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[ From the ANNALS AND Maaazine or Natura History jor
March 1886. |

The Abyssal Decapod Crustacea of the * Albatross \ Dredgings
in the North Ailantic*. By Sipney I. Sirs.

THE most interesting feature of the Crustacea collected by
the ‘ Albatross’ is the great number of very deep-water or
abyssal species of Decapoda obtained in a restricted region of
the western North Atlantic. The whole number of species
of true Decapoda dredged by the ‘ Albatross’ is over 130;
but nearly half of these are from shallow or comparatively
shallow water. None of the shallow-water species were taken
below 1000 fathoms, and it is perhaps best to limit the
abyssal fauna to depths greater than this, although some true
deep-water species are excluded by adopting so great a depth.
Taking this limit strictly we have 44 abyssal species, as
shown in the following :—

* This article is in the main abstracted from the introductory portion
of the author’s “ Report on the Decapod Crustacea of the ‘Albatross’
Dredgings off the East Coast of the United States during the Summer
and Autumn of 1884,” with twenty plates, recently presented to the U.S.
Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, by whose permission it is here pub-
lished in advance of the Government report. ‘The collections made by
the ‘ Albatross’ in the West-Indian region during the winters of 1884
and 1885 are not referred to in this article, which applies exclusively to

the region north of Cape Hatteras; but some of the results of a partial
examination of the collections made in the summer of 1885 are included.

188 Mr. 8. I. Smith on the Abyssal

List of Decapoda taken below 1000 Fathoms in the North
Atlantic by the ‘ Albatross’ in 1883-85, with the Bathy-
metrical Range of each Species.

BRACHYURA.
CANCROIDEA.
faths.
1, Geryon quinquedens, Smith ...... 105 to 1081
DoripporvEa.
2. Ethusina abyssicola, Smith........ 1497 to 2221
ANOMURA.
LirHODOIDEA.
8. Lithodes Agassizii, Sith ........ 410 to 1255
PAGUROIDEA.
4. Parapagurus pilosimanus, Smith.... 250 to 2221
GALATHEOIDEA. |
5. Munidopsis curvirostra, Whiteaves.. 75 to 1290
6. GH, MIO NGS oa566 5000006 1742 to 2620
Us similis, Sth ........0.0000. 1060
8, Bairdiiy Sanvehs severe sere ele 1497 to 1742
9. rostrata (A. M.-Edwards sp.) . 1098 to 1356
MACRURA.
ERYONTIDZ.
10. Pentacheles sculptus, Smuth ...... 250 to 1081
IIL. CHIU AST igh o ca goeooboon 705 to 1917
12, —— debilis, Smith .............. 1290 to 1309
CRANGONIDZ.
13. Pontophilus abyssi, Smith ........ 1917 to 2221
GLYPHOCRANGONIDE.
14. Glyphocrangon sculptus, Sm2th .... 1006 to 1434
15. longirostris, Smith.
ALPHEID&.
16. Bythocaris gracilis, Smith ........ 888 to 1043

17. Heterocarpus oryx, 4. M.-Edwards. 1081

NEMATOCARCINIDZ&.

18. Nematocarcinus ensiferus, Smith .. 6588 to 2083

Decapod Crustacea of the North Atrantic. 189

MIERSIID.
faths,
face *
19, Acanthephyra Agassizii, Smith .... Egat :
20. ——, Sp. ..sesees pomboocdopeono 2069
21. —— microphthalma, Smith ...... 2574 to 2620
22 brevinostris S771 ameter 1395 to 2949
23 LACTIS MONE + «tbr so) sai 2512
DAO ploplonusss pi meric. - epee: 1356
, 25. Notostomus robustus, Smith ...... 1309 to 1555
@/ 26. viscus, SINUET OT ae.) SEY eevee 2949
/ 27. Meningodora mollis, Smith........ 1106 to 1630
"28. Hymenodora glacialis, G. O. Sars.. 2369 to 2949
29 gracilis, Smith...... Seth eter ce . 826 to 2949
PASIPHAIDm,
30. Pasiphaé princeps, Smith ...,.... 444 to 1342
31. Parapasiphaé sulcatifrons, Smith .. 516 to 2949
32. cristata, Smite... Weereas ».... 826 to 1628
33. —— compta, Smith.............. 1537 to 2369
PENAIDZ.
34, Hymenopenzeus microps, Smth.... 906 to 2620 -
35. Aristeus ? tridens, Smzth.......... 843 to 2620
36. Hepomadus tener, Smith.......... 1209 sto 2949)
37. Amalopenzeus elegans, Smith ...... 445 to 2369
38. Benthcecetes Bartletti, Smith...... 578 to 1081
39. Benthonectes filipes, Smith........ 693 to 1045
40. Benthesicymus ? carinatus, Smith .. 1020
41 AMOTALUS STI. seeerecl te) « .. 1537 to 1710
SERGESTID®.
42. Sergestes arcticus, Kroyer ........ 221 to 2516
43 robustus, Smith ......0...6 500 to 2574
44, —— mollis, Smith .....+00..000- 373 to 2949

The following species, though not yet recorded from below
1000 fathoms, might properly enough be added to this list,
as they all undoubtedly extend below the 1000-fathom line :—

faths.
45, Sclerocrangon Agassizii, Smith .... 390 to 959
46, Sabinea princeps, Smith .......... 353 to 888
47. Nematocarcinus cursor, A. M.-Edw. 384 to 838
48. Acanthephyra eximia, Smith ...... 938
49, Ephyrina Benedicti, Smith ...,.. 959

* A small specimen, unquestionably of this species, was taken at the
surface in a hand-net at 10.45 p.m., Aug. 11, 1884, north lat. 39° 35’,
west long. 71° 18’ approximately. The specimen was kept alive for half
an hour, and then placed in alcohol while still alive.

190 Mr. 8. I. Smith on the Abyssal

The first question which arises in discussing the bathyme-
trical habitats of the species in this list is: Which of them
actually inhabited the bottom, or the region near the bottom, at
the depths from which they are recorded, and what depths do
the remaining species inhabit ? That none of them are truly
pelagic surface species may, I think, be taken for granted, for
with the single exception of Acanthephyra Agassizii none of
the free-swimming species have been taken anywhere near
the surface.

The first fifteen species in the list, and 45 and 46 as well,
are unquestionably inhabitants of the bottom, and never swim
any great distance from it. Nos. 16, 17, 18, and 47, though
species which may swim freely for considerable distances from
the bottom, undoubtedly rest upon it a part of the time, the
structure of the pereopods being fitted apparently to do this.

The species of Acanthephyra, Oplophorus, Ephyrina, Noto-
stomus, Meningodora, and Hymenodora, which are very much
alike in the structure of the articular appendages and branchiee ~
and are here grouped together as Miersiide, are among the
most common and characteristic forms taken in trawling at
great depths; and it is perhaps doubtful whether any of them
are, strictly speaking, inhabitants of the bottom. The occur-
rence at the surface of a living and active specimen of Acan-
thephyra Agassizii shows that this species at least is capable
of living at the surface in water of a temperature more than
thirty degrees higher than that of the abyssal depths. Such
facts make it very difficult to draw any conclusions from the
mere finding of specimens of any free-swimming species in
the trawl coming from particular depths, and we are compelled
to resort to the structure of the animal itself for evidence as to
the depth of its habitat. The highly-developed black eyes,
the comparatively small eggs, and the firm integument of
Acanthephyra Agassiz and A. eximia are some evidence,
though perhaps inconclusive, that these species do not nor-
mally inhabit the greatest depths from which the former
species has been recorded; and neither the length nor the
structure of the pereeopods shows special adaptation for resting
on soft oozy bottoms. We are therefore led to conclude
that these two species normally inhabit the upper part of the
vast space between the surface and bottom regions. The
similarity in the structure of the pereeopods in all the species
of the genus except A. gracilis apparently indicates similarity
in habits ; but the imperfectly developed eyes and soft integu-
ment of A. microphthalma and A. brevirostris are evidence
that these species inhabit greater depths than A. Agassiz
and A. eximia, and that they are truly abyssal if not bottom-

Decapod Crustacea of the North Atlantic. 191

inhabiting species, and their absence from the trawl when
coming from moderate depths, as shown in the records of their
capture, helps to confirm this. The small number and great
size of the eges of A. gracilis would seem to indicate an
abyssal habitat for that species also; but the large black
eyes are probable evidence that it does not descend to the
extreme depths inhabited by A. microphthalma.

Their similarity of structure makes it probable that the
species of Oplophorus, Ephyrina, Notostomus, Meningodora,
and Hymenodora are similar in habits to the species of Acan-
thephyra, and the structure of their eyes and integument, and
the small number and great size of the eggs in the species in
which they are known, as well as the records of their capture,
indicate that they are all abyssal or at least deep-water species.

The form of the body and the structure of the perzeopods of
Pasiphaé princeps indicate that, like the other species of the
genus, it 1s a free-swimming species, probably never resting
on the bottom. It is probably neither a truly abyssal nor,
judging from the size of the eggs as well as the records of its
capture, a surface species. ‘he structure of the eyes, the
very small number and great size of the eggs, and the soft
integument of the species of Parapasiphaé, render it probable
that they are really abyssal species, though probably not con-
fined to the immediate region of the bottom.

The eight species of Peneeide in the list are undoubtedly all

free-swimming forms not confined to the immediate region of
the bottom ; but, judging from the relatively small size of the
eyes and the presence of well-developed ocular papille, they
are all deep-water if not abyssal species.

The records of occurrence of the three species of Sergestes
show that they are not confined to abyssal depths. The
relatively small eyes and exceedingly soft integument of 8.
mollis would seem to indicate that it inhabited much greater
depths than the other species; but the records of its capture
afford no additional evidence of this.

We may then divide these species provisionally into the
four following classes :—

I. Species inhabiting the Bottom or tts immediate

Neighbourhood.
Geryon quinquedens. Munidopsis similis.
Ethusina abyssicola. Bairdii.
Lithodes Agassizil. rostrata.
Parapagurus pilosimanus. Pentacheles scupltus.
Munidopsis curvirostra. nanus,

crassa. — debilis.

192 Mr. S. I. Smith on the Abyssal

Sclerocrangon Agassizii.
Pontophilus abyssi.
Sabinea princeps.
Glyphocrangon sculptus.
longirostris,

Bythocaris gracilis,
Heterocarpus oryx.
Nematocarcinus ensiferus,
cursor.

IT. Species probably not confined to the immediate Neigh-
bourhood of the Bottom, but showing structural evidence of
inhabiting Abyssal Depths.

Acanthephyra microphthalma.

brevirostris.
Oplophorus, sp.

, Notostomus robustus.

viscus.

Meningodora mollis.

Hymenodora glacialis.
gracilis.
Parapasiphaé sulcatifrons.
cristata.

—— compta.

III. Doubtful, but probably inhabiting Abyssal Depths.

Acanthephyra gracilis.
Ephyrina Benedicti.
Hymenopenzeus microps.
Aristeus ? tridens,

~ Hepomadus tener.
Amalopeneeus elegans.

Benthcecetes Bartletti.
Benthonectes filipes.
Benthesicymus ? carinatus.
moratus.

Sergestes mollis,

IV. Species probably not inhabiting Abyssal Depths.

Acanthephyra A gassizii.
eximia.

» SP.

Pasiphaé princeps.
Sergestes arcticus,
robustus.

Summing up these lists according to the greatest depths
from which the species are recorded, we have the following :—

Class.

Abyssal.

Below 1000 | Below 2000

faths. faths.

I. From the neighbour-
hood of the bottom 18 5

II. Abyssal, but not con-
fined to the bottom. 11 11 o

III. Doubtful, but probably
AlonisseMl 6 Golbo. s066 11 10 6
IV. Probably not abyssal. . 6 5 4
Motaleerers 49 44 22

The great differences in depth through which some of the
species, unquestionably inhabiting the region of the bottom,

Decapod Crustacea of the North Atlantic. 193

are recorded as ranging is worthy of notice. Of the 18
inhabitants of the neighbourhood of the bottom which are
recorded as taken below 1000 fathoms, 9 have a recorded
range of over 800 fathoms, and one of them, Parapagurus
pilosimanus, of nearly 2000 fathoms. ‘The case of the Para-
pagurus is very remarkable. It was taken at fifteen stations and
in from 250 to 640 fathoms by the ‘ Fish Hawk’ and ‘ Blake’
in 1880-82, and in great abundance at one station in 319
fathoms, where nearly four hundred large specimens were
taken at once. All these earlier specimens were inhabiting
carcineecia of Epizoanthus paguriphilus.

In the ‘ Albatross’ dredgings of 1883-85 it was taken at
twenty-one stations, ranging in depth from 353 to 2221
fathoms ; ‘but at fourteen of these stations, all of which were
below 1500 fathoms, none of the specimens were associated
with the same species of Hpizoanthus, some of them being in
Epizoanthus abyssorum, others in naked gastropod shells, and
others still in an actinian polyp, apparently the Urticina
consors, Verrill, which often serves for the carcincecium of
Sympagurus pictus from 164 to 264 fathoms.

The large size of many of the species is very remarkable,
but no more so than the apparent absence of all very small
species of Decapoda from the abyssal fauna. Of the forty-
nine species enumerated above, not one can be considered small
for the group to which it belongs, while more than a dozen
of them are very large. Geryon quinquedens is one of the
largest Brachyurans known, the carapace in some specimens
being 5 inches long and 6 broad; specimens of the great spiny
Lithodes Agassizii measure 7 inches in length and 6 in breadth
of carapace, and the outstretched legs over 3 feet in extent;
Munidopsis crassa, Bairdit, and rostrata are the three largest
known species of Galatheidee; Sabinea princeps reaches over
5 inches in length, and is probably the largest known Cran-
gonid, though its size is very nearly equalled by the species
of Glyphocrangon; Notostomus robustus is often 6 inches in
length and very stout; Pasiphaé princeps attains a length of
nearly 3 inches, and is a giant in the family to which it
belongs; Aristeus? tridens equals a foot in length, and is but
little larger than Hepomadus tener; and Sergestes robustus
and mollis are apparently the largest known species of Ser-
gestidee.

The colour of the abyssal Decapoda is very characteristic.
A few species are apparently nearly colourless; but the great
majority are some shade of red or orange, and I have seen no
evidence of any other bright colour. A few species from
between 100 and 300 fathoms are conspicuously marked with

194 Mr. 8. I. Smith on the Abyssal

scarlet or vermilion; but such bright markings were not
noticed in any species from below 1000 fathoms. Below
this depth orange-red of varying intensity is apparently the
most common colour, although in several species, very notably
in Notostomus robustus, the colour is an exceedingly intense
dark crimson.

The structure of the eyes of the abyssal Decapoda is of the
highest interest, and worthy of the most minute and careful
investigation and comparison with the corresponding struc-
tures of shallow-water species. Such an investigation I have
not been able thus far to make; but the importance of the
subject induces me to record the results of a superficial exa-
mination of the external characters of the eyes of most of the
abyssal species from the ‘ Albatross’ collections.

If we exclude from this examination all the species whose
bathymetrical habitat is in any degree doubtful, and examine
the twenty-one species given as inhabiting the immediate
neighbourhood of the bottom, we find that Geryon quinquedens,
Lithodes Agassizii, and Sabinea princeps have normal well-
developed large black eyes, apparently entirely similar to those
of the allied shallow-water species; Sclerocrangon Agassizit,
Bythocaris gracilis, Heterocarpus oryx, Nematocarcinus ensi-
JSerus, and N. cursor have normal black eyes a little smaller
than the allied shallow-water species; Hthusina abyssicola
and Parapagurus pilosimanus have distinctly faceted black
eyes, which, though very much smaller than in most shallow-
water species, are still fully as large and apparently quite as
perfect as in those of some shallow-water species, in which
they are evidently sensitive to ordinary changes of light. The
eyes of the species of Glyphocrangon are very large, with the
faceted surface much larger than in the allied shallow-water
species ; but they are borne on very short stalks with compa-
ratively little mobility, and have dark purple instead of black
pigment; the eyes of Pontophilus abyssi are lighter in
colour than those of the species of Glyphocrangon, but are
faceted and apparently have some of the normal visual
elements ; all the species of Munidopsis and Pentacheles have
peculiarly modified eyes from which the normal visual elements
are apparently wanting. Of these twenty-one abyssal species,
eight are thus seen to have normal black eyes, two have
abnormally small eyes, and three have eyes with purplish or
very light-coloured pigment, while eight have eyes of doubtful
function. If we confine the examination to the five species
taken below 2000 fathoms, we have one with well-developed
black eyes, two with abnormally small black eyes, one with
light-coloured eyes, and one with eyes of doubtful function.

Decapod Crustacea of the North Atlantic. 195

These facts and the comparison of the eyes and the colour
of the abyssal species with the blind and colourless cave-
dwelling Crustaceans certainly indicate some difference in the
conditions as to light in caverns and in the abysses of the
ocean, and make it appear probable, in spite of the objections
of the physicists, that some kind of luminous vibrations do
penetrate to depths exceeding even 2000 fathoms. The fact
that, excluding shallow-water species, there is no definite rela-
tion between the amount of the modification of the eyes and
the depth which the species inhabit, many of the species with
the most highly modified eyes being inhabitants of much less
than 1000 fathoms, might at first be thought antagonistic to
this view. But when we consider how vastly greater the
purity of the water must be in the deep ocean far from land
than in the comparatively shallow waters near the borders of
the continents, and how much more transparent the waters of
the ocean abysses than the surface waters above, we can
readily understand that there may usually be as much light
at 2000 fathoms in mid-ocean as at 500, or even at 200, near a
continental border. These considerations also explain how
the eyes of specimens of species like Parapagurus pilosimanus,
coming from 2220 fathoms, are not perceptibly different from
the eyes of specimens from 250 fathoms.

Although some abyssal species do have well-developed
black eyes, there can be no question that there is a tendency
towards very radical modification or obliteration of the normal
visual organs in species inhabiting deep water. ‘The simplest
and most direct form of this tendency is shown in the gradual
reduction in the number of the visual elements, resulting in
the obsolescence and in some cases in final obliteration of the
eye. ‘The stages of such a process are well represented even
among the adults of living species. ‘The abyssal species with
black eyes referred to in a previous paragraph contain the first
part of such a series, beginning with species like Geryon
guinquedens and Lithodes Agassizii and ending with Kthusina
abyssicola, in which there are only a few visual elements at
the tips of the immobile eyestalks. A still later stage is re-
presented by A. Milne-Edwards’s genus Cymonomus, in which
the eyestalks are immobile spiny rods tapering to obtuse
points, without visual elements or even (according to the
description) a cornea. Cymonomus is not known to be an
abyssal genus, neither of the species having been recorded
from much below 700 fathoms, and is a good example of the
fact already mentioned that many of the species with the most
highly modified eyes are inhabitants of comparatively shallow
water. ‘There are, however, several cases of closely allied

196 Mr. S. I. Smith on the Abyssal

species inhabiting different depths where the eyes of the deeper-
water species are much the smaller; for example: Sympa-
gurus pictus, 164 to 264, and Parapagurus pilosimanus, 250 to
2221 fathoms ; Pontophilus gracilis, 225 to 458, and P. abysst,
1917 to 2221 fathoms ; and Nematocarcinus cursor, 384 to 838,
and N. ensiferus, 588 to 2033 fathoms.

In a large number of deep-water and abyssal species the
ocular pigment is dark purplish, brownish, reddish, light
purplish, hght reddish, or even nearly colourless, while the
number of visual elements may be either very much less or
very much greater than usual. ‘The eyes of the species of
Glyphocrangon and of Lenthonectes are good examples of
highly developed eyes of this class. In many cases the presence
of light-coloured pigment is accompanied with reduction in
the number of visual elements precisely as in black eyes,
Parapasiphaé sulcatifrons, P. cristata, Acanthephyra microph-
thalma, and the species of Hymenodora being good ex-
amples.

In other cases there are apparently radical modifications in
the structural elements of the eye without manifest obsoles-
cence. ‘The large and highly-developed but very short-stalked
eyes of the species of G/yphocrangon, apparently specialized for
use in deep water, probably represent one of the earlier
stages of a transformation which results finally in the oblite-
ration of the visual elements of the normal compound eye and
the substitution of an essentially different sensory structure.
In Pontophilus abysst the transformation has gone further ;
the eyes, though fully as large as in the allied shallow-water
species, are nearly colourless, not very distinctly faceted, and
have probably begun to lose the normal visual elements over
a portion of the surface. In the eyes of several of the species
of Muntdopsis the normal visual elements have entirely dis-
appeared, and there is an expanded transparent cornea backed
by whitish pigment and nervous elements of some kind. I
am well aware that there is as yet no conclusive evidence that
these colourless eyes are anything more than the functionless
remnants of post-embryonic or inherited organs ; but the fact
that in some species they are as large as the normal eyes of
allied shallow-water forms is certainly a strong argument
against this view. In the species of Pentacheles there is
still better evidence that the eyes are not functionless; for,
although they have retreated beneath the front of the cara-
pace, they are still exposed above by the formation of a
deep sinus in the margin, and the ocular lobe itself has thrown
off a process which is exposed in a special sinus in the ventral
margin. It is easy to conceive how these highly modified
eyes of Pentacheles may have been derived trom eyes like those

SS aes et bien

Decapod Crustacea of the North Atlantic. 197

of the species of Glyphocrangon and Pontophilus abyssi through
a stage like the eyes of Calocaris, which are practically
sessile, have lost all of the normal visual elements, and have
only colourless pigment, but still present a large flattened
transparent cornea at the anterior margin of the carapace.

It is interesting to note that the highly modified eyes of
Pentacheles are found in a well-defined group, all the species
of which have probably been inhabitants of deep water
for considerable geological periods; while the equally deep-
water species with less modified or obsolescent eyes are much
more closely allied to shallow-water species, from whose an-
cestors they may have been derived in comparatively recent
times.

The large size and small number of the eggs is a very
marked characteristic of many deep-sea Decapoda. The eggs
are extraordinarily large in several species of Munidopsis,
Glyphocrangon, and Bythocaris, and in Klasmonotus inermis,
Sabinea princeps, and Pasiphaé princeps. But the largest
Crustacean egg which I have seen is that of the little shrimp
Parapasiphaé sulcatifrons, which carries only from fifteen to
twenty eggs, each of which is more than 4 millim. in diameter,
and approximately equal to a hundredth of the bulk of the
animal producing it. My suggestion (Amer. Journ. Sci. xxviii.
p- 56, 1884) that the great size of the eggs in the deep-water
Decapoda was probably accompanied by an abbreviated
metamorphosis within the egg, thus producing young of
large size and in an advanced stage of development, specially
fitting them to live under conditions similar to those envi-
roning the adults, has already been proved true by Prof. G.
O. Sars in the case of Bythocaris leucopis, in which the young
are in a stage essentially like the adult before leaving the ege.

Although the great size of the eggs is highly characteristic
of many deep-water species, it is by no means characteristic
of all; and, as the following Table of measurements shows,
the size of the eggs has no definite relation 1o the bathyme-
trical habitat and is often very different in closely allied
species, even when both are inhabitants of deep water. For
example, the eggs of Acanthephyra gracilis are very large,
while those of A. brevirostris and A. Agassizii are normally
small, and those of Pontophilus abysst are tully as small as
in the comparatively shallow-water species of the genus, and
much smaller than those of many shallow-water species of
Crangonide.

For the purpose of comparing the size of the eggs of deep-
and shallow-water species, measurements of the eggs of a
number of species of Decapoda, and in some cases the number,
or approximate number, carried by an individual, are given in

198

On the Decapod Crustacea of the North Atlantic.

the following Table, in which the bathymetrical habitat is
given approximately in even hundreds of fathoms, habitats of
Jess than one hundred fathoms being indicated by —100; the
diameter is the approximate average of the longer and shorter
diameters, usually of several eggs from two or three indivi-
duals; and the number, or estimated number, of eggs is
for a single individual of medium or large size, or the extremes

of variation in two or more individuals.

Diameter and Number of Decapod Eggs.

Species and Bathymetrical Habitat. Diameter.
BRACHYURA.

fathoms, millim.

Callinectes hastatus .... — 100 0:28

Geryon quinquedens ,,.. 100 to 1100 0:74

ANOMURA.

Latreillia elegans..... .». —100 to 200 0:45

Eupagurus bernhardus ,. —100 0:57

—— politus............ —100 to 600 1-12
Parapagurus pilosimanus. . 300 to 2200 1:2
Munidopsis curvirostra .. 100 to 1800 16
GLASSEN cyole chalice 61 .. 1700 to 2600 35
rostata....... »»+-. 1100 to 1400 o7
Anoplonotus politus .... —100to 200 sea

Macrura.
Pentacheles nanus......
Homarus americanus ....
Crangon vulgaris........

Sclerocrangon Agassizii ..
Pontophilus norvegicus . .
brevirostris........
AUD Y SSN. Chane ieunte tens
Sabinea princeps........
aMShly rset cide
Glyphocrangon sculptus. .
longirostris.2.....
Palzemon forceps ......
Paleemonetes vulgaris
Nematocarcinus ensiferus
CULSOT act eporeruensicvere
Acanthephyra Agassizii. .
brewirostrisheyre cr
Ora cilis Meher nec
Pasiphachtand a. ease.
PEINCEPS yey tees
Parapasiphaé sulcatifrons

700 to 1900
—100
—100

400 to 1000

100 to 600

—100 to 200
1900 to 2200
300 to 900
100 to 200
1000 to 1400
800 to 1100
—100
—100
600 to 2000
400 to 800
— 100 to 3000
1400 to 8000
1600 to 2500

100 to 200

400 to 1400

500 to 3000

HOI SOSOSOMWHNSOHNOHOS

New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. A.,

December 1885.

@ % °

QIN

NASD SMWONNHE AK DY

Cour 6

w AS HID D

Number.

4,500,000
47,000

1,660
2,000
14 to 52

230
26

1250 to 1500
12,000 to 20,000

353

97
86
7000
360
16,000 to 21,000
20,000
5,000

21
94

15 to 19

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9088 00048 5425

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