Natural History Museum Library 000193960 v 1 Always open this Binder by turning back the covers in the manner illustrated and with the bottom one resting on desk or table, gently lever open the spring back with the top board. A manilla insert is provided into which all loose papers should be placed to facilitate insertion into the spring back. The Binder must not be opened by pulling the covers apart. W hen re-ordering, please quote No. 3 ABERRATIONAL AND SUBSPECIFIC FORMS OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA BY A. L. GOODSON & D, K. READ. "f 1 I) FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Volume 9 Noctuidae Part 3 A i' i \ i - " - - Aberrational Forms Noctuidae Vol. 3* Index to Species. af finis Hon. see diffinis Linn. 249. affinis Linn. C. 248. algae Bsp. N. 264. alsines Brahm. C. 227. ambigua Schiff. G. 229. anomala Haw. S . 223. arcuosa Hav/. see minima Hav./. 221 . argentula Hbn. see olivana Schiff. 275. armigera Hbn. H. 245. arundinis Fabr. see typhae Thunb. -v r r 2oo. aurea Folt. see chryson Ssp. 291 . bankiana Fabr. see olivana Schiff. 275. barbalis Glerck. U 11 « 31Q. blanda Schiff. bondii Knaggs c. 228. see morrisii Dale 259. brae tea Schiff. p. 292. brevilinea Fenn. A. 261 . caeruleocephala Linn. 1 71 J-i • 301 . caliginosa Hbn. cannae Ochs. A ^ • 220. see algae Bsp. 264. chrysitis Linn. P. 290. chryson Ssp. P. 291 . clavipalpis Scop. C. 230. clorana Linn, concolor Guen. r'i • 277. see extrema Hbn. 257. coryli Linn. C. 288. costaestrigalis Stephs. s . 3'13» craccae Schiff. L • 304. crassalis Fabr. cribralis Hbn. B. 309. see cribrumalis Hbn. 317. cribrumalis Hbn. Z • 517. crinanensis Burr. & P. H. 236. derivalis Hbn. diffinis sensu Hbn. P. 318. see affinis Linn. 248. diffinis Linn, dipsacea Linn. C. 249. see viriplaca Hufn. 242. dissoluta Treits. N. 268 . edelsteni Tutt see neurica Iibn. 269. elyrni Treits. i \ % 260. exigua Hbn. -i-J • 219. extrerna Hbn. A. 257. fagana Fabr. B. 278. fasciana Linn. T xJ • 274. festucae Linn. P. 293. flavago Schiff. G. 240. flexula Schiff. L. 320. fluxa Hbn. A. 258. fontis Thunb. see crassalis Fabr. 309. fraxini Linn. n w • 281 . fucosa Frr. H. 234. fuliginaria Linn. P. vn 0 00 • fulva Hbn. see pygmina Haw. 256. fulvago Hon. see paleacea Ssp. 251. gamma Linn. P . 297. geminipuncta Hav/. N. 267. glyphic a Linn. *r*l IV. 286. gracilis Lpke. ?. 293A grisealis Schiff. see nemoralis Fabr. 316. haworthii Curt. C . 231 . hucherardi Mab. H. 237. humiaalis Dbldy. see turfosalis Y/ocke. 314. interrogationis Linn. ?. 293. jota Linn, P. 294; leucostigma Hbn. C . 232. libatrix Linn. O • 306. lucens Frr. H. 235. lucipara Linn. ■n Hi • 215. luctuosa Schiff. A • ^ 0 302. lunaris Schiff. f ' i i • 287. lutosa Hbn. x~\ • 255. maritima de Gras. Hel .243. mari'tima Taus ch. Chil.271 matura Hufn. rp -l. * 218. meticulosa Linn. ?. 216. mi Clerck. ili ♦ 285 . micacea Ssp. • 233. minima Haw. P. 221 . moneta Fabr. P. 239. morpheus Hufn. c. 226. morrisii Dale. A . 259. musculosa Hon. 0. 2b3. Aberrational Forms Noctuidae Vol. 3* Index to Species ( cont . ) . nemoralis Fabr. n hj • 316. tarsipennalis Treits. Z. 313. neurica Hbn. N. 269. tenebrata Scop. p % 272. ni Hon. P. 296. trabealis Scop. -ri Hi • 273. nictitans Linn. trapezina Linn. ri • 230. see oculea Linn. 233. tridens Hufn. c. 232. nupta Linn. C. 282. trigemina Werneb . A • 299. trigrammica Hufn. M. 224. trilinea Schiff. olivana Schiff. TP l! ! O 275. see trigrammica Hufn. 224. oculea Linn. H. 233. tripartita Hufn. 00 Linn. D. 246. see triplasia Linn. • 0 0 triplasia auct see trigemina Werneb. 299. paleacea Isp. T* Hi • 251 . triplasia Hbn. pallustris Hbn. K. 225. see triplasia Linn. 300. palpalis Fabr. triplasia Linn. f\ -n. « 300. see rostralis Linn. 311 . turfosalis 'Locke. H. 314. paludis Tutt. typhae Thunb. N. 266. see fucosa Frr. 234. pastinum Treits. L. 303. peltigera Schiff. H. 244. umbra Hufn. ?. 241 . petasitis Dbldy. - G. 239. uncana Linn. phragmitidis Hbn. A. 262. see uncula Clerck. 276. plantaginis Hbn. uncula Clerck. •** -W • 276. see ambigua Schiff. 229. prasinana Linn. P. 279.' proboscidalis Linn. H. 310. venustula Hbn. K. 222. promissa Schiff. G. 234. vetula Hbn. pulchrina Haw. P. 293. see retusa Linn. 253. pygarga Hufn. virens Linn. see fasciana Linn. 274. see tridens Hufn. 232. pygmina Haw. A • 236. viridaria Clerck. P. 307. pyralina Schiff. c. 247. viriplaca Hufn. H. 242. quadripunctata Fabr. see clavipalpis Scop. 230. warneckei Bours. subsp. of maritima de Gras. 243. rectilinea Esp. IT ii • 217. • retusa Linn. z. 233. revayana Scop. s. 280. rostralis Linn. H. 311 . rufa Haw. C. 270. septentrionalis Hoffm. see 'Warneckei Bours. 243. sericealis Scop. R. 303. sparganii Esp. N. 263. sponsa Linn. C. 283. subtusa Schiff. z. 234. taenialis Hbn. taraxaci Hbn. s. 312. see blanda Schiff. 223. tarsi crinalis Hbn. see tarsipennalis Treits. 315 1 No c t. 2 15 . • Eup 1 axia St enh ana . p. I. lucipara Linn. Syst. Nat. 1758. id. 10. p. 518. aubsp. britannica 'rurner. Ent. Sec. 1943. 55»T). 89. (mi3peit Brittanioa) " ■'< ,4 • '0 7? 5 ' ailing correct o d , sub sp. britannica Turner. — According to Turner tha British form is on the whole lighter in coloration and marking than the Continental ones. See details in long description. aberrational forms etc. ab. conspicua Turner. Ent. dec. I94p. 55* P* 90* In the yellowish-brown subterminal area there is a dark blackish red-brown line on the outer edge, this i3 bordered outwardly by a fine light brown line. In the upper costal portion of this subterminal area there are three very clear white soots , the renifora is largo and conspicuously light. e have the type in the 11. C. K. collection, the three white spots mentioned are merely the paler than usual upper part of the submedian area being divided by the darker veins. ah.maculata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. Ip 4k. 8p.o. 12 7. The renifora unicolorous whitish-yellow or white, without dark centre. ab. obsoleta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 85. p. 12 7. Beniform stigaa wholly filled with dark, hardly contrasting. ab.f laves cens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 85. p. 127. Submarginal band pale, yellowish, about the same colour as hindwings as a rule also a little paler. the reniform; the ab. pallida Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942.85. p. 12 7. The whole insect pal erj head, thorax and central area with feeble lilac tint; hindwings very pale grey , unicolorous. ab. clausa Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 85. p. 12 /. (description vol. 82. p. 197 ) First and second transverse lines join at the inner margin. ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 85. p. 12 /. (des The reniform and orbicular united .by a double line. cription vol. 82 p. 197) ab. ascripta Gozmany. Fragn. Faun. Hung. 1947. 10. p. )o. « o Phlogophora Ochs. T'Toct. 216. P. I. raeticulosa Linn. Cyst. hat. 1758. Ed. 10. p. pI3. = pallida 'Putt. Brit. Let. 1892. 3. p. 63. aberrational forma etc. meticulosa Linn, typical form — - wings pale, the forewings flesh coloured at the base and with a fuscous triangle. Tutt makes this the red form, which, however, has a red triangle, not fuscous as Linnaeus states. Tutt’s pallida is therefore the same as the Linnaeus type. ab. suffusa farren. Seitz. I9II. 3«P« 1 90. The whole forewing is tinged with reddish, partially obscuring the usual olive- green tints. There is no ground whatever for supposing that the red-suffused form is the typical form of Linnaeus and Haworth. ab. roseobrunnea /arren. Seitz. I9II.3.P. 190. The central triangle rich red-brown, tinged with fulvous, the whole tinged and the green shades all strongly mixed with reddish, the m dorsal tufts also being deep fulvous instead of green. wing reddish- 0 oa thorax and ab. ignicula Dannehl. Bnt. Z. 192b. 39. P. I08. In general agrees with roseobrunnea barren but in addition the last remnant of grey-green or green-olive is missing. The ground colour red-orange, hardly noticeably toned olive-grey (in the outer basal area). The markings , e specially tl the triangles are not appreciably darker. Tills must be more extreme than roseobrunnea if the triangles are not very much darker than the ground colour. '5 L ab. grisea Hackray. Lamb. I938»38.p. 20 1. The green-olive parts have taken on a remarkable greyish tone, the rosy tints are equally duller. ab. vir ides cans Lempke. Ti jdschr. Ent. 1942. 8p. p. I23. Forewings without any red or rosy tint, markings of a beautiful dark ;en. ab. fumosa Cockayne., Snt. Sec, 19.51. b3*P* 158 1 l6o. pi. p. f. 3. All the pale parts of the forewing and the anterior part of the slightly smoky, giving the aberration a peculiar dull appearance. thorax are ab. extensa Chalmers- Tunt. The dark colouring of the to occuoy the triangular Sntom. I961. 94. p. 282.pl. 7 f . I. central band of the forewing is extended outwardly area proximal to the elbowed line. ab.westi Chalraers-Hunt. Ent. Sec. I96l.94.p. 282.pl. 7 f.9. On the fore/ ing the antemedian line runs from the costa, more or less vertically, to just short of the inner margin, instead of at an angle to join the postmedianj it is then continued horizontally above the inner margin for approximately 6 mm. , thence turning at right angles upwards towards the costa and in doing so forms a rough square, in place of the normal triangle. In the subapic&l regie, there is a rather large roundish blotch of pale yellowish-buff in which the marking/ are obliterated. raaticulosa Linn, continue ab. minor Cabeau. Rev. Soc.En Jr . . I9I.pl* 8 f . 9. On the forewing the basal area is pale; the area between the basal and ant erne d ian lines is unicolorous dark chocolate-brown; the inner part of the median area is pale, but that part external to the orbicular and claviform stigmata and the whole of the marginal area is unicolorous dark chocolate-brown. Hindwing normal. ab. conjuncta Lerapke. Tijdschr.Bnt. 1942. 8p.p. 129. A dark streak runs from the claviform stigna to the outer line. n o ! 'foot* 219.' p. I. Laphygtna Guen. exigua Hubner. Saraml.Eur. SohraQtt.I800-03.pl. 78. f. 362. aberrational forma etc. ab. f ulgens Hubner- Geyor. . Samml. Eur. Schraett. I828~32.pl. 1 08 f . 736. The figure shows the forewings strongly grey-brown, darker than Hubner’ s figure of the typical exigua. The hindwings dusted dark grey, with the veins prominently outlined in black. i/e have specimens from England which agree with this figure, ab. albiraacula Dannehl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1929 19. p. 113. The stigmata not yellow or yellow-red but whitish} in particular the orbicular appears prominent as a white circle. ab.variegata Dannehl. Mitt. Munch Ent. Ges. 1929. 19. p. 113. Darker, very variegated, mostly large individuals. Transverse lines sharply emphasized, blackish, distinctly accompanied by a pale line. ab. decolor ata Dannehl. Mitt. Munch Ent. Ges. 1929. 19*p. H3» The opposite extreme to the preceding, almost markin glass pale grey, the stigmata standing out as even paler spots, without their surrounds being distinctly marked. Rarely there is a darker snot between the stigmata. ab. canior Strand. Arch, daturg. I 13. 81. All.p. 159. Much greyer , forewing with the antemedian line on its outer side, and the postmedian on its inner side, strongly defined by black on inner area. ab. pygnaea Eambur. Ann. 3oc. Ent. France. 1834. p. 384. pi. 8 f.2. The author says this resembles exigua a little but is much smaller. The figure shows an insect of somewhat queer shape, looking like a Bryophila( Cryphia) but on the whole, a small rather mishap en exigua, the mar kings somewhat mixed or aberrant, this can be caused by pressure on the pupa. 0 4 •Foct. 220. • Acosmetia Stephens. p. I. caliginosa Hubner. Sararal. Bur. Schmett.I809.-I3.pl. 100 f.474. - infida 0chs.& Troitschke. Bur. Sohraett. 1826.5* (3) P.286. " " I8I0. 4,p. 93. ( non. nud. ) aberrational forms etc. ab. litorea F'reyer. M .u Beitr. 1843. 5.P* l63.pl. 479 f . I & 2. Resembles in size and colour Hubner f 3 caliginosa. Thorax and for swings of a dusty grey almost without marking, no trace of stigmata and weak traces of the three somewhat dark curved, bands. Hindwings white-grey without bands and spots. This may possibly be another species but the coloured figures give the impress¬ ion of caliginosa. ab. s bagxiicola Duponchel. Hist. Mat. Lep. I827, 7 ( I) .p. III.pl. 107 f . 6. fnis may possibly be an aberration of caliginosa, / arren in Seitz includes it as a synonym of the type which it certainly is not. The excellent coloured figure shows the shape and. size of caliginosa with the forewings deep grey ith three darker transverse bands, the first at the base, the second in the middle followed by the subterminal. In his description Duponchel says there are two bands, the first very large extending from the base to the middle and the other, narrower, extending along the terminal border. In the figure this large basal- median band is divided by a pale line to separate it into two bands. Duponchel says it is the same as stagnicola Treits dike, which however is an anomola form. * 'loot. 221 p. I. Petilampa Aurivillius minima Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p. 216, = arcuosa Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809, p.26o. - duponchelii Boisduval. Ind.Meth. 1829. p. 92. aberrational forms etc. minima Haworth, typical form — - female described first as reddish-grey with three pale stripes. The male, described as arcuosa, whitish-yellow with two transverse rows of minute fuscous 'spots. Heydemann thinks minima Haw. is captiuncula Treitschke. ab. lutes cans Haworth. Lep. Brit. I$09. p.26o. Forewings reddish-yellow, widely rufous at the margin. ab. airae Freyer, Neu Beitr. I836. 2. p. I09.pl. .162 figs. I & 2. (fig. 3 ab. ) Forewings more variegated than the typical form.Distinct transverse lines and rsniform outlined in dark. The coloured figures are a much deeper yellow than the "whitish yellow" of the type form, Freyer says the figures are so good as to need no description so the form is not made a synonym of the type. ab. luciola Prochaska. Verh. zool. -bot. Ges.Wien I920.70.P. (97)» Male which differs greatly from the type by its sharply marked shining copper- red forewings,of which the middle area appears darker coloured. ab. grisescens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1942. 83. p. 91* Male form. The ground colour of the forewings not normal form of the female, the markings how ever, as yellow, but greyish, as the feeble as in the normal male. ---• — loot. 222. p* I. Hapalotis ITubner. v enustula Hubnor. Beitr. I790. 2(3) . r>. 78. ol. 4 - hybnerana Fabr. 3nt. S/st. 1794.3(2 )p. 247. f. aberrational forms ate. Stilbia Stephens. Toct. 223, P. I. anomala Haworth. Ttans.Ent. So c. 1812. p.336. = hybrid at a Hubner. Sanral. Bur. Schmstt. ( Georn) . I8I8-I9. f . 497~^-98. =stagnicola Tr eitschke. Schnet t. Eur . 1 825. 3 ( 2 ) . p. 258. - anomalata Curtis. Brit. Ent. 1837. I4.p. 63I. ■/arren in Seitz gives inaularis Fuchs as a synonym but by the description it may well be another species. aberrational forms etc / Meristis Hbn, Noct.224. trigramaica Hufn. Berl. Mag. I7&6. 3.0. 406. p. I. = trilinea Schiff. /ien Vera. 1775* P. 84. = quercus Fabric ius. Syst.Ent. 1775. P* 594. - notacula Fabricius. Mantissa I788.2.p. 138. = quercicola Snelin. Lina. Syst. Tat. I788. 1. (p) . p.2535. aberrational forms etc. ..trigrararaica Hfn. typical -the ground colour greyish, ab. evidens Thunberg. Ins. Suec. 1784. 1.p.2. The original description gives the colour as grey or yellowish. Host authors give the colour as yellowish, or reddish-yellow, apparently accepting the second colour , since the grey form is the typical one. ab. erubescens Turati. Hat. Sic. 1909. 21. p. I03.pl. o.f. II. The ground colour reddish, not greenish. The coloured figure is apparently not good,the colour being brown. ab.perrufa arren. Seitz. I9II. 3. p.229. pi. 4b f . row 1. The whole wing rufous, with the median shade absent or obscure. ab. albescens Lenz in Osthelder. Schmett. Sudbayern I927. 1. lightened to whitish. In the marginal field of both fore remains a darker shadow. p.304. pi. 15 f.ie. and hindwings there ab. semif uscans Haworth. Lap. Brit. IHOy.p* 249. The outer half of the forewings from the middle shadow reddish-fuscous, the basal half normal lighter colour, reddish- grey. 398. ) I ab. bilinea Hubner. Saraml.Eur. Schmett. I8OO-O3.pl* 4p f.2I/. (H. S. Syst. Bearb.^-.f. ) = bilinea Treitschke. Schmett. Bur. 1825. 3. ( 2 ) .p. 275. - pallida-linea Tutt. Brit. Hoct. I89I. I.p. 142. Tiler e is much confusion among authors over the figure in Hubner’ s Samml.Sur. Schmett. fig. 217. Herrich Schaffer however makes it quite clear by refiguring the form in Syst. Bear b. 2. pi. 77 f*398 and stating that the colours are quite incorrect in Hubner ’s figure, the basal half of the middle field is not darker, a description then follows --brown- grey, lighter towards the margin and around ! the two transverse stripes, the middle shadow very indistinct. page 194. Treitschke refers to Hubner ’s figure and say* it is too hard and barely recognisable and then redescribes it as follows — "colour wale ash-grey, which on the head and thorax is less, and on the forewing more, particularly after the first transverse line, mixed with brown-red. Two distinct transverse lines, both sallow in colour and with a brown streak in their middle, sometimes with a slight trace of a middle' shadow.” Treitschke *s bilinea is therefore the same as Hubner 's, Tutt gives a wrong translation of Treitschke *s bilinea stating that the " streak" (referred to in the description as being situated in the middle of the transverse lines) is a” broad band” with a dark brown shade in the middle. Also that the colour is dark ashy-grey whereas Treitschke says ’’pale ashy-grey mixed with brown-red” . Putt renames the form pallia a-linea. The bilinea of Hubner then is brown-grey with two paler transverse st rapes educing the black transverse lines, the middle shadow very indistinct. > trigrammica Hufn, continued, Toct.224. 1-1.2. ab. obsoura Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1891. I.p. 142. = bilinea Haworth. (nsc.Hubner ) Lap. Bi-it. 180 9. p. 24$. (nom.preoc.Hubner. ) Forewings sooty- grey with two straight striae. Haworth cites the fig.217 in Hubner rs Samml. Eur. Scbmett. hie dart ash-grey in error by the artist, according* to Her rich- Schaffer. 7Ia north form is therefore darker than the preceding bilinea Hbn. and Tutt renames it obscura,his description being - the most unicolorous and obscure form, being of a very dark smoky-grey or brown colour, generally with two transverse lines clearly marked, although the others are somewhat faintly traceable. 1 -1 ab. brunnea Lenz. 03th elder Scbmett. Sudbayern. 1927. I.p. 304 pl« 15 f«20. This is little different from bilinea Hbn. Lenz assumed that the colour of Hubners figure was correct and calls it "dark grey" , separating his own brunnea as being darkened to brown. The actual colour of bilinea Hbn, according to Her rich- Schaff. is brown-grey which is little different from " brown" and hardly worthy of separation. It can stand, if desired, as being without the grey tint, darkened to brown. ab. renata Lenz. Osthelder Scbmett. Sudbayern. 1927- 1. p» 304. The reniforin dark surrounded and therefore standing out distinctly. Lenz does not state whether the middle shadow is present or not, if it is, the reniform would be situated in its upper part. ab. oculata ■ ’ ihan.. Soc. Ent. 191/. 32. p. +. The middle transverse line broadened in its upper part to form a lentil- shaped mark, 3 mm. in length and if mm. in breadth. This may be the same as the preceding since the name is oculata (eye) but by the description the mark is solid, a broadening of the actual line filled in with dark. and therefore ab. basivoluta Wihan. Soc. Ent. 1917. 32.p. 4. The transverse streak, close to the base, united by a curve at the costa,with the first transverse line. Turner gives a completely wrong translation of the this form . ab. fasciata Krombach. Int. Ent. 3. 1920. I3.p. 180. Forewing with strikingly broad middle band. ab. appro ximans Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1309. p.249. The description says the second and third lines approach each other at the inner margin. This must be a rare form unless Haworth means the antemedian and middle ab. convergens ‘ihan, Soc. Ent. 1917. 32. p. 4. The first and second lines united at the inner margin, so that the central line runs obliquely inwards. Turner gives a completely wrong translation of this form. shadow which is not likely. Many authors give the" first and second lines" but this is not correct if the original description be taken. Haworth calls all his forms " Treble Lines" he is therefore not counting the basal streak as a line. ab. quadrigr arnica jcnz. Osthelder- Schmett. Sudbayern. 192 7. 1. P* 304. The outer transverse line doubled. Lenz does not say whether or not the middle name is quadrigr arm ica it is assumed that it shadow is present but since the is and there are four lines in plaoo of the normal three. Cockayne has described a form with the appearance of a double outer line but actually this is with the middle shadow moved outwards close to the outer line. See next fora. n trigrarmnica Hufn. continued. Toot. 224. o p.p. ab. eccentrica Cockayne. Ent. .tec. I95I.63.p. Io0 pi. 5 f.7. On the forewing the basal, ant eraedian and postmedian are in their usual position - but the median line, which is the same thickness as the others, is displaced out¬ wards and runs parallel and close to, the postmedian, and lies some distance outside the discoidal spot, instead of* running1 through it or just internal to it; the discoidal spot is .just visible. ab.fringsii Schultz. 3oc. Ent. 1899. 13. p. 1.53. In place of the norrnU three transverse lines there is only one, strongly curved in the middle field of the forewing- from this line towards the margin there is some dark shadowing of broad expanse, which, how ever, stands out much less from the ground colour than the actual line. This transverse shadow does not roach the margin of -the wing, for the rest the forewings are completely markingless. ab. obsoleta L smoke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 85. p. 90. Tne middle shadow line fails, the other transverse lines very weakly visible. Lerapke gives a wrong translation of his Dutch description in the English foot¬ note which reads the central sha.de fails, the other transverse lines obsolete. It should read "obsolescent". ,0 o ■loot. 225. p. I. Hydrillula. Tanas pallustris Hubner. Sazmnl.Eur. Schmett. I803-08.pl. 79 f.po/. - palustris Hubner. Verz. Schmett. I822*p.209. (spelt with one 1) = exilis Eversmann. Bull* Soc.Mosc. 1842. p. 848. = lutea Freyer. Neu Beitr. 1843.3. p. 121 (luteola on pi. 4 53 f.3) aberrational farms etc. ab. lute sc en3 Farr an. Ent. Hec. 1899. II.p. 1 14. Forewings of a distinct and clear ochreous brown, without any of the grey of the type, having the basal transverse line, stigmata and transverse line beyond, more or less w ell-defined, but always without a trace of the sub terminal shade.. the forewings, so darkly fuscous ab. f usca Farr en. Ent. dec. 1899* II. P. 114. Harkings as in type but the basal two thirds o as to almost obliterate the basal transverse line and stigmata; this almost black coloration extends to, and is limited by, the transverse line beyond the reniform; the terminal third of the wing is typical but darker, and has the subterminal shade. ab. obscura Hoffmann. Hitt. Tat,V er. Steierm. I9I0. j>2, p. 12 p. Darker than typical, the markings as well as the marginal streaks are in this form particularly clearly dev el oped, whilst in the light form they are scarcely visible. I have not seen the original description. ab. raebeli Dannehl. Ent. 2. I925. 39. p. 12. The males very dark, unicolorous grey-black to brown- black, with hardly visible marking remnantsjthe females completely black with a strong gloss. ab. aboleta Guenee, Spec. Gen. Lep. Hoot. 1832. 1. 0. 238. Forewings of a clear ochraceous-grey, powdered with blackish, with the two indistinct median lines, the elbowed one toothed, and an indistinct cellular spot all darker^ the outer margin and extremity of the nervures more obscure. Hind vingfj of a dirty white with small grey terminal dashes ,withaut cellular soot above but with a very small one below. Described from a single specimen from 3. hus da. . * • . Toct. 226. P.I. Car adr ina. Ochs. morpheus Hufn. Berlin Mag. 17^6. 3. Some authors include radica Ssper Eur. Schmett. 1786, 4(2 ).p. 497. pi. 1^4 f.4. neither the figure or description are of morpheus, the stigmata are stated white, /erneburg says it is xanthographa. •arren gives nulla Beckwith. Trans. Linn. 3oc. 1794. 1.p. 5.pl. I. figs. 7~9. as a synonym of the type, and Turner as an aberration, but neither the figures or description fit morpheus in any w ay so it is not included here. but to be aberrational forms etc. morpheus Hufn. typical form - the forewings yellowish-brown. ab. obscura Tutt. Brit. Toct. 1891. 1.p. 147. Forewings deep greyish-fuscous inclining to blackish, the darker stigmata and transverse lines being comparatively inconspicuous owing to their being little darker than the ground colour. ab. sepii Hubner, Sami. Fur. Schmett. I800-03.pl. 34 l6l. The coloured figure shows the forewings reddish-brown, especially in the median area, the sub terminal conspicuously white, probably an exaggeration on the part of the artist. . Tutt retains the name for examples with a reddish tint around the stigmata. ab.ochrea Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudhayern, 1927. I. p.306. pi. Ip f. 19. Fores, -ings pale yellow-brown, with indistinct marking. The figure hardly agrees with this description, the stigmata and subterminal shade are most conspicuous. ab. minor Tutt. 3rit/ roct. I89I. I.p. 147. Very 3mall, measuring only sev en- eighths of an inch in expanse. ab. spall eki ICLtt. Verb. zool. -hot. Ges. Tien. 1917. 67. p. ( 138) . Posseses,with otherwise normal ground colour and marking, a darkened black-brown basal and marginal field of the forewing and black-brown filled- up stigmata; the subterminal line stands out distinctly from the lighter , shining, brownish yellow-green ground colour. ab.fusca Gostni. Atti. Soc. Modena. . (p) 3 .p. l6. Ground colour very dark black-brown. Description from Seitz Suppl.by Draudt. I have not seen the original. ab. punctosa Krulikowsky. Bull. Soo. Mat. Mo sc. { 1893 ) I894.p. 74. Small, the orbicular a. small point (punctiform) . It is difficult to know why this form was named, whether it was for its small 3ize or the small point in place of the orbicular, the orbicular being small in most specimens. It may well be a synonym of minor Tutt. ab. dresnayi Lucas. Bull. Soc.Ent. France. 1933*38. P« I95» ^orcwirigs grey without reddish tint, the lines and markings fuscous. The colour darker than the type form on which the markings appear dull. The author say it is possibly a melanic variety so would appear 00 oe muon darker than the description implies. ■* o Woct. 226, p.2. morpheus Hufn, continued at), semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1^42. 85. p. 94. (description vol. 82. p. 137. ) Instead of joining,the stigjnata are united by a double line. Noct. 227. P. I. Caradrina Ochs. alsines Brahm. Ins. Ka] _ 1791. 2. . . aberrational forms etc. ab. implexa Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829. 2. p. Ip 6. Paler than the topical form, the forewings rust./ four distinct darker or fuscous striae, and great or yellowish-griseous ,'v er undulation of the pal ith posterior striga. ab.r ochrea arren. Seitz. I9II. 3. P. 208. Forewings , head and thorax pale yellow-ochre o U3 , the dark become effaced. markings tending to ab. suffusa Putt. Brit. Poet. 189 1. 1. p. 147, 'Phi 3 is an hypothetical form and possibly does not exist. Putt says it is Guenee *s var.A and gives Guenee Ts own description but instead of "blanches" (white ) scales , Tutt gives black scales. Guenee’s description as given by Putt reads "The costa, median space, sub terminal line and a line bordering- the fringe, strongly powdered with black scales." . Guenee himself says "white scales". It would be best not to use the name. ab. sericea Speyer, Stefct.Ent. Z, I867.28.p. 73. The description is very long- and involved. Lempke in Tijdschr. 3nt. 83.P. 97 gives his conclusions and the main points of the aberration, having seen Speyer ’s type, It is distinguished by the yellowish- grey or pale brownish-grey forewings' and very indistinct mar kings, the latter being- the most striking character. The wings are said to be smooth and shiny. Lempke restricts the name to alsines, Snellen has a v said to be of this form. ab. rufesoens Lempke. Pij ischr. Snt. 1 942. 83. p. ^o. Ground colour of the forewings reddish. ab. elegans Lempke. Tijdschr. dint. 1942. 83* p.96* Forewings clear yellow-brown,with sharply contrasting markings, ab. clausa Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 83« p.97 (description vol. 82. p. 197. ) 'Tie first and second transverse lines join at the inner margin. Toot. 228. p. I. Caradrina Ochs blanda Schiff. ion V erz. 1775. p. 7 7» - taraxaci Hubnor. zamml.Eur. Schmett. I809~I3.pl. H5 f . 575* aberrational forms eto. blanda Schiff. typical form - — uniformly reddish- grey, the stigmata and subterminal line outlined in paler colour. ab.redacta Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p.206. Forewings grey with three obsolescent ' fuscous stripes and a pale sub terminal line ‘Putt includes this as an aberration ox blanda and says it is ashy-brown with indistinct stigmata and transverse markings. It would be far better to leave these Haworth names out of literature when they are so vague, Putt has a habit of altering Haworth's own description to suit himself, in this case he has altered "grey” into ashy-brown. ab. egens Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p. 2o6. Forewings fuscous, otherwise similar to the preceding redacta,the subterminal narrowed or obsolescent. Putt also alters this description in saying that the markings and stignata are distinct, Haworth says it is similar to redacta in which the markings are obsoles¬ cent. ab. sordida Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809* P* 207. Putt, includes this as an aberration of blanda but the description may apply to anything, the forewings dull reddish, with two obsolescent description is reddish-brown with >es. Putt s own indistinct stignata and transverse marking ab.pallidior Lenz. Osth elder Schmett. Sudbayern. I927. 1.p. 307* Pale grey-brown with obsolescent markings, ab. albescens Cockayne. Ent. dec. 1934. 66. p. 6p. Head, the rax, legs, and forewings whitish-brown, the abdomen even paler and the hind¬ wing almost white. It is an albino. ab. suff usa Prout. Ent. dec. 1895. 6. p. 227. (transferred from suoerstes ab.suffusa Pitt)! = fusca Lenz. Osthelder Schmett. Sudbayern. 1927. 1.p. 3^7* Forewings obscure deep fuscous. Lonz fusca was described as dark grey. Putt originally described ab.suffusa under G. suoerstes from a specimen from Sligo. 'Ihis was subsequently found to be a blanda form by Prout who transferred the name to this species. ab.pseudambigua Zerny. Eos. I927. 3»P*3'B2. The hindwings paler with hardly dusted margins; also the forewings are purer grey. ab. arcuata Vorbrqdt. Mitt. Schweiz Ent. Ges A. distinct arched row of black dots in the . 12. p. -l62. centre ox the hinawings Description from Seitz by Draudt,! have not seen the original. _ f =* *> •y Gar adr ina Ochs Noct. 229. p. I. ambigua Schiff. Tien Verz. 1779. p. 77. = plantaginis Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. I809-I3.pl. I2p f.JJo, aberrational forms etc. ambigua Schiff. - typical form — the forewings ground colour grey. ab. obscurior Prout. Ent. Pec. 1895. 6. p.228. 1 fuch darker than the type. The description is very poor 3 Prout says he took the name from a note by Ileves in Cnt. 'lidskr.p.p. 72. ,in which it was used apparently entirely as an adjective. ab. brunnescens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1952, 95* ?• 279* The ground colour of the fore rings brown- grey. This must he very close to Prout*s obscurior and hardly worthy of separation. ab. ochracea Prout. Ent. Pec . 1895. 5. p. 228. Strongly tinged with yellow. The following aberrations given by Turner are hypothetical, since they were not described by Strand under Caradrina. ambigua as Turner states, but under Oligia ambigua a species from Africa. 'The 3 e are given in Ent. Pec, 46 Suppl, ( Brit. IrToct. ) p, (336), 'they have no standing in literature, ab. tripunctata Strand. Arch. ' l.turg. 1 9 Ip. 81. .ill. p. Ip 4. ab . d e ciner ea Str and . " " ab. ambiguella Strand. ” " ab. subambigua Strand. " " tt 1! t! tt ab. confluons Vorbrodt. Mitt. Schweiz Ent. Ges. 1921. I3.p. 189. The stignata are fused together to form a longitudinal irregular bar, ■Toct. 230 Caradrina Ochs clavipalpis Scop. Ent. Corn. 1763. p.213 . - quadripunctata Pabr. SJyst.Ent. I775.P.394-. = cubicularis Schiff. /ien Verz. 1773. p. 7^. = grisea Pott. Naturf. . 9.p. 138* - segetum Esper. (nee. Linn. ) Sur. Schmett. I780. 4. (2).p. 492pl.IpC aberrational forms etc. clavipalpis Scop, typical form — clouding. the forev?ings brownish- grey with moderate ab. obscura Prout. Ent. dec. 1895* P. p. 224. = menetriesii Tutt. (nec. Kretschra. ) Brit. bet. I89I. I.p. Ip3. = thunbergi Nordstrom. Snt. 'HLdskr, 1933- 54.-P.223. pi. II. figs. 27-29. almost unicolorous greyish fuscous. Prout is renaming the form given by Tutt as menetriesii Kratschm. This does not belong to clavipalpis , as Tutt concluded, but to another species, grisea Eversm. ab. albina Tutt. (Prout.) Ent. dec. 1895.6. p.224. (see Brit. toot. I89I. I.p. Ip3» ) The forewings yellow-grey. Tutt gives a var. albina Eversmann as a form of clavipalpis but albina Bv. is a different species. Prout redescribes it as an ab. of clavipalpis giving Tutt the credit as author. ab.pallida Lempke. 'Tijdschr.Ent. 1942. 83. p. 93* Ground colour of the forewings pale grey. pke is renaming the various pale forms given by Putt as belonging to clavipalpis but which are actually different species. ab. nigrof asciata Hoffmann & KLoss. Mitt. Hat. Var, Steierm. I9Ip.52.p. 118. 'Hie marginal area of the forewing dark 1 rings brown, from the elbowed line to the light it is black-brown, the fine border line light brown and the marginal O dots deep black. I.Cany authors make this a synonym of the type form. synonym of quadripunetata Pabr. , treated here but it would appear much more extreme* a ab. nigromaculata Gloss. Int. Ent. e. 1919- 13. P» 3^. The reniform stigma filled with black. ab.bilineata Prout. Ent. Pec. I89p. o.p. 224. Hie forewings showing only the very distinct inner and other transverse markings appearing. outer elbowed lines, no ab. obsolsta Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 8b. p. 93. The transverse lines on the forewings completely fail, robot. 231 p.i. Celaena Stephens. haworthii Curtis. Brit.Ent. 1829. 6.pl.260. aberrational forms etc. haworthii Curtis, typical form yellowish-brown, variegated with rosy scales the reniform cream with a dark line on the inside. ab. tripuncta Curtis. Brit.Ent. 1829. 6. pi. 2o0b. (descript. Humph. 1 '/estw.p. 182. ) Both the stigmata distinct and pale, as well as a pale patch on the subapical striga near the costa. Humphrey & Westwood figure this form in vol. I.pl.38 f. 15.. The pale patch, together with the reniform and orbicular which stand out very clearly on the dark ground, give the "tripuncta" effect. ab.lancea Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829.3* P* 13. (Wood Ind.Ent., I839.pl. 13 f.284. ) Differs from other forms chiefly in its smaller size, nearly uniformly coloured forewings and paler hindwings, the for swings are pale reddish-fuscous. The coloured figure in Wood '3 Ind.Ent. shows the forewings pale reddish-brown with the subterminal fascia paler, and of the same ochreous tint of the stigmata, j the dark variegation is absentia, striking aberration. Prom Ramseymere, i torf oik. ab. hibernica Stephens. Ill. Haust. I829. 3. p. 1 7. (wood's Ind. Snt. 1839. pi. 13 f.285) Forewings reddish-brown, without any of the black markings that form such strong characters in ordinary form; the orbicular is usually absent and there is a whitish fascia in the submarginal area, the reniform dirty ochraceous , with a dusky centre. The name was given because the specimens came from Ireland (Dublin) but it is not likely that all Irish specimens are of this form. We have no Irish material at the time of writing. The figure given by Wood is very similar to that of ab.lancea Stephens, also given by 7ood,but reddish-brown instead of pale reddish- brown. ab. erupta Germar. Faun. Ins. Eur. I842.22.pl. Ip figs, a & b. Forewings brown-black to black, the stigmata white , standing out in contrast. rOCt. 2.32. p. I. Gelaena Stephens. leucostigna Hubner. kunnl. Eur . Schraett. I803-O8. pi. 80 1.375. aberrational forms etc. louco stigma Hbn. faint transverse typical form — the figure shows the wings lines, the reniform yellowish. dark brown with ab. fibrosa Hubner. Samml.Eur. Scbmett, I803~O8.pl. 82 f. 38,5. The variegated form. Forewings red-brown with a paler transverse fascia befor the subterminal line, the terminal area being contrastingly dark grey; the stignata outlined in paler colour from whitish-brown to yellowish. The coloured, figure in Hubner’ s work is obviously too highly coloured, being bright scarlet in places. The following lunina Haworth is probably a synonym. ab. lunina Haworth. Lep. Brit. T8O9.0.209. = intermedia- albo Tutt. Entora. 1890. 2p.p. 13. - albo-lunina Tutt. Bfit.Hoct. 1891. 1.p.67~68. The ground colour of the forewings rusty-chesnut with a larg band-like area, in the middle, in which there is a white lunul angled Haworth’s lunina is v at' ie gated form, but not possible to be same as lunina and ,in my opinion, a synonym of fibrosa Hbn. , being of the Hubner ’s figure is so exaggerated in colouring that it is certain. Tutt sates that his "intermedia” forms are the renamed them albo-lunina and flavo-lunina. ab. intermedia.-i lavo Tutt. Sntom. 1390. 2p.p. Ip. - flavo-lunina Tutt. Brit, tfoct. 1891. 1.p. 68. The same as lunina Haworth but with the reniform ochreous instead of white. ab. albipuncta Put t. Entorn. 1890. 23. p. Ip. Uhicolorous purplish-brown, umber-brown or transverse markings,but with 'the reniform form figured by Hubner has the reniform y b 1 a ckish , w ith white instead ellowish. faint traces of ochreous. of The type ab. nigrobrunneata Du Bois-Heymond. Its. Wise. Ins. Biol.I9pI.2b.p.p9. Forewings completely black-brown, with yellow stignata. ab. traegeri Du 3o i s- Heymond. Zts. /iss. Ins. Forewings completely markingless pale grey reniform white. Hie normal darker terminal Biol. 1931. 26. P. 39. , thorax and head similar colour, the shade is only apparent in certain lights. ab. pallida Heydemann. Ent. 3, 1938. 32. p. 4-7 pi. I. f . 18, Striking pale r eddish-brown for swings , the dull grey marginal shade suffused so that only the yellowish-white reniform remains distinct. dirty white, rather paler than typical. holly I-Iindwings ab. purpuras cens Lsrapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 83. p. 103. Forewings purplish, the central area dark purolish scription of the reniform stigma. A very dark form of the variegated type. ,with chalky-white circum- TToct. 232. P.2. leuco stigma ITon, continued. subsp. scotica Cockayne. Ent. Hec. 1944. p6.p. 55* Smaller and darker than the typical form which occurs in England and on the Continent. The length of the forewing is 13 ram. compared with T] mm. ,the average length of English specimens. The Scottish subspecies, described from tanno ch, Perthshire. Hydra ecia Guenee Woct. 233. p. I. oculea Linn. Faun, duo c. F/oI.p. 321. = brunnea Hufn. Berl.Mag. 1766. 3* no. 69. = nictitans Linn, Sysb. Hat, 1767.3d. >CII, p, 847. = xanthographa Schiff. Wien 7er z. 1775* P« 86. = oupilla Fabr. Ent. ;dyst, 1794, 3(2 )p. 69. = nyopa Fabr Ent, 3yst. 1794. 3. ( 2 ) . p. Il6. = oinerago Fabr. Ent. Syst. 3uppl. I798.p. 443. aberrational forms etc. oculea Linn, typical form — forewings ferruginous with grey clouding, the reniform lunate, yellow, margined with ferruginous, and completely surrounded with white. ab. auricula Donovan. Brit. Ins. 1807. 12. p. 3 pi. 397 ^ • 3« Forewings sub-ferruginous and in the middle a large ear-shaped yellow spot enclosing a lunar-shaped ring. There is apparently no white surround to the yellow lunar-shaped reniform, af the typical form, the whole spot appearing yellow. Lll ab. ery thro stigma. Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p. 240. The stignata reddish, the ground colour reddish with grey markings. Vary similar to the preceding but the main spot of the forewing reddish. ab. pallida Tutt. Entorn. 1888. 2I.p. 3I0.pl, I f . 8, Forewings pale yellowish or greyish-red, all the lines and markings very distinct Both stignata generally yellowish but sometimes the reniform is whitish, some¬ times yellowish. Hindwings paler than in the type. In Brit. Wo ct. I. p. oO Tutt says the the reniform is white in pallida. ab.pallida-flavo Tutt. Brit. Woct, 1891. 1.p. 60. Forewings pale yellowish or wale greyish-red,the reniform yellow. ab. pallida- ruf o Tutt. Brit. Woct. 1891. 1.p. oO. Forewings pale yellowish or pale greyish-red, the reniform red or reddish-orange. ab. rosea Tutt. EntomI888. 21. p. 309.pl. I. f . 9. A pale red form with transverse lines very indistinct, the orange orbicular faint, the reniform large and white, Hindwings with fringes rosy, with a distinct red line bordering them, the red shade extending some distance within the outer margin. ab. rosegjflavo Tutt. Brit. Woct. 1391. 1.p. oO. Bright clear red with transverse lines very indistinct, the renif orm yellow, no white as in rosea Tutt. Tutt first described rosea in the Entomologist (above) as "pale red", in Brit. Woct, it is "bright, clear red". ab.ro3ea-rufo Tutt. Brit. foot. I I, I.p.oO. ?ight cl ' orange-red very indistinct, the r e mi orm reo. or - M ■3 t> ■> Toe t. 233 p.2. oculea Linn continued, ab. obscura Tutt. Entom. 1888. 21. p. 3iO.nl. I f . 12. The ground colour very dark, inclining to blackish, brown colour, with very liktl trace o'p the ferruginous of the typical form, the reniform white, the fringes of the hindwings paler, the -.Tings themselves darker than typical. ab. obscura-flav© Tutt. Brit. Noct. ISpI. 1. p., 6/. As the preceding obscura. but with the reniform yellow instead of white, ab. obscui*a~rufo Tutt. Brit. I Joct. 183 1. X. p. XX As obscura Tutt but with the reniform red or red-orange ins tea d of white. ab. albicosta Tutt. Brit. foot. ISpI.l.p.ol. Forewings and stignata as in the type but with a clear white longitudinal mark along the costa from the base to the apex. ab , gris ea L empke. Tij ds chr . Ent. 1942. 89. p. Ill , The ground colour of the forewings dirty yellowish -grey (exactly as fucosa ab. grisea Tutt. ) without any reddish tint; reniform white. ab. conjuncta Spuler. Schmett.Bur. 1906. 1. p. 214. The huge reniform is united with the yellow surrounded orbicular, Hy&raecia. Guen, TToot. 234. r>. I. fucosa subsp. paludis 'Putt. Entom. 1888. 21 1 312. pi. 1. f . 1. = paludis-albo Putt, Entom. 1888. 21. . 3d2. pl. 1. f . 1. aberrational forme etc. paludis Putt — typical form — ground colour pale ochreous-yellow with white reniform and yellow orbicular. Tho subsp. of fucosa Freyer,from England, Ireland ,efc ab. paludis-f lavo Putt, dntom, 1888. 21. ; 3 12. pi. 1. f . 2. Like the preceding but with the reniform yellow instead of white. ab. intermedia Putt. Entom. 1888. 21. . 3l2.nl, 1. f . 3. = intermedia-albo Putt. Entom. 1888. 21.. 312. pi. l.f. 3. Pha ground colour darker ochreous than in paludis, vd-th a slight greenish tint and a more distinct shade around the reniform which is white. ab, intermedia- f lavo Putt. Entom. 1888. 21, , 312. Like the preceding intermedia-albo Putt but with the reniform yellow instead of white. ab. grisea Putt. Entoin. 138c . 21. . 312 . pi. 1. f . 4. = grisea-albo Putt. Entom. 1888. 21. . 312.pl. 1. f . 4. The ground colour greyish, darker than paludis and in ter media, with a slight greenish tint, a pale yellow orbicular and white reniform, a darker shade envelop¬ ing the lower part of the reniform. Hindwings darker than in either paludis or intermedia. ab.grisea-flavo Putt. Entom. 1888.21. . 312.nl. 1. figs, p 6 (not 6 & ~] as stated.) Like the preceding grisea-albo but with yellow reniform instead of white. Putt gives figures 6 & 7 f°r this form but actually they are figs. 5 & 6, fig. 7 is a nictitans form, as 'Putt himself says in explanation of the plate. ab. brunnea Putt. Brit. Toct.l891.1.p. 64. = brunnea- albo Putt. Brit. '.Toct. 1891.1. p. 64. Ground colour of the forewings deep brownish; the dark shade, which in intermedia surrounds the reniform, spreading all over the wings, making them almost unicolor- -ousjthe reniform is white. ab. brunnea-f lavo Putt. Brit, ' foot. 1891. 1. p. 64. Like the preceding brunnea- albo but the reniform yellow instead of white. ab. ruf a Acton. Ent. Re c. 1895* 1, p. 79 • - rufa-albo Acton. Ent. Ree..l897* 7. P* 79* Of a dull reddish tint, inclining to brown or ochreous, with white reniform. Acton credits 'Putt with the authorship but sice he says Putt did not ’mow of, or describe, the red form in paludis, he is not the author. ab. ruf a-f lavo Acton. Ent. dec, 1897. J. p. 79* Like the preceding ruf a Acton but with the reniform yellow instead of white. Acton also credits Putt with the authorship, as in the preceding. ab.obscura Heydemann. Ent. A 1931* 47* P* 20. pi. 4 f. 8. The ground colour deep chocolate-brown, without red tint, melanis tic, with quite narrow streak-like r enix orm , which is white. The form with the reniform yellow was not known to Heydemann. MOO *> T'Toct. 234, p.2. continued f u co s a Fr ey er . subsp.paludis Tutt. ab. obscura-flavomaculata Lempke, KLj dschr. Snt. 1942,. 85. p, 114, Ground colour of the forewinga de chocolate-brown, reniform yellow or orang . ab. virgata Cockayne. Snt, fee. 1931* 63. ;o. loO. On the forewing the median area, from a point just internal to the orbicular, to a point oust external to the reniform,is completely filled with dark scales, forming a broad median band. ab, obsoleta Richardson, Snt, ,3 c. ltf.52, >4, p, 272.pl, 11, f,] . The orbicular absent and the reniform markedly restricted and of the same colour as the rest of the :ing which is deep brownish, as in ab.br unnea Tutt, * Moot. 235 P.l. Hydraeeia Guen, lucen3 r'reyer. feu Beitr. 1845.5. p. 143.pl. 4-68 f.3. aberrational forms stc. lucens Freyer. typical form - light red-brown ground colour , the stigmat orange-red. ab. lucens-flLavo Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891.1.P. 63. As the typical form but with the reniform yellow instead of crenge-red or deep red. ab. lucens-albo Tutt. Brit, Moot 1891. l.p. o3° As the typical form but the reniform white instead of red. ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. ; loot. 1391. 1. p, 62. =pailida-albo Tutt. 3t . Noct. I891. 1. p. 62. Of a pale greyish coloration with a faint suspicion of reddish in the ground colour, the reniform white. ab. pallida-flavo Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1391. l.p. 62. Like the preceding pallida Tutt but with the reniform yellow instead of white. ab. grisea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1391. l.p. 62. = grisea-albo Putt. Brit. Noct. 1891. 1. p. 62. Of a greyish-ochreous coloration, strongly irrorated at the base, slightly reddish in the central area ,the reniform with an inner line, therefore broad as in nictitans (oculea) , otherwise more like paludis ab. grisea Tutt j the reniform white, ab. grisea-f lavo Tutt. Brit. Toct. 1891. 1. p. 62. Like the preceding grisea Tutt but with the reniform yellow instead of white, ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891. l.p. Si. - rufa-albo Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891. l.p. 62. Of a clear bright red colour, reticulated as in grisea Tutt, the reniform white ab. ruf a-flavo Tutt. Brit. 'Toct. 1891. l.p. 62. Like the preceding ab. rufa Tutt, but with the reniform yellow instead of white. ab. brunnea Tutt. ( Acton ) . Snt. Bee. 1895, 7 . p. 79° = brunnea-albo Tutt. Snt. :ec. 1895° 7«P» 79. = intermedia-albo Heydemann (nec. Tutt) Snt. 1.1931. 45. P* 36. Of a brown hue, with a distinct ochreous tint, sometimes reddish centrally, with white reniform. deydemann gives intermedia-albo with 'Tutt as the author which is not correct, the name must therefore be Heydemann * s , but it is a synonym of Putt’s brunnea. ab. brunnea-flavo Tutt. ( Acton ) » Snt. Bee. 1895. 7. P • 79* = intermedia Heydemann. (nec. Tutt. ) Ent. 2.1931.45. p. 36.pl. 4 f, 23 6 24. Like the preceding ab. brunnea Tutt but with the reniform yellow instead of white Heydemann credits Tutt with the authorship of intermedia which is incorrect, Heydemann is therefore the author, but the name is a synonym of brunnea-flavo Tutt Moot. 235 P. 2. lucens Frey or. continued ab. brunnsa-rufo Tutt. ( Acton) . But. Fee. 189p. '/• p. 79. Like brume a Tutt but with the reniforra rod instead of white. ab. castanea Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 85. p. 119. = brunnea Heydemann. (nora.preoc. Tutt. ) Ent. Z. 1931. 49* p. 36. The ground colour of the forewings deep brown, the reniforra yellow. The " brunnea" nom. coll, given by Heydemann is not the same as brunnea Tutt,Lempk< has therefore renamed it castanea. ab.br unnea-alb© Heydemann. (nom. preoc. Tutt. ) Ent. A 1931. 49. p. 3^ pi. 4 f. 17. Brown to dark leather-brown, without the red tone in the middle field, the reniforra white. Hindwings mostly wholly dark grey. Heydemann’ s brunnea and brunnea-aibo are not the same as Tutt ’ s forms of these names. ab. obscura Heydemann. (nec. Tutt. ) Ent. E. 1931. 43. p. 36. Tlelanistic. Deep reddish-black-violet-brown with blackish lines, the r uniform bright red-orange. Hindwings almost completely black-grey. Heydemann seems completely mixed over Tutt’s forms. In thi ieydemann Tutt with the authorship but Tutt ’ s obscura was for obscura must therefore be Heydemann ’s. this case he again credi nictitans ( o culea ) , the name foot. 236. Hyaraecia Guen. p.l. crinanensis Burrows & Pierce. Ent. doc. 1910. 22. p. 30. - crinanensis Burrows, (nom.nud, ) Ent. lQc. 1908.20. w.18 , aberrational forms etc. crinanensis Burrows & Pierce, typical form central area, reniform and orbicular orange. bright brick-red /.with This species occurs in -Forth England, Scotland and commonly in only be separated with cer taint 7 by its genitalia. Ireland. j. 8l1‘ j: It ab. pallida- flavo Burrows. Ent. dec. 1910.22. p. 81. Pale yellowish- grey, with the reniform yellow. ab. rufescens-flavo Burrows. Ent. Pec. 1910. 22. p. 81. Dull red, with the reniform dull orange. ab. rufescens-albo Burrows. Ent. tec. 1910. 22. p. 81. Dull red, with the reniform white. ab. grisescens-flavo Burrows. Ent. dec. 1910. 2a. p. 81. Grey-red, with the reniform yellow. ab. grisescens-albo Burrows. Ent. :ec. I9l0.22.p. 81. Grey-red, with the reniform white. ab. cas tan ea-f lav o Burrows . Ent. dec. 1 ,1 D . ..-2 .p. 81. Dark chestnut— brown, with the reniform yellow. ab. castanea-albo Burrows. Ent. dec. l#L0.2L.p. 81. Dark chestnut-brown, with the reniform white. ab. nigrescens-albo Burrows. Ent. ;ec. 1910. 22. p. ded-black, with the reniform white. zer can 81 Hydras cia Guon. Ifeot. 237. p.l. huoherardi Mabilla. Bull. Soc.Gnt. Franco, 1907.p. 37* = murciegoi Fernandez. Boll. See. Espan. Hist. Wat. 1933* 33* p. 3^2. aberrational forms etc. huoherardi Mabille typical form -- the ground colour whitish- ochreo us to gr ey i sh-ochr eo us . ab. subrufa Lucas. Bull. Soc. Ent. France. 1930. p. 193. Forewings somewhat reddish, the hindwings rosy-ochraceous. ab* f us co quadrat a Goodson. Ent. Gaz. 1953» 6.p. 68 pi. 2 . Forewing with the reniform itself , and the space between its outer edge and tho postmedian line, heavily dusted with fuscous , forming a decided, dark scaled square. The postmedian line curves well inwards towards the reniform instead of' proceeding in a straight line from the inner margin to the costa, the only place where, in normal specimens, it is bowed. Uoct. 238. p.l. Gortyna TIbn, raicacea Bsper. Bur. Schmett. 1789. 4. (2 ) .p. 466.pl. 14-5. f. 6. =cypriaca Hubnor. Saimul. Bur. Cebmett. 1800-03. pi* 46 f. 224. aberrational forms etc. ab.cypriaca Haworth (nec.Hubn. ) Lep. Brit. 1809.p. 227. (nom.preoc.Hbn. ) Forewings rosy or rosy-fuscous. 'Phis is probably a synonym of the type form, as is cypriaca Hubner,but most authors separate it, on the strength of Haworth’s "rosy”, as a being pinkish. ab. grisea Tutt. Bntom. 1888. 21.p. 306 & 307. For swings whitish- gray, with a slight pink tinge. ab. lutea Putt. Bntom. 1888. 21. p. 306. Forewings yellowish-red, the transverse lines paler than in the type. Hindwings pals yellowish with faint traces of the lunula and transverse line, but not of the transverse shade noticeable in the darker forms. ab. rubida Tutt. Bntom. 1888.21. p. 306 h 307* Forewings deop red, tinged with purplish. ab.br unnea Tutt. Bntom. 1888. 21. p. 306 & 307 • Forewings of a deep shiny brown* Hindwings very much suffused with fuscous. This form has a superficial resemblance to G.petasitis Dbl. ab.plumbosa Harrison. Vasculutn. 1929.15.P. 39* " In colour the specimen was dull leaden" . Harrison does not mention the hindwings. ab. intacta Warren. Seitz. 1911.3* P» 226. pi. 46 row e. The hindwings are pure yellowish-oclireous, without marking of any kind. The forewings are wholly suffused with rosy-brown, the median area only a little deeper in colour. Underside rufous-yellow, deeper rufous along oosta and termen of both wings, without trace of cell spot and outer line. This description is exaggerated, the line and cell spot can be clearly 3een in the pype which is in the Rothschild Coll, and the yellow-ochreou3 of the hind- is largely produced by grease. « ab. diluta Cockayne. Bnt. Rac. 1951. 63. p. l6o. Ground colour of the forewing whitish, with a faint tinge of yellowish-pink, the markings pale with a slight rosy tint; the narrow postaodian and marginal lines are rather darker. Hindwing and abdomen are pale cream, hindwing markings very faint, thorax pale rosy-brown. This is an albinistic or dilute form. ab. aurantia Richardson. Bnt. 3:ec. 1952; 64. p.272. pi. 11. f .20. Forewings bright orange-red, markings normal. Hoot. 238. p. 2. micacea Esper. continued ab. discolor Krulikowsky. Bull. Soc*Nat.Mo3cowJ[1893il894.p. ~J0, Forewings grayish or greyish-fuscous, of ten greenish, not coopery. ab. confluens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1942. 85. p. 120. Phe orbicular and reniform joined, forming one single spot, their boundary absent at the pint of juncture. Noet.239. Gortyna Hbn. P.l. peta3itis Doubleday. Zool. 1847.p. 191). = vindelicia Prayer. ITeu Beitr. 1849. 6. p. 82.pl. 531 f.3.& pi. 562. aberrational forms etc. No at. 240. P.l. Gortyna Hbn. f lav ago Schiff. Vien Verz.l775.P. 86. - aureo-raaeulata Goezo. Beitr. 178I.3. ( 3 ) - P- ^3®. = lappae ‘Donovan. Brit. Ins. 1301. 10. p.35«pl. 340. = ochracoago Haworth. Lep. Brit. 180 % p.234. = flavoauratum Tutt. Entom. 1888. 21. p.271. aberrational forms etc. flavago Schiff. typical form — the fcr swings gold-coloured, sprinkled with brown. ab. ochraooa Hubner. Beitr. 1786. l.p. 19.pl. 2 f.M. The paler form. The figure shows the forewings palish yellow, the description 3ays ochre-yellow. ab. suf f usa Warren. Seitz. 1911. 3. p. 225. The forewing wholly suffused with ferruginous. ab. reducta hsmpke. Tijaschr.Ent. 1942. 95. P. 107* The dark band at the forewing fails, for the greater part, or completely. IToct.241. I^yrrhia Hubner. P.l. umbra Hufnagel. Berl. Ivlag. 17^6. 3. p.294. = chrysographa Frnst. & Bngr. Pap. Bur. 1791. 7»P. 105. pi. 288 fig. = consoicua Borkhausen. Bur. Schmett. 1792, 4.o. 123. -umbrage ESper. Bur. Schmett. I796. 4. (2) Abschn.p. 21.pl. I85&7-8 =marginago Haworth. Lop. Brit. 1809. p. 235. aberrational forms ate. umbra Hufn. typical form — orange-yellow or orange-red. ab.marglnata Fabricius. Mantissa Ins. 1787.2.P. 166. The ground colour yellow , without the orange tint, the bands ferruginous. ab. suffusa Leiapkg. Tijdschr.Ent. 1941.84. p.342. Ground colour of the forewings suffused with red-brown and therefore darker; the marginal band of the hindv/ings is also blacker. ab. rutilago auct. Many authors include rutilago Fabricius under this species but Fabricius refers to the Wien Verz -rutilago. This is placed as a synonym, of Tiliacea aurago Schiff. in these notes. Haworth makes the rutilago Fabricius a synonym of raarginata Fabr. but refers to the rutilago of Hubner fig. 185 which is not the rutilago of Fabr. and is now considered a synonym of another species - purpurina Bsper. The name rutilago, to avoid conf usion, should be restricted to T. aurago j Fabricius mentions a fuscous basal band which this species, umbra, does not possess. r> - i Moot. 242 p. 1 » H©1 io this Ochs viriplaca Hufnagel. Berl.Mag.i766. 3. p. 406. - dipsacea Linn. Syst. Mat. 1767.3d. 12. p.336. aberrational forms etc. ab. tristis Stauder. 3nt. Aziz. 1923. 3*P. 44. More monotonous in colour than the typical form, darker, the usual pale parts of the forewing greenish- grey, not yellow- grey, and hardly standing out from the ground colour. Hindwings with the black much increased. ab. albida Fuchs. Jahrb. Nassau Ver, Nat. 1904. 37»P* 38. Forewing whitish with very weak middle band, the hindwing with pure white band and large spot. ab. canariensis Warren. Seitz 1911.3*P«245. Described as an aberration but is a subspecies from the Canary Islands and not included here. . . . % Hollo this Ochs. Hoot. 243. p.l. raaritiraa de Graslin. Bull. 3oc. Linn, subsp. warnackei Boursin.(nom. nov. pro 3 op tontrionalis } LyonJ £64*33,2 40 = sen tentrionalis Hoffmeyer. (nom.preoc. ) Flora og Fauna 19^44.6 raaritima subsp.w&rneckei Boursin. . British specimens belong to this subspecies which shows a blackish streak or shade at tho baso of the forewing just below the median vein, a feature not possessed by other forms of maritima or by dipsacea. aberrational forms etc. ab. f erruginea Bpuler. Schmett. Fur. 19o7. 1. p. 281. Sometimes in the male the forewings are yellow— red, in the female reddish brown- yellow, suffused, as is also the body. Hindwings rad-yellow tinted. ab. albida Cockayne. Snt.Rec.l9pl.63.p.loO. The ground colour of the forewing white; the central dot of the orbicular and the dark central marks of the renifora are present and distinct; all the other dark markings, especially the median shade, are very pale, but the subapical mark and the dots of the subterminal line are darker; the marginal row of dots is black; the marginal area between the subterminal line and tho termen is white. Hindwing normal, the thorax pale. ab. obsoura Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1941. 84. p.337* The forewings dark olive-grey, the markings obsolete M • r P Hoot. 244, p.l. Heliothis Ochs pel tiger a Schiff. Vien ^orz. I775-P* 89, = alphea Cramer. Pap.Exot. 1779«3»P* 99«pl*2pO f.P. aberrational forms etc. peltigera Schiff. typical form — Schiff says pale cinnamon coloured. Cramer's alphea was yellow-brownish and not worth separating. ab. charmione Stoll. Pap. Exot. 3uppl.pt. 3. 1791* P. 162. pi. 36 f . 10. = straminea Donovan. Brit. Ins. 1793* 2. p. 63.pl. 6l . The ground colour yellow. Donovan's straminea was pale yellow or bright clay. ab.florentina Esper. Sur. Schraett.i788. 4. (2). p.422. pi. 135 f. 2. The ground colour pale ochre-yellow. Hardly different from the preceding but can be used for specimens intermediate between the yellow form and typical yellow-brown form. ab.barbara Fabricius. Ent. Syst.1794. 3. (2).p. 111. Accordiig to the original description the forewings are ashy, with obsolescent submarginal band. ab.nallida Cockerell. Bntom. 1889.22. p. 4. (description vol. 11. p. 24. ) The description merely says "Very light. " Presumably very pale yellow. ab. condolens Schawerda. Verh. zool. -bot. Gas. Wien. 1914. 64. p. 363. Dark appearance* the reniform dark brown, the normally shadowy transverse band is red-brown or black-brown. The middle field brown, or reddish, toned. Hindwing with the marginal band deeper black and broader, the light spot absent. ab. clarissima Turati. Atti. Soc. It. Sci. Wat. 1924. 63. p. 101. pi. 4. f . 6. The forewings very pale sulphur-yellow with only the reniform stigna and apical patch apparent, the subterminal transverse band only indistinctly indicated, other markings extinct, Hindwings pale, the marginal band grey, the discoidal lunule showing conspicuously. ab. aurantiaca Strand. Arch. Naturg. 191% 81. A. 12. p. 143. The hindwings orange-yellow. ab. omicronata Hichardson. Bn tom. 1938. 91. P* 211; pl.4,f. 10. On the forewings the usual dark costal patches are circular in shape and separated from the costa, standing out strongly against the pale central area. This is separated from the subterminal by a strongly pronounced darker band. .1 o © o Noe t. 245 P.l. Heliothi.s Ochs armigera Hubner. dararal. Eur. Schmett. aberrational forms etc. araigera Hbn. typical form - Hubner* s figure shows the fore^ings pale greyish-ochreous with the subterminal band bluish-grey. ab.fusca Cockerell. Ento®. 1889. 22. p. 4. (description vol. 11. p. 24. ) The description merely says "a dark brown variety." ab. oehracea Cockerell. Entom. 1889. 22. p. 4, (kef, to pi, 3 f . ~J, 4th. Hep. U. S. dnt. Com. Presumably ochraceous. No description is given by Cockerell and I have not seen the plate referred to ab.rufa Warren. Seitz. 1911. 3- P* 246.pl. 50. row L. Uniformly dull flesh-colour, with the lines and stigmata hardly visible Hoot. 246, P.l. Dicycla Guenee oo Linn. 3yst. Nat. 1758. 3d. 10. p. pC>7. = ferruginago Hubner. Saraml.3ur. Schmett. 1800-03.pl. 41. f. 195. aberrational forms etc. 00 Linn, typical form — pale yellow 'with greyish 00 marking. This is the LinnaQan description and far from satisfactory. Hubner figured an insect under the name ferruginago which i3 probably the same but the markings are ferruginoit as are practically all 00 forms. Tutt separated this ferruginago Hbn. as an aberration ’with the space between the elbowed and subterminal lines showing a dark transverse shade. There is nothing of this sort in our copy of Hubner and, in my opinion, aberrations should not be based on the coloured figures of 3u.ch early works which were meant to give a general idea of the species, the ground colour and markings often being much exaggerated. the forewin ab. renata Fabricius . 3nt. 3y st. 1794. 3 ( 2 ) . o. 3p. /ings fuscescent; 00 and hinder stripe ashy. The same size a3 00 bu fuscous, the ordinary spot 3 in the middle, the 00 mark and the hinder stripe a3hy. This foim is omitted by most authors but suggested by others as the ab.renago of Haworth. If it is an 00 form it is not Haworth’s, which had the markings ferruginous. The description doe3 not seem to fit any 00 form and is best not used. ab.renago Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p. ap8. Similar to the ferruginago of Hubner (typical form) but with the wings more extensively saturated^ the costa is partly yellow, the rest varied fuscous and f erruginous. This is the more heavily marked form ,with the space between the middle shadow- line and the sub terminal, mo re or less filled with ferruginous , the base also shows a reddish- grey blotch. ab. griseago Schultz. 3oc.3nt.19o6. 21. p. 3. Similar to ab.renago Haworth but the colour of the greater part of the forewing is grey, or dark grey, instead of brown— red or blackish- brown, on which the vellow stigmata stand our clearly. Transitional specimens have middle area with no dark shading, as similar specimens of ab.renago. ab. olivacea Skala. From the description given by Draudt in Seitz. 1935. 3. Sttppl.p. 190. with no reference. Completely suffused with olive-grey. ab. ruf ocanago Dannehl. Snt. Z. 1926. 39*T?. 184. 1 ur j darkening in. the outer area (as 3een in ab.renago Haw, ) is here suffused with olive-grey. So sinilar to Haworth’s renago as to be unworthy of a name, Haworth did not 3tate that the outer area wa3 ferruginous, but that the wings were fuscua and ferruginous varied; most of our English specimens show some amount of grey in the red-brown of the outer area. Noct9246, P.2. oo Linn, continued, ab. ruf e scene rutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. P. 18. Reddish-yellow, without the dark 3ubterminal shade. The ground colour not whitish- yellow as in the type but of a warmer tone of yellow, tending to orange or red, markings as in the type with only the basal shade developed and with no subter¬ minal shade. Tutt cites Hubner ' s fig. 867 as being of this form which is an obvious error, the figure shows an extremely dark sub terminal band united with the basal shade along the inner margin, looking like an exaggerated ab. renago,the opposite to Putt's description. ab, sulphur ea Staudinger. Gat. Ed. 3. 1903..P.203. Unicolorous sulphur-yellow,sometime3 the fringes chequered with brown. Staudinger by "unicolorous" presumably meant there were no markings, we have such specimens from the Continent. ab. conf lua Holze. Int. Ent. 2. 1921. 13. p. 79. = juncta Leraplce. Tijdschr.Ent.1942. 85.p. 81. (description vol. 82. p.197. ) The orbicular and reniform stignata are confluent, normally there is a space between them. It is reminiscent of Cymatophora octogesima, in which also the stigmata are united into the form of an 80. For some strange reason Lempke states that the ab. conflua,in his opinion, is doubtless of the semiconfluens type, which has the sti-gnata joined by a double line. There is nothing to suggest this in Holze description, in which he likens his form to octogesiraa( ocularis ), which has the stignata merely touching each other. Lempke 's juncta is therefore a synonym. © 9 ■a » Moot. 247, p.l. Cosmia Ochs pyralina Schiff. Wien Verz. 1775* p. 88. aberrational forms etc. pyralina .Schiff. - typical form — ground colour dark purplish-brown. ab.corusca Esper. Eur. Schmett. r/88. 4. (2).pl.l35 f. 4-5. ( 1789* p. 424. ) Forewings bright reddish-brown. The plate figures have priority over the textjon the plate the name is spelt oorusca,in the text, published a year later, it is 11 corrusca". The figures are verj good and show a much lighter form than Schiffermuller describes-" dark purplish- brown" . ab. arnoi Schawerda. I Titt. "lunch. Ent. Gas. 1924. 14. p. 100. The forewings bright or light rose-brown. Presumably lighter than the preceding. ab. cuprea Hormuzaki. Ent. ITachrichten. 1894. 20. 0. p5» The ground colour of the forewings very light coppery-red, not the usual dark cherry-brown. The black apical spot, usually very sharply marked, is either dark brown, obsolescent, or completely absent, and there is no trace of a whitish mixture near the costa or down the transverse line; the central area is not darker than the rest of the wing. Hindwings somewhat paler than normal. ab, saturatebrunnea -Strand, hrch. Naturg. 1915. 81. A 11. p. l64. He ad, thorax, and forewings browner. A very vague description, of little use. ab. obscura Hoffmann & Kloss. Sehmett. Steierm. 1915* 3»P* 141. 'The ground colour black-brown, without the white transverse stripes. ab.fuliginosa du-Bois-Heymond. Ets.V/iss, Ins. 1931.26. P. 39. The ground colour is completely devoid of the shining copper-red or brown tones; it is, on the contrary, unicolorous sooty- grey. The marking is present. o O o i Cosmia Ochs, Noct. 2 48. P.l. af finis Linn. Syst. Nat. 1/6 7. Ed. 12. p. 848. = diffinis Hubner. Beitr. 1780-89* l.p. 24.pl. 4 f. T. aberrational forms etc. af finis Linn, typical form - the ground colour ferruginous, with white spot3 on the costa. ab. ochrea Tutt. Brit.N0ct.l892. 3. p. 21 & 22. Pale ochreous-brown or ochreous-brown with white costal spot3 or streaks. ab. obsoleta-ochrea Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 3. p. 22. Pale ochreous-brown, the white costal marks merged into the ground colour. ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. p. 21 & 22. = affineola Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1915* 81. A ll.p.lo4. The forewings dark grey, instead of the reddish or reddish-brown of the typical form. The white costal streaks are presumably present since the form without than, is separated by Tutt as obsoleta-suffusa, the following form. |, ab, obsoleta-suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3.P. 22. Dark grey,a3 the preceding,but with the white costal marks absent. ab.nigrimaculata Warren. Seitz. 1911. 3* P* 230 pi. 47 row d. = subaffineola Strand. Arch. Nat urg. 1917*81. A 11. p,lo4. 'The forewing marked by patches of black scales in the basal area, along the cell and vein 1, before and below the orbicular, beyond the reniform in the angle of the outer line, and more slightly before the termen. ab. affinella Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1913. 81. A 11. p.l64. ( Seo Lerapke, Tijd. Ent. 85. p. 86! Forewings in the costal field, on the outer side of the postmedian line, whitish suffused. Lerapke in Tijdschr.Ent. 85. p. 80 restricts the name to the fine form in which the white costal marks are clearly enlarged (almost as in C. diffinis ), independant of ground colour. ab.morleyi Porritt. Ent.Non.Mag. 1923* 59* P. 88. = nigrata Schawerda. Verb. zool. -bot. Ges. Wien. 1927. 77»P« (82 ). Head, thorax body and forewings dark chocolate-brown to almost black; the white costal marks sometimes present but often, perhaps in most cases, partially or entirely wanting. Hindwings with the basal portion the colour of the forewings but the outer margin broad and black. Schawerda' s nigrata had tho forewings as deep black as the hindwings, the markings still to be seen, especially on the costa, grey. ab. bredomanni varnecke. Ent. Anz. 1933- 13. P* 93. Hindwings with the basal half of the same black as the marginal half > normally the basal area is distinctly paler. The forewings are normal. Possibly a northern subspecies but the author does not say if the typical form is found. Described from the Friesian Islands. ab. obsolota Lerapke. Tijdschr. 3nt. 1942. 8p. p. 86. Forewings reddish, the white costal marks absent. Cosmia Ochs Moot. 249. p.l, cliff ini 3 Linn. 1/3 1. Mat. 1767. 3d. 12. p. 848. = af finis Hubner. Beitr.l787.1.p. lO.pi.l. 3. aberrational forms etc. diffini3 Linn, typical form -- — forewings ferruginous with costal white spots, and 2 black spot 3 on the outer margin (apex). ab. confinis Herrich- Schaffer. Syst. Bearb. 184p.2.p. 224.pl. 87. f. 4^0. In apn e ar ance , b e tw e e n affinis and dif finis. The colour more that of diffinis but not so pale yellowish but more violet-grey, the markings more as in affinis, the white spots on the costa however are larger than in diffinis and there is a white longitudinal streak running from the break in the subterminal line inwards towards the base. Bindwings paler than normal. The figure shows an insect very much like diffinis but paler, the colour shading from .grey to pale purplish grey, the /hits lines and costal spots prominent. Described from Turkey. „ Tibet. 2^)0. P. 1. Cosmia Ochs. trap ezina Linn. S/s t. Sat. 1758. 3d. 10. p. >10. aberrational forms otc. traoezina Linn, typical form - pale ochr@ous-grey,with a black spot in the middle of the " triangle" ,and small .spots on the margins, the triangle somewhat darker than the rest of the wing. ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3*p.22 & 2p. Thitish or ochreous-grey with the transverse lines obsolete. ab.rufo-pallida Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. p. 23. = rubella Krulikowsk/. Bull. 3oc. Nat. Moscow. 1 1893)1894. p. 80. Whitish or ochreous-grey, the central area between the complete basal and angulated lines , forming a reddish band. ab.ochrea Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892. 3.0.23. Bright ochreous ( slightly reddish), or deep yellow-ochreous , some times with a reddish tint. The transverse lines distinct. ab. obsoleta-ochrea Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1892. B.p. 23. Bright ochreous { slightly reddish) with the transverse lines obsolete. ab. rufa Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892. 3.p. 23. Forewings deep red, the transverse lines distinct. ab. obsolete-ruf a Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. p.23. Forewings deep red, the transverse lines obsolete. ab.grisea Tutt. Brit, Moot. I892. 3. p.23. Dark grey, with darker transverse lines. ab.carnea Warren. Seitz. 1911. 3* P. 230.pl. 47 row f. Pale fore in gs with all the shadings, especially the thick median shade, delicate flesh colour. ab.conspersa Warren. Seitz. 1911, 3»P»231*pl. 47 rowg. (Lempke-Tijd.Fnt. 8p.p. 82 ) Forewings either pale ochreous, yellow ochreous or reddish, very strongly dusted with dark scales. Lerapke restricts the name to specimens which are reddish. ab. nigra Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 3. P. 23. Forewings entirely deep blackish- grey, with fainter transverse lines. ab. ochrea-conspersa Lempke. Tijdschr.Snt. 1942. 8p.p. 82. Forewings yellowish, strongly powdered with black scales. By this name Lempke resl restricts conspersa Warren to the form in which the forewings are reddish with strong black dusting, which makes a different impression. "loot. 250. p.2. trapezina Linn, continued ab. aurantia Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1942. 8p. p. 82. The ground colour of the forewings orange, tho markings distinct. ab.lutescens Wehrli. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel. 1917.28. p. 241. The entire hindwing glossy yellowish, without the normal grey. ab.postnigra Cockayne. Ent. See. 1991* 63-p.l6l.pl. 3 £.9. ‘The normally grey or brownish part of the hindwing is intensely black. The contrast between the pale forewings and the black hindwings is remarkable. ab.fasciata Srschoff. Trudy Bnt.Hoss. 1882. 12.p.207. = badiofasciata Teich. otett.Ent. Z* 1883. 44. p 173. = >nigro-virgata Tutt. Brit. Moct. 1892. 3. p. 2p. The ground colour of the forewings light, the entire middle area filled with dark brown to blackish, standing out sharply. ab. obseura Aurivillius. Nord. Pjar.l887“88.p. l6l. Similar to the preceding but the ground colour reddish, the median area black- brown. Hardly worthy of separation from fasciata,the main character being the filled-in median area. ab. conjuncta Cockayne. Ent. Re c. 1951. t>3 p. l6l. On 'the fore-wing the black dot at the lower end of the reniform is extended as black line to 'the lower end of the orbicular. a ■ o o Noct. 251. p.l. Enargia Hbn. paleaoea Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1788. 4(l).p.323*pl.l22 f.p-4. = fulvago Hbn. (nec. Linn. ) Samml. Eur. Schraett. 1800-03.pl. 41 f . 1 199. aberrational foim3 etc. paleacea Esper. typical form — the forevings yellow or pale ochre-yellow. ab. angulago Haworth. Lap. Brit. 1809*p.239. Tile forewings golden. Most probably a synonym ox the type but most authors make it the richer, orange- yellow form. ab. citrina Cockayne. Ent. Eec. 1991. 08. p. l6l. The forewings pale yellow or straw colour, the markings normal. ab.teichi Krulikowsky. Bull. 3oc.I%t.Moscow.(lS93Jl$94>81. On the forewing3 the median 3pace is reddish or fuscous. This presumably means the area between the transverse lines is filled in, since , Krulikowsky named the form in C. trapezina (ab. rubella) with the same description, this form, quite well- lai own, has the triangle on the forewings filled completely with reddish. ab.fusca Schultz. Soc. Ent. 1899. 14. p. 139. (see Soc. Ent. 1900. 14* p. 165. form fixed) 'The extreme form of ab.teichi Krul. The median, and outer marginal field, of the forewing of a violet-brown colour. Hindwings darkened towards the base. In his first description of fusca Schultz gave the same description as that of teichi Krul. ,but mentioned a more extreme form in which the dark colour not only invaded the median area but spread to the outer margins. Later, in the same volume, he explained -that he did not know of ab.teichi Krul. at the time of writing, but that it must be a transitional form to his ab.fusca. He therefore restricted his name fusca to the more extreme specimen with the brown occupying about two thirds of the wing. ab.postulkae Skala. Ent. Z. 1929. 42. p. 317. Characterised by the lack of markings. This probably moans they are very weak or absent. <9 ’ 0 © y •j Noct. 252. Galamia Hbn. p • 1 • tridens Hufnagel. Seri. Mag. 1766. 3. p. 300. “ virens Linn. Cyst. Mat. 1767. ed. 12. p. 847. subspecies occidentalis Cockayne. Ent. Gaz. 1934. 3. p. 133. subsp. occidentalis Cockayne.- the race from the Burren, Co. Clare, smaller and blue- green instead of the yellow- green of the typical form, which does not occur in Britain. The forewing with white reniform, the fringe never cure white but showing a coloured line, from grey to red-brown, inside it. Hindwing grey, not white ab. iraraaculata Staudinger. Cat. Ed. 2. 1871.P. 99. Unicolorous green, without the white reniform spot. ab. bimaculata Krulikowsky. Bull. 3oc. Nat. Moscow J[ 1893 ) 1894. p. 65. Fprewing with two white 3pots,the reniform distinct, the other, small and round, in the cell. ab. rufata /arren. Seitz. 1911. 3. p. 241. The normally white reniform is filled with rufous-fuscous or edged with rufous. The whole hindwing brownish-grey with the fringe white. ab. thalassina barren. Seitz. 1911.3-P.241.pl. 48 row g. The outer half of the fringe of the forewings greenish, the hindwing green flushed with darker green. These two specimens are in the Iking collection and, in my opinion, are certainly artefacts, they appear to habe been dipped in a green liquid, the fringes being unevenly stuck together. ab. r u'brociliata Schawerda. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1931* 21. p. 3 6. The inner half of the fringe red-brown, the white reniform red-brown surrounded. All our Irish specimens, subsp. occidentalis Cockayne, show this character , the name therefore cannot be applied to our race. Other characters mentioned by Schawerda also agree with our specimens, the hindwings for instance, are grey particularly towards the outer margin, in the typical form they are white. It is possible that our Irish specimens originated from Spain, the same form appears to occur there as an aberration. ab. f lava ’Vohlfahrt. Ent. Z. 1923. 39. P. 36. Forewings yellow with a pale brown line inside the white fringes, orbicular absent, reniform pale, outwardly edged with pale brown .Towards the base yellow- green suffused, thorax and head yellow- green, antennae yellow, abdomen and hind- wings dirty pale yellow- green. Specimens which have been in contact with moisture can go yellow but since the antennae are also yellow the form would seem to be genuine. ab.decolorata Car ad j a. Iris. 1929. 43. p* 63. Thorax and forewings whitish with a very slight greenish suffusion in the middle area; C03ta and outer margin, also the apex, with a rosy shimmer. foot. 253 o. 1. Zenobia Oken, retusa Linn, Faun, Suec.l 761.0. 321. = vetula Hubner. Beitr. 1/88. 1(3). p. 13.pl. 2 f. H. aberrational forms etc. retusa Linn, typical form — the forewings olive-greyish, with three pale strip ab'. gracilis Haworth. Lep. Brit, 1809. p. 2^1. The forewings brown (fuscous) with two main stripes less, distinct than normal. Tutt, varren and other authors, probably copying Tutt, say this form is reddish- tinted, but there is nothing in the original description to suggest this, Haworth describes it a3 fuscous , whereas his retusa is greyish-fuscous. If gracilis is to be considered an aberration it is merely more brown than the type form. ab. grisea Lempke, Tijdschr. nt, 1942, 83, p. 87. The forewings dark grey. This would seem little more than a synonym of the type since the Linnaean description was ashy-grey,not olive-brownish as Lempke states in his Catalogue. ab.niotitan3 Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. 1942, 83,0. 87. The circumscription of the stignata,and the transverse lines, strikingly pale, sharply contrasting. . TToct, 2^4. p. 1. Zenobia Oken, subtusa Schiff. /ien Verz. 1775.?. 88, aberrational forms etc. subtusa Schiff, typical form - forewings olive- grey or greyish-fuscous. ab'. pallida Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1892. 3. p. 20. Forewings pale whitish-grey ,with scarcely a trace of the olive tint generally present, and no suggestion of fuscous. ab. grisea Leap Ice. Tijdschr. Snt. 1942, 8p.p. 87. Ground colour of the forewings pure dark grey. ab. rufescens Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1942, 83. p. 86. The ground colour of the forewings reddish-grey. ab. rufolineata Lempke. Tijdschr. 3nt. 1942. 88. p. 87. The transverse lines and circumscription of the stignata reddish-yellow. ab. obsoleta Lempke. rijdschr. Snt. 1942. 8p.p. 87. The circumscription of the stigaata completely absent or almost so. ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. 1942. 83. p. 87. (description vol. 82. p. 197 ) The stigmata united by a double line, instead of joining. fl c * « <> Noct. 255 p. 1. iJhizedra Varren, lutosa Hbn. Samnl. Eur. Schmett. 1800-03. aberrational forms etc. lutosa Hbn. typical form — Hubner's figure shows a very pale form, rather strongly tinted with pink, probably an exaggeration. Mo black dusting and no row of black spot3 in the postmedian area. 1 ab.pilicornis Haworth. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1812. 1. p. 336. = bathyerga Boia. Isis 1833. 28. p. 323. = bathyerga Freyer. Neu Beitr,1836.2.p.122.pl.l70 f.l. forewings reddish- grey, ( cinereo-rufescentibus ), scarcely dusted, with six small fuscous spots forming an outer curved stripe. Hindwings white. Bole's bathyerga was pale straw coloured ,with a curved row of dark spots. The hindwings pale, the row of spots becoming extinct. Freyer received his specimen, figured as bathyerga,from Bo.ie,so presumably it is the 3ame . The figure shows the forewings pale straw with a row of dark soot 3 the upperside of the hindwings in our copy shows a pinkish suffusion which may or not bo due to the artist trying to give the sheen seen on lutosa in certain lights. Neither of these bathyerga are different enou^i to separate fror pilicornis. ab. crassicomis Haworth. Lep. Brit. I8O9.0. 173. Haworth says this form is very similar to the figure in Hubners Samrnl. Eur. Schmett pi. 8p f. 396* , except in size and the antennae. This figure shows heavy dark dusting at the base of the forewing stretching out ray-like along .the inner- margin and middle vein, to the centre of the wing. Haworth's description only mentions the wings being dusted with numerous inconspicuous fuscous atoms. There are six larger points or dots in a curved line in the outer area and the wings are greyish-red. Hindwings fuscous with yellowish fringes. ab.vectis Curtis. Brit. Ent. 1833. 10. p.439 fig. Pale ochreous,the forewings alternately marked with numerous ochreous and cream lines, the nervures being pale; the central nervure suffused with reddish-ochre, also the one next the inner margin which is slightly freckled with black; a fuscous dot at the disc and a curved line of dots in the outer area, the margin bears 7 black dots. Hindwings white slightly tinted with ochre and freckled with brown below the centre where there is a pale spot shining through from beneath; the obscure line of fuscius dot3 i3 continued across the wing and there are a few black dots on the margin. ab. cannae Stephens. ( nec. Ochs. ) Ill. Haust. 1829. 3. P. 73. Misidentified as cannae Ochsenheimer by Stephens but since most authors use the name as an aberration c£ lutosa it is included here . Forewings pale reddish, or yellowish-ash, with afew minute dusky atoms , with some larger spots at base and a row still more distinct towards the outer margin forming an arcuated 3triga; in the middle of the disc a single spot of similar hue. Hindwings reddish or yellowish-ash. Differs from the following rufescens Tutt in having bhe transverse row of well defined do ts across the forewing. no* «t * o lutosa Hbn. continued. Moot. 255. p.2. ab.rufescens Tutt. Brit. Noct.l891.1.p.55 & 56. Forewings reddish or reddish-oehreous without longitudinal shades and without a transverse row of dots so the markings are practically obsolete, as in the type, ab. ruf escens-suffusa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891.1. p. 55 & 5&» Forewing reddish-ochreous, with a transverse row of dot3 and strongly developed longitudinal shades as in ab. crassicornis. ab. lechneri Feb el. Serge's 3chmett.1910.Bd. 9. p. 226. (fig. Tijdschr.Ent. 41. pi. 2 f.^i Forewings thickly black-grey dusted, only the veins, a streak on the median fold and a longitudinal spot in the cell remaining pale. The figure is very good. 1 ab. strigata Rebel. Bor go's Schmett.1910.Bd. 9.0. 226. (fig. Tijdschr.BJit.41.pl. 2 f.2 ’7ith a toothed outer transverse line on all wings, also, on the forewings, some indication of an anti-median line. Turner seems to think this the result of "a deposit of fluid which saturated the body and spread along the wings irregularly. ", but we have specimens agreeing exactly with the description and figure. ab. rufovenosa Schille. Zts. /is a. Ins. Biol. 1918. 14. p. 120. Th9 chief character of this form would appear to be the broad reddish veins and similarly coloured fringes, on the completely dark grey hindwings. The forewings are ochre-yellowish-grey with paler veins and outer row of black spots, dark grey suffused on the hind -mar gin and a similarly coloured streak running from the base below the median nervure, reaching the end of the cell. ab.postradiata Cockayne. Bnt, Hec.1952* 64. p. 191.pl. S.f.lO. The hindwing,with the exception of the basal area, is thickly powdered with black scales and the nervures are very black, leaving the interneural spaces pale and giving a radiated appearance. On the forewing there is a broad black subcostal s streak running outwards from the base and another black streak running along the median nervure and extending on either side of it; from both these streaks thin black lines run on each side of the nervures out to the termen; there is a third shorter and broader black streak, not so well defined, running along vein 1. ‘The chief character, as in the preceding form, would appear to be the radiated hindwing. ab. maxima Horn. & ALsxinschi. Bull.Fac. Sti. Cernauti 1930* 4.p. p08. fig. =— ' » -9 Noct. 2p6. p.l. Ar enostola Harapson, pygnina Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809. p. 17o, = fulva Hubnsr. Samml. Bur. Schmett. 1809“ 13* pi. 10 6 f. 496. aberrational forma etc. pygnina Hav/orth. typical form — forewings reddish, hardly veined, hind?/ in gs fuscous. fulva Hubner is hardly separable from pygnina, the figure being far too bright to be of much use, it is meant to represent the reddish form since Herrich- Jchaf fer refigures it far less bright and describes it as red. Putt however invents the colour" rose"for Haworth's pygnina and separates Hubner 's fulva as being extremely bright brick-red and, later, as bright ferruginous-red. As mentioned before it seems quite impossible to name an aberration of colour on the hand- painted figures in the older works, which vary in individual copies. ab. fulva Hubner. Samml. Bur. Schmett. 1809”13«pl. 10 6 f. 496. Treated here as a synonym of the type but many authors, putt, /arren,Lempke,ete make it an aberration , on the strength of Hubner' s richly coloured figure and describe it as "fulvous rufous" ," extremely bright red or brick-red" ," bright rust-red or bright red-brown" and"rich rufous". If desired the name can stand for the reddest examples but in my opinion Haworth gave his name to the red form ana Hubner 's figure is an exaggeration on the cart of the artist. ab. pallida Stephens Ill. Haust. 1829. 3. p. 78. Forewings ochraceous-white,the costa and central nervure obscurely fuscescent. Hindwings whitish with a slight ashy tinge towards the outer margin. ab. concolor Putt. Brit. Moot. 1891. l.p. 44 & 4p. ( see Entom. 1888. 21. p.222) The correct reference for this form is Brit.Noct (as above )not Entom. 21, which is Guenee's description of concolor (extrema) , not a fulva. form. Putt in his Brit.Noct. states that he gives the name concolor Putt to the whitish form in the present species, with the following description - A whitish form, with or without transverse row of dots, with or without longitudinal shade. ab. neurioa Stephens Ill. Haust. 1829. p. p. 79. Forewings ochraceous or pale fu3co-ruf e scent, with a bifid fuscescent cloud at the base, enclosing a whitish space; the nervures, especially towards the apex, slightly fuscescent; an arcuated row of minute blackish dots in the outer area. Hindwings pale whitish-ash, the outer margin rather darker. ab. ochracea Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891. l.p. 44 05 43. Forewings bright yellow-ochr ecus, without longitudinal shades and with only the faintest trace of the transverse ro w of dots. ab. ochracea-suf fusa Putt. Brit. Noct. 1891. 1. p. 44. 4p. Forewings bright yell ow-ochreous, the spaces between the nervures powdered with dark scales, having the appearance of dark longitudinal shades. * - Noct. 256. P.2. pygjnina Haworth, continued. ao.punicoa Tutt. Brit. Poet. 1891. l.p. 45. Forewings pinkish- grey with the row of transverse dots more or less developed but without longitudinal shades. ab.punicea-suff usa Tutt. Brit. Moot. 1891. l.p. 45. Forewings pinkish- grey, with the so aces between the nervures powdered with dark scales having the appearance of longitudinal shades, a3 in ochracea-suffusa Tutt. ab. fu3ca Lerapke. Tijdschr.Snt. 1942. 83. p. 73. Ground colour of the forewings black-brown. ab. transversa Staudinger. Gat. Ed. 3. 1901»p. 190. Dull reddish-grey to reddish, with two distinct blackish transverse lines. Described from Ssthonia and possibly a subspecies there. Some English specimens show the transverse dots almost linking up into lines on the outer row, so the form, may possibly occur here as a rare aberration. ab. nigrooiota Huene. Stett.Bnt. Zts.l901.p.l57 i-3 almost cetainly the same since Huene sent specimens to Staudinger but Draudt in Seitz 3« Suppl.p. 192 transversa Stgr. in pygmina and nigropicta in fluxa Hubner. Both forms are from Ssthonia. ab. lutea Cockayne. Snt. Rec. 19fl. 63. p. lol. Ground colour of the forewings is clear yellow ,with no trace of rufous •"O'! I Arenostola H amp son, Noct.257. P.l, extrema Iiubner. Samrnl. Eur. 3chmett.1803-08.pl. 88 f. 412. =concolor Guenee. Moot. 18^2. p.p. I03. aberrational forms etc. ab, radiata /agner. Int, Ent. Z. 1922, l6, p, 39* Forewings showing along the veins an accumulation of dark scales giving a rhdiated appearance. Similar to the ab. nigristriata Stgr. ox’ Senta maritima. ab, depunctata Lempke, Tijdschr. Ent. 1942, 83, p, ~J4. The row of dots in 'the -place of the outer transverse line fails Noct. 258. p.l. .irenostola Hampson. fluxa Hubner. Samral. Eur. Schmett. 1308-09. pi. 88. f . 413. = j unci Boisduva'l. Ind.Meth. 18-40. p. 134* fluxa Hubner. typical form — forewings bright red-brown. The figure is bad. junci Boisduval is made a synonym because, according to G-uenee,the specimen was devoid of scales, so the description "pale straw" is deceptive. ab. saturata Staudinger. Cat.Ed.2. 187I.P. 1©7. Pore wings dark reddish-brown, often totally red. ab. hellmanni Eversmann. Bull. 3oc. Nat. Moscow. 1843. l6.p. 348. Porewings stone colour , similar to L. lithargyrea (sordiae lithargyreae ) ‘The colour is dirty, greyish ochreous,the tint of the less reddish form of lithargyrea. ‘IUrner calls it the "grey" form, but lithargyrea is hardly grey, and says Tutt describes it as grey, which is not so, Tutt gives Staudinger’ s description which is "pale, greyish or reddish straw-colour". ‘Tile form is as common in England as the redder forms, probably more so. ab.expressata Krulikowsky. Kev.Russa Ent. 1907.7* p. 11. (Soc.Ent. 23. p. 11. ) Fore wings with strongly emphasised black transverse lines. ab.pulverosa Warren. Seitz. 1911.3. p.236. pi. 49 f. The grey dusting very strong, the dots of the outer line obsolete, and the veins dark. Arenostola H amps on. TToct.259. p.l. raorrisii Dale. Naturalist 1337. 2.p. 88. = bondii Khaggs. Trans. Ent. 3oc. Lond.lSol.^.p. 133* aberrational forms etc. ab. impura Schwingens chu s s . Verb. zool. -bot. Ges. Vien.1923. 73*P» (28). Forewings with a spot-like, black- grey, darkening in the middle field along the veins, and streak-like darkening in the cells in the outer area. elror - ab. obscura Schwingenschuss. (Draudt in Seitz 3« Suppl.p. 192. ) Draudt includes this form in error, it belongs to ^igrotis latens Hbn. Noot. 260, P.l. Arenostola Hampson, elymi 'Treitschke. dehmett. Eur. 182^.2, p.294. aberrational forms etc. ab. saturatior Staudinger. ,3tett. Ent. Zts. 1889. pO. p. 4’7. Described as an ab. and subsp. ,from Hussia. Forewings darker mixed, and stronger marked than typical form; hindwings darker blackish- grey. Staudinger cites Oberthur Etudes p.pl.9 f.2 as belonging to this form but the figure in no w uy answers to his description. Turner has named this figure as a 'race -askoldensis - because of its smaller size and the row of little dots on the nervures of the hindwings. ab. depunctata Nordstrom. Svenska Fjarilar. 1940. p. 192. The row of black spots, in the outer area of the forewing, absent. ab.renifera Nordstrom Svenska Fjarilar. 1940. p. 192. The reniform fairly distinct. Noct. 26l p.l. nrenostola Hampson. brevilinea Penn. Snt. Mon. Mag. 1864. 1. p. 107. aberrational forms etc. ab. sinelinea Farn. Entom. I878. ll.p. 103. The short black line at the base of the forewing absent. This is sometimes referred to as alinea in label lists. 7 ab. typica-suffusa Edelsten. Snt. Fee. 190414. p. 103. Suffused with dark smoky-grey scales. ab. typica-nigrof asciata Edelsten. Snt. Sec. 1902. 14. p. lOp, Servures 2-3 edged with black,making a longitudinal fascia, more or less connected with central spot and basal dash. ab. typica-bilinea Edelsten. Snt. dec. 1902. 14. p. lOp. The lowest spot of the ante-median transverse row, and the lowest of the post¬ median row, run into each other or unite, to form a black dash or streak, above the inner margin. 'This must be a rare fom. ab. typica-pallida Edelsten. Snt. Sec. 1902. 14. p. lOp. powdered with light scales, especially along the costal margin. ab. typica-ruf escens Edelsten. Snt. Pec. 1902. 14. p. 103. Ground colour of the forevdngs reddish. ab. sinelinea-suffusa Edelsten. Snt. Pec. 1902.14. p. 103. Forewings without ba3al line and suffused with dark smoky- grey scales. ab. sinelinea-nigrof asciata Sdelsten. Snt. Pec. 1902. 14.p. 103. Forewings -without basal line, the nervures 2-p edged with black,making a longitudinal fascia, more or less connected with the central spot and basal line ab. sinelinea-nallida Edelsten. Snt. Pec. 1902. 14. p. 103. Forewings without basal line, powdered with light scales, especially along the costal margin. ab. sinelinea-ruf escens Sdelsten. Snt. Pec. 1902. 14. p. 103. Forewings without basal line, the ground colour reddish. ab. sinelinea-ochracea Sdelsten. Snt. Sec. 1902. 14.p. 103. Forewings without basal line, the usual row of dots slightly indicated, the ground colour light ochreous, slightly dusted with bla.ck scales. — 9 9 TToct 262 F.l Arenostola Hampson. phragmitidis Hubner. Samral. Bur. Sehraett. 1800-03.pl. 47 f. 230. = semicana Bsper. Bur. Schmott. 1804. 4. ( 2 ) .0. 34. pi. 189. f . 5. aberrational forms etc. phragmitidis Hbn. typical form — forewings .yellowish with rather broad reddish outer margins. Since there is soma doubt about semicana Bsper it is placed provisionally aa a synonym, although the margins are not red. It is possibly another species. ? ab. verecunda Bversmann. Bull. 3oc. Nat.Moscow. 1848. 3. p. 219. The description as regards colour and pattern is practically the same as Tutt's pallida, the following form, but doubt is raised as to its species by Bversmann’s statement that it is "the same size and shape as L.pallens" which phragmitidis is not. If it is phragnitidis, it has priority over pallida Tutt. Forewings unicolorous pale or whitish-yellow. Hindwings somewhat brownish except on costa. ab. pallida Tutt. Bntora. 1888. 21. p. 2p4. Forewings of a pale unicolorous whitish-ochreous,with a slight greenish tinge, perfectly clear and unspotted, and no trace of red. ab. ruf escens Tutt. Entom. 1888. 21. p. 254. Forewings entirely suffused with rich deep red, the outer margin being slightly darker. Hindwings bright shiny grey, with oaler nervures. ab. olive scens Warren. Seitz. 1911. 3»P»235. Forewings smooth olive-grey,the hindwings dark grey. !e have the type in the S.G.K. collction at Tring and it does not agree with the description, the forewings showing little or no grey, and the hindwings are not dark grey. ab. morawitzii Menetries. Enum. Go rip. Anim. Mus. Petr op. Lap, (3). I863.pl. l6 f . 8, The figure shows the forewing3 very pale, almost white ,over the basal third, gradually becoming more dusky towards the outer margins where they are blackish- grey,with no tint of red or yellow. If the figure is to be relied on it is an extraordinary form; there is no text except that Morawitz says that the specimen was worn but probably a phragnitidis. ab.maculata /arnecke. Neue Beitr. §yst. Ins. 1922. 2. p. 93. Forewings showing in the region of the reniform a sma.ll dark, dull ochre-yellow to yellow-brown, spot, and an orbicular of similar colour. Both dark spots stand out sharply from the pale straw-yellow surrounding area. 9 (» Q Moot. 263. n. 1. Oria Hubner. musculosa Hubner. Samml. Bur. Schmett, 1803~08.pl. 78 f.363. frunnentalis Lindemann. Bull. Soc. Mat. Mo scow. 1883. 1. p. 14p. aberrational forms etc. musculosa Hubner. typical form — the figure of Hubner i3 very bad, it would seem to suggest a yellow ground with greenish- grey stripes, not sandy-brown as most of our British specimens show. frugmentalis Lindemann had the forewings pale yellowish scaled with two white longitudinal lines. f ab.flava Freyer. Uau. Beitr. 1846. 4. p. 142.pl. 370 f.2. Forcings fawn or faded yellow, varying to pale brown, the two. stigaata white, the longitudinal stripes whitewall the veins brown and clearly marked. II indwings dirty white to brown-yellow. This is the form usually found in England, whether or not Hubner ’s figure is meant to represent this is impossible to say, it is separated here as being sandy-brown without the grey tint. ab.olivina alpheraky. Oberth. Lap. Comp. 1913. 7. p. 233.pl. 194 f.L. Fo rowings grey-olive, with the ordinary markings of the type white-yellowish. ab. dirini dlphoraky. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1913. 7. p. 233.pl. 194.f.M. Forewings reddish-yellow or rust coloured, the longitudinal streaks whitish. Tlie figure shows the wing3 almost orange with a slight brown tint, nlpheraky says the figure of this and the preceding are a true likeness. Noct. 264. TJonagria Ochs. p.l. algae Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1789.4(2) ,p. 441.pl. 140 f. 1 & 2. = cannae Ochsenheimer. Schmett. Eur. 18l6. 4. p. 82. = russa Bversmann. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mb sc. 1847. 3«P« 79» aberrational forms etc. algae Esper typical form male with forewings rufous, female forewings pale ocjiraceous; the veins blackish, a series of blackish spots towards the margin. 23sper's plate was issued long before the text; Borkh&usen gave a description of the figure in 179 2 but Esper was the author. ab. brunneo-ochrascens Strand, arch. Eaturg. 191p. 81. A 11. p. Ib5. Pale brownish-ochreous slightly tinged with rufous. Presumably a male form with the appearance of the female. ab. x usca Bowles. Ent. Pec. 1898. 10. p. 287. = fumata Varren. Seitz. 1911. 3»p. 238.pl. 49, row K. Ivfale-f ore-rings very dark fuscous-brown with the mar Icings scarcely visible. In the female fuscous -brown, the markings distinct. 'arreni fumata had the forewings, especially in the male, dark brown or black- brown. ab. rosea 3owles. Ent. Pec. 1898. 10. p. 287. Male - forewings, fringes of hindwings,of a warm red. Female suffused with a rosy shade. Much brighter in fresh specimens, fading later. ab.liturata /arron. Seitz. 1911, 3*p.238.pl. 49 row K. Forewings with both lines complete and dentate throughout, the median vein thickly black. The figure is bad and does not agree with the description. ab. obsoleta Bowles. Ent. Eec.1898. 10. p.287. Desribed from single female. Forewings pale yellow ,wainscot markings wanting, exceot the two lowest black dots. ab. impunctata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1941. 84. p. 3 44-. On the forewings the outer row of black dots fails. A slightly more extreme form than the preceding. r 3 3 “» Q J 1 *' c* •> * Noct. 265. P.l. Monagria Ochs. sparganii Esner. Eur. Sehraett. 1786. 4(2). p. 481.pl. 148 f. 2 & 3. aberrational forms etc. sPar&anii Bsper. typical form — forewings yellowish with faint reddish tint, dusted with dark scales; a. crescent shaped spot in place of the reniform and an outer row of dark spots. ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891. l.p. 53. = 'pniformis Dufrane. Lamb. .1935* 35. p. 54* Forewings pale ochreous as in the type, sparingly scaled with fuscous scales, the nervures simply a little more dusky than the ground, the black lunule and all the markings of the central area, obsolete, the two transverse rows of dots fainter than in the type. Dufrane 's form had only the external row of dots. ab. inpun eta ta Turner. Ent. Sec. 1930. 42. Suppl. ( Brit. Noct ) p. ( 155 ) . - immaculate -Dufrane. Lamb* 1935. 35. p. 54. Forewings with no trace of the outer row of black dots parallel with the margin Dufrane’s form had the spots forming the lines, even the external one, absent. ab. bipunctata Tutt. Brit. Noct. I89I. l.p. 53. 'Forewings pale ochreous with no trace of the normal dark shade along the median nervure and no scattered black scales. A short black line on the median nervure, just before the centre of the wing, above which can be traced the faintest possible outline of the orbicular; the black lunular mark (which is the lower part of the reniform) and this short black line stand out conspicuously, making two distinct characters on the plain ground. The outer row of dark dots less distinct than the row placed just within the fringe. ab, rufescens Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891. l.p. 54. (see Hubner Eur. Sclimett. fig. 54-9 ) = rufescens Strand. (nom.preoc. ) Arch. Naturg.1915. 85. A ll.p.165. = rufescentella Strand (non nov.pro rufescens Strand). Lamb. 1927. 27. p. 86. The ground colour much suffused with reddish-bchr eous , the characteristic markings and fuscous shade under the median nervure generally strongly developed. These red varieties are exceedingly suffused-in some instances-with fuscous scales under all the nervures and the hindwings especially in the males, are sometimes very dark. Hubner figures this red form, fig. 549. Strand names the red form — strongly suffused with reddish, hindwing suffused with black except the terminal area. ’This seems no different from Tutt ? s rufescens, but Strand, finding that Tutt had used the name, re-names his own rufescens" rufescentella1' without apparently realizing that the forms were the same. ab. rosea Nightman. Ent. Fee. 1930. 42. Suppl. ( Brit. Noct). n.(l55)» Forewing with normal mar Icings but pale pink with a slight orange tint, the nervures paler pink. Hindwings pale ochreous-white. ab. lutea Nightman. Ent. Fee. 1930. 42. Suppl. ( Brit. Noct. ) p. (155* Forewing with normal markings but the ground colour bright clear sulphur. Hind¬ wings paler yellow with black suffusion at the base. ab. rufa Nightman. Ent. Fee. 1930. 42. Suppl. (Brit. Noct) p. (156) Forewings with normal markings but the ground colour rich, deep, coppery red. Hindwings pale reddish, with dark grey streaks from base to centre of wing. ab. nigro striata ;ightman. Ent. Fee. 1930. 42. Suppl. (Brit. Noct) p. (156). Colour as in type. A black streak under the median nervure from the base to the postmedian row of dots; a fine blackish line just inside the hind -margin ( inner- margin?) and another just below costa. Hindwings with distinct black- grey streaks from base to centre of wing. 0 Moot. 265. P.2. sparganii Esper. continued ab. roseoradiata '/ightman. Ent. Fee. 1930. 42. Sippl. (Brit. Hoc t) p. (156). Colour as in type but the black lines below costa and above hind-rnargin( inner- margin ?) replaced by streaks of purplish-red colour, the dark shade under the central nervure also suffused with purplish-red, which spreads out on to the adjacent areas of the wing, so that the major portion is red or red- suffused yet the pale ground colour, quite free from scattered red scales, is present as two pale wide streaks, one just above the central nervure, and the other halfway between the dark shading under the median nervure and the inner margin. Hind¬ wing pale smoky-ochreous with distinct black-grev streaks from base to centre and tinged with pink. ab.deleta Vightraan. Ent. Bee. 1930. 42. Suppl. (Brit. foot) p. (Ip6). Similar to the preceding, with streaks of purplish-red colour below costa and above inner margin, but the dark shade under the central nervure is absent. ab. clara Turner. Ent ,Kec. 1930. 42. Suopl. ( Brit. TToct) p. ( 153 ) . Extremely light in ground colour. The hindwings are very pale straw, almost white, with just a uniform slightly creamy tinge. The forewings are only -slight! darker, ochreous cream, without any suggestion of rufous, brown or pink. The marginal and antemargins.1 lines of black points are complete, only three dots in the lower part of the reniform are present and a dark scale or two represent the basal transverse line. ab. unimaculata Dumont. Bull. Soc. Ent. Prance. 1926. p. I08. Forewings with the marginal line of black points a.lone well marked but less str strongly than in the type; the postmedia.n row is scarcely indicated by a minute point on each nervure; the reniform is only represented by a black mark made up of four dots. There is a complete absence of the powdering or dusting on the nervures. ab. obscura Dufraiie. Lamb. 1935. 35.p. 3>4. Forewings uniformly sprinkled with grey-reddish atoms, the spots forming the external line only just visible. Hindwings very dark. ab.nigrosignata Cockayne. Ent. Bee. 1952. 64. p. i92.pl. 8 f . 11. On the forewing there is a short black streak at the base running along the median nervure; there is a black spot between nervures 2 & 3ja nd another occupyir the lower end of the renifoim; there is an oval black soot in the upper part of i the reniform, the external outline forming the external outline of the stigna, and there are scattered black scalea uniting this with the black spot in the lower part; along the termen there is a row of black interneural dots, from each of which dark scales run out into the inner half of the fringe. , 23.0. 20 ab. nigrescens Horch V erh. V er. Naturw. Heiraatforsch. Hamburg. f Moot. 266. Nbnagria Ochs, P.l. typhae Thnbg. Ins. Suec. (Dissert )1784.1.p. 3. = arundinis Fabr. Mantissa 1787. 2,p. 141, = latifolia Lang. Vers. Ed. 2.1789.0. 142. aberrational thorns etc. typhae Thnbg. typical form — light brownish grey, with fuscous striation. ?.ab, nervosa Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1790*4(2) .p. 479* pi. 148 f.l. Most authors include this a3 a form of typhae but in my opinion it is not, Esper figures the dark form of typhae on an earlier plate (pi. 40 fig. p ) as a var,3 and the typical forms-figs. 3 & 4,and therefore knew the species well. The figure of nervosa has black hindwings and Esper* s description says they are unicolorous black-grey, a colour I have never seen in typhae hindwings, the form is therefore not included here . 3orkhausen renamed nervosa Esper as Ihalaena fraterna and here again the description i3 not satisfactory for the dark brown typhae, the forewings were light grey-brown,the hindwings grey-brown. ab, fraterna Treitschke. 3chmett.Eur.1835. 10. (2). p. 99. This seems the most satisfactory name and author for the dark brown to blackish form. The description says11 unicolorous brown or blackish, and almost markingLesV Various authors give BorkhaU3©n as 'the author but his description does not fit the dark form of typhae, the forewings being described as light grey-brown and the hindwing3 grey-brown. Bor khausen *s fraterna is the seme as Esper 's nervosa which on account of its blackish hindwings is not included here. ab. obsoleta Dufrane. Lamb. 1932. 32. p. 83. On the for swings the black spots before the submarginal line are completely effaced, or reduced to barely a few black atoms. ab. punctata Dufrane. Lamb. 1932. 32»P* 83. On the forewings the black spots before the submarginal line are large, very black, and extended. O n 9 •» * '"T.i' -.tO. Toot. 267. p.l. Nonagria Ochs. geminip uncta Hawo rth. hep. Brit. 180 9. p. 1 76. = guttans Hubner. Saraml.Eur. Schmett. I8i4-i7.pl. 137. f* 628 1629. aberrational forms etc. geminipuncta Haworth, typical form — forewings reddish-fuscous, the inner margin more rufous. Two white .spots in the roniform. ab.paludicola Hubner. Saraml.Eur. Schmett. 1814-17* pi. 136 f. 624. (nec.pl. 139 f’. 637- The figure shows the forewings dark brown, the roniform edged on its inner side with white and not separated into the two spots of the type form. The veins towards the outer margin dusted with white, probably somewhat exaggerated. Hubner figures another paludicola,a male, which is nothing like the first figure a female, it has orange-brown costa and inner margin, with no white on the veins, see pi. 139 f. 637. ab. unip uncta Tutt. Entom. 1888. 21. p. 226. Like the type but with only the lower half of the reniform white, therefore with only one white point. ab. obsoleta Tutt. Entom. 1888. 21. p. 226. Like the type but with the white twin spots, characteristic of the type, altogether absent. ab. pallida Tutt. Brit. Hoct. 1 891. 1. p. 51. Forewings pale reddish-ochreous with two white spots in the reniform. ab. pallid a- unip uncta Tutt. Brit. fact. 1891. l.p. 51- Pale reddish-ochreous with only one white spot in the reniform. 1 ] ab.pallida-obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891. l.p. 51. Pale reddish-ochreous , with no white spots in the reniform. ab.rufa Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1891. l.p. 51. Clear reddish-brown, two white spots in the reniform. ab. r ufa- unip uncta Tutt. Brit, Noct. 1891. 1. p. pi. Clear reddish-brown, one white spot in the reniform. ab. ruf a-obsoleta Tutt. 3rit, Noct. 1891. l.p. 31* Clear reddish-brown, reniform without any white dots. ab. f usca Tutt. Brit. Noct. 18'91. 1. p. 51. Forewings blackish-fuscous or sooty-black &»& the reniform with two white spots. ab. f usca- unip uncta Putt. Brit. Noct. 1891. 1. p51. Forewings blackish-fuscous or sooty-black, with one white spot in the reniform. ab. nigricans Staudinger. Cat, ed» l»186l.p. 4b. ( Saraml.Eur. Bchmett.pl.pl. 136 f/24 Forewings blackish. Staudinger cites Hubner *3 paludicola, Samral. Sur. Schmett. fig. 62 4, which however shows white dusted veins in th marginal area of the forewing. In his Cat. ad. 2 , Staudinger says the form is totally blackish, the reniform indistinct. a lNToct. 267. geminipuncta Haworth. 0.2. ab. nigropunctata Krorabach. Int. Ent. Z. 1920. 13.p. 180. The reniforra and orbicular each showing as a black spot. Putt * 3 obsoleta,which had the two white spot3 in the reniform absent, presumably- had no orbicular although this is unlikely, practically all geminipuncta showing a small black dot . The present form can only be separated from obsoleta by the renSbrm and orbicular being very definite black spots, it is more than nrobably a synonym of obsoleta ab. .jaeschkei 'arnecke. Int. Ent. Z. 19^9* 23. P. 7« fig. I'orewings with distinct dark doubled transverse lines, which border the middle- field on both sides, therefore on the basal, as well as the outer-marginal, side. - 4 4 -» TJoct.268. Nonagria Ochs. p.l. dissoluta freitschke. Schmett.Eur. 1825. 5 (2), p.319, (citing Hubner. S.Sur. Bchmt.f. 659-61) = hessii Boisduval. Ind.Meth. 1840. p. 134. = brunnescens Rangnow. Int. Ent. z. 1934. 27.p. 531. aberrational forms etc. dissoluta Treitschke. typical form — ■ forewings black-brown,figs. o59“66l in Hubner. Samral.Eur. 3climett.pl. 144. The underside showing a dark discoidal on all four wings. This is the melanic form, much less common than the light form ab. ar undine ta Schmidt, in Britain. ab. arundineta Schmidt. Stett. Ent. 1. 1 858.0. 369. (H. -S. Sy3t. Bear’d. 2. pi. 68 f . 347-8) Forewings brownish-yellow. The common form in Britain, the females less marked with blackish dusting, especiall:/ in the middle areajin the males there is a horizontal line, or streak, of dark brownish or blackish dusting, from the base almost to the margin. ab. f lava Turner. Ent. Eec, 1930* 42. Suppl. ( Brit. Noct ) p. ( 147 ) . Forewings yellow with the dark markings suppressed. The usual colour is a rufous, tending to pinkish,and not yellow without pinkish tinge. ab. rosea Tutt. Entom. 1888.21. p.225. Like the light form ab. arundineta but the whole of the forewings suffused with a rich rosy colour. Described under neurica Hubner, the name used for this species at Putt's time of writing. For neurica Hbn. ,see the next species noct. 269. ab. striata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. 1941. 84. p. 347. Ground colour of the forewings brown-yellow to brown, with dark suffused costa and strong dark suffusion along the median vein. o Noct. 269, p.l. Wonagria Ochs. neurica Hubner. Samrtil. Eur. Schmett. I803-O8.pl. 82 f . 38I. =edelsteni Tutt. 1908. 20. p. 164. aberrational forms etc. neurica Hubner. typical form — for swings greyish-brown. ab. ruf escens Edels ten. Ent. Mon. Mag, 19H* 47. p. 207. "Heddish form". 7 ab. f usca Bdels ten. Ent. Mon. Mag. 1911. 47. p. 207. (! Blackish-brown form. " ab. nigra Wightman. Ent. Sec. 1931« 43. p. 106. "An extreme black form, quite distinct from ab.fusca Edelsten." Forewings intense black, unicolor ous, except for two small white dots present in the type and aberrations of this species. Hindwings nearly as dark as the forewingsj the thoracic crest white as in the typical form. ab. pallida Lempke. Tfjdschr.Ent. 1941. 84. p. J46. Forewings pale yellowish-brown. Moot. 270 p. 1. Coenobia Stephans rufa Haworth. Lop. Brit. 1809. p.260. aberrational forms etc. rufa Haworth, typical form — forewings unicolorous rufous. Mo mention is male of a fuscous longitudinal streak. ab.despecta Treitschke. Sohmett. Bur. 1825. 5(2). p. 311. Forewings dirty yellow-brown with strong gloss , rust coloured towards the fringes. This is the original description by Treitschkej Hubner 's figure of it, and Herrich Schaffer’s description and figure, do not agree with it in colour. Putt and Turner apparently did not know of Treitschke' s description since they give only Hubner as author. ab. lineola Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1829. 3. p. 123. Forewings greyish-red, with a longitudinal fuscous streak at the base and a faint transverse row of minute fuscous spots. Stephens obviously used the name "lineola” because of the longitudinal fuscous streak. Haworth does not mention this in his description of rufa so Stephens presumed it ha.d no streak: it must be assumed that it is not present in the type. ab. pallida Tu.tt. Entom. 1888. 21. p. 208. - peJLlescens Tutt. Entom. 1888. 21. p. 209. "A pale grey form with no trace of red.". Tutt named this form again as "pallescens" on the next page with the description - varying from pale grey to almost white , without a trace of the rufous . ab. fuses. Bankes. Bnt, Hec„1909.21.p. 4. = rubicundipennis Strand. Lep. Catalogus. 1912. part 5*P .45. Forewings dark fuscous, somewhat tinged with red. Hindwings dark grey, paler towards the base. Strand named Hampson's ab.l, which was Banke's Dorset form fusca. 3 $ <• a ^ a ■a o n 'j Panemeria Hubner. ''root. 272. p.l. tenebrata Scop. Ent. Garn. 1763. p. 230. =domestica Hufn. Berl. Mag. 1766. 3.p. 83. = arbuti Fabr. Syst.Ent. 1775.p. 6l6. = policula Lang. Verz. 1782. p. 159. - fasciola Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1790.4(2 ).P. 333. pi. 163 f.l. = heliaca Hubner. Samrnl. Eur. Schmett.1800-03.pl. 64 f. 3I0. aberrational forms etc. tenebrata Scop, typical form — hindwings yellow band occupying about one third of the wing, the basal third black, the marginal third black with white fringe. Forewings brown with varied markings. ab. albescens Cocker ell.A 1889. 22. p. 126. (see Newman Brit. Moths. p. 442. ) The yellow of the hindwing replaced by white. ab, nigrescens Cockayne. Ent.Rec. 1944. 56.0.56. The yellow of the hindwings replaced by blackish -brown. ab. flavescens Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1933* 4 7 « P» 19. The band of the hindwings is pale yellow, not deep yellow of the type. The specimen fresh, not faded. ab.obscura Spuler. Schmett. Eur. 1907.1* p* 279. The yellow band of the hindwing reduced to barely a third of its usual size. ab. satiata Dannehl. Ent. i. 1933* 47. p. 19. Forewings unicolorous dull, dark brown, the markings completely suppressed, the pale area in the central part of the wing absent. *» 3 •) <• T'Ioct.273 p.l. Emmelia Hubner, tra.be alia Scop, Snt. Oarn, 17^3* 240. = sulphuralis Linn, By s t, TTat, lj6~j .Ed, 12, p, 381, = arabica Hufn. Berl.Mag.i767. 3.n. 412, = sulphured Schiff. Wien Verz. 1776. p. 93» = trabeata Bkh. Spriba Bpitr. 1 /9h lp> pi. 10 f , 8. = lugubri3 Fabr. Ent. Pyst.i/pp. 3*P*467. aberrational forms etc. 3 ab. confluens / arren. Seitz. 19l3j(pl.52. fig, row g. Warren does not mention this form in his text. The figure shows some of the black spots united, the median black horizontal line is thicker them usual and includes the spot usually separated, and just above it. The insect appears darker than normal although actually it is not very different from the typical fonji. The Type is in the Hothschild coll, at Tring. ab. nigricostata Stauder. Ent. Anz.l924.4.p. 110. Forewings with the whole costal margin broadly black, swallowing up the three black costal spots. Draudt and 'Turner wrongly give Strand as author, ab. crassistriga Stauder. Ent. Anz. 1924. 4.p. 110. Forewing with the normal yellow streak, which lies between the two black longitudinal bars, completely filled up with black As in the preceding, Draudt and Turner give Strand as the author instead of Stauder. ab. unculata Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1926. 40. p. Ip. Transitional to ab. nigra Erschoff,the following form. Forewing with 'the black spots so united that, besides the outer transverse line, only a short submarginal line remains; for the rest, ail the black markings are concentrated into a broad bar along the median vein from the base as far as the outer transverse line, and. a similar bar along the costa. Between these black bars there only remains fine yellow lines in the form of hooks. ab. nigra Erschoff. Lep. Fedschenko ’s Voyage. 1874. o. p2.pl. 3 f.pO. Forewings almost wholly black, only the subterminal area somewhat paler. ■7e have two .specimens of this form from Pussia, the wings show a strong gloss. c O A P. 1. Eustrotia Hubner olivana Schiff. Verz. 1775- p, 126. = b ankiana Pabr , 3p e c. Ins . 1 ~/8 1 . 2 . p. 2 79 . = argon tula Hubner, Beitr, 1787. 1 ( 2 ) . p. 9* pi. 2 F. = olivoa Hubner, Samml.Eur. Schmett, 1800-03. ml. 60. f. 292, aberrational forms etc. olivana Schiff. typical form olive-green with two silver stripes. ab, rufescens Tutt. Brit, Woe 1. 1892, 4, p. 7. 'The normal olive-green ground colour replaced by reddish-brown, ab. obsoleta Tutt. Brit. Tibet. 1892. 4,p. 7* This is not the same as obtitescens Schultz, Turner gives 9. wrong description. The two transverse white lines reduced in width, becoming very narrow and almost linear. ab. oblitescens Schultz. Ent. Z. 1907. 21. p. 78. The two transverse lines of the forewing showing a reduction in their length, so that they do not reach either the costa or the inner margin. Mostly only one stripe is so affected. Turner gives Tutt* a description of obsoleta for this form. ab.confluens Schultz. Ent. Z. 1907*21. p. 79. figs. p. 78 a,B, G. Schultz describes three very different forms under this one name, all showing gradations of the joining- up of the two transverse lines of the forewing. The first fig*. A shows the two lines joined by a horizontal white bar in the middle of the wing. Fig. B. shows the two line3 completely united in their upper half but still divided by ground colour in the lower half. In fig. G the two white lines are completely joined throughout their entire length, forming one broad stripe, Schultz says that since these are all forms pointing to the eventual confluence of the stripes, they should have the same covering name , although their aepearanc is so different. ab. nigrosparsata Osthelder. Schmett. Sudbayern. 1917* P. 3*^ pl.l6 f.ljj. The silver bands strongly covered over with black. The figure shows the silver lines black dusted, especially in their lower halves ab.funeraria Draudt. Seitz. 1935. % Suppl. p.207. pi. 23 row b. The silvery white stripes appear leaden-black from the olive-brown ground colour, or are even completely obliterated. The figure shows the stripes faintly indicated. ab. uniforms .Draudt. Seitz. 1935. % Suppl. p. 207. pi. 23 row b. All the markings invisible, except a very fine white subapical oblique streak and indications of a whitish submarginal line. — I 3 continued / 'oct, 275. 0.2. olivana Schiff. ab. albescens Draudt. Seitz. 1935* 3. Suppl.p. 207.pl. 23 row b. Forewings with the basal and marginal thirds almost pure white, so that the silvery-white transverse lines almost disappear therein and only an oblique pale brownish central band remains. ab. nowickii Schille. Polsk. Pismo .Snt. 1923. 2.p. 109. The forewings are only blackish-brown in the basal and central areas, marginal area glossy silvery-white like on the transverse bands, only dusted with blackish-brown between the veins. Description from Seitz, I have not seen the original. ab. tripuncta J os t. Slit. Z. 1950. 6o.p. 30. fig. 2. The silvery-white stripes of the forewing reduced to so great an extent that there only remains three white spots, in the positions of the stigmata — the reniform is the largest, the orbicular and claviform about half the size of the reniform; all three are finely black edged. ab. signata. Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 92. 'Tiie two white lines of the forewing bordered on both sides by a fine black line. ab. edentata Lernpke. Tijdschr. Snt. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 92, The inner white line of the forewing straight, without projections - «J o O - 3 * 'Moot. 276. Eustrotia Hubner, p.l. uncula Clerck. leones 1759*pl» 3»^*7» = uncana Linn. Faun. Suae. 176l.Ed. 2.p. 342. - singular is Hufn. Berl.Mag. 1766. 3.P. 396. = unoa Schiff. 7ien Yerz. 1775»P» 91 • aberrational forms etc. uncula Clerck. typical form —forewings fuscous-brown, the stripes etc. , whitish. ab.. obscurior Shuler. Selim ett. Eur. 1907* 1. P. 293* Forewings with the ground colour darkened to red-brown, the inner marginal stripe darker tinted and the other light markings ' somewhat brownish tinted. ab. lineola Dannehl. Ent. Z.1926, 40. p. 15. On the forewings the outer of the two white lines, which form the white outer- marginal stripe, i3 covered or suffused so that only the inner one is left, as a fine silvery-white line. ab. rufotincta Kolb. Mitt. Munch Ent. Ges. 1930.20. p.6l & 62. Red form. Forewings suffused with redrbrown especially towards the costal strips The costal stripe is more or. less reddish suffused, in some individuals almost rosy, and the light whitish shading om the marginal side of -the outer line fails completely, often there is a pronounced reddish band. Hindwings are rather weakly reddish suffused, the fringes in particular show a reddish sheen. ab. clarivittata Nordstrom. Svensk.Pjarilar. 1940. p. 200. Forewings with the transverse line and waved line, instead of being separated by a fine dark line, are united to form one broad whitish outer marginal band. ab. triangulata Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 90*P*9l« The orbicular and reniforra joined by a whitish line, so that a dark triangle is out off. ab.pupillata Lempke. Tij dschr. Bnt. (1946)194-9. 90. p. 91. The reniforra stigma with a dark centre. Most of our specimens shows some dark shading* in the reniforra, Lempke presumably means something more extreme, otherwise the form was hardly worth., naming. Barias Hubner. Noct. 277. p, 1. olorana Linn. Faun. 3uec. 1761. 3d. 2. p. 343. = viride Seta. Gen. Spec. Ins. 1783.0. aberrational forms etc. 1 ab. flavimargo de Joannis. Bull. Soc.Ent. France. 1908..p.46. (Pig: Ann. Soo. B.Pr. 1908 pi. 15 fig. 7« ) The external margin of the forewings is narrowly bordered with .yellow, sometimes with some brown at the base of the fringe. ab. hemixantha de Joannis. Ann. Soc. But. Fr . ( 1908 ) 1909. 77- P- 77^ .pi. 13 f . 8. An extreme form of the preceding in which the yellow of the border extends over almost all of the wing. The coloured figure shows more than half the wing yellow. _ Noct.278. Bena Billberg. p.l. fagana Eabricius. Spec. Ins. 1781.2. p. 276, (female). = prasinana(auot. nec. Linnaeus. ) = viridis-lineata Betz. Gen. Spec. Ins. 1 783. p. 4-5. = sylvana Sabricius. Ent. 3y st. 1794.3(2). p.244. (male) aberrational forms etc. fagana Fabricius. typical form — the female showing three white oblique stapes, the male only the outer two, with the termen ferruginous. This is the Continental form, the British form is separated by Warren as subsp. britannica. See below. subsp.britannica Warren. Seitz. 1913- 3*P.297«pl* 53 row All three lines of the forewing silvery white, the costal and inner margins of the male are reddish only at apex and tornus respectively. The latter character is not constant, some of our English specimens show the outer margin red from apex to tornus. e llo) ab. millier i Capronnier. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883.27. p. XC1X. ( Pig. Hill. leones . 3. pi. = rubrostrigata Rebel. Berge*3 Schmett. 1910.Ed9.p. 423. (Fig. Mill. Icones.pl. Il6. ) = rufilinea Warren. Seitz. 1913. 3*P» 297* pl« 53 row k. (ab.2. Hampson Cat. Lep. XI. ) The coloured figure in Milliere’s leones vol.3.pl.ll6 f. l,frora which the first two authors described their forms, shows the red tint of the fringe extending in a well developed degree along the inner margin and up the postmedian line to the costa, especially towards the latter, and along it to the apex of the wing '/•/ arren’s rufilinea had the outer (postmedian) line marked with red. This was described by Hampson as "ab. 2. "in his Cat. Lep. Phalaenae.il. p. pl4. . Warren made "millieri Capronnieri. " a synonym of the type form but it is the same as his rufilinea, and has priority over it. ab. trilinea Cockayne. Ent. Eec. 1951* 63. p. lol.pl. 5 f.2. The three oblique white lines are broader than usual and very sharply defined; the ground colour is darker green ana the pale shading in the median area and elsewhere is almost entirely absent. ab.leucozona Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 1951- 63. p. l6l.pl. p f. 1. On the forewing there is a broad white band in the median area, bordered on ea.ch side by an oblique green line, separating it from the first and second oblique white lines; on the distal part of the wing there is more white than usual; in most examples it is entirely white with the exception of two green oblique lines the basal area is green. XL1 the examples are females. ab. anar gyria Cockayne. Ent. Rec. 1951. 63. p. l6l. The silvery-white stripes of the forewing are absent in the male and absent, or almost so, in the female, being replaced by Dale green. ab. argyrozona Richardson. Ent. Sec. 1952. 64. p. 27I. pi. 11 f . 2p. Failings crossed by a broad silvery-white band in which traces of green are visible at the upper and lower ends. This band is formed by a fusion of the first and second white cross-lines, which are otherwise absent; the third line is present and is especially pronounced at its upper end. - d *5 f> ■9 9 O o _ I'Toct. 278. P.2. fagana Fabr, continued ? ab. bilineata Slevogt. Soc. Ent. 1901. l6.p. 57* (not a fagana form.) By the description this form is almost certainly the same as fiorii Costantini which, from our series in the Rothschild coll, is a different species although Lerapke includes it in fagana. Our series were named hongarica by 'arren (Seitz 3. p. 297 )which is said to be a synonym of fiorii Costantini. If bilineata is the same, it has priority over fiorii. None of these is treated here as an aberration of fagana, the form similar to it in fagana is ab.bilinea Richardson, which is obviously a fagana form and looks quite different from the series of fiorii (hongarica) from Hungary. abvbilinea Richardson. Ent. Rec. 1952. b4,p. 27i.pl. CL f.26. Forewings crossed by two sharply defined lines, the ante and postmedian, of which the first does not quite reach the costa; the ground colour is quite smooth without clouding. ab. caerulescens Lemplce. Tijdschr,Ent. (1946 )1949. 90.P.180. The ground colour of the wings blue-green. ab. f lava Spuler. Schmett. Sur . 1906. 2. p. 126. Forewings bright yellow, with darker yellow costa, inner-margin, and oblique lines the margins red-yellow. 9 ab. xanthophilana Obraztsov. Iris ( 1942 ) 1943. 5&*P* 157* Forewings yellow, differing from the preceding flava Spuler by having no red- yellow margins and no darker yellow costa and inner margin. ab. alba Thierry-Mieg. Ann. Soc. Ent. 3elg. 1910. 54. p. 38b. ( fig. Mill. I conog. 3. pi. Il6. The name was given to the figure in Milliere ’s Iconographie 3*P l.llb f . 2 which shows a female with the forewings completely white, with three pearly lines; the thorax and body also white, antennae reddish. ab. albidula Strand. Arch. Naturg. (1916)1917* 82. A l.p.90. Almost wholly white. 9. This is the only description given by Strand and is vague; it may mean very pale green, or part of the wing white with the rest green. The form was named from Hamp son’s ab. 3 which has the same description. ab. dor silutea Strand. Arch. Naturg. ( 1916 ) 19-17* 82. A l.p. 98. Forewings without pink on the costal area towards apex, the inner margin yellow. Taken from Hamp son’s ab. 2. ab. flavociliata Obraztsov. Ent. 2. 1958* 60.p. ~}2. Forewing fringes yellow instead of reddish. ab. rubrociliata Obraztsov, Ent. 2. 1958. 6o.p. ~J2, 9 form. Tie entire forewing fringes are completely red-brown, as in the o'. The inner margin is also reddish. 9 r « Moot. 279. Pseudoins Hubner. p.l. •orasinana Linn. Paun.3uec.17ol. Sd. 2.p. 342. = prasina Poda. Mus. Graec. 176l.p. 93*pl* 2 fig. 10. - bicolorana Fuessly. Verz. 1775* P« 41. ~ quercana Schiff. v'ien Verz. 1775«p. 12p» aberrational forms etc. ; 9 • *> Nbct. 280. Sarrothripus Curtis. p.l. r svayana Scop. Ann. Syst. Hat. 1772. >. p. 11 6. aberrational forma etc. rev ay ana Scop, typical form — forewings grey- greenish with fuscous longitudinal lines. This must be an exceptionally rare form. 1 revayana Schiff. Vien Verz, 1773.'°. 130* (nom.preoc. Scop, ) = riuagana Pabricius. Mantissa, Ins.l787.2.p.233. = rivagana Pabricius. Bnt. Slyst. 1794.3 (2). p.266. Schiffermuller says that the insect has many variations, from grey with a red. central spot. He was apparently referring to revayana Scop, as a species and not one particular form. Pabricius refers to Schiffermuller ’s description in both the references given above but the swelling would 3eera to be printer's errors, both riugana and rivagana might easily be " revayana11 with the "i" and " g" wrongly printed. The names cannot be made synonyms of the type form since Scopoli's revayana is grey- greenish, it would be best not to use them. ab.ramosana Hubner. Saraml. Vogel u Scbmett.1793.pl. 75. (Bur. Schmett. Tortr.fig. 10 ) = ramulanus Stephens. Ill.Haust. 1834. 4.p.l47. Porewing'S brownish-grey with dark fuscous longitudinal branched streaks and discal spot. ab. grisea Ter Haar. Onze Vlinders. 1900.p. op. - diluteramosanus Schwingenschuss. Zts*,' aen.Ent. Ges. 1953*38* p.28p. The forewings grey, therefore lighter than the preceding, otherwise similar, with the fuscous branched longitudinal streaks. Schwingenschuss form had the pale grey ground of dilutam Hbn. ab. cladodes Sheldon. Entom. 1919.32. p. 101.pl. l.f. 3. (Barrett. 6. pi. lpi.f.3G* ) Forms paler than the typical ramosana Hbn. Barrett’s figure is an extremely li^it form probably representing the extreme xanthism in Britain. The form with grey ground, and therefore paler than typical ramosana , cannot be included under this name since Ter Haar has already named it grisea, apparently without Sheldon being aware of it, he does not mention grisea m his long article, ab. atrata Sheldon. Entom. 1919. 52.p. 101.pl. l.f. 2. - fuscoramosanus Schwingenschuss. Zts.AVien Bnt. Ges. 1953* 285. The ground colour darker than in ramosana Hbn,, the black streaks and shading cover almost the whole of the wing. The darkest of the ramosana group, Schwingenschuss form had the ground colour black- grey. ab, sagittata Sheldon. Entom. 1919. 32. p. 101.pl. 1 f. 4. Po rewings grey, the streak, which runs obliquely to the apex, not finishing before the margin in the usual manner,its outer side strongly toothed or s agitate, is dark fuscous. ab. strigatanus Schwingenschuss. Zts. /ien Ent. Ges. 1933.3B.P.289. Porewings with grey ground, the streak deep black and running from base obliquel; across the wing to the apex, 2 ram. broad in its middle. Probably the same as the preceding but no mention is made of the sagitate ed reins: of the streak on its outer side. <* fact. 280 p. 2. rev ay ana Scop continued. ab. combinata. Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1951. 63. p. 152. = gloriosanus. 3ehv/ingenschuss. Zts. /ien Ent. Ges. 1953*38. p.28p. This combines the streaked pattern of rev ay ana with that of bifasciana Donovan, which has transverse lines. Schwingenschuss form was a combination of the streaked pattern of ramosana Hbn. with that of obscura Warren which has transverse lines; the ground colour pale grey. abi stoninus Curtis. Guide Brit. Ins. 1829. p. 203» = stonanus Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1834. 4. p.147. = stonanus Curtis. Brit, Snt. 1840. 2nd. 3d. no, 29. Forewings brown with the black branched streak of ramosana and a waved fuscous striga across the disc. Sheldon figures what he thinks this form to be in Bntom. 32.pl. 1 f.5. This shows the ramosana streak, and a vague blackish transverse shade from the middle of the costa to the inner margin, but in addition there is a continuation of the black on the costa right up to the apex, in the form of a second black streak; this apparently is not connected with Curtis form since it is not mentioned in his description. All the specimens I have seen with this fuscous striga across the disc, also have the costal black streak . ab. russiana Duponchel. Cat. ICeth. Lep. Eur. 1^44-46. p. 284. fig. Hist. Mat. Leo. France 1334. 9.pi.265,f. 3b. p. 556. This form was named in Duponchel’ s Cat. Lep. with reference to his earlier description and coloured figure in Hist. Mat. Lap. Fr. where it was not named. Forewings of a very pale watered green, or white- greenish, with a large number of grey undulations over the entire surface, and a longitudinal black-brown streak from the base to a little beyond the middle of the wing,where it divides into two branches which incline downwards towards the anal angle. 'Hie fig. is good. ab. dilutana Ilubner. Saraml. Eur. Schraett. Tortr. 179 c » pi. 2. f , $. Forewings ground colour grey, the base narrowly reddish-brown and a central fascia of the sane colour, the subterminal line indistinctly fuscous. ab. fusculana Schmid. Corresp.blatt Zool. Mineral. VTer.Hegensb. 1885. 39* P*75» The chief character of the form is the black, short, oblique streak from the base of the forewing to a point about one third along the inner margin. The form was originally described as similar to the preceding dilutana with the addition of the black basal streak, but it occurs in other groups as well. This form is figured in Wood’s Ind. Ent. fig. 1042. under the name 1 a thanianu s . ab.obsoleta Sheldon. Entom. 1919.72. p. 103.nl. 1. f. 5. Similar to dilutana Hbn. , except that it is without the dark base to the fore- wings and the dark transverse bands are not so well developed. ab. lathamiana owed er us. K. Vet. Acad. : !ya Handl. 1 8*p. 276. Fore wings pale red-brown( testaceis) ,the base, and outer margin, from the apex, showing a row of black spots; a ferruginous fascia in the median area. No mention is made of a central black spot ab, aurana Richardson. Ent. See. 1952. 64. p.273. pi. ‘CL.f.12. Resembling ab. fusculana Schmid which show a short oblique basal streaky out differs markedly .by its very pronounced orange-brown colouring, only a faint trace of the normal purple remains in the post-discal area. * rev ay ana Soon continued I-Toct. 280, P.3. ab. ilicajia Fabricius. Spec. Ins, 1781.2.p. 283. = punctana Hubner. Sami. Eur. Schmett. Tortr.i796.pl. 2. f. 9. Forewings dark grey with a greenish tint} two fuscous spots in the antemedian area, a single black spot in the central area and two or three fuscous spots in the marginal area. Hubner1 s figure of ounctana agrees very well with this description. The form would appear to be very similar to the preceding lathamiana except in colour which is darker in this form(fusco-cinereis ) . ab. no tats. Sheldon, Sntom. 1919* 32. P. 10; , pi. 1. . / . Similar in all respects to the preceding ilicana Fabr, , except that the colour of f the forewings is much lighter in tint,i. e. a light silvery, ashy- grey. ab.nigripunctata Sheldon. Entom. 1919* 52. p. i05.pl. 1. • « Ground colour of the forewings reddish-brown: the discal spot, which is black, shows prominently. There are waved slate-coloured lines crossing on each side of the discal soot. ab. ruf escens Sheldon. Entom. 1919. 52. p. 10p. pi. 1. f. 9* Similar in pattern and colour to the preceding nigripunctata, except that the discal soot, prominent and large in nigripunctata, is either missing, or very small and indistinct, on the reddish-brown ground. ab. brunnescens Sheldon. Entom. 1919*52. p. "lOp.pl. 1. f. 10. Forewings, thorax, etc. , uniform dull brown, with indistinct fuscous transverse lines; the dark central spot is only indicated by a few red-brown scales. ab. bif asciana Donovan. Hat. Hist. Brit. Ins. 1801. 10. o. 86. pi. 35 7« f • ' • Forewings testaceous, with two whitish bands and four distinct undulated streaks and 3pots of black. Apparently a rare form. ab.afzeliana Swederus. K.Vet. Acad.Nya Handl.1787. 8.p. Forewings greyish with the base blackish and a large in the centre of the costal margin. 276. somewhat triangular blotch ab. variegata -Sheldon. Entoaa. 1919* 52. p. 12.3. pi. 1. - . -1 1. Similar to the preceding but the ground colour testaceous-brown instead of grey the lig^it areas also more blotched with dark fuscous. ab. adusta Sheldon, Entom. 1919. 52. P. 12p. pl« » -» Similar to the preceding variwgata but with the ground colour- much darker, of a dark dull brownish fuscous, and with the costal blotch and markings showing les3 distinctly owing to the darker ground colour. « 3 0 n 9 0 t 0 O CO 5 O C C * * Foot. 280, P.4. rev ay ana 3cot> continued ab. giaucana Lampa. Ent. Tidskr. 1885. 6. p. 31. Ground colour of the forewings bluish- grey white, with hardly any definite markings;, on the costal margin a large, nearly triangular , dark grey, or brown, blotch Apparently very similar to afaeliana but without the dark basal blotch. ab, canescens Sheldon, Entom. 1919.52,p.l24,pl.l.f. 13. Forewings hoary greyish-white, with dark grey cloudings and blotches, and three wa ved transverse fuscous lines; the costa with large triangular dark grey blotch in the centre, which stretches half way down the wings. ab. lichenodes Sheldon. Entom. 1919. 52. p, 124. pi. 1. f . 14. Similar to the preceding but with a row of prominent dark .fuscous spots on either side of the central area. ab. f asciata Sheldon. Entom. 1919. p2. p. 125. pi. 1. f . 15, Forewings hoary greyish-white as in the last two forms but the costal triangle extending a3 a fascia across the whole same tint. width of the wings; the basal area of the The figure shows the costal triangle of a much darker colour than the rest of the fascia, the basal blotch is also very light. ab.depicta Sheldon. Entom. 1919. 52. p. 125. pi. 1. f . 16. Similar to the preceding with a dark central fascia, but in addition two rows of dark fuscous -spots, one on each side of the fascia. there are ab. f eusteli Osthelder. Schraett. Sudbayern. 1952. p. p42.pl. 21. f . 46. Forewings with brown ground colour, with one, sometimes two, black spots in the cell; the costal triangle present as in giaucana Lampa. ab. undulana Hubner. Samml. Sur. Schmett. fortr.i796.pl. 2. f. 7. Forewings fuscous, with a number of darker fuscous, fine, waved transverse lines; the discal spot reddish-brown. There is no costal triangular blotch. ab. albimaculata 'Sheldon. Entom. 1919. p2. p. 126. pi. 1. f 17. Similar to the preceding undulana but the discal .spot light grey instead of reddish-brown; the ground colour lighter than in undulana thus showing up the dark transverse lines and appearing more variegated. ab. plumb ea Sheldon. Entom. 1919. 52. p. 12b. pi. 1. f . 18. Forewings with the ground colour light plumbeous, with the usual darker trans¬ verse lines faintly indicated. ab.melanosticta Sheldon. Entom. 1919*52. p. 126. pi. l.f.19. Similar to the preceding but with a large and prominent central black spot on the forewings. tt ft Tibet. 280. 5. revayana Scop. continued. ab.obscura /arren. Seitz. 1913. 3* P» 290.pl. 53 row c. Forewings olive-brown, the markings as in degenorana Hbn. ,i. a. basal, and outer areas mottled and lined with blackish, the central area clearer. V7e have the type in the S. C. K. coll. , the figure in Seitz is reasonably good. ab. nigricans Sheldon. Entorn. 1919. 32. P. 126. pi. 1. f . 20. = unicolor Osthelder. Schmett. Sudbayern. 1^2mp,^42,pl,21,f, 46. Forewings dark fuscous, the usual markings and transverse lines very obscure, having the appearance of a dull fuscous, almost black, insect. Osthelder' s unicolor -was almost completely unicolorous blackish- grey. ab. conjuncta Cockayne. Ent. Fee. 1931. 63. p. 162. On the forewing a black bar runs from the median black dot (the reniform)to the antemedian line. ab. rosea Sheldon. Entom. 1919. 52. p. I28.pl. 1. f 21. Forewings ground colour rosy reddish-brown, most prominent in the central transverse fascia; the usual thick transverse wavy lines are very prominent giving the insect a very distinct variegated appearance. The form is figured in Barfett pi. 2^1 f . Jf . ab.virescens Lempke. Entom. 1948. 81. n.190. Forewings pale greenish with a dark central band. This is the specimen which Sheldon called "ab. degenerana" which it is superfic¬ ially like but now regarded as a distinct species ab, columbana Turner. Ent. Fee. 1925. 37. P* 77* Forewings of a beautiful uniform dove-grey colour, with all the markings so suppressed as to be only suggested at certain angles as being faintly picked out in brownish; the only noticeable one, if at all, is a very ill-defined triangular costal blotch of a suggestion of brown shade; no marking is emphasized only being seen when looked for. This, form belongs to the afzeliana group,. see p. 3 of these notes. It was said to be a race by Turner but apparently occurred with other f onus, so is an ab. Ca to cal a Schrank, fraxini Linn, 3yst. Nat. 11. 10. 1758. p. 512. aberrational forms etc. fraxini Linn, typical form — - forewings ash-grey with cloudy mar kings, the hind wings black with blue fascia. ab.'moerens Fuchs. J ahrb. Nass.Ver. Nat. 1889. 42. p. 210. Forewings strongly darkened to blackish- grey, with a ligfct spot in the centre, beneath the reniform. ab. gaudens Staudinger. Gat. 3d. p. 1901. '0.247. Forewings much paler , white-grey. ab, contigua Schulta. 33nt. 1906.20.p. 86. = longimaculata Gloss. Int.Ent. Z. 1918,11. p. 195 » The light spot in the centre of the forewings, just below the reniform, is much lengthened outwardly so that it reaches the doubled tooth- line ( the postmedian). , Particularly striking are examples with the wings strongly dark this longitudinal streak stands out especially distinct. dusted, when ab. atra 3puler. Schmett. Sur. 1908. l.p. 367. Forewings and thorax totally blackened. This apparently is much darker than moerens Fuchs, since Spuler also gives moerei with the description1' strongly darkened by black dusting?'. ab. argillacea Vincent. Bull. Soc. Bnt. France. I9IO.0.316. Forewings with the two -transverse lines of a beautiful straw-yellow, edged with blaok on each side, the spot below the reniform also straw-yellow. ab. coerulescens Gloss. Int. Hnt. Z. 1918. 12. p. 34. ‘The forewings strongly blue-suffused. Gloss says this appears to be a transition to ab. moerens Fuchs. a’o. apunctaleuca Braun. Lamb. 1935« 55. P. 22.pl. 2. f . 2. On the forewings the whitish spot , usually seen just below the reniform, is completely absent. ab. suffusa Ghalmers-Hunt. Entom. 19ol. 94. p. 282.1 On the forewing all the markings are suffused The white spot below the reniform is present. fig. Pr. S. Lond. Soc. 1949-pO.pl. 3) and indistinct. Hindwing normal. ab. nana /nukowsky. Folia Pool. Hydro Biol. . 7. P.230, 1 0 t> A «* * « •' 0 3 •oct.281 P.s. fraxini Linn, continued, ab. raaculata Kusnezow. dev. Russe dint. 1901. 1. p. 230. fig. p. 229 f . 3. Hindwing showing a distinct blue patch in the basal half of the wing where, in C.nupta,the red colouration begins. Forewings white-grey, less marked. Tliis area of blue scaling is small and the form is a transition to the ab. reversa Fischer which shows much more in the basal area. ab. coeruleo-maculata Gloss. Int. Ent. Z, 1918. 12. p. 35* The hindwings are the same as in the preceding’, with a blue patch in the basal field, but the forewings are as in ab.moerens Fuchs, dark dusted. A \ -> ab. reversa Fischer. Ent. Z. 1943.5b. p.236. (fig. Mitt. Schweiz Ent. i9.pl. 2. f. .in extreme form of coeruleo-maculata Gloss in which a large part of the usual black basal field is blue, to whitish-blue, leaving a black transverse median band in between it and the normal blue transverse band, much as in C.nupta. The black crescent of the underside shows in the blue area of the upperside. ab. extrema Meyer. Zts.lien Ent. Ges.1952. 37»P« 7* ol.2. f. 5. There seems little or no description in the long mixed-ip article, Meyer refers to his figure which is a good one, it seems best to describe the form from it. The hindwings are almost entirely blue in the basal field, leaving a rather narrow black transverse line between this basal blue, and the blue of the normal transverse band, somewhat more extreme than in the preceding reversa Fischer, The forewings are also very aberrant, the black markings being much increased and fused into large dark areas as far as the postmedian line, which is folio red by a prominent whitish transverse band, standing out prominently because it is followed by a dark transverse shade. The form was obtained by temperature experiment. ab. sternecki Hirschlce. Jahres-Ber, ,/ien Snt.VerJ[l9103l911. 21.p. 94. The blue band on the upperside of the hindwings more than doubled in breadth. Of the normal large black basal area there only remains a small round patch. ab. latef asciata arnecke. Int. Ent. Z. 1919* P* 2p. The blue band on the hindwing is about 2 ram. broader than in normal specimens. Described as a local form from Zinur land but our specimens in the Rothschild coll show that it is merely an aberration. The form is transitional to the preceding. ab. angustata Schultz, Ent. Z. 1906. 20. p, 86. The blue transverse band of the upperside of the hindwings , strikingly narrowed. Catocala Schrank, Woe t. 282. p.l. nup ta Linn. Syst. Wat. 3.767. 3d. XII. p. 841. aberrational forms etc. nupta Linn, typical form — forewings greyish with cloudy undulations ,hindwing£ red with two black bands. ab. concubina Borkhausen. Sur. Schmett. 179“. 7-. p. 21. ( fig. Sepp. 1. pt. 4. pi. 7. f. 7. ) The middle band of the hindwings is continued broadly to the hind margin, not broken, as is usual, just before it and then carried on in the form of a streak. The form was named from the figure in Sepp and Borkhausen says the hindwings are of a brighter red than in typical nupta. Sepp' s figure shows the hindwings of a somewhat deeper red which may have been merely the artist’s impression. The main character is the black middle band which travels from the costa to the hind-margin in an unbroken sweep,passing straight through the black streak usually seen just before the margin. ab. mutilata Schultz, Ent. 2. 190&. 70. p. 97-. 'The black transverse band of the hindwing shortened. This is only present at the costa and as far as the place where it is normally angled. ab. ooerulescens Cockerell. Entom. 1889.22. p.127. ( S9e p. pi. ) Tli ere seems to be 30ms doubt about this form although the description is quite clear and concise, Cockerell refers to the Meeting of the S.Lond. Mat. Hist. Soc. where Mr. Vhite exhibited a coloured drawing of nupta. in which the hindwings were blue, and names this form ooerulescens. Tutt states that Mr. tir remarked at the Meeting that the colour was the same as in C. fraxini. In spite of this , Tutt on p.lpl of vol, 4. Brit. Noct«,says that the form with "pale brown” hindwings, shot with purple, later described by Prohawk as of a" very delicate warm brown with a purple gLow",is the same as ooerulescens, I cannot reconcile the colour of fraxini hindwings with any sort of brown. This brown form is ab. brunnescens Wauen ab. brunnescens Warren. Seitz. 1913. 3»P» 305» pi. O row Hindwings dark olive-brown. He have Warren’s type which is not dark olive-brown, it agrees more with the spec - i men mentioned by Prohawk (above) which was of a delicate warm brown ibh a purple glow. Our series of the form ,12 specimens , show various degrees of brown, some very dark purole —brown to the palest, which is warren’s oype. -one Oi tnes© CO tad be called blue in any sense of the word so I do not agree with Lerapke’s remark that "there can be no doubt that this form is the same as ao. coeiulsoceno Cockerell.” ab. guiartii Lambillion. Sev.Mens.Ent, 3oc. 'am. 3_p 1 . .p.2. The red of the hindwings is replaced by a striking bluish suffusion. Thi3 may or may not be the same as ooerulescens Cockerell, it can hardly be brunnescens Warren. o o' Nbct. 282 P. 2. nuota Linn, continued. ab. nigra Lemolce. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 104. Hindwings unicolorous black, the red colour still feebly perceptible. ab. sanguinea Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. (1946) 1949. 90. p.104. Hindwings of a beautiful blood-red. ab. xanthophaea Schawerda. Its. Ost. Snt. Ver. 1925. 10. p. 47. Hindwings not red, but pale brown- yellow. ab. flava Schultz. Ent. 3. 1906. 20. p. 86. & 87. The red of the hindwings is completely replaced by yellow. ab. salmonea Cockayne. Ent. Sec. 1946. )8. p. 75. The red of the hindwings replaced by pale to medium slamon-oink. ab. languescens , 'Varren. Seitz, 1913. 3. p. 30 0. pi. 33 f • row A. Hindwing yellowish-white with a faint pink flush. ab.ruhridens Warren. Seitz. 1913. 3.P*305.pl.55*row a. 'fne red ground colour of the hindwing running out along veins 2 & 1 in the shape of sharp wedge-shaped teeth, almost interrupting the black median band, which is swollen between them into a large horse-shoe shaped, blotch. . The description is bad but the figure good. The Type is in the Tring Museum and shows the red ground extended or protruding well into the black transverse median band, thus forming a sharp tooth which almost cuts the band. The second tooth mentioned by Warren is the normal one near the anal angle, and the 11 large horse-shoe shaped blotch” is also normal. The effect of the tooth is to give the band a very different line of direction, although this is a false impression. ab. alterata varren. Seitz. 1913. 3* P» 305. The black bands of the hindwings altered to grey. ab.confusa Oberthur. Lep. Comp. 1912. 6.p. 33^. pi. 131 f.llpS. There appears to be no description but the figure is excellent. This shows the markings of the forewing blurred and suffused with dark grey, especially the outer third of the wing. The hindwings are strikingly aberrant, the outer edge of the median black band being dentate with many fine tooth-like projections, and the inner edge of the marginal black band similar, but the tooth-like projections much longer and sharper. This gives the effect of the red ground sending out red rays into the black bandj. ab. f ida Schultz. Ent. 3. 1909. 22. p. 169. On the forewing,between the margin and the sharply- toothed wavy line, there is a distinct, broad, white, fairly well-defined, broken toothed line. ab. nigra scens Hannemann. Int. Snt. 191 /. 11. p. 103. Forewings dark bl ack-gr ey , with strong dark markings, the light parts absent. ab. nigra Cockayne, (nom.preoc. Lempke. ) Ent. Hec. 1951.63. p. l62.pl. 5 f . 4. Forewing and thorax almost black, on the forewings traces of two light marks near the reniform,and of the pale subterminal line. Hindwing normal. <5 Woct.282. P-3. nupta Linn. continued, ab.variegata Leupke. Tijdschr. Snt.(l946) 194-9. 90. p. 103. Forcings grey, strongLy spotted with yellow, the markings dark and sharply contrasting. ab. dilutior Schultz. Ent. 2.1909* 22. p. 169. Forewings with the ground colour strongly lightened, either brownish-yellow with the normal markings standing out somewhat darker in yellow-brown, or whitish- grey with hardly discernible yellowish mixture. ab. grisescens Hannemann. Int.Ent. 2. 1917* 11- P- 105. Forewings unicolorous brownish- grey, the light and dark markings almost invisible, ab. quasiint errupta Schnaider. Polsk. Pismo Ent, 19.P.234. ab. victoria vVoskressenshy. 'Trav.Ifus. Zool.Kieff. *3.p. 146. 1 0 ft 0 ft o Catocala Schrank, IToct. 283. P-1. sponsa Linn, Gyst. Nat. 1767.3d. Ol. p.841. aberrational forms etc. ab.desponsa Schultz. Ent. Z. 190o. 20. p. 94-93. Examples in which the crimson-red of the hindwing is completely changed to yellow, also those in which it is partly changed. ab.postlactea Cockayne. Ent. Fee. 1951. 63. p. l62. Hindwings with the usual purplish-red replaced by white with a creamy tint in the basal areaj the underside cream coloured, ^o rewings, thorax and abdomen lack the brown tone of the typical form. ab. rejecta Fischer, Entomographie de la Eussie. 1820-22. l.n. i97.pl. 5. f. 2. The original description says the hindwings are brownish instead of red, with a narrow undulated rosy band. The figure is good and shows this rosy band on the outer side of the median black transverse band which is ante perceptible on the brown ground, as is also the marginal black band. Most authors copy Guenee and Putt in describing the hindwings as "entirely blacK which is a gross exaggeration, /arren's figure in Seitz on the other hand shows practically no darkening of the red ground. ab.pomerana Diesterweg. Deutsch.Ent. d. 1921.P. 271. Head, thorax, abdomen, fore and hindwing black. The reniform weakly grey-marked and the paler spot below it absent, the subterminal similarly marked in grey. ab. rosea Lempke, Ti,j dschr. Ent. ( 1946 ) 194-9. 90. p. 101. Ground colour of the hindwings rosy-red. ab. demaculata Heinrich. Deutsch. Ent. Z. (1916) 1917»P.5^3« On the forewings the stigmata are not white, but covered over with the ground colour. ab. f asciata Spuler. Schmett. Eur . 1907. 1. p . 3l6. = variegata Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent. (1946) 1949* 90. p. 101. Forewings variegated, the middle field between the two transverse lines strongly white-grey dusted. Lempke * s variegata had the central area of the forewings paler, greyish. ab. florida Schultz. Ent. 1.1909* 22. p,lo9* Very similar to the preceding but apparently paler over the whole of the fore¬ wings. The basal area is o ale-brown, far lighter than the usual colour, whilst the middle over its whole surface, from costa to inner margin, is grey-white powdered. The outer part of the marginal area is also grey-white, whilst the inner part, margined by the black dentate transverse line, is pale brown like the basal area. ab. grisea ,'arren. Seitz. 1913. 3. P* 303. pi. 34 f . row c. Forewings entirely dark grey, grizzled with pale grey, without any brown or fuscous streaks. « n * 4 O o o 0 sponsa Linn. continued Noct. 283. P.2. ab. fortis Schawerda. Verh. zool. -bot. Ges. ien. ( 1921 ) 1922. 71. p. Ip8. Forewings strikingly black-brown in the basal, middle and outer areas, only a small area around the stigmata, and these themselves, are pale, the subterminal line pale and visible on the black-brown. ab.obscura Oberthur. Lep. Comp. 1909*3* pi. 12. f. l6.p. 403. = ob3cura Schawerda. (nom.preoc. Oberth.1909.) Verh. z. -b. Ges. ien, 1922. 71. p. 1^6. Specimens with completely dark f orewings ,without white or white-grey. Described as an ab. of the Algirian subrsp.laeta Ob. . Schawerda ’s obscura was from 3. Europe. ab. atra Spuler. 3chmett.3ur.l908.1. p.367. Ford wings completely blackened. This may be the same as the preceding but "blackened" presumably means black and not black-brown. ab. flavicollis Kesenheimer. Ent. Z. 1941. pp.p. 72. Pith beautiful ochre-yellow collar, standing out sharply from the mouse- grey thorax as it does im many Gucullia species. . • L © Noct. 284, P.l. Catocala Schrarik. promissa Schiff. Wien Verz. 1775# P. 90* = promissa Hubner. 38.mml.Eur. Sohraett. 1809“13»pl« 71. f. 334 = mne s te Hubner. Sarmol. Hur . Schmett. 1809-13. pi. 123. f . = eonjuncta Humph, & Westw. (nec. Esp. ) Brit. Moths. 1843. l.p.250 aberrational forms etc. promissa Schiff. (Hubner), typical form — from Hubner 1 s figure the forewings are , grey mottled with brown. Hindwings crimson, the median transverse black band not reaching the anal margin. Hubner' s miles te is figured with this band also not reaching the anal margin, so it should not be -treated as an aberration on this point, as it is in the new South's Moths of Brit. Is. The for swings in mneste axe less variegated with whitish but it would seem best to treat it as a synonym of the type form. Hubner 's third figure, this time called promissa ( as his first figure is) shows the transverse band of the hindwing travelling right up to the anal margin. ab. grisescens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. p.102. The ground colour of the forewings grey without brown, the pattern sharp. ab.variegata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 102. The central area of the forewings pale grey, sharply contrasting with the dark brownish basal and marginal area. ab. rosea Tutt. Brit. Hoot. 1892. 4.p. 35. The abdomen entirely of a rose colour. ab.contigua Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (L 946) 1949. 90. p. 103 The pale spot, under the reniform stigma, touches the outer line. ab. ochracea Oberthur. Bull. Soc.Snt. France. 1907.P. 34s* Hindwings of a clear yellow-ochreous. ab. obsoleta Schultz. Ent. Z. 1906. 20.p. 95* Hindwing with the black median bands not sharply bordered as in the type but flowing into the red ground colour. It has a similar appearance to G. sponsa ab. r ejecta Fischer. ab. sponsoides Gloss. Int. Ent. Z. 1918. 12. p. 34. The median band of the hindwings angulated as in sponsa and extended to the hind-margin. Possibly a hybrid between sponsa and promissa. We have specimens in which the band reaches the hind-margin in a very definite manner ,which gives the band a more angulated appearance. •0 O <5 O 7 To ct. 285 p.l. Suolidimera H amp son, mi Glerck. Iconas = litterata Cyrilli. Ins. Far. 1759* 1. pi. 9. f . 9. Ent. Nap. 1787-92. l.p. 2. pi. 1. f . 9. aberrational forms etc. mi Glerck. typical form — the ground colour white. ab. ochracea Tutt. Brit. Noct. I892. 4.p. 98. Both fore and hindwings with the pale parts ochreo us, instead of white. The commor form in England. ab. illuminata Warren. Seitz. 1913.3. P.343. pi. 62 row h-i. The dark areas restricted by the amplification of the pale spaces. ab. aurantiaca Warren. Seitz. 1913- 3. P. 343. The ground colour orange-yellow. ab. suffusa Warren. Seitz. 1913* 3. P. 343.pl. 62 row i. The white spaces almost crowded out and both wings are nearly black, ab. obscura Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. ( 194o ) 1949. 90. p. 108 Forewings unicolorously dark grey-brown with narrow pale circumscription of the markings of the central area., and narrow or obsolete subterminal line; hindwings normal. Tne latter character distinguishes the form from ab. suffusa .'arren. ab. extrema Bang-Haas, Iris.. .1912. 26. p.162. An extreme form of the white-ground- coloured ab. litterata, with the fore said hind wings showing strong extension of the white coloration; the black and the white are about even, giving a quite different impression than the darker European specimens; in particular the white transverse band in the middle of the hindwing is often really broad. Described from Amur and is possibly a race but may well occur as an aberration. ab. costimacula Cockayne. Snt. Fee. 1971. 63. o. l62.pl. 9 f . 11. On the forewing the basal area is paler than usual: there is a dark mark on the costa,which just encloses the reniforra and orbicula, which is curved on the distal side, and has a small ho ok- shaped projection at the proximal end pointing to the inner margin; the subterminal and marginal lines are normal, the rest of the wing is very pale cream and contrasts strongly with the dark markings. On the hindwing the basal area is dark grey- brown, without the usual night areas of ground colour; a broad band of light ground separates it from the black band running parallel with the margin, the black marginal band is normal. ab. explanata Rebel. Verb. zool. -bot. Ges. Vien. (1908) 1909.98. 0.(271). Forewings at the base white- grey, becoming paler and paler towards the margin, and beyond the subterminal almost pure white. Tne markings less developed towards the margin, the reniform is white-grey instead of black and the hook¬ shaped costal blotch which follows it is strongly reduced to barely half its normal width, the subterminal line only marked by blackish- grey shading. Hindwings similar, the black markings remain in the basal area but in the marginal area there are radiating streaks of blackish on the veins. « mi Glerck, continued. TToot. 285. p. 2, ah. insulata ICLemensiewicz. Spra Kom. Fiayogr. Krakow. 1912. 46. p. l6. The lobe of the postmedian blotch of the forewing pointing towards the anal angle,is widely interrupted by white. Phis description is by Draudt in Seitz 3* Sup pi. , I have not seen the original. ab. vitiosa Wshrli. The forewings show a reduced middle area. ‘The outer transverse stripe extends to the inner margin in an "3" shape, so that it forms only one lobe at its lower end, emitting white ray-like extensions towards the margin. This description is by Draudt in Seitz 3 Suppl. ,he gives no reference. It presumably means that 'the lobe of the outer costal blotch is cut off so that its' outer edge forms a line from the costa to the inner margin in the shape of an " S" ,the lower part of this " S" is ’the lobe of the inner transverse blotch. .P.26. ab. cuncieata Lenzen. Ent.Z.1944, . t* Noct.28o, v, 1. Sctypa Bill berg, glyphica Linn. aberrational forms etc. glyphica Linn, typical form — forewings fuscous with blackish markings, hindwings yellow with blackish fascia. The latin description may well appLy to mi and not glyphica, since Linnaeus mentions "maculis hierdglyphicis nigris’^ there are no hieroglyphics on the fore- wings of glyphica. ab.marginata Spuler. Schmett. Eur. 19o7. 1. p. 307* On the forewings the marginal area, with the exception of the dark costal spot, is lightened to whitish ochreous as far as the quite narrow outer band, which is contrastingly dark. Hindwings vary in a similar way. ab. suffusa Spuler. Schmett. Eur. 1907. 1. p. 307® On the forewings the marginal area,where it is usually paler, is unicolorously dark brown. ab.costovata Pol tin. Zts. ien Ent.Ver. 1942. 27* p. 3 3 Colocasia Ochs No at. 288, p,l. coryli Linn, Cyst. Nat, 1753, Ed. X. p. 503. aberrational forms etc. ab, avellanae Huene. Berl, Ent. Z. 1901, 46. p, 309. Forawings unicolorous grey from the base to the outer margin, the markings normal and distinct but the nut-brown band of the basal half fa.il s completely. ( ab. alba Derenne, Lamb. 1926. 26. p. 42. The brown band of the forewing only exists at the base, the area normally occupied by the brown band is white- grey , leaving the sinuous lines bordering it, and also the orbicular , visible in black* the terminal area is dark grey. Head and abdomen grey-whitish. An albinistic form. ab. del eta Cockayne. Ent. .dec. 1951. 63. p. 163. pi. 5* f. 12. The -'hole of the median area of the forewing is cream coloured, without any markings except a thin dark line round the orbicular and a dark dot inside it, a dark line on the proximal side of the reniform and another inside it; the basal, ante and postmedian lines are absent; the basal area, is light brown and the outer part of the wing is uniformly pale brownish-grey with the subtermina line slightly darker. Somewhat similar to the preceding ab. alba Derenne but the median area has no sinuous lines bordering it. ab. medionigra Vorbrodt. Schmett. Schweiz. 1911.1.p. 237. The median band of the forewings dark black-brown. ab. melanotica Haverkampf . Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1906. pO. p. Ip8. = weymeri Hold. In t. Ent. E.19IO. 3. p.240. fig. - wautersi Dufrane. lev. Lens, Soc. Ent. Nam. 1925. 25. P» 51. Complete melanism, thorax, abdomen and wings. Hold's weymeri, from the sane locality, Elbsrfield, Germany, was also described as "melanistic” — Of a unicolorous dark brown coloration with only slight markings. The figure is good. Dufrane' s wautersi was described as having the light parts not pearls grey, but russet or brown-red from the elbowed line to the fringe; the median area is clear or light brown, with the darker markings of the typical form. This is almost certainly one of the graduations in colour of the ab. melanotica which varies to a great extent in depth of colour, e have several bred example which could be separated from the very dark ones as wautersi, being lighter red-brown especially in the marginal area. It would however seem undesirable to separate and name all these various shades. The ab. melanotica is very common in the Chilterns around fring at the present time, 1963. ab. uniformis Turati. Nat. 3ic. 1919. Sep. p. 64. Uniform brown colour. Of lighter colour there is only one little ’white mark showing on the distal side of the reniform which appears at the side of the outer transverse 3tripe which there envelopes almost -the proximal brown border of the spot itself , continueing sufficiently distinct to finish at the inner margin. Standing out- also is the little brown circle of the vascular stigma with the little black spot in the centre. It renin s one a little of the uniformly coloured subsp.mus Oberthur,but the colour is different being grey in mus. The description is somewhat puzzling, the form must be near melanotica but witl a white spot on the outer side of the reniform. . . •1 * . coryli Linn, continued. roct, 288. o. ab, umbrosissima Purati. Nat, Sic, 19 19* lep.p. 6';, Showing a great intensification of the shady brown median area which assumes the shape of a dark triangle,leaving a little grey at the base and the part proximal to the costa. Its distal side, cutting almost half the wing with a straight line which constitutes the prolongation of the brown edge next to the renif orm, goes straight from the costa to finish on the inner margin between the brown spot which ends the subrnarginal line, and the end of the distal transverse stripe. Presumably the dark median area is extended beyond the renif orm and up to the costa, where it is normally grey, It then goes in a straight line down to the inner margin, also somewhat beyond its normal extent. ab.betulae Lenz. The name was given to a possible ne- •* species on the strength of the larva being different from ordinary coryli, die larva was the dark, almost black form, which occurs along with me type ic o rmj the moms nroduceo .-re_e little different from coryli. If used, the name is for the larval variation. — Polychrisia Hubner ’Toct. 289. p. 1. moneta Fabricius. lantissa 1787, 2. p. l62. = f lav ago Esper. (in error) Eur. Sohmett. 1787.4, pi. 112. f.l. = napelli Vill. Linn. Ent. 1789. 2. p. 27p.pl. 7. f. 21. = argyritis Esper. Eur. Schinett. 1792. 4. (l) .p. 2l8.pl. 111. f. 1. aberrational forms etc. ab.margarita E'arren, Seitz. 1913- 3*P« 358*pl» 6p row i* Cream white with a silvery sheen, without any brown suffusion, the lines more or less obsolete but traceable like the stigmata, in certain lights, Hindwings whitish with brown veins and slightly discoloured towards the terrnen. Albino. ab. esmeralda Oberthur. Etudes Ent. 1880. 9. p. 8j>. Forewings white-yellowish giving a very different appearance • the markings however are the same as in typical moneta, except the bent ex tr aba sal line below the median nervure which, in moneta, is double but, in esmeralda, simple. The form would seem to be racial in Sussia but we have a similar English form. ab.aurea Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1-949* 90. p. 121. < Forewings beautifully gold yellow-brown, the dark spr inking or dusting, almost completely absent, the central shade pale brown. ab.maculata Lerapke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1949* 90. p. 121. The ground colour of the forewings darkened, so that the central shade no longer contrasts; the black powdering in the submarginal area condensed to black spots between the nervures. •7e have the specimens mentioned by Lempke,the black marginal .spots are large, striking and wedge-shaped, six to seven in number, they do not appear to be connected with black dusting or powdering which Lempke mentions. ab. pallescens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946). 1949. 90. .120. Ground colour of the forewings pale yellow-brown. All examples of the autumn generation belong to this form but it also occurs in the first generation. ab. renitangens Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 121. At its upper and lower edge the reniform stigna touches the central shade. This presumably means the large ear shaped silver spot. ab. intersecta Huggins. Entora. 1952. 8jj. p. ISp. The large ear-shaped spot in the centre of the wing is prolonged at the outer corner into a linear mar king, which intersects the central dark band and reaches beyond it, towards the costal apex. IToc. t„ 290 P-1- Plu3ia Oohs chrysitis Linn. Syst. TTat. 1 /58. Ed. £.p. 913. aberrational forms etc. chrysitis Linn. - typical form — the metallic bands yellow-cooper in tint, and not united in the centre. 7 ab. 3 uncta Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1892. 4. p. 2p. The two metallic bands of the forewing joined in their centres by a transverse band, instead of being separated throughout their length. 1902.139) ab.disiuncta Schultz. Ill. Zts.f.Hnt.l900.5*p«349- (fixed by Speiser Berl.Ent. 2. = disiunctaurea Spuler. 3chmett.Eur.1908. l.p, 366. The glossy metallic transverse bands completely separated from one another. Shultz does not give any colour but Speiser automatically fixes this in his description as” shining gold yellow." Schultz was wrong in considering the form with the bands united, as the typical , form, his disiuncta was therefore a synonym of the type, except that he stated no colour, Speiser in fixing the colour, separates it from chrysitis which had copper-yellow bands. Spuler named this form with separated gold-yellow banc d i s iunc taur e a . In my opinion it is almost inpossible to separate these metallic colours, except the distinctly green form, and it would have been better to make both disiuncta Schultz and disiunctaurea Spuler synonyms of the typical chrysitis, Lempke however has made an ab. disjuncta-virescens so the other "disj uncta” forms are kept separate here. ab. disjuncta-virescens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. (194-6) 1949. 90. p. Up. The bands of the forewing green-yellow and not united with each other. ab. disjuncta-sointillans Lempke. Ent. Ber. 1934. 9.P. 33. The bands of the forewing blue-green and not united with each other. ab. aur ea Huene. Berl. Ent, Z. 1901. 46. p. 313. As a separation from the greenish glossy brass forms, the glossy gold specimens can be dis tin guised by the name aur ea, irrespective of the formation of the median grey-brown fascia. Huene cites one specimen with the metallic bands joined across the middle, others with the bands separated, so the name is intended for all specimens in which the bands are "glossy gild". ab. scintillans Schultz. Int.Ent. 2. 1907* 1. p. 32. The metallic bands of the forewings silver-blue instead of the usual golden or brass colour. The bands are united in the middle. The metallic gloss of this form approaches in sparkling to that of the related species P. zosimi. Lempke states that the form is "blue- green” and bases his disjuncta-scintillanf on this assumption. It would appear that he misread Schultz description and thought Schultz meant the colour of P. zosimi, whereas it was the "sparkle” or gLoss, which in zosimi, is intense. i) A 4 A chrysitis Linn, continued. Nbct. 290. o. 2. ab. decor at a Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1933* 47. P* 20. The metallic b ancle united as in ab. juncta Tutt,but so increased in the v/id th¬ at the ooint of junction that the inner marginal patch of brownish ground colour is almost completely absent. ab. croesus Bryk. Ent. Tidskr . 1923. 44. p. Il6. The spot at the end of the cell gilded over. Presumably of the sane metallic shade as the bands. ab. rosea Kaucki. Polsk. Pismo Ent. 1929. 7.p. lop. Said to be suffused with rose. I have not seen the original description, ab.virescens Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent. (1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 3-13. The metallic bands of the forewings green-yellow, and united across the middle. ab.parva Schnaider. Polsk. Pismo Ent. . 19.p.2p4. A form of ab. juncta Tutt,of very small dimensions. ab. splendidior Fernandez. Mem. Soc.Espan, Hist. Mat. 1929* 1>. p. 398. fig. 59& Plus is. Ochs, Poet. 291. ♦ — o chryson Esper. Bur. Schmett. 1789. 4. (2 ) .p. 446. pi. 141. f . 2. - aurea Foltin. Its. /ien Ent.Ver. 1942. 27. p, 36. aberrational forms etc. chryson Esper. typical form — the metallic portion of the for usings golden. Esper calls it "The Gold-Leaf Moctuid. " db.virescens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 112. The large spot of the for ©wings green-yellow. ab. euporia Dannehl. Ent. T. 1933. 47. p. 20. { description vol. 40. p. 17 ) The gold spot almost reaching the costa. Hindwings with the transverse line standing out from the dark marginal band ,more stron.gly curved outwards towards the margin. Dannehl described this as the autumn brood from Southern Tyrol but it would appear to be an aberration. ab. coreae Strand. Arch. Naturg. 1917. 82. A 2.p. 50. Forewing with the gold patch tinged with, green and not extending to the subterminal line. 1 * o o Moot. 292. P.1, Plusia Ochs. bractea Schiff. /ien Verz. 1775* P. 314. = securis Villiers. Linn. 4nt. 1739. 2. p.271. pi. 5. f. 10. aberrational forms etc. bractea Schiff. tyoical form -• — purple-brown with golden spot. ab . ar gen tea Gronemeyer . 'Hit. 2. 1912. 25. p. 240. = ar gen tea-macul ata Vorbrodt. Schmett. Schweiz. 1912. 1. p.422. With distinct silver leaf. Vorbrodt’ s ar gen tea-inaculata had silver spot instead of gold. ab.bracteana Strand. Arch. Naturg. (1916 ) 1917.82. A 2.p.p0. Forewing with the metallic stigna only slightly drawn out at its lower end. formally the spot stretches out more than M slightly" , but it is a most variabl character with many intermediate stages. ab. hanickae Silbernagel. Acta Soc. 3nt. Bohem. 1940, 37. p. 113. TToct. 293 p. 1. Plusia Ochs, festucae Linn. SJyst. !\Tat. Ed. 10. p. 513* aberrational forms etc. ab. coalescens Schultz. Bnt. t. 1905* 19. P • 86. = marisola Krulikowsky. Soc.Ent. 1908.23. p. 11. = festucella Strand. Arch. Naturg. (1916)1917*82. A 2. p. 48. = juncta Greer. Bntom. 1920. 53»P* 4% Thd two silver spots on the forewing are united. ab.miniana Schultz. Snt. 1. 1905.19. p. 87* = ignita Cockayne. Bnt.Eec. 1991. 63.0. 163. Forewings unicolorous bright vermilion or brick-red, the brown tones absent. Head, antennae and thorax of a similar colour , abdomen, particularly on the under¬ side , stronger red than hormal , the legs also red of a brighter tint. The silver soots in the median area normal, the other metallic markings often restricted by the light red ground colour. Cockayne’s ignita would seem to be the same bright form. The description says- The usual brown markings rich red-brown, and the pale ones bright reddish- orange; the thorax reddish-orange ,the abdomen rosy-red at the sides and on the an al end, the antennae and legs bright reddish-orange. The form is a more brilliant and fiery-red than any other seen by the author. ltoct..293A. Plu3is. Ochs. P * — • '■ gracilis Laapke. Snt, Bar. (Anst. ) . 1966. 26.0.69. aberrational foims, etc. ct.29-4 p.l. Plusia Ochs iota Linn. Syst. 'at. 1753. Ed. 10. p. ';]/ aberrational forms etc. iota Linn, typical form. — -the 'T mark divided into two parts, the upper lice a "V’1 ,the lower like a tear* or a round spot. 1 ab. ancora Prayer. lieu Beitr.l833*l.p*89.pl*47 f. 1. Much paler than the typical form. Bred from pupa therefore in fresh condition. The figure shows the ground colour very pale flesh colour, the markings distinct. ab, inscrip ta Esper. Eur. Schmett. 1787. 4 (1) .p. 229.pl. 113 £.5* PTo trace of the usual metallic " Y” shows on the forewings. ab. percontationis Preit3chke. Schmett. Eur. 1826. 1. ( 3). p.184. = bar tholonxaeii Hen. Bull. Fnys. ’ leth. Acad. 1859. 14 pip. The upper and lower parts of the metallic mark, usually separated, are united into a " Y” , as in gamma. ab.incipiens Lempke. Ti.jdschr.Ent, (194-6) 1949. 90.p. 110. The drop (spot) of the two silver marks fails, the hook is normal. This is the lower mark, referred to above as a "tear" or round spot. ab.baltica Speyer. Stett. Ent. 1. 1875. 3&.P. 103 footnote. Much darker, more violet-brown than the typical form. ELusia Ochs 'Toot. 295, P.l. pulchrina Haworth. Lep. Brit.l809.p. 2p6. - v-aureum Guenee. Hist. Wat. Ins. Lep. I852. Tibet. 2. p. 339. aberrational forms etc. pulchrina Haworth, typical form — the metallic parts, the upper like a V,the lower usually in the 11 Y" mark divided into two shape of an elliptical spot. ab.percontatrix Aurivillius. "ford. F.joril&r- 188 8r91. P.181. - juncta Tutt. Brit. T Toe 1. 1892. 4. p. 29. - ypsilon Eiesen. Stett.Snt. '.1901. 62. p. l66. The two metallic marks of the forewing united separated into an upper "V" and a lower spot. to form a. " Y' , instead of being ab. incipiens Schawerda. Z, 0 st. Ent. Ver. 1929. 14. p. 10 7. = orbata Dahl. Ent. Tidslcr.1930.pl. ?. 2^2. pi. 1 f.4. Tie lower metallic spot of the forewing is absent The upper part, usually "V" + a trace. shaped, reduced to jus Dahl’s figure of orbata shows the upper mark as a mere spot, the lower spot completely absent. ab. gammoides Speyer. Stett.Snt, 3.1875. 3^.n. 103 footnote, ~1o let- grey, like many P. gamma, not red as in the typical form. ab. pallida 'arren. Seita. 1913. 3. p. 331. The ground colour is whitish. ab. derosea Van ’isselingh. Ent. 3er. Anst.l934.1p.p,19. Tie ground colour grey-brown,without a trace of red or violet. ab. gloriosa Cockayne. Ent. tec. 1951 » 63. p. lop. {Pig. Sntora. 33* p. 1 text. ) On the forewing there is a large wedge-shaped golden patch beginning at the antemedian line as a narrow streak and widening gradually and becoming less defined when it reaches the postmedian line; there is a golden line along the subcostal, and another along the median nervure , and two diffuse golden streaks, one between nervures 4 and p and another between 3 and 6; there is golden lin along the edge of the sub terminal line and an area of diffuse pale rosy colour outside it. ab.denudata Cockayne. Ent, Tlec. 1931. 63.0.163* pi. 5 f* 8. The area between nervures 1 and 3 on the forewing from the antemedian to the postmedian line is almost symmetrically devoid of scales except those of the golden marks, which remain intact; the proximal and distal sides of the reniform are golden and there are scattered golden scales along the external aspect of the subterminal line. Underside normal. Noct. 296, P .1. Plusia Ochs ni Hu'bner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. 1800-03* pi. 58. f. 284. aberrational forms etc. ni Hubner. typical form - — the metallic mark on the forewings divided into two parts, the upper shaped like a "IP, the lower merely a spot, or drop. ab. comma Schultz. Int. Ent. b. 1907. 1. p. 32. On, the forev/ing the upper and lower parts of the silver marking are joined so that a comma shaped character is formed. The branches of the upper mark are united at the top forming an oval instead of a U. ab. f lorida Dannehl. Hitt, Munch. Ent, Ges. 1929. 19. p. lit. The ground colour milk-white. The normally black-brown markings are pale silver- grey, the fringes white and pale grey chequered. Hindwings white-grey broadly dusted grey on the margins. The author does it was described specimen in the not say whether this is subspecific in the Apennines from . It would seem more likely to be an aberration, w e have a Tring Museum from Algeria which answers the description. whence Nbot. 297. p.l. Plusia Ochs gamma Linn. Syst. %t. 1798. K. p. 513* aberrational forms etc. gamma Linn. typical form — - the metallic mark forming a letter "Y” ,not sapara_t- ed into two parts as ii pulchrina and iota. 1 ab. bipartita Orstadius. Snt. Tidskr.1930.pl. p.2p6. fig. The " Y" mark on the forewing divided into two parts, an upper "V’1 and 9. lower small spot. ab. comma Ostrejkowka. Trav. 3oc, 3ci.Lettres,Vilno Cl. Sci.Math,TTat,1929. l.p.l. Hie gamma mark reduced to a fairly thick bar, curved in the middle. I have not seen the original description. ab. tiltscheri Dioszegby. Verh.iiitt. Siebenb. Ver. Nat. 1933. 83-84. p. 130. A further reduction of the gamma mark, the lower part being absent, leaving the upper "V". jy o X * o# a b. incipiens Cockayne. Sntom. 1953. 88. p. 75- pi. 3 The normal silver mark is reduced to only one dot, Cockayne says this corresponds with the ab. incipiens of P. iota which is not actually correct. In the iota, form the uoper part of the "Y" is present and only the lower spot absent, in Cockayne’s gamma the lower part remains whilst the upper part is absent. The description howevef covers any form of gamma in which the "Y51 is reduced to only one dot. ab. gartneri Skala.Ent. i. 1929. 42. p. 317 • Hie ground colour pale and the gamma mark large and dissolved, giving a most strange appearance. '7e have a specimen in which the position of the "Y” is of a blurred whitish appearance as though the T had been melted into nothing. This is possibly gartneri but the description is not clear. ab. pallida Putt. Brit. 1 loot. I892. 4.p. p2. Of a very pale 'whitish— grey colour. ab. rufescens Putt. Brit. Woct. 1892. 4.p. 32. The red colour more pronounced and occupying more space than usual. ab. rufa Verity. Bull. Soc.Ent. It. 1904. 36. p. 77* Possibly the same as the preceding rufescens Putt. The black suffusion of the forewings is replaced by a beautiful reddish colour, the T nark golden instead of silver, so that it has a different look from the typical. form. r 0 « Moot. 297, p.2. gamma Linn, continued ab. alba Cockayne. Ent. dec. 195-1. 63.0. Ib4. HI parts of the moth white, the forewings markings pale greyish; the thorax has pale slightly tinged with cream and the brownish-gr ey markings. ab. nigricans -Spuler. Schmett. Bur. 1907. 1. p. 304. = purpurissa Warren. Seitz. 1913* 3. P* 351. The forewings, except for the paler narrow border, /arren *s purpurissa, of which we have the Type, is to'possibly a more brownish colour, although I mys does — violet-black-brown. wholly violet-black-brown toned, the same form slightly faded eld would describe it as Souler ab.brunnescens Gelin & Lucas. Cat. Lap. Ouest Prance. 1912. p. 143. I ha.ve not seen the original description. Turner says it is "A very fine melanic specimen with the lines of the forewing3 marked out in brown, the outer angle of the v/ings and the anal angle of the hindwings marked with a broad brown patch." It may possibly be the preceding nigricans Spuler since it is melanic, but until the original description is seen, it is separated. ab. al epics. TTitsche. Verh. zool.-bot. Ces. /ion. 1911. 6l.p. (52). The hindwings hyaline except for the broad blackish margins. The than normal. 1 fore wings paler 1 ab. gammina Staudinger. Cat. Ed. 3. 1901. p. 2S8. = minus cula Lambillion. Cat. Lep. Bel g. 1904. p. 144. Half the size of normal, well marked. Lambillion' s rainuscula was a dwarf form with usually lighter ground colour. ab. lilacina Lempke. Tij dschr. Tint. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 118, 'The pale parts of the forewings beautifully pale lilac. Lb.i eri] t Vs le Pol. 3 b.Ber. ( ' am ;19'j3. 23. p. 63. fig. The gamma spot is lacking. Pne figure shows only a tiny white dot on the left forewing and a the right . beautiful Toot. 299 P.l. Abroatola Ochs, trigemina = triplasia 'erneberg. Beitr . dchmett. 1864. 2,p. 49. Bso. Slur. Tchmett, auct. ( nec. Linnaeus ) , pi. 169. fig; 1. This species has been called triplasia Linn. for many years. Tams states that triolasia Iinn.i3 actually the species long known as tri-oartita Huf n. , the lighter insect. See next species. aberrational forms etc. trigamina /erneberg. typical form — basal area and anal angle patch. foreings dark brownish- black with paler ab, mono tons. Lento ke, Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. P* 122. The paler colour on the forewings fails, the rest normal. ab. juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 1 949. 90. p. 122. ( descript, vol. 82. p.197. ) The orbicular and reniform join but remain distinct. ab. semiconfl uens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 122.(Descr.vol.82.p. 197. ) Instead of joining up, the stigmata are united by a double line. - — n o -» <* * ♦ c Noct. 300. p. 1. Abrostola Ochs triplasia Linn. 3yst. fat. 1758. Ed X. p.517. = tripartita Hufn. 3erl. Hag. 1766. 3.P. 414. = triplasia Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schmett. 1800-03. pi. pp. f. 269. - urticae Hubner. Samml.Eur. Schraett. 181 4-17.pI.137* f. ;>2p. This species until recently has been called tripartita Hufn. it is triplasia Linn. , the name by v/hich the preceding species known. Tams states that has long been aberrational forms etc. triplasia Linn. typical form — forewings blackish-brown with lighter basal area and anal angle patch which in this species are grey, not fawn, as in the preceding. The figure of Hubner’ s urticae does not show this pale area to any degree but the artists of those days were not exact to such a degree, so it is treated as a synonym of the type form. 1 ab. plumbea Cockayne, Ent. Rec. 194-7. 99. P# 1> Forewing unicolorous dark leaden grey, without any pale markings, but with the usual dark markings visible; fringes considerably darker than usual. Hindwing with basal area nearly as dark as the marginal area. Thorax dark leaden grey with no pale scales, but with the usual rust coloured scales present, abdomen dark grey with the hairs at the base leaden grey instead 03? pale. Transitional forms occur which show a restricted amount of pale marking. ab.juncta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. (l94o) 194-9. 90. p. 123. ( descrip t.vol. 82. p. 197) The orbicular and reniform join up but remain distinct. ab. semiconfluens Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. Instead of joining up the stignata are (1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 123. ( descript. vol. 82197 ) united by a double line. , . Boot. 301. P. 1. Episema Ochs. caerulao cephala Linn. Cyst. 'Tat. 1758. .3d, X. p. 504.(Eaun, ; p.259. caer ul eocephala Linn, typical form — for ©wings gray with the stigmata united. aberrational forms etc. ,2b. no Q 9 p a 1*— ■ » ab . bipartita Strand, arch, Math. Naturv. 1903< = separata Schultz. Soc.Ent.i967. 22. p.51. The two stigmata of the forev/ing which usually run together are distinctly separate. ab. orbiraaculata Strand, hrch. • lath. Ja/turv. 1903.25, no. 9. p. 13. The two stigmata joined together as usual but in addition, towards the base, between them and the first transverse line, there is a third stigma, round and small, coloured as the others and sharply defined. ab. coalita Meves. Ent, Tidskr. 1914. 35. P. Id. i = confluens Darner. Ent, 2*1922.. 35* p. 100. * The t ro stigmata, so fused together that one large snot is formed with two grey kernels (bev-wavi p>4/.p. Dammer’s confluens had the inner edges of the two stigmata so united that one very large spot is formed. ab.protensa Lemoke. Tijdschr. Exit. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 124, The orbicular stigma lengthened and touching the inner line. ab. ob sol eta Lempke. Tijdschr, Ent. (194-6) 1949. 90. p. 124. The reniform stigma almost or completely disappeared. ab. funesta Cockayne. Ent. dec. 1951. 63. p. 164. fig. Barrett pi. Up. f . -c. The usually conspicuous stigmata on the forev/ing are the same colour as the rest of the wing and therefore invisible. Che Type specimens are in the 3. C. K. collection at 'Bring and show a tiny ligh' snot on each wing, all that remains of the reniform. t ab.capnodes Dannehl. Ent. 1.1925.39. p.l52« Eorewings. with grey-blackish ground, colour, without the bluish-violet tone, and with an increase of the blackish tone over the stigmata so that the outer one, often both, appear sooted over. In extremes the whole specimen gives the impression of being unicolorously black- grey, only slightly lightened on the costa in place of the stigmata. . Hindwings consider ebly darker than in the typical for#. '/ ery close to the^ preceding funesta Cockayne, especially the extreme form mentioned. The h^dwings however are also darkened, which is not the case with funesta. 'The name would apply to specimens in which the stigmata are sooted over but are still apparent. ab. inf uimata Schwingenschuss. V erh. sool. -bot. Ges. 7ien. 19IS. 68. p. ( ICO ) . The fore and hindwings , thorax and abdomen, darkened to black-brown, and the usually white-grey stigmata yellow. Toot, 301. p.2. caeruleocephala Linn, continued ab. clausa Lemnke. , Tijdschr. Ent, ( 19 46 ) 1949. 90. p. 124. { descript, vol. 32. p. 197 j The first and second transverse lines of the forewing join at the inner margin. ab. nigrof asciata Hackray. Lambillionea 1933. 33. p, 34. pi. 8 f. 6. The postmedian line of the forewing widened to form a very black band which in its upper part actually reaches the reniform. The ground colour lighter than normal. The figure shows the postmedian lire usually very fine and not touching the reniform ^widened , especially in its upper half, and intensely black, travelling from the costa to the inner margin, .’he upper part is so widened as to reach the reniform stigma. ab.medionigra van Wisselingh. (nom.nov.pro nigrof as data v.’dsa nec Hackr. ) Ent.Ber. (imst. ) 1966j26:p. 183. -nigrof asciata van Wisselingh. (nom.praeoc. Hackray) Ent.Ber. (iimst. )1966; 26:;ol54 Thorax and abdomen black, collar dark brownish- grey; forewings with black central area and normal light stigmata, basal area and submarginal l "watered1' j band dark brownish-grey, marginal area blackish. Hindwings dark grey. The description is from the Dutch, as the English translation is slightly incorrect. Van Wisselingh himself re-named nigrof as data, since Peer deman pointed out to him that the name had already been used by Hackray in 1933 for a completely different form. —see above for Hackray *'s. nigrof asciata. , • foot. 302 p*l. Acontia Ochs luctuosa Schiff, ien Verz. 1775*P*90* aberrational forma etc. luctuosa Schiff. typical form — the spots white on a black ground. ab. ochracea Tutt. Brit. loot. I892. 4. p. 2. The large characteristic -spot on the forewings ochreous instead of white. A A ab. rosinans Oberthur ( Culot ) . Noots. 1913 ”17 • 2. p. b The brown tone, which is very dark in the type form, becomes light reddish-brown. ab. lineosa Spuler. Schmett. Bur. 1907. 1. p. 28'/» The dark marginal band of the forewings sometimes with a row of antemarginal whitish spots; on its inner side bordered by a deep black fine line, separated by yellow, . The description is somewhat puzzling, there seems to be no yellow in the margins band. Spuler calls the form the "Many Lined" , it is presumably characterized by the row of white antemarginal spots which, normally, is not complete, ab. obscurosa Spuler. Schmett. Eur. 1907. 1. P* 287. = r educta Cockayne . But. He c. lOpl. 63. p • 1 6 4* The whitish spot of the forewing and the white hindwing band very greatly reduced. Cockayne's r educta can hardly be separated; it had the white central spot oi the forewing much reduced and separated from the costa, and the white areas of the hindwing reduced, ab.angustifascia V/arren. Seitz 1913* 3. P* 286.pl. p2 row K. On the hindwings the white median band is greatly restricted and sometimes interrupted. ab. latefascia Schawerda. Ent. Eundsch. 1938* 55 • P. 55^. The opposite to the preceding angustifascia /arren. The v/hite middle band of the hindwing occupies more than half of the wing; the black at the base and that of the outer margin reduced. ab.pallidior Silhernagel. Z. 'ien Ent. (x8s.1944.29. p. Ipp* The whole forewing surface light yellow-brown, also the broad dark marginal band of the hindwing is lighter. Very near ab. rosinans Oberthur in which the forewing is light reddish-brown. Noct. 303. Lygophila Bill berg. p.l. pastinum Preitschke. Schmett. Bur. 1826. 5. ( 3 ) . P. 297. = lusoria Hubner, (nec. Linn. ) Saraml.Bur.Schnett.1800~03.pl. /.if* 31H. ( nom. i>r so c. L inn } aberrational forms etc. pastinum Traits dike — typical form — forewings greyish ab. pallida 'Putt. Brit. Noct. 1892 . 4. p. 4 3. = decolor arren. Seitz. 1913. 3»P. (?S0 r°¥ F. Forewings of a whiter grey than the type form, the transverse bands or fasciae obsolete, especially the brown area between the sub terminal and angulated lines; the dark scales which give the type a more mottled appearance, very few in number. A much paler form. .'arren' s decolor was "much paler without any brown tinge." a misidentification of the ab. ludicra Haworth. Lep. Brit. 1809.p. 2p9. Bie single specimen mentioned by Haworth wa 2 Continental ludicra Hubner. Phe description says the forewings are fuscous instead of grey, with two obsolescent stripes towards the apex . Putt’s remarks in Brit. Noct. IV.( he says that the form, would appear to be those specimen which have the outer margin strongly browned) are somewhat pu3zling,there".is nothing to suggest this in Haworth’s description. Lerapke has copied Putt and gives ludicra as an aberration with the margins darkened. If the name is use' at all, it should be for specimens which are more fuscous than the greyish typical form, the fuscous not being confined to the margins only. ab.dilutior Staudinger. Iris 1892.5.0.372. ■Inch lighter than typical, the brown tint almost completely absent, Phe reniforai crescent mark much narrower, the two black spots at its lower end more or less absent; the orbicular in some specimens completely absent. Very similar to pallida. 'Putt but with reduced marking of the stignata. ab. impuncta Lempke. Pijdschr. The black ooint in the nlace Ent. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 126. of the orbicular stigma fails. ab. ob s cur a Cockayne. Ent. dec. 1951. 63. p. 164. 'Tie ground colour of the forewing much colour as the subterminal band, which is also darker than usual. darker than usual and also unusually dark. almost the same The hind' ing is ab. elongata * ab. 17 astragali Eambur (Her rich Schaffer). Syst. Bearb. 1847.2. p. 41t.pl. 54 Fossibly a race confined to Southern : Spain, Tne description says the forewings show much thicker, large, dark wavy striae which cause the terminal small black points to become lost. Founded on a single specimen so may well be merely an aberration. The coloured figure shows the ground colour very whitish- grey , covered with numerous tiny flecks an ' striae, and without the brown marginal band of the typical form, all that remains of this band is a triangle near the o*n py Toct, 304, p.l. Lygephila Billb craccae Jchiff. 'ien V orz. 1775* p. 94. aberrational forme etc. ab. immaculata Staudinger. Gat, III, 1901. p, 2^2, The reniform without the black marking, only the shadings showing. ab, plumbea Banks 3. Snt, fee, 1906, 18, p, 68, Forewings bluish- grey, more or less mixed with chocolate-brown, the terminal third much obscured by it. The costal black spots and triangular mark sure darker than typical, the reniform chocolate-brown partly black-margined, the orbicular varies from a black point to a minute white dot. The hindwings brownish-grey instead of pale greyish- brown. The form is conspicuously dark©] than the typical form. ab.brumiea 'arren. Seitz, 1913. 3* P. 374.pl. 68 row H. Instead of the typical grey ground, it is brown, sometimes with a rufous tinge. ab, per strigata Feb el. Ann. naturh. Hofmus. /ien. 1911. 2p. p. 345. More grey than brownish with very prominent transverse stripes. Description from Seitz, I have not seen the original. 0 Toot* 305 P.l. .ivula Guenee. sericealis Scop* Ent. Gam. 1 /6 3. p. 2 = albolividalis Schille. Polsk. Pismo 42* Ent. 1926.3.0.73. aberrational forms etc. sericealis Scop. forewings yellowish-white to light yellow ab. lutea Lempko, fij dschr. Ent. ( 1946 ) . 1949. 90. r>. 129. Forewings unicolorously clear yellow with dark central clot only. ab.expressa l»empke. fij dschr. lit. (1946) Fore wings whitish-yellow to pale yellow transverse lines. 1949. 9' Vo. 129. with dark central lot and two distinc ab. limb at a Gpuler. Schmett. Sur. 1907. l.p.294. Forewings with the mar gins, from the outer transverse line, darkened to grey- brown, also showing above the reniform, obliquely to the inner margin, a dark streak. Hindwing’s with the margins also broadly darkened grey. ab, laetior Gpuler. Schmett. Eur. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 294. Forewings more intensive brown-yellow. ab.ochrea Oufrane. Lambillionea 1932. 32. p. 84. Forewings dark yellow- ochre, not pale yellow as the type; hindwings greyish- yellow. ab. oenipontana Hellweger. Verk. cool. -bot. ges. -lien, 1902. p2. p. 711. = brunnea Lambillion. Gat.Lep. 3elg.l904.p. 139. Forewings without any trace of the normal yellow tint. The ground colour’ is greyish bone-white , towards the outer margin becoming very strongly dusted with brown-grey scales, in extreme specimens almost unicolor ous dark smoke- brown, with 1 violet-grey silky sheen. Lambillion' 3 brunnea was of a dark grey-brownish tint. ab. signata Lempke Forewings with a . Tij dschr. Tint. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 1.30. sharp- second line,hindv;ings with distinct transverse line. •, . . $ t» •» *5 <3 loot. 306 p. 1. Scollop teryx Gerra&r, libatrix Linn. ■ x/s o. Mat. Ed. 10. 175 8. p.307. aberrational forms etc. p. b. suffusa Tutt. Brit. •foot. 1891. 3. p. 97* Forewings dull greyish-fuscous with no red on the outer margin. ab.pallidior Spuler. Sclmett.Eur.i907. l.p.297. n hitisli- grey-looking specimens. " This is all the description says. It presumably means that the greyish look overides the reddish. ab. pallida Spuler. Schmett. Eur. 1907. 1. p. 29 7. Paler ,more yellowish specimens. Described as a race from Turkestan but Drauclt says the form occurs elsewhere Fe have specimens from Turkestan which the aberration, so it is not racial. show that the type form also occurs wit ab. impuncta Lempke. Tijischr.Ent. (194-6) 1949. 90. p. 12??. The white central dot on the forewin..; nils. ab. approximata Lempke, Tijdschr. lit. (194b) The inner and outer lines of the forewings 1949. 90. p.126. stand, close together. ab. besti Osthelder. Schmett. Sudbayern. 1927.P. 349* Forewing unicolorous dark violet-grey with a reddish hue; the strongly reduced and grey suffused. The two transverse lines towards each other and joining on the inner margin. The latter character would seem to be the main one, since it r whiti sh mar kings 3 tr on gL y d r awn nust be very rare. ab.unilinea Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1949* 90. p. 126. The inner transverse line of the forewing fails completely. Toot. 307. ■O.l. Phytometra Hubner. viridaria Clerck. leones. 1739* 1. pi. 9 f. 12. laccata Sconoli. Ent. Carn. 1763.0, 226. aenea Hubner. Beitrage Schmett. 1786-89. 1. (3)»P» 10.pl. l.f.D olivaoea Vieweg. Tab. V er^;. 17'°'9. 2. p . 8b. aenea(latruncula) !sp sr. 3ur. Schmett. 1791. ’■( • » 1,1 purpura ta Pabricius* 'Tat. 3yst. 1794, 3. (2). o. 1. aberrational foms etc. viridaria derok. typical form — the ground colour olive green, th< showing a ■ride purple marginal band and two narrower ones. ’The figure of aenea [ubner in his Beitrage is also olive green. Most authors seem to have missed the Beitrage reference and give SamL.Eur. Schmett* fig. 350, which is coloured much darker and treated by Tutt, arren,Lempke etc as an aberration. It ha? no standing since aenea Hubner is the one figured in the Beitrage and is a synonym of viridaria Glerck. Hubner figures three different foms, all called aenea. -the first in the Beitrage, the second in Sararal. Eur. ochme tt. f ig. 350 , the third in the same work fig. bp 4. coloured figure 330 in ab. aenea Haworth ( 110c. Hubner 3-789 )lep. Brit. 1809', p. 226. The ground colour fuscous instead of olive-green. The Hubner *s Samral. Eur. Schmett. agrees with this description and I'kvorSi cites it but Hubner *s first figure of aenea in Beitrage of 1789 is the same as Glerck* s viridaria and so stands as the true aenea Hubner. The darkened figure in the Samral. is merely the work of the artist and varies in different copies. ab. ciiicta Treitschke. Schmett. Bur. 1826. ( 3 ) . o. 274. ( Hbn. Samml. Eur. 3ch. f i, ... 6p4) This may or may not be the same as ab.fusca Tutt# Tie author merely says oho forewings are often dull and brown-grey as in Hubner *3 figure 634- (am almost certain error for 654 .which is called aenea ,634 being dasychira) . Tig. 6p4' shows the ground colour greyish-brown with the , normal purple bands replaced by dark, almost blackish, or own, especially the median one, which is wider and darker than the marginal ones. This median line is continued on the . hindwinga to form a rough circle, the probable reason for the name "cincta". It is separated hero because of this striking median line which, however, may be the exaggeration on the oart of the artist. ab.fusca Tutt. Brit. TToct. 1892. 4. p. 60. = modesta Caradja. Iris I896.9.P. 30. Totally fuscous, without the purple bands. Caradja* s modesta wholly unicolorous dark grey brown to olive-brown without any trace of the purple bands, in their place are narrow, dark, brown or black- grey, stripes. ab. Ijungrlahli TTord strom. Svenska Pjarilar. 1940. p. 21J. pi. 3' -. f • 2c. Tne purple bands replaced by dark grey-green , The coloured figure shows the ground colour light grey- green with darker bands, ab. suffusa Tutt. Brit. 'Toot. 1892. 4. p. 60. Zings blackish- fuscous the margins somewhat larker. ab.reducta Lempke. Tijdsclir. But. (194c) 1949. 90. P. 128. Porewings with sharply contrasting purple central band, the one before the outer margin fails. 49. 90. p. 139. The subterminal line fails; ground colour brown-grey. ab. obsol eta Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. (1946) 1949. 90* p. 139. all the transverse lines obsolete; the ground colour brown-grey. ab. brunnea-bilineata Lempke, Tij dschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 90.P.139* The subterminal line fails as in ab. bilineata but the ground colour is clear brownish. ab. signata Spuler. Schmett. Sur. 1908. 1. p. 330. 'The white spots on the subterminal line ,mostly only present as traces, developed as larger triangular or cuneate spots, up to five in number. gen. aest.p&rva Hannemann, Int.Ent. T. 1917* 10. r>. 122. Summer brood. About a third smaller than the Spring brood (typical). Moot. 311. p.l. 9 = 9 - d palpalis Fabrioius. Uantissa Ins.1787.2. .217. aberrational forms etc. Hyp ena Schrank. rostral is Linn. Syst, Tat.Ed. 10. 1758. p.533. iiec. .. variegata Tutt. Brit. 'Foot. 1892. 4. p. 63* 9 rostralis Linn. 9. typical form — markings, the female of the species. dark grey to browii ah- gr ey , with variegated The male is palpalis Fabricius. 1 <5 palpalis Fabricius. d p r e suraably unicolo r o u s . mar gin e crassiori albo" of rostralis Linn. — - dark grey to dark brov/n-grey. The description merely says "alls griseis,posticis ,the latter apparently refers to the underside which is whitish on the margins. Hale forms. d ab. ochrea Tutt. Brit. IToct, 1892. 4. p. 64. Unicoi orous,ochreous or greyish-ochreous. d ab. unicolor Tutt, Brit. doct. I892. 4. p. 54. Unicolor ous, pale greyish d ab. brunnea Lempke. Tijfischr. 3nt. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 141. Unicolorous, , clear brownish without grey tint. 4 ab. spoctans Dannehl.Ent. 3.1926. 40. p. 399« Darker than ab. unicolor Tutt and showing a strongly white- surrounded orbicular stigna. These white circles give the impression of eyes, hence the name ’Lspecton. d ab. dimidialis Dannehl. Ent, k Forewings from the base to -the the wing, is dark, but the outer hardly noticeable, in appearance ab. ochrea Tutt in colour. 1933. 47. p.32. hardly visible pale band, half strongly lightened, they are dull unicolorou approximately half of 'Tie submarginal is s somevfhat resembling Female forms. 9 ab. ochrea-variegata TutH Brit. Foot, 1892, *pk 9 f ,1 be-. Ochreous or greyish-ochreous, with distinct markings. Varietal :d f 01111. 9 ab . varia Lempke . Pii d s chr . kit. (1946) 1949. 90 . p . 1 41 . = rostralis Tutt/ nee. Linn. ) Brit. bet. 1892. 4. p. Forewings light greyish or pale brown- grey, mottled. Variegated form. Lempke renames the form described by Tutt as the typical one. The type was not light greyish but dark grey, Linnaeus amplified his original description in Faun. 3u0c.Fd.2.p.3pO and says ''obscure grisoscentes" , Tutt ’s 'i&gnosis was therefor • incorrect. 7 Toot. 311 o. 2. ros trails Linn, continued 'enal 0 forms- continued. 9 ab. br.unnea-variegata Lempke. lb’. Fore’, rings clear bromish, without jdschr. tit. (1946) 1949. ;0.p,141 r tint,mottled. fariegated s> orm# Forms occurring in both male and female. ab. yittatus Tf&worth, Lep. Frit. 1809. P* 3^7* = vittata-variegata Lempke. Tijdschr.Fnt. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 141. Fore* .rings • light grey with fuscous cloudings, ■'■rith a broad cream costal stripe or band. This travels from the base to the apex. Lempke has named the female form which would seem to be superfluous. It is made a synonym here but can be used for females if so desired. ab. radia tails TTubner. Saraml.Sur. Schmett. 1796. Pyralides. pi. 20. f . ig4. = radia tali s-var i e gat a Lempke . Ti j dschr. Snt. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90, p. 142. The figure shows the character of the preceding,a broad light brownish costal streak or band, plus the blackening of the veins on a paler area outwards from The figure is that of the middle of the wing, which give the effect of rays, a male. Lempke has named the same form in the female which I consider superfluous, it can be used if so desired but is made a synonym here. Schrankia Hubner, 'Toot. 312. p.l. taenialis Hubner. Samral.Eur. Schmett. 1800-09* Pyral. pi. 22. f .Ipl = albistrigatis Haworth. Leo. Brit. I809.0. - albistrigatus Stephens. Ill. Haust. 1834. 4.p.20. = acuminalis Herrioh- Schaefer. Deutsoh. Ins. I838.pt. 163. fig; 2. =albistrisalis Sue nee. TT_! ' J~S±s0 Tat. Ins. 1834. Pjral. 8, p. 42. aberrational forms etc. f ab.ob3oleta Leinpko. TLjdschr.Bnt. (194$) 1949. 90. p. 144. Hie transverse lines obsolete, Thai is Lempke’s translation into English, the Dutch however reads " the lines very weak." transverse ; \ - -Toot. 313. Schrankia Hubner. p.l. costaestrigalis Stephens. Ill. Haust. 183 4. 4. P.21, = acnminalis Her rich- Schaffer. Syst. Bearb. 1843.2. aberrational forms etc. costaestrigalis Stephans — typical form — forewings gr eyish- brown somewhat triangular fuscous patch towards the apex of the costa. ab. menotona Lempke. Tij Ischr. Sat. ( 194-6 ) 1949. 90. P- 144. Porewings unicolorously brownish, without the dark costal blotch, the lines distinct, as a rule bordered by yellow-brown. ab. unicolor Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. (1946) 1949. 90. P. 144. Porewings unicolorously brownish, without the tranverse lines. 3. 442.pl. 120. 1 sl9. with a two transverse — — - - » <* « o O O u o Troct. 31A • -- • Iiyp a node 3 Doubleday, turfosalis /ocke. Breslauer Snt. J. I830.nl. >. f. 17. = bumidalis Doubleday. Zoologist 18p0. 8. Append. p. 07. aberrational forms turfosalis ' 'ocke. - typical form — transverse lines. etc. forewings light or own- grey, with distinct ab. bicolor Lempke. Tijdschr. lint. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 145. The basal half of the forewings dark, the outer half pale. ab. obscura Lemoke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) Forewings unicolorously dark grey, with 1949. 90. p. 145. the normal transverse lines. « Toct. 315 p.l. Zanclc gnatha Lederer. tarsipennalis Traitschke. jchmett. Fur. 183.5. 10(3). P. 5. - tarsiorinalis Hubner. ( nec. Khoch.. ) Samml. Eur. Ichmett. 17(-)otyr,:i, 5. = denticornalis 'ocke. Breslauer Ent. l85O.pl. 4 f. 15. = kuwerti Fuchs. Itett. Ent. Z. lp73. P» 59 - varialis Fuchs. 3tett.Ent. Z. 1875* P. 59* aberrational forma etc. tarsipennalis Treitschke tranaverse lines. — the ground colour brownish to brown-grey, with three ab. bid entails Heinemann. Schmett. Deutschl.& Schweiz. 1859. l.p. P09. Lempke restricts this formjwhich differs only very slightly in colour from the typical) to the only definite character given in the description. This is the outer or sub terminal line of the hin-.lv/ings, which is not angled or hooked as in the typical form, but rounded. See Lempke, 1ijdschr.Ent.vol. 90.p.- 134. ab. delineata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (194-6) 1949. 90. p. Ip4. Forewings with the inner and outer lines absent. In his Lempke says the first said second lines. ab. obScura For swings d Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 114. ark grey-brown, not brownish to brown-grey a. s description in Dutch in the typical forint. ab.paradoxa Cockayne. Ent. iec. 1951. sl.p. 164. The areas on the forewing between the basal and antemedian lines, and between the oostmelian and termen, are considerably darker than the median area. The outer half of the hindwing from the postmedian line to the margin i. dark jneci. ge: , II. autumnalis Dannehl. "lit. Z. 1933*4/. p, 32. Late summer brood, noticeably smaller than the first generation. ei o a s a o . o 0 9 o e Zanclognatha L od or or, PToot. 31o. p.l. nemoralis Pabricius . Cyst, frit. l'/75- p. 642. = grisealis Sohiff. 'ien Yer 3. 1775* P. 120. aberrational forms ate. nemo rails Pabr. ( grisealis Sohiff) three transverse lines. typical form - fore-zings grey-brown -ith 1 ab . clara Lempke. Ti j dschr. 3nt. ( 1946 ) 194-9. 90* P. 135» Forewings paler, more yellow-brown. Hindwings also paler than in the typical form. ab. approximata Cockayne. Unt. he c. 19pl. P. 164. ( Fig. Entom. vol. 44. p. 1. ) On the forewings the oostmedian( second) line is displaced towards the antemedian and united to it along the costa. Fhe postmedian line touches instead of running some distance external to it. All the lines usual. the discoid al spot are 'thicker than / f 'Toot, 317 P. 1. Zanclognatha Lederer cribrumalis Hubner. Vogel und Sohmett.1793.pl.lp. ~ oribralis Hubner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. 1796. Pyral. pi. 1. £ . aberrational forms etc. cribrumalis Hbn. - typical form - for swings bone-white , with t p rows of small black soots in place of the postmedian and subterminal lines. ab. nigro striata Urbahn. Stett.Ent. h 1939. 100. p. 6j>3. The black discoidal soot of the forewings united with median row, by a black streak. nearest soo t in the po st¬ ab, mode staiis Boldt. Lep.Hundsch.19t8. i.p. 7, On the forewing the discoidal spot is present but only feeble two transverse rows of spots. traces remain of the ab.obsoleta Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 194-9.90. P. 135* Forewings without the discoidal spot and the transverse rows of spots obsolete. In his Dutch description Lemoke says the spots are "very weak" ,not obsolete. ab. basil ineata Lemoke. Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. P. 135* On the forewings besides the two rows of striped spots, there is also line at the base (an antemedian ) . ?•=> VlP’d-ft O' ab. tangens Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 194-9. 90. f>. 135* Forewings as in the preceding basilineata,with s.n atemedian row of but the postmedian- line projects inwards above the inner margin to lowest projection of the antemedian zigzag line. This means that the two lines join above the inner margin and then before teaching ‘the. inner margin. spots developed touch the part again ab. reducts. Lempke. Tijdschr. Snt. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 135. The row of short strip e-spots (in the place of the postmedian row), is absent. ab. grisescens Lempke, Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 194-9. 90. p. 13^. The ground colour of the forewings not bon e-white, but darker Hindwings also darkened, especially along the margin. , greyish in colour. Paracolax Hubner, Toot. 318. p.l. derivalis Hubner. Samral. Eur. Schmett. 1796. Pyral. EL. 3. f . 1 . . aberrational forms etc. derivalis Hubner. three transverse the outer one an - typical form — forewings yellow-brown with dar lines. Hindwings with two transverse lines in the almost certain exaggeration. k dusting, coloured figure ab. delicata Dannehl. Ent. Z. 1925. 39. P. 12. Ground colour light yell ow-brown , the dark atoms on All the lines very delicate and fine but sharp and tine forewings distinct. com.pl et ely ab s ent ab. f angalis Dannehl. Ent. 2. 192p. 39. P. 12. Dark brown, thickly dusted with black-brown a toms, broadened marking elements, in the outer area a row of dark brown soots often appearing almost like a band. ab. suffusa Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. P» 13&. The .ground colour strongly suffused with dark, therefore rest normal. The typical form has a yellow-brown ground more dirty brown, the , and consequently paler. ab. lateline&ta La ke. Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 1949. 90.P.136. 'Ihe transverse lines strikingly enlarged, the rest normal. ab. signata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 13 3. The subterminal line distinct, bordered with dark. ab. obsolete Lempke. Tijdschr.Ent. (1946) 1949. 99. p; 137® The central soot of the forewings obsolete. ab. unilineata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 9>D.p. 137* The inner line of the forewing’ fails. ab. dolineata Lempke. Tijdschr. Ent. (194b) 1949. 9^.p. 137* the transverse lines on the fore and hindwings fail but the central spot ore sent. is ab . mi sera. Dannehl , Ent. 3.1926. 40. p.398. Snail specimens with normal ground colour, or raarkinglessj the tranverse lines as well as Hindwings also unicolor ous grey-brown. grey-brown dusted, but comoletelv the discoidal spot have disappeared. ib. alternalis Dannehl. Ent. Z.1921 , !0. p. On the forewings only the middle field is fields of normal colour , therefore paler, transverse line, similarly strongly dusted smoke-brown covere Hindwings with the . dll markings are d,the basa.l and outer basal half, from the s trOn gly empha sis ed . a » a o o a a ’bet. 318 p.l. derivalis flbn. continue a. ab.virgata docci. Draudt’s description in Salta 3 ays the for swings show a widely shaded transverse stripe, dusky central area, and on the hindwings a dusky basal area. I have not seen the original, Die form must be extremely similar to the preceding alternalis Dannehl. ab. f asciata Bruun. TTotul. Ent. . 28, p. 112. 1 ab. approxiraata Ghalmer s-Hunt, Entom. 19ol. 9 4-. p. 283. pi. 7* -• 12. On the forewings the first and second lines are more heavily marked and placed closer together than normally. On the hindwings the transverse line is placed close enough to the base so as to almost connect with the discoidal spot, and nearly forms a continuation of the first line of the forewing. ab. innoto tails KLemefts iewiekz . Bpraw. bm. fizyogr. drakow. 1913. - -1-7. p. 117. ab. czernyi Skala. Arb. Ent. Abt. Landesmus. Brunn. 193b. no. 3.P. 71* — ===== -Toot. 319 p. 1. Herrainia Latreille barbalis Clerck. = pectitalis Hubner leones 1 /59. pi. p. f. 3. . oarnml. Eur. Schmett. 179*9. Pyral. pi. 19 f . 121. aberrational forms etc. barbalis Glerck. typical foim — - the figure in leones shows a light grey insect slightly tinted with pale brown, it is obviously meant to represent the common fond which is nale brownish-gr ey , with three transverse lines . Hubn. pectitalis in Sajml.Sur. Schmett. is of a darker grey but, as so often found , the artist exaggerates in some copies and not in others. In our other copy of Hubner’ s work the insect is much paler so it is quite wrong to base an aberration -al name on any of these old works; Lempke treats pectitalis as an aberration with the ground colour dark grey to dark brown- grey, here it is made a synonym of the type. ab. ciner ea Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90. P. 137* Forewings pure pale grey, without yellowish or brownish tint. ab.signata Lempke. Tij dschr* Ent. (1946) 1940. 90. p. 137* The transverse lines standing out sharply and contrasting. ab.demaculata Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent, (1946) 1949. 90. p. 137* The central spot of the forewing fails, the rest normal. ab. obsoleta Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent. ( 1946 ) 1949. 90. p. 137* .ELI the markings obsolete. Lempke, by the word "obsolete" in English, must mean obsolescent. In the Dutch description he 3 ays the markings "only weakly visible", ab. approximata Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent. (1946) 1949. 90. p. 137. The inner and outer lines of the forewing are close together. In Dutch Lempke says the” first and second lines." ab.anomalalis KLemensiewicz. . Sprav. Kon. :izyogr. tralcow. 1912. 4o,p. 17. Draudt’s description in Seitz says the antsmef ian transverse line is angled outwards, the apex of the angle touching the discoidal lunule. I have not seen the original. , 'Toot. 320. n.l. Laapeyria Gerraar. flexula Schiff. 'ien Ver ;.1775.P. 64. = flexularia Hubner. Sarntnl. Eur. Schmett. 1797“99» Gleoms. pi. 4 f . 19, aberrational forms etc. flexula Schiff. typical form - ground colour li^it grey tinted, with purolish with the margins , especially at apex, reddish-brown; two transverse yellowish stripes! edged on each side with dark grey. ab. ob scura Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent. ( 194$ ) 1949. 90. p. 130. The ground colour of the forewings dark purplish- grey, the hindwings also darkened. ab, grisea Lempke. (girsea in error.). FLjdschr. 3nt. (194b) 1949. 9'0. p. 111. Ground colour of the forewings grey (mostly rather dark) , without reddish or purplir tints. ab. impuncta Lempke, Tijdschr.Snt. (194$) 1949. 90.p. Ipl* Fne two black points in the centre of the forewings absent. ab. signata Lempke. Tij dschr. Ent, {1945 ) 194 . 90.p.l31. Forewings with whitish subteminal line, Formally this is indistinct. ab. albina 7ehrli. Mitt. Ihurg. at. Ges. . 20,p,38. Draudt’s description in Seitz says the forewings are pals yellowish-white with distinct markings. Also the underside is ] it] v r clear 1 dots. e o ° o q <9 «J 9 O . 4 4