria Lambillion. Rev. Mens. Ent. So®. 12 n.98 1912. = unieolor liatsumura. Jo urn. Coll, Agric. ITokka.ido Im>. Univ. Ip ,Tjo 1924-25. Unicolorous without fuscous irroration or strigulation. Unicoloraria and unicolor have a few indistinct gray flecks but it is hardly necessary to separate them. ab.nigrolimba.ta Joannis. Bull. Soc. Ent. dr. 1908 p.45. . On both wings a narrow dark border, at it widest at the apex, and narrower in the female than in the male. ab. gr is eo guttata illiams. Pr go.- S. Lond. Ent. & IT. II. 3oo. ( 1046-4/ )w. I?I ml. 12 f.p 194^ Zings with pale freckling, similar in tint to the bands of aureocincta Ob. ab. diluta 'illiams. Pro®. S. Lond. Ent. & 4. H. Soc. (1946-47) p. 126 pi. 12 f.7 1947. Parts of the wing are of a bone colour, as though bleached. ab.feminaocoloris Valle. Not ul, Ent. 10 >. 40 I93C. Males in which the ground colour is yellow instead of the normal oranga,being almost exactly the colour of the female. ab. ©orylaria Thunberg. Dissert. Ent. I p.4 I78I. The basal and distal area3 of the wings brownish, the median area remaining ©range in the male and yellow in the female, not quit. reaching the inner margin on the forewing and much less developed on the hindwing. ab. pickett aria. Prout. Ent. Rac. 15 p, 149 I°03» -Basal area, dark, as in corylaria,but - the costa at the base is narrowly of the tyoical ground colour ; the central area is of" the typical ground colour except at the extrem inner margin which is very narrowly fuscous; marginal area consisting of a narrow fuscous band, pyramidal., its base at the inner margin, its ax ex, ill- defined, just above nervuro 6, this band followed by a narrow area of typical ground colour. Hindwings distinguished from oorylaria by having a blotch of ground colour 1 at the ac- ex. t -t Goom, 228 continued „ ' .2. pr unaria L. continue. 1925. ab, inf uscata. ITatsumura. Journ. ColI.„Agrie. Hokkaido 3m vUniv.15 .176 PI, 10 f,i:\ The figure is very poor but the form would seam to bo identical with piekett ,ria. . "itfusca Williams. Proo. 3.Lomd.Hnt. % IV. H. So®. 1946-47 ©.130 pi. 12 f»8 I \ q. Like corylaria as regards the forewings but the hindwings arc uniformly fuscous with th : exception of light seales, sometimes only pereep tibia with a lens and usually in the cell. The for@wing3 aro sometimes also very dark. ab. smartaria /illiams. Proo. S.Lond.Bnt-> Nat. H. 3oa. 1946-7 p. 135 1. 13 f.6 - J 1947 as in eoiylaria out witn the central band ox ground colour reduced , v> articular! r ^w.j .,JU± isauuda particular!/ towards the inner mar gin, where it may bo completely or almost absent as far as the lower edge of the cell. The apical blotch is soma tamos absent. Hindwings with pt for a few scattered scales as in the orange marking’s reduced, or absent ex© . ab.nostf us-ea. Female similar. illiams applies the name to all dark forms o:.’ corylaria pattern in which the central band of ground colour on the forewino-s. is reduced. ab, biraacularia illiams. Pro®. S. Lond. 3nt. & IT. II. Sbc.1946-7 p, 135 wl.I-if.IO 1947. ialo witn for©wing3 ussous except tor ah orange apical mark, a small orange spot at the distal end of the cell and a few orange stria© on the eosta. Hindwings fuscous with the exception of scattered orange scales- in the cell. ab.douglasaria /illiams. Proc. 3. Lond. Snt . & M.II. So©. I946~7 p. 135 wl.I4 f.8 1947, Halo with the wings wholly fuscous with the exception of a very small spot of orange immediately beyond the cell of the forewings. Anical blotch absent. A few scattered dots or striae of orange on costa of for owing. ab. extrema /illiams. Proc. 8. Lond. Tint. & N.K. So©. 1946-7 p. 134 pi. 14 f.6 1947. tale, wholly fuscous with the. exception of an orange apical mark and trac es ox orange striae on th© ©oata of the forewings and at the dital end of the cell of both fore and hindwings. ab.wenzeli Sehawerda.. 3.0st.Hnt.Ver.7 p. 19 T922. (fig.Varh.25.-b.Ges. ion. 1922-23. ) maio, wholly xusaous except for an orange-yellow ~>ateh on the costa of the forewin and another in the disc ox the hindwings , a slight trace of orange on the inner margin of forewings. Tills is an example of one of the darkest forms of corylaria, a male but with the ~ n _ _ _ _ rz r> -\ ground colour of a fomals icrylaria aro reolaeed by ab.ochr carta =3ohawerda .Verb. dool. -hot. Ges.V/ion. 7 1- 72 p. (91) 1922. Hal© in which the normal orange red bands of the ab. corylaria ai ochre colour. Tho name applies to male corylaria in which the bands are of female coloration and corresponds to ab. f aminaasoloria of the typical form. ab. select aria Rebel. Verb, z@ol.-bot. Gos. /ien.bi p. (I56)fig. 1914. Very similar to tho preceding. For awing with large brown basal area extending to the dark central lunule, rounded °wt .r . oiao , x ollowcd by a pur ochre— yellow central band becoming narrower towards the inner margin where there is a very narrow o ©hr e-y allow line runninr towards the base but not reaching it. The outer marginal area smoky br©wn,wii@ly extended, with an ©®hr®-y®ll©w apical spot. Hindwing o«Hra-y®U®^ lunule and a very wide smoky-brown marginal band, some dark sroeeklino* in tho b*sal area. .-illiams in Pro®. />. Lond. 1946- / p. 133 ©ays that this is altogether distinct from ©ehreata on account of the pale parts being being almost intermediate between the normal male and female colours, -more ochre or golden-yellow. ab.fuscaria Prout. Ent.Pec. 15 ?. 150 1903. = franckaria Lambillion. Rcv.Men3.Hnt. Nam. 12 p. 98 1912. boo next wage 5 0 Goom. 228 continued. r . 3® or unaria L continual, ab.fua ©aria Brout. Ent.Foc. 1 3 p. 130 1903* = franckaria Larabillion. Rav. Mens. Soc.Ent. Nam. 12 p.9® 1912. = base brooki Kujau. Int. Bnt. :,2~J p. 80 fig. 1933® The dark shade which prevails in ab.corvlaria is here spread ovor the /hoi the wings , -or oducing an unieolorous inf us® at ©d aberration. o of ab. luteosordida Horhammer. Int. Bat. :„2'j p.293 1933* Ground colour of the wings uniform yellow-brown but at the base of the forewing against the inner margin is a pale area of sprinkled normal ground colour running into it. In the same way a narrow zone on the inner margin of the hind wings. Apex and light marginal lino become paler, without sprinkling and somewhat lighter yellow, particularly in the f Growing, costa whitish yellow, finely sprinkle’ indicated narrowly throughout. The ray-like normal colouring at the base is coranletoly distinct from that of ©orylaria. where this part is uniformly darkened Furthermore,, in ©orylaria the fringes are chequered but in this form the fringes aro without a -trace of chequering and are uniformly dark brownish-gr 07, darker than the wing. In the author's opinion a case of complete confluence of the striae Bn a transverse mannar.lt shows a certain resemblance to ab. hasebroeki but Is not melanotic, hasebroeki has not the normal colouring at the base of the wing as is soon in this form. ab. oonstiroataria Fuchs. Jahrb. Nassau Ver.Natttr.52 p. 145 1899* Ground colour white, not orange-yellow. AL1 wings densely sprinkled with brown, but whilst the springing in ab. ©orylaria becomes solid, forming a broad basal and marginal band, the sprinkling in this form is rather uniformly spread out ovor the entire surface and only forms a narrow band at the margin of the forewings. ab.pallidaria Brout. Ent.Rec.I5 p. 149 1903® Freckling absent a3 in ab. soangberga,but the portions of the wings which arc infuscated in ab. ©orylaria have only a shadow of the darkening, a nondescript grey shade in the male, a golden brown tinge in the female* ab. aureocineta Oborthur. Lap. Comp. 6 p.274 pi. 155 f. 1498 1912. Brout makes this form a synonym of his. pallid aria but the description of the latter does not fit aureocineta. The bands are darker in this form, more than a "tinge" of golden brown, being deep golden brown. The freckling is absent as in spangbergi, the pattern as in ©orylaria, the infusca' -ed parts of a deeo golden brown. ab.nallsscons illiams. Pros. S.Lond.Ent.&r N. H. 5oc.I94o~7 p.132 1947* Th© parts infuscated in ©orylaria are of a sale yellowish-grey, the remainder is a very wale yellow. ab. juneta Williams. Broc. 3. Lond.Bnt.dr N.H.S0©. 1946-7 p.I29 pi. 13 f.4 I947. A form of ©orylaria in which the central band of orange ground colour of the forewings is very much widened and at the costa is confluent with the orange apical patch which is usually present except in the darkest forms of ©orylaria. ab. purpurascens Lomoke. Tijdachr. kit. 94 p.306 1931. The dark ©orylaria colour is of a purplish-brown tint. ab. p ostmar ginata Lsrnpke. Tijd3@hr.Ent.94 p*30p 1931. Forewings normal ©orylaria typo, on th© hindwings the dark brown is only present in th© shape of a narrow marginal band, the remainder being of th© typical pale ground colour. ab. minor Kiefer. Ent.l.36 p.l6 1942. Tiiis would appear to bo a rase, and not appicable to dwarf specimens occurring in Britain. Ourapteryx Leash sambu«aria L. aberrational forms etc. ab. olivacoa Stand fuse. Handb.Palaarlcb.3ohm.I896 p. 143 pi* 6 f. 10. The wings with strong olivaceous suffusion, larrow yellow band s r . contiguous to the usual lines. ab. dsstrigata Lsrapke. Tijdsehr. But. 94 p.283 1991* Tho lino in th® sell of the fo rawing* fails. ab. delineata L@mp.ke. Ti.jdschr.Snt.94 p.283 199 1* Tli© transverse lilies on the wings fail. ab. pallida Lompko. Tijdsehr. nit. 94 p.283 1991* The ground colour whitish. ab. ausnidaria Bird. Ent.Sea.2I p.23p 1909. The distal margin of the forewing prominently toothed, or elbowed, at the third radial. ab.peterfii Dioszeghy. Verb. Siebenburg Ver. Mat. 83-84 n. 131 1935. Th® tail of the hindwings hardly I ran. long. ah. def lexaria Schultz. 00c.Ent.25 p.84 I9II. The transverse lines on the forewings which aro normally almost parallel, are very near to each other uniting at the inner margin but considerably separated at the costa. ab, superba Chalmor 3-Hunt. But. Gaz. 19o4. Ip. p. i38.pl. 4. f . 2. Forewing olive- grey beyond the postmedial line, also before the antsmedial line, except oostal margin and inner marginal area. Hindwing olive grey beyond the transverse line. On both rings the deep yellow of the transverse linos is only present in the darkened areas, is wider than usual, more diffuse, and reaches l.pnm. in width in the postmedial area of the forewing, traces of this colour are also present along the veins. Quite distinct from other forms but nearest to olivacea Standi us s. *■ Opisthograptis Hbn. lutcolata L. aberrational forms ate Goom.^O. ab. albescens Cockerell. Entomologist 21 r. 112 IS 8c. =lactieolor Harrison. Ent.Heo.I7 P. 338 1905. - albicans Hebei. Barge' 3 3chm@tt. 1910 0.392. The ground colour pure whit®. ab. intermedia Harrison. Eat. Rea. 17 p.338 1905. Intermediate between the preceding albescens and the typical form. The wings a very* pale primrose colour. of ab. f lavissima KrifLikowskyi » Soc.Ent.23 p. 12 1908. = iramaculata Oborthur. Culot (Geom) p. ~/2 1919. Almost entirely yellow with only slight remnants of the usual costal markings. ab. delineata Lempko. Ti3dsehr.Ej1t.94 p.309 193 1. E\rery trace of the transverse lines fails, but the rest of the wing normal. ab. aroieolutea Cockayne. Entomologist 83 p.;)4 nl. I f. 7 IQpo Forewing :th® space between the costal mark at the end of sjic:. tn© apex is not filled in with rust colour to form the mark, but is yellow* other markings normal. the postraedian line usual triangular ab.ruficosta Lempke. Tijdsehr.Ent.94 p.310 I9pi. Tile costa of the forewings completely or almost completely, red-brown. ab. quad r il in® at a. Nordstrom. Svenska Fjarilar. 1941 --,.298. iae fore wings with lour transverse linos ,the hindwings with two. ab. impumtata Osthelder. Sehmett. Sudbayern 1931 p. 504. (Mitt. muneh.Ent. Ges. See.) Hindwings without a diseoidal swot. ab. omaeulata Graascr. Berl.Ent. Z. 37 p. 317 I892. The apical ^ triangular patch is completely absent. This includes the rust-coloured spot ( sometimes blackish) on the costa at the end of the postmedian line which 7--1 ab. apieolutoa Cockayne is still present. ab. tan-gens Lempke. Tijds@hr.Ent. 94 p.3I0 195 1. (deseript.vol.90 p.147) me two transverse lines of the for ©wings are joined together below the middle and then separate again. ab.poskini Derenne. Lamb. 28 p.57 1928. 7' ; S®rfel0agit'ad?'3aal tvr° thirds &f th@ forewings covered with Id ■■ i ~br© ia9 »^-pown waah ewer, about two thirds of tho forwings.tbo lP -r - It ln« 1 1 fchs terminal i»ordor,but leaving in the u " r nart of this 8?a®5 of 7? t7r,ioa^ yaUmr.Bj® diseoidal soot and triangular “‘,ot at the «?•* aoueai- wall marksd in thsir brownish red colour " ab.niko Christoph. Iris 6 p.95 1893. lno ^®s©ription is -mealing, Stand ingor says that both fuscous margined and tho basal part of the°forewing i wings arc broadl: orownish, Geom. 231 . Bpione Dup. repandaria Hufn. =apiciaria Schiff. aberrational forms etc. ab. aurantiaca Hebei. Verb. zool.-bot. Ges. Tien 73 p. (3) 1924. The ground colour of both wings unicolorous orange-red instead of gold-yellow. The margins are of a much darker blue-grey. ab. demarginata Hellweger. Gross s-chaa. fordtirols 1914 p.267. The blue-grey tint of the margins of both wings is completely absent. ab, glabra Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 o. pH 1931. The thin dark striae on the wings fail. ab. crass elineata L smoke. Tijdschr. Bnt. 94 o.^II 193 1» The postmedian line on the forewings is thick and black, narrowly bordered with grey. ab. linesjrecedens Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 p.311 I931» The postmedian line on both wings does not run to the apex, but reaches the costa at some distance from it, so that the form resembles the male of E. par all el aria, the line however runs much straighter. ab. lateritia Hudolph. Wotul.Ent. 6 p. 77 1 9^6. Upper side shiny roof-tile red with normal markings. Underside with more dense red- -dish scaling and light veins. Geom.232„ Boione. Dun. vespertaria Fabr. = parallelaria Sohiff. aberrational forms etc. ab. reticulata Lempke. Tijdschr. But. 94 p. 3 12 1931. Female form with the dark striae of the male. ab.fulva Cockayne. Bnt.Fec.46 n, 1 18 1934. ihe ground colour of both wings is tawny and without strigulations on either sur.L ace. -i-0.e anb@meo.ian line and the border d.istal to the nostmedian line is deep quaker drab ( Ridgway ), much more leaden in hue than in typical specimens, tale. ab. alba Cockayne. Ent.Rec.54 n. lip 1942. Female. Phe straw colour of the wings, head, thorax, abdomen and legs is r enlaced oy niite. Fne absence 01 straw coloured scales gives the border a redder tint than usual. ab.deretieularia Rudolph. Tfetul.Ent.l6 p.26 f ig. 1936. Male. On the upper ana underside of both wings the numerou.3 little black striae are aosen ,on she upperside also the oellular points. On the underside the veins for the greater part are brown-yellow, not red-brown as usual. Geom.233. Cepphis Hbn. -advenaria Hbn. aberrational forms etc. ab.fulva Gillmer. Ent. 2. 17 p. 80 1904. ings dark yellow-brown, unmarked except for the discal dots. ab. lilac ina Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent.94 p. 313 1931. Ground colour pale lilac, with normal brownish markings. ab. reducta L.enrpke. Tijdschr.Ent.94 p.313 1931. xlie i.inex transverse line on the forewings fails, for the rest normal. ab. f asciata Schwingenschuss. Verh. zoolrbot. Ges. Wien 68 p. (152) 1918. Ine inner and outer transverse stripes of the forewing are lacking, conse nuenfl v nie brown inner shading of the outer stripe is widened to a uniform band, 3 .. nun. in. ..idoiwnicn includes tne middle area, standing out well because the ground colour is whitish-yellow and the yellow-brown sprinkling in the outer area is reduced. ab. rectilinea Strand, arch. Tlaturg. Sp A 4 0.3 A 1919 The run of the outer transverse line of the forewings is very different in various specimens, sometimes straight, at other times the line is quite straight. forming a sharp angle. In this form ab. aurantia Chalmers -Hunt. Bntom. 1961. 94. p. 284. Ground colour of all wings suffused with golden-yellow, • *! O Gso in, 234 continued p. %■ mac ul aria L, continued. ab, quadrimaculata Hatchett, Trans, Ent, Soc, Loud, I p. 245 pl.7 -• 3 1812. The dark spots obsolete except the four on the costal margin of the fore zing. ab. nigrescens Leraplce. Tijdschr.3nt.94 p*3^& 1951. The black spots strongly enlarged and for the greater part coalescing. ab.fuscaria Staudinger. Cat. Ed. 2 p. 139 I87I. All wings completely fuscous. ab. albicans Oberthur. Tne ground colour whitish. Pseudopanther a Hbn, Geora. 234. 9, 1 I macularia L. aberrational forms etc. ab. transversaria Kxoulikcwsky. 3oc.Bnt.23 p. 12 1906. The spots of the forewings , more rarely those of the hindwings , are united into more or less complete bands. ab, como 1 eta Cockayne. Entomologist 83 p.54 pi. I f.20 19.50. Extremely like the preceding, if 'not the same. The antemedian and pOstmedian ro- -s of spots are united to form broad black-brown bands and the median forms a third band, which joins the potmedian half way across the wing; the subapical mark and the usual spot in the marginal area are present and there is another spot near ' the anal angle, Hindwing with the spots of the antemedian and postmedian rows are large and almost united to form bands; there is- a large subapical mark and numerous1 small dots towards 'the base and along the inner margin. ab. parvio unctar ia Cockayne. Entomologist 83 P.55 pi* I f.5 1958. All the usual markings are present but much reduced in size. ab. aonata Cockayne. Entomologist 83 p.54 pi. I f . 14 1950. Porewing with the spots of the ante and postmedian rows fused to form two complete black-brown band3; the median is represented by a costal mark; the subapical mark is present and somewhat elongated; a few other asymmetrical markings are present. Hindwing with a broad complete postmedian band; the antemedian is represented by a broad mark, a continuation of the band on the forewing, ending a short distance from the costa; the only other marks are a few insignificant speckles; fringes chequered. ab.radiata Loritz. Rev.Fr.Lep. il p. 133 1947. (pi* II f. I. ) The median area of upper and underside of the forewings is completely filled with black scales arranged in longitudinal blotches and stretching as broad rays / parallel to the veins. ab. radiata-interrupta Loritz. Rev.Pr.Lon.il p. I / pi. II f. «=r 47. Similar to the preceding radiata but the broad black band on the forewings is interrupted. ab. krombholzi Sternek. Int. Bnt. Z. 25 p. 37 fig, 193 1. Margins of both wings golden-brown as far as the postmedian row of spots and including them. Basal area of the same colour as far as the antemedian row of spots in the forewing but not present in the hindwing, there being only one well develop- -ed soot in the centre of the wing besides the broad brown margin. On the forewing the central costal spot is the only dark mark in the wide yellow transverse band which is left between the basal and marginal brown bands. ab. xantholeuca Bubacek. Verh.zool.-bot.Ges. Vien 74~75 p. (10) 1926. Forewings bone— yellow, only suffused with orange-yellow at the ba.se. Hindwings orange-yellow. Markings normal. ab. br unneat a Cockayne. Snt.Eec.58 p.95 pi. XI (2) f.2 1946. Ground colour of the wings brown instead of o range , mar kings normal. ab.eleg&ns Cockayne. Bnt.Sec.58 p.95 pi. II (2) f.I 1946. On the forewings the only markings are the basal line, the large discoidal spot, and a complete submarginal stripe; there are a few dark speckles on the costa and inner margin. On the hindwing the discoidal spot is present, and there is an almost complete submarginal dark stripe; there are a considerable number of spec Idea at the base, along the inner margin, and rather fewer along nervure I; elsewhere they are very sparse. The main feature of this aberration is the absence of most of the usual spots and the confluence of those remaining to form a striking submargin- -al band. Geom.235. Semiothisa notata L. aberrational forms etc. ab. luteolaria engstrom. Acta Soc. fauna et Flora Fenn 10 0.317 I8o9 The ground colour more yellow than in the type. ab. innotata Fuchs. Jahrb. Nassau Ver,54 p, 34 1901. •Tlie dark group of small spots, distal to" the nostiedian line absent. of the f o rewing, is ab. infuscaria Hebei. Serge’s Schmett. 1910 p 395 Forewings deep yellow-brown with blackish veins* and anterior margin stripes which reo.cn to the^ base. The outer spot is entirely filled with black and elongated asad along one upper middle vein. Hindwings deep smoke-grey, outwardly more yellow brown. Abdomen entirely black, with white margins to the segments. ab. dilute. Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p, 197 1932. All the markings present but very pale. ab. uniform at a Lempke, Tijdschr.Bnt. 95 p.197 1932. '°fS hindwings without the transverse lines. Ground colour plain yellowish- white,with snarply contrasting costal and discal spots of the forewing. ab, lunulacarens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 d. 198 1952. darkened^9 Part °f th9 incision on the outer margin of the forewings is not ab. f uscomar ginat a Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt.95 p. I98 1952. On both wings a broad dark marginal band' from the postdiscal line to the fringes s Geora. 236. Semiothisa :!bn. aJ. ternaria Hbn. aberrational forms etc. ab.demaculata Heinrich. Dtsch.Snt. 2. 1923 (Beiheft)p. 108 namacularia Dannehl. •Hasii'.Ent. 2.41 e.348 1927. ;Jn tlJe :,;oJ©wings the black-grey spot on the outer side of the middip of thp postm®dlfn band is absent, apart from faint traces. Also the t^o blac^-orev brownish. ri°r are absenb* Sround colour not whitish but more Ugh? inmacularia is so similar that -it can hardly be separated —The dark di-o-i points are absent or entirely suffused. “ aar"- a:LoC‘il ab. xuscomarginaria Dannehl. Snt. Z. 41 p.347 X927 ratir0l7ra£dlt-dt^kthBdt by 4 ?U3tin® of dark atoms in *»eb a way that it is middlhidt , th bro™ transverse band-.On the hindwing the base! .snri middle field show up strongly with their white dusting. ab. costanuda Lempke. Tijdschr.Tnt.93 p. 199 xco2 v/ith^the IZlnd 00 itrf ^ for^s are 30 pale that they no longer contrast ab. line at a Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 9b p. IQQ 19=52 Forewings with three sharply contrasting transverse lines. to. Lutes cens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p 199 TQb- around colour of the wing's with s di -’f-i vio-f j ^ 0 a dlstinct tinge ox yellow through the dark grey, ao.iusca Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 9b P..I99 X932 tto”o^2°Saok remilnviSbi::9"36 ^ ao. oallida Lempke. 'Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p 200 IQi2 Ground, colour ox *th,0 wi n q*.^ tv"H i 4* -i ofo +Vi^ ^ •? ^ „ o- -hloish.the dark markings therefore sharply oontrastin n j. limulaoarens Lempke. Tijdsohr.Bnt.95 -o.200 1952 fte lr“£e * th9 in°i3i0n »“ ** °«*» -wntf he fore, ings not darkened. Geom. 237- -j'emiothisa Ton. liturata Cl. aberrational forms etc, ab. pallida Kacicki .Polsk Pismo Snt.7 p. I87 1928 ? ab. albescens Kaucki. Polsk Pismo. Ent. '] p. IP 7 1928. Ground colour of the wings whitish, the markings normal. ab. debrunneata Osthelder. Schmett. Sudbayern p.307 1931* = unicolorata Richardson. Bnt.Rec.64 p. JO pi* IX f . Ip 1932® The light brown postdiscal band of both wings fails completely. Richardson rs unicolorata is described as having the orange markings completely absent, replaced by normal ground colour. ab.fuscata Foltin. Z. fien.Ent.Yer. 2 7 0.36 1942. The whole specimen is darkened with dark brown dust still present. Not. the same as the unicolor o us blac darker than the typical form. ing but the red-brown band vj krbrown ab. nigrofulvata but is ab.tr exleri Schawerda. Jahresber. /ien.Ent.Ver.24 p. 163 1913* Ground colour darkened, violet- grey. unmarked except for an ill-defined oostmedian band. rust— brown ab, nigrofulvata Collins. Bnt»Rec.I7 p. 43 1903* = nigra Rebel. Serge’s Schmett. 1910 p*395« zings black-brown, almost black, excepting the tawny postmedian band, ab. semivirgata Cockayne. Ent. Eec. S3 p.24I 1953* The median line of the forewing is displaced towards the base and fused on the costa with the antemedian line. ab. lineata Lernpke. Tijdschr.ZEnt.93 P*202 1933. Forewings with sharply contrasting transverse lines. ab. contrasta Lempke. Tijdschr, Snt.93 p.202 I932. Ground colour rather palejthe brown ba.nd on fore and hindwings bordered by G o dark lines and sharoly contrasting. Geom. 23? . I tamo To a. wauaria L. aberrational forms etc. ab. alba Prout. Seitz 4 p . 40 1 1915. The ground colour almost pure white. ab.reducta Lempke. Tijdschr. Bnt. 95 p.206 1952. The black V on the forewings is .redmced to a black line because the lower half fails. ab.V-remotum Schultz. Int.Bnt. 2.2j> p. I78 1931. (pi. I f. 13 I4p. 181) The costal spots moved towards the base so that the V mark is no longer connected with the costal margin. ab.v-solum Schultz, Int.Snt. 3.2p p. I78 pi. I f . 12 p. 18 1, 1931. The three costal spots of the forewing entirely absent, except for some very minute traces. ab. de alb aria Kolos sow. Bnt. (Tachr. 10 p, IyO 193 3. ' 'ings with strong white colouring. ab.gr isearia Heqvist. Snt.Tidskr.7i p. 41 1950. Wings with silky- gray ground colour and the dark costal spots red-yellow-brown. ab.fusca Lemoke. (nom. nov.pro fuse aria Thnbg. ) Ti.jdsc r. Bnt. 95 p.206 1952. = fuscaria Thunberg. (primary homonym) Diss. Ins, Suec. (4)0.58 1792. Ground colour of the wings dark greyish, markings variable. ab.v-nigr aria Haworth. (Hatchett) Lep. Brit. 1809 p.282. Hatchett in Trans. Bnt. Soc. I p.244 pi. fig. 3 1812. The figure shows the wings unicolorous sooty black, hind wings somewhat lighter than forewings, the v mark showing in a deeper black. ab.lineata Lempke. Tijdschr. Bnt. 95 P.207 1952. Forewings with three distinct transverse lines. ab. plana Lempke. Tijdschr. Bnt. 95 p.2Q7 1952. Forewings without any trace of transverse line or rows of spots. &b,f-signum Silbernagel. Acta Soc. Bnt. Boh. 40 p, ~J 1943* ab. unicolor Lucas. Enti.Ber. (Anist. ).1959*19*P*206. Tlie ground colour darkened, the faint suffusion with [ ?of?J darker scales almost invisible. ‘This must be close to ab.fusca Lempke. ab.marginata Lucas. Bnt.Ber. (Amst. ) • 1959* 19*P*206. Along the hind pouter] margin of both fore- and hindwings a broad dark shade 9 O' «■ o O. o $ 9 ' * * pi. I f • I2 1950. Ground colour white; all the normal markings are present, but are very pale buff instead of black. ab. lacticiliata Cockayne. Snt.Hec. 64 p.24I 1952. The fringes are the same colour as the ground colour of the wings; the usual chequering is absent. ab. lativirgata Cockayne. Ent. Eec. 64 p.242 pi. 10 f.7 I952. There is a broad blackish-brown band across the forewing, which includes the first, second and third lines; the subterminal line is very much broader than usual. Hindwings with very broad transverse band and a broad subterrainal line like that of the forewing. ab.aurata Turati. Wat. Sic. 18 p. 4p pi. 9 figs. 5, 8,9 & 12 1905. The main feature in the long description is the golden yellow ground colour with a total absence of white throughout, even the fringes being yellow } with the usual black snots. ab. cancellaria Hubner. Eur. Schmett. Geom. pi. 62 f .322 1800- 1809. The figure shows the ground colour white but the basal half of the forewing and most of the hindwing is golden,or yellowish-orange. The transverse lines are all present but considerably narrowed. ab.radiata Haworth. Lon. Brit. 1809 P.348. All wings white with veins and median common waves, not fusing. striae 3, Three distinct equally distibuted ab.retata Haworth. Lep. Brit, 1009 o. 348. Very similar to radiata,the preceding, ings whits w narrow bands, the first before the middle, the second beyond the middle but more towards the -outer margin ab.ornata.ria Krulikovsky. Rev.Husse Ent. 7 P. 32 1907 Outer margin of the wings broadly fuscous , the white or completely absent. ith three very prominent in the middle, the third antemarginal spots almost Geom.242 continued. clathrata L. continued. ab. albo guttata Fettig. Dobiasch Almanach 1889 p. 43, - nigricans^ Oberthur. Etudes d ’Ent 20 pi. 6 f. 98. 1 896. = nocturnata/vJ&rb. Nassau Ver, Hat. pi p#207 1898. = aethiopissa Moves. Ent. Tidskr. 33 P* 128 1914. Wings sooty black-brown with varying traces of the subterminal whitish snots and with chequered fringes. ab. chretieni Thierry-Mieg. Le Nat. 32 p.34 19 18, The ground colour is pure white including the chequered fringes, the markings black and normal. Underside pure white but with very slight traces of yellowish on the outer borders. ab.aequifascia.ta Jacqueraen. Lamb. 3 1 P* 22 193 1. The basal transverse line of the forewing is absent giving an equal number of transverse lines on all four wings. The lines are more dense or puffy than usual. ab. f laveola Stauder. Int.Snt.Z. 14 p.38 1920. Very small, less than half normal size with somewhat more delicate lattice¬ marking and honey-yellow ground colour. Possibly not an aberration but local race. ab.wehrlii Stauder. Int.Bnt. Z.I4 p.38 1920. Ground colour deeper than flaveola,the preceding,but not reaching* the colour of the golden-yellow aurata Trti. The latticing is massive, the outer areas of both wings being almost unicolorous black, all the black markings are much more intense than usual. ;c*a .. Ent, Tib. . , The figure shows the subterminal line of mark left in the centre, where the normal median. pi. I f.5 1930. both wings absent except for a small subterminal often unites with the po st¬ ab. d eel athrata -DaM. . Ent.Tidskr.pl p. 282 pi. I f.6 1930. The median line of fore-wings is completely absent and the corresponding line, the basal, on the hindwings, is also absent. ab. germanae Le Cerf. Bull. Ass. Nat. Vail ee du Loing Vo ret. 7 p.47 fig, All the transverse lines absent. This is Wehrli’s description in Seitz, I have not seen the original. 1924. ab, deraar gin&ta Lempke. Ti.jdschr, Ent. 95 p.204 I952, ‘Hie dark,pale spotted, band along the extreme margin of both wings fails ly ,or is very feeble. comolete- ab, reducta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p.204 1932. All the transverse lines, except the outermost, fail, forewings and the third on the hindwings. These are the fourth on the ab. crass esignata Lemoke, 'Tijdschr. lit. p.203 1932. .11 the transverse lines strikingly thickened, for the rest normal. subsp. hugginsi Baynes. Entomologist o. 20 1939* ‘The subspecies from Ireland, single-brooded, the English race being double-broo Led. Ground colour white, the markings blackish-brown. ‘The general appearance is that of a black and white insect. Geom.242 continued. clathrata L. continued. ab. antalfyi Bess ilia. Folia Lnt. Hung. 8 p. 68 1943. \ V Georj. 243. Theria Tbn, . rupicapraria Jchiff. aberrational forms etc. f 1 C"** me iigure shows the hindwimss arev-iqh w-i+v, q do not seem to attach any importance’ to ''this. POatmednan oand but authors ab, illataria Fuchs. Jafarb. 'Jassau Ver.Nat 53 p 12 TQoo — - — Geom. 244-. alsophila Hhbn. aescul&ria Schiff. aberrational forms, etc. Vi ab. fascia ta Lempke. Tijdschr.Skit. I949.90.P.I47. (figM.vol. 110.pl. ll.f. 6. not type. Forcings with the central band darker and contrasting. ab. tangens Lempke. Ti.jdschr. Ent. 1949. 90. p. 149. (descript. p. 147. ) The two transverse lines which border the central area of the forewings . touch each other below the middle and then separate again. ab. latefasciata Lempke. Tijdschr.Knt. 1967. 110. p.226. Forewings with the central area strikingly enlarged (broadened). ab.astrigaria Hebei. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.Wien. 1913. 63. p. (53). The transverse lines of the forewings are completely absent. ab. impuncta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1967* 110. p. 22b. The central dot on the upperside of the forewings is absent, only a small line on the transverse nervure remains. ab.diluta Lempke. fijdschr.lnt.i967. HO. p.226. Forewings light grey, markings weak. This is the translation of Lempke* s Dutch description; his English translation, following the Dutch, says; .markings obsolete. '• This would appear to be an error in translation, but the original Dutch description must be accepted. ab.albina Lucas. Gat. Lep. Ques t. France. 1912. p. 191. The ground colour whitish. The dark dusting is almost completely absent, the transverse lines clearly visible. ab. brunnea Hannemann. Int.Snt. Z. 1917. 11. p. 58. (fig’d. Suppl.Snt. 6, colour pi. 5. 21. ) The wings darkened, blackish-brown. The figure shows the transverse lines of normal colour on a dark brown ground. ab. nigrescens Lempke. fijdschr.Snt. 1967. 110. p. 226, pi. 11, f . 4. Forewings black- grey to blackish, the markings normal. A modern dark form, but already widely distributed in Holland. The black and white figure shows the forewings dark, the transverse lines slightly darker, but still more or less retaining their light edging, and the hindwings normal. Ct Erannis fibn, Geora. 245. leucophaearia Schiff. aberrational forms etc. 4 ab. nigrioaria Hubner. Bur. Schmett. Gsora.pl. 35 f . 181 1796-99* The figure shows the basal and wide margin of the f or swings blackish, almost black, leaving the median area between the two transverse lines whitish, dusted with dark scales; a wale subterminal chain of spots is present before the margin. ab, marmor inaria Esoer. Schmett. in Abb. 5 p.205 pl*37 I 1802. Base of forewings reddish-fuscous bordered by a black line, from this to beyond middle of wing is a broad yellow band also bordered with black and which towards the margin is bulging and angulated. This yellow band has in the middle of the costal margin a blackish spot which is drawn out into a fine line which divides the band. From the outer border of the band to the margin the colour is dull violet-brown mixed with dark yellowish snots; towards the outer margin is a black- edged yellow line, the extreme margins being however dull violet-brown, the yellow band is interrupted by blackish. This form is not so black and white as the preceding nigricaria and the middle shadow is very definite in the figure so the two forms are kept seoarate. ab. brunneomarmorata Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt.95 p.2E 1952. The basal and outer areas of the forewings pale brown to brown, the transverse lines darker9the central area pale. ab.fuscomarmorata Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 95 P.2I2 1952. The basal and outer areas of the forewings dark brown to black-brown, the central area nale. ab. ruf omarmorata Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 95 p.212 1952. The basal and outer areas red-brown, the central area pale. ab. intermedia Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 95 p.212 1952. The basal and outer areas of the forewings dark-grey to dark brown-grey, the cent¬ ral area pale. ab. effusa Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 95 p.2I2 1952. The pale central area of the forewings is not sharply separated from the two dark neighbouring areas,the two transverse lines evidently fail. ab. desoarsata Ileydemann. Ent. 2*5- P.394 1938. (fig.vol.52 pi. I f. 10. ) All wings ivory white without brownish-grey sprinkling, the transverse lines blackish and sharply marked. ab. destrigaria Ileydemann. Ent. 3.51 p. 394 1938. (fig.vol.52 pi. I f . - The transverse lines of the median area of the forewing are completely lost in a strong sprinkling of dark scales which cover the whole wing. The figure shows two specimens with the normal pattern almost completely lost by this covering, though the ground colour remains whitish. ab. conf usaria Preissecker. Verh.300l.-b0t.Ges. ien 72 o. (94) 1923. The two transverse lines of the forewing flow together. and towards the inner margin seoarate again. ab. trilinearia Sibille. Bev.Mens. Soc.Ent. Bara. 5 p. 19 1905* Between the two transverse lines of the fo rowings a distinct middle shadow as : prominent as the lines themselves. 3 «>•*. y /nrA' w-e7f r A usva-1 ab.medioobscuraria Uffeln. Ent. B. 19 p. 13 1925. The basal field not darkened, outer marginal area only to undulate line; middle field however is blackish, especially between middle shadow ahd 2nd. transverse line ' *> , * leucophaearia Jchiff. Ge ora* 2 45 c o nt inu ed . p.2. ( Sep. ) 1922-24 ab, seminigraria Uffeln. Jahresber.Westfal.Erov.-ver.f. '•■/iss.u.Kunst jI-52 -0,172 Basal ^ field ^ darkened to about the middle of forewing, outer marginal half normal, rlindwings with a share dark band which borders the basal field. ab.merularia /eymer. J ahr e s b er . Faturw. V er . Sib erf eld 7 0.94 I878. For swings unicolorous crown-black , usually with only traces of the transverse lines. ab. f unebraria Thierry-Miegv Le Hat. 6 p.437 1884. Forewings entirely black with the transverse lines little distinguished. ab.fuscata Haverkampf. -Ann.3bc.Ent.Belg.30 ;o. Ip 8 1906. Similar to merularia '/eyra. but brown instead of black. ab. subruf aria Uffeln. Jahresber. :estfal Frov.Ver.f. :.;iss. u.Kunst. 42 p. 73 1914. Forewings unicolorous reddish-brown. ab.ebenica Delahaye. 3ull. Sbc. 8nt.Fr. 18 96 p. Ip 6. Forewings with black band along the costa widening into an oval and some longitudinal reddish marks. Tni& description is .iron Prout in Eeitz , X have not seen the original, ab. grisescens Lempke. Tijdschr.E11t.95 p.2I3 1952. r-o-i e wings unicolorous ly dark grey to black-grey, as a rule with distinct transverss lines. ab. brunnescens Lempke, Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p.213 1952. -brewings unicolorously brown-grey to pale brown with distinct transverse lines, ab, pallidalinea Lemoke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 n.2I2 1952. Ground colour of. the forewings dark (blackish in the type), the basal area border- ad by a narrow pale band, in the outer area a complete -pale submarginal line. ab. flavescens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p. 2 II 1952. Ground colour oi: the wings yellowish,for the rest belonging to the typical not darkened group. ab. uniformata Lemoke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 n.2H 1952. Ground colour of the forewings uniform pale grey with only the sharoly contrasting Dlacic transverse lines so similar to desparsata Heyd. but grey instead of white. ab. uniformata-obsoleta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p. 2 II. 1952, As the preceding uniformata but with the transverse lines obsolete. ab. brunneo-albata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p. 211 1952. j10 Er°und colour white as in desparsata Heyd. and very similar except that the transverse lines are brown instead of black, there are no cloudy markings or dark specks. 0 ab. obsoleta Lemoke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 -O.2I0 1952. ilie transverse lines very feeble or even completely absent with normal pale ground colour, the other brown markings also much paler. ab. brunneostrigata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 P.2I0 1952. Forewmgs with brown instead of black transverse lines, the cloudy markings also ox ten a little browner. 0 leucophaearia Schiff, Ge ora. 245. continued. p.3« ab. crass estrigata Lempke. Tijdscbr. Fnt. 95 ‘O.2I0 1952. Forewings with strikingly thick black transverse lines « Geom.24o. Erannis 'Ton, aurantiaria Hbn. aberrational forms etc. ab. fumipennaria Hellweger. Ent. Z.20 p.210 1906. - fuse a B&rritt. Ent. Mon, Mag. 48 p. 90 1912. Ground colour uniform smoke-brown or dirty violet-brown, the cilia and a small spot at the base of the forewings yellow. Hindwings dark dusted, the markings visible. ab.obscura Burmann. Z.Wien Ent. Ges.29 0.36 1944, all wings above and below, silky gleaming blackish-brown, without any admixture of yellow. The base of the forewing is dark, not yellow as in the ore ceding form. Thorax, body and legs uniformly blackish-brown or chequered rather dark. Hindwings slightly paler. Only the fringes remain yello and contrast wonderfully. ab. brunnea Burmann. 3. 7ien Ent. Ges.29 p.3& 1944. Uniform reddish-brown on all wings above and ‘ below, without any yellow sealing at all, but all the normal markings still visible. Fringes, body, thorax and legs all uniform reddish-brown. ab.mannoraria Scholz. Z.Wien Ent. Ges.31 p.II9 FI. II f. 17 1947- All wings equally sprinkled with yellow and violet-brown scales, thus the strong- dusting becomes 30 prominent that the markings are no longer visible. ab.polli Scholz. Z. Vien Ent. Ges.31 p.II9 pi. II f. 14-13 I947. Forewing dusted with violet or dark brown as in fumipennaria Hellw. ,but cither in the middle area, or the marginal area., or both, spaces which are still light remain. ab.weileri Scholz. Z. 7ien Ent. Ges.31 p. 119 pi. II f. l6 1947. Forewing as in fumipennaria Hellw. , completely darkened, but the hindwing normal yellow with dark markings. ab. bellaria Scholz. Z.Wien Ent. Ges.3"I p. 119 pi. II f . II 1947. The middle transverse line of the forewing outwardly broadly darkened in a shadowy manner . Hindwing also with a broad dark band of similar breadth. Marginal and basal areas normal. ^*s - ^ ir ;: ' ab.fasciaria Linstow. Ent. Z.2'r -1. 102 1907. Between the outer (postmedian Vtransv era e line and the weakly indicated wavy line ( subterminal) there is a broad yellowish- grey band so that it is reminiscent of E.raarginaria. - ab. interlucens Kolar. 3. 'ien Ent. Ge-„2P -n. T68 194-3. = . oeniobntam Scholl. % -;ien Ent. Ges.31 p.„II8 .pi. XX f. 10 1947. The middle area in the darkened forewing stands out paler, the markings in the darker area still showing through. ab.venosaria Galvagni. Z.Wien Ent. Ges.32 n. 103 pi. I fig. 1943. Ground colour straw-yellow with dense fire-orange dusted veins on the forewings. The first transverse line is entirely suffused, the second and third outer lines violet-brown and well "developed, the latter continues on the hindwings. all the dark marginal spots absent and all marginal points, fringes yellow , hindwings with a distinct discoidal spot. ab. demacularia Scholz. Z.Wien Ent. Ges.3I p*II8 pl» II f. ~J The row of spots in the marginal. area of the forewings is completely absent but all transverse lines and discoidal soot are very prominent. ab.macul&ta Nordstrom. Svens ka F.jarilar 1941 , . (P A Geom. 246 continued. P.2. aurantiaria Iibn. continued ab.maaulata Nordstrom. Svenslca Fjarilar I94I p.303 pi. 42 f . 17B. - luxuriaria Scholz. 4. Wien Snt.Ges.3i p. 1 18 pi. II f.8 1947. In the marginal area of the forewing is a continuous row of large dark spots. ab. nigrof asciaria Scholz. Z.'7ien Ent.Ges.3i p. 118 pi. II f.9 1947. In the marginal area of the forewing is a row of spots fused into a broad dark band. ab. reductaria Scholz. Markings of both wings Z* Wien Ent.Ges.3i p.IIS pi. II f.6 1947. strongly reduced. Of the outer transverse line of the fore¬ wing only little disconnected pieces remain, the remaining transverse lines on bath wings completely absent. ab. ellipsaria Scholz. 3. ien Ent.Ges.3i n. 1X9 pi. II f.I2 1947. The outer transverse line of the forewing divides in its upper half and joins up again on the costa, forming an elinse and enclosing a little yellow oval. ab. conf luaria Scholz. 3. ien Ent.Ges.3I p.II9 pi. II f. 13 194-7. Both of the inner (basal) transverse lines of the forewings are so strongly approximated that they almost or quite touch. Both are displaced very near to the base. ab. tristrigaria Hein. Z.Ost.Bnt.Ver.b p.49 1921. The forewings have an extra basal transverse stripe making three instead of the usual two. Hindwings have a continuation of the basal stripe of the f or swing. ab.margineobscuraria Scholz. z. .V ien E11t.Ges.3i p.II9 pi. II f . 19 1947. The costa of the forewing darkened from the base to tile tin of the wing in a band 2-3 mm. in width, Porewing otherwise somewhat dusted, the markings normal. ab. grisearia Scholz. 3. ien Ent. Ges. 31 p. 119 pi* II f. 18 1947, .ELI wings uniform pale mouse-grey, strikingly thinly scaled and thus strongly translucent, ithout markings including the discoidal snot. ab. umbraria Scholz. 3. ion Ent. Ges. 31 p. 119 pi. II f.20 1947. All the mar kings, the three transverse lines on the forewings and the hindwings and the discoidal spots, paticularly strongly darkened and prominent in spite of the light dusting of the rest of the wings. two on ab. alvindata Bandermann. Soc.Ent.44 0.3 1929* 'The colour of H.luteolata,a beautiful yellowish-green, markings almost normal. ab. nigra Scholz, 3. /ien Ent. Ges. 31 p. 119 1947. Female form, completely blackened and thus markingless. ab. pallida Lempke. Hjdschr.Ent.95 n,2l4 1952. The ground colour pale yellow, marking's as a rule paler, more greyish. ab. unistrigaria Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 95 P. 2 Ip 1952. Only the postdiscal line on the forewings is present. _ ' ■J r 0 * o sj O t? Geom.246 continued. aurantiaria Hbn. p-3. continued. ab.marg'inemaculata Sohnaider. Pol ok. Pismo Ent. 19 p.2y) *\ Ge ora. 247. Brannis Hbn„ marginaria F. absrrationsj. forms etc. = progenmaria Hbn. ab. bicolor Lempke. Ti.jdsohr. iSnt.95 o.2lp 1952, The whole area between the postdiseal line anf the outer margin is brown, sharply contrasting with the pale basal area of the forewings. ab. signata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 9p 0.2 Ip 1 952. Forewings with strikingly thick central shade, the other transverse lines also sharp. ab. destrigaria Lempke. 7ijdschr.Bnt.95 p„2l6 1952. 411 the transverse lines fail. ab. unistrigaria Uffeln. Z. ’iss. Ins. Biol. 10 p. 72 1914. Of the three normal transverse strides of the forewing only the postdisoal re¬ mains. ab. quadristrigaria Lempke. Tujdschr.Bnt. 95 p.2Io 1952. Before the pale sub terminal line on the forewings-, a distinct dark fourth line appears similar to the other transverse lines. ab. diversaria F. Ent. Cyst, 3 (2)p. 157 1794. Uniform reddish-brown without transverse lines. ab.fuscata Harrison .Entomologist Tj p. Ill IS 84. The colour of the forewings is uniformly dark soot or smoke colour, the hindwino* a . oxiade lignoer , .no usual transverse lines and dots are altogether invisible wit^ the exception of the one across the hindwings. The body is black and so? differs from other dark forms. ab. ruf ipannaria Fuchs. Jahrb. Nassau Ver. Hat. p2 p. 146 1899. Forewings deep rust-red, finely dusted with blackish, with two or transverse lines, the inner often indistinct,the large discoidal wings is blurred through the dark dusting. three dark spot of the fore- See page 2 for this form. ab.infumata Fuchs. Jahrb. Nassau Ver. Nat 52 p. Ip 6 I899. The basal and middle areas of the forewing strongly darkened by brown-smoking, not unicolorous rust rod as in ruf ipenhar ia * the preceding. In the male the strength of the smoxines is unequal in individual specimens, in extreme cases it extends over the whole wing when it becomes ab. uniformata Fuchs the following form. 0 ab. uniformata. Fuchs. Jahrb. Nassau Ver. Nat. 52 0.157 18 99. The xore wangs uniformly smoked over the whole of their surface so that ‘the markings disappear and the wings become uniform blackish— brown ab. lesaunieri Mabille. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr„ 19 16 p. 141. Female. Completely blae rufous with black termi black. x with a lew scales of a deeper black. Underside slightly line quice close to the fringe. Body, legs and antennae ab^ourvilineata Cockayne. Ent.Heo. 64 p.242 pi. 10 f.6 1952. Forewings with basal line present but the antemediln absent; the nostmedian runs ^?Uel7 as far as nervure • 2 and then curves sliarnly outwards to' the inner margin. Hindwings with the transverse band unusually distinct. Hie alteratio on. direction ox the postmedian line alters the whole appearance of the insect - ■ * *» Geom.247 continued. p. 2. raarginaria F. continued. ab.pallidata Turati. Z, Y/iss. Ins, Biol. 7 p.2ll I9II. Wings pale whitish, similar in appearance to the figure in Milliere Icon. 2 pi. 74 fig. I which is an aberration of E. anker aria St gr . The figure shows the forewings pale yellowish, the median area almost white. ab. albescens Lempke. Tijdschr. Tint. 95 b.2l6 1952. Female. The ground colour of the wings whitish. There is no reason to suppose that this form is the female of the preceding. ab. inf umata Fuchs. Jahrb. Nassau V er. Nat. p2 p. I96 1899. = c? denigraria Uffeln. Ent. Z. 19 n. 18 I90P. = 9 denigraria Uffeln. Ent. Z. 19 p. 14 I905. = 9 contrasta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p.2l6 I952. The description of the male of denigraria Uffeln is so similar to the. ab. inf umata that it can be regarded as synonymous. Dark dusted in the whole basal area uo to the middle shade and in the marginal area almost to the outer margin, so densely that these portions of wing appear completely blackened. In some specimens the suace between the middle shade and the outer transverse stripe is also blackened. From this darkened area the median vein and the wavy subterminal line remain pale the latter in the form of a row of small oale separate spots. The female, which was the Type of denigraria, is therefore also the 9 of infumata, Tis female was desorbed as follows — Forewings from base to outer transverse line and hindwings to the transverse stripe, deep black, whilst the marginal area remain normal grey. Lempke renamed the female denigraria because he said there was no genetical proof that it belonged to the male denigraria, despite the fact that Uffeln bred the two sexes from the original type 9. In any case denigraria would still be the name for the 9 as it was described before the males were bred, Lempke ’s therefore becomes a synonym. name - * - Geora. 248. Erannis Hbn. defoliaria Glerck. aberrational forms etc ab. fuseosignata Hoinrich. Dt ,3 ch. Ent . 2 Jl9 16) p . 53 0 . 1917 The bands of the forewings black-brown instead of red-brown. ab. trif asciata Schawerda. Vo-rh . <7.00! — >ir>+ Oao .m C.a owt mr/i iMovi C. A Q-7T TOT. Hindwings. with a dark middle band, on upper and underside. ab.holmgreni Lampa. Ent. Tidskr.6 p.97 1885. (fig. Svenska Pjar.pl. 42 f . I9D type.'.) Porewings without transverse bands, with dark spots near the outer margin. The fig. shows the ground colour yellowish. Practically all authors misidentify it. ab. suf fusa Cockerell. Entomologist 19 p. 37 1886. (Newman Brit.Moths p. I©5 fig. ) - ^>aBctarfea-g&ra33£v~-grOst Ent.-Yer.-I7 p.6 -1932 . Uniform reddish-brown, freckled all over with miniate dots, a tiny discoidal spot on the forewings is showing in Newman's figure. ab. obscurata Staudinger. Cat. Ed. 3 p.334 1901. Much darker than typical f aim. Porewings dirty brown, usually almost markingless. Very similar to the preceding and hardly worth separating as the reddish forms run into the brown and darker brown ones. ab. brunnescens Hebei. Serge's Scbmett. I9IQ p.397 . Almost completely unicolorous reddish-ochre-brown, thickly dusted, with distinct transverse stripes and discoidal spot and unicolorous fringes. ab. destrigata Gornik. Z.Ost.Knt.Ver. 17 p.5 1932. Pore. zings limiter or darker reddish— ochre— brown and more or les3 dusted. Hwwover. the distinct blackish-brown lines fail though the remaining markings are present. This meansthe unequally broad dark brown shading that touches the outer transvers line and the anterior one, the middle area is thus somewhat pale. Discoidal spot on both wings distinct. Hindwings finely dusted with brown. ab. punctata Gornik. Z.Ost.Ent.Ver. 17 p.6 1932. The description reads "Like holmgreni but the discoidal spots on fore and hin^ wings distinct," However, Gornik and many other authors have a compi&ely wrong impression over holmgreni assuming that it ha3 no discoidal spots" and that il is the dark brownish speckled form in which the discoidalsdo not show up ,so his punctata is in reality a redish-brown or brown speckled form in which a prominent discoidal spot appears on all wings. Lempke in Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p.23 makes it a synonym of suffusa Cockerell but the figure in Newman's Brit Mothg on which suffusa was based, only shows a tiny discoidal on forewings and none the hindwings. ab.progressiva Haverkampf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 50 p. 159 1906. = » intermedia Meves. Ent. Tidskr. 35 p. 126 1914. Transitional between the normal form and darker form "holmgreni" but on the forewings there are distinct black transverse stripes and discoidal spots. Th * is Meves description of intermedia, he, like many other authors, assuming holme to be the dark brown markingless form. progressiva, which has priority, is the colour of the brown obscurata Stgr.wil dark, even absolutely black bands. ab. obscurata-fasciata Lempke. Tijdsehr.Ent.95 p.2I8 1952. Ground colour of the forevzings dark brownish with distinct darker brown ban Extremely similar to brunnescens Hebei and hardly worth separating. » „ * . _ , . „ , , . - - , - „ . , ■ - ■ .. . , ; . < . ... . •: ' 'i . • oy; : rs. . » . : * , . V , ' '• & .. .. . , , .. . , ' • -■ „ ■ y- .. - . . • . . . ; , . . ;'T *. ' y ,, ‘ Geom. 248 continued. p.2. defoliaria Clerck. continued, ab. obscura Heifer. Bnt.Z.9 p.I88 I896. = nigrofasciata Neuburger. 3oc,Ent.2l p, 153 1907* = viduaria Meves. Ent. Tidskr. 35 p. 126 1914. The two bands of the forewings greyish-black with more or les3 normal ground colour, the bands standing out in striking contrast. ab. albescens Schawerda. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.Wien 64 p. yjl 1914. Strongly whitish-yellow, hardly powdered showing only remnants of the two brownish transverse bands. ab. transitoria Lerapke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p.2I8 1952. Porewing3 unicolorously pale brown, a3 a rule only with traces of the two trans¬ verse lines. ab.variegata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p.2I7 1932. The brown band outwards of the postdiscal line runs to the outer margin, but is as a rule, divided by the subterminal line. ab. deurabrata Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 95 P.2I7 1952. The brown band outwards of the postdiscal line fails almost completely, for the rest normal. ab.depuncta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p.2I7 1952. The central or discoidal spot of the forewings fails, for the rest normal. ab. unistrigata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 P.2I9 1952. The basal line of the forewings (and in banded specimens also the band before it) fails, but the other markings are present. ab.pallidaria Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 54 p,34 1942. Markings as in the dark banded form obscura Heifer, but the basal area and the bands are very pale and show a varying mixture of pale bluish-grey and pale reddish-brown. The freckles are reduced in number and almost invisible without a lens owing to their pale colour. ab.praeclara Richardson. Snt.Eec. 64 p.269 pi. II f.4 I952. The ground colour of the forewings bright orange-brown. Upper third of the dark subterminal band obsolete. ab. tangens Cockayne. Ent.Rec. 54 p. 34 1942. The pale median area is broken by a union between the ante and postraedian bands midway between nervures I and 2. ab. nigra Bandermann. Int.Ent. Z.2I p. 372 1928. Completely black without any markings, almost identical with B. betularia ab. carbonaria Jord. ab. invariabilis Wamecke. Flora og Fauna 57 P.43 I „ r * •• - . • )q x£bnat!<%c£lvx-'-' « . . « . ' « * ■ * ' , * r . - . - ' - . » . » ■ ■ ■ fcooelJ - e - . . ■ • •' C7b s^nx^ijBKf iQd&o fud . al •' 'l- - , • - C . . . , . x - - * - * • - Of . • . .. ,L . • • - „ • : ' Geom. 249, Phigalia Dup pedaria F. = pilosaria Schiff. aberrational forms etc. ab. extinctaria Standfuss. Stett. Ent. Z. 8 p.62 18^7. = destrigaria Lempke. lijdschr.Eht. 95,p#220 1952. „ Porewing3 with four costal spots continued as tnree obscure interrupted stripes, the fourth. on the outer margin, being obsolete Lempke described his form showing no, or only feeble traces of, the dark transverse lines of the forewing. ab.unifonnata Lempke. Tijd3chr.Snt. 95 p.220 I952. Wings uniformly greenish br own-gr ey , not darkened, with out the white specks. ab. ochrea Schawerda. • Z. Ost.Ent.Ver. 4 p.68 1919* Wings ochreous yellow. ab.fasciaria Richardson. Ent. Sec. 64 p.269 pi. II f. 6 1952. The space between the second and third lines of the forewings is filled in to form a broad median band. 82 1913. Ground colour bright silvery grey with vivid black shadows without a trace of ochreous or brown« Fringes chequered with grey and black. The figure shows the outer margins of the forewings extremely pale, almost whitish but this is not stressed or even mentioned in the description. ab. albomarginata Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 95 p.221 1952. Marginal area of the forewings whitish, sharply contrasting. . „ .. ■ . . / ... ton c,i. andl $ifT St.-:. . . . . . - -)e*ie • cxi xakla' ^oio^ltd jn.r;:'l a ’ tf oa^oi a± . , ■ . * ’ ’ <* • ' , o ' . Geom.251. Poecilopsis Harris on. lapponaria Dup. aberrational forma etc. subsp. scotiae Wehrli. Seitz 4 Suppl.p.420 1941. v Specimens from Scotland. ab.lutea Cockayne. Entomologist 42 p. 169 1909. The orange on the co3ta and orange abdominal stripe replaced by yellow. ab. fasciata Harrison. Ent.Sec. 52 p. 34 1940. The first or basal line is strengthened and extended, whilst similarly the median and second lines are fused to form a solid black bar. Except for a faint darker terminal suffusion the outer half of the wings appears of a uniform warm ochreous Hindwings with the usual markings and suffusions obsolete except the central band which is fainter than that on the forewings. hybrid smallmani Harrison. Entomologist 43 p. 197 1910. Cross between Lapponaria c? and zonaria 9. hybrid leesi Harrison. Entomologist 71 p.124 1938. Cross between lapponaria 8“ and hirtaria 9. . ■ * . - * . « : • . •: ' _’:c ' - ' . . ■oxS ,*xed zo&It -yj. ■■ d . :: '■> \L dtl;. . .. . .. ' -» • ^ ' ■ Jtu ... ... Geom. 252, Eurasia Dup. zonaria Schiff. aberrational forms etc. aubsp. britannica Harrison. Entomologist 45 p.316 1912. The subspecies from Britain according to Harrison is greyer marked, tending to obsolescence, inward from the praesub terminal suffusion. ab. obscura Harrison. Entomologist 45 p.316 1912. Almost totally suffused with smoky-black. subsp. atlantica Harrison. Ent.Hec.32 p.34 1940. The race from the Inner and Outer Hebrides. Much smaller than other British specimens. ab. obsolescens Cockayne, Snt.Hec.63 p.241 pi. 13 f.9 1933. All the dark markings on the wings and thorax are replaced by very Dale brownish grey. ab. albicans r&tsche. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.Wien 74-75 p. {I78) 1926. 'pie ba3al and middle field almost completely white, the dark transverse lines in the middle field of both wings almost completely disappear. ab.ochracea Newstead & Smith. Entomologist 52 p.227 1919. The ground colour yellowish-buff instead of the normal whitish-grey. 9 ab. nigra Harrison. Entomologist 45 p.320 1912 Completely black. pi ere is no proof that this is the female of obscura Harrison as the latter is irora Britaon and nigra from Hussia. hybrid merana Burrows. Ent.Hec. 18 p. 132 1906. Cross between zonariacf and lapponaria 9. hybrid harrisoni Harrison. Entomologist 43 p. 197 I910. Cross between zonaria d* and hirtaria 9. . . . . ' : jl>* ei xioe±tE*XjeH oJ- ®ctxfeiooou f.x&fr± : rorx* . , .:. I - cate iL- ' « . » dt , .. -■ « e: . * W * . , . , si'acoo >+?:.• :X blei: ,: . b.:. / _• ... •9 * . k >o • _ t, ..... . 1 - ‘ . S . . . Geom,253. Lycia Hbn. hirtaria Clerck. aberrational forms etc. •• ’ - ’ * 14 • * ♦ . . * ab.flavescens Prout. Seitz 4 p.35b 1915. (nonupreoc. Kit 1. 1914) The wings more mixed with yellow, a common form in England. ab. albescens Lenrpke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p.223 1952. Forewings whitish, feebly powdered with dark atoms, the three transverse lines rather feebly developed, the subterrainal hardly visible. ab.fumaria Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.273. ’ings fuscous or blackish- grey with four obscure transverse lines. Prout and other authors are ’wrong in giving this name to the black aberration which is now named nigra Cockayne, ab. hanoviens is Heymon3. Berl. Ent. Z. 36 p.44o pi. 15 f . 9-9 a. 1891. The figure of the male shows the middle shadow-line only extremely faintly indicated. The twin basal lines, further apart,aiefilled with fuscous to form a distinct band. Outwards from this is a band of normal yellowish ground colour in which the discoidal spot is centred, followed by another band of fuscous, then the pale subterminal and fuscous margin. The impression is a wing with three fuscous band3,the first two almost meeting on the inner margin instead of there being the normal wide space, between them. The figure of the female shows the markings more or less obsolescent. 9 ab. terror aria Krulikovisky. Soc.3nt.23 p. 12 1908. •female with the wings unicolorously grey with weak traces of the transverse lines on the veins of the forewings. ab.variegata Lerapke. Tijdschr.3nt.95 p.223 1952. On the forewings the area between the postdiscal and subterminal lines is unicolorously blackish, the outer area is also often strongly oowdered with black so that the subterminal line contrasts as a sharp pale line. ab. denigrata Hawkins. Entomologist 73 p.28 1940. All black scaling on wings, head, thorax, abdomen, antennae and legs is completely absent. The normal pattern is present but is only shown by a darker shade" of the ground colour. ab.flavescens Kitt, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.Wien 64 p. (177) 1914. Entirely rusty yellow with the black markings reduced to black-grey lines instead of bands. Fringes rusty— yellow, not chequered, antennae also rusty— yellow. ab. nigra Cockayne. Ent. Mon. Mag. 84 p.266 pl.E f . 8 1948. T^e whole insect including the antennae,legs,thorax,abdomen and wings is black with . the exception of the subterminal line, which is whitish in the male, less distinct and sometimes obsolescent in the female, none of the normal markings are visible. ab.fasciata Prout. Seitz. 4 p.356 1915. Forewing with a blackish band extending from the median line to the subtenninal and with the antemedian line double. ab. congener aria Hubner. Eur. Schmett. Geom.33 f. I74 1796-99. - duplicaria Staudinger. Cat. Ed. Ill p. 336 1901. The figure shows the basal line double and the postmedian band split uo into lines and not filled in with fuscous as is normal. , „ - * . ■ « ■ ■ . . o o A ■ V O « O t o' ' . o « ' ■' O ■■•■:■ o . .0 , (reom*253 continued p.2. hirtaria Glerck. continued hybrid denhami Harrison. Entomologist 43 p.I97 1910. Gross between hirtaria cf and zonaria 9. hybrid wallacei Harrison. Entomologist 49 p. 77 I9l6 Gross between hirtaria 3 and lapponaria 9. .. . ' • bi ■ \ . ' . . ■ v .. >■■■ . : ; _ Geom.254. Biston Leach. strataria Hufn. aberrational forms etc. ab.meridionalia Oberthur. Lep.Corap. 7 p.251 pi. I63 f . 1591 I913. The white ground is very little dusted with dark and the two bands of the forewin are extremely pale, and of a light brown. ab. ochrearia Newstead & Smith. Entomologist 52 p.226 T9I9» Ground colour yellowish-buff instead of white, the markings normal. Head and collar deep tawny-buff , the normal white parts on thorax, legs and antennae are also buff. ab.umbrata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.95 p.224 1952. The pale central hand of the forewings divided over it3 whole length by a dark central shade. ab. approximata Lenpke. Tijdschr.Ent.95 p.224 1952. (description vol. 90 p. 147) The two transverse lines which border the central area of the forewing are close together. ab. conjunctarius Galvagni. Verh. zool. -bot. Ges.Wien 81 p. ( l6 ) 1931. The two transverse lines of the forewing are very near to each other just above the inner margin and are joined at this point by a thick black streak. ab.cotangens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p.224 1952. (descript. vol. 90 p. I47) The two transverse lines which border the central area of the for swings, touch each other below the middle and remain united. ab. obsoleta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p.224 1952. The two transverse lines of the forewings,as well as the two brown bands, are very feebly developed, the ground colour normal. ab. intermedia Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p.224 1952. The whole central area brown, but for the rest normal. So the two transverse lines are outwardly bordered with brown, but the ba3al and marginal areas remain whits. ab. nigricans Oberthur. Lep.Corap. 7 p.251 p.163 f.1592 1913. The brown transverse bands of the forewings rather dark and the white central area heavily speckled and dusted with black so as to almost obliterate the white ground. Hindwings also darkened. ab.berus Horhammer. Int.Snt.Z.27 p.295 1933. &7 9 The normally brown bands of the forewing are deep black, only a trace of the normal brown remaining as a very fine line running from the inner margin parallel to the ante and postmedian lines. Hindwings also blacker than normal. ab. s triaria Prochaska. Verh. zool. -bot. Ges.Wien 69 p. (I37)fig.4 1919. The black dusting in the middle field of the forewings is absent, the ground colour uniform reddish- grey. Both black transverse stripes are very distinct, they appear like black— brown bands. Head, thorax and abdomen reddish— grey. The figure shows the two transverse stripes narrow with apparently no outside brown bordering, standing out as blackish bands, not as the single lines which are seen in the normal form. ab.permutaria Schepp. Ent. Z. 3 8 p.46 1924. r <3 The. forewings with black-brown bands. These blackish bands are even more distinct than in the typical female whilst the middle field is sprinkled to a lesser degree with dark scales. I , alias' . . .. . -.crofti?. i bjseJ'ewel! al’u . . „ . ,vf. ,■ . ■- - - . . jit . . dneo ... • , . i'-K . •'• „ .1 ) ,q , ■ J . . , . . . . - . . . - • „ „ . . „ , . . . . d. 3C. v . - Geom.254. continued. p. 2. 3 tr at aria Hufn. continued. ab.terrarius Weymer. Jahresber^Naturw.Ver.Elberfeld p. 73, 1884. = octodurensis Favre. MiirtC.4tt/l.Wr4'3 /o A. 2>6 - breigneti Brascassat. The white area3 suffused with yellow-grey, the brown bands hardly contrasting but the black transverse lines distinct. ab. robiniaria Frings. Soc. Snt. 13 p. 81 1898. Almost unicolorous black-brown. There is no lighter area at the base of the fore¬ wing nor in the middle area or margin,the brown colour of the bands is almost entirely lost in the black-brown ground colour, only the black uneven lines which border the bands are still visible. This form is much darker than the preceding. ab.melanaria Koch. Bnt.Z.59 p. 137 1949. Deep black, the colour exactly as in ab. carbonaria Jord. of betularia. Whilst in carbonaria there is nearly always a grey or whitish patch at the ante-margin * of the hmdwmg, this is absent in the black strataria. It is entirely without markings. hybrid herefordi Tutt. Snt.Hec.2 p.83 1891. Cross between strataria d and betularia 9, ab. grisearia Naufock. Jahresber.Wien.Ent.Ver.25 p.83 19147; Much lighter than in ab.terrarius but in commom with it there is a complete absence of the normal dark violet-brown bands and the brownish shade of the forewings ,and therefore the whole wing has a light grey ground colour. The black scaling is much lighter than in terrarius and the pattern consists of very fine lac£ transverse lines which are shaded with light ochre-brown instead of dark violet-brown of the typical form so that the whole median field appears somewhat T ■ .. ' , *S*q , : . .... . ' ■ ' • . ■ • ■ . • . ... :-c- olJ^x d&ivi ... r. . . . v: ' c f3 . - . .• . , . • , . , . . & : ( ... r . Yt it ' ,C „ . „ . ■ , . . . sl o * . . . ;:vv...rr. old cd& bfi& Bhftv J . Geom. 255* Biston Leach. betularia L. aberrational forms etc. ab. benesignata Lempke. Tijd3chr.Ent.95 p.2^.6 1952. Typically coloured specimens with complete sharp transverse lines, the outer one of which is not broken near the cell of the forewings. ab. destrigata Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt.95 P« 226 I952. Typically coloured but with no trace of the transverse lines. ab. ochrearia Mansbridge. Entomologist 41 p. 112 1908. The wings ochreous with typical black mar kings, hindwings somewhat paler, especial! on costa. Forewings with the costa brownish-ochreous; thorax and abdomen pale och¬ reous mixed with black, antennae pale ochreous banded with black, ab. f asciata Prout. Seitz 4 p. 358 1915* A grey median band crossing both wings. ab. insularia fhierry-Mieg. Le (Tat. 8 p.237 1886. The white ground colour heavily mottled and dotted with black. ab.nigromarginata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.95 p.226 1952* Both wings with broad black outer border, the rest of the wings thickly sprinkled [ with black as in insularia. 6% ab. carbonaria Jordan. Ent. Mon, Mag. 6 p.40 I896T. = doubleday aria Milliere. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 16 I870. = nigra Heylaerts. Tijdschr.Ent. 13 p. 155 1870. Unicolorous black with a white spot at the base of the forewing and a small whitish area on the costa of the hindwings. ab.funebraria Lambillion. Rev. Mens. Soc. Ent. Nam. 5 p. 15 1905. Forewing black as in carbonaria. Hindwings black .with a broad pure white band along costal margin which is traversed by twcT&'arfc lines.(This white area is free from the small black spots which are usually present.) ab.parvula Wnukowsky. Folia Zool. et Hydrobiol.7 p,227 1935. Dwarf form ab, grisea Staith. Ent.Rec.66 p.97 pi. 3 f.2 1954. Similar to carhonaria but of a washed out grey shade, the forewings dark grey, hindwings grey. Head, thorax and abdomen dark grey. ab. lomasaria Cottara. Lancs. & Cheshire Mat. 16 p.2I I923. Albino. The usual black markings replaced by pale orange-brown, or buff. ab.decolorata Cockayne. Ent.Rec.52 p. 96 1940. Similar to carbonaria but the black replaced by buff. ab. semivirgata Cockayne. Ent.Rec.65 p. 168 1953, pi. 32 f.22. On the forewings the first and second lines are united to form a large black mark on the costa. Hindwing normal. ab.suffusa Cockayne. Bnt.Rec.65 p. 168 pi. 32 f.23 1953. Forewing with black speckles tending to become confluent longitudinally especial^ in the space posterior to the median nervure. Marginal area white with a few black scales; inter neural black spots on the termen well developed, the discoidal spot large. Hindwing discoidal very large with a broad ill-defined band running from inner margin to a point opposite discoidal where it almost unites with two of the weak spots on the margin, Black scales along median nervures as far as transverse band, a few black scales in cell and many more between median nervure and nervure 2 and the inner margin. The rest of the wing almost white. si - , . a ’ . . . . , a ' . .. . - - 1 ■ V, ■ , u-..: « • . . „ . - , . - * a . . i: - .... o - . ... t, M a a ***^ * • c <> , ■ • -C 4 ft C ' * X,e.t „ ' . Geom.255 continued, P.2. betularia L, continued. ab, nigricosta Cockayne, Snt.Rec.65 P.24I 1953. (fig. Barrett pi. 30 1 f . IB. ) Forewing with the costa from base to 3ubapical mark with a broad black band which includes the discoidal spot. The rest of the wing white speckled with black. ab. albapicata Cockayne. Ent. Rec.65 p. l6a pi. 13 f . 17 1953. Of the black carbonaria form but with the apex of the forewing white li^itly speckled with black and an insignificant patch on the termen between nervur©3 3 and 4. The costal part of the hindwing is speckled with white. ab. carbonicolor Bruckova. Acta. Ent.Mus. Wat. Prague 26 p.3 1948. ab. soffneri Tykac. Acta Soc.Snt.Bohem.38 p.55 1941. ab. svejbekia Hoffraeyer. Flora og Fauna, 1960,66 ,p,15, fig. Of the light nominate form, but with a broad black stripe on either side of the median area, and broadly united along the costa. The black transverse marking is also well-expressed on the hindwing. The abdomen, and, in the upper figure” also the thorax, is essentially black. ab.morleyi Chalmers- Hunt. Ent. Gaz. 1964. t% o. 138. pi, 4. f . 1. Characterised by a broad rather irregularly shaped, black* transverse band in the postmsdial areas of the otherwise much more typically marked fore and hindwings. Typ3 1M the Rothschild- Cockayne-Kettl swell Collection. ab. nigr leans Mev es . Ent. Tid s kr. 1914. 35. p . 12 6. The forewings so strongly black-dusted, that in -their inner half only a. small patch, particularly on the inner margin, remains pale. Hindwings more strongly dusted than usual, and showing a marked, continuous, black, fine wavy transverse line beyond the discoidal lunule. (From the German translation on p.138.) Presumably a form of ab. insular ia Th. Hi. 1: 0 „ , , = . « „ , 0 • . i . eo'iamdfi r&e: &*j- - i • ' ;d ■ do&i d.:&Q±‘..h ■■ :arti a.. •..*3 3 oaf J -$/ . .-Ivloe.- „ ' ' : ■ . » '. . , , ■ . •, .... . . : 0 0 tJ . a n 0 s. .. e 0 ■ i$ . i.!! . { ■»’’ >1 1 , , . . . , - , ■ _ _ _ _ j:\ _ « Geom. 256, Hemerophila Steph. abruptaria Thribg. aberrational form3 etc. ab.brunneata Tutt. Ent. Nec. 10 p. TJ2 1898. Forewings bright brown tending to chestnut-brown, the basal and elbowed lines paler, the subterminal line almost obsolete centrally, but forming a pale wavy line at its origin on the costa. The basal area darker brown and a blackish we^ge-shaped spot lies in the second hollow of the elbowed line extending onward335 to the subteiminal but not to the outer margin. Fringe chequered. Hindwing3 with the outer portion of the same tint as the forewings but gradually becoming darker towards the base,which is very dark fuscous and a pale curved transverse line extends across the wing from the anal angle almost to the outer margin. Thorax pale as in typical form, abdomen almost of the tint of the hindwings. ab.fuscata Tutt. Ent. Pec. 10 p. TJ2 1898. The bright red-brown hue of the preceding brunneata gives place to deep sooty fuscous, inclining to blackish, but usually a trifle paler in the median area of the f or ewings, otherwise the general markings of the preceding form are maintained the basal area is blacker, the wedge-shaped marking traceable but continued as a transverse band between the elbowed line and subterminal to the inner margin. The basal , elbowed and subterminal transverse lines traceable, but less didtinct, the pale costal portion of the subterminal being less conspicuously marked. The fringes chequered. Hindwings also sooty fuscous, the upper median transverse line being represented by a black line, the outer transverse line by the curved shading directly exterior to it but less marked than in brunneata. Thorax of the <5 usually pale but mixed with fuscous scales, 9 always pale. Abdomen dark fuscous in both sexe3. ab. unicolor Tutt. Ent. Hec. 10 p. TJ2 1898. *- thpobromaria- TuratiT tJat7tic72i~P7iii~pt76-f7'4S--f99T“ft7~ The most extreme of these dark forms. All the pale markings lost except a small apical point placed towards the costal termination of the subterminal line. It is practically unicolorous,the pale areas of fuscata,the preceding, being lost in the dads ground, only traces of the black markings are visible, these being also lost in the almost unicolorous sooty-black colour that is spread all over the wings. Antennae and abdomen are equally dark, the thorax paler but not so pale as in brunneata and fuscata. This appears to be the nearest approach yet reached to an unicolorous form. ab. barcinonaria Bellier, Ann. Soc. Ent. Pr. 1862 p,I27 pi. I f.2. = theobfomariiaTurati. Nat Siciliano „ 2 1 , p. II I pl*^2 I909”I0, Unicolorous melanic. This form was described as a species and then placed as a form of H. japygiaria Costa. Wehrli and various other authors now state that it is in reality a form of abruptaria (see Seitz 4 Suppl.p. 449) , Wehrli having acquired the Type. The figure shows all wings fuscous with no trace of any normal yellowish ground. The transverse lines of the forewing are well defined as thin black lines, the black discoidal spot distinct. Hindwing with a well defined black median line. Wehrli ’s figure in Seitz 4 Suppl.pl. 39 C shows no trace of the discoidal spot of the forewing. ab. coarctata Cockayne. Entomologist 82 p.49 pi* I f. 3 T949* Porewing with the median line absent and the ante and po3tmedian lines approaching one another closely at the discoidal spot, them running parallel and close together often united by dark scales on the median nervure and nervure 2. In more extreme cases the lines themselves touch and are sometimes fused to form a Y. ab. interrupta Cockayne. Entomologist 82 p. 49 pi. I f.5 194-9* The ante and postmedian lines running from the costa are united at the disoidal spot forming a V; the inner ehds of the lines are also united near the inner margi forming a small oblique loop. There are no lines whatever in the middle of the wing. C. » o • . , v 3 ..." „ . ' r c <• « . - abruptaria Thnbg. continued. ab. knightaria Cockayne. Entomologist 82 p.50 pi. I f.7 I949. iiLl the normal lines on both wing3 are absent, the whole insect having a suffused appearance. Porewing with costa blackish-brown, the anterior part pale from the base to a point beyond the discoidal spot, which is often absent. The dark blotch just. external to the postmedian line intensified, black, and without sharp outline running outwards from the blotch is the usual subapical brown mark, but the pale loops separating it from the blotch, are absent, or at most indicated by an indistinct pale line. The aple apical mark present, but not sharply demarcated; bia2k blotch the inner margin is a broad reddish-brown band with ill-defined borders. Hindwing blackish-brown from the base to nostmedian.in most specamans crossed near the base by a faint, ill -defined pale line; the rest of the wing is dark brown, but usually separated from the blacker basal part by an indistinct pale stripe, hll the usual sharply defined markings are absent. gen.aest. aestivalis Dannehl. Ent.Z. 41 p. 354 1927. ihe dark edge. of the costa is particularly narrow and sometimes be hardly visible. so pale as to . u c . ■ . • r'-U' . . . ■ . . Geom. 257* Gleora Curtis, cinctaria Schiff. aberrational forms etc. ab. columbaria Cockayne, Bnt.Mon.Mag.84 p,267 pl,E f , II 1948 Ground, colour pale dove-grey; on the forewing the basal and luitemedian lines are * fu^ed, form a thin black band and the postmedian is fused with ohe thin dark line running just external to and parallel with it to form another thin black band; in the marginal area there is a variable amount of 3hadl^Jkere_are ?° °th0^ ^arkin^ in the median area except the pale a spot,-vhich is faintly visible. On the hindwings the postmedian and sub- marginal lines are present but the antemedian is absent. ab.paradoxa Cockayne. Ent. Mon. Mag. 84 p.267 pl.E f. 10-32 1948 On both wings the basal area and the whole of the marginal area outside th e postmedian line are darkened and the nervures are blatkish^vLg the Lsect a a late appearance, the median area is whitish with very slight freckling except oSth. dT *T bf 9 t0 th9 di3Cal 3Pot ^d the border alon^nerv ure^ 4 to the disc; the discal spot itself is white and distinct.being surrounded by ifof thf for^rtn ^®4le the median area is more heavily freckled and the marg- in of^tne forewings is marbled and the nervures only slightly darkened- on line 13 di3tinot “d the ab.fuscaria Cockayne. Ent.Kon.Mag, 84 p.267 pl.E f 13 1948 are mmefl0Ur ^ ^ "dnS3 “ dUU Pale bro™>but all the usual markings ab, cons imil aria Duponchel. Hist Sat.Lep.7 pt.2 p.386 pi. 162 f T 1829 ab. duponcheli^ Wagner. Z. Ost. Snt. Ver. 8 p. 41 fig. 1923. to whitish-^-ey^he marginal field, except for* the whitish apical mark is moderately darkened, the transverse bands very" distinct Tho h <, i h ^ one broad band through the the doublS linls Ltag mi^ Sh “st^ct°marktogs.0ldia “ di3tin0t^ viaib^- Hindwings also light with Ary The main character of this form appears to be the wide blackish basal band. ab. f uscolimbata Heinrich. Dtsch.Ent.Z. ( I916) p.531 1917 ^40? ^ Sa^L dark brown outer margin darkened."1 ^ m±Mle ^ K* only the ab.lucialata Fuchs. Stett. Ent. 2. 45 p.267 1884. ;',hibifh-®rey,very sparsely and finely dusted with brown,markings drstmct but without the middle moon (discoidal). Just below apex f Tb“wlish spot going m the direction of the outer transverse stripe which meets fnXIr arf uniform If Zt t£f?OTerse 3brjPe Just ^bove the middle.Fcr the rest.all ■ ings are uniform light white-grey without brownish cloudiness. ab schulzei Heinrich. Dtsch.Bnt.2. (1916) p.360 & 531 P1.4 f . 17 tot7 Jg&t d^tfgf markinS3 redTr3llow»bhe ground ohL ylilow-grey ab, maculata Heut er. Acta. Soc. Faun. Plor. Penn. 9 p. 64. U?Sr! da2*k9r than typiCal form>more unicolorous with the discal spot much Prom Prout’s description in Seitz, I have not seen the original. . -r • < , ' : » • . . » *• . . , eo‘iimafl ©ro- &ra ib/: *: food add tfoqa Xfi .■ i£. . ./;(/ . . Uv.. 4 , „ , - „ „ , *' ■- ■ # . . , , . * :■ .• : - • ’ , . x • . ! . . , . . L*. . ,. Co ■,»&%£ X.. vi; ■ . . „ , „ ,• . ... ■■ ■ ,■ Xi" „ ■ ‘i€>X,uo ©d.r . „ . ,j , , „ .rLoiiai - . x. > • x * ,■ , ■ « , . , ” • . Geom. 257 continued. p.2. cinctaria Schiff . continued. ab. caminariata Puchs. Stett. Ent. Z. 45 p.267 1884. All parts of the wings, except the costal margin of hindwing, are darkened by fine, sooty-brown dusting, resulting in the markings becoming less distinct. The costal area of the hindwing remains free from this dusting, ab.fuscaria Cockayne has a darkened ground colour, it is not darkened in the same manner as the present form. ab. submarmoraria Puchs. Stett. Ent. Z. 45 p.267 1884. = pascuaria Huene. Berl. Ent. Z. 46 p.3l6 pi. 6 f . 4 1901. Basal and marginal field of forewings blackened forming bands, the middle field whitish, sharply contrasting. Hindwings show a brovm darkening in the marginal area which decreases towards the costa, which it does not reach. ab.deletaria Hebei. Berge’s 3chmet.I9I0 p.40I. (Barrett pi. 311 f . I H. ) The transverse markings completely absent, the wings pale. ab.nigraria Rebel. Berge’s Schmett.1910 p.402, { Barrett d.SII figs. I i & I j. ) r erebaria Krulikovsky, Rev.Russe.3nt., 9 0.3x3 1910, Wings unicolorous sooty black. The figure shows no markings but a 3ubterminal row of pale red-brown spots is present. In the second figure Ij the transverse lines are faintly visiblejit is not, in ray opinion,the same form. ab. separata Smith. Snt.Hec.66 p.97 pi. 3 f.6 1934. Similar to submarmoraria Puchs but ’with a blackish-brown line dividing the median white band, from the costa to the inner margin. ab. tangens Lempke. Tijdschr.3nt.95 p.236 1952. (descript.vol.90 0.147) The two transverse lines which border the central area of the forewings touch each other below the middle and then separate again. ab.berylaria Richardson. Snt.Rec. 64 p.269 pi. II f.3 1952. Ground colour uniform pinkish-grey. Two cross-lines and 3ubterminal blotches clearly defined but reduced to a minimum, giving a sharply etched effect. ab.adustaria Preissecker. Yerh.zool.-bot.Ges.Wien ~]2 p. (94) 1923. The basal and marginal areas of forewing and the marginal area of hindwing are practically unicolorous brownish-black. Remaining parts strongly and uniformly dark dusted, no whitish- grey areas remain. Dark markings distinct but the wavy subterminal only visible here and there. subsp. bowesi Richardson. Ent.Rec.64 p.269 pi. II f.2 & ~J 1952. Phe ocottish race. Silvery white ground and blackish grey markings, differs from the English specimens by the almost complete absence of brown in the ground and markings. a s - . ■O f L ' . . . . . ■: . - » * ^ - ;'.L* m - - - • » « » - , » <• ■■■ * f J * »C , , • - - - , ' » -v ' - \y\ ■■ ' ■ \ r-; . 8 . ...... . » 1 . , , .0. . . ' , • -'oaK tsiiji'tQmxi » • , , '■ to< oirl . nil - • , ' . • , * C 1 -a ■ ■ . : , : . . , ■ . _ - . Geom. 258. Cleora Curtis. rhomboidaria Schiff. = gemmaria Brahm. aberrational forms etc. ab.defloraria Dannehl. Ent. Z. 41 p.393 1928. = defumaria Lenek. Ent. Nachr. blatt 3 p.123 1951. Ground colour whitish-grey, the markings very weak, dull grey without brownish tinge. ab.fimbriaria Stephens. Ill. Haust. Ill p. 188 pl.30 f . I 183 1. Ground colour ashy- grey, ( in the figure it is light yellow-brown ) scarcely dark- dusted, with a prominent discoidal spot on forewings but very few other markings. .All wings have a wide fuscous band from the postmedian outwards to the margins, the band containing a broken chain of whitish spots, representing the subterminal. ab.deurabrata Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 93 p.231 I952. The central shade of the forewings absent, other markings normal. ab. brunneata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.93 p.231 1932. Ground colour of the wing3 dark brown,without grey tint. ab. illineata Schawerda. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.Wien 77 p. (81) 1927. Ground colour normal but without transverse line marking. On the forewing the discoidal stands out as a solitary isolated mark. ab. australaria Curtis. Brit. Ent. 3 p. 113 1826. Of a deep ochraceous tinge with powerful markings. ab.haggarti Williams. Ent.Rec.44 p.46 1932. Head, thorax, patagia, abdomen and wings of a 3mooth pale yellowish-grey. The smooth appearance,a conspicuous feature in both sexes, is due to the almost entire absence of the ^ freckling of black dots,which gives a rougher and darker aopearance to normal specimens, in fact the yellowish-grey ground, in spite of the pale appearance, is hot paler than the whitish-grey of typical rhomboidaria, the dark appearance of which is due to freckling,which is also a prominent feature in the bright ochreous ab. au3tralaria Curtis. On the pale ground the usual markings are indicated, but in a paler shade than in other forms; the cro33-lines on the fore¬ wings quite weakly marked, the discoidal spot, on the other hand, being very distinct and prominent and accentuated by a clear pale area below it; the subterminal line distinct, and the apical and subapical markings clear and conspicuous Hindwings paticular ly smooth, but the markings are indicated. ab.perfumaria Newman. Entomologist 2 p.246 & 248 I863. Newman gives several references to this form but no fixed description, but cites the figure in food's Index no»3II p. 83. Host authors have evidently taken this as periumaria Newman. Ground colour violet-grey without the usual brown tinge seen in this soecies. ->aid to be found only in the neighbourhood of London. ab. millier ata Gumppenberg. $yst. Geom.pt. 3 p. ( 128 ) 1892. Named from Milliere’s description and figure in Icon. I p. 181 pi. 10 f.7 1859 The description reads " General colour of the wings much darker than in type OTioky. Ordinary lines very well indicated standing out against the ground colour. The main character of this form is that the space between the elbowed line and he fringe is as if charcoaled. The discoidal spot, without a pupil, is deep black leaning against the costal margin,it is not united to a median shade and is all the more distinct from the ground colour. " wi?f3 Yeiy P^9 Sr®N with a tinge of yellowish but with a broad ^fuscous band to all wings from the postmedian outwards to the margin. The hindwings have a pale subterminal line in the dark band. This form is extremely similar to ab.fimbriaria Stephens but there is no subter¬ minal line in the blackish border of the forewing. , J * . , . - » *S1 ■ ...... » •• . : .r . * ■ ■ • o < • * ■ . - - , • » * ■■ - ' * ' Sbib . ■ . ■■■ ' . . • ■ ' : 8 . • ' V.'Oi.^d . ■ ■ ■ . 9i , ... . . ' .. . . , - « 4 . . ' , u - ' ■ I'C v ■/ ■ ■ ‘ ' i , ' OA i ■ Geom. 258 continued. p.2. rhomboidaria Schif f . continued. ab.melas Con3tantini. At' ti. So c. Nat. u.Mat. Modena (3) v. 3 I9l6.p. 17. ihe median, line of the forewings absent and a darker outer area of both wings. Phis description is from Vehrli in Seitz 4 Suppl. I have not seen the original. ab.rebeli Aigner. Eovart.Lap. 12 p.152 1905. All wings unicolorous black, only the subterminal wavy line visible. ab. nigra Adkin. Proc. S. Lond. Bnt. Nat. Hist. Soc. I9O8-9 p. 83 1909. = nigerrima Moreau. Bull. Soc. Bnt.Er.i9i6 p. 188 pi. I f . 1-4. ■ ings unicolorous blaok. The specimens collected by Adkin have a oostmedian line showing, in a pale indistinct yellowish colour, some also the basal line in a similar manner. The figures of nigerrima Moreau show the same character. gen. aest. minor Puchs. Specimens of a second generation,sraaller than typical fonp. ab. simplicia Lenek. Bnt. Nachr. blatt 3 p.123 1951. The discoidal cell mark fuses with the middle shadow. ab. obsoletaria Lenek. Bnt. Nachr . blatt. 3 p. 12 3 pi. 4 f.2 1931. The transverse lines are only represented on the veins as streaks. ab.orcus Lenek. Ent. Nachr. blatt. 3 p.I22 1951. ab. exquisita Lenek. Ent. Nachr. blatt. 3 p. 122 pi. 4 f . 4 I95I. ab.unigrisea Lenek. Ent. Nachr. blatt 3 p. 122 pi. 4 f.8 1951. ab. contract a Lenek. Ent. Nachr. blatt. 3 p.I23 1951. ab.def urn aria Lenek. Bnt. Nachr. blatt. 3 p.I23 1931. a rt * - a « . . • - . u r rs&M. . * i , . , '1 •> **• ' 0 V- * — . . -i. Geom.259. Cleora Curtis. ribeata Clerck. = abietaria Schiff. aberrational forms etc. ab.illineata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p. 237 1952* The transverse lines fail. ab. sericearia Curtis. Brit. Ent. 3 p. 113 pi. 113 1826. Silky brown, speckled irregularly with ochre. . Forewings darkest, the base very dark, the markings distinct. Hindwings fuscous with a waved transverse line, dark on the internal and li^it on the external edge. Outer part of the wing speckled with longish ochraceous spots. The figure shows a blackish-brown insect with bold markings, the original painting which is in the Tring Museum is not nearly so dark but still darker than typical specimens. ab. nigra Cockayne. Ent.Rec.6o p.9 I948» Forewing unicolorous black with discal spot visible; hindwing unicolorou3 black¬ ish-brown, becoming black towards the margin, discal spot black; thorax black, abdomen blackish-brown with a pale anal tuft in the male. ab. aurichalcea Diosseghy. Verh. Siebenburg Ver,Naturw.79-80 p.269 1930. Forewing ground colour light ochreous -yellow, hindwings a little greyish,the normal well-developed markings and the sparse dusting greenish-brown. 1 o - , . . ’ o - . - . .. Geom.260. Cleora Curtis. repandata L. aberrational forms etc. ab. similata Vorbrodt. Mitt. Schweiz ent. Ges. 12 p.487 1917. = raaculatoides ?fordstrom. Svenska Fjar. 1941 p.308 pi. 43 f. 10b. Forewings with a large blackish spot or oblong mark" in cell 3. The figure shows this between the subterminal wavy line and the postmedian transverse line, connecting with both, and situated a little above the middle of the wing. ab. f us comar ginata Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt.95 p.238 1952. Ground colour whitis^- grey, markings normal, a dark band along the outer margin between the subtooniwiBg. line and the fringe. ab.contrasta Lempke. Ti jdschr.Ent. 95 p.238 I952. Ground colour of the wings grey, covered by numerous dark brown striae, the ante- median line of the forewings at the basal side, and the po3tdiscal line of both wings au the outer side sharply bordered with a narrow pale line, submarginal line in the Type is very indistinct. ab. fusca Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p.238 1952. Ground colour of the wings dirty dark brown (fuscous) , the discal 3pot of the forewings and the transverse lines clearly visible, the submarginal^ line paler brown-grey than the ground colour, distinct. ab. p s eudoba3t elbergeri Foltin. Z.Wien Snt.Ver.27 p.36 1942. The stripe-like middle shadow and the inner transverse stripe together form a middle band, the two lines uniting towards the inner margin. ab.brunneata Heydemann. Ent. Z. 52 p.23 pi. I f.9 1938. The ground colour of all wings ochreous brownish, also all the usual white areas including the undulate line, are smoked ochreous brownish. Head, thorax and abdomen also brownish. ab.coarctata Cockayne. 3nt.Rec.54 p.35 pi. 2 f.I 1942. Ground colour of a soft brown, with none of the usual speckling. On the forewing the transverse lines are concentrated to form a narrow black median band, which is widest at the discoidal spot. ab. destrigaria Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809 p.276. Ground colour grey, strongly dusted, the fuscous lines subobsolete but the subterminal distinct. ab. conversaria Hubner. Sur. Schmett. Geom.pl. 76 f.393 & pi. 62 f. 321 I8O9-I3. The banded form in which the two transverse lines of the forewing enclose a dark area, brownish to blackish, the 3pace between them being filled with either tint, to form a strong median band. The outer area is much paler in contrast as is also the basal area. Hindwings also with a broad band. ab.mendeli Williams. Snt. Gaz. I p.p.36 1950. The homozygous form of conversaria. The median band very dark, almost black, the basal and outer areas almost white to pure white, the margins with the band of the same tint as the median band. ab.nigricata Fuchs. 3tett.3nt.Z.3& p.231 1875. Upperside, especially of the forewings densely dusted black, only between outer transverse line abd the sharp white undulating line are lighter areas, which are ash-greyish, especially towards the inner margin. The transverse stripes absent, & trace left of the outer one. Margins carbon-black on outer side of undulating white line. Hindwing3 from base to undulating line ash-grey with fine black dust- ing,not nearly 30 dense as on forewings. <1 . . • - ■7 . flf . A O a » O . . . . . , o> . - . -t . . *<« _ - _ repandata L. continued. Geora.260. continued. p.2. ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Moths. I896. p.299» An intensely black form found near Huddersfield and Sheffield. Presumably much blacker than nigricata Fuchs but the description is too short to be certain. Our specimens from these industrial areas are rather glossy blackish brown to blackish and different from nigricata Fuchs with its distinct pale subterminal line, this line is indicated in our specimens in an obscure orange-brown tint, never sharp or whitish. ah. nigropallida Mansbridge. Entomologist 45 p. 94 1912. Like nigra Tutt, deep velvety black with larger or smaller areas of pearly grey on both fore and hindwings. In extreme examples the grey area occupies the whole of the central part of the wings, and in others only a small part of the alar surface. All the insects are symmetrical and where the subterminal crosses the pale blotches it is somewhat lighter in colour and can be clearly seen. These grey areas are fully scaled, not as in the transparent forms of 0. bidenata, thinly scaled or with scales absent, but more like the 30 called bleached E. jariira. ab. ochronigra Mansbridge. Entomologist 45 p. 95 1912. Like ab. nigra Tutt, deep glossy black ground without irroration but with the terminal and subterminal lines very distinct and having the usual pale patches on the subterminal line of the forewings of a clear ochreous colour instead of white. ab.unistrigata Bruckova. Acta.Bnt.Mus. Eat. Prague 25 p. ab. joukli Bruckova. Acta. Ent.Mus, Nat. Prague 23 p. ab.bistrigata Bruckova. Acta. Ent.Mus. Hat. Prague 23 p. ab.bilineata Bruckova. Acta. Ent.Mus. Nat. Prague 23 p. ab.stigmula Bruckova. Acta. Ent.Mus. Nat. Prague 23 p. subsp.muraria Curtis. Brit.Bnt. p. 113 I827. From Scotland and N. England. laaller,of a uniform grey, more speckled and the markings more obscure. subsp, sodorensium V/eir. Entomologist 14 p.2<_0 pi. fig. 12-13 1881. From Hebrides. Leaden- grey, varied more or less with darker markings; females with no trace of brown, only a faint trace sometimes in the male. Resembles T. consonaria in colour and 3ize Geom.260 continued p.3* repandata L. continued, ab. defasciata Hoffmann & Kloss. Mitt. Nat. Ver. f. Steiermark 54 p.40 Sep. 1918. ab. p s eudoconver sar ia Haebel. Verein f.3chle3. Tnsektehkunde 1924. . . . . . * .• . . Go ora. 262 Gleora Curtis. lichenaria Hufn. aberrational forms etc. ab. cineraria Borkhausen. Naturg. Hur , Schmett. 5 p. 165 1794. The colour ash-grey or whitish. ab.obscuraria Schneider. Ent. Z* 34 p.224 1941. Prom the basal field of the forewings outwards strongly blackened, in the marginal field a little lighter, the markings showing through weakly, hindwings only a little darker than normal. ab.perfumaria Dannehl. Ent. Z. 47 p. 140 1933* Very strongly blackened, mar kings only present as broken lines and little streaks. Hindwings black-grey, with wiped out dark band in the middle. ab.variegata Lerapke. Ti jdschr. Ent. 95 p.240 1932. Dark green, from the discal spot to the inner transverse line a striking pale streak, both transverse lines sharply bordered with pale. ab.impuncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.93 p.24I I952. (descript.vol.90 p. 147) The central spot of the forewings is absent. ab. chretieni Lhorame. Amat.Pap.4 p.206 I929. pi. 4 f.3. The basal and outer area blackish, the median area between the ante and postaedian bands pale grey with very large discoidal spot. Hindwings with the outer part darker. ab. obli ter aria Wagner. Z.0st.Ent.Ver.4 p. II 1919. The transverse lines more or less suffused. ab. virgin! Nordstrom. Svenska F jar. 1941-42 p.308. Moss-green with cell point and vanishing lines, with orange-yellow mixed in, From Wehrli's decription in Seitz, I have not seen the original. , ■ - ♦ .■ .■■J&iS&tULldH J5±l*'MWlXf- . .. . « *’ „• . • . ; ion r ■ « - .on ©rfd ru 2txa& in© 6©qxw " f • - . ' '• . < i : ■ . ■ - , - - X tl « - . - '.'C: a . . ;■ : : :,i: I c ■ ........ » - r . ' , i9"b fu&i. d©:u . .1^ txlE..r 'o/sXcf .*© ;jg i©ino , , . v ... « „ ' ... . Geom. 26l. Gleora Curtis jubata Thnbg. aberrational forms etc. ab. glabraria Hubner. Bur. Schraett. Geom.pl. 31 f . 162 I796"99» The figure shows the median area of the forewings with a well developed transverse band running from the disco idal spot to the inner margin. The ante and postmedian lines also well developed and the subterminal shade shows a3 a definite line, making four transverse conspicuous lines. -Hindwings with strong postmedian. ah. nigrocinctata Puchs. Stetb.Bnt. Z.3& p.232 1875* The large discoidal spot of the farewings forms a nucleus of a very strong middle shadow. Prom this middle point it is sharply bent towards the base and continues like a dark belt in an oblique direction on all wings. The shadow is weaker on hindwings than on forewings , just a soft blackish dusting. On forewings the black is especially strong at two points, first between the discoidal and costal max gin where it forms a large quadrangular spot, and second, at the inner margin where it shows as a keel-shaped oblique black spot, its base on the inner margin and deeply penetrating into the middle shadow. Condensed this means that there is a wide blackish band more or less filling the area between the antemedian line and the middle shadow. ab.obscura Puchs. Stett. Bnt. Z. 36 p.233 1875* All wings, also body and antennae uniformly covered with a delicate bluish black- grey. Bvery marking is invisible, the undulate line hardly indicated, only the large black discoidal spot of the forewings still very distinct. Fringes of the colour of the wings, a little darkish chequered. ab. semiothisata Lenz. Mitt.munchen Bnt. Ges.8 p.47 I9I7« Ground colour grey-white,dusted with dark grey atoms. Discoidal spot present and connected to the costa with grey. A black transverse band in the basal field and a spot before apex on the costa shaped as in jubata. In this form there is a black- grey semi-1 unular (half -moon shaped) spot below the apex on the outer margin which resembles the one in S. alternaria which gives the wing apex the appearance of being concave. An outer black-grey line which separates the marginal filed a little from the middle field runs quite differently than in normal jubata. This line is only parallel to the margin in its middle third then each end bends sharply towards the base and then goes steeply to the costa and inner mar gin, reaching the costa at a point midway between the discoidal mark and the black 3pot before the apex and widening into a black-grey spot. Between both of the most distinct spots on the costa there is therefore yet a third. Hindwings with weak discoidal spot. . * ' . . * » * A .... » - * - . . . . • . ■ ■ , • .. c ' ' - . - e ... •> - - r «• Geom.263 Boarrnia Tr roboraria Schiff. aberrational forms etc. ab. extincta Wagner. Z.0st.Ent.Ver.5 p.4I 1920. fig. Ground colour brovm- grey, the transverse bands almost completely disappeared. The figure shows the wavy subterminal on both wings but only traces of the postmedian line and no antemedian or basal. ab. nigrof asciata Lempke. TiJdschr.Bnt. 95 p.242 1952. Ground colour blackish, wings with thick distinct postdiscal line, other markings obsolete. ab.infuscata Staudinger. Gat. Ed. 2 p. 165 I87I. Both wings blackish-grey through the heavy black dusting on the light ground colour, the markings still distinct. ab.varia Cockayne. Ent.Rec.60 p. 10 1948. Melanie form, peppered all over with dark scales like the darkest specimens of the preceding infuse at a Stgr. ,but has irregular streaks of the colour and pattern of typical roboraria scattered asymmetrically on all the wings. ab.melaina Schulze. Int.Ent.Z. 6 p.305 1913* Upper and underside unicolorous bright bluish-black, the markings complete, shining through satin-like. ab. illustris Richardson. Ent.Rec. 64 p.269 pi. II f. I 1952. All markings strongly pronounced. Hindwings strikingly banded by a broadening of the ante and postmedian lines. a.b. subtuniformis Lucas. Ent.Ber. (Amst. ) «, i960. 20. p. £30. The underside of both fore- and hindwings (including the ligfrt apex of the forewings) equally greyish. „ , . ■ . ,v. . • .. i ‘ i- ■: hr . . I.', r '■ - ' C O i':i CX-- J.i I no , ' i> i ' . ... , , .o . . ; - . /• .. ~ •' :.. 6 . _ " . ^ \ - ■ , ,&&ai , .... » « Geom. 264. Boarraia Tr. punctinalis Scop. = consortaria F. aberrational forms etc. ab. consobrinaria Borkhausen. Scriba's Beitr. I p.25 pl3 f.2b. 1790. Wings grey with numerous dark atoms, the pale subterminal line very distinct and outwardly bordered with darkish grey, forming a marginal band., on all wings. — pulcherrima Kaucki. Polsk Pismo Snt. p. 123 1920. ab.obsoleta Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 95 P-245 1952- Ground colour not or hardly darkened, nearly all the markings have disappeared. ab.distincta Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt.95 P-243 1952. The two transverse lines on the forewings black, sharp, nowhere interrupted; central shade very distinct, submarginal line sharply contrasting. ab.variegata Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt, 95 p-246 I952* The central shade stronger,the pottmedic,n line on both wings broadly bordered with dark, marginal area darkened. ab. fasciata Wagner. Z.Ost. Snt.Ver.3 p.4I fig. 1920. The transverse markings on both wings are remarkably broadened so that there are broad middle shadovrs. Apart from this the transverse line at border of middle field and the one in the marginal area is broadly dark shadowed, the forewings also have a blackish basal area. All markings seem to be a little suffused. The figure shows three 3uf fused blackish bands on each wing , especially distinct and separated on hindwings , the basal area of the forewings is also dark, the median area of normal pale grey. ab, grisearia Bartel. Iris 15 p.220 1902. Very small, with uniform grey ground colour without any trace of brighter mixing- in. The suffused markings hardly show up. From Orenburg. Probably a local race, Lempke has named the same sort of grey , mar kingLess form as obsoleta,see above. ab. bicolor Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 95 p.246 1952. The basal area of the wings, and on both wings the space between central shade and hindmargin darkened; central band of forewings, (between the first transverse line and central shade) and basal half of hindwings of the normal pale colour. ab. intermedia Lempke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 95 p-246 1952. Ground colour of the wings dark grey, all markings present. ab.humperti Humpert. Snt, Z. 12 p.59 189$. Wings and body beautiful black with very fine white dusting, or brownish with similar dusting.Discoidal mark usually distinctly visible, the outer transverse line in the form of teeth on the veins in a blacker colour, the subterrainal undulate line shows up strongly in silvery white, its dark shadow lost in the dark colour of the wings. ab. nigra Warnecke. Snt. Pdsch. 35 P- 394 1938- More extreme than huraperti,the preceding form. All wings pure black without the white dusting,with only indistinct whitish spots remaining of the submarginal line of the forewings. ab. f lavescens Hannemann. Int.Snt. Z. 14 p. 123 1920, Albinotic. The ground colour yellowish-grey without dusting, „ ■ . . ; ' > sv - » - - « , . * „ . • . - ' ■ I.L +£&x * . v ' „ - V 4 .. ’U' : ’ " . • . : . . - ■ ‘ ■ j . , ■, 31 >■' [ . . . . , .. . Geom. 264 continued P.2. punctinalis Scop, continued ah.myr-tilloides Dannehl. Ent. Z. 47 p. 139 I933» Almost without markings. The outer area uniformly slightly darkened, more contrast¬ ing on the hindwing3,in which the basal field is somewhat lighter than normal. Both fields are more or less strikingly separated by a blackish line. The discoid- al mark distinct. ab. conspicuata Cockayne. Snt. Sec* 54 P. 35 pl.2 f. 3 I9&* Pale weakly marked form with a strongly developed broad wavy subterminal line in both fore and hindwings. The mark like a W at the top of the subterminal line of the forewings is very distinct. This brownish subterminal line is outwardly bordered by the normal pale whitish subterminal. . ' ,s„~ . • - . sri T .e&niafTjun &ucd&iv: feomSA .- ■ " ! ' ■ '■ * DJ - . - - „ ' Geom.265. Ectropis Hbn, crepuscularia Hubn. =biundularia Esp. aberrational forms etc. ab. fas data Wolff. Ent.Med.I9 p.244 pi. I f.20 1935* The figure shows a rather broad antemedian band and a somewhat broader postmedian band of a dark colour on forewings and a broad po3tmedian band on hindwings, the median and subterminal shades are also much heavier than in typical form but not band-like. Wolff gives this name on the assumption that fasciata Reuter ( Peter j belongs to bistortata Goeze. ab.venosa Newstead & Smith. Entomologist 52 p.226 fig. I 1919* General ground colour of the forewings and fringes is almost pure white; the costal mar gins, hindmar gins and nervures are sooty-brown, the last named becoming paler distally and almost disappearing towards the hindmar gins. Hindwings sooty-brown faintly speckled with white, bearing two dark, wavy transverse lin©3,with a broad white band before the outer margin showing sooty-brown nervures; the outer margins and fringes are the same as in the forewings. ab. stovinaria Huggins. Entomologist 91 p.208 1958. Forewing base greyish-drab,the first double line black and completely filled in with no trace of lighter colour. S^sce between first and second lines white, very faintly irrorated with fuscous. The remainder of the wing, including the cilia, black, with the usual lines showing a little darker. Hindwing base to about one third of the breadth of the wing white,very faintly dusted with fuscous. The remainder of the wing, including the cilia, black. ab.varia Cockayne. Ent.Rec.60 p. 10 1948. Like delameremsis B. -White, the following, but with irregular streaks and blotches of the colour and pattern of typical form, scattered asymmetrically on the wings on both sides. ab. detainer ens is Buchanan-White. Entomologist 10 p. 128 1877* Wings smoky. The description is vague, most authors, including Prout and Gockayne,assume it to be the form densely powdered with blackish fuscous that it appears to have a smoky ground colour, with only fine white irroration remaining. ab.nigerrima Dammer. Snt. Z. 46 p.70“7I fig. 2 1932. On forewings the basal field is black as far as the first transverse line, the neighbouring median field as far as the outer transverse line is of a silver-grey colour and crossed by a marrow black median shadow.From the outer transverse lihe out to the greyish-brown fringes, of the same deep black coloration as in the basal field but whilst in the basal field the veins are hardly visible, they are clearly visible in the median and marginal fields in consequence of the black and grey spotting. Hindwings blackish-grey as far as marginal field where they are as black a3 in the forewings; the fringes are somewhat lighter than those of the forewings. ab. nigra Thierry-Mieg. Le Nat. 8 p.237 1886. Wings uniform blackish-fuscous, no white remaining except a slight subterminal line. ab.pallidaria Krulikowsky. Rev.Russe Bnt.9 p.3^3 I909< Extremely pale. 0 a . . . . , . . . . .. - * .* ... ... „ ■’ « . , ' , ,• ' • , » . t • „ ... , , , „ .... . ■ „ J » ■ , : • * » . Geom265 continued, P.2. crepuscularia Hbn. continued, hybrid bacoti Tutt. Brit. Lep.3 p. J2. 1906. Gross between crepuscularia <5 and bistorata 9. hybrid bacoti-3uffusa 'Putt. Brit. Lep.5 p. 3^ 1906. Gross between crepuscularia ab. delaine rens is d and bistortata 9. hybrid mixta Tutt. Brit. Lep.3 P*34 I90&* Gross between bacoti-suffusa d and ridingi-suffusa 9„ hybrid rover sa Tutt. Lep. Brit. 5 P. 35 I90&. Gross between crepuscularia d and ridingi-suffusa 9 . ..." . .» . . - . * . . . . ■ . ,9 ... bistortata Goeze. continued. Greom266 continued. p.2. ab. brunneipennia Cockayne. Ent.Sec. 65 p.24I pi. 13 f*7 ^953* The thorax, abdomen and wings are of a uniform cafe au lait colour with the mark¬ ings present; the submarginal line, which is white in the darker melanic forms, is of the same colour as the rest of the wing. Extremly like obscurata Hein. but possibly not so dark in general tint. ab.diluta Gockayne. Entomologist 83 p.55 pi* I 1950* All the dark brown markings of both wings are replaced by buff, making the wings almost unicolorous; the dark brown scales elsewhere are also replaced by buff, Albinistic form comparable to G. cine tar ia ab. schulzei Hein. gen. aest. strigularia Stephens. Ill.Haust. 3 p. I92 IS31* Stephens gives this name for the smaller summer brood form occurring in England. hybrid, ridingi Tutt. Brit.Lep.5 p. 33 I90&* Cros3 between bistortata c f and crepuscularia 9. hybrid ridingi-suffusa Tutt. Brit.Lep.5 P*32 1906. Gross between bistortata 0« For swings with a continuous pale margin reaching inwards as far as the subtermin¬ al line and containing the usual white spot. Occurs in ab. intermedia but rarely, and is not so sharply apparent because of the pale back-ground. Oommomer in ab.variegata and very uncommonly in ab. cornels eni. ab. cornels eni Hoffmann. Int.Ent. Z.2 p.38» 1908. = heckeli Ffau. Int.Ent. Z. 22 p. 195 pi. figs. Bow 5 & & c. 1928. 3ee next page. - • •' . . ,• .. . - , . . , ' O « «>■ O * * ■ * * : , , - • • . f! ■ « ’ , « c , «■ . - - « » - ■ . e » . * „ Geom. 268. p.2. extersaria Hbn. continued. ab.cornelseni Hoffmann. Int.Ent.Z.2 p.38 1908. = heckeli Pfau. Int.Znt. Z.22 p. 193 pi. How 3 figs, a & c. 1928. Ground colour black, no trace of sprinkling or of the middle shadow, the veins and inner transverse stripe deeper black. Beyond the middle a white transverse stripe runs from costal margin to inner margin, the lower part strongly broadened. The white undulate line does not reach the costal margin, ending just below the apex. The soot-like widening in the middle of this undulate line is pure white. Hind wing.: unicol orous black- grey, beyond the middle a somewhat lighter stripe. All fringes shiny grey. ab. strandi Pfau. Int. Bnt, Z.23 p. 133 1929. = heckeli Pfau. Int.Ent. A23 p. 41 I929 (nec.vol.22 p. 193. description changed, ) Almost completely black, without the white marginal spot which is present in ab. comelseni. ab.inalbata Oberthur. Lep. Comp. 7 p.283 pi. iyi f . 1675 19 13. The usual white spot in the margin of the forewings is completely absent. Hie wings lack the usual variegated appearance, pale brownish with three transverse black clear-cut s triples in the median area of the forewings,rather closely approximated. , •• • .. • • z ' . If , . . ; , , . . » . . „ - L: ■ ... .. . . ' . . Geom. 269< Aethalura McDunnough, punctulata Schiff. =punctularia Hbn. aberrational forma etc. ab„ albescens Prout. Seitz 4 p.379 1915* Whitish, almost entirely without black dusting. ab. obscuraria Paux. Bull. Sci. Prance et Belg.35 p*587 1901. Unieolorous greyish-black. ab.marginata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p*253 I952* Outer area of both wings darkened. ab,intermedia Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 95 P*253 I952* Ground colour of the wings dark grey. , markings visible. ab. trilineata Bruckova Acta. Snt.Mus. Nat. Prague (Sbornik)23 p. 123 1945. Porewings with three sharp contrasting dark lines. ab. semivirgata Cockayne. Entomologist 83 p.55 pi* I f.6 1950. The basal and antemedian lines of the forewings are fused together to form a conspicuous dark band. Specimens with the lines closely approximating may be included, as they are probably determined by the same gene. ab. slmpliciaria Gozmany. Folia ent.Hing. (M.S. )2 p.62 I947. ab. adu stella Bruckova. Acta Ent.Mus. Nat. Prague 23 p.123 1945. ab. silbernageli Bruckova. Acta. Ent.Mus. Nat. Prague 23 p. 12 3 1945. ab. obenbergeri Bruckova. Acta Bnt.Mus. Nat. Prague 23 p.123 1945 . . ■ ^Isxttne J,BOBtIjs,ritxixrf ■» < . , * , . . . . : .h . ■ . ‘ • . . t • A •< « . cw « C , , X . ,0 ■ ■ >1 . . ScL * , / ■ - - / \ . '7 xdo.o'i- si... '■ fXiJ.G. o o e ' * ■ ■ . . o Geom. 27O. continued, p.2. obacurata Schiff. continued ab. saturata Prout. Trans. City Lond.Ent. Nat. Hist. Soc. (1903 ) p.38 1904. = atra Linstow. Berl.Fnt. Z.53 P*^39 1909* Intense and almost uniform black. ab.mediorhenana Fuchs. Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. 37 P* 41 1904. pl.2 f. 13. Blackish, almost without pattern, instead of bands there are lighter or heavier spots. ab.pallidemarginata Oberthur. Lep. Comp. 7 p.667 pi. 180 f. I738 I9I3» The margins of both wings, from the subterminal line outwards, pale grey, the rest of the wings brownish-grey in contrast. ab. bivinctata Fuchs. Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. 33 P*53 1900. Forewings with the transverse lines of the forewings very heavy, the external one continuing on the hindwings. ab.approximata Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt.93 p.260 1934. ( descript. vol. 90 p. 147) The two transverse lines of the forewings are close together, ab.vizzavonae,doronis and deblonayi Schawerda all belong to the Corsican 3ubsp. bellieri Oberthur which shows a white spot in the distal area of the forewings, these aberrations therefore do not occur in British races. ab. gouini Lhomme. Gat. Lep. France (Paris) p.424 I923. White, also the middle ringed- spots are lacking. a e * o- ft . - . - - '•ft \* , . . ‘OC - . . o- ' . . .... - b > 3 • . ' -#V> $ Cl . Geam.270 Gnophos Tr, obscurata Schiff. = obscuraria Hbn. aberrational forms etc. ab.mundata Front. Trans. City Lond.Ent. Nat. Hist. Soc. ( 1903 ) p.38 1904. Almost pure white, with virtually no markings , excepting the annulets. Prout cites the figure in Barrett pi. 305 f. Ie & If, which shows the two transverse lines and annulets sharp and clear, on -a white ground. ab. calceata Staudinger. Cat. Ed. I p.72 I86l. Wings cinereous, pale ashy, the black lines distinct, freckling somewhat sparse. The ground colour is white but the freckling gives the insect a pale grey to grey appearance. ab. fasciata Prout. Trans. City Lond.Ent. Nat. Hist. Sdc. ( 1903) p.38 1904. = bicolor Oberthur. Lep.Gomp.7 P.308 pi. 179 f.I75& 1913* Inner and outer areas pale, the median area considerably darkened to form a band. ab.wooaiata Prout. Trans. City Lond.Ent. Nat. Hist. 3oc. (I 90 3) p.38 1904. Ground colour pale as in calceata 3tgr. ,but the freckling considerably denser, resulting in a darker and greyer effect,frequently accompanied by a decreasing indication of the black transverse lines. See Barrett pi. 305 f . Io. ab.argillacearia Staudinger. Cat.Ed.2 p. l66 I87I. Sandy or almost reddish in colour. ab.pullata Duponchel. Pap.de Prance 3 pi. 185 f. 6 1827-29. = dilucidaria Stephens. Ill.Haust.3 P.267 I829-3I. The ground colour heavily sprinkled with brownish atoms, the transverse lines distinct and black. Stephens dilucidaria has the wings cinereous, thickly sprinkled with blackish- brown dots, the forewings with two obscure lines composed of blackish dots, the hindwings with one. Possibly darker brown than pullata Dup. so that the transvers lines are not so clear. obscurata Schiff ermuller. Syst.Verz.p. 108 1775* = lividata P. Mant.2 p.199 I787. - obscuraria Hbn. Eur. Schmett. Geora.pl. 27 f . 146 I79&"99« The type form according to most authors is medium grey with the lines well expressed. ab. anthracinaria Esper. Eur. Schmett. 5 p. 127 pi. 25 f.3 & 5 1799. (fig* carbonaria) Sather dark grey as the result of heavy sprinkling of blackish-grey dots or dusting, with a very slight tinge of brown. ab. uniformat a Prout. Trans, City. Lond.Ent. Nat. Hist. Soc. (1903) P*37 1904. Shining grey with little or no black freckling and the lines very weakly express € ab. quaaripustulata Donovan. Brit. Ins. 13 p.63 pi. 463 f . I & 2. 1808, The main feature, as the name implies, is the white pupil to each ringed spot on all four wings. These are greyish, glossed with purple, with a common irregular line of transverse dots. ab. obscur iata Prout. Trans. City Lond. Ent. Nat. Hist. Soc. ( 1903 ) p. 38 1904. = obscuraria Hubner. Eur. Schmett. Geom.pl.27 f. I4o 1796—99. Dark grey or blackish yet somewhat variegated, traces of the pale ground still perceptible and the black transverse lines generally well visible. Prout named this dark form presumably because Hubner 3 figure was meant to represent the typical form, but is much darker. * - - ■ - » ■ - • ' ' . : . . » : ' .■ , -- « , .. .. ... = » , .. 4 . , * - - .- . - . , . ‘ ,< . „ . , .. .. ,~k ■ IC - . , c a ... . few •- c - . j « •* * „ , . . . . . • c ■ e . r. . <• » .... , .... Geom.271. Gnophos Tr. myrtillata Thnbg. aberrational forms etc. ab. anastomosis Strand. Nyt. Mag. ITaturv. (1904) p.42. The markings sharply black, the two transverse lines of the forewing3 touch each other below the middle and then separate again. ab. inter rupta Hein. Z.0st.Ent.V9r. 13 p.6l fig. 2 1928. The inner and outer transverse lines of the forewing run from the costa to about the middle of the wing where they stop and are jbined by a horizontal black streak. The lines are then concjletely interrupted by an area not confined within lines at all, after which the lines appear again but are filled with black to form a rectangular mark on the inner margin. The outer transverse line is also, abnormal in that it starts just above the discoidal spot and actually touches it on its way down to the horizontal streak. ab. cyanea Osthelder. Schmett. Sudbayern p.325 1931* Almost unicolorous grey-blue to dark blackish blue. Possibly oonfined to Continental race. ab. irrorata Osthelder. Schnett. Sudbayern. p.525 193 I* The greyish dusting, of the normal male, is only sprinkled on the light ground colour, which shows through. Coroaon in the female. Type »■■ » * # - ■ 0 « G-eom. 273 Pachycnemxa Staph. hippocastanaria Hbn. aberrational forms etc. ab.degenerata Hubner. Eur. Schmett. Geom. pi. ~}8 f . 405. 1809“ 13* The figure shows the forewings unicolorous dark brown and the transverse lines absent except for the first, or costal, part of the basal line. The hindwings are yellowish with a trace of brown with a wide fuscous border. ab. nigrescens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p.314 1952. Ground colour of the wings darkened, black-grey. gen. ae3t. aestiva Hannemann. Z.Wiss. Ins.biol.9 p.97 1913* The summer gener ation, smaller than spring form. ab.gouini Fremont. Proc, Sac. lin. Bordeaux 79 p.4I 19^7 . . ■ ' : • sr ■ i v .. ■ ... . , - . , • ■■ b* . * . - , ■ ■ ’ . . ■ , - ■ , » - Snaturga Lederer. Geom.274. atomaria L. aberrational forms etc. 9 ab.virilis Stauder. Int. Ent. Z. 9 p. l6 1915* - anomalaria Vorbrodt.& Muller Hutz. Mitt* Schweiz Ent. Bes. 12 p.490 1917* = brunnea Maslowsky. Polsk.Pismo Ent. 2 p.I33 I923« = mariscolore. Gulot. Larab.29 p.2 1929. (Culot Geom.pl. 65 f • 1296. ) The colour of the wings ochre-yellow, the colour of the normal males. ab. nocturna Stauder. Int. Ent. Z. 9 p* l6 1915* For swings almost unicolorous dark brown-black, only in the middle field a hardly visible brownish— yellow sprinkling.Hindwings unicolorous brown-black without any yellowish mixing. Fringes white chequered, antennae and abdomen black, the latt¬ er a little light yellowish sprinkled. ab. unicoloraria Staudinger. Gat. Ed. 2 p. I7I I87I. All wings completely fuscous, fringes yellow chequered. ab.ustaria Fuchs. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 62, p. 134 1901. Male. Ochreous yellow, darKened by the numerous irrorations, especially on the forewings, so that the markings show only as shadowy indistinct traces. Only in the middle of the margin of the forewing is an area without brown irrorations, appearing as a yellow spot. ab.caloraria Stauder. Int.Ent.Z.I4 p.37 1920. - gynaekoides Heinrich. Dtsch.Snt.Z. 1 923 Beift.p. I 12 Males with predominant light yellow, dirty whitish and therefore female ground colour. The transverse markings much reduced, in one specimen the entire basal field and middle field of the forewings are yellow-white. Extreme specimens may be called caloraria. ab. contrasta Lempke. 'Tijdschr.Ent. 95 P«255 1932. Female with not brown— black or dark brown lines but deep black, sharply contrast¬ ing with, the white ground colour. ab. nigrescens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p.255 I952* Male with the markings of the wings blackish, spaces between the transverse lines powdered with black. ab. latelineata Biez&nko. Arch. Nat urg. 90 A 5 P*242 pi. 2 f. 6 1924. Female. Ground colour whitish-yellow, the transverse lines chocolate, the ones in the middle field very broad, 2 ran. broad at the costal margin of the forewings and at the inner margin of the hindwings. The markings very distinct. ab.melanostigna Stauder. Int. Ent. Z. 14 p. 38 1920. On all four wings there are clearly developed large black— brown middle points. ab.fallax Stauder. Int. Ent. Z. 14 p.38 1920. Intensification of the dark elements at the apex of the forewings and a bri^it- ening of the basal and middle fields ,therei ore resembling oh© <3 01 B.pinaria ab.pseudoglarearia Stauder. Int. Ent. Z. 14 p. 37 1920. Females not larger than Ghiasma glarearia Brhm. and virtually similarly marked and coloured. G. glarearia is figured in Seitz 4 pi. 23 K fig. 3. ab. dent aria Stauder. Int. Ent. Z. 14 p. 37 1920. All or most of the transverse bands appear to be beautifully serrated. - • «. ... , J' ■ , _ . . . - . . ■ - * • • - » „ . =TOT >r rt c • - - » . < ; ■ 4id • . ■ ’ *■ «•" - ■ . « - ■■■ m - ■ 3 ; * •■■■■• JtJ »^Tsi e r< . . v . ..... ...•. . so i 8 - „do :e. po.y " ~ v- . Z£-.i. •:.• * . . •• * - , • « - • •> * <• . »•" >. ■ - - ;. • , . ' - - * ... - ' ■' : : c- . . .r-s-v T t :t. •.. •• * • ” * c „ . '■ ■ ■ ' " , ■ . . . > I*: . & « ■> • •• * . . t - ! . V atomaria L* continued. Geom.274 continued. p.2. ab. ophthalmaria Stauder. Int.Snt. Z. 14 p. 3^920. Very common form. Be cause of the positioning of the middle bands on tne forewings a distinct eye of ground colour arises on the costal margin. This presumably means that the second transverse line unites with the lirst median line in the middle of the wing, cutting of a roundish patch of ground colour which is bouded by the costa, some authors regard it as showing a small eyz enclosed in the costal part of the antemedian line, but this is not common. ab. bistrigaria Heydemann. Int.Snt. Z.24 p.l60 pi. 3 f.62 1930* The two outer lines of the forewings run parallel with each other and with the outer margin and are continued on the hindwings. The other bands are only 3 lightly indicated. Ihe figure shows these two parallel lines standing out in striking contrast to the rest of the wing. ab.pseudoclathrata Heydemann. Int.Snt. Z. 24 p. 162 pi. 3 f. 68-69 1930. The postmedian and submarginal of the forewings, of ten also the antemedian line; are connected across the middle of the wing by a thick horizontal dark brown stripe so that the marking resembles a letter H. ab.fasciata Heqyist. Ent.Tidskr.7i p.4I 1950. Pore and hindwings with a broad brown outer marginal band from fringe to submarginal line. ab.mediofasciata Nordstrom. Svenska Fjarilar 1941 p.3H pi. 44 f. 8b. The transverse lines in the middle of the forewings united to form a dark, broad middle band. ab. unimarginata Cornelsen. Int.Ent.Z. 16 p.2I3 1923. On the upper side the inner transverse lines fail, only the submarginal line remains. ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 P.25& 1952. The three inner transverse lines of the forewings are joined at the inner margin ab. tenuilineata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 P.255 1952. The transverse lines very thin, the dark striae in the male also thin and pale ab.praeclara Cockayne. Entomologist 73 p. 97 figs,p,98 1940. The notable feature of this form is the complete absence of brown speckling on the wings and the absence of the submarginal band. The basal and two median lines of the forewings and the two median lines of the hindwings are clearly defined in deep chocolate-brown, the fringes chequered with ground colour and deep brown. ab. ochrearia Rebel. Berger’s Schmett. 1910 p. 414. (Barrett pl.283 f. Ih. ) Unicolorous ochre-yellow, completely without markings. ab. albicans Bubacek. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.Wien 74 p. (10) 1924. Female with the ground colour of all wings white, sparsely sprinkled with brown- black. Forewings with three transverse lines, the outer two confluent at the inner margin. Hindwings with two transverse lines. Marginal field pale from which the chequered fringes stand out very clearly. ab. zetterstedtaria Heydemann. Int.Snt. Z.24 p. 149 1930* The ground colour of the male not whitish but grey-yellow or dirty ochreous- yellow with strong dark brown dusting. Regarded as a subspecies by most authors, but Lempke includes it in Ills aberrat¬ ions. . Qmihfaoo * • . "j.- ■ ■ . i u ii. ■Jx> ■ „ „ V . * 3 bo JLe-taoo ©jfcfr id* Bezoloae ) ii-J . . . •=■ . . . * m ef££ oe eqind-a - • . «-■ • ■i e * , . ©Si-i. . . « t‘ .! -- i ’ • * ' • - - ' ' • . . ■ ■ . ■ " - - - .. , C . . » « r o . . , - - . , m: ( rt£ £jr. » • . ' . .1 Geom.274 continued P-3. atomaria L. continued. ab. kind erv atari Schawerda. Z.Ost.Ent.Ver. 14 p. 119 19^9- The first and third dark brown transverse lines of the forewing are present but the second or middle one is completely absent. Ground colour ochreous -grey, the lines contrasting strongLy.On hindwings the transverse band outside the discoid- al spot is strongly developed. ab.felicis Krausse. Arch. Naturg. 81 A 5 P- l66 1915- Female# The ground colour white, only the dark bands margined with delicate pale yellow are in strong contrast. Presumably there is no dark dusting. subsp.minuta Heydemann. Int.Snt.Z. 18 p.269 pi* I figs.5“I2 1925. According to Heydemann this race inhabits the whole of England; this is not correct since in the south the typical atomaria occurs. The race is smaller, the ground colour of the males white to yellowish-white, in the typical form these are yellowish-brown. ab. nigra Sehnaider. Polsk.Pismo.Snt. 19 p.250 > ' - . ' < 0 » <>•' » . - *becrof©VV5r. %. : j v'oce If- • ' ' - - - . ' . - ■ ; , ' - . * . *•■ . , ' , * Geom.275 p. I. Bupalis Leach. piniaria L. aberrational forma etc. ab.flaveacens B. -White. Scot. Nat. 3 p.3&7 I87&. Male form with the ground colour decidedly yellow, the markings normal. In the typical form the ground colour is white. ab. kolleri Dziurzynski. Berl.Ent.Z.57 P*8 pi. Hf.9 1912. Male form with white ground colour and showing a black unbroken transverse stripe on forewings,often becoming a black-brown band. ab. dziurzynski! Eoller. Int.Ent. Z. 5 p. 341 1912. Male with the ground colour yellow as in flavescens B. -White, and showing an unbroken stripe on the forewings similar to that in the preceding kolleri Dziur. ab.nana Dziurzynski. Berl.Ent. Z.57 P*9 pi. I f. 8 X9I2» Dwarf form of flavescens B. -White. The name would obviously apply to any form of the species. ab.tristis Dziurzynski. ( nom*prsoc. Thierry-Mieg) Berl.Ent.Z.57 p.9 pi. 2 f.r/1912 Male. Dark form without alteration of the typical ground colour, in some specimens the wings almost completely black, the white ground only being retained in the middle of the wing. Here also belong forms in which the hindwings are completely black and the forewings only somewhat darker, sometimes the black scaling of the hindwings is mixed with white. ab.tristis Thierry-Mieg. Le Nat. 6 p.437 1884, Male. Entirely very dark grey-black,with slight grey paler areas in the places corresponding to the yellow blotches of the normal form. Fringes grey, chequered with black. ab. anomalaria Huene. Berl. Ent. Z. 4$ p. 317 pl.6 f.5 1901* Male. Ground colour of the wings dirty light brown, the apical area and distal margins somewhat darker. Very similar to the preceding form but apparently not so dark. ab. nigricaria Backhaus. Ent. Nachr.7 p.277 1881. Male. and female. Unicolorous black,leaving only the markings visible on the "backside" , presumably the underside. ab. nigricans Dziurzynski, Berl.Ent.Z.57 P*9 pl.2 f. II 191^. Male. The ground colour of flavescens yellow tint is extensively restricted, on the forewings the ground colour only shows as on the hindwings, sometimes it is more or less visible in the middle of the wings also. The figure shows the yellow on the forewings restricted to the basal area with a very slight tint of brownish— yellow faintly showing in the postmedian area. ab. albopuncta Dziurzynski. Berl. Ent. Z.57 p.IO pl.2 f.I4 1912, Mai©. Unicolorous brown, at the base a little lighter but without any marking. Only at the hinder part of the forewings is a roundish white or yellowish spot which also shows on the underside. ab. albomacula Dziurzynski. Berl.Ent.Z.57 P.IO pl.2 f. 15 1912. ^ funebris Cockayne. Entomologist ~/2 p.284 fig. p.285 1939* Male. Upper side of forewing showing a white spot, and a white stripe, or streak, below it, all that remains of the normal white area, the rest of the wing dark brown. Hindwings showing a white, rather long, streak from near the base outwards almost to the margin. Cockayne did not state ground colour in funebris.^/ ^ ab. f l&vomaculata Hannemann. Int. Ent. Z. II P.o3 1917. ? Marking as in the preceding albomacula but with the ground colour yellow. . • . . r> - * - * no * a! i; * • ■ . . » ■“ . »r:o.t 'V/y.it oo' \Xcfr.i vX6.uo ■ - 5 - ' . ■ . ' 0 . ! I I.' . , ..... . . < . ' •: c * C a 4 c* „ i - » " , » • . . . C9 • « * - « ■ • '"-v jO?'' '0.:. ... J o ... *» ft ■ : . « • » » * i ' ■ . . * * - » Geom.275 continued. p.2. piniaria L. continued. ab. hirschkei Dziurzynski. Berl. Bnt. Z. 57 p.H 1912. pi. 2 f . l6. Male. Ground colour yellowish-white, the brown marking runs from the tip of fore¬ wing down along the distal margin,the tip not black or brown as in the typical f orm. The two transverse stripes on the forewing resemble a double "comma" but do not reach the inner margin. The figure shows the wings pale yellowish-brown with a narrow outer margin, a narrower brown inner margin and two rather curved transverse stripes, the median reaching the brown border of the inner margin but the postmedian only half the length. Hindwings pale yellov/ish-brown with a yellow middle 3treak from centre of wing to the margin, and two transverse brown bands with another on the margin. ab. nivalis Dziurzynski. Berl. Bnt. 2. 57 p. II pl.2 f. 19 1912* Male. The ground colour pure white, the usual black basal stripe and also the two transverse stripes on the hindwings covered over with white dusting. ab. inmacula Dziurzynski. Berl. Bnt. Z. 57 P*H pl*2 f. 18 1912. Male. The characteristic basal streak on the forewings completely fails. ab. albidaria Dziurzynski. Berl. Bnt. Z. 57 P. 12 pi. 2 f.20. 1912. Male. The palest form, the brown-black area is pushed outwards towards the edges of the wings so that the yellow-white area is much increased. The figure shows the forewing pale yellow with a brown margin, half its normal width on the costa, narrowing to its normal width just above the tornus.The usual basal streak is present. ab.bergeri Dziurzynski. Z.Ost.Bnt.Ver. 3 p.57 fig; 3 1918. Similar to the cf form hirschkei Dzr. but the ground colour is brownish yellow or leather-yellow. See hirschkei (above) ab. flavescens Dziurzynski. Z.Ost.Bnt.Ver. 3 p.58 fig. p.57 1918. Dziurzynski describes this as the female of flavescens B. -White, with the ground¬ colour of flavescens males. There is no reason to suppose the females of this form are yellow, indeed they are not, as flavescens is the common form in the south of England but the females are very rarely yellow. ab. costimaculata Lempke. Tijdschr. Bnt. 95 P»258 I952. Male. The dark apical spot of the forewings is reduced to a rather broad dark band along the outer border, and a dark costal spot which is still connected with the marginal band by some dark suffusion. ab.wolffi Krausse. Arch. Naturg. 81 A 5 P.I&6 1915. Male. The light colour of the costal margin of the forewing is yellow but the pale blotches going out from the base pure white, as axe the blotches on the hindwings. Fringes also white* ab, bun alo ides Strand. Arch. Naturg. 85 A 4 p.34 1920. Male. The ground colour yellow and much reduced so that on the hindwings there r remains only two irregular blotches, arranged longitudinally in areas 4 and 5* whilst the spots on the forewings are only about half as large as usual, irregul¬ arly bounded, and dark dusted. Tsubsp.mughus&ria Gumppenberg. Syst. Geom. ( Nov a Acta K.Leop. -Carol. Dtsch. Akad. Mat f XLIX No. 4 p.385 (157) 1887.) According to the author the subsp63i.es occurring in Scotland and Tirol. Male. Smaller, not irrorated with fuscous, blotches paler and ending diffusely. The description seems hardly sufficient* Fiefrdjer* c-onsiders is &-> onLy o.pp ■in a n u p 650 » ° - ■ o ■ <■ « - - • » t «- - ' ; - - ; L ' - J - . ' : 4 . . . . , • ■ . 4 , , . m . I Tm ’ ' : ' ■ - to ■' - ■ . . . . 1 n , • ■ , ■ ii m f ■ o' . - ' , ' , V • , .4 - . ' » 4 V , ■ bairn . e . • ' « • . .. I ■. , ■ >. •, \ i • . - ' , ■ 4 , 7: • ' - • : . . ■. + ii piniaria L. continued Greora. 275 continued. p.3* ♦ ab.flavomughusaria Dziurzynski. Berl. Ent. Z. 57 P*II 1912. Specimens of the preceding mughu3aria &nppg.with the ground colour yellow insteac of white. . I , rt\- Geom.275. continued, P4i Bupalis Leach, piniaria L, aberrational forms etc, continued. ab. rautheri Kr ausse. Arch. Naturg. 81 A 5 P. l66 1915. Female form, unicolorous grey without markings. ab. fuse ant aria Krulikovsky. Soc. Ent.23 p.I2 1908, Female form, the normal rust-brown to orange -yellow ground colour is covered over by a more or less dark brownish, or rarely,blackiah. ab, fulvar ia Dziurzynski. Berl.Ent. Z.57 P*7 pl.I f.4 1912. Female form with the ground colour dark rust-yellow, therefore darker than the typical form, the apical field of the forewings brownish-black, as is the distal border of the hindwings. The transverse stripes of the forewing are absent or only weakly indicated. ab. strigata Dziurzynski. Berl.Ent.Z.57 P*8 pi. I f.5 1912. Of the same colour as fulv aria, the preceding, but with a black, unbroken transvers stripe on the forewings; there is often a second such stripe running parallel with the first. ab. unicolora Strand. Schriften Naturf. Ges. Danzig, M.Folge, 10 p.28p 192 X. Female form with unicolorous deep ochre-yellow wings. Presumably without any markings at all. ab. inversa Schulze. Int.Bnt.Z.6 p.33& X9X3« Female form with dirty white ground colour, the mar Icings dark brown and sharply contrasted , more resembling that of the male. ab.fusco strigata Dziurzynski. Z.0st.Ent. Ver.3 p.58 fig. p, 37 1918. Female. The markings as in strigata Dzr. (above) but the ground colour grey to grey-brown, instead of dark rust-yellow. - „ I * * , . • , „ - » , » . . . . 0 » , » . . ' * 5 .is. . * c . , „ . . ■ «. , ... ... « . . AiJ.’ '. .. e Geom. 276 Selidosema Hbn. brunnearia Villers. =ericetaria Villers. aberrational forms etc. =pl urn aria Schiff. subsp. scandinaviaria Staudinger. Cat.Ed. 3 p.35I 1901. British specimens are included in this race with the exception of a local race in Co. Tyrone, Ireland. subsp. tyronensis Cockayne. Ent. Sec.6o p.79 1948. Characterized by its small size, narrower dark margins and fainter middle shade. ab.fumosa Greer. Entomologist 34 p.284 1921. Almost black on all wings. ab. intermedia-fumosa Turner. Ent.2ec.33 P« 37 1921. 'Transitional to the preceding fumosa Greer, The light ground colour, so far as it is 3een,lies in irregular patches and streaks on both wings,across the disc black marking is scattered mainly in irregular ill-defined streaks, the black predominating, especially in the marginal areas, of the forewings. Hindwings with less black streaking and asymmetrical. ab.deumbrata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.93 p.24-5 1952. The central shade of the forewings fails completely. ab, depuncta Nitsche. Verh. zool. -hot. Ges. Wien 64 p. (I63) 1914. = .depuncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent.95 P.244 1952. The dark central spot on the forewings fails. Lempke named this form under brunnearia because Hitche’s depuncta was Austrian and therefore belonged to plum aria Schiff. which Lempke claims is & separate species ab. demarginata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 P.243 1952. The dark band along the outer margin of all wings fails. ab. oelandica Wahlgren. Ent. Tidskr.34 p. 1 65 fig. 2 1913. Ground colour ash-grey, the inner transverse line distinct, the outer half of the middle field completely filled up by a dark brown transverse band bordered! on both sides with black, the marginal band broad. Hindwings with weak broad middle band and a narrow marginal band. ab. granataria Harabur, Cat. Lep. Andalousi pi. 17 f*5 The median shade of the forewings is reduced to three separate spots, the marginal bands pale, the subteaaminal wavy line unusually distinct. ab. pallidaria Staudinger. Cat. Ed. 3 p. 351 1901. Greyish-white, the lines obsolete or weak. ab. aragonensis Schawerda. Z. Ost. Ent. V er. 12 p.36 1927. Black-brown form. In two specimens the dark brown predominates, in others black- brown. The specimens with dark brown ground also have a broad blackish marginal filed. Hindwings unicolorous black-brown and underside black-grey. Some specimens have a black middle band and a similar subterminal band. Female unicolorous black- brown. The form has nothing in common with pyrenearia Bsd. ,and is without any trace of a pale subterminal line. Described as an aberration but may well be a Spanish race. ab. semivirgata Cockayne. Ent. Hec. 65 p.242 pi. 13 f . 15 1953* On the forewing the second or median line is displaced towards the base and united with the first line to form a broad band; the discoidal spot is external to it instead of lying in the median line as usual. . «S -S • V . .. ■ r.i-JJ’U: * . » , , :T. . : . « hi . : . . . ■ ; ' : ... * . ■ - ' - „ ' ,0 : ; „ . :/ , l . I'''-.: .• »V£.a&r$ bnooe fcjrua i-iiiSt ; v : . J hv ddod no eai£ su>.b&ss&r, oq 9d& bn& , lac k o , I ' • 6 c- « A*-'1- , ■ , e auoloo oo at. J. hit. 5 O *f Cl , c> o v © Geom.281. Aspitates Tr. gilvaria F. aberrational forma etc. ab.vittata Cockayne. Ent.Sec. 65 p.242 pl.I3 f.I3 1953* On the forewings the oblique postmedian line is increased in width to form a broad band, which is ill-defined on its distal aspect. A band on the hindwings is a little wider than usual. ab. suffusa Cockayne. Snt.Rec.65 p.242 pi. 13 f. 14 1953* The "ground colour of the forewings is normal, but so heavily powdered with dark scales of the same colour as the oblique stripe, that little of it is visible. The area just internal to the oblique stripe is the least powdered. Underside is darker. ab.conspersaria Staudinger. Cat. Ed. 3 p.357 1901. The ground colour more or less heavily sprinkled with fuscous. ab, sublataria Fuchs. Jahrb, Nassau. Ver, Nat. 53 p.56 1900. The upperside of both wings markingless. The underside of both wings with a strong brown discoidal spot. ab. nigricans Jourdhoulle, Mem. Soc. Acad. Aube 47 p. Ill X883. [ Almost or quite unicolorous fuscous. ab.fuscedinaria Fuch3. Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. 52 p. I52 1899. All wings upper and underside dusted thick rust-brown, upperside of hindwings finer. Must be very similar to suffusa Cockayne but redder in tint, subsp. burrenensis Cockayne. Ent. Gaz.2 p. 100 pi. 2 x.p-8 I9oI* The race from the Burren, Co. Clare, Ireland. 1 3 S old » » , ... » . - ■■ .... . :: ■. j « ■ , . .to:'' i&h c ' 1 * ... . re . ... . . '• • .i' A co "isStmiz ’vtxov ad JbjjM . ... , . ■ 1 . * . > Geom.282 continued p.2. strigillaria Hbn, continued. ab. f uscomarginata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 p.268 I952* On the fore and hindwings the space between the submarginal line and the fringe is darkened so that a dark marginal band is formed. ab. reducta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p.268 I952* One or more of the transverse lines fail. Sometimes the inner line on the forewing sometimes the first two lines, and the inner line on the hindwings, sometimes the second line on forewings and the inner line on the hindwings and finally the outer line may fail. Rarely in the £ ieffi o& bei * -■ . " . « >'■: ■- , :/;o .. • ::: - . . . , ■ . .id , ■* . ssiiij , ,.d » . .. .. . . . . . : . . . . . . , . - - * ~ *qad Jja&Ix - . . . »e . • ■ ■ ■ . . Geom. 282. Perconia Hbn. strigillaria Hbn. aberrational forms etc. ab. fuscata Hannemann. Int. Ent. Z. II p. c>3 19 Unicolorous grey-brown without any trace of the white ground colour. ab. grisearia Staudinger, Gat.Ed. 2 p. I7P IQJI* _ _ Rather densely powdered with brown-grey, so that the pale ground colour is clearly visible in the shape of small specks. Transverse lines distinct. The female densely covered with brown-grey striae, but much less than in the male, the white ground colour visible, transverse lines distinct. . , Lcmpke gives the description in Tijdschr.Snt.95 p. 267, having seen otaudingero Types. 1 ab.obscura Lenpke. Tijdschr.Ent, 95 p.2o6 1952. Markings strongly darkened, the striae black- grey, the transverse lines blackish, ab. contrasts Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 95 p.2o7 1952. _ Female. The white ground colour finely speckled with dark, the transverse lines very dark, sharply contrasting. ab.diluta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p.2b8 1952. . „ _ . . All the markings strongly bleached, but yet distinctly of the tint of the hut and British subsp.fuscosignaria Lenpke. ab.herpeticaria Rambur. Gat. Lep.Andalus.pl. 21 f. I. I8p8. _ The figure shows the first and second transverse lines of the forewing meeting, or united, at the inner margin, forming a triangle. ab. dilatata Strand. Ent. Z. 25 p.25® 1912. , , , The first and second transverse lines of the forewing strongly broadened and darkened, and give the impression of a single dark brown band. ab.armoris Oberth. Lep. Comp. 20 p.281 pi. DLXI f. 4830=31 J923« , Oberthur names the "Var. A" of Guenee. (3p. G.X p. 181 no. 1215. ) The description of this reads — Li^it brown shade over the whole of forewings as far as ,he subterminal, which this forms in some measure the shadow of the cubit. Female has the space between the median shadow and cubit almost entirely billed with brown. Oberthurs figure is also an aberration of the markings in the male specimen, ne first and second transverse lines uniting in the middle and running down to the inner margin as a single brown line. ab. quadripunctata War ne eke. Z» Wien. Ent. Ges.29 p.2p0^I9H. A disco idal spot present on all wings on the upperside. ab. basiapproximata Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 9 0 P*^7 *95^. The first and second transverse line of the forewings run close together. ab. discoapproximata Lemoke. Tijdschr.Ent. 99 p.^o/ 19. -. . , +h On the forewings the second transverse . line runs close to the third and on the hind wings the basal one close to the middle one. ab. crassesignata Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 95 P.-0/7 ^952. Wings with thick heavy transverse lines. ab. centrifasciata Lempke. The second transverse line Tijdschr.Ent. 95 p.268 I952. , . of the forewings and the basal one of tne hindwings broadened to a dark band. •' }(■ r>»- * I ■ ;• i • ?• pi > • ■ mmm iMligllii fWiii&V.iH; !r:\.*n54' i? ■. :;: : ■ .■•/.: :v.;\y. ; ■.. 'hUU.. ■ I ^ vK 1*^1 ' Ijl- 'JP£ .' ■■ ' ?>•$*'