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BOTANY.

Observations on the Botany op Kerguelen Island. By J. B. Booker, B.E.S.

The history of the botany of Kerguelen Island (also called Kerguelen’s Land, and
Desolation Island), previous to the visit of the Bov. Mr. Eaton, the last and most com-
plete explorer of its flora, is a vei’y brief one. It commences with the visit of Capt.
Cook diu'ing his third voyage, in the narrative of which the vegetation of the island
is thus described by Mr. Anderson, the surgeon of the “ Resolution : ” “ Perhaps no
place hitherto discovered in either hemisphere, under the same parallel of latitude,
“ affords so scanty a field for the naturalist as this barren spot. The verdure which
“ appears, when at a little distance from the shore, would flatter one with the expec-
“ tation of meeting with some herbage ; hut in this we Avcrc much deceived. Eor
“ on landing we discovered that this lively colour was occasioned only by one small
plant, not much unlike some sorts of Saxifrage, Avhich grows in large spi’eading
tufts, to a considerable way up the hills.” Mr. Anderson proceeds then to give
some particulars of this plant {Azorella Selago, Ilk. f.), of the cabbage {Bringlea
antiscorhutica, Br.), of tAvo small plants foimd in boggy places, Avhich AAcre eaten as
salad, one “ almost like garden cress and very fiery ” (probably Ranunculus crassipes,
Hk. f.), the other very mild and “ having not only male and female, but Avhat bota-
“ nists call androgynotis plants ” (? Callitriche). He adds to these a coarse grass
{Boa Cookii, Ilk. f.), and a smaller sort Avhich is rarer (probably Beschampsia
antarctica, Hk.) ; a sort of goose-grass (? Cotula plimiosa, Ilk. f.), and another
small plant much like it (this I do not recognise). “ In short,” he says, “ the whole
“ catalogue of plants does not exceed IG or 18, including some sorts of moss and a
“ beautiful Lichen ” {Neuropogon Taylori, Ilk. f.) “ Avhich grows liigher upon the
“ rocks than the rest of the A'cgetable productions. Kor is there the least appear-
“ ance of a shrub in the whole country.”

The date of Cook’s visit was the summer of 1776, and the sjiecimcns obtained by
Mr. Anderson Avere deposited in Sir Joseph Banks’ Hei'harium, which subsequently
became the propeiTy of the nation, and is preserved in the British Museum. Not
having been poisoned, all the Kerguelen Island plants Averc, when I examined them
in 1843, much injured by insects, and many were entirely destroyed.

From 1776 till 1840, when the Antarctic Expedition under Capt. (afterwards
Admiral Sir James) Ross, anchored in Christmas Harbour, Kerguelen Island is not
known to have been visited by any ship of war, or by the Discovery or Surveying
ships of any nation, though it had become the frequent resort of English and

2

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

American sealers. During the stay of the above-named expedition all the plants
enumerated by Anderson as found by him in mid-summer were refound in mid-
winter, together with many more, amounting to nearly 150, of AAdiich 18 were
flowering plants ; the other large classes being mosses and Ilepaticse 35, Lichens 25,
and Alga) 51. These have all been described in the botany of the voyage (Flora
Antarctica, Part II., 1847).

The next Ausit of naturalists to Kerguelen’s Land was that of the “ Challenger ”
Expedition in January and February 1874, Avhen Mr. Moseley collected mostdiligently,
l)oth in Christmas Ilarhour and on the east coast GO to 70 miles south-east of it.
lie found 23 floAV'ering plants in all, including three European weeds, all annuals
and doubtless imported by sealing parties {Cerastium triviale, T?oa pratensis and
amma), and three species not in the collections of the Antarctic Expedition (tAvo
llanunciili and an Uncinici). lie also procured flowering specimens of the tAAO
endemic genera Vringlea and JLgaUia, and made large accessions to the cryptogamic
flora, esjiecially from the southern localities Ausited. Mr. Moseley had also the good
fortune to land upon Marion Island, 1,650 miles to the west of Kerguelen Island ;
and on Yong Island (of the Ileard group), about 120 miles to the south-east of it,
neither of AA'hich had been previously visited by any naturalists, and in both of
Avhich he found some of the most peculiar of the Kerguelen plants.

Mr. Eaton arriA'cd at Kerguelen Island with the Transit of Venus Expedition
early in October 1874, and left towards the end of February 1875, during AAdiich
time he collected diligcntlv, chieflv at RoA^al Sound, Swains’ Bav, and Ohservatorv
Bay. He obtained nearly all the floAAXTing plants of previous explorers, and added
Axry largely in the Cryptogams, especially to the Algae.

Nearly contemporaneous A\dth Mr. Eaton’s visit Avas that of the American Transit
Expedition, on Avhich Dr. Kidder was the naturalist. He arrived in September 1874
and left in January of the folloAA ing year, haAdng explored some of the same localities
as Mr. Eaton, llis collections, amounting to about 90 species, are described in the
bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, No. 3, issued in 1870 by the Government
Printing Office of 'Washington. The flowering plants and ferns arc revised by Prof.
A. Gray ; the mosses arc described by Thos. P. James ; the Lichens by Prof. E.
Tuckerman, and the Algoe by Dr. W. G. FarloAv. Except amongst the Lichens, there
are very few novelties. Dr. Kidder adds a list of seven plants from the Crozets, all
identical AA'ith Kerguelen Island species.*

The botanical results of the German Transit Expedition to Kerguelen Island are
not yet published.

The three small archipelagos of Kerguelen Island (including the Heard Islands),
Marion and Prince EdAA'ard’s Islands, and the Crozets, are individually and collec-
tively the most barren tracts on the Globe, Avliethcr in their own latitude or in

* lie also mentions “ a small vine with blue flowers growing amongst scoria3,” of which no specimens were
collected. This is probably some endemic plant unknown to botanists.

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.— DR. HOOKER.

3

any liighcr one, except such as lie within the Antarctic Circle itself ; for no land
even Avithin the N. Polar area presents so impoverish (‘d a vegetation.

The chief interest attached to the flora of these archipelagos lies in the indication
it affords of their being, in all prohahility, the remains of a much larger land area,
Avhich, though peopled with plants mainly from the southern extreme of S. America,
4,000 miles to the westward, possessed an endemic flora of its OAvn, which included
forest trees of considerahle dimensions. Before, hoAA’Cvcr, proceeding to discuss the
relationships of their floras, I shall describe that of the largest and the only one that
is at all well known.

As pointed out in the “ Flora Antarctica,” the prcA'alent features of the vegetation
of this island as then known AA^ere Fuegian ; one species of floAvering plant alone, of
those that are not peculiar to the island, being characteristic of any other flora,
namely, the Cohda plmnosa, AAduch is found elscAvlicre only in the Auckland and
Campbell Islands, south of Ncav Zealand. More recent collections have con-
firmed and even strengthened this Fuegian affinity, for of the three additional
flowering plants procured by subsequent explorers, one is Fuegian {llanunculus
trnlUfoUus), another {R. Moseletji) is closely allied to a Fuegian species, and the
third one, JJminia compacta, is a native of the mountains of Ncav Zealand and
Tasmania, and this is so nearly allied to a Fuegian species that it may prove to he a
form of a plant common to all high southern latitudes.

Not only has a further knoAvledge of the Kerguelen Island flora strengthened its
known affinities with the Fuegian, but recent discoveries in the latter flora have done
so too ; some of the Kerguelen’s grasses especially proA'ing to he more closely allied
to Fuegian species than was suspected. The discovery of the flowers of the endemic
Kerguelen genus Lycdlia is another instance of this affinity. In the Flora Antarctica,
judging from the fruit alone, the flowers Ijcing unkuoAvn, this remarkable plant Avas
provisionally placed in Porhdacece, its resemblance in habit and foliage to the
andine genus Rycnopliyllum being indicated. Complete specimens collected by
Moseley prove its close relationship to the latter genus, in juxta-position with
which it had indeed been placed in the Genera Plantarum, where both had been
referred correctly to CaryopliyllecB.

The elements of the Phsenogamic flora of Kerguelen Island may be thus
classified : —

1 Endemic genus, which has no near ally — Rrinylea aniiscorbutica.

1 Endemic genus allied to an Andean one — Lyallia kerguelensis.

6 Endemic species allied to American congeners — Ranuncidus crassipes and
3Ioseleyi, Colobcmtlms kerguelensis, Accena ajjinis, Poa Cookii, Festnea
kerguelensis.

5 species common to Fuegia hut not found elscAvliere : Ramincidus tridlifoUns,
Azorella Selago, Galium antarcticum, Festuca erecta, Deschampsia ant-
arctica.

A 2

V.

4

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

6 species common to America, and also to New Zealand and the islands south of
it. Tillcea DioscJiata, Montia fontana,* Callitriche ohtusangiila* JLbnosella
aquatica* Juncus scheuzerioides, Agrostis Magellanica. (Most of these
are aquatic or marsh plants, and those marked with an asterisk arc also
European, and very widely dispersed.)

2 species found elsewhere hut not in Euegia, Co tula plumosa, common to Lord
Auckland’s group and Camphell’s Island south of New Zealand, and Uncinia
conipacta, a native of the mountains of Tasmania and New Zealand.

This American affinity of the Kerguelen Island flora thus clearly established by
its flowering plants is very strongly manifested hy its Cryptogams, amongst which,
however, the only evidence of migration from South Africa occurs. This is the case
of Polyjjodium vulgare, a widely distributed fern in the north temperate zone, hut
known in the southern only from the Cape Colony, Marion, and Kerguelen Islands ;
what is further curious respecting it is, that the Kerguelen Island individuals are
referable to a variety with pellucid veins, hitherto known only from the SandAvich
Islands.

As to the local grouping of the Kerguelen Island plants, that of the Phoenogams
is not altogether in harmony with the Cryptogams, the former seeming to he hy far
the most ubiquitously dispersed of the two groups.

All the plants hitherto collected have been from two areas, one, Christmas
Harbour, in the extreme north, extending about five miles either way ; the other,
considerably larger, occupies the south-east coast, and following it extends for about
40 miles. The distance between these areas is about GO miles in a N.M^. and S.E.
direction. Of the Phsenogamic plants, 19 were found in the northern area, nearly
every one of which Avas also found in the south-eastern one, AA'here hut two addi-
tional species were collected; whereas of the 150 Cryptogams found in the northern
area, a large proportion were not found in the south-eastern, where, however, nearly
four times the number of species AA^erc obtained. Again, whilst hut one fern was
found in the north, four occur in the south-east. Of 35 Musci and Hepaticce col-
lected at Christmas Harbour hy the Antarctic Expedition, hardly half were found
at S\A’ain’s Bay, Betsy Cove, or Iloyal Sound, which localities yielded about 80
additional species. Nearly 50 marine Algoc were collected at Christmas Harbour, of
Avhich 18 did not occur in the south-eastern coasts, AA'licre upAA'ards of 30 additional
species were obtained. In the case of the Lichens, the discrepancy is still more
marked, hut this is possibly more apparent than real, and is to he attributed in part
to the difficulty of defining the species and recognizing them from descriptions ;
and in part to the difficulties caused hy the irreconcilable aucaa^s of Lichenologists
as to the limits of the species of this order.

Whatever other causes there may he for this anomalous distribution, one, no
doubt, is the nature of the Christmas Harbour area. This is almost occupied by
transverse valleys that run east and Avest completely across the north lip of the

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND— DR. HOOKER.

island, from sea to sea, are bounded by hills 1,200 feet high, and are perennially
swept by terrific blasts from the westward. There arc, hence, no shelter on land for
the terrestrial flora, and no quiet bays for the proper development of a varied marine
vegetation ; facts which may very well account for the paucity of Cryptogams in
Christmas Harbour, but not for the presence there of nearly all the flowering plants
of the island. Turning again to the south-eastern area, its more sheltered valleys
and land-locked harbours favour not only a greater development of Cryptogams,
but also a far greater luxuriance of the Phycnogams than obtains in Christmas
Harbour ; which last fact renders the absence of additional species of Phsenogams to
the south-eastward all the more remarkable.

The question remains, granting that the great majority of the Phsenogams of
Kerguelen Island are derived from South America, how was their transport effected ?
Though this question cannot be satisfactorily answered by a reference to the facilities
for distant transport possessed by the fruiting organs of the Kerguelen Island plants,
it is only proper to refer to these organs in some detail. Obviously, regarding the
whole flora, the plants with the most minute seeds or spores and the water-plants
are the most widely distributed. Under these categories come — 1. The P’ungi, of
which all but 2 of the 8 species found arc widely disjiersed over the globe.
2. The marine Algte, of which only 8 out of the 71 arc peculiar to the island. 3. The
fresh water Algae, of which 28 out of 80 are regarded as endemic. 4. The aquatic
and marsh Phaenogams, 8 in all, of which C are widely dispersed.

Of the Phaenogams, whether aquatic, marsh, or terrestial, none have appliances
for wide dispersion except the hooked style of the Itaiiuncuhis, the reversed barbs of
the Accena (a most powerful aid), and the hooked organ attached to the fruit of
Uncinia, also a very adequate aid. None of the others have any aid to dispersion,
though they have small seeds or fruits.

Turning to the natural agents of dispersion, winds arc no doubt the most powerful,
and sufficient to account for the transport of the Cryptogamic spores ; these, almost
throughout the year, blow from Puegia to Kerguelen Island, and in the oj)posite
direction only for very short periods, but appear quite insufficient to transport seeds
over 4,000 miles. Oceanic currents have, doubtless, brought the marine Algae ; but
the transport of the seeds of the freshwater plants, of the grasses, and of the two
plants with hooked and barbed appendages to the fruit, is not apparent in the case
of a country that has no laud birds but an endemic one (the Chionis), and of which
the water birds come to land only or chiefly at the breeding season, and this after long
periods of oceanic life in a most tempestuous ocean. Even supposing that the sea
birds Ahich habitually breed in Kerguelen Island did visit Euegia between the periods
of incubation, it is difficult to imagine that any seeds that had adhered to their
beaks, feet, or bodies on leaving the latter country would not have been removed by
the buifets of winds and waves over upwards of 4,000 miles of ocean.

The supposition that more land formerly existed along the parallels between

0

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Fuegia and Kerguelen Island, possibly in tlie form of islands, remains as the forlorn
hope of tlie botanical geographer. By such stepping stones the land birds, so
numei’ous in the Falkland Islands (which lie in the direction of such hypothetical
islands), and of Avhicli the vegetation is identical with that of colder South America,
might, favoured by the prevalent westerly gales, have passed from thence to Ker-
guelen Island, having adhering to them fruits and seeds. The absence of such
birds from the present Avi-fauna of Kerguelen Island offers no obstacle to such a
speculation, as such immigrants would on arrival speedily be destroyed by the pre-
datory gull and petrels of the island.

Various phenomena, of very dilferent relative value and nature, but common to
the three archipelagos, Kerguelen, the Crozets, and Marion, favour the supposition of
these all having been peopled with land plants from South America by means of
intermediate tracts of laud that have now disappeared ; in other words, that these
islands constitute the wrecks of either an ancient continent or an archipelago
which formerly extended further westwards, and that their present vegetation con-
sists of the waifs and strays of a mainly Fuegian flora, together with a tcAV survivals
of an endemic one.

The extreme southern point of South America, from lat. 52-51° and long. 70° IV.
comprising Fuegia, is deflected to the eastward. Following its general direction, the
Falkland Islands group is the first land met Avith (in long. 60° W.) ; its vegetation is
coinjiaratively rich and exclusively Fuegian ; it has, no doubt, been brought mainly
by the land and freshwater birds Avhich abound tbere, and are identical with
Fuegian ones. South Georgia is the next laud met Avith to the eastAAnrd, in long.
35° W. and 51° S. ; of its vegetation nothing is known except for the scanty obser-
vations recorded in Cook’s voyage, Avhich indicate its botanical identity with the
Fuegia.

Of Bouvet Island, the assumed position of which is long. 5° E. and 51° S., nothing
is knoAvn ; it was searched for in vain by the Antarctic Expedition in 1813. Marion
Island is 37° E. and 4'6° S., and the Crozets, in 48° E. and 47° S., are respectively about
1,650 and 1,200 miles Avest of Kerguelen Island, and there is no land intermediate
between them. Noav, from such specimens as have been obtained of the vegetation
of the first of these Islands by Mr. Moseley,* it appears to be almost identical
with that of Kerguelen Island ; that is, to be Fuegian Avith tbe addition of some of
the peculiar Kerguelen Island types,-!- and the same remark applies to tlie Crozets, J
facts from which Mr. Moseley has draAvn identically the same conclusions as those
to Avhich I had arrived thirty-five years previously from a consideration of the Ker-
guelen Island flora alone. He says, speaking of Marion Island (Linn. Journ. XV.,

* Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV., 387 and XV., 484.

t Marion Island contains several Fuegian species not hitherto found in Kerguelen Island, namely,
Ranunculus biternatus, I[ymeiioj>hi/llu)n tunhridyeme, and probably a Hierochloe (the scented grass
mentioned by Moseley), together with a Cape fern Aspidium mokrioides and an Asplenium.

§ See Kidder in Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 3, p. 31.

BOTA>'Y OF KERGUELEN ISLAND— DR. HOOKER.

7

485), “ tlie occurrence of Pringlea on the island, as also on the Crozets and Kerguelen
“ Island, point to an ancient land connection between these islands, which the
“ antiquity and extent of denudation of the lavas would appear to hear out. It is
“ difficult to see how sueh seeds as those of Pringlea could have been transported
“ from one island to another by birds ; and the seeds seem to he remarkably
“ perishable; besides the distinctness of the genus points to a former wide extension
“ of land on which its progenitors became developed. The existenee of fossil tree
“ trunks in the Crozets and Kerguelen Island points to similar conditions.

In the Elora Antarctica, I say, p. 220, referring to the time required for the
formation of the innumerable superimposed beds of volcanie rocks, as observed by
me in Kerguelen’s Land, and for the growths and destruetions of successive forest
vegetations that once clothed the island, and are now imbedded in strata at great
depths, that this time is sufficient “ for the destruction of a large body of land
“ to the northward of it, of which St. Paul’s and Amsterdam Island may be tlie
“ only remains; or for the subsidence of a chain of mountains running east and
“ west, of which Prince Edward’s Island, IMarion, and the Crozets, are the exposed
“ peaks.” And, at p. 210, when discussing the structural peculiarities of the
Pringlea, I say, “ Ilowever loth wo may be to concede to any of our vegetable pro-
“ ductions an antiquity greater than another, or to this island (Kerguelen) a posi-
“ tion to other lands wholly different from that it now presents, the most casual
“ inspection of the land whore this plant now grows will force one of the two
“ following conelusions upon the mind, either that it w^as created after the extinc-
“ tion of the now buried and for ever lost vegetation, or that it spread over the
“ island from another and neighbouring region, where it was undisturl)ed during
“ the devastation of this, hut of whose existence no indication remains.”*

It remains to indicate the faint traces of relationship wdiich the Kerguelen Island
vegetation presents with those of a few other spots of land in a lower latitude, and
that might be supposed to share some of its peculiarities. Of these the nearest are
Amsterdam and St. Paul’s Islands, the names of which arc often transposed in our
best maps (even in the Admiralty South. Polar Chart of 1839). They lie about 800

* These ideas, suggesting the hypotliesis that the existing distribution of plants is dependent on former
geographiciil relations of land and sea, suggested themselves to me during my visit to Kerguelen Island in
1840. The first attempt to apply similar views in extenso to the conditions of a botanically well-known
country w!is in the late Rrofessor Edward Forbes’ paper “on the distribution of endemic plants, more espe-
“ daily those of the British Islands, considered with regard to geological changes.” “ Brit. Assoc. Reports
“ for 1845.” It had, however, been previously cnuneia'ted l>y Lyell, who thus accounted for the identity of
the Sicilian animals and plants with those of the surrounding Mediterranean shores.

He supposes these to have “migrated from pre existing lands, just as the plants .and animals of the
“ Phloegrean fields have colonised Monte Nuovo since that mountain was thrown up in the 16th centurv,”
and further on he says, “we arc brought therefore to .admit the curious result, th.at the flora and fauna of
“ theVal di Noto, and some other mountain regions of Sicily, are of higher antiquity than the country
“ itself, having not only flourished before the lands were raised from the deep, but even before they were
“ deposited beneath the waters.” Principles of Geology, Ed. v. iii., p. 444, &c.

8

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

miles to the X.E. of Kerguelen Island, in 78° E. long. ; the northernmost, Amsterdam
Island, is nearly on the 38th and St. Paul’s on the 39th parallel of latitude, so they
both are very little south of the latitude of the Cape of Good Hope.

I have brought together, in a paper published in the Journal of the Linnsean
Society (vol. xiv. p. 474), all the little that was then known of the flora of these
islands, which, like Kerguelen, are volcanic.

Their scanty vegetation is on the whole more temperate than antarctic, and
approximates to that of S. Africa in containing such genera as Fhylica, Spartina,
and Dantlionia. Then’ fern flora is very interesting ; one fern only is common to
Kerguelen [Lomcu'ia alpina), one {Neplirodium antarcticum) is peculiar, though
allied to a Mauritian species, and two others {Hlechnum australe and Asp>lenium
furcatum) are natives of the Cape and other countries ; hut what is most singular
is, that neither the Folypodium vulgare nov Aspidiuni mohrioides have been found in
either island, though the former is common to the Cape, ]\Iarion Island, and Ker-
guelen’s Land, and the latter to the two first of these localities.

Tristan d’Acunha, in 12° IV. long, and 37° S. lat., and the adjacent islets called
Nightingale and Inaccessible, all nearly in the latitude of Amsterdam Island and
the Cape of Good Hope, are the only other islands whose vegetation demands a
passing notice here.* Their flora is essentially Enegian, with an admixture of Cape
genera, hut with none of those characteristics of Kerguelen Island. Of Cape types,
it contains a Pelargonium and an abundance of both the Phylica and Spartina of
Amsterdam Island, together with species of Oxalis and Hydrocohjle. The Euegian
and Ealkland Island plants of Tristan d’Acunha and its islets, Avhich have not hitherto
been found in the islands south and east of them, are howcA'er more numerous than
arc the Cape genera even, and include Cardamine Ursula, Nertera depressa, Empe-
trum nigrum, var. ruhrum, Lagenopliora Commersoniana, and Apium australe; and
it contains besides the strictly American genus Chevreidia. Two land birds, both
peculiar, are common in the Tristan group, and they possess a water hen, which has
a representative in Africa and S. America. I am not aware whether land birds
are found in Amsterdam Island ; if so, they may help to account for the wonderful
fact of the Tristan d’Acunha Phylica and Spartina being found also in it, though
separated by 3,000 miles of ocean.

In conclusion, I have to state that no trace of the mountain flora of S. Africa
has been found in any of the southern groups of islands.

* For the latest account of this group see Moseley in Journ. Linn. Soe. XIV., 377.

FLOWERING FLANTS. — DR. HOOKER.

9

Enumeration of the
THE “ Antarctic,

Plants hitherto collected in Kerguelen Island by
” “ Challenger,” and “ British Transit of Venus ”

Expeditions.

I. — Floiceri»g Vlants, Ferns, Tjycopodiacece, and Churacece.

By J. B. Hooker, P.B.S.

1. Ranunculus crassipes, llook.f. Fl. Antarci. 221, t. 81.

Christmas Harbour, Observatory and Swain’s Bay, Iloyal Sound (a fonn witli
petioles 5-7 inches long).

I have nothing to add to what I have said of this species in the Antarctic Elora,
beyond that I can hardly doubt its being a derivative form of the Euegian It. biter-
natus, Sm., with which it agrees in habit and its tliick-wallcd beaked carpels, but
differs chiefly in its robustness and simple leaves. It. biternatas has been found by
IMoseley in Marion Island, ivliere it presents every character of the American plant.

2. Ranunculus trullifolius, llook.f. Fl. Antarct. 220, t. 82 A.

In streamlets and lakes, Iloyal Sound, Swain’s Bay, Betsy Cove ; Moseley,
Eaton, Kidder. (Euegia and the Ealkhmds).

Glabcrrimus, caulibus prostratis radicantibus. Folia longe crasse pefiolata, obovato-
oblonga trulliformia v. fere oibicularia, apicc obtuse 3-5-dentata v. lobata, carno-
sula, nervis obscuris ; auriculis pctiolaribus mcmbranaco-dilatatis. Flores ad nodes
solitarii, brevissime pedicellati. Sepala 3, orbicularia, concava, membranacea. Ee-
iala 3, sepalis sequilonga, obovato-oblonga v. spatbulata, 3-nervia, nervo medio
medium versus fossa nectarifera instructo. Stamina pauca. Carpella numcrosa ;
matura cuneiformia, compressa, dorso incrassata, stylo gracili subulato.

I described this species in the Elora Antarctica from very imperfect specimens
gathered by myself in the Ealklands in mid-winter, along ivith the very similar It.
hydrophilus, Gaud., and from a careful examination of the remains of the only flower
found, which resembled in petals, sepals, and stamens those of its neighbour, I
supposed it to be closely allied to it. Good specimens gathered by Cunningham in
the Straits of Magalhaens, and by Eaton in Kerguelen, prove that it belongs to another
section of the genus, differing from It. hydrophilus in the usually trimerous perianth
and the long style of the flattened ripe carpels. It. trullifolius is, in fact, referable
to St. Hilaire’s genus Casalia (now reduced to Itanunculus) , and its nearest ally is
R. bonariensis, Poiret (B. Kunthii Trian. and Flanch.), which differs by its ovate
crenate leaves, long-peduncled flowers, and absence of style in the ripe carpels.
R. hydrophilus, again, is probably a form of R. adscendens, St. Hil. (iC humilis,

10

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Collie, in Ilook. Eot. Beccli. Voy. p. 4, t. ii.), which has similar minute subglobose
rijic carpels without a style.

It. nionanthos, Philippi of Chili, and It. hemignostus Stcud. of Peru, are probably
forms of It. trullifoUus, which, as our figure show’s, is a very variable plant in foliage
and structure.

The Ranunculus, sp. 3, not in flower, of Kidder (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 21),
of which Gray says it can hardly be a form of tniUifolius, no doubt is this, if, as I
apprehend, the term caudate as applied to the leaves is a misprint for cordate.

Plate I., Pigs. 1-5. — Plants in different states; of natural size ; 6, 7, reduced
leaves and stipules ; 8, sepal ; 9, petal ; 10 and 11, stamen ; 12, immature, and
13, mature carpels : — all enlarged.

3. Ranunculus Moseleyi, iZooA'. pusillus, glaberrimus, acaulis, foliis
radicalibus, petiolo in laminam obovatain v. oblongam integerrimani dilatato,
floribus solitariis pedunculatis minutis 3-4-nieris, petalis lineari-obovatis obtusis
eglandulosis, staminibus 4-7, carpellis 10-12 maturis oblique subglobosis in stylum
brevem gracilem abruptc attenuatis. — Banunculus an nov. sp. ; Oliver, in Journ.
Linn. Soc. XIV., 389.

In the lake at Christmas Harbour, Moseley.

A very diminutive species, resembling in size and habit R. Umoselloides, Mnell,
of Australia, but differing in the carpels, &c. In the latter respect it more nearly
a])proaches R. erassipes, from wdiich it differs in all other respects. Its allies are,
no doubt, to be found amongst the S. American water-loving species.

Plate II., Pig. 1 — 1 and 2, plants of natural size ; 3, leaf ; 4, flower ; 5, sepal ;
0, petal; 7, stamen; 8, immature; and 9, mature carpel: — all enlarged.

4. Pringlea antiscorbutica, Rr. MSS. ; Fl. Antarct. 238, t. 90, 91 ;
Kidder in Lull. I. S. Nat. Mus., No. 321 ; Oliver in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV., 389;
Ihjer in Rroc. Linn. Soc. 1874, xxxiv. ; ILooh.f. 1. c.

Throughout tlie island. — (Marion, Crozets, and Heard Islands).

Sepala lineari-oblonga, obtusa, membranacea, pilosa. Retala 0 in exeinplaribus
])erplurimis a nobis scrutatis, in jjaucis 1-4, unguiculata, apicc roseo-tincta,
inconspicua, caduca. Stamina 6, suboequalia, filameutis elongatis complanatis,
4 longioribus per paria sepalis anticis posticisque opposita ; antherm magnm, lineari-
oblongic, vircscentes ; pollen sphericum. Disci glanduloe 0 v. valde inconspicua).
Ovarium oblongum, hirsntum, 2-locnlare, carpellis latcralibus ; stylus brevis, validus,
glaber, stigmate capitato obscure 2-lobo dense villoso.

In the Proceedings of the Linnacan Society 1874, p. xxxiv, I have indicated the
evidence of Fringlea being a wdnd-fcrtilizcd member of a natural order most or all
the species of wliich are insect-fertilized. These indications are the usual absence
of petals and disk-glands, the exserted anthers and long-tufted papillm of the stigma,
to wdiich is to be added the absence of winged insects in Kerguelen Island. In
reference to the last statement, it is a curious fact that wingless flics abound in the

FLOWERING PLANTS.— DR. HOOKER.

11

island, and on this very plant. Moseley, Journ. Linn. Soe. xv., 54, in his notes on
Kerguelen botany, mentions an apterous fly as big as a blow-fly, nestling at the base
of the leaves of Tr'mglea and laying its eggs in the fluid which is caught there ;
every cabbage yielding ten or a dozen specimens. He adds that be did not observe
whether it climbs to the inflorescence in sunny weather.

Mr. A. W. Bennett, Proc. Linn. Soc. 1874, xxxix., has described the pollen
of Fringlea as differing from that of nearly all otbcr Crucifers in being much smaller
and perfectly spherical, instead of ellipsoid with three furrows. This he considers
to be a striking confirmation of my suggestion that the plant is wind-fertilized, and
which is further confirmed by the total absence of hairs on the style.

^loseley found one plant with 28 flower-stalks, three of the one season growth,
the others appearing to belong to eight preceding seasons.

It is a remarkable fact that all attempts to grow this plant in England, Scotland,
and Ireland have failed ; the young plants, after attaining a height of a few inches
and a good crown of leaves, have invariably succumbed to the (!omhined cfL'cts of
summer’s heat, and the attacks of the common parasite fungus, Cgstopus candidm,
which infests the Capsella Bursa-pastoris. Some few, out of many hundreds,
sown at different seasons and iinder very varied conditions, survived one Avinter, but
perished in the following summer.

Plate II., Pig. 3. — 1, 2, 3, apetalous floAvers ; 1, monopetalous, and 5, tripetal-
ous flowers ; (5, petal ; 7, OAnry ; 8, the same laid open ; 9, OAUile : — all enlarged.

5. Colobanthus kerguelensis, Rook.f. Fi. Antarct. 249, t. 92.

Christmas Harbour, Swain's Bay, &c. (Heard Island, Moseleg.)

{Stellaria tnedia L.)

Introduced by scalers.

{Cerastium iriviale, Link.)

Introduced by sealers.

G. Lyallia kerguelensis, Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 548, t. 122 ; Kidder in
Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 3., 22. Oliver in Journ. Linn. Soc. hr. 390. Dyer
in Broc. Linn. Soc. 1874, xxxiv.

Christmas Harbour and lloval Sound.

The floAvers have been described from Kidder’s specimens by Asa Gray, and from
^loseley’s by 01i\'er and Dyer, the descriptions agreeing aatII. The stamens, which
appear to be almost constantly three and bypogynous, are stated by Oliver to be
Anriable in position. Kidder retains it in Fortulacece, but Bentham and I had long
previously placed it in Caryopliylleoe in the Genera Plantarum and next to Fy-
cnorjhyllum, a position A\diich the discoA'crv of the floAvers confirms. It has man\’ of
the characters of Colobanthus, especially the androccium.

Pl.ate II., Pig. 2. — 1, plant, of natural size ; 2, leaves; 3, flower and bract;
4, flower laid open ; 5, stamen : — all enlarged.

12

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

7. Montia fontana, L.

Common in wet places. (Marion Island, Moseley, and widely distributed in the
N. and S. temperate regions).

8. Acsena affinis, llooh.f Fl. Antarct. 2G8, t. 9G B.

Common throughout the island. (Marion and the Crozet Islands).

Called Kerguelen’s tea, and used as a febrifuge by whalers (Kidder).

Unlike the Frmglea and Cotula, this plant has grown and flowered at Kew
from roots sent by Moseley.

9. Callitriche verna, L. ; Suhsp. ohlusangula. C. ohtusangula, Le Gall. ;
llegelm. Monog. Galt. Callit. 54. C. antarctica, Engelm. ex Regelm. 1. c. ; Kidder in
Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 3, 23. C. verna, Ilook.f. Fl. Antarct. 272.

Common in wet places. (Marion and Heard Islands, Moseley, and widely dis-
tributed in the K. and S. temperate regions).

Brom a drawing of the ripe fruit which I made when in Kerguelen in 1840, I
have no hesitation in referring this to Subspecies ohtusangula, as llegelmeyer did
from his examination of my dried specimens. The fruit lobes are nearly semi-circular,
and each pair is united by about two thirds of their faces. The free portions are
obtusely trigonous at the back. Two forms are common in Kerguelen, as. elsewhere
in the south temperate zone, one aquatic with long stem and proportionally large
spathulate leaves, the other smaller, terrestrial, suberect, with obovate or oblong
leaves ; this flowers the most abundantly.

10. Tillsea moschata, B. C. Bulliarda moschata, JD’ Urv.

Abundant in moist places near the sea. (Marion Island, Moseley, Crozets,
Kidder ; widely spread in high southern latitudes).

11. Azoreila Selago, ilook.f. Fl. Antarct. 284, t. 99.

Very abundant throughout the island. (Marion and Heard Islands, IMoseley ;
Crozets, Kidder ; Buegia ; Mac Quarrie Island.)

Kidder remarks that the flowers are gi’ecnish yellow, not pale pink as I found
them to be in winter. Also, that the leaves have not the bristles on the faces of
the lobes as figured in the Blora Antarctica. I find them on specimens from all
localities.

Moseley observes, in reference to this plant at Marion Island, that the mounds it
forms evidently retain and store up a considerable amount of sun’s heat, and that
this fact probably explains its peculiar mode and form of growth, and that of many
otherwise widely different Antarctic plants. He found that a thermometer plunged
into the heart of a hummock rose to 50°, when the temperature of the air was 45°.

12. Galium antarcticum, llookf. Fl. Antarct. 303 bis.

Common, but not found at Christmas Harbour. (Crozets, Kidder ; Buegia and
Balkland Islands.)

Kidder remarks that the flowers are distinctly pedicclled, and as often 4- as 3-
inerous, and even 5-merous ones occur. Eaton’s specimens confirm this.

FLOWERING PLANTS. — DR. HOOKER.

13

13. Cotula (Leptinella) plumosa, Ilooic.f. Fl. Antarct. 26 and 308, t. 20.

On cliffs, especially near the sea, often foi’ming immense luxuriant hlue-green

})atches Avherc the soil is enriched hy the dung of birds and seals. (Crozets, Kidder ;
Lord Auckland, Campbell’s, and Mac Quarrie Islands.)

Reputed by tlie Avhalers to be a prompt and effectual emetic. Through a typo-
graphical omission of the word not at p. 308 of the Antarctic Rlora, this jilant is
stated to be found on the continent of Ameidca. The genus Leptinella is reduced
to a Cotula in the Genera Plantarum. This plant, like the Frimjlea, proved so
impatient of heat in tins country, that of innumerable seedlings raised at Kew to
several inches high all perished.

14. Limosella aquatica, L.

Common in the freshwater lagoon at Christmas Harbour. (Fuegia and all
temperate regions.)

A very small form, with the leaf -blade hardly broader than the petiole. Stamens
included. Ooarij globose ; style rather long.

15. Juncus SCh.euzerioid.es, Gaud.; Uook.f. Flor. Antarct., 79, 358.

Common in spongy places. (Fuegia, the Falkland, Lord Auckland, and Camj)-

bcll’s Islands.)

16. Uncinia compacta, Br.; Boott in Hook. f. Fl. Tasman, ii. 103, t.
153 B.

Royal Sound and Observatory Bay, Moseley, Eaton. (Mountains of Tasmania
and New Zealand.)

17. Deschampsia antarctica, Rook. Ic. Fl. t. 150 (Aira) ; Rook. f. Fl.
Antarct. 377, t. 133.

Common and ascending to considerable altitudes. (Fuegia, Falkland Islands,
South Shetlands.)

A true Deschampsia, as- that genus is now defined, by its 4-toothcd flowering
glume and free caryopsis, Munro.

18. Agrostis magellanica, Lamk.; Rook.f. Fl. Antarct. 373. A. antarc-
tica, ibid. 373, t. 132. A multicaulis, ibid. 95.

Common throughout the island. (Marion and Heard Islands, ; Chili,

Fuegia, Falkland, and Campbell’s Islands.)

Since the publication of this plant as A. antarctica, I have examined a specimen
of Lamarck’s A. magellanica named by Nees in Arnott’s Herbarium, and find it to
be identical. Further, Munro informs me that it is fairly described by Trinius in his
“ Agrostideae,” and by Kunth in his supplemental volume (p. 175) from a Lamarckiau
specimen ; he adds that the Kerguelen specimens agree Avith these descriptions, except
in the flowering glume being larger and much longer than the OA-ary. This glume
is sometimes obtuse or rounded, at others deeply divided. The beard on the callus,
which is very indistinct on the Kerguelen’s plant, is conspicuous on some Fuegian
ones.

14

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

19. Poa Cookii, Sook.f.; Fl. Aniarct. 382, t. 139 (Festuca),

Forma 1. ; foliis culmum superantibiis, panicula elongata interrupta.

Forma 2. ; foliis culmum superantibus v. mquantibus acuminatis pungentibus,
panicula densa sub-cylindracea.

Forma 3. ; foliis cmlmum sequantibus subacutis v. obtusis, 2 >anicula minore
la.viore, spiculis paucifloris coloratis.

Abundant and ascending to a considerable height : — Forma 1. Christmas Har-
bour ; Forma 3. E-oyal Sound, on a high hill, Eaton. (Marion and Heard Islands,
Moseley ) .

This fine grass should, unquestionably, he referred to Poa (as now defined by the
compressed flowering glume, &c.), along with its near congener Eactylis ccespitoso *
of Fuegia and the Falklands, from which it dilTers, amongst other characters, in never
forming tussocks. It is scarcely specifically distinct from P. foUosa, Hook, f . Hand-
book of N. Z. Flora 338 (Festuca foliosa, FL Aniarct. i. 99, t. 55 ; Fl. Nov. Zeald.
i. 308) ; and this, again, from the Fuegian Poa lanigera, Nees (Festuca fuegiana, Fl.
Antarct. 380). The flowering glumes are often obscurely, or not at all toothed. The
spikelets are 3-5-flowcred and in. long (not eight lines as misprinted for three
lines in the Antarctic Flora). A. Gray remarks of Kidder’s specimens that they
seem to be male only.

Poa pi'atensis, L.

Introduced by sealers.

Poa annua, L.

Introduced by scalers.

20. Festuca erecta, E' Erv.

Common and ascending to a considerable elevation. (Fuegia and the Falkland
Islands.)

Often forming tussocks ; jianicles green or purplish.

21. Festuca kerguelensis, Eook. f. Triodia kerguelensis, Fl. Antarct.
379, t. 138 {Poa).

Common and ascending to 2,000 feet.

Spikelets sometimes 1-flowcrcd. A very variable grass in stature, evidently
allied to F. erecta, and more nearly still to F. scoparia (Fl. Antarct. 98 ; Fl. Kov.
Zeald. i. 308), of which possibly it is a dwarf form, as suggested in the Handbook
of the New Zealand Flora, p. 341. The naked base of the flowering glume, however,
will always distinguish all the specimens I have examined.

Filices.

1. Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh.

Crevices of rocks near the hill-tops, Eoyal Sound, Kidder, Eaton. (Fuegia,
Falklands, and N. and S. temperate regions generally.)

* The name Voa ctespitosa being occupied by Forster, tbough it is doubtful to -wliat species it applies, I
propose that o'ljiabdlata for the Tussock grass, 'n hich is the Festuca fhibelkita, Lamk.

15

FILICES, LYCOPODIACEiE, CHARACE^. — DR. HOOKER.

2. Lomaria alpina, Spreng.

Common, often forming largo beds, but not found at Christmas Harbour.

(Marion Island, Moseley ; Crozets, Kidder ; all the colder S. temperate regions.)

3. Polypodium (Grammitis) australe, Melt.

Crevices of rocks. Observatory Bay, Kidder, Eaton. (Marion Island, ^Moseley ;
Fuegia, and all the colder S. temperate regions.)

-1. Polypodium vulgare, L. var. Eatoni, Baker, venis pellucidis.

Crevices of rocks l)y running streams. Observatory Bay, Kidder, Eaton. (Marion
Island, Moseley ; S. Africa ; Sandwich Islands, and N. temperate hemisphere.)

This pcllucid-ncrved variety only occurs elsewhere in the Sandwich Islands.

Lgcopodiacece.

5. Lycopodum clavatum, L., var. magcllanicum ; Kook. f. Ft. Antoret.,
113. L. magellanicum, Swartz.

Not uncommon throughout the island, but not met with at Christmas Harbour.
(Var. magellanicum, Marion Island, Moseley ; Fuegia, and all the colder S. tempera t(5
iH'gions. The typical L. clavatum inhabits all northern cold damp climates.

(5. Lycopodium Selago, L. var. Saururus, Rook. f. FI. Antarct. 391.
L. Saururus, Lamk.

Not uncommon throughout the island. (Var. Saururus, Marion Island, Moseleg ;
Tristan d’Acunha, St. Helena, Bourbon, Peru. The typical form inhabits all dani))
cold climates.)

Characece.

7. Nitella antarctica, Braun. N. Hookeri, Beinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XV. 219. Chara flexilis, Linn; FI. Antarct. 395.

In the Lake at Christmas Harbour; and in that next but one to the Observatory,
in Observatory Bay, Eaton.

16

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

II. — Musci.

By William Mitten, A.L.S.

Tlic first investigation of the mosses of Kerguelen vas made by Dr. J. D.
Hooker during the voyage of tlie “ Erebus ” and “ Terror ” in the winter of 1810'.

From the collections made by him there were described 31 species and vai’ieties,
which were arranged as 25 species in 11 genera. Of the whole number six species
were considered to be new and undcscribed, and the remainder to have been found
in other regions. The most remarkable species contained in this collection are the
ScJiistidium marginatum, IVeissia stricta, and TF". tortifolia.

During the visit of the Challenger, there were collected by Mr. Moseley, in the
summer of 1874, 28 species, of which number 20 were additional to those discovered
by Dr. Hooker. Sufficient materials were obtained to establish the presence of
eight more genera, all previously known to occur in austral lands, four of the
siiecies appearing to be new. Twenty-eight species were obtained by Dr. Kidder of
the American Transit Expedition, of Avhich number 12 were additions to the Flora,
two being described as new. Following the above come the collections made by the
liev. A. E. Eaton, pending the observations of the transit of Venus, ivliich include
38 species, of which 17 were additional to the Flora of Kerguelen Island, three
being undcscribed, and by this collection three genera ivere also added ; thus raising
the whole number of the species of mosses inhabiting the Island to 74. This, con-
sidering how'' much has been added by each collector to those which were previously
known, is probably a low estimate of the entire moss flora.

No genera peculiar to Kerguelen arc observable in the collections, unless a
species here referred to J3llndia and the Schistidlum marginatum (here placed in
Sfreptopogon) should be so considered. The remaining genera are universal in
boreal as well as austral regions, with the exception of the three species of Bicranum,
all which belong to extra -European sections of that genus. Twenty-three of the
Kerguelen mosses arc considered identical with species found in the north of
Europe and Ameiica, of these Brgum alpinum and Brachythccium salcbrosum had
not before been identified in the southern hemisphere.

A few distinct and well-marked species have been gathered in Kerguelen Island
which arc also found at great elevations on the Andes of Quito and of New Grenada.
Of these 31icl6cliliofcria campgtocarpa and Bsilopilu^n tricliodon arc conspicuous
instances , they pi’obably inhabit the whole Andine chain. JBartramia app^'cssa ,
BrachytJiecium paradoxum, and Tortida Brinceps arc found also in New Zealand
and Tasmania ; but with the exception of Bicranum kerguelense there is no species
which points to any connexion with the mosses of South Africa.

MUSCI— W. MITTEN.

17

1. Ditrichium australe, Mtt. 1. c. (Cynontodium). Lophiodon strictus,
Uooh.f. et mis. FI. Antarct. 130, t. LIX., Fig. 1.

In dense fulvous tufts, Avith old eapsules, Moseley. (Lord Auckland’s and

Campbell’s Islands.)

In all the specimens referred to tins species the dry young foliage is fulvous, the
older brown or black ; the terminal leaves are frequently longitudinally tAA'isted,
othenvise their direction is the same as when wet ; the loAver portion of the leaf is
in outline of an elliptic oblong figure, from which the nerve is continued in a straight
line, and is rather suddenly carried out so as to appear without a margin of leaf ;
a transverse section shows it to be concave above and convex beneath ; the apex is
abrupt, rounded, and nearly flat, so as to appear as if dilated, and, as stated in the
Flora Antarctica, the species is distinguished from most of its allies by this par-
ticular. The substance of the base of the leaf is composed of elongated cells which,
although shorter towards the top of the dilated portion, are not dcirsc, so that the
entire expansion is of a pellucid fulvous colour, the nerve being everyAvherc smooth,
wdtii a fcAV small teeth at its apex.*

2. Ditrichium Hookeri, C. Muller Syn. /., 450 (Leptotrichum).

Eoyal Sound, with old capsules and young setse, Eaton.

3. Ditrichium conicum, Mont, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, iv. 100. (Aschi-
stodon.)

Xear Vulcan Cave, barren, Eaton.

The imbrication of the leaves at the apices of the stems, Avhen dry, so as to form
an erect or curved point, renders this species not difUcult to recognise in a barren
state.

1. Asiothecium vaginatum, Uook. 3Insc. Exot. t. 141 (Dicranum).

* In the Journal of the Linnean Society, Sept. 1859, there wa.s confused with ihe Leptotrichum australe,
therein mentioned, the following apparently distinct species, — 1). punctulatum, Mitt. ; dioicum ? dense caespi-
tosum, dichotome ramosum, folia inter se remotiuscula a basi erecta amplexante oblonga cellulis inferiorihus
elongatis superiorihus abbreviatis rotundatis obscuriusculis veluti punctatis, subito in subulam patentem
inferne canaliculatam apice angustam planiusculam denliculatam minutissime scabridam sublmvem cellulis
punctulatis areolatam producta, pericluetii alia basi Latiora et longiora parte subulato patentiora, theca in
pcdunculo breviusculo rubro parva ovali-cylindracea erecta leptoderma fulvo-fusca. Flos masculus in ramis
terniinalis, ovatu.s, e basibus foliorum dilatiitis apice retusis vaginantibus involucratus. Distichium capilla-
ceum, FI. N. Zealand, II., 73.

Hub. — New Zealand, Dr. Lyall. Great Barrier Island, Hutton and Kirk. Fagus Forests, Hopkins,
Dr. Haast.

In size colour and general appearance very similar to D. australe, having also the same, but narrower,
flattened apices to its leaves; in the recurvation of the subulate portion from the top of the erect base it
resembles D. capillaceum, and for this species Dr. Lyall’s barren specimens were mistaken, although the
leaves arc not distichous, .but so disposed that each fifth leaf occupies the .same vertical position on the stem
as the first counted from ; the outline of the dilated base is not oval-elliptic as in D. australe, but oblong
obtuse. The fruit in an old state is present on Dr. Haast’s specimens ; accompanying these fertile stems
were many conspicuous male flowers, which do not appear to arise from the lower parts of fertile stems, but

seem to be really distinct male plants.

**

C

IS

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Swain’s Bay, Eaton.

Small barren stems, but not different from speeimens from the Bogotian and
Quitenian Andes.

1. Blindia gracillima, Mitt. Dioica, laxe csespitosa. Caulis elongatus,
gracillimus, interne nudus, superne foliis remotiusculis laxe obtectus. Folia anguste
lanceoloto-subulata, pagina folii e cellulis angustis elongatis parietibus pellu-
cidis usque ad f nervi apice vix denticulati longitudinis anguste continuata;
eellulis alaribus in auriculam parvam dispositis rubris ; folia peiichsetialia erecta,
l)asi obovata, convoluta, sensim subulato-attcnuata, nervo longius excurrente.
Theca in seta brevi flexuosa arcuata pendula, subresupinata, globosa; operculo
oblique rostrato ; peristomii dentibus rubris latis teneris integris vel rarius pertusis
intus Isevibus extus parietibus transversalibus prominentibus appendiculatis ; annulo
nullo ; calyptra parva, viridis, nigrescens. B. curviseta, Mitt, in Linn. Soc. Journ.
XV., 193.'

Boyal Sound, in lakes, with young and nearly ripe fruit, Eaton.

Stems 2-4 inches long, forming loose tufts, the upper portions red, the lower
black, denuded of leaves, and forming a loose entangled mass. Leaves at the apices
of the stems fulvous and shining, the lower all blackened ; in then’ direction the
upper leaves are but little changed when wet or dry ; they arc 1-^-2 lines long ; the
areolation consists of elongate cells separated by pellucid Avails ; at the angles of the
base of the leaf the alai’y cells are distinct and red. The ner\'e becomes indistin-
guishable at four-fifths of the whole length of the leaf, and is thence continued, and
ends without forming a pungent point ; leaves of the perichtetium longer, and their
dilated bases about twice the width of the cauline leaves. Seta 2-2^ lines, straight
in its loAver half, thence to the capsule tAvisted and variously curved. Capsule erect
when dry, when Avet AAuth a sAvan’s-neck-like curve, and so bent as to become hori-
zontal ; when mature spherical AA'ithout any neck where it is affixed to the seta ;
colour reddish brown ; substance thin but firm. Operculum always obliquely beaked,
at length of the same colour as the capsule. Peristome perfectly formed ; teeth
red, broad at the base, thcucc with an even outhne narrowed to their points, with
the exception of a rare perforation there is no trace of their being composed of a
double row of cells ; at the base of the teeth the transverse divisions are close
together, but aboA’ c this they are much wider, and on turning the tooth on edge it
is seen that each dissepiment of the articulations is prominent on the outer side,
but not on the inner. Spores small, round. Calyptra coriaceous, brownish-green,
deeply cleft, with a spreading base.

Tab. III., Fig. 1, plant of natural size; 2, cauline leaf; 3, perichsetium with
capsule ; 4, portion of peristome ; all magnified.

2. Blindia microcarpa, 3Iitt. in Jonm. Linn. Soc., XV., 65. Monoica,
pulvinatim csespitosa. Caulis dichotomus, fastigiatim ramosus. Folia patentia,
stricta, plus minus falcata curvatave, dimidio inferiore lanceolato superiore carinato

MUSCI. — W. MITTEN.

19

anguste attenuate, integerrima, nervo angusto percursa, cellulis elongatis alaribus
in auriculam parvam fuscam clispositis areolata ; pericboetialia brevia, pai’va, ovata,
convoluta, in acumen subulatum producta. Theca in pcdunculo gracili foliis
caulinis dimidio l)reviorc erccta, parva, ovalis ; opcrculo subulato oblique demum ore
dilatato cyatliiformi fusca ; peristomii dentibus teneris ; calyptra parva, dimidiata.
Flos masculus foliis propriis perichactialibus similibus inclusus.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

This is the species mentioned in the Flora Antarctica, p. 128, under Weissm
contecta, as being present in the Hookerian Herbarium, its habitat unknown.

In compact, but not coherent tufts. Stems fastigiately branched, about an inch
high. Foliage shining, but little altered in direction wet or dry. The minute
capsule is scarcely conspicuous amongst the leaves. Leaves at the tops of the stems
yellowish green, below brown, erect or slightly falcate, al)out 24 - lines long, com-
posed of elongate cells with pellucid Avails ; nerve pale brown and with the pagina
gradually attenuated into a A'cry narrow flat entire point ; alary cells at the angles
of the base distinct, brown, forming sub-quadrate masses. Leaves of the perichae-
tium 4—.') as long as those of the stem, and quite concealed amongst them. Seta
about 1 line long, straight, pale browm. Capsule as it reaches maturity appearing
to pass from oval to nearly globular; after the fall of the operculum by the
dilatation of its mouth it becomes cyathiform, with no distinct neck. Operculum
with a very oblique subulate beak which is longer than the capsule. Peristome-
teeth very thin, broad at base, nan-owed upwards into entire points; transverse
articulations remote. Calyptra small, coriaceous, brownish, scarcely reaching the
base of the operculum. Male inflorescence in a small bud below the base of the
perichaetium.

Tab. III., Fig. ii. : 1, plant of natural size ; 2, cauline leaf ; 3, perichgetium with
comal leaf, capsule, and male flower ; 4, old capsule ; 5, portion of peristome ; all
magnified.

3. Blindia contecta, Ilook. f. 8f Wils. Flor. Antarct. 404 t. 58, f. 3.
(Weissia).

Christmas Harbour, on rocks, barren, Hooker.

In this species the perichaetium is composed of enlarged leaA'cs as in Stylosteginm,
Schimp., but the capsule aaIucIi is immersed has a peristome.*

* These three species afford some considerations respecting their mode of fructification. The genus
Blindia, Bruch et Schimp., at first included only the European B. acuta, with the “ perichtetium vaginans
distinctum,” the perichajtial leaves being as large as the cauline and dilated below. To this was added by
C. Muller (in the Synopsis) B. cccspiticia, which had been made into the genus Stylostegium in the
Bryologia Europea, differing from Blindia in its gymnostomous capsule immersed in enlarged but not
vaginant perichaetial leaves, in these particulars analogous to some species of Grimmia of the section Sc/iis-
tidium, in which B. ccBspiticia had itself sometimes been placed. The distinction between Blindia and
Stylostegium is reduced by the presence of a peristome in B. contecta (which may be said to be a Styloste-
gium with a peristome) by the immersed capsule in Stylostegium, and the exserted one in Blmdia. In B.

c 2

20

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

1. Dicranum (Isocabpus, Mitt.) tortifolium, Uooh. f. et Wits. FI. Ant-
arct. 404, t. 152, y. 5 (Weissia).

Ilab., Christmas Harbour, on gravelly banks, Uooher. Under the shoot of a
waterfall near Vulean Cove, with old capsules and young seta?, Eaton.

In compact tufts I-I 4 inch high. Uoliage very green above, below becoming
brown. Old capsules black and shining ; young calyptras orange brown.

2. Dicranum (Isocarpus) strictum, Hook. f. et Wits. Ft. Antarct., 404,
t. 152,/! 4 (Weissia).

Christmas Harbour, on rocks near the sea. Hooker.

This has been described as dioicous, but the male flower is terminal on a
branch arising some distance below the pericha?tium. The peristome has rather
hroad thin teeth ; in the solitary example Avhich could be examined, the teeth ap-
peared to bo partly adherent in pairs, the median line is obsolete. This species
is closely related to I>. tortifolium.

3. Dicranum (Hemicampylus, Mitti) robustum, Hook. f. et Wits. Ft.
Antarct. 406, t. 152, /. 8, var. lucidum ; H. pungens, var. lucidurn. Hook. f. et
Wits. 1. c.

Hah. Christmas Harbour, Hooker, Moseley.

Known only in a barren state.

3. Dicranum (Hemicampylus) kerguelense, C. Muller, Syn. i. 370. 1).
Boryanum, Sclmaegr ; Hook.f. et Wils. Ft. Antarct. 406. H. dichotomum, Beauv.
Prodr. 51 (Cecalyphum) .

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. On an elevated moor. Royal Sound, Eaton.

microcarpa the pericliaetium is formed of leaves reduced in size like tliose which usually include the anthe-
ridia, and thus another modification of the pericha;tium is produced, all other i)articulars being as in Blindia
proper. Thus, by the difference in the leaves of the pcrichaetium, the species are separable into several
groups : —

Stylostegium, B. & S. j — theca in perichretio e f'oliis caulinis ampliatis immersa.

Blindia, B. & S. ; — theca e perichactio e foliis basi vaginantibus caulinorum inagiiitudinis exserta.

Ilomogastrium ; — theca e pericha;tio microphyllo exserta.

The differences in the leaves of the perichsetium between Stylostegium and Blindia are analogous to
those which exist between the Grimmics of the sections Schistidium and Grinimia; between Hedwigidium
and Braunia ; between some Bartrarnice of the section Lcucomcla and Eubartramia ; and also between the
Schlothcimim of the sections Stegothcca and Etischlothcimia. States of the perichastium analogous to that
observable in B. microcarpa occur chiefly in mosses which produce their fruit from the side of the stem,
as Amectangium, and in some species of Fissidens. Amongst the Neckeroid mosses pericha^tia may be
observed in otherwise closely resembling species which are analogous to all three of the states here left in
Blindia. Much time and many words might be saved in the description of mosses in which the pericha;tium
is an important character, if some term at once conveying the essential part of the above information were
employed, thus : —

Chanogastriati ; — pei'ichsetium e foliis elongatis ampliatisque 'Sx\ims,=Stylostegmm, Schistidium (Grim-
mieae), llcdwigia, Hedwigidium, Cryphcea, Ecckcra.

Ileterogastriati ; — pericliEetium e foliis elongatis inferne convolutis clausum =7?W«c?ia, Dicj-amim,
llypnum, &c.

Homogastriati ; — perichajtium e foliis abbreviatis iis perigonii similibus formatum=i?/f«rfia microcarpa,
Anvcctangium, Vyrrhobryum, &c.

MUSCI. — W. MITTEN.

21

In extensive tufts, with stems from 3-4 indies high, and fulvous green foliage,
hecoming wdien older, hrown.

So far as can he seen from the small specimen in the Hookerian Herbarium of
Cecalyplnini dichotomum, it appears to he the same as the Kerguelen moss, as it was
considered hy Mr. AVilson. The chief distinction ascribed to D. kerguelense is to
have the nerve vanishing towards the narrow flat point, and not as in D. dichotomtini
to have the nerve continued into the point and dentate on the back.

1. Campy lopus cavifolius, Mitt. Muse. Austr. Amer. 87.

Kerguelen Island, in dense tufts, barren, Moseley. By some error this Avas
enumerated in the Linn. Soc. Journal as G. appressifolius.

1. Ceratodon purpureus, Limi. Sp. Fl. 1575 (Mnium).

Ilah.— Boyal Sound and near Swain’s Bay, in a dark purple almost blackened
state, all barren, Eaton. (Heard Island, Moseley.)

This moss appears to he as common throughout the southern regions as it is in
the northern. The southern states have generally a more robust appearance, but
Avhen C. brasiliensis, Hampe, from Brazil, C. crassiuervis, Lorentz, from Valdivia,
C. capensis, Schimp., from the Cape of Good Hope, and C. convolutus, Beichardt,
from New Zealand, are compared side by side, the conclusion seems irresistible, that
they are all forms of one species.

1. Grimmia (Schistidium) apocarpa, Linn. Sp. Pi. 1579 (Bryum).

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. Cat Island, Iloyal Sound, Eaton.

A very small state ; all the specimens unlike European, hut not appearing to
he really different.

2. Grimmia (Sciiistidium) falcata, Hook. f. et Wils. El. Antarct. 401,
t. 151,/. 8.

Christmas Harbour, on rocks and stones near a waterfall. Hooker.

This is cither an aquatic species or an aquatic form of a species of which the
form corresponding to rupestral states of G. apocarpa is unknoAvn.

3. Grimmia insularis, Mitt, in Joimi. Linn. Soc. XV., 73.

Heard Island, Moseley.

4. Grimmia (Eugrimaiia) Kidderi, James in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, p. 25.

Near SAvain’s Bay, Eaton.

In small dense black cushions. Stems 3-4 lines high, with a few branches near
the base, made up of repeated innovations from the base of the male flow'er, con-
sisting of closely set widely oA'atc leaves, wdthout diaphanous points, including
a fcAV antheridia. Leaves very small, canaliculate, margins erect, terminated by a
short, nearly smooth hyaline point.

This ambiguous moss may he conjectured to represent a species near to the
European G. montana.

5. Grimmia (Dryptodon) chlorocarpa, B7'id., Mitt, in Hook. f. Handb.
New Zealand EL, II., 426 (sub Bhacomitrium crispulum).

99

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley. Hill N.W. of Mount Crozier, barren, Eaton .

Very closely related to G. Symphyodon and G. emersa, C. Muller, and also to
D. crispulus. Hook. f. et IVils. ; all are possibly forms of one species.

6. Grimmia (Dryptodon) crispulus, Hook. f. et Wits. Flor. Antarct. 124,
et 402, t. 57, /. 9.

Christmas Harbour, in gravelly beds of rivulets. Hooker.

7. Grimmia (Rhacomitrium) lanuginosa, Bill.; Brid. i. 215.

— Kerguelen Island, Moseley ; Royal Sound and near Vulcan Cove, barren,

Eaton.

All the specimens are less robust than those collected by Dr. Hooker in Hermite
Island ; from the whitening of the tips of the leaves they are very hoary.

Many of the specimens brought from southern regions which appear to diher in
only slight particulars from northern states have been described as distinct; of
these, Bhacomitrium Jirnium De Kotaris, from Chili, is a fulvous brown moss,
B. Geronticum, C. Muller (Hedwigia, 1870), is possibly the same. B. senile,
Schimp. (Lechler, 1089, from Magellan), with leaf points crisped and hoary, B.
ineaniim, C. Muller (Hedwigia, 1870), from Cape of Good Hope, is, if specimens
from the top of Table Mountain belong to it, scarcely in any particular different
from Arctic examples.

8. Grimmia (Rhacomitrium) protensum, Rmw?? ; Hook. f. et Wils.
Flor. Antarct. 402.

Christmas Island, barren. Hooker.

9. [G. PRONDOSA, James in Bull. Z7. S. Nat. Mns. 3, 25, is another Kerguelen
Island species, found by Kidder.]

1. Orthotrichum crassifolium, Hook.f.et Wils. Fl. Antarct., p. 125,

tah. Ivii./. 8.

Christmas Harbour, common. Hooker, Moseley ; Royal Sound, Eaton.

The specimens from Kerguelen have the points of the perichmtial leaves reach-
ing to three-fourths of the length of the capsule, which is thus only emergent, and
in this respect they agree with some of the specimens gathered in Hermite Island
by Dr. Hooker. No importance can be attached to this particular character, as in
Dr. Hooker’s specimens from Lord Auckland’s Islands, emergent and exserted
capsules may be seen on the same stems.

The capsules are either smooth or with a few folds regularly placed on one side,
the remainder being smooth, and are more urcolate than any of the specimens
collected by Dr. Hooker.

The inflorescence consists, as usual in the genus, of a male flower near the base
of the perichsetium in all the specimens.

2. Orthotrichum atratum, Mitt, in Linn. Soc. Journ., XV., p. 66. Monoi-
cum. Caulis humilis, csespitosus. Polia patentia, sicca incurva, laxe contorta, lan-
ceolafa, apice lata obtusiuscule acuta, nervo suh summo apice evanescente, ceUulis

MUSCL— W. MITTEN.

23

fere ubique parvis rotundatis obscuris ; periclisetialia majora. Theca in pedunculo
longitudine perichaetii subsequali ovalis, laevis, sicca infra os contracta, inferne
collo crasso ; opcrculo convexo, rostro angusto ; pcristomii dentibus 16, vel plus
minus cohaerentibus 8. Calyptra nigro-fusca, calva, ad medium usque thecae
descendens, nitida.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

Stems not more than half an inch high. Leaves a line long; a few of the.
youngest greenish, the rest all black, coriaceous. Capsule pale straw-coloured,
somewhat fleshy, smooth when deoperculate, very slightly contracted just l)clow
the mouth at the base, when dry shortly plicate.

In all its parts larger than O. ci'assifolkmi, with leaves twice as wide, and without
the horny appearance ; it is, however, more nearly allied to that species than to any
other, and approaches in some respects the O. anonialum, Ilcdw., which ascends far
towards the Polar regions.

3. Orthotrichum rupestre, Schleich. ; Brid. i. 279.

Eoyal Sound, with fruit nearly mature, Eaton.

The specimen is in good state, and appears to agree in all respects with the
European, except that no internal peristome has been found ; it does not correspond
so well with either of the very closely allied species, O. Sturmii or O. cvpidatnm,
which agree in being destitute of cilia.

1. Zygodon Brownii, Scimaegr. t. 317 b.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

The minute scrap rather establishes the fact that a species of the genus in-
habits Kerguelen Island than provides materials for identifying with certainty that
to which it is here referred.

Tortula (Syntricuia) Princeps, Be Notaris ; Barbula Miilleri, B)'uch et
Schimp., Bryol. Europ. t. 28. T. Euegiana, Mitt., Journ. of Linn. Soc., Sept. 1859.
3Iusc. Austr. Amer. 174. Barbula, S. magellanica, C. Muller in Bot. Zeit. 1862,
349; B. antarctica, Mampe ; Tortula antarctica, T. cuspidata, et T. rubella.
Mook.f. et Wils. El. Tasmanica, pi. clxxii.,/. 8, 9, 10.

Boyal Sound, with abundant mature capsules; Observatory Bay, with older
fruit, Eaton.

The first examination of the Kerguelen specimens yielded no male inflorescence,
they were therefore considered to be T. fuegiana, with which in size, colour, and
appearance they appeared to bo identical, this being supposed to be a dioicous
species, as no male flowers w’ere observed in Lechler’s Magellan specimens No. 1088,
from Cabo Negro. The same specimens were again described by C. Muller as
dioicous, under the name of Barbula S. magellanica. In seeking for the male
flowers amongst Mr. Eaton’s abundant specimens, it was, after the examination of
many stems, ascertained that although no antheridia wore present in the fertile
flowers, a small proportion of the stems had a male flower without archegonia, either

21

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

terminal on a short branch, or lateral from the growth of innovations. Finally it
was discovered that there might he present on the same stem, flowers containing
antheridia accompanied hy others containing archogonia, and above both these
another flower in which both organs were intermixed. Thus, with specimens in
small quantity to examine, the inflorescence might be described as monoicous dioi-
cous or synoicous, as might chance to liappen to the investigator.

The European T. Pntice2is was at first correctly described hy De Xotaris as poly-
gamous in the Bryologia Europea, where it is figured as Jiarhula Miilleri. It is
there described as hermaphrodite, with a remark in a subsequent note that it occa-
sionally produced flowers containing archogonia only. In Schimper’s Synopsis and
in the Bryologia Britannica it is simply stated to bo synoicous. An examination of
De Notaris’s original specimen shows synoicous fertile flowers with innovations of
the stem terminated hy flowers with archegonia alone ; in this particular coinciding
with British specimens.

The distribution of this species appears to ho very wide, and it would seem to
he the pi'eponderating if not the only species of the genus in southern regions. From
X.W. America it extends to Mexico, Chili, and tlic Straits of Magellan ; in Africa
it is found at the Cape of Good Hope, and may he identical with the liarhnla mollis,
Schimp., of the Abyssinian Mountains ; it occurs in N.W. India ; it inhabits also
Xew Zealand, Tasmania, and Australia, from whence several species have been de-
scribed as dioicous, viz., Barbtila Latroheana, C. Muller (Bot. Zeit. 1864, 358), JB.
Preissiemia (ejusd. Synops. I. 642), P. pandio'cpfolia (cjusd. et Ilampe, Linnmal853,
493). No specimen, however, amongst those sent hy Baron F. von Mueller to the
Kew Ilerharium has been examined without finding its inflorescence monoicous or
synoicous. There is also Torhila S. 2)nsitla, J. Angstr. from Magellan, described
as dioicous ? and Barhula Leclileri, C. Muller (Bot. Zeit. 1859, 229), as monoicous.
All these species or supposed species may he well distinguishable, hut if the
certainty of the condition of their inflorescence is removed from their descriptions,
the remainder becomes applicable to T. Princeps, in Avhich the outline of the
leaves even on the same stems is, as in the European T. ruralis, sulq'ect to a great
amount of variation.

2. Tortula (Barbula) serrulata. Hook, et Grev. in Breiost. Eclinh. Journ.
i. 291, t. 12.

Kerguelen Island ; a few small barren stems with other mosses, Moseley.

3. Tortula (Barbula) erubescens, Mitt, in Hook. f. Handbook of New
Zeald. Plora, ii. 421 (Didymodon).

Kerguelen Island ; a few fragments, Moseley.

Very closely related to the T. rubella so widely distributed in northern regions,
differing chiefly in the longer operculum and larger size of the whole plant.

1. Streptopogon australis, Mitt, in Linn. Soc. Journ. xv. 66. Humilis.
Folia inferiora patentia, spathulato-ligulata, ohtusiuscule acuta, nervo in apice de-

MUSCI. — W. MITTEN.

26

siiiente, margine apicetn versus clenticulata ; superiora cluplo latiova, a Imsi erectiore
scnsim recurva, patentia, apice cum nervo in acumen longitudine variabile sensim
educto, margine superne serrulata.

Koval Sound ; a single stem, Eaton. Two small stems amongst other mosses
without precise locality, Moseley.

The small quantity found of this moss w'ould be insufficient to give any idea of
what might bo supposed to he the usual appearance of the species were it not
evidently a close congener to a very ambiguous moss found on thatch in the south
of Britain, and which has been known first as a supposed gemmiferous variety of
Leptodontimn jle.v folium (Sm.), and since as Eidymodon gemmascens, Mitt. MSS.
Krom this the Kerguelen species dillers in the form of its lower leaves. In the
British moss all the leaves are acuminate and tipped with a globular mass of indi-
vidually ohovate green gemmae of a loose cellular substance, and gemmae of the
same form are present on the points of some of the upper leaves of S. uustralis.

Both species appear to be small, the British one is seldom more than half an
inch in height ; the entire plant, excepting a few rootlets, and the rarely present
archegonia, which are red, is of a yellowish green. In the dry state it affords
nothing to attract observation, hut when wet, every leaf being terminated by its
mass of gemmoe, it is unlike any other European moss, excepting the more robust
Orthotriclmm phyllanthum (Brid.). It comes nearer to some species of Strepto-
pogon; the areolation of the leaves of Calymperes or of Syrrhopodon are widely
different. The genus Slreplopogon founded on .S', erythrodontus (Tayl), with the
additional species discovered in the Quitenian Andes by Dr. Spruce, and those from
the Bogotian Andes by Lindig and Weir, contains a number of species all seeming
to have a tufted Orthotrichoid habit. They differ among themselves considerably,
some of the Andean species having the leaf with a callous margin which is wanting
in others, and the capsule immersed or shortly exserted from poricha3tial leaves
which are not very different from the cauline. S. mnioides, Schw. t. 310 (Barlmla'),
however, has the perichsetium leaves much elongated, and different from those of
the stem, simulating those of Ilolomitrium, and on this account should stand apart
from the other species, thus —

Streptopogon, Wils. Theca in perichajtio e fohis caulinis subsimilibus im-
mersa, emergens, vel breviter exserta. Calyptra breviter multifida.

Caeypiopogon, Mitt. Theca in perichtetio e foliis elongatis a caulinis diffor-
mibus exserta. Calyptra profunde pluriflda.

The first group contains all the species of w'hich the fruit is known, and which
correspond to the typical S. erythrodontus, together with probably some others which
are known only in a barren state, including the two ambiguous species S. australis
and (S', gemmascens.

The second group consists of S. mnioides alone.

2. Streptopogon? marginatus ; — Schistidium marginatum, Ilook.f. and
Wils. Flor. Antarct., 399, 1. 151. f. vi.

**

D

26

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Christmas Harbour, forming large patches on wet rocks, Hooker.

This, whicli appears destitute of peristome, is in other respects more nearly related
to SfreptoTpogon than to any other genus, and if included in it would occupy a
position analogous to that of SUjlostegium ccespUicium and S. conlechim before
mentioned under BUndia.

1. Entosthodon laxus. Hook. f. et WiU. FI. Antarct., 399, t. 151, f. 6.
( Phj’scomitrium) .

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. Royal Sound, barren, and Swain’s Bay, with
nearly mature capsules, Baton.

Traces of an internal peristome are present within the external teeth.

1. Bartramia (Philonotis) appressa, Hook. f. et Wils. Fl. New Zeald
ii. 89, t. 86, f. 5.

Royal Sound, barren ; Observatory Bay, with a few nearly ripened capsules ;
and hill N. IV. of Mount Crozier, a tall barren slender state, Eaton.

2. Bartramia (Puilonotis) australis, Mitt, in Hook. Handh. New Zeald
Flor., 448.

Swain’s Bay and Royal Sound, all barren, Eaton.

The few small stems growing among other mosses appear to belong to this
species.

3. Bartramia (Bkeutelia) pendula. Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 21.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley. Royal Sound; hill K.W. of Mt. Crozier; near

Vulcan Cove, with abundant immatiu’o fruit, Eaton.

4. Bartramia (Eubaetramu.) patens, Brid. Sp. Muse. iii. 82.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley. Royal Sound, with old fruit; and hill N.W. of Mt.

Crozier, Eaton.

5. Bartramia (Eubarteamia) robusta, Hook.f. et Wils.'Fl. Antarct. t. 59.
Kerguelen Island, Moseley. Royal Sound, with old capsules and young setm

rising, very fine tall specimens, and Swain’s Bay, Eaton. (Heard Island, Moseley)
[B. pl.avicans, Mitt., is enumerated by James as amongst the H. S. collections
collected at the rear of the American Transit House.]

1. Bryum CVVebera) nutans, Schreb.; Hedw. Muse. Frond, i. t. 4.

Near Vulcan Cove; hill N.W. of Mt. Crozier, a small state with unripe fruit
growing amongst Psilopilum trichodon, Eaton.

2. Bryum (Webeea) elongatum, Hicks.

Swain’s Bay, a single stem with ripe capsule, Eaton.

3. Bryum (Webeea) crudum, Hedw. Muse. Frond, i. t. 88 (Mnium).
Kerguelen Island, Moseley. Swain’s Bay, with fruit just matru-e, Eaton.

4. Bryum (Webeea) albicans, Wahlenh.

Christmas Harbour, Hooker, Moseley. Near Vulcan Cove, Eaton.

Specimens all barren.

5. Bryum (EccREiioTHEciuM)pendulum, Homsch.

Royal Sound ; and Cat Island, Royal Sound, Eaton.

MUSCI.— W. MITTEN.

27

The inflorescence, T\hich is usually synoicous in capsuliferous flowers, is some-
times accompanied hy unisexual flowers upon the same stem.

6. Bryum (Eocremothecium) Eatoni, MUt. in Journ. Linn. Soc., xv., p. 195.
Synoicum. Caulis humilis, gracilis, innovationibus infra comalibus paucis ramosus.
Eolia erecto-patentia, inferiora minora, superiora elliptico-lanceolata, nervo in
acumen tenue Imvc vel denticulis paucis asperum excurrente, margine limbo tenui
e seriebus cellularum elongatarum 4-5 composito anguste reflexo integerrima, collulis
angustis limitibus teneris areolata ; folia oomalia longiora, basi subauriculato-dilatata,
angulis rotundatis laxis areolatis. Seta elongata, recta, apicc anguste curvata.
Theca pendula, sporangio ovato collo subsequilongo ; operculo depressc conico
acuminulato ; peristomio parvo, dentibus pallidis subsubulatis, apice punctulatis,
procossibus apice punctulatis ciliisque in unum angustissimum conflatis in mcm-
brana usque ad dentiura longitudinis I exserta impositis, annulo triplici circumdato.

Swain’s Bay and Royal Sound, with fruit ripened, Eaton.

The very narrow leaves retain the same position in both the wet and dry state,
they are narrower than observed in any form of J3. 'pendulum.

Tain III. f. iv. ; 1, natural size ; 2, cauline loaf ; 3, leaf from perichmtium ; 4,
capsule ; 5, portion of peristome ; all magnified.

7. Bryum (Eccremothecium) bimum, Schreh. ; Bryol. Europ. t. 21.

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. Near Swain’s Bay ; and Royal Sound, with ripe

fruit. Eaton.

The specimens vary in size, the stems in some being nearly three inches high,
the lower leaves arc all blackened.

8. Bryum (EccREMOTnEciuii) alpinum, Linn.

Royal Sound, with shining red foliage ; and Swain’s Bay, all lian’en, Eaton.

The rod-leaved specimens are exactly similar to those states of this species which
are found in sub-alpine regions in Europe ; those states which are found in the
plains have never the lustrous appearance which adorns this handsome moss.

The small specimen from Swain’s Bay was mistaken for B. Icevigatum, Hook. f.
et Wils. (also a Kerguelen species), to which in colour it has a groat resemblance,
and the similarity was increased by the points of the upper leaves being broad and
obtuse ; the lower leaves are, however, of the usual form.

9. Bryum (EccREiioriiEcniM) argenteum, Linn.

On sea cliffs near Observatory, barren, Eaton.

A small silvery state with the leaf points not produced.

10. Bryum (Eccremothecium) kerguelense, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XV. 67.

Monoicum, ccespitosum. Caulis brevis, ramosus. Eolia erecto-patentia, imbri-
cata, inferiora rameaque ovali-lanceolata, acuta, carinato-concava, nervo rubro per-
cursa, margine integerrimo, oellulis angustioribus in seriebus duabus limbum sub-
indistinctum formantibus ; reliquis suboblongis ; oomalia longiora latioraque ; peri-
chsetialia interna minora. Theca in pedunculo breviusculo rubro superne flexuoso

D 2

28

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

curvato horizontalis, tenui-membranacea, nitida ; sporangio ovali oollo recto sequi-
longo sensiin angustato ; ore satis parvo coarctato ; oporculo coiivexo apioe brevis-
sime acuto ; pcristomii deiitibus pallidis intorni fragmentis externo usque ad medium
adhaBreiitibus.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

Stems including the numerous branches about 3 lines high, and with the
foliage about half a line wide. Loaves appressed when dry, a few at the apices of
the branches green, the lower all dark brown. Seta 3 lines long. Capsule about
lines long, oohraceous, almost shining. The male flowers are terminal on branches
arising below the perichaetium.

This small species appears to be nearly allied to B. demissum, Hook., but its
(■apsule is symmetrical, and the peristome is different.

Tab. III. fig. iii. ; plants nat. size; 2, entire plant; 3, cauline leaf; 4, peri-
chcetial and comal leaves ; 5, portion of peristome ; all magnified.

11. Bryum Isevigatum, var. llook. f. and IFUs. Flor. Antarcl., 415,
t. 154, f. 3.

Christmas Harbour, barren, Ilooher.

12. Bryum Wahlenbergii, Schweeg.

Christmas Harbour, common, Hooker.

[B. Waiineum, Bland. ; gayanum, Mont. ; torqtiescens, Br. and Sch. ; and
PALLESCENS, Scliwoig., ai’o all enumerated by James as found by Kidder (Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus. 3, 26.]

1. Mielichhoferia campylocarpa, Hook, et Am. in Hook. Icon. PL,
t. 136 (Weissia).

Kerguelen Island, Moseley. Near Swain’s Bay, with unripe fruit. Baton.

First described from the Andes, whore it was gathered by Jameson; it was
afterwards found in Mexico, and may be one of those species extending tliroughout
the Andine chain. M. basiUaris, Bruch et Schimp., from the Abyssinian mountains,
i\ith entirely the same statme and appearance, differs in some particulars of the
peristomial teeth, and in the nerve of the leaf vanishing below the point.

Plagiothecium antarcticum, Mitt, in Joum. Linn. Soo. xv. 71. Monoi-
eum, cBBspitosum, ramis ascendentibus. Folia compressa, subfalcata, nitida ; caulina
ovata, acuminata, integerrima, enervia ; ramea ovato-lanceolata, tenuiter acuminata,
subenervia ; omnia basi subcordata, cellulis angustis elongatis areolata ; perichsetialia
convoluta, late ovata, breviter acuminata. Theca in pedunculo elongate rubro
ovalis, insequalis, suberecta inclinatave; operculo breviter conico; peristomio in-
terno ciliis in unum coalitis inter processus carinatos dentium longitudinis impositis
ill rnembranam usque ad dentium dimidiam longitudinem exsertam insidentibus.

Iloyal Sound, with mature and old fruit, Eaton. Marion Island, Moseley.

Stems formhig extensive soft patches, with shining foUage about half a line wide.
Seta about half an inch long, when dry twisted. Capsule obovate, the neck col-
lapsing plicate, and so curved that the whole capsule is inclined; mouth large;

MUSCI. — W. MIT TEX.

29

pale peristome prominent. The male flower, as is frequent in this genus, forms
one of a cluster of small Inid-like flowers at the base of the perichfetium.

Closely resembles the European F. nitidulum, scarcely differing excejit

in the base of its leaves. This is tlie species which is mentioned in Hooker’s Hand-
book of the New Zealand Flora, ii. 470, as Hypnum pulohcllum Dicks ? from the
Canterbury Alps.

Tab. III. Fig. v. ; 1, plant nat. size ; 2, cauline leaf ; 3, perichmtium with male
flower at base ; 4, capsule ; 5, portion of peristome — all maynified.

[P. Donianum, Sm., is enumerated by James as having been collected by Kidder
in the U. S. Transit Expedition.]

1. Acrocladium politum, -ffoo/r. /. et Wils. FI. Antarot. ii., t. 164, f. 2
(Hypnum). Mill. 1. c.

Hab. — Christmas Harbour, slender, tufted state, llooker. Koyal Sound, small
and barren. Futon.

This moss resembles some species of Flayiothecium, but seems to differ in habit,
its branches with conduplicate bifarious leaves having so close a resemblance to
those of Phyllogonkim elegans, Hook. f. ct Wils., that it is frequently mistaken for
that plant. In the review of the genus Orthorhynchum, Ilcich. by C. Muller
(Linnma Band, 30, p. 28), one of the species to be referred to tliis genus, the
O. Ilampeanum, C. Muller, sent from Australia F’elix by Baron F\ von Mueller,
must, from the description, be Acrocladium polituni, of which specimens have been
seen from Von Mueller, not however exactly corresponding in locality.

1. Stereodon cupressiformis, Finn. (Hypnum).

Base of sea cliff. Royal Sound, barren, Eaton.

The small specimens obtained exhibit this variable species in that form which
in Europe is found on the roofs of buildings or on the ground ; they are very unlike
S. ohrysogasler, C. Muller, so common in Now Zealand.

1. Amblystegium uncinatum, Uedw.

Christmas Harbour, Fooker. Near Vulcan Cove, a tall robust form with
nearly mature fruit ; and Royal Sound, a similar state, but barren, Eaton.

2. Amblystegium fluitans, Eitt.

West side of Swain’s Bay, barren, Eaton.

A large state, with all but the terminal leaves of a brown colour.

3. Amblystegium riparium, Linn.

In the lake at Christmas Harbour, Fooker.

Specimen in a very imperfect state. iUso found by the U. S. Transit Expedition
growing with Fanuncidus crassipes.

4. Amblystegium kerguelense, Mitt. Dioicum? Caulis decumbens,
ramis confertis ascendentibus pinnatim ramosis. Folia caulina laxe imbricata,
stricta vel curvata, ovato-lanceolata, subulato-acuminata, integerrima, nervo basi
lato sensim angustato et in acumen evanido percursa ; celluhs parvis oblongis limiti-
busque pellucidis ad angiflos paucis rectangulis latioribus areolata ; folia ramea

30

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

erecto-patcntia, angustiora, nervo crassiore. Hypniun filicinum var. et H. serpens,
var. Mor. Antarct., p. 419 et 418.

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. Near Swain’s Bay, barren, Halou.

The single patch of this moss gathered by Mr. Eat6n exhibits the species as very
closely resembling A. filicinum, Linn., when it has not assumed a pinnate form ; it
is larger than A. serpens. The foliage is fulvous, neither wet nor dry is it altered in
appearance.

5. Amblystegium decussatum, Hook.f. et Wils. Fl. Neio Zeald. ii. t. 90,
f. 2. (Hypnum.)

Royal Sound, a slender straggling state, with irregular branches and an upright
form, amongst Bryum pendulum ; near Swain’s Bay, an upright state more robust
and more branched; near Vulcan Cove, a still larger state, with stems three inches
high ; all barren, Eaton.

All the specimens referred to this species have hut little external resemblance to
the complete state found fertile in New Zealand, hut they agree very closely in the
areolation ot their leaves, and it is probable they are only slender forms similar to
those produced by A. filicinum.

1. Sciaromium conspissatum. Hook. f. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. 419, 1. 155,
f. 3. (Hypnum).

Christmas Harbour ; Hooker, Moseley. A short barren state.

All the Kerguelen specimens are smaller than those from the Balkland Islands.

1. Brachythecium subpilosum, Hook. f. et WUs. Fl. Antarct. 418,
t. 154, f. 4. (Hypnum).

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

More robust than the original specimens from Cape Horn, and in this respect
nearer to the Hyxmwn rutabuhmi, var. 6, El. Antarct., from the Falkland Islands,
which has since been named H. suhplicatimi, Hampe. If, however, the species may
be supposed to vary as much in aspect as the European B. rutabulum, these
slightly larger forms may be fairly considered within the limits of probable
variation. Intermediate between the Hcrmite Island specimens and those from
Kerguelen are some barren mosses from Otago, New Zealand, and some others
y' collected in the Australian Alps by Von Mueller, to which it is probable the de-
scription of Dr. Hampe’s Hypnum austro-alpinum may apply, as ho says that the
seta is thick and rough, and the capsule short, which are the most prominent
characters appertaining to B. snhpilosimi.

2. Brachythecium salebrosum, Hoffm. (Hypnum). Hypnum rutabu-
lum, var. 4, Hook. f. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. 417.

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. Hill N.W. of Mount Crozicr, a fine silky state in
large tufts, with stems 2-3 inches long ; Swain’s Bay, in boggy ground on the west
side, a smaller'state, all barren, Eaton.

This species is distinguished from B. rutabulum by the form of the leaves on the
principal stems, which are not so dilated at their base, the outline being more nearly

JIUSCL— W. MITTEX.

31

ovate and not deltoid. Specimens collected l)y Dr. Lyall in the Arctic regions at
Beechy Island, correspond very nearly with the Kerguelen moss.

3. Brachythecium paradoxum, Hook. f. et Wils. M. Antarct. 449,
t. 155, f. 2. (Hypnum).

Royal Sound, and Swain’s Bay, with mature fruit, Eaton.

This species, which is found also in New Zealand and Ruegia, varies in size; the
Kerguelen specimens are smaller than tliose from New Zealand ; its affinity is with
the European B. velutinum (Linn.), which is sometimes seen with falcate leaves,
and then presents an appearance very different from its more usual state.

1. Psilopilum trich.od.on, Eook. et Wils. in Eook. Bond. Journ. Bot.
vi. 289. (Polytrichum).

Hill N.W. of Mount Crozier, with narrow capsules, Eaton.

Originally described from the Andes of New Grenada, where it was found near
the snow by Purdic ; it was afterwards gathered by Jameson in a similar situation
in the Andes of Quito.

Pogonatum alpinum, Bill.

Swain’s Bay, with unripe fruit, Eaton.

This species occurs also in Australia, and has been described as P. pseudo-
alpinum (C. Muller, Bot. Zeit. 1856, 750), hut it is admitted that the southern
specimens differ scarcely if at all from those of the boreal regions.

[Cathaiuna comphessa, C. Mull. ; Polytr. compressum, Eook. f. et Wils., is
enumerated amongst the United States Expedition collections.]

1. Andrsea acuminata, Mitt. A. acutifolia, var. y, Mook.f. et Wils. El.
Antarct. 390.

Christmas Harbour, Ilooker. Kerguelen Island, with a few mature capsules,
Moseley ; Royal Sound, rvithout fruit, Eaton.

In the outline of its leaves this species resembles A. marginata, Hook. ill. et M ils.
El. Antarct. 396, t. 151, f. 1., but the areolation of their upper portion is different,
the cells being about of an inch long by s-^Vfr wide, those in the corresponding-
portion of the leaves of A. marginata being about wide, and long.

2. Andraea squarrosa, Mitt. Muse. Austr. Amer. 029. A. alpina var. 1,
Hook.f. et Wils. Elor. Antarct. 395.

Christmas Harbour, Ilooker.

This species has the perichmtial leaves in the Kerguelen specimens of the same
form as in those collected by Prof. J ameson in the Andes of Quito.

[A. MARGINATA, Mook. f. et Wils. Flor. Antarct. 396, t. 161, fig. 1., has been
found in Kerguelen Island by Kidder.]

32

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

III. Uepaticce.

By William Mitten, A.L.S.

Nine species of Jungermannia and one JIarcliaut'ia, nerc gathered by Dr.
Hooker. These were arranged in 6 genera, and 6 of the species were described
as new, the remainder being similar to species found elsewhere ; none of the species
were especially remarkable. Mr. Moseley collected at the time of the “ Challenger’s ”
stay 12 species, 7 of which were different from those obtained by Dr. Hooker,
and 6 genera were also added to the flora. Fourteen species were found by
Mr. Eaton ; of these 8 species and 2 genera were additional to those previously
known, bringing the whole number of the Ilepaticw up to 25.

The RepaticcB of Kerguelen are allied most nearly to those of the Auckland and
Campbell’s Islands, and of Fuegia.

Noteroclada porphyrorUza, LeioscypMis pallens, and Teinnoma quadripartita, are
found also in Fuegia. Jungermannia colorata, and Sympliyogyna podophylla, are
found at the Cape of Good Hope. The former is, however, very widely distri-
buted in austral regions. As with the mosses, it is remarkable how many addi-
tions were made to the flora by the small numher of specimens obtained by each
collector.

1. PlagiOChUa heterodonta. Rook. f. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. 428, t. 157,
f . 2.

Christmas Harbour, on moist rocks, Rooker. Eoyal Sound, barren, Raton.

The specimens closely resemble those gathered by Dr. Hooker; it appears to be
always a small species.

2. Plagiochila minutula, Rook.f. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. 427, t. 157, f. 1 .

Christmas Harbour, on rocks and the ground, Rooker.

1. Leioscyphus turgescens, Rook.f. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. 150, t. 64, f. 2.

Hah. Royal Sound, amongst RitricMm Rookeri, Eaton. (Lord Auckland’s

group).

2. Leioscyphus pallens, Mitt.inJovrn. Linn. Soc. XV., 68. Caulis procum-
bens ascendensque, parce ramosus. Folia sursum secunda, conniventia, imbricata
orbiculata, caviuscula, integerrima, cellulis rotundis parietibus crassiusculis areolata!
Amphigastria erecto-patentia, lanceolata, profunde bifida, laciniis elongatis subulatis.
Folia involucralia majora, conformia ; amphigastrio parvo quadrifido laciniis dentatis
integerrimisve. Perianthium obovatum, ore truncate integerrimo.

Royal Sound, associated with L. turgescens, barren, Eaton.

Stems from an inch to an inch and a half long, seldom branched, with the leaves
I line wide. Leaves pale olive-green, becoming in age brown, rather firm, not

HEPATIC^.— W. MITTEN.

33

collapsing wlien dry, composed of rounded cells which at first contain small round
granules that disappear in the older leayes. Stipules line long, the one imme-
diately under the perianth is small and easily overlooked. Perianth compressed.
No capsuliferous stems have been seen.

It appears that in this species, and in some others of the same genus, the
compressed truncate perianth is the result of the small size of the involucral stipule,
which in the coalescence of the leaves of which the perianth is theoretically formed,
is too small to affect its form, the reverse of which is so evident in the perianth of
Lopliocolea.

Tab. III., Fig. vi., plant nat. size ; 2. leaf detached ; 3. stipule from the stem;
4. perianth as seen laterally with involucral leaves ; 5. stipule next the perianth;
all magnified.

1. Lophocolea pallidovirens, RooTc. f. et Tayl. FI. Antarct. 439, t. 159,

t. 9.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley. Near Vulcan Cove, barren, Raton. (Fuegia).

2. Lophocolea Novae Zealandiae, Lehm. et Lindenh. (Jungermannia).
Royal Sound, fragments amongst Ritrichum RooJeeri. Ilill N.W. of Mount

Crozier, with young perianths, Eaton. (New Zealand and Lord Auckland’s group).

3. Lophocolea humifusa, Rook.f. et. Tayl. FI. Antarct. 436, t. 159, f. v.
Christmas Ilarbour, Rooker ; near Observatory Bay, barren, Eaton.

The specimens are pale yellowish green, and seem not different from L. Udentata,
with which it agrees in perianth.

1. Teinnoma quadripartita. Rook. Muse. Exot. 117 (Jungermannia).
Kerguelen Island, a few small fragments, Moseley. Gathered also amongst
Ricrana at Christmas Ilarbour by Rooker.

1. Jungermannia cylindriformis, Mitt, in Journ. Finn. Soo. xv. Exilis.
Caulis prooumbens, ascendens, subsimplex, vix radicans. Folia subalterna, antice
incurva, oblongo-ovalia, obtusa, sinu parvo ohtuso obtuse bidentata, dentibus smpe
conniventer incurvis ; involucraha minora, acute bidentata vel cauUnis conformia.
Perianthium elongatum, cylindraceum, obtusum, apice plicatum.

Royal Sound, in very small quantity with perianths amongst Ritriclmm Rooheri,
and hill N.W. of Mount Crozier, with Scapania clandestina, Eaton.

Stems about 2 lines long. Leaves | line long, brownish green. Perianth 1 line
long, of the same colour as the leaves. This minute plant is nearly related to J.
infiata, Uuds., having the same cylindrical perianth, and involucral leaves not much
different from those of the stem, which are the characters of the genus Gymnocolea,
Dumort, which comprises besides the European J. infiata, and the J. tiirlinata,
Raddi.

Tab. III., Fig. vii. ; 1, plant nat. size ; 2 and 3, perianth and involucral leaves,
dorsal and lateral view; 4, cauline leaf, expanded ; all magnified.

31

BOTANY OP KERGUELEN ISLAND.

2. Jungermannia leucorhiza, MM. in Joum. Linn. Soc. xv. 68. Caulis
procumbens, radicellis pallidis. Folia laxe inserta, quadrata subrotundave, sinu
aouto obtusoye bilobata, interdum lobo altero minore ; lobis acutis obtusisve, in-
ciu’vis ; cellulis rotundatis et ovali-hexagonis areolata.

Kerguelen. Island, in very small quantity amongst mosses, barren, Moseley.

Stems less than 1 inch long, with the leaves line wide. Leaves green, tinged
with brown.

Incomplete specimens of a species not before noticed in the Antarctic regions,
but which appears to be near to the European J. ventricosa, Dicks, and to some
states of J. harhata.

3. Jungermannia colorata, Lelmi. et Lindenl.

Christmas Harbour, abundant on the hills, Ilooker, Moseley (with perianths).

1. Solenostoma Lumilis, Jlooh. f. et Tayl. FI. Antarct. ii. 431, t. 168,
f. 6. (Jungermannia) ; J. inundata, Flor. Nov. Zealand. 128, t. 93, f. 3.

Ilab. Christmas Harbour, barren, Ilooker. A few fragments with one perianth,
Moseley.

Both S. humilis and J. immdata were originally described as stipulate species,
no amphigastria have, however, been since found on the specimens. It is probable
that the figure of the supposed stipule of J. humilis, may have been drawn from a
fragment of Leioscyplms turgescens.

Scapania, Lind (ex parte) . Perianthium terminale, locve, a tergo ventreque
eompressum, ante capsulm emissionem apice decurvum, herbacco-membranaceum,
ore truncato. Involuori folia 2, libera, caulinis conformia. — Plantm terricoloe. Kami
crecti asoendentesve, simplicos vel furcati. Folia fere ubique mqualia, bifaria, equi-
tantia, profundc biloba, laciniis submqualibus apicibus rotundatis vel plus minus
bifidis, textura e cellulis parvis. Amphigastria nulla.

This description is that of the Synopsis Ilepaticarum, with slight modification,
it applies to S. densifolia, vertehralis, and chloroleuca, all so intimately related
that the possibility of their being forms of one species may be conjectured. These
diil'er from the chiefly European species which were included in the original idea
of Scapania, and which are now by right of priority assigned to Martinellia, Gray,
in having leaves not keeled in the space between the equal lobes, a peculiarity which
gives the plants a different aspect. The perianth known from a single example on
(S', vertehralis, is like that found in Martinellia, but is narrowed ujiwards, truncate,
the mo util bent over and denticulate.

1. Scapania densifolia. Hook. Muse. Exot. 36 (Jungermannia).

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

The specimens agree with those gathered -by Menzies, and are of the same brown
colour. The distinction between S. densifolia and its congeners may be thus stated:—
S. densifolia. Hook., lobis foliorum apice integris rarius emarginatis.' — S. vertehralis,
Tayl., lobis apice exsectis. — S. chloroleuca. Hook. f. et Tayl., lobis apice bifidis.

HEPATIC^..— W. MITTEN.

35

2. Scapania clandestina, Mont. Hot. Crypt. Astrolabe, t. 16, f. 4. Balan-
tiopsis incrassata, Mitt, in Journ. Soc. Linn. xv. 197.

Hill N.W. of Mt. Crozier, in very small quantity with J. cylindriforniis, Eaton.

The stems of this small plant are about inch high, and with the leaves line
wide. Leaves firm, with small round cells ; lobes unequal and differing in their
direction, the dorsal patent, the ventral nearly twice as large and divergent. In the
Kerguelen specimens the space Ijetween the lobes is keeled and curved, and both
the lobes are denticulate, except the superior edge of the ventral lol)e which is only
denticulate towards the apex, and like that of tlie dorsal lobe is terminated by two
larger teeth (henoe bidentato, with a small rounded sinus). In this particular they
nearly resemble the leaves of Lalantiopsis diplophylla and B. erinacea, Tayl.
(Scapania), but differ in their dense arcolation. No authentic specimen has been
seen of S. clandestina, Mont., but the figure quoted agrees except in the arcuation
of the Carina. A single stem picked from a tuft of Aneura from New Zealand has
the lobes more nearly equal, the carina straight, very much longer, and all the
marginal teeth more spiniform ; it is probalde as suspected in the Synopsis Hepati-
carum, that the 2)lant in a complete state would be different from the imperfect
specimens yet seen.- This species departs from S. densfoUa and its allies in the
leaves being carinate, and thus corresponds to Martinellia ; it has, however, the apices
of its leaves bedentate, wliich give it a different look from any of the species referred
to that genus.

1. CGSia atrocapilla, Mook.f. et Tayl. El. Antarct. 423.

Foul haven, on clay banks. Hooker; in small blackish patches closely inter-
woven, Moseley.

From the examination of some branches of the specimens collected by Hr.
Hooker it appears that fertile shoots would have their upper leaves nearly or
quite oiitu-e and nearly orbicular in form.

1. Lembidium ventrosum, Mitt, in Journ. Soc. Linn. XV., 69. Caulis
humilis, late compacteque csespitosus, ascendens vel erect us, arcuatus, crassus, ra-
mosus, innovationibus flagelliformibus ex amphigastriorum angulis emittens. Folia
inferiora remota, superioi’a majora, insertione fere verticalia, patentia, apicem caulis
versus imhricata, rotundata, profunde concava, apicc rotundata sinuve subindistincto
subretusa, cellulis parvis parietibus angustis areolata. Amphigastria parva, cauli
appressa, subtriangulari-ovata, apico subemarginata. Perianthium in ramo supeme
valde incrassato, foliis amphigastrioque involuoralibus convolutis ovatis apice brevi-
ter bitri-denticulatis, trigonum, ovatum, apice plicatum, ore laciniis conniventibus
denticulatis obtusum.

Hill N.W. of Mt. Crozier, in dense tufts on the earth, with capsules just rising,
Eaton.

In extensive brownish olive-green patches. Stems about 4 lines high, with the
leaves scarcely ^ lino wide, closely congested and cohering with very slender

E 2

36

BOTANY OF KEEGUELEN ISLAND.

hyaline rootlets. Perianth large for the size of the plant, arising from the apex of
a thickened branch ; apex obtuse before the egress of the rather large spherical
capsule, hut afterwards suh-truncate. Spores minute, round, smooth, brown,
accompanied by fusiform moniliate fibres.

L. nutans, Hooh. f. et Tmjl. FI. Nov. Zeald. ICO, t. 65, f. 8, is a larger species,
and appeared by itself different from any genus that has been described, whereas L.
ventrosum resembles the Jungerniannia Francisci of Hooker’s Brit. Jungermannise,
t. 49, a species which also produces thickly fleshy stolons, is irregular in the emar-
gination of its leaves, has the same kind of stipules as well as perianth, and
is therefore a species of Lembidium. How this genus or group of species may he
distinguished from the CepMlozia of Dumortier must remain for examination.

Tab. III., Pig. viii. ; 1, plant of nat. size ; 2, portion of stem with leaves and
stipules ; 3, perianth and involucral leaves on lateral branch ; — all magnified.

1. Herpocladium fissum, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soo. XV., 69. Oaulis per-
pusillus, firmus, crassiusculus. Folia alterna, patentia, ovata, ohtusa, apice incurva,
sinu parvo acuto hreviter acute hidentata, concava, hasi utroque caulem ad medium
diametrum tegentia, margine dorsali interdum flexura sinuata rarius unidontata,
cellulis densis ohscuris areolata. Amphigastria foliis similia, patula divaricatave,
apice ohtusa, integra.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

Stems 3^ lines long, with the leaves line wide. The entire plant almost
black.

Tab. III., Fig. ix. ; 1, plant of nat. size; 2, portion of stem, with leaves and
stipule from the dorsal side ; 3, lateral view of leaf and spreading stipule ; 4, leaf
detached and expanded ; — all magnified.

1. Tylimanthus viridis, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soo. XV., 197. Humilis.
Caulis erectus ascendensve, apice decurvus, suhsimplex. Folia distiche expansa,
ohlongo-quadrata, apice oblique sinu lato suhtruncato-hilohata ; lohis ohtusis, dor-
sali majore apicem versus interdum subdentatis, cellulis parvis rotundatis limitihus
pclluoidis areolata.

Boyal Sound, and hiU N.W. of Mount Crozier, all barren, Faton.

Stems i- inch high, green, with the leaves scarcely 2 lines wide. Leaves green,
frequently convex from the recurvation of the margin. This nearly resembles T.
tenellus, Tayl. ( Gymnanthe) from Tasmania, but it seems to be a smaller species.

Tab. III., Fig. x. ; 1, plant of nat. size ; 2, portion of stem with leaves
enlarged.

1. Marsupidium excisum, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soo. XV., 69. Caulis pri-
marius repens, exindo ascendens, pallidus. Folia inferiora minora, deinde superiore
minora, omnia ohlongo-quadrata, concava, sinu obtuso hidentata, integerrima suh-
crenatave, lohis latis aoutis incurvis, cellulis protuberantihus paprdosa.

Boyal Sound, with. Acrocladiim politum and Fogonatum alpinum, barren, Eaton.

HEPATICiE. — W. MITTEN.

37

Primary stems of the same colour as the leaves, fleshy, obscure, creeping ; from
these arise erect or ascending simple or branched shoots, which are arcuate, their
points attenuated and decurved. The leaves where largest are about | line long,
and when flattened of the same width, of a pale obscure olive-green ; bases not
decun-ent ; insertion variable but generally oblique ; margins entire, or obtusely sub-
crenate ; arcolation of hexagonal or rounded cells with thin walls, enclosing a few
green granules and projecting on both surfaces, but most on the external, as hyaline
papulae. Papula: of the same kind are also present on the younger stems,
but less prominent.

No kind of inflorescence has been seen on this species, and its location here is
conjectured from its having the same habit as M. KnUjhtii, from New Zealand.

Tab. III., Pig. xi. ; 1, plant of nat. size ; 2, part of stem with leaves ; 3, cells
from middle of leaf ; both magnified.

1. Fossombronia australis, 3IUt. in Joum. Soc. Linn. Caulis
ccespitosus, prostratus vel ascendens, arcuatus, radiccUis purpureis. Polia sub-
quadrata, angulata, margine flexuosa, antice incurva. Perianthium turbinatum,
margine flexuosum, angulatum, semina rotunda limbo hyalino lievia.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley. Royal Sound, and near Vulcan Cove, with young
capsules, Eaton. (Heard Island, Moseley).

Some of the specimens are very large, with arcuate stems more than an inch
long, producing many pm-ple rootlets. The leaves are 1 line long by about wide,
green, with pellucid cells.

2. Fossombronia pusilla, Linn.

Christmas Harbour, amongst moss. Hooker.

1. Noteroclada porpbyrorhiza, Nees ; N. confluens, El. Antarct. 446, t.
161, f. 7.

Christmas Harbour, on moist banks. Hooker.

1. Sympbogyna podopbylla, Thunb. ( Jungermannia) ; Goitsclie, Lindenh.
et Nees Syn. Hepat. 481.

Near Vulcan Cove ; Royal Sound ; hill N.W. of Mount Crozier ; all without
fructification, Eaton.

1. Aneura multiflda, Linn. (Jungermannia).

West side of Swain’s Bay, on boggy ground, and near Vulcan Cove, all barren,
Eaton.

2. Aneura pinguis, LAnn. (Jungermannia).

West side of Swain’s Bay, small and barren, Eaton.

1. Marchantia polymorpha, Linn.

Christmas Harbour ; Hooker, Moseley ; Royal Sound and Swain’s Bay, Eaton.

All the specimens produce scyphi, but are otherwise barren.

38

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Y .—Lichens.

By the Eev. J. M. Crombie, F.L.S.

The first record that we can find of the Lichen-flora of this remote island, is con-
tained in a preliminary account of the Antarctic Lichens collected by Dr. J. D.
Hooker * during the voyage of the “Erebus” and “Terror,” which was published
by him and Dr. Thomas Taylor in the “London Journal of Botany” (1844),
Tol. iii. pp. 034-058. The Kerguelen Island lichens there enumerated amount in
number to 17 species, named by Dr. Taylor ; hut at least one half of the names
attributed to them ai-e misapiilicd, and therefore must he excluded, owing chiefly to
the determinations having been attempted in the absence of such microscopical
analysis of the specimens as is now found to be essential for their discrimination.
The number was subsequently raised to 27 species and varieties, when the list was
revised by the Rev. Churchill Bahington for publication in Dr. Hooker’s “Flora
Antarctica ” (1847), vol. ii. pp. 619-642. A considerable proportion of the names
in this later list must however he rejected for the same reason as those erased from
the previous one. Unfortunately authentic examples of several of Dr. Taylor’s
critical species are wanting in the Kew Herbarium ; f and his collection (now in
the Herbarium of the Boston Society of Natural History), according to Professor
Edw. Tuckerman, contains very little that is illustrative of his Kerguelen Island
determinations. I have lately published a further revision of the Kerguelen Island
Lichens coUeoted by Dr. Hooker, in the “ Journal of Botany ” for April 1877,
wherein the number of the species is reckoned to he 18 or 19 besides 2 named
forms.

Mr. Moseley of the Challenger Expedition gathered in this island upwards of
13 species and 1 named form. {Vide Crombie in Jorn-n. Linn. Soe. Bot. 1877.)

Dr. Kidder of the American Transit of Venus Expedition collected in the
vicinage of Molloy Point 13 or 14 species and 1 named form. These ndth others
from the Taylor collection are specified by Prof. Ed. Tuckerman in Bulletin U.S.
Nat. Mus. No. 3 (1870), and are noticed by me in the “ Journal of Botany ” for
April 1877.

The collection made by Mr. Eaton between tjio end of October 1874 and the end
of February 1876, in the district immediately to the westward of Dr. Kidder’s
station, comprises 50 or 51 species and 9 named forms. Of these about 30 were

* One (or more) species of Lichens was obtained in Kerguelen Island in 1776 by Mr. Anderson, the
Surgeon and Naturalist who accompanied Captain Cook. — A. E. E.

I Dr. Taylor died shortly after the publication of his first rough determination of the Antarctic Lichens,
and it was impossible to recover from the heap of his unarranged materials, which were in a confused state,
all of the specimens which should have been returned. 1 strongly suspect, from the state of his notes sent
to me from time to time, that he did not attend sufficiently to localities, and that some of the specimens in
the Herbarium labelled ns from Kerguelen Island did not come from that island. — J. D. II.

LICHENS.—.!. M. CEOMBIE.

39

doscribed as new species referred to known genera, in the Journal of Botany for
November 1875 and January 1876, and again with fuller diagnoses with which
Dr. Nylander (who most kindly assisted me in their determination) favoured me
ill the Journal of the Linnsean Society (Botany) for July 1870. Though several of
the new species hear a superficial resemblance to some of our northern lichens, yet
on analysis they arc found to bo quite distinct, and for the most part are peculiar
to Kerguelen Island.

The results obtained by the German Transit of Venus and Surveying Expedition
at Betsy Cove, are not yet published.

The total number of species obtained from the island is 61, and 10 varieties.
Traces of a few other species exist in the various collections, consisting either of
sterile thalli or undeveloped apothecia which are necessarily indeterminable.

1. Licllina antarctica, Cromb. in Journ. Bot. v. 21 (1870) ; et in Jouni.
Linn. Soc. xv. 181.

Observatory Bay, on dry rocks near the sea, Eaton.

1. Amphidium molybdoplilacum, Nyl. in Journ. Bot. iv. 333 (1875)
(errono molybdophoeum) ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 181, et in Journ.
Bot. vi. 103, 106. Lecanora melanasi^is, Bab. in Elor. Antarct. 530 {excl. Syn.
L. dichroa) Pannaria glaucella, Tuckerm. in Bull. TJ. S. Nat. 3Ius. iii. 28.

On earth and stones, Christmas Harbour, Eoolcer ; on stones in wet places,
Swain’s Harbour, Eaton ; Molloy Point, Kidder.

1. Stereocaulon cymosum, Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 182, et in
Journ. Bot. vi. 103. S. corallinum, Jlook.f. et Tayl. Elor. Antarct. 528.

On rocks, altitude 6-1200 feet, Christmas Harbour, LEooker, Moseley ; top of a
hdl on west side of Carpenter’s Cove, barren. Smith Dorien [Eaton).

1. Cladonia flmbriata, lloffm. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 182.
C. pyxidata, Linn.; Tuckerm. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, October 1875, et Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus. 3, 29.

Dry slopes, Swain’s and Observatory Bays, Eaton ; Molloy Point, Kidder.

Vah. costata. Elk. Observatory Bay, Molloy.

2. Cladonia cormita, Linn. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1877.

Kerguelen Island, Ifoseley.

3. Cladonia acuminata, Ach. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 182. C.
phyllophora, Tayl.

Christmas Harbour, Kooker ; observatory Bay, common, but sparingly fertile,
Eaton.

1. Neuopogon melaxantbus, Ach. (Usnea) ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XV. 182; et in Jown. Bot. vi. 103, 106 (1877). TJsnea sulphurea. Mull.;
Tuckerm. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 1875, et in Bull. E. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 27.
Eamalina scopulorum e, Ilook.f. et Tayl. Elor. Antarct. 522.

40

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Rooks and boulders, Cliristmas Harbour, Anderson, Hooker; on tbe upper
slopes and tops of bills, Eaton.

Vab. soeediifer, Cromh. 1. c. Common at all altitudes, Eaton.

Vab. ciliata, Nyl. Crombie, 1. c. Obserratoiy Bay, Eaton.

2. N. Taylori, Hook. f. ; Flor. Antarct. 521, t. 195, Fig. i. (Usnea) ; Cromh.
in Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 183, et in Journ. Lot. vi. 103 (1877).

Rocks ascending to 1,200 feet; Christmas Harbour, iZbofer, Jfosefey ; Swain’s
Bay and Carpenter’s Cove (but not near Observatory Bay), .Eafow Molloy Point,
Kidder.

1. Parmelia stygioid.es, Nyl. ; Cromh. in Journ. Lot. iv. 333 (1875), et in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xy. 183.

Dry rocks and stony slopes, Swain’s Bay, Eaton.

1. Peltigera rufescens, var. spuria, DC.; Cromh. in- Journ. Linn. Soc. xv.
183 ; Journ. Bot. vi. 103. Peltidea venosa, Hook.f. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. 525.

On wet moss, &c., Christmas Harbour, Hooker ; Swain’s Bay, Eaton.

2. Peltigera polydactyla, forma uymenina, Aoh.; Cromh. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xv. 183. P. polydactyla, P7or. Antarct. 521. P. horizontalis, Aoh.;
Flor. Antarct. l.c. 525.

Amongst moss, &c., Christmas Harbour, Hooker ; Obseiwatory Bay, Eaton.

1. Pannaria dichroa. Hook. f. et Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 643 ;
Cromh. in Journ. Bot. vi. 106 (1877), et in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. P. Taylori,
Tiwkerin. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cliih, October 1875, et in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 28.
P. placodicopsis, Nyl. in Journ. Bot. iv. 331 (1875) ; Cromh. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv.
183. Lecanora melanaspis, Ach. ; Hook. f. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. 536.

On rocks, Christmas Harbour, Hooker, Moseley ; Observatory Bay, sparingly,
Eaton; Molloy Point, Kidder.

2. Pannaria obscurior, Nyl. ; Cromh. in Journ. Bot. iv. 334 (1875), et in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 183.

On decayed moss. Observatory Bay, Eaton.

1. Psoroma hirsutulum, Nyl. ; Cromh. in Journ. Bot. iv. 333 (1875), et
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 184.

On moss and dead stems of Accena, very local, Observatory Bay, Eato;i.

1. Lecanora (Placopsis) gelida, Linn. ; Flor. Antarct. ii. 535 ; Tuckerm.
in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, Oct. 1875, et in Bull. JJ. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 29; Cromh.
in Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 184, et in Journ. Bot. vi. 104, 106 (1877).

On stones, Christmas Harbour, Hooker; Observatory Bay, Eaton; Molloy
Point, Kidder.

Var. viTELLiNA, Bah. in Flor. Antarct. 1. c. ; Cromh. 1. c. Christmas Harbour,
Hooker, Moseley.

Var. LATEEITIA, Nyl. ; Cromh. 1. c. Placodium bicolor, Tuckerm. 1. c. Christ-
mas Harbour, Hooker, Moseley. Swain’s Bay and Royal Sound, Eaton.

LICHENS.— J. M. CROMBIE.

41

2. Lecanora (Placopsis) macropthalma, Hook. f. et Tayl. in Lond.
Journ. Jiot. iii. COO (Urceolaria) ; Tuokerm. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Chih, 1876,
et in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mas. 3, 29 ; Cromh. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 186 and xvi., et
in Journ. Bot. vi. 104.

On stones in moist places, Hooker, Eaton, &c.

Lecanora (Pl.a.CODIUm) elegans, Ach.; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv.
184, et in Journ. Bot. vi. 104 (1877) ; Tuckerm. in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 28.
L. muroi'um, var. 0, Flor. Antarcl. 535.

On rocks and stones, Christmas Harbour, Hooker; Observatory and Swain’s
Bays, Eaton.

Var. LUCENS, Nyl. ; Cronih. 1. c. On dead stems of Acccna, and Brinylea, Ob-
servatory Bay, Eaton.

4. Lecanora subunicolor, Nyl . ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. v. 19 (1876), et
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 184.

On rocks. Royal Sound, very sparingly, Eaton.

5. Lecanora vitellinella, Nyl. ,- Cromb. in Journ. Bot. iv. 334 (1876), et
vi. 104 (1877), et in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 184. L. catidclaria, Hc/i. ; Flor Antarcl.

537.

Maritime rocks, Christmas Harbour, Hooker; Observatory and Swain’s Bays,
Eaton.

6. Lecanora cypbelliformis, Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi.

Christmas Harbour, Moseley.

7. Lecanora diphyella, Nyl. ; Cromh. in Journ. Bot. V. 21, et in Journ.
Jjinn. Soc. xv. 184.

On rocks at low elevations, Oliservatory Bay, Eaton.

8. Lecanora atro-caesia, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. iv. 334 (1875), et
vi. 104 (1877), et in Journ. lAnn. Soc. xv. 185. L. confluons. Hook. f. et Tayl.
in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. C30. L. alljo-ccErulescans, Ach. ? Bab. in Flor. Antarct.

538.

Rocks at Christmas Harbour, Hooker ; Observatory Bay and stony slopes at
Volage Bay, plentiful, Eaton.

9. Lecanora brocella, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. v. 21 (187C), et vi. 104
(1877), et in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 185.

On dead moss, &c., Christmas Harbour, Hooker ; Observatory Bay, Eaton.

10. Lecanora umbrina, Ach. ; Cromb. in Joum. Linn. Soc. XV. 185.

On dead plants. Observatory Bay, Eaton.

11. Lecanora kergueliensis, Nyl.; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. vi. 106
(1877). TJrcoolina kergueliensis, Tuckerm. in Bull. E. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 29.

Rocks at Molloy Point, Kidder.

12. Lecanora sublutescens, Nyl.; Cromb. in Journ. Bot.\. 21 (1876),
et in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 186.

42

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

On a shaded sea cliff near Observatory Bay, colouring the rock, Eaton.

[L. ciTiiiNA, Acli., L. BBYTUBOCAEPA, Fi\, and L. Hageni, Ach., enumerated in
the Flora Antarctica, 530, from very imperfect materials, are too doubtful to he
enumerated.]

1. Portusaria pGrrimosa, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 186 ;
JJof. vi. 104. P. communis, 2) C. ; Flor. Antarct. ? Lecanora tartarea,

Ach. ; Flor. Antarct. 530.

On rocks, Christmas Harbour, Eoohev ; Observatory and Swain’s Bays, Eaton.

2. Pertusaria subferruginosa, Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 186.

On rocks. Observatory Bay, Eaton.

3. Pertusaria cineraria, Nyt. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 186.

On rocks, Volage and Swain’s Bays, Eaton.

1. Lecidea variatula, Nyl.; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 186.

On dead stems of Accena, Observatory Bay, Eaton.

2. Lecidea inundata, Fr.; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. vi. 106 (1877). Biatora
rubella, Ehrh.; Tucherm. in Bull. Z7. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 29.

Molloy Point, Kidder.

3. Lecidea assimilata, iVyf. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 187, ef in
Journ. Bot. vi. 104. L. aromatica Ach. in parte Flor. Antarct. 538.

Christmas Harbour, Eooker ; Observatory Bay in tiu’f, Eaton.

4. Lecidea aromatica, Ach. Nyt. in Journ. Bot. vi. 104 (1877). Flor.
Antarct. 538.

Christmas Harbour, Eooker.

5. Lecidea enteroleuca. Fries? ; Tuckerm. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, Oct.
1875, et in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 30. Cromb. in Bot. Journ. vi. 100 (1877).

On dead grasses, Molloy Points, Kidder.

6. Lecidea assentiens, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. iv. 331, el vi. 105
(1877), et in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 187. L. contigua var. hydrophila, Bab. in Flor.
Antarct. 538.

On rocks, Christmas Harbour, Hooker ; Observatory Bay, Eaton.

7. Lecidea intersita, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 187.

On rocks. Observatory Bay, very sparingly ; also ? one mile N.W. of Mount
Crozier, Eaton.

8. Lecidea pbseostoma, Nyl. Cromb. in Journ. Bot. iv. 334 (1875), et in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 187.

On stones and bare soil. Observatory Bay, sparingly, Eaton.

9. Lecidea amylacea, Ach. ; Cromb. m Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 188 (1876),
et Journ. Bot. vi. 104. L. spilota Ach. ; Bab. in Flor. Antarct. 638. L. rivulosa,
Tayl. in Linn. Journ. Bot. iii. 030.

On rocks and stones, Christmas Harbour, Hooker ; Volage and Sw'ain’s Bays,
Eaton.

LICHENS.— J. M. CROJIBIE.

43

10. Lecidea subassentiens, Nyl. ; Cromh. in Journ. Bot. V. 21 (1876), et
in Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 188.

On rocks, Observatory Bay, very sparingly, Eaton.

11. Lecidea perusta, Nyl. ; Cromb.in Joum. Bot. iv. 334 (1875), ed vi. 105,

106 (1877), et in Journ. Linn. Soc. L. fusco-atra, ; Flor. Antarct.

539 ; Tuckerm. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, et in Bull. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 30.

On rocks, Christmas Harbour, Eooker ; Obsei’vatory Bay, Eaton ; Molloy Point,
ladder.

12. Lecidea asbolodes, Nyl; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. v. 21 (1876); et in
Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 188.

On rocks. Observatory Bay, Eaton.

13. Lecidea lygomma, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. iv. 334 (1875), et in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 189.

On rocks. Observatory Bay, Eaton.

14. Lecidea subcontinua, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 189, et in
Journ. Bot. vi. 104, 106 (1877). Urccolaria endoclilora, in parte Flor. Antarct. 537.

On rocks and stones, Christmas Harbour, Hooker ; Swain’s Bay, Eaton.

Var. JERREA, Nyl. ; Cromb. 1. c. Swain’s Bay, Eaton.

15. Lecidea Lationi, Cromb. in Joum. Bot. iv. 33-4, 1875, et in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XV. 189.

On rocks and boulders. Observatory, Volage, and Swain’s Bays, Eaton.

16. Lecidea homalotera, Nyl. mss. Cromb in Journ. Bot. vi. 105 (1877).
Hrceolaria endoclilora, Rook.f. et Tayl. in part. Flor. Antarct. 537.

On rocks, Christmas Harbour, Hooker.

17. Lecidea disjungenda, Cromb. in Journ. Bot. vi. 106. Urccolaria
endoclilora. Hook. f. et Tayl. in part. Flor. Antarct. 537.

On rocks, Christmas Harbour, Hooker.

18. Lecidea subplana, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. iv. 334 (1875), et in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 189.

On boulders, sparingly. Observatory and Swain’s Bays, Eaton,

19. Lecidea stepbanodes, Stm, ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1877.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

20. Lecidea Dicksonii, Ac.h. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 190. L.
sincerula, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. v. 22 (1876).

On rocks, Koyal Sound, Observatory, Volage, and Swain’s Bays, Eaton,

21. Lecidea tristiuscula, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Linn, Soc. xv. 190.

On stems, Volage Bay, sparingly, Eaton.

22. Lecidea superjecta, Nyl. ; Cromb. in Journ. Unn. Soc. 1877.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

23. Lecidea myriocarpa, DC. ; Cromb. in Journ, Linn. Soc. xv. 190, et in
Journ. Bot. vi. 106 (1877). ? Buellia parasema, Tuckerm. in Bull. Torr. Bot. ’ Club,
et in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 30.

41,

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

On rocks, Swain’s Bay, sparingly, Eaton. Molloy Point, Kidder.

\ ar. ERrjiPENS, Crombie, 1. c. On dead Acwna stems. Observatory Bay (a single
specimen), Eaton.

24. Lecidea subplicata, Nyl. ; Cromh. in Jonrn. Bot. iv. 334 (1875), et in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 190.

On rocks. Observatory and Swain’s Bays, Eaton.

25. Lecidea cerebrinella, Nyl . ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. V. 22 (1876), et in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 191.

On rocks. Observatory Bay, Eaton.

26. Lecidea stellulata, Tayl. in Flor. IHbern. 118 ; Flor. Antarct. 539 ;
Tuckerm. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, et in Bull. TI. S. Nat. Mus. 30 ; Cromh. in
Journ. Bot. vi. 105 (1877).

On rocks, Christmas Harbour, Hooker ; near ilolloy Point, Kidder.

27. Lecidea geograpbica, Linn. ; Cromh. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 191, et

in Journ. Bot. Yi.lOh (1877). L. geograpbica, ««;■. urecolata, ; Bab. in Flor.

Antarct. 539. Biiellia geograpbica, Tuckerm. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, et in Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 30.

On rocks frequent, Hooker, Moseley, Eaton, Kidder.

1. Verrucaria tessellatula, Nyl.; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. iv. 335 (1875),
et in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 191.

On rocks and stones, Volage and Swain’s Bays, and (where overflown by the
tides) at Observatory Bay, Eaton.

2. Verrucaria obfuscata, Nyl.; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. v. 22 (1876), et in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 191.

On stones, bill N.IV. of Mount Crozier, Eaton.

3. Verrucaria setbiobola, Ach. ; Cromb. in journ. Linn. Soc. ILY. 193.

On rocks. Observatory Bay, Eaton.

4. Verrucaria chlorotica, Ach.; Tuckerm. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, et in
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 30. (Sagedia) ; Cromh. in Journ. Bot. vi. 106 (1877).

Molloy Point, Kidder.

5. Verrucaria prsevalesens, Nyl.; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. XV. 192.

Hocks at Observatory Bay, and ? bill N.W. of Mount Crozier {Eaton).

6. Verrucaria kerguelina, Nyl. ; Cromh. in Journ. Bot. V. 22 (1876), et
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 192.

On rocks. Observatory Bay, sparingly, Eaton.

7. Verrucaria insueta, Nyl.; Cromh. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 192.

On rocks and stones, Volage Bay, Eaton.

8. Verrucaria congestula, Stm. ; Cromh. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1877.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley.

[IsiDim oerLATUM, I. LUTESCENS, and Lepkaria plava, all enumerated in
the Flora Antarctica as doubtful, are imperfect states of Lichens.]

MARINE ALGiE.— G. DICKIE.

45

V , — Marine Alga; {exclusive of the Diutomacea;').

By G. Dickie, A.M., M.D., D.L.S., Professor of Botany in the University of

Aberdeen.

The total number of marine species of Algce known to be indigenous to Kerguelen
Island (excluding Diotonmeea;) is 71. The collections upon which this estimate is
based are those made respectively by —

Dr. Hooker (Antarctic Expedition) in the winter of 18 lO (iMay — July), chiefly
at Christmas Harbour, comprising 39 species ;

IMr. Moseley (Challenger Expedition) in the summer of 1871 (January and
February), chiefly at Christmas Harbour and the eastern coast as far as Betsy Cove,
comprising 37 species ;

Dr. Kidder (American Transit of Venus Expedition) in the spring and first part
of the summer of 187-1-5 (Sept, to Jan.) near Molloy Point, towards the entrance
of Iloyal Sound, comprising 22 species ;

And the llcv. A. E. Eaton (English Transit of Venus Expedition) in the spring
and summer of 1871-5 (Oct. 11 — Feb. 27), in the interior of Iloyal Sound (Obser-
vatory Bay) and in Swain’s Bay, comprising 53 species.

The botanical results of the German Transit of Venus and Surveying Expedition,
which was stationed for about two months at Betsy Cove, are not yet made known.

Mr. Eaton was at Observatory Bay during October, November, most of Decem-
ber, and the whole of February, during which time he made frequent use of the
grapple. In Swain’s Bay he collected Algce on nine occasions betw'ccn the 15th
and the 30th of January inclusive. Of the 63 species in his collection 11 were
obtained in Swain’s Bay, and only 32 at Observatory Bay : 21 species (probably 27
or 28, vide infra) arc common to both of the areas, 21 occurred (to Mr. Eaton) only
in Swain’s Bay, and 8 (from which 3 or 4 should be deducted, and added to the
species common to both) were collected only in Observatory Bay. The preponde-
rance of the Swain’s Bay gatherings may partly be accounted for by the distance of
Observatory Bay from the open sea. For Mr. Eaton noticed that in some very
retired parts of Swain’s Bay the components of the iVlga flora and their state of
growth were very similar to those prevailing at Observatory Bay. In advancing
from the more sheltered to more open waters ho observed considerable regularity
maintained in the rate of change proceeding in the composition of the Alga flora ;
so that it was possible, while collecting in one place, to conjecture beforehand with
tolerable accui-acy the number of additional species that would be found in other-
positions more exposed to the slight swell that enters the bay from the outer sea.
And he was of opinion that if it had been possible to have visited the coast external

16

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

to the bay, 10 or 12 species would most likely have been added to the 53 in his
collection. Judging from the number of species apparently indigenous to un-
sheltered situations which go to foi’m the 18 that arc not represented in his collec-
tion, this conjecture may have been not far from the mark.

But the advantages of situation afforded in Swain’s Bay for the growth of
various Algae absent from the almost wav'cless shores of Observation Bay woidd
have availed nothing, had it not heen for the liberality and kindness of Captain
Fairfax, ll.N., in command of II.M.S. “ Volage.” Ilaving invited Mr. Eaton to be
his guest for three weeks, he conveyed him in his gig to almost every part of
the bay that wms accessible by boat in Kerguelen Island w'eather, and sm-rendered
his cabins without reservation to the reception of buckets and specimens of all
descriptions, excluding only seals and cetacea accommodated elsewhere.

The local distribution of the S 2 iecies round the coast may be ascertained roughly
from a comparison of the constituents of the collections above mentioned. Of the
71 sjjccics, II are common to all of the collections, and 8 common to three out of
the four, making together 22 species, which may be regarded as plants generally
distributed round the island ; 14 are common to Mr. Eaton’s collection and one of
the other three, and 1 species to Dr. Hooker’s and Dr. Kidder’s, — together making
15 local plants, mostly of frequent occurrence ; 5 are common to Dr. Hooker’s
collection and Mr. Moseley’s (gathered in Christmas Harbour), and 29 are in one
of the collections only, making 34 scarce or rare species. Of the 29, there are in
Dr. Hooker’s collection 7 species, in Mr. Moseley’s 4, in Dr. Kidder’s 1, and in
IMr. Eaton’s 17.

As to their general geographical range, 20, or rather more than a quarter of
them, are found in various parts of the shores of Em-ope, and some are cosmopoli-
tan. The following 8, so far as is knowm, are peculiar to the island : — Besmarestia
clwrdcdls, Sphacelaria corymbosa and S. affinis, Melobesia kerguelena, Nitophyllum
fusco-rubrum, Epymenia variolosa, Ptilota Eatoni, and Callithamnion simile.

The following are the numbers of the species after their respective families : —

Fucaoeae, 2.
Sporochnaceee, 4.
Laminariaceae, 2.
Dictyotaceae, 2.
Chordariacea3, 3.
Ectocarpace®, 3.
Khodomelace®, 4,
Laurenciaoe®, 2.
Corallinaoe®, 3.

Sphmrococooide®, 8.
Gelidiace®, 1.
Khodymeniace®, 4.
Cryptonemiace®, 11.
Ceramiace®, 7.
Siphonace®, 3.
Hlvace®, 6.
Confervace®, 7.

Of these 16 belong to the Olive, 40 to the Red, and 15 to the Green Series.

MARINE ALG^.— G. DICKIE.

47

There are also included in the present paper, for convenience, 4 freshwater
species : — lioslrychia varja, Vaucheria Dillwynii, Viva cristata, and Frumola
jlaviatil'm.

1. D’Tlrvillea utilis, Bory ; Flor. Antarct. 454; Dickie in Journ. lAnn.
Soc. XV. 43, 198 ; Farlow in Bull. V. S. Nat. Mas. 3, 30.

On exposed rocks at and helow half-tide level, not in very sheltered situations ;
abundant. — In the Southern ocean, between lat. 45° and 55° S., reaching to lat. 05 S.
in the meridian of New Zealand (Hooker).

2. D’Urvillea Harveyi, Ilook.f. Flor. Antarct. 450, t. clxv., clxvi. ; Dickie
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 44, 198; Farlow in Bull. V. S. Nat. 3his. 3, 30.

In positions still more open than D. utilis. (Cape Horn and the Falklands.)

1. Desmarestia Rossil, Nook. f. and Nan., Flor. Antarct. 407, t. clxxii.,
clxxiii. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 44, 198.

Swain’s Bay on rocks in 3 fathoms, at the end of an island about 2 miles rvithin
the entrance of the bay, exposed to a slight swell from the open sea ; local and not
common, Eaton. (Fuegia, Falkland Islands, Heard Island, Moseley.)

2. Desmarestia chordalis, Nook./, and Nan., Flor. Antarct. 407 ; Dickie
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 44, 198.

Swain’s Bay, in 3 fathoms, with the preceding ; very local, Eaton. Christmas
Harbour, Hooker, Moseley. (Kerguelen Island only.)

A very graceful species. The fronds, upwards of 4 feet in length, are arranged
in a manner similar to those of a fern, and cause the plant, as seen in situ from a
boat, to bear a general resemblance in contour to such species as Aspidium filix-
mas.

3. Desmarestia aculeata, Lyngh. Var. media, Grec.; Nook. f. and
Nan., Flor. Antarct. 466; Dickie in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. xv. 44, 198.

Between tide-marks, Swain’s Ba.j, Eaton. Cockburn Island (7/oo7er) ; and in
North temperate and Arctic seas.)

4. Desmarestia viridis, Lamx. ; D. vimdis (and var. 0. DISTANS), Nook.,
Flor. Antarct. ii. 466 ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 44, 198 ; Farlow in Bull.
V. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 30.

Christmas Harbour, Nooker, Moseley. In 2 fathoms, Eoyal Sound and Swain’s
Bay ; common, Eaton. (Marion Island ; the Falklands ; Cape Horn ; American
coast from New York northwards; Unalaschka ; Hunde Island; W. coast of
Em’ope.)

1. Macrocystis pyrifera, ,• Flor. Awto-rf. 461, t. clxix., clxx. ; Dickie
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 44, 198 ; Farlow in Bull. V. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 30.

Abundant along rocky portions of the coast. (Antarctic Sea, from lat. 40° to
60° S. ; New Zealand; Indian Ocean; Marion Island ; Chili; California.)

1. Lessonia fuscescens, Bory. ; Flor. Antarct. 457, t. clxvii., clxviii. A.,
and clxxi. I). ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 44.

48

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

In exposed situations ; Cliristmas Harbour, rare, Hooker and Moseley. (Cliili,
Fuegia, Falkland Islands, Cockburn Island, Auckland and Campbell Islands.)

1. Asperococcus sinuosus, Roth; Flor. Antarct. ii. 468; Dickie in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 198.

Crevices of rocks between tide-marks. Observatory Bay (two very small speci-
mens), Eaton. (Widely distributed from the latitude of Spain to tlie Falklands ;
Florida ; California ; Japan.)

1. Dictyosiphon fasciculatus. Hook. f. ami Han. Flor. Antarct. Vi%.
467, t. Ixix. 1.

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. (Falkland and Auckland Islands.)

1. Adenocystis Lessonii, Hook. f. and Han. Flor. Antarct. i. 179, 468,
t. Ixix. 2 (details) ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1876, xv. 4-4, 198 ; Farloic in Bull,
r. S. Nat. Mas. 3, 30.

Between tide-marks, abundant ; scarcer but more finely grown in shallow estuaries
(there, occasionally, as much as 5 or 6 inches long) ; Christmas Harbom-, Royal
Sound, Swain’s Bay, &c. (Cape Horn; Falklands; Cockburn Island; Auckland
and Campbell Islands.)

1. Scytosiphon lomentarium, Gt'ev.; Flor. Antarct. mi {Chorda).

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. (Falkland and Auckland Islands, Pacific Ocean
to Japan and S. America ; the Atlautic from the Faroe Islands to Cadiz ; Mediter-
ranean.)

1. Fjlachista flaccida, Aresch. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 199.

On Rhodymenia palmata in very shallow water along the shore in Observatory
Ba}% Eaton. (Atlantic coasts of France and Britain; Baffin’s Bay.)

1. Ectocarpus geminatus, Hook.f. and Han. Flor. Antarct. 469; Dickie
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 44, 199.

Plentiful on Desmarestia at Christmas Harbour, Moseley. Very slender soli-
tary young plants on Annelid tubes, at 5 fathoms ; stronger and more bushy, with
trichosporangia only (but these abundant), on Mytilns at 1 fathom, and in tide
pools. Observatory Bay ; frequent in Swain’s Bay among Cladophora jlexuosa in
pools and shallow water, Eaton. (Falklands and Cape Horn.)

1. Sphacellaria corymbosa, Dickie in Journ. of Dot. V. 50 (1876), et in

.Town. Linn. Soc. xv. 199. ? S. funicularis, Mont . ; Flor. Antarct. 469 ; Farlow in

Bull. Z7. S. Nat. Mas., 3, 30 ; fronde estuposa, fills csespitosis, ramis inferne
paucis dichotomis superne subpinnatim docompositis, ramulis alternis corymbosis.

On shells of 3I;/tilus and on Annelid tubes ; Swain’s and Observatory Bays,
Eaton.

The specimens arc 2 to 3 inches long, coespitose, but without fruit. Br. Hooker’s
plant obtained at the Falklands, and Dr. Kidder’s from the vicinage of Molloy
Point in Royal Sound, are probably the same as the preceding.

2. Sphacellaria aflinis, Dickie in Journ. of Bot. V. 50 (1876), et in Journ.

JIARTNE ALG7E.— G. DICKIE.

49

Linn. Soc. xv. 199 ; filis dense cocspitosis crcctis parce didiot-omis, articulis diamctro
suba^qualilius vel panlo longioribus, tricbosporangiis solitariis oliovatis brevitcr
])cdiccllatis.

On shells of Mytilus in rather open situations ; Swain’s Bay, Eaton.

The specimens arc about inch in height, and are similar in habit to the British
S. radicans.

1. Rhodomela Hookeriana, Ag. ; Bhodomela Gaimardi Book. f. and
Ilarv. Flor. Antarct. 481, t. clxxxiv. {non Gaud.) ; Farloio in Lull. U. S'. Nat. 2Lis.
1876, 3, 30 ; Eiokie in Jouni. Linn. Soc. xv. 199.

Swain’s and Observatory Bays, frequent, Eaton; near Molloy Point, one speci-
men, Kidder. (Palklands and Puegia.)

1. Polysiphonia abscissa, Booh. f. and Ban. Flor. Antarct. 480, t.
clxxxiii. 2 ; Dickie in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. xv. 199.

Forma microearpa ; P. microcarpa, Book.f. and Bart. 4(9, t. olxxxii. 3 ; Bare.
Ner. Aust. 42.

On roots of Macrocystis, and on tubes of Annclides, in 1 to 5 fathoms. Obser-
vatory Bay, (New Zealand ; Tasmania; Fuegia).

There are two forms of this species, one of them smaller and more rigid than the
other. The P. microcarpa of the Flora Antarctica represents one of them, P.
abscissa the other.

2. Polysiphonia anisogona, Book. f. and Bai~o. Ftor. Antarct. 478, t.
clxxxii. 2 ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 44.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley. (Falklands and Fuegia, Booker.)

1. Dasya Berkeleyi, 3Iotit. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 41, et 199 (var.
3 Davisii) ; Farlow in Pull. E. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 30. Polysiphonia punicea. Book. f.
and Bare. Flor. Antarct. i. 182; (Iletcrosiphonia) Berkeleyi? var. 0 Davisii,
idem, 480.

Swain’s Bay, on the seaward sides of islands, Eaton; Boyal Sound, Kidder.
(Auckland Islands, Marion Island, Falklands, Fuegia, Chiloe.)

Mr. Eaton’s specimens belong to the var. 0 Davisii, having a habit and colour
different from those of the typical plant. There arc examples in different stages ;
but in all the ramuli are heterosiphonous.

1. Bostrychia vaga, Book. f. and Ban. Flor. Antarct. 484, pi. clxxxvi. i.
(Stictosiphonia) .

Christmas Harbour, on rocks and stones above high water mark, and in damp
places a considerable distance from the sea, abundant, Booker.

1. Delisea pulchra, Mont.; Flor. Antarct. 484; Dickie in Jmmi. Linn.
Soc. XV. 45.

Clu-istmas Harbour, Booker, Moseley. (Heard Island, S. Tasmania, W. and E.
Australia.)

1. Ptilonia magellanica, Mont. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 45, 200 ;
*« G

50

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Farlolo in Bull. TI. S. Nat. Mas. 1876, 3, 30. Plocamium? magellanicum, Book,
f. and Baro. Flor. Antarct. 474. Tliamnophora magollanica, Mont.

Claristmas Ilarboiu’, Booker, Moseley. lu tideways and on parts of islands
open to a slight swell from the outer sea, not in sheltered waters ; Swain’s Bay,
Eaton ; Boyal Sound, Kidder. (Falklands and Fuegia.)

1. Melobesia antarctica, Ag.; Biclde in Journ. Linn. (S'oe. XV. 200. M.
verrucata, Lamx ; Dickie 1. c. 45. M. verruoata, var. antarctica. Book, and Barv.
Flor. Antarct. 482.

On Ballia, ^c., Swain’s Bay, Eaton ; Christmas Harhour, Booker. (Fuegia,
Falklands, Tasmania, New Zealand, Auckland, Antarctic Seas.)

2. Melobesia lichenoides. Ell. and Sol. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv.
200 .

Swain’s Bay, common, Eaton. The only example preserved was grappled in
about 2 fathoms in a tideway between two islands, incrusting two sponges
(Microciona atrosanguinea, Bk., and Balichondria incrustans, Jtn. ; both British
species.) It is normal in habit, texture, and in the character of the keramidia, and
is very luxuriant, measuring about 3 inches square. (St. Paul’s Island, Norfolk
Island, the Mediterranean, France, Britain, Baffin’s Bay.)

3. Melobesia kerguelena, Dickie in Journ. Dot. V. 51, 1870, et in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xv. 200 ; simplex, 2J poll, diam., dnra, crassa, tantum in medio suhtus
adhoerens, suheonvexa, circumscriptione orbiculari, margine Isevi parce undulata,
keramidiis conspicuis numerosis plerumque in seriehus concentrice dispositis.

Swain’s Bay in 2-3 fathoms, with the preceding, Eaton.

Mr. Eaton has an impression that this grows upon Ballia or Ptilota, hut I
should rather he disposed to suspect that it was attached to rocks. The description
was taken from an almost complete specimen ; there are fragments of others whose
contour is less regular, probably through interference of external objects. All of
them are in colour of a very pale huff or dull yellowish hue, varied with pale red
tints.

1. Delesseria Lyallii, Book. f. and Ban. Flor. Antarct. 471, t. clxxvi;
Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 45, 200 ; Farlow in Bull. TI. S. Nat. Mus. 1870,
3, 30.

Christmas Harbour, Booker (but not seen attached), Moseley. Observatory Bay
(ill grown), and Swain’s Bay (well grown), abundant, Eaton. (Marion Island,
Falklands.)

Dr. Hooker obtaining only wrecked specimens at Christmas Harbour, was led to
suppose that this species was a resident of the exposed coast. It is however common
in the very sheltered waters of Observatory Bay, though it certainly does not thrive
there ; and it is abundant and luxuriant round the islands in Swain’s Bay, in 3-5
fathoms.

MAEINE ALGiE.— G. DICKIE.

51

2. Delesseria Davisii, Hook, f and Han., Flor. Anlarct. 470, t. clxxv. ;
Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 45, 200.

Swain’s Bay ; normal on Mytilus in sheltered places at or just below low-water
mark; varying in more open situations, Eaton. (Palklands and Euegia, Hooker.)

3. Delesseria quercifolia, Bory.; Flor. Antarct. 471; Dickie in Journ.
Linn. Soo. xv. 200.

Swain’s Bay, frequent, Eaton. (Falklands and Euegia, Hooker.)

4. Delesseria crassinervia, ; Flor. Antarct. 471; Dickie in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xv. 200.

Swain’s Bay, near the surface of the water ; Observatory Bay, only one ill-grown
example, Eaton. (Euegia, Falkland, Auckland and Campbell Islands.)

1. Nitophyllum fusco-rubrum. Hook. f. and Harv., Flor. Antarct. 472 ;
Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 45, 200; Farlow in Bull. JJ. S. Nat. 3Ius. 187G, 3,
30.

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. Abundant in open water in Swain’s Bay, not
found in slieltered places, Eaton. There is a variety in the collection with coc-
cidia. Mouth of Boyal Sound, Kidder.

2. PNitopbyllum multinerve. Hook. f. and Harv., Flor. Antarct. 473;
Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 45.

Christmas Harbour (one specimen referred to this species with doubt, Moseley).
(Falklands and Euegia, Hooker.)

3. Nitopbyllum lividum. Hook. f. and Harv., Flor. Antarct. 472, t.
clxxix. ; Farlow in Bull. Z7. S. Nat. Mus. ISiG, 3, 30; Dickie in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XV. 201.

In very sheltered water (one example only) at 6 to 10 fathoms, Swain’s Bay,
Eaton. Royal Sound, Kidder. (Falklands, Hooker.)

4. Nitopbyllum laciniatum. Hook. f. and Harv., in London Jo-urn. of
Bot. iv. 256 ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 201. N. Bonnemaisoni var.
laciniatum. Hook. f. and Harv, 1. c. 474.

Swain’s Bay, frequent, in 3 to 6 fathoms, Eaton. (EaMands and Euegia,
Hooker.)

1. Chsetangium variolosum, Mont. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 45,
201. Notogenia variolosa, Mont. ; Flor. Antarct. 487.

Clu'istmas Harbour, very abundant. Hooker, Moseley. Observatory and Swain’s
Bays, abundant between tide marks. (Euegia, Ealklands, Auckland Islands.)

1. Plocamium Hookeri, Harv. in Flor. Antarct. 474; Dickie in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xv. 45, 201.

Christmas Harbom’, Hooker, Moseley. SwauTs Bay, local, at 2 to 3 fathoms, in
situations open to a slight swell from the outer sea, Eaton. (Heard Islands,
Moseley.)

G 2

52

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

1. Rh.Odoph.yllis capensis, Katz.; Hichle in Journ. Linn. Soc. xt. 201.

Swain’s and ObserFatory Bays, sparingly, on tubes of Annelides, in 3-5 I'atboms,
Laton. (Tabic and Simon’s Bays.)

The few specimens collected by Mr. Eaton are dwarf and very narrow. They
all have the structure of the genus, and must, I think, bo referred to the above
species.

1. Rhodymenia palmata, Linn. ; Flor. Antarct. 475 ; Farlow in Lull. V.
S. Nat. 3£us. 1876, 3, 30; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 201.

Swain’s Bay and Boyal Sound, common in tide pools and shallow water ; very
luxuriant specimens. Also a dwarf form of olivaceous complexion, growing betw'een
tide marks, dry at low water, in Swain’s Bay, Eaton. (Ealkland Islands ; Euegia ;
Unalaschka; Greenland; Newfoundland; Scandinavian, British, and Trench
coasts.)

2. Rhodymenia corallina, Grev.; Flor. Antarct. 475; Farloio in Lull,
r. S. Nat. Mus. 1876, 3, 30.

On roots of Macrocystis, Christmas Harbour, rare. Hooker ; Boyal Sound,
Kidder.

1. Phyllophora cuneifolia. Hook. f. and Harv., Flor. Antarct. 486 ;
Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 201. P. Broditei, Timi. ? Flor. Antarct. 1. c. ;
Dickie 1. c.

Christmas Harbour, rare. Hooker. Swain’s Bay, rare, in very sheltered water, at
5-10 fathoms, Eaton. (Ealkland Islands.)

Professor Agardh (loc. cit.) considers with the authors of this species that it is
probably a form of P. Lrodicei.

1. Ahnfeltia plicata, Huds.; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 46, 201.
Gigartina plicata, Hook.f. and Harv., Flor. Antarct. 487.

Local, between tide marks near Observatory Bay, Eaton ; Christmas Harbour,
abundant. Hooker. (Ealkland Islands ; temperate and colder seas in the northern
hemisphere.)

1. Callophyllis variegata, Lanj. ; Dickie in Jottm. Linn. Soc. xv. 46,
201 ; Farlow in Lull. JJ. S. Nat. Ilus. 1876, 3, 31. Bhodymenia variegata {in
part), Hook.f. and Harv. Flor. Antarct. 475.

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. Swain’s and Observatory Bays, in sheltered situ-
ations, Eaton. Boyal Sound, Kidder. (Auckland Islnnds ; New Guinea; Ealk-
lands ; Euegia ; Chili ; Peru ; California.)

Mr. Eaton’s collection comprises different forms of this very variable species ; —
from Observatory Bay, on Mytilus in sheltered water, a variety with small marginal
kalidia; from Swain’s Bay var. (3 atro-sanguinea, also a narrow variety (1), torn at
the apex and proliferous ; and in addition var. y on roots of Macrocystis in very
sheltered water.

MARINE ALGiE.— G. DICKIE.

53

2. Callophyllis dicliotoma, Kntz. Eliodomenia clicliotoma, JIoolc. f. and
Uarv., Flor. Antavct. 186, t. Ixxii. 1.

Swain’s Bay, one specimen only, Faton. (Marion Island, Moseley ; Campbell
Island, Hooker.)

The specimen obtained at Kerguelen Island by Mr. Eaton lias the structure and
kalidia of Callophyllis. Tlie last are not marginal, and therefore it is not a form of
C. variegata. [This species was not mentioned in Dr. Dickie’s MS., nor in bis list in
the Linnsean Society’s Journal ; but the name and remarks were noted by him on
the sheet containing the specimen in the collection, A. E. E.]

3. Callophyllis tenera, J. Ag. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 202.

Local in very sheltered water, Swaui’s Bay, Eaton. (South Shetlands.)

1. Kallymenia dentata, Snhr. (Halymenia), Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XV. 10 {cars. a. and y), 202.

Swain’s Bay; and (at 1 fathom, of inferior growth) Observatory Buj, Eaton.
(Cape of Good Hope.)

1. Gigartina Radula, Esp. Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 46, 202 ;
Earlow in Bull. V. S. Nat. Mus. 1876, 3, 30. Iridsea Radula, Ilook. f. and Haro.,
Flor. Antarct. 485.

Christmas Darbour, Hooker. Swain’s and Observatory Bays, abundant on rocks
from low- water mark to 1 fathom or mova, Eaton. (Cape of Good Hope; New
Zealand ; Auckland and Campbell Islands ; California.)

The collection includes various forms of this species.

1. Iridsea capensis, J. Ag. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 46.

Kerguelen Island, Moseley. (Cape of Good Hope.)

2. Iridsea laminarioides, Bory. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 46.
Kerguelen Island, Moseley. (Auckland Islands, and the S. W. shores of Chili.)
Mr. Moseley’s collection contains several specimens ivhich belong, I think, to

this species.

1. Epymenia variolosa, Eutz. ; Dickie in Journ. Jjinn. Soc. xv. 45. Rho-
dymenia variolosa. Hook. f. and Haro., Flor. Antarct. 476, clxxx. ; Dickie I . o. ;
Farlow in Bull. Z7. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 30.

Christmas Harbour, Hooker. Swain’s Bay, local, Eaton. Royal Sound,
Kidder.

1. Halymenia latissima, Hook.f. and Haro., Flor. Antarct. 189, t. Ixxiii.,
1, 2 ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 202.

Swain’s and Observatory Bays ; common on rocks at low^-water mark, and on
Mytihis at 1 fathom, Eaton. (Auckland and Campbell Islands, Hooker.)

1. Ceramium rubrum, H//. ; Flor. Antarct. ■, Dickie in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XV. 46, 202. C. rubrum var. secundatum, Lyngh. ; Farlow in Bull. V. S.
Nat. Mus. 3, 31.

54

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Christmas Harbour, very abundant, Hooker. Common in Swain’s Bay, Boyal
Sound, and near Vulcan Cove, Eaton. (General in the colder seas of both hemi-
spheres.)

2. Ceramium diaphanum, J. Ag. ; Flor. Antarct. 488.

Christmas Harbom-, abundant. Hooker. (Cape of Good Hope and Atlantic
coasts of Europe.)

1. Ptilota Eatoni, Dickie in Jonrn. of Dot. v. 51, 1870; et in Joiirn. Linn.
Soo. XV. 202. ; racbide filiformi 5-6-pollicari, pinnis oppositis insequalibus, una,
luajore altornfl, minore, pinnulis pinnarum longiorum apices versus pectinatis,
reliquiis bases harum versus, coeterisque omnibus subulatis ex serie articulorum
magnorum subsimplici structis, spharosporis ad apices pinnularum subsolitariis,
favellis torminalibus, ramis involucri 4-5 pectinatis conniventibus.

Swain’s Bay, in 2 to 5 fathoms, on the side and end of a promontory and of an
island about two miles from the entrance of the bay, exposed to the tide and a slight
swell from the outer sea; very local. Usually parasitic upon .BaWia, sometimes
attached to Mytilus ; Eaton.

This species resembles T. Harveyi in the character of the involucre, but differs
from it in general habit, and in the structure of the larger and smaller piinnules. It
is also dissimilar in colour, being dull purple.

Plate V., Fig. iii. : — 1, portion of frond of nat. size ; 2, portion of stem with
young branch ; 3, apex of fully grown branch ; 4, ditto with sphaorospores ; 6, sphae-
rospores ; all much enlarged.

1. Ballia callitriclia, Ag. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 46, 202 ; Farloio
in Bull. E. S. Nat. Mus. 1876, 3, 31. Ballia Brunonis rar. 0 Hombroniana, Hook,
f. and Harv., Flor. Antarct. 488.

On Mytilus, roots of Maci'ocystis, and Annelid tubes, from tide pools down to
0 fathoms ; very common in Christmas Harbour, Swain’s Bay, and Boyal Sound.
(Falklands; Marion Island; Australia; Tasmania; New Zealand; Auckland
Islands.)

1. Callithamnion simile, Hook.f. and Harv., Flor. Antarct. 489; Dickie
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 202.

Christmas Harbour, rare. Hooker. On Mytilus, Annelid tubes, and roots of
Macrocystis, in 1 to 5 fathoms, in Observatory and Swain’s Bays ; frequent, Eaton.

2. Callithamnion Ptilota, Hook. f. and Harv., Flor. Antarct. 489, t.
clxxxix. 1 ; Farlow. in Bull. E. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 31.

Boyal Sound, Kidder. (Crozets, Hooker.)

3. Callithamnion Kothii, Lyngb. ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 203.

In tide pools and at the extreme verge of low water, on Mytilus, in Swain’s and

Observatory Bays, local, Eaton. (Atlantic shores from Greenland to Africa ; N.E.
shores of the United States.)

MARINE ALGiE.— G. DICKIE.

I can sec no essential difference between Mr. Eaton’s specimens and the plant
from the northern hemisphere. They agree in habit, and in the arrangement of tlu;
tetraspores. The articulations arc a little longer than those of British examples.

1. Codium adhserens, A<J. ; Farlow in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1870, 3, 31 ;
Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 203.

On rocks in about 2 fathoms in Observatory Bay ; frequent, Eaton. (Europe;
Cape of Good Mope ; Mauritius ; Ceylon ; Australia ; Eriendly and Loo-choo
Islands.)

2. Codium tomentosum, Stackh . ; Flor. Antarct. 491 ; Dickie in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xv., 40.

Christmas Harbour, Booker. (Tongabu ; Banda Islands ; and the colder seas
of both hemispheres).

1. Bryopsis plumosa, Grev.; Flor. Antarct. Dickie hi Journ. Linn.
Soc. XV. 203.

Dwarf or very young specimens on Annelid tubes in 5 fatlioms, Observatory
Bay, scarce, Eaton. (Greenland ; widely distributed throughout botli the tem-
perate zones, and even in some of the warmer seas).

1. Vaucheria Dillwynii, Ag. ; Flor. Antarct. ii. 492.

On the ground amongst Penguin rookeries, Christmas Harbour, Booker.

1 . XJlva latissima, Linn. ; Flor. Antarct. 499 ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XV. 47, 203 ; Farlow in Bull. B. S. Nat. Mus., 1870, 3, 31.

Christmas Harbour, very common, Booker. Royal Sound ; Swain’s Bay,
Eaton. (Widely distributed in both hemispheres.)

2. Ulva (i) cristata, Book./, and Bare. ; Flor. Antarct. 499.

In moist clefts of rocks overhanging Christmas Harbour, growing with Trgp-
othallus \_Falmodictyon, Ktz.] anastomosans, Booker.

1. Porphyra laciniata, Ag. ; Flor. Antarct. 500 ; Dickie in Journ. Linn.
Soo. XV. 40, 203.

Christmas Harbour, very abundant, Booker. Common in shallow water. Obser-
vatory Bay. (Temperate and colder seas of both hemispheres.)

2. Porphyra vulgaris, Ag. ; Flor. Antarct. ii. 500 ; Dickie in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XV. 40.

Christmas Harbour, very abundant, Booker. (Widely distributed in the northern
and southern hemispheres.)

1. Enteromorpha compressa. Link.; Flor. Antarct. 500; Dickie in
Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 40, 203.

Very abundant on rocks and in tide-pools ; Christmas Harbour, iZooAer; Royal
Sound and Swain’s Bay, Eaton. (Cosmopolitan).

2. Enteromorpha intestinalis. Link. ; Flor. Antarct. 500.

Christmas Harbour, Booker. (Cosmopolitan.)

50

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

1. Prasiola fluviatilis, Sommerfeldt, Supplein. 'FI. Lapp. 1820(tesfe Dickie
in Arctic llanual, 1876.) P. Sauteri, MenegMni MS., Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 1849, p. 473 ;
Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 203.

Oa wet rocks in tlie bed of a streamlet descending from a patch of snow, about
400 feet above the sea, on the pyramidal hill on the IV. side of Swain’s Bay.
(European Alps to 9,300 ft. ; Spitsbergen ; streams of W. Greenland.)

1. Cladophora rupestris, Linn. ; Flor. Antarct. 495 ; Dickie in Journ.
Jjinn. Soc. xv. 47.

Christmas Ilarbour, on rocks. Hooker. (General between the arctic ch’cle and
the Mediterranean; only at Kerguelen Island in the southern hemisphere).

2. Clad.Oph.Ora arcta, Kts. ; Flor. Antarct. 495 ; Dickie in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XV. 47, 203. C. Ilookeriana, Ktz. Sj). Alg., p. 418.

Very abundant on Mijtilus at low-water mark, and in shallow water. Observatory
Bay, Krtto». (Falkland Islands ; Fuegia; German and N. Atlantic Oceans ; Green-
land.)

3. Cladophora simpliciuscula. Hook. f. and Han. Flor. Ant. 496,
t. cxcii. 4, 1-3; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 203.

One very small specimen, probably very young, too imperfect to be identified
with absolute certainty, but which I think may he referred to this species, was
obtained on an Annelid tube in Observatory Bay at 5 fathoms, Eaton. (Falklands
and Fuegia, Hooker.)

4. Cladophora flexuosa, Griff ; Dickie in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 203.

In tide-pools and at 5 fathoms in Observatory and Swain’s Bays, specimens from
the deeper water are poor, Eaton. (Shores of Europe; Massachusetts Bay.)

1. Rhiozoclonium riparium, Both. ; Cladophora riparia. Hook. f. and
Llarv. Flor. Antarct. 495.

Christmas Ilarbour, Hooker. (Cumberland Sound ; British coasts, &c.)

2. Rhizocloninm ambiguum, Ktz.; Conferva amibigiia. Hook. f. and
Harv. Flor. Antarct. 494, t. cxci. 1.

Christmas Ilarbour, in the sea. Hooker.

1. Chaetomorpha Linum, Ktz. ; Conferva Linum, Both. ; Flor. Antarct.
493.

Christmas Ilarbour, on rocks near bigh-water mark, Hooker.

FRESHWATER ALGiE. — P. F. REIXSCH.

VI. — Fresh-water Algm collected by the Fev. A. E. Eaton.

AUjce aquce dulcis Insulce Kerguelensis,
auctore

Paulo Fkidemco Reinsch.

(Cum notulis de distributione geographica a G. Dickie adjectis.)

Taiito amplioros notitise de plantis simplicissima structura ao simplicissimis
organis in terris diversissimis crescentibus, quo evidentius factum agnoscitur notan-
dum : has plantas iisdem legibus non subjectas ex quibus depcndet plantarum in
systemate supciiomm diffusio in orbi. Speciemm plantarum microseopicarum
diffusio universa determinatus rationibus peculiaribus : dift'usione aeris meatus in
superficie tcrroe offecta, mobilitate levissima cellulamm propagativarum carumque
vi vital! din permanonte in .statu ipso siccato; neque minus effieitur diffusio
rationibus vitae multo simplicioribus acoommodatis ad diversissima terrae oaela.

Materia Imjus enumerationis algarum Insulae solecta a Cl. A. Eaton in exj>e-
ditione transitus Veneris in hieme 1874-5 continet numeros quatuordccim. Speei-
minum inquirendi causa ab Ilerbario Regio Kewensi milii traditorum sunt : ampul-
Inlao tres cum algis aquae dulcis in spiritu vini asservatis, decern folia cum algis
siccatis et capsula parvula cum algis siccatis. Omnia quae ampullula major con-
tinuerat : Spccimina compluria muscorum aquatilium densissime algis variis {Schi-
zosiphon Spec, nova et Nostoc Spec, var.) vestita cum singulis speciminibus
Kilcllce antarticce et Vaucherkirimi coespitulis parvulis intermixta : mibi dedit mate-
riam pro maximam partem hujus enumerationis. In hac ampullula inventae erant
81 species algarum aquEC dulcis ad 45 genera spectantes ; bamm algarum sunt
novae species 28, nova genera 3.

Omnes in liac enumeratione receptae species sunt conjunetoe in prEeparatorum
colleotione integra, nunc in Ilerbario Regio Kewensi deposita.

Instil® Kerguelensis Speciemm algarum aqu® dulcis bucusquo cognitarum
numcrus totus est lOG, numcrus generum 07.

Ab bis sunt

Diatomopbycc®
Pliycocbromopbyce®
Cbloropbyllopbycc® -
Melanopbyce® et Rbodopbyce®

21 species, 13 genera.
33 species, 18 genera.
50 species, 34 genera.
2 species, 2 genera.

Omnes Eainili® Algarum aqu® dulcis, TJlothrichaceis, Chroolepideis, Confcr-
vaceis, Sphairopleaceis exceptis, inveniuntur in Insula Kerguelensi. A Cladophoris,
Chcetophoris, Rhizocloniis nulla species est observata. In ordinem systcmatis ad-
ducta Flora Algarum aqu® dulcis Instil® bucttsqtte cognita, est b®c.

II

58

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Diatomopiitcba:.

13 genera, 21 species. (2 Spec, novae, 3 Spec, incert.)
Phtcochromophyce/'e.

Chroocoooaccte. — 5 genera, 6 species (ab liis 1 novae, 1 incerta).

Oscillariaceae. — 3 genera, 3 species (ab bis 2 novas, 1 forma nova).

Xostocliaceae. — 3 genera, 10 species (ab bis 7 novae, 1 forma nova),
llivulariaceae. — 3 genera, 5 species (ab his 2 novae, 2 formae novae).
Scytonemaceae. — 3 genera, 4 species (ab his 1 nova, 2 formae novae).
Sirosiphoniaceae. — 1 genus, 5 species (ab his 4 novae, 1 forma nova).

Chlorophyllopuyce.e.

Palmellaceae. — 7 genera, 9 species (2 novae formae).

Protococcaceae. — 4 genera, 5 species (1 genus novum, 1 species nova).
Volvocineae. — 1 genus, 1 species. (Spec, nova?)

Desmidieae. — 4 genera, 5 species (1 nova, 3 formae novae).

Zygnemeae. — 4 genera, 7 species (1 nova, 1 forma nova).

Vaucheriaceae. — 3 genein, 6 species (2 novae).

Ulvaceae. — 1 genus, 1 species.

Oedogoniaceae. — 2 genera, 6 species (2 species incertae).

Chaetophoraoeae. — 7 genera, 10 species.

a. Chaetophoreae. — 4 genera, 6 species (1 genus novum, 5 species novae,
1 forma nova).

h. Gongrosireae. — 3 genera, 4 species (1 nova).

Rhodophycea:.

1 genus, 1 species nova.

Melanopuycea:.

1 genus novum, 1 species nova.

Dl ATOMOPHYCE a; . *

1. Stauroneis goeppertiana, Bleisoh; Bahenhorst Alg. Europ. Nr. 182;
specimina kerguelenensia accuratissime consentiunt in magnitudine ac forma
cellularum cum speciminibus Silesiaois in Collect. Algar. Eabenhorst. communi-
catis. Areola transversalis in speciminibus Silesiacis pliirimis paulo est angus-

* Materiam enumerationis Diatoraacearmn in ampuUula majore reperi in singulis terrosis corpusculis
Juris radiculis Nitella antarcticcE partim adluBrentibus partim in liquore fluitantibus.

FRESHWATER ALGjE. — P. F. EEINSCH.

59

tior, — Longit. 0,0224 mm. Engl.) Latit. 0,0058 mm. Engl.) — (Distuib.

Silesia. — Considered by some authorities to be probably a form of S. dilatata, which
is widely distrihuted in Europe, G. Dickie.)

2. Stauroneis anceps, Ehrenherg ; forma linearis. Maxime consentiunt
specimina cum speeiminibus Europmis a Erlangen et a Ealaise leg. Brdbisson.—
(Distuib. Europa tota, California, Cayenne.)

3. Stauroneis Phoenicenteron, Elwenherg.—'La-a.^xi. 0,0952 mm. (Hj'"
Engl.) — (Distuib. Europa frequens, America, Persia.)

1. Aclinanthes exilis, KUtzing. Longit. 0,0224 mm. (aV" Engl.) Latit.
0,0028 mm. Engl.) In quoque latere in medio cellulai (a fronte visse) nodu-

lus singulus ; in plurimis speeiminibus Europaeis tantum in interiore latere. In
maguitudinc ac forma maxime consentiunt cum speeiminibus e Jura Franconia, e
Ilungaria, et e Falaise (Gallia).

In Vaucheriai cellulis nidulans. — (Distuib. in Europa vulgaris.)

I. Larirella diaphana, Bleisch. Longit. 0,1008 mm. (^y" Engl.) Latit.
0,0418 mm. (j)„"' Engl.) In speeiminibus singulis. — (Distuib. Silesia; an forma
S. aiilendidce in Europa vulgaris, G. Dickie.)

1. Campylodiscus, species nova; Reinsch. in. Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 205;
magnus, elbptico-ovalis, utroque polo rotundato-obtuso, costis marginalibus radi-
alibus crassis usque ad tertiam partem latitudinis supcrficieis se pertinentibus in
quoque latere 22is — 21is, areolas 21as — 22as rectangulares includentibus, area
media laevi ; frustulae a latere visse simpliciter spiraliter curvat* areolis 21is — 22is
roctangularibus instructse.— Diam. longit. 0,132 mm. {jfj,'" Engl.)— Diam. transvei-s.
0,0006 mm. (^’j- Engl.)— Costaj in 0,02 mm. (tIV" Engl.) Ires.

In speeiminibus singulis inter Schizosiphuntis kerguelensis csespites.

A Campylodiscis frustulis oblongis Campylod. Lurirella, Ehrenberg, (Abb. Ber-
lin. Acad. 1845, p. 302), uiihi tantum ex diagnosi nota, proxima species videtur.

1. Gomphonema Brebissonii, Kutzing, Spec. Alg. p. 60; Ralfs Brit.
Dtfas. p. 887. Gompli. acuminatum var. Smith. Brit. Dial. — Longit. 0,0478 mm.
{ii" Engl.) Latit. (in summo) 0,0112 mm. Engl.)— Cum speeiminibus e

lucis diversis Germaniae et Austri® et e Ealaise Gallia maxime consentiunt.

In Vaucheria; sessilis et sericece filis. — (Distuib. in Europa vulgaris, an forma
G. dichotomi? G. Dickie.)

1. Ampbiprora Spec, nova, Eeinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 205;
parva, rectangularis, subtilissime striata, medio parum constricta, utroque polo
late truncato-rotundato, lineis intermediis duabus in medio cellulse tequaliter ex-
trorsum curvatis aream mediam cruciformem laevem circumcingentibus, nodulo
singulo et in quoque latere cellulte in decussi linearum incluso et in summo utrius-
que lineaj. Longit. 0,0333 mm. Engl.) Latit. 0,0084 mm. (^.^y" Engl.)

Amph. Bockorngana Grunow : dimensionibus duplo majoribus cellulis ovato-

K 2

60

BOTANY OF KEEGUELEN ISLAND.

oblongis rotuudatis, nodulo oentrali, AmpJi. minor Gregory : dimensionibus majori-
l)us cellulis elliptico-oblongis polls rotundatis, striis radiatis diffemnt.

1. Navicula elliptica, Kutsing, var. Cocconeides ; llabenhorat, Algenjl.
Enrop. I., p. 180, dimensionibus duplo minoribus. Longit. 0,0201 — 0,0224 mm,
_,,V" Engl.) Latit. 0,013—0,0168 mm. (tst— yk'" Engl.)

In opere novissimo de Diatomaceis, Atlas der Diatomaceenkunde, Hdft II.
tab. VII., fig. 55, Navicula est delineata (e Germania) quse maxime consentit in
forma, magnitudine, ac struotura cellula; cum plantula Kerguelensis. — (Disteib.
in Europa froquens, Java, Nova Zelandia.)

2. Navicula dicephala, Ehrenberg. Longit. 0,0248 mm. (^V" Engl.)

Si>ecimina ad formam pertinent sunimis capituliformibus distinctius disjunctis.

— (Distbib. Europa).

3. Navicula minutissima, Grunow. E. minimis cellularis lineari-oblongis,
nodulo medio et linea longitudinali distinota, indistincte transversaliter striatis. —
Longit. 0,0112 mm. (y|,j"' Engl.) Latit. 0,0028 mm. (yiy"' Engl.)

llsec Navicula in speciminibus numerosis in massa ex Diatomaceis exstitiita ;
non sine dubio Navicula kerguelensis ad banc speciem est posito.— (Distrib.
Europa orientalis.)

4. Naviculse Spec. Cellulis lanceolatis apicibus capituliformibus porrectis,
nodulo centra]! et linea media indistincta, marginibus distincte striatis striis ad
mediam non pertinentibus. Longit. 0,0278 mm. (yV'" Engl.) Latit. 0,0056 mm.
(s) Engl.)

1. Amphora gracilis, Ehrenberg. Longit. 0,0357 mm. ( J/" Engl.) Latit.
0,0190 mm. (yj-u Engl.) Cellubc ovato-ovales apicibus truncatis, nodulis circa
tertiam partem diametri transversalis a margine distantibus, areola media subtiliter
longitudinaliter striato. Specimina a Falaiso (Gallia) et e Germania consentiunt in
magnitudine ac forma oellularum. Amphorce gracilis in Scbmidt Atlas d. Diato-
maceenkunde, vii. fasc. tab. 20, fig. 101, cellulse, quae ad Amphoram angnstaui
Ehrenberg pertinent, graciliores et apicibus attenuatis. — (Disteib. Europa, Mexico,
et in Kurdistania fossilis.)

1. Pinnularia viridula, Smith Brit. Eiatom. 57, tab. xviii. fig. 179;
Rabenh. Eur. Alg. i. p- 214. Eorma apicibus subito attenuatis, striis transversa-
libus lineam mediam attingentibus distinctissimis. Longit. 0,0357mm. (yV "'
Engl.) Latit. 0,0123mm. (y’^'" Engl.)

riantulse Ealaise (A. de Brebisson, leg.) et plantute Erlangensis in magnitudine
consentiunt, sed differunt polis sensim attenuatis striis subtilioribus. (Disteib.
Europa, America.)

2. Pinnularia viridis, Ehrenberg. Longit. 0,0648mm. (yV" Engl.) Latit.
0 013mm. (yly'" Engl.) Specimina paulo minora speciminibus form® apud Erlau-
gam communis. (Disteib. Europa, America, Persia.)

3. Pinnularige species ; cellulis ovato-elliptiois, polis rotundatis, nodulo cen-

FRESHWATER ALGiE.— P. F. REINSCH.

61

trali firmo, striis transversalibus distinctis lineam mcdiam attingcntibus. Longit.
0,0168 — 0,0196mm. — tIV Latit. 0,0081mm.

1 . Pinnularise species ; cellulis late ovato-ellipticis, polis subito angustatis
apioibus rotundatis, nodulo centrali firmo striis transversalibus distinctis lineam
median! attingcntibus. Longit. 0,022tmm. (r,V” Engl-) Latit. 0,0112mm. (j-ff.-/"
Engl.)

1. Synedra Vaucherise, KUtzing. ; forma apicibus obtusis. Longit.
0, 0118mm. (yV"’ Engl.) Latit. 0,0028 — 0,0056mm. (y-J-y — Engl.)

Individua breviter stipitata basi radiatim conjuncta in Schizosiphonte hercjue-
lensi, et in Vaucherice cellulis. (Distrib. in Europa frequens.)

1. Eunotia pectinalis, Billioyn. Longit. 0,100mm. (tjV" Engl.). Latit.
0,0393mm. (,,V"' Engl.) (Distrib. in Europa vulgaris.)

1. Denticula thermalis, Kiitzing., var. minor. Longit. 0,0168mm. (-^1,^"'
Engl.) Latit. 0,0056mm. ( 3 -fir"' Engl.) Celluloe in qiioque latere 9is nodulis in-
structoe. (Distrib. Aquis calidis Galliae, Ilungarise, et Italirn.)

1. Cymbella gastroides, Ehrenberg. Longit. 0,0121mm. Engl.)

Latit. 0,013mm. {-xW" Engl.)

Specimina minora speciminibus e locis variis Germanise. (Distrib. Per totam
Europam.)

PnYCOCIIROMOI’IlYCE.E.

1. Cbroococcus macrococcus, Rabenh., Alg. El. Eur. i. p. 33. Proto-
coccus macrocoocus, Katz., Tab. Fhgc. i. tab. 2. Forma cytiodermate tenuiore,
cytioplasmatc grossius granuloso.

Formam typicam tantummodo observavi in familia singula tricellulari inter
al"as unicellulares Eormoaiphonti adhscrentes. Diam. cellular, indivis. 0,0178mm.
(j 5 Engl.)

Formam in familiis singulis l)i- et tricellulanbus in massis minoribus algarum
vaiiarum foliis muscorum adba-rentibus observavi. Ilsec forma pertinet ad formam
Chr. niacrococci= Chroococcus aureus, Kiitz., Tab. Phyc. ii. tab. 2, Chrooc. macrococc.
Eabenb., var. ; oytioplasmatis cellularum colorem nunc pallide-flavum in statu
vivente cellulae fuisse aureo-lutcum non dubito. (Distrib. Europa tota.)

1. Microcystis olivacea, Katz., Tab. Pkyc. i. tab. 9. Diam. cellular.

0,0011mm. Engl.) Diam. famil. 0,066— 0,0896mm. (^'y — j'j'" Engl.)

Observavi tantum familias singulas inter alias algas unicellulares musois adhae-
rentes. In coloro quoque obscure olivacco cum specim. Europseis consentit.
(Distrib. Germania.)

2. Microcystis parasitica, Kutz., Tab. Phyc. i. tab. 9, fig. 1 .

In pliyseumatum structura, magnitudine ac colore cellularum cum speciminibus
Europieis ct cum icone Kiitzingiana maxime conseutiens. Physeumata minora et
majora, partim coliaerentia in Nitellce antarcticcc cellulis affixa.

62

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Diam. cellular. 0,003mm. Eugl.) Diam.pliyseumatum 0,0278 — 0,112mm.
(tV — tV'" Engl.) (Distrib. Europa.)

1. Glooethece involuta, Beinsch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 206; thallo non

limitato inter algas minores disperse ; cellulis oblongo-cyclindricis utroque polo
rotundatis, diametro transversal! duplo longioribus, singulis aut geminis, tegumentis
biiiis orassissimis distincte plurilamellosis circumvelatis, cytioplasmate pallide-
ajrugineo subtiliter granuloso, plerumque granulo singulo majore instructo.
Longit. cellular, (c. indum. exter.) 0,0278 — 0,0333mm. (Jy — Engl.) Longit.
cellular, (c. indum. inter.) 0,0248 — 0,0278mm. — ,y'' Engl.) Longit. cellul.

(sine indum.) 0,0112 — 0,013mm. — ttt ' Engl.)

Inter algas minores muscis aquaticis insidentes. Hsec Glocethece aliqua simi-
litudine consentit cum G. monococca, Eabenli, El. Eur. i. p. 62= Glowcapsa
monococca, Kiitz., Tab. Phyc. i. tab. 23, itidem reperta plerumque in statu uni- et
bicellulari ; qum species nova attamen est divcrsa indumenti structura valde distincte
lamcllosa et cellulis longioribus a Gloceth. monococca, cujus integumentum semper
est structura liomogenea.

2. Glooecapsa magna, KUtz., Tab. Phyc. i. tab. 22, flg. 7.

Cellulte singulae et gemin® splimricee colore intensive mrugineo-viridi densissime
posit®, physeumata spb®rica plerumque coli®rentia indumento colorato velata
formantes. Cellular, diam. 0,028 — 0,0041mm. — j J y'" Engl.) Diam. pliyseu-

matis 0,033 — 0,03mm. Engl.)

Inter Scytonema castaneum, Kiitz., in massis parvulis Ilormosiphonti coriaceo
adbmrentibus “ prope Vulcan Cove.” Non estmihi certissime, banc plantulam perti-
nere ad Gl. magnarn propter speoiminum observatorum minimum numerum. (Dis-
TB.IB. Europa, Greenlandia.)

1 . Anacystis marginata, IlenegUni.

E’amili® singul® quarum diameter 0,17mm. (|"' Engl.), inter Algarum massas
minores natantes. (Distrib. Europa.)

1 . Leptotlirix hyalina, Beinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 200 ; aggregata,
cffispitulos disperses et radicantes muscis aquaticis aflixas formans, tricliomatibus
byaliuis, vaginis distinctissimis crassis liyalinis, superne smpissime vacuis et in
summo apertis, ocUulis tenuissimis diametro ®qualibus, cytioplasmate punctulato.
Diam. tricliomat. 0,0028 — 0,0041mm. {jIy — ^ sW Engl.) C®spitulorum altitude,
0,084— 0,112mm. (^V— tV" Engl.)

In foliis muscorum.

Leptothrix radians, Kiitz., Tab. Phyc. ii. tab. 59, proxima species distinguitur
vaginis multo angustioribus cellulis crassioribus.

1. Lyngbya major, Katz., Tab. Phyc. i. tab. 66, fig. 8 ; var. kerguelenensis ;
tricliomatibus inter alias algas dispersis subrectis, cellulis intensive ®rugineis
subtiliter distincte granulatis, diametro 8plo — lOplo brevioribus, vaginis amplis
liyalinis (interdum fuscescentibus) distincte 8-12 — lamellosis, cellubs interstialibus

FRESHWATER ALGiE P. F. REINSCH.

e,3

nullis. Diam. tricliomat. (c.vagin.), 0,0301— 0,0148mm. iV'" Engl.) Vaginar.

crassitude, 0,0081 0,0112mm. — tW" Engl.) Diam. cellular. 0,0196 —

0. 0221mm. (^{(j — .jj Engl.) Tricliomatum longitude 8 — 15mm.

Inter alias algas natantes et affixas in disporsis trichomatibus. (Disteib.

1. majoris in Europa orientali.)

Hujus formas cellulse ccllulis interstitialibus non interruptsB cylindrum con-
tinuum formant, diametro tricliomatum apicem versus non decrescente, ultima
cellula late rotundata, vaginae in tricliomatum suramis utplurimum sunt apertas et
cellulis vacuae. In fere omnibus trichomatibus a me visis Microthanmii novi
elegautis plantulas observavi, quae Lynghjee sunt affixse radiculis contortis SEepe
circum circa trichoma procurrentibus.

bpeciminum formas typicas ex mari Adriatico trichomata paulo sunt crassiora,
ssepissime occurrunt cellulas interstitiales colore rubro-lutescente distinctoe ceteris
cellulis trichomatis.

1. LimnRclis HlinntulEl, Kutz.^ Tab. Phyc. a. tab. 03, Jig. 1; var. tricho-
matibus rectis sensim attenuatis margine crcnulatis, cellulis distincte separatis
diametro triplo-quadruplo brevioribus, cytioplasmate dense grossius granuloso, cellulis
summis diametro usque quadruple longioribus, hyaHnis distinctis, vaginis hyalinis,
cellulis perdurantibus sphasricis cellularum diametro asqualibus. Diam. tricho-
matum, 0,0056 — 0,0076mm. Engl.)

In Schizosiphontis kerguelenHs trichomatibus in cEespitulis parvulis usque
0,28mm. Engl.) latis. Disteib. Gallia, Germania, Dania, Suecia, Britannia.

1. Dasyactis Kunzeana, KiXtz. Diam. trichomat. 0,0056 — 0,0068mm.
(uTT — xio'" Engl.) Diam. cum vagin. 0,0112mm. (j|V" Engl.)

In physeumatibus parvulis singulis dispersis in Nitellm antarcticcB cellulis nidu-
lantibus. (Disteib. Germania.)

1. Mastigotlirix articulata, Reinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 207 ;
trichomatibus pjrolongatis subcylindricis basin versus paulo incrassatis distincte
aiticulatis, aiticulis infeiioribus indistinctioribus, superioribus loculamentis dis-
tincte disjunctis diametro suboequalibus, cytioplasmate granulis majoribus in-
structo, sporis perdurantibus obovalibus dimidio (et paulo minus) trichomatis
latitudinis sequantibus. Diam. trichom. (in basi) 0,0168mm. (y^^'" Engl.) Diam.
trichom. (in superiore parte) 0,0112mm. (y^'" Engl.)

In singulis trichomatibus partim in superticie partim in strato summo physeu-
matis Ilormosipiwntls leptosiphontis, s. n., nidulantibus observatum.

Mastigothrichifmeo, KUtzing, simillima in forma ac crassitudine tricliomatum
distinguitur : cellulis distincte articulatis cellulis perdurantibus minoribus a cellula
infima sejunctis. Ucllularum 31. fusci cytioplasma subtiliter granulosum, cellula
perdurans diametro cellularum aiquante, basi lata (interdum intus exoavata) cellulsE
infimaj trichomatis arctissime adpressa, cytioplasmate homogenco.

2. Mastigothrix seruginea, mtz. Ti-ichomata vix discemenda a sped-

64

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

minibus Eiiropoeis in tliallo Chcctophorarumoi NostochkUs nidulantibus. In singulis
trichomatibus inter Tohjpoihricliis Jlacdda;, Kiitz., casspitulos nidulantibus. In
singulis trichomatibus cellulse infcriores brcviores et indistinctius disjunctse. (Dis-
TRiB. Germania.)

6. Mastigothrix mirmta, Meinsch in Joum. Mm. Soc. xv. 207 ; tricho-
matibus distincte articulatis apicihus rectis, articulis infeidoribus dimidio latitudine
brevioribus (et paulo magis), sjioris perdurantibus obovalibus usque subspluericis
diametro dimidio trichomatis latitudinis lequante. Latit. ti’icliomatum (in basi)
0,0084— 0,0097mm. (rg-j— jati"' Engl.) Diam. sporse pordur., 0,0041mm. (^7-"'

Engl.)

Inter algas minores {Leptothrix, Coleochate) in foliis inuscomm aquatilium
insidentes.

A Mastig. mmginea, Kiitz., dimensionibus duplo magis minoribus distinota
species. In trichomatibus singulis vaginse iufuua pars paulo incrassata et lamellosa,
sed ccllula perdurans non inclusa a lamcllis.

1 . Hydrocoleum. Eatoni, Beinsch in Journ. Minn. Soc. XV. 207 ; fasciculis
liberis inter alias algas dispersis usque ad 18mms. longis in summis sensim attenu-
atis, trichomatibus olivaceo-vh-idibus (a latere visis), 8is — 12is consociatis et leviter
contortis subtilissime distincte articulatis, cellulis distinctis omnibus homogeneis,
diametro quintuple brevioribus, cytioplasmato dense punctulato, vaginis aohrois
membranaoeis duris subtihter lamellosis, trichomatum fasciculi latitudinis dimidio
crassis. Eiam. fasciculi (in medio parte) 0,050— 0,086mm. (^ig — Engl.) ;
(in summis) 0,0221— 0,0333mm. (D, — gV" Engl.) Diam. trichomatum 0,0041 —
0,0056mm. ( jJ, — sh"' Engl.) Vagin, crassitude 0,0028mm. {jij-"' Engl.)

Inter muscos aquations et aliis algis {Vaucheria, ScMzosiphon) immixtum.

Hoc Hydrocoleum consentit cum II. helmtico, Niigeli, in fasciculorum dispo-
sitione, sed differt dimensionibus fasciculorum quintuple magis majoribus, tricho-

matum divorso colorc et cellulis brevioribus.

Tah. IV. Eig. i. — 1, fasciculi media pars {^^) ; — 2, fasciculi summa pars (-^^).
Nostoc hydrOCOleoid.es, Beinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 208 ; subtil-

issimum, physeumate in modo Ilydrocoleorum tcretiformi prolongato perider-
matc distincto hyalino cincto cx trichomatibus et rectis et paulo contortis (Sis —
lOis) fasciculatim conjunctis formato, trichomatibus pallide aerugineis parallelis
leviter contortis vaginulis hyalinis velatis, cellulis vegetativis post divisioncm
diametro paulo longiorihus, cytioplasmate punctulato, cellulis perdurantibus ceteris
paulo majoribus sphaericis in trichomatibus sparsis. Diam. trichomat. 0,0022 —
0 0028mm. (-g^ — jhr" Engl.) Diam. fasciculi (in media parte) 0,0112 — 0,224mm.
(!ir-.V"Engl.) -

Inter Tolypothrix Ncegelii, Kiitz., et in massa parvula Liatomacearum tolus
muscorum aquatilium et Bitellix adhaerente.

Hmc plantula paradoxa secundum structm-am et physeumatis et trichomatum

FRESIIWATEI! ALGiE.— P. F. REINSCH.

Co

NostocMdis generis bonam speciem se ostendit. Trichomata integumento communi
flistinctissime clausa vix sunt discernenda a tricliomatihus specierum singularum.
Species unica Nostodddis generis Imcusque cognita pliyseumate filamentosa, a
ceteris speciehus pliyseumate sivc piano sive spliairico sat distincta.

Tab. IV. Fig. iv. — 1, physeumatis pars media (^-) ; — 2, pbyseumatis summa
pars, trichoma singulum usque in apicem excurrens

2. Nostoc polysaccum, Seinsch in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. xv. 208 ; pliyseumate

coriaceo irrcgulariter spboerieo et subreniformi colore subaureo-fuseo magnitudine
seminis sinapeos ad Pisi sativi, intus loculamentoso ac dissepimentis coloratis lanicl-
losis et radialitcr et transversaliter positis porcurso, peridermate firmo coriaceo
fuscescente, tricliomatihus centralibus paulo lloxuosis, cellulis sphairiois colore
pallidc olivaceo, cytiodermate distincte duplicitor striato, cellulis perdiirantibus
spliairicis ceteris cellulis paulo latioribus. Diam. cellular. 0,0011mm. Engl.)

Eiam. cellular, perdurant. 0,0050mm. Engl.) Diam. pbyseumatis, 2,5 —

3mm.

Forma (an status pcculiaris evolutionis ?). Physeumato ex tricliomatihus brevi-
oribiis vaginis amplis hyalinis liomogenis (in modo Uormosiphontia) inclusis lax-
issime coboerentibus exstituto.

Tab. IV. Fig. i. — 1, Pbyseumatis sectionis transversalis jiars usque ad peripbe-
riani pbyseumatis se pertinens, vosiciibe trichomata includentes, radialiter dispositae,
parietes vesiciilaruin subcoloratai (''f). 2, Formal pbyseumatis pars peripheria?,

sectio transversalis ; physeuina ex vesiculis numerosissimis, tricbomatibus singidis
inclusis formatum, trichomata breviora in modo Uormosiphontia indumento crasso
subliyalino inclusa (''j?). 3, Spccimina plantulai (in spiritu vini asservatai)

magnitudine natiirali.

3. Nostoc polysporum, Reinsch. in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. xv. 208; pbyseumate

spbairico magnitudine pisi minoris, indumento crasso hyalino distinctissime pluri-
lamclloso velato, tricbomatibus laxius positis subcontortis pallide airugineis, cellulis
spbacricis arotissime conjunctis, post divisionem transverse ellipticis, cellulis perdu-
rantibus numerosissimis sphacricis ceteris cellulis duplo majoribus cytiodermate
crasso. Diam. cellular. 0,0028mm. {jipf'" Engl.) Diam. cellular, perdurantiuin
0,0011— 0,0058mm. — jJ-g-'" Engl.). Diam. pbyseumatis, 3 — 4 mm.

Inter alias algas fiuitans (in paucis speciminibus observatum).

A persimilibus : N. gymnospluBricum et N. cceruleum, Kiitzing, Tab. Pbycol. ii.
tab. 3, iig. 3, i, differt mdumento plurilamelloso, cellulis perdurantibus numerosi-
oribus.

4. Nostoc species, e niinoribus, pbyseumate irrcgulariter polyedrico, textura
cartilaginca, colore rubro-fusco, tricbomatibus contortis, cellulis subspbaericis arc-
tissime adjacentibus, cellubs perdurantibus spbasricis ceteris cellulis paululo majo-
ribus cytiodermate crasso distincto. Diam. cellular. 0,003 — 0,0041mm. (^-1,,- — .
'sW' Engl.) Diam. pbyseumatis 1,8mm.

**

I

CO

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Inter Zygnemam. In a frcsliwatcr jrool, Swain’s Bay.

In textura, forma irrcgulari physcumatis minus in triciiomatum forma N. ediiU
Berkeley iicrsimilc.

Specimen uniemn oksorvatum spociem accuratius constituendam milii non
permittit.

5. Nostoc paludosum, KUts., Tab. Fhyc. ii. tab. 1, fig. 2. Spccimina
singula observata insidentia plantulis Bulhoclueteis foliis musoorum insideiitibus et
in triciiomatum crassitudinc et in cellularum forma maxime consentiunt cum speci-
rainibus Germanicis et eum icono Kiitzingiana. Biam. cellular, tricliomat. 0,0011 —
0,0018mm. — ttito ' Engl.)

Ab omnibus Nostochklis speciebus pagnitis species cellulis minimis. Distrib.
In Europa vulgaris.

G. Nostoc leptonema, Eeinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 209; pbysouma-
tibus usque semini sinapeos oequalibus spliairicis paulo elasticis arctissime con-
junctis cobasrentibus, indumento exteriore suberasso liyalino homogeneo, tricbo-
matibus prolongatis multipliciter contortis laxius (in majoribus) et densius (in
rainoribus) intricatis, cellulis oblongis polis attenuatis laxo sc adtingontibus ;
cellulis perdurantibus spluericis usque subovalibus sparsis ceteris oeUulis duplo
paulo magis majoribus. Diam. cellular. 0,0015 — 0,0021mm. (^5-5 — Engl.)
Diam. cellular, perdur. 0,005Gmm. (^-g-'" Engl.) Diam. pbysoumatis 0,2— 1,5mm.

In muscorum caulibus et foliis pliyseimiatibus coboerentibus, partim corpora
uvaeformia formans.

A Nostocliidibiis pliyseumato spliserico Nostoc aureimi, Kiitz., Tab. Pbyc. ii.
tab. 1, fig. 4 (planta marina) proximum in magnitudine et textura physcumatis ac
crassitudinc triciiomatum ; hoc Nostoc diflert triohomatibus brevissimis valde cur-
vatis cellulis perdurantibus minoribus.

Inveniuntur interdum muscorum foliis insidentia corpora ox parencliymatice
conjunctis physeumatibus varia magnitudine formata.

Eorma : Crystallophorum. Physeuinate corporibus crystaUisatis subspluericis
inclusis ex crystallis (Eorri oxydati ?) radialiter dispositis formatis. Diam. corpor.
crystallisat. 0,0221 — 0,05mni. Engl.)

1. Anabaina confervoides, Meinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 209; e
subtilioribus stratum tenue formans, tricliomatibus prolongatis rectissimis parallelis
in muco communi nidulantibus, cellulis distinctissimis rcctangularibus usque sub-
quadratieis, spatiis interloculatis angustioribus distinctis sejunctis, diametro trans-
versali paulo lougioribus (usque duplo), cytioplasmate subtiliter granuloso colore
pallide airuginco ; cellulis perdurantibus elliptiois ceteris cellulis paulo latioribus et
lon!<ioribus. Diam. cellular. 0,0022 — 0,0028mm. — rifi " Engl.)

In stratis tenuioribus inter alias Algas.

lime siKicies pcculiaris distinguitur ab omnibus buousque cognitis speciebus
cellulis augulosis (nec’spbsericis nee ellipticis).

FRESinVATER ALGyE.— P. F. REIXSCII.

07

2. Anabaina involuta, Reinsch in Jotmi. Linn. Soc. XT. 299; lilioru
iiatans, e tenuioribus, ti'ieliomatibiis proloiigatis multiplicitcr involutis, ccllulis
.spha3ricis et cllipticis (in statu indiviso) intermixtis, cytioplasmatc siibtiliter granu-
loso, cytiodermato extrorsum muco liyalino tcnui vclato, ccllulis 25 ei'durantibus
(sporis) S 2 )lia 3 ricis spai'sis ceteris cellulis j)aiilulo latioribus, cytiodermato erassn
distincto, cytioplasinate graiiuloso. Diam. cellular. 0,0021'— 0,0032mm. —

j J-f,-'" Engl.) Diam. cellular, pcrdurant. 0,00'llmra. (-j-J,'" Engl.)

In trichomatibus singulis inter alias algas Pliycocbromaceas interjectis.

Ab A. circinali in tricliomatum forma persimili dilfert ccllulis quadruple magis
minoribus, cytioplasinate subtilitor graiiuloso.

1. Hormosipbon leptosipbon, Reinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 210 ;
globosum, magnitudine Pisi sativi, obvacco-viridc, 2 >byseumate subcartilaginco intus
molli, indumento exteriore subtenacc, trichomatibus prolongatis marginem jilij--
scumatis versus radialiter dispositis subcontortis pallidc icnigineis, indumento
liyalino liomogeneo dccolorato subtenui velatis, cellulis subsplimricis subarcte con-
junctis, cellulis jierdurantibus sjibsericis ceteris cellulis duplo latioribus. Diam.
cellular. 0,0028mm. {yW" Engl.) Diam. cellular, perdurant. 0,0056mm.

Engl.) Diam. jihyseum. 3,5 — 0mm.

In pliyseumatibus singulis inter Scliizosiphontis keryuclensis caespites.

Physcumatum observatoruni dua jirocreant intus jibyscumata singula fllialia
elliiisoidoa trichomatibus brevissimis subrectis ct leviter contortis indumento crasso
liyalino decolorato velatis donsissime repleta, indumento commuiii distincto velata.
Pliyscumatis externa pars plerumque ex trichomatibus pliyseumatum filialium
trichomatibus simillimis formata. Superficies physcumatum est vestita plantulis
variis egregie Stigeoclonio suhiili, n. sp., singulis filis JEuactidis Kiinzeance ct Tuhj-
pothriclds Jlaccidce.

Tab. IV. Fig. vii. — 1, pliyseumata dua magnitudine naturali. — 2, tricliomatis
singuli pars maxime aucta, a. cellula perdurans (-f-®). — 3, pliyscumatis scctionis
transvcrsalis pars exterior, cum pliyseumatc filiali singulo trichomatibus brevissimis
indumento crasso velatis dense repleto, a. indmnentum exterius pliyscumatis.

2. Hormosipbon coriaceus, lauz.. Tab. Rhyo. ii., tab. 14, fig. 1 ; var.
KEEGTJELEXSis, Rcinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 211 ; physeumate irregularitcr
expanse subpiano subcoriaceo colore obscure rubro-fusco, in sectione transversali
ex stratis 5is — 7is formato, peridermatc (scctionis transvcrsalis physeum.) lateris supc-
rioris crassiore lamelloso fusco, lateris inferioris peridermate tenuiore, trichomatibus
vcrmiculiformibus multijiliciter contortis, vaginis fuscis amplis distinctissimis pluri-.
lamellosis, cellulis spliiericis colore pallide serugineo. Diam. cellular. 0,0041 mm
(irtr"' Engl.) Diam. tricliom. (cum vaginis) 0,0224—0,0278 min. (^L — »l"' Engl.)
Pliyscumatis crassitude 0,139 — 0,168 mm. (^* 5 — ^V” Engl.)

Specimina majora in spiritii vini asservata ac in charta intense.

Marshy ground near Vulcan Cove. (Disteib. Gallia, Germania, Italia.)

I 2

68

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

1. Scliizosiplion kerguelensis, Beinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 211 ;
csespitosus, ctcspitulos conl'ortos radialitcr dispositos usque 6 mms altos in muscis
aquaticis affixos foriuans, tricliomatil)us radiantibus e basi rcpetito dicliotomo-
raniosissimis in summis fastigiatis, pseudoramulis ultimis coi'ymbosis fasciculatis
apicibus paulatim subangustatis, vaginis pscudorauiulorum ultiniorum fuscis inte-
gcrrimis celullarimi diametro subocqualiter crassis, vaginis triohomatum inferioris
partis crassioribus dense subtiliter lamcllosis, cellulis omnibus mqualibus distinctis,
diametro subaequalibus apieem psoudoramulorum versus non dcorescentibus, cytio-
plasmate colore pallide olivaceo-viridi granulis majoribus distinctis dense repleto,
cellulis perdiirantibus singulis aut compluribus l)asilaribus subspbsericis diametro
ccllularum aequalibus. Diam. trickomat. (in diversis locis mensuratus) 0,0168 —
0,0333 ]um. Engl.) Diam. pseudoramulorum ultiniorum 0,013 — 0,0168

Bim. rk'" Engl.)

Hal), in muscis aquaticis caules densissime jioliculae I'ormiter induoens.

llaec species elcgantissima in caespitulis muscis in caliculo vitroo inclusis co-
piosissima est reperta, in primis spcciminis majoris caules densissime erant obteoti.
Ocllulanim funiculus singulis locis baud raro ot simplicitcr et dupliciter contortus,
quae partes tricliomatum paulo sunt incrassatEC ; liasin trioliomatum versus cellu-
larum funiculi plerumque sunt contorti ; tricliomatum inflma; partis vaginae pluri-
lamcllosac et tricliomatum inlima pars cuneiforniiter angustata in fllum singulum
producta.

1. Tolypoth.riX flaccida, KiUs. Tab. Phyc. ii. tab. 32, fig. 2. Eorma

cellulis diametro transvorsali acqualibus et paulo longioribus. Diam. tricliom.
0,0056—0,0081 mm. Engl.)

In caespitulis parvulis in foliis muscorum aquaticorum insidens. (Disteib. T.
flaccklcp, Britannia, Gallia, Germania, Helvetia.)

Haeo formic sunt peculiarcs ut in forma typica, oellulae perdurantes eompliu’es
postposita;, ccllukc complurcs funiculi tricliomatum saepissime interstitiis kyalinis
sunt disjunctae ct tricliomatum summa pars cellulis vacua.

2. Tolypothrix Nsegelii, Katz.

Ilaec Tolypothrix a forma typica est distincta trickomatibus paulo tenuioribus,
pseudoramulis crebrioribus, quic sunt brcvissimac in singulis trickomatibus ; summa
pars collulae perdurantis singuloo in pseudoramulorum basi nonnunquain est trun-
cata.

Inter ScUzosiphontia caespites ct affixi et lluctuautcs caespituli. (Disteib. T.
Ntegelii, Helvetia.)

1. Schizotlirix hyalina, Katz. Spec. Alg. Tab. Phyc. ii. tab. ^0,fig. 1.

Var. EAMOSissisiA, Beinsch, in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 211 ; trickomatibus Scliizo-
siphonti insidentibus subtilissimis, funiculis et submoniliformibus et suboylindraoeis
pallide Eerugineis, vaginulis ampks kyalinis cinctis ; pseudoramulis numcrosis erectis
flagclliforme attenuatis. Diam. trickom. (cum vaginulis) 0,0022 — 0,0056 mm.

FRESHWATER ALGiE.— P. F. REIKSCII.

00

(aig — srjr"” Engl.) Diam. tricliom. intern. 0,0011 mm. (tsW” Engl.) Altitudo
plantulsB 0,8 mm. Engl.)

In ScMzosiphontis herguelemis trichoniatibus in ctespitulis dispersis. (Distrib.
8. hi/aliii(C, Montibus Europm.)

llanc forraam pecidiarem, vcrisimile spcciem propriam, tantummodo in paueis
sed bonis speciminil)us observavi, qua3 eranfc apta ad constituendum genus. Est
similitudo maxima cum Schizothr. hyalbia in triebomatum et vaginarum crassi-
tudine et cellularum funiculi forma, quamquam incromenti modus ot loci natalis
cst diversissimus.

1. Sirosiphon vermicularis, Heimch in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 211;
e minimis, cmsjiitulis parvulis tricbomatibus subrectis summis attenuatis procum-
bentibus intertextis, plus minusvo ramosis, ramulis altcrnantibus apicem versus
sensim attenuatis ramulis summis diametri tricbomatis primarii dimidio tenuioribus,
triebomatum cellulis uniscriatis arctissimo conjunctis, cytiodermato sul)crasso firmo
fuscoscente, cytioplasmate subtibssime gramdoso, ramulorum cellulis apicem I’amu-
lorum versus angulosis confervoideis, vaginis (tricbomat. primarior.) tenuioribus
(vix cellular, diametri octavam partem) simjdiciter striatis cellulas arctissime inclu-
dentibus ; cellulis interstitialibus nullis. Eiam. tricliom. primar. 0,0112 mm.
ithi "' Engl.) Diam. ramulorum 0,0050 mm. (3)^. Engl.)

In caespitulis singulis inter alios Sirosiphonles Uormosiphonti coriaceo propo
Vulcan Cove adbicrentcs.

Ab omnilms Sirosiphontihus bucusque cognitis species minutissima. Sirosiphon
in ramulorum cellulis diversis a cellulis tricbomatis primarii. Sirosiphonti sylvestri,
Itzigsobn. proximus sod sat distinctus tricbomatibus tenuioribus cellulis cytio-
dermato tenuiore indistincte articulatis.

2. Sirosipltoil pulvinatus, KiUz. var. cellulis tricbomatis primarii cytio-

dermato crassissimo colorato absque ordino biseriatis cellularum ramulorum imiseri-
atis aut absque ordino biseriatis. Diam. cellular. 0,0050 — 0,0008 mm. (g-)-g —
Engl.) Eiam. cellular, o. vagina 0,013 mm. (7I7"' Engl.) Tricbomat. crassit.
0,0224 — 0,0300 mm. — j’.j'" Engl.) Tricbomata perpauca dispersa. Eorsan pro-

pria species. (Distrib. S. puloinati, Europa, Americ. boreal.)

Var. ; tricbomatibus irrcgulariter ramosis, ramulis apice obtusis numerosis sub-
contortis, cellulis omnibus aiqualibus subovalibus, cytiodermato tenuiore byalino
decolorato, irrcgulariter biseriatis. Dimensionibus iisdem prseced.

3. Sirosiphon species nova, Reinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 212 ; e
minoribus, tricbomatibus singulis inter alias algas dispersis, irrcgulariter pinnato-
ramosis, ramis bilateralibus tricbomati primario mqualiter formatis et mqualiter
crassis, summis non attenuatis, cellulis subspboericis spatiis byalinis disjunctis,
cytiodermate tonui bomogeneo subbyalino, cytioplasmate subbomogeneo pallide-
lerugineo, vaginis crassis byalinis subbomogeneis decoloratis, cellulis interstiti-

70

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

alibiis ? Diam. cellular. 0,0011 — 0,0056 mm. (-Uj — Engl.) Tricliomat.
crassit. 0,0112 — 0,013 mm. (y-L — jAy'" Engl.)

In trichomatibus singulis inter alias Siroaipliontes et inter Scylonemam casiu-
nenm inter Horniosiphonteni coriacemn (near Vulcan Cove).

(S', velutinus et S. liormoides Kutzing trichomatibus orassioribus faseiculato-
ramosis et dichotomo ramosis distincti. 8. panniformis, Kiitz., distinguitur ramis
elongatis tricliomate primario tenuioribus et cellulis interstitialibus.

1. Sirosiphon kerguelensis, Heinsoh. in Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 212 ;
trichomatibus ramosissimis, trichomate primario prooumhentc ramis irregulavitcr
ramosis ramulis ultimis apicem versus mqualitor latis, cellulis trichomatis primarii
ae ramulorum ovalibus usque irregulariter sphan-icis in seriem simplicem dispositis,
intervallis hyalinis usque cellularum longitudini ffiquantilms disjunctis, articulis
tuhuliformibus angustissimis (lacunis tuhulilormibus in muco vaginoe) conjunctis,
cytioplasmate subhoniogeneo dilute mruginco, cytiodermate suhtili decolorato (cellu-
larum tricliom. primarii crassiore fusoescentc), cellulis summis ramulorum cohaj-
rentibus lynghyaceis, vaginis crassis hyalinis decoloratis suhhomogeneis (vaginis
trichom. primarii suhlamellosis aureis). Diam. trichom. primar. 0,0278 — 0,0333mm.
( 7 V; — sV Engl.) Diam. ramulorum 0,0218 mm. (.^y" Engl.) Diam. cellular.
0,013 mm. (yly'" Engl.)

In trichomatibus singulis inter alias Sirosiplwntes. Cum prmoedente.

Ilic Sirosiphon prime pro formam propriam Sirosiphontis ocellati habitus, cui
est persimilis in trichomatis ramificatione et crassitudine, sed propter propriam de
ceteris Sirosiphontihus diseedentem structuram trichomatis propriam speciem se
olTcrt.

Tab. IV. Eig. vi. — 1, trichomatis pars summa Af S ; — 2, trichomatis pars maxime
aucta,

In singulis speciminibus observavi Sirosiphontem sequentem quern hujus Sh'O-
siphontis varietatem puto. Trichomata ramosa ramis subintegris adscendentibus,
cellulis ovalibus usque subsphmricis, intervallis hyalinis disjunctis. Ai-ticuli tubuli-
formes cellulas singulas conjungentes plurimum desunt.

5. Sirosiphon Oliveri, Reinsoh in Journ. Linn. Soo. xv. 213 ; cmspitulis
parvulis, trichomatibus adscendentibus prolongatis suhramosis, ramulis singulis (et
raro ramulis compluribus breviorihus approximatis) et leviter contortis, e serie
simplioe cellularum formatis, cellulis ovalibus diametro dimidio breviorihus (et
])aulo magis et minus), cytiodermate firmo crasso extrorsum fuscescente, cytioplas-
mate suhhomogeneo ohscure-serugineo, vagina membranacea simplici subtenui, oel-
lulis interstitialibus nullis. Diam. trichomatum (cum vaginis) 0,0196 — 0,0224 mm.
(i iA — oV” Engl.)

In emspitulis parvulis inter Uormosiphontem coriacemn cum csespitulis Scytone-
matis castanei intermixtis ; cum prmced.

FRESHWATER ALG^E.— P. F. REINSCTI. 71

(S', telutino, Kiitz., et S. hormoide, Kiitz., spccicbiis proximis in ccllularum forma
ac dispositione differt tricliomatibus subintegris, vaginis tennioril)us.

Tab. IV. Pig. ii. — 1, tricbomatis summa pars (ip) ; — 2, trichomatis pars
maxinic auota, vagina dupliciter striata, cellularuni cytioderma dupliciter stx’iatum,
cellula singula longitudinaliter divisa (ti—)-

0. Sirosiphon secundatus, KUziny, Tab. Thy col. ii. tab. Zl,fiy. 1; forma
trichomato primario partim incrassato, ramis prolongatis apice incrassato ; cellulis
parvulis tridiomatis primarii numerosis al)sque ordine dispositis, cellulis ramorum
uni- aut irrogulariter Inseriatis cytiodermatibus erassis confluentibus. Diam. tri-
cliomatis primarii 0,0333—0,0393 mm. (.gV — tjV'" Diam. ramormn 0,0224—

0,0278 mm. Engl.) Diam. cellular. 0,0056 mm. Engl.)

In speoiinine singulo observato, inter alias Sirosiphoutes. Cum prsecedento.
(Disthib. Europa.)

Chlorophyllopiitcea:.

1. Gloeocystis vesiculosa, Nmjeli. Cellulm indivism usque ad 0,011 mm.
(T¥Ty“' Engl.) diam. ; familim bicellularcs 0,0058 mm. Engl.) diam.

Inter algas unicellulares adbrnrentes foliis muscorum. (Distrib. Germania,
Helvetia.)

1. Palmella mucosa, KUz. Tab. Thyc. i., tab. 10, fig. 7 ; cellul. diam.
0,0050—0,0112 mm. — y Engl.)

Inter alias algas unicellulares. (Distrib. Europa.)

Distinguitur a forma communi cellulis paulo minoribus et integumentis crassio-
ribus distinctius limitatis.

1. Pleurococcus vestitus, Teiusch, Algenfl. Frank., p. 50, tab. iii., fig. 4).
Var. MINOR; cellulis spban-icis singulis aut binis aut quaternis et compluribus
spbserice conjunctas familias forniantibus, cytioplasmato dense subtiliter granuloso,
cytiodermatc crasso (interdum colorato) verruculis acutis dispersis iustructo. Diam.
cellular. 0,0112 — 0,013 mm. (y-J-g — rsV” Engl.)

Inter alias algas unicellulares. (Distrib. F. vestUi, Germania).

2. Pleurococcus angulosus, Corda. Protoc. palustris Kiitz. Tab. Thyc. i.

tab. 9 ; forma, cellulis spbaericis in familias minores in modo Merenchymatis colim-
rentes coUocatis. Cellular, diam. 0,0041 — 0,0050 mm. — .y)V”Engl.) Diam.

familiar. 0,0221 — 0,0278 mm. — y Engl.)

Cum pracccdcnte. (Distrib. T. anyulosi, Europa.)

Scenedesmus acutus, Ileyen.

In singulis speciminibus observatum inter Zyynemai coespites ; in a freshwater
pool on the W. of Swain’s Bay. (Distrib. Europa.)

1. Botryococcus Braunii, K&tz.

Maxime coiisentit cum speciminibus Europasis e diversis locis. Inter emspites
ScUzosiphontis et in massis parvulis algarum uniccllularium museis aquatiois

72

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

adliEerentibus. Inveniuntui’ familiis et viridos et fuscescentcs. (Distrib. Germania,
Helvetia.)

1. Oocystis Nsegelii, Al. Braun. Longit. cellular. 0,0278 — 0,0306 mm.

— sV” Latit. cellular. 0,0168 mm. (yi-ir'" Engl-)

IMagnitudine ac forma cellularum ac cytioplasmatis textura maxime consentiimt
specim. cum speoiminibus Germanicis. Indumentum familiarum bi- aut quadri-
cellularium distincte dupliciter striatum.

lu singulis familiis in massa parvida 'Phycochromophycearum, unicellularium
Ilormosiphonti adbserente ; marshy ground near Vulcan Cove. (Distrib. Ger-
mania) .

1. Dictyospliserium Ehrenbergii, Na?geli; cellulis paulo majoribus.
Diam. cellular. 0,0084 — 0,0112 mm. — rio"’ I'Bgl.)

Inter algas varias museorum foliis insidentes. (Distrib. Europa meridionalis.)

1. Pediastrum ellipticum, MaJfs Brit. Besmid. ; var. iEQUiLOBUM ; coeno-
Irio elliptico continuo, cellidis disci regulariter 5-G-gonis, membrana liyalina acbroa
Irevissima, cellulis peripliericis leviter obtusangule-emarginatis, lobuUs cequalibus
ccllulai dimidio brevioribus apico truncatulis. Longit. maxima ccenobii 0,278 —

0. 336 mm. (-J — f'" Engl.) Diam. cellular. 0,0278 — 0,032 mm. (.jU — Jg'" Engl.)

In speoiminibus duobus inter Bormosipliontis physoumata observatum. (Dis-
TRiB. P. elliptici, Britannia.)

AsterOSph.8erium,* genus novum Protococcacearum. Coenobium spbairi-
cum, intus cxcavatum, libere natans, e cellulis angulosis parencliymatice arctissime
conjunotis (sicut in Pediastris), extrorsum pyriforme amjiliatis et subito angus-
tatis formatum.

1. Asterosphserium elegans, Beinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 213.
Coenobium sphsericum e cellulis 61 aut 128 formatum. Diam. coenobii ex cellulis
128 formati 0,144 mm. (yV" Engl.)

Inter algas minores libere natans (in paucis speciminibus oliservatum.)

Hoc genus proximo se continuatur geueribus Protococcacearum coenobio ex
cellulis parencliymatice conjunctis formato {Bydrodiction, Pediastrum, Coelastrum,
Staurogenia). Coenobii dispositio lit in quoque bemispbaira secundum seriem :

1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26 (seriem aritbmeticam primac ordinis cum numero differen-

tiali=5). Quo dispositionis modo boo genus discedit a Pediastris, goneri proximo.
Pediastrorum plurimum specierum dispositio coenobii fit, in speoiminibus regula-
riter formatis, secundum seriem ; 1, 6, 10, 10 (seriem aritbmeticam secundie

* ordinis cum seric differentiali prinia: 4, 6, 6, et numero differentiali=l).

In Asterospharii coenobiis legem dispositionis cellularum, ut fere fit, ad expli-
canda coenobia pervenire in omnibus casibus, certissime jmto ; sicut per analogiam
in Protococcaceis coenobio pluriccllulari spliairico ( Coelastrum et Sorastrimi), quorum
coenobia abnormiter disjiosita rarissime observari possunt.

* ao-TTjf Stella, a-(f>aTf>a globus.

FRESHWATER ALGA!.— P. F. REINSCII.

73

Omnium speciminum observatorum collulse erant vacum, veluti SDcpe observamus
in Pediastris majorilms.

Tab. IV., Fig. viii. — 1, specimen integrum ex cellulis 128 exstitutum (-f^) ; —
2, coenobii marginis pars magis aueto

1. Gloeocystis botryoides, Nagdi, Gatt. einzell. Alg. Cellular, diam.

0,0022 — 0,001 mm. Engl.) Thallus gelatinosus, cellulis singulis

et quaternatis, tegumentis crassis hyalinis distinctis.

In massis parvulis cum aliis algis Phycochromaceis inter Mormosiphontetn coria-
ccwm var., prope Vulcan Cove. (Uistrib. Europa orientalis.)

2. Gloeococcus species. Diam. cellular. 0,0011— 0,0066 mm. —

Engl.) Cellul® subspbmricae in familiis 4- et 8-cellularibus consociatse, cytioplas-
mate colore intensive viridi, locello byalino decolorato singulo instructo.

In familiis singulis dispersis inter alias algas Uormosiphonti coriaceo, var.
adbmrente.s.

1. Polyedrium tetrsetricum, Ncegeli. Celluloe angulis acutiusculis (vix

aculeolatis), marginibus lateralibus subrectis. Diam. cellular. 0,0221mm ( R'"
Engl.) ■ "

In speciminihus singulis inter alias algas unicellulares Uormosiphonti coriaceo
var. adlimrentos, prope Vulcan Cove. (Distrib. Europa australis.)

2. Polyedrium minimi, Braun, Alg. unicdluL, p. 91, forma; cellube
regulariter tetragonse (quadralicm) marginibus lateralibus omnibus sequalibus (vix

leviter rcpandis), angulis obtuso rotundatis. Latit. 0,0006— 0,0075 mm (U

Engl.) V335^.0

In spcciminibus singulis in massa parvula algarum Zygogonio toruloso var.
adbaerente. (Distiub. P. minimi Europa orientalis.)

Polyedriu7ih Pynacidmm, Reinseb, Algenflora von Franken. 1806, p. 80, tab. iii.
a. — d., complures formas comprebendit. Specimen fig. d. delineatum est P. mini-
mum Al. Braun, “ lateribus alternis profundius emarginatis ; ” specimen fio-. «.
delineatum cum spcciminibus Kerguelensibus exacte consentit; specimen 4.
formani reprassentat marginibus sequaliter emarginatis.

1. Chlamydococci species, Peinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 211 •
cellulis globosis vel ellipticis magnitudine paulo diversis, cytioplasmate et sul)-
bomogeneo et granuloso (granulis amylaceis dense repleto), in statu progressiore
corpusculis spbaorieis majoribus colore intensive luteo-purpurascente binis-qiiiu-
ternis instructo (cellulis filialibus, Zoogonidiis), cytiodermate byalino crassissimo
plurilamelloso (interdum unilateraliter incrassato). Cellular, diam. (ante divis )
0,0278—0,0393 mm. (,R — Engl.) Diam. post divisionem 0,0190—0,0224 mm.

( rlif — T)V'' Engl-)

Hab. in foliis musci aquatici.

Hujus plantulm vera nalura initio mibi crat aliquid dubia. In cellularum pluri-
mum magnitudine ccllulas Alias non procreantium, cyfioplasmatis colore evtio-

74

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

(lermatis structura valde consenticns cum Chroococoo aureo, nihilominus inveni-
untur cellulm singulas cytioplasmatis valde diversa structura a Chroococcis. Sed
post observatis cellulis minoribus (Zoogonidiis) sine dubio in cohserentia organica
cum cellulis majoribus Chroococcoideis, hujus plantulse positio in systemate est
constituta. Quse cellulaj forma late pyriformi, polo subito angustato, cytiodermate
tenui, cytioplasmate liomogeneo colore intensive purpureo erant inventse in con-
sortio cellularum majorum cytioplasmate vacuarum. In singulis cellulis sunt
inelussB complures cellulse liliales spbaericce colore luteo-purpureo, aliis cellulis sunt
corpuscula bina (interdum singulum, cellula super.). Nonmdlarum cellularum
cvtioplasma densissime est repleta corpusculis amylaceis. Chlamydococci species
duaj cognitie differunt cytiodermate multo tenuiore non lamelloso. Cellulte liliales
diuB (-t“) ; cellula singula, cytiodermate unilateraliter incrassato, cytioplasmate
cellulis filialibus {(/onidiis) a. compluribus (A|a) ; cellula singula cytiodermate
tenuiore, cytioplasmate corpusculis amylaceis densissime repleto (-f-)- Cellula
minor pyriformis {Zoogonidkmi).

1. Cosmarium pseudo -nitidulum, Nordstedt, Bydr. till Kaenned. om
sydl. Norges Besmid. Lund. 1872, tom. ix., p. 46, tab. i., fig. 4) ; var. semicellularum
semicircularium cytioderma in apioe intus nodulo singulo incrassatum. Longit.
0,033mm. (^V" Engl.) Lat. 0,0248 mm. (tjV" Engl.)

In speciminibus singulis in massis minoribus algarum variarum in muscis
aquaticis adliairentibus.

2. Cosmarium crenatum, Br(b. var. kerguelense; cellula in ambitu

late ovali, dianietro longitudinali diametro transversal! paulo longiore (|), semi-
cellulis subsemicireularibus basi arctissime se adlingentibus incisura non disjunctis,
mai'gine undato excise, gibberulis truncatulis 14is — 15is instructo, superfleie verru-
culis in seriebus radialibus dispositis verruculosa, areola media Iscvi, semicellulis e
vertice visis ambitu ellipticis (in laterum medio leviter tumidis), istbmi latitudo
!, diametri trausversalis. Diam. transv. 0,033 mm. 5 diam. longit.

0,039 mm. (yV" Engl.) Istbmi latitudo 0,0067 mm. (y,ty"' Engl.)

In speoimine singulo observatum inter Vaucheriw et Sohizothrichis carspites.
(Disteib. Europa, America borealis, Greenlandia.)

Eormis singulis Cosm. pulcherrimi Nordstedt (Symb. ad Elor. Brasil. Desmid.
p. 175. tab. iii., fig. 24) simillimum in semicellularum ambitu et forma {C. pid-
cherrim. ^. boreale, Nordst. Desmid. Spetsberg. et Beoren Eiland. p. 32, tab. vi.
fig. 14), sed differt semicellulis e vertice visis in medio utrinque non productis, a
fronte visis in medio lasvibus.

1. Staurastrum kerguelense, Beinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 214;
semicellulis a latere late trapoziois angulis longe productis, margine terminal! sub-
recto a vertice visis regulariter trigonis, marginibus lateralibus rectis angulis in
cornulum rectum margine regulariter crcnulatum longe productis, cornulis summis
bispinosis, cytiodermate laevi seriebus tribus verrucularum marginibus semicellula;

FRESHWATER ALGiE.— P. F. REINSCII. 75

parallelis et in conralis excurrcntibus ornfito, istbmi latitudine quinta pars celhila>
latitudinis. Latit. cellulte 0,1038 mm. Engl.) ; istlimi latitude 0,0116 mm.
( Engl.)

Observavi tantum spocimina dua in massa algarum muscis aquaticis ad«
liwrente.

S. gracili, Ralfs. simile semicellularum forma, sed differt dimensionilms duplo
magis majoribus, oornulis multo gracilioribus.

E Eamilia pulcberrima Desniidiacearum specicrum numerosissima sunt reperta
tantum Cosmaria dua hac Stauraslrum JPalmoglaa; species et Euastrmn hinale
nar.

1. Euastrum binale, Tarjjin, vm\ gibbosum ; scmicellulis in sciagraphia
trapezicis, margine tcrminali recto in medio Icvissime emarginato, angulis obtusi.s
non productis, marginibus lateralibus gibberulis Idnis sequalibus rotundatis, super-
iicie semicellulffi in quoque latere gibberulis birds sequalibus instructa, scmi-
cellulis a latere apice trunoatis. Longit. 0,0300 mm. Engl.) Latit. 0,0221mm.
(st'" Engl.) Latit. margin, termin. 0,013 mm. (yjy'" Engl.) Istbmi latitude
0,0011 mm. Engl.)

In singulis speciminibus inter algas unioellulares Hormosiphonti adhmrentes.
(Distbib. Europa, America borealis.)

A ceteris formis Euaalri h'malis bare forma distinguitur superficie gibbosa
semicellularum. Euastrum hinale var. cUssimile, Kordstedt (Lesmid. Arcto®,
Konigl. IVetensk. Akad. Forbandl. Stockholm 1875, Nr. 6, p. 31, tab. viii. fig. 31),
persimile in semicellularum sciagraphia, differt lobulis basalibus levitcr repanebs,
angulis paulo productis, superficie non gibbosa.

1. PalmOglcBSe species ; cellulis ellipticis polis angustatis, diametro trans-
versali dimidio diametri longitudinalis breviore, cytiodermate suberasso, cytio-
plasmate granulis singulis majoribus instructo in massa gelatinosa irregulariter

expansa nidulantibus. Longit. cellular. 0,0008 — 0,0081 mm. j jrl-g-"' Engl.)

Latit. cellular. 0,0011 mm. Engl.)

In massis parvulis Eormsiphonll adhmrentibus.

Granulis amylaccis cytioplasmatis ad Palmoglmas spectans, a P. macrococea et
micrococca distinguitur cellulis minoribus et polis angustatis.

1. Vaucheria sessilis. Voucher. Maxime consentit cum speciminibus
Europajis. Oospor® maturm membrana trilamellosa.

Eilum imicum fructiferum observari potuerat in massa ex algis diversis compo-
sita. (Distrib. Europa, America borealis.)

2. Vaucheria sericea, Lynghye. Eilum singulum florcscens observatum.
Oogonium ad fecundationem aptum, antberidia bina borizontaliter flexa nondum
aperta. In fllo singulo obseryato oosporas maturas evolvente oospor® in ooo-onio
laxe inclus®. (Distrib. Europa, America bori?alis.)

3. Vaucheria pachyderma, Symn. Vaucu. Dillwyni, Web. et Mohr. exp.

K 2

70

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

rila compluria oosporis maturis observata. Oosporarum membrana plurilamellosa
duplo crassior membrana V. sessilis.

In ccespitulo parvulo ex fllis intertextis Vaucherice sj>ecierum variarum composite
inter Nitellm specimina incluso, pauca observavi fila quse pertinerent ad aliquam
Vaucheriam ad Corniculatas speotantem. (Distkib. Europa frequons.)

De antheridiis et ogoniis nondum evolutis non potuerat discerni aliquid certi,
nescioque, boeo fila pertinere ad V. sericeam, paebydermam an ad spcciem propriam.

4. Vauch.eria geminata, De Candolle. Eila compluria oogoniis immaturis
sine dubio ad V. geminatam spectantia; tballi ramulus lateralis minutus flores
evolvens paulo longior et gracilior ramulo speciminuin Europiearum, cornulum
jam in positione propria, summo — ad observatorem verso — minime lateraliter contorto.
F. hamatce ramulus lateralis dimidio brevior ac raniuli oogonia procreantes duplo
longiores. Antheridium a basi curvatum in uno anfractu contortum. (Distkib.
Europa, America borealis.)

Status evolutionis partium florum Fauclieriarum perfecte congrunt cum eodem
statu evolutionis florum Nitellte antarcticce. Tempus anni, respondens statu analogo
vitae liarum plantularum in nostris latitudinibus ver est (menses Aprilis, Mail,
usque ad initium niensis Junii). Quarum plantularum phaenomena vitalia normam
dare ad dijudicandas ullae regionis terras rationcs in respeotu commutationum
temporum quadripartitarum anni, verisimile videtur.

1. Olpidium caudatum, ReinscJi in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 216 ; cellulis
spbaericis sine radiculis substrate viventi insidentibus, in polo processu singulo
spini formi cellulae diametro subaequante postremo aperto instructis, cytiodermate
distincto suberasso, cytioplasmate dense grauuloso. — Diam. cellular. 0,0112 —
0,013 mm. (tbu— lir"' Engl.)

In Schizosiphontis kerguelensis tricbomatibus.

0. ampullaceimi {Chy Iridium ampullaceum, A. Braun, Ber. d. Berlin. Acad.
1855, p. 66 ; Rabenliorst, El. Eur. Alg. ii. p. 282) est distinctum ab hoc Olpidio
dimensionibus duplo minoribus (0,0064 mm.; Engl. diam.).

Tab. IV., Eig. vi. — 1, Schizosiphontis tricbomates pars cum plantula parasitica
insidente, ; — 2, cellula singula parasitica major amplificata, -f-.

1. Cliytridium pyriforme, Reinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 215 ;
cellulis zoogonidiis nondum egressis operoulose apertis ovato-pyriformibus, basi
sensim angustata, in radiculum in substrate vivente radicantem prolongatis diametro
transversali dimidio diametri longitudinalis angustiore, cytioplasmate dense subti-
liter granuloso, cytiodermate distincto dupliciter striato, cellulis zoogonidiis
egressis subcylindricis usque subcuneatis, oporoulo transversaliter a cellula se
sejungente subbemispbmrico apice rotundato (non acuminate), radiculo usque
tertiam partem diametri longitudinalis cellulae sequante, in medio plus minusve
incrassato apiculo prolongate deorsum verso. Diam. transvers. cellulae 0,013—

FRESHWATER ALGiE.— P. F. REIXSCII.

77

0,0168 ram. I'f'Sl-) Diam. longitud. cellulm 0,0258 — 0,0278 mm.

(A—tV'" Engl.)

In Vaucliericti cellulls.

A Chytridiis cognitis proximum in cellularum forma Chytr. Olla, A. Braun,
(Verjung. p. 198. Ber. Berlin. Acad. 1855, p. 380; Rabenh. El. Eur. ii. p. 277),
quod Chytridium distinguitur cellulis latioribus. operculo obtuse umbilicato;
C. acmuinatum et C. hrecipes, A. Braun, sunt distincta operoulis aeuminatis. In
omnibus Vaucherice cellulis, qum portaverunt plantulas parasiticas, sunt observata;
prolong ationes utriculiformes dense positm e Vamherlce cellula egressse. Parasita
invenitur ])leruinque in iisdem locis Vaucherue cellulae infectaj ubi sunt evolutae
bsec prolongationes utriculiformes. In bis locis abnormiter transmutatis a])parent
parietes intercalarcs quse separant lumen trausmutatum a cellula; cetero lumine.
Certissime adducta est transmutatio abnormis Vaucherice a plantulis parasiticis.
Complures casus liucusque sunt observati, in quibus efl'eruntur transmutationes
mor])hologiea3 plantarum altiorum per plantulis parasiticis unicellularibus.* Singula
fila Vaucherue abnormiter transmutatae observavi, quibus desunt Chytridii cellulm,
sed in cytioplasmate Vaucherice sunt impositm cellulae spbmricEe magnitudine varia
manifesto alieme P'aucherice celluloe. Utrum aliquam oonnexionem esse geneticam
inter Chytridii cellulas pyriformes Vaucherice insidentes et cellulas entopliyticas,
an non, incertum est.

1. Microthamnion cladophoroides, Beinsch in Joimi. Linn. Soc. xv. 216 ;
e raaximis, fmticulosuin, filis solitariis erectis regulariter ramosis, radiculis singulis
contortis in substrato (algis viventibus) insidentibus, ramulis erecto-patentibus
attenuatis unilateraliter dispositis (in spcciminibus minoribus) aut verticillatim
dispositis (in speoiminibus majoribus), cellulis flli primarii apicem versus paulo in-
crassatis diametro 4plo-6plo longioribus, cellulis ramulorum in basi paulo con-
strictis diametro 10plo-20plo longioribus, cytioplasmate omnium cellularum sub-
homogeneo, oolore pallide lutco-olivaceo, granulis singulis dispersis insfructo. Fili
primarii cellularum latit. 0,0056 mm. Engl.) Ramulorum cellularum latit.

0,0028 — 0,0011 mm. {jh — sW Engl.) Plantulse altit. 0,556 mm. (|"' Engl.)

In Lyncjhyce mcijoris, Kiitz. forma trichomatibus et in Chlorococci spec, cellulis
radiculis brevissimis affixum. Ilmc plantula elegantissima Cladophoris singulis
in habitu baud dissimiles, sed sat distincta a Cladophoris cytioplasmate subhomo-
geneo ac dimensionibus minimis, ad Microthamnia spectat quibusoum consentit in
cytioplasmatis structura. Generis specierum trium liucusque cognitarum nulla
aliqua similitudine consentit cum plantula Insulae Kerguelensis.

1. StigBOclonium Hookeri, Beinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 216 ;
Isete viride, parasiticuin, cajspitulos climtophoreeformes basi radicante formans ;
filis aetate provectiore inferne nud® et subintegr® superne rainosissimis, basi

* fiyuchytrium Taraxaci (De Barg, et Woron. Ber. d. Xaturf. Gesellsch. Freibur», iii 2 tab i ii
fig. 1-7. • • . . .,

78

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

radiculis anastomosantibus instructis, ramis spicatis (plerumque) integerrimis
approximatis stricte erectis, cellulis filorum primariorum hyalinis cytioplasmate
coiitracto (in statu vegeto ?), diametro transversal! (inferiorum) duplo — triplo
longioribus et aaqualibus (superiorum), cellulis ramorum tumidis, omnibus in
sporangia zoogonidia evolventia transmutatis diametro cequalibus et dimidio
brovioribus. Diam. oellularum filorum primar. 0,0112 — 0,013 mm. (y^-^ —
Engl.) Diam. ramorum sporidiferomm 0,0081 — 0,0112 mm. (j-Jy — Tin”' Engl.)
Altitude plantulse 1 — 1,5 mm.

In Nitellce cellulis et in foliis muscorum.

Hoc Stigeoclonlmn elegantissimiim cum S. debili et un/ormi, Kiitz. (Tab.
Phyc. iii. tab. 3), aliqua similitudine consentit. Primum differt ramulis longi-
oribus longius distantibu.s non fasciculato-racemosis ; secundum, ramificatione
verticilliformi caulis primarii. Hmc species tres cum S. gracili, Kiitz., subspecies
formant specieis unm typicae.

Tab.V., Pig. i. — 1, Nitellce pars cum cacspitulo Stigeoclonii insidente (Y); —
2, fili singuli summa pars major aucta, omnes cellulm zoogonidia procreantes (— f^).

2. Stigeoclonium subtile, Reinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 217 ; minutis-
simum, parasiticum, ex fllis sterilescentibus tenuioribus longioribus integerrimis
erectis e flUs procumbentibus dense intertextis crassioribus ortis formatum, cellulis
ramulorum erectorum tenuioribus diametro 4plo-8plo longioribus, cellulis filorum
procumbentium latioribus diametro submqualibus, fllis propagativis paulo crassi-
oribus, cellulis zoogonidia prooreantibus cellulis filorum sterilescentium multo
brevioribus subquadratiois arctissime conjunctis. Diam. filioriim erectorum
0,0048-0,0050 mm. Engl.)

In muscorum foliis, in Nitellce et Vaucliericc cellulis, et in Schizosiphontis
Icerguelensis tricliomatibus.

Hoc Stigeoclonium ramulis prolongatis tenuissiniis flagelliformibus erectis
ex ramulis crassioribus ortis aliqua similitudine consentit cum S. setigero, Kiitz.
(Tab. Pbyc. iii. tab. 5), quod distinguitur cmspitulis multo majoribus fluctuantibus
(usque tres lineas longis).

Csespituli tantum flla propagativa procreantes liaberi possunt pro Speciem pro-
priam. In singulis speciminibus plantulm inveniuntur et flla sterilescentia et flla
propagativa. Ulteriora paulo crassiora sed breviora saepe inveniuntur ex uno
ramulo evoluta cum fllis sterilescentibus. Caespitulos quoque singulos in Ror-
mosiphontis sp. n. pbyseumate crescentes una cum Choreoclonii procumhentis gen. n.
cmspitulis observavi ; in bis plantularum duarum inflmoc partes adeo sunt inter se
coalitm ut plantulas duas valde diversas in cohmsione genetica putare possis.

CHoreOClonium, genus novum.* Plantula parasitica ex fills ramosis pro-
cumbentibus densius aut laxius intricatis substrate dense adpressis interdum paren-
clivmatice inter se conjunctis formata; cellidie rectangulares usque quadratics.

* Kop/w expando, kXoVk cluuis. •

FRESHWATER ALGiE.— P. F. REINSCII.

79

Propagatio ? — Synon. Genus s. n. in Reinsch, Contribut., p. 70, tab. iv. (Chlo-
ropli.) deseriptum et delineatum genus ad Chcetophoraceas spectans, Stigeoclonio
proximum.

1. Choreoclonium procumbens, Melnsch in Joum. Linn. Soo. XV. 217.

Cellular, diam. 0,0028—0,0041 mm. ijiT~' 5 W' Engl.) Cellular, longit.
0,0112—0,0224 mm Engl.)

In foliis muscorum et in Nitelhe cellulis.

ITanc plantulam prime observavi anno 1872 in Germania in plantis aquatieis
{Iloitonia, Vlricularia) crescentem, deinde in oompluribus formis variis locis Ger-
manise. In contributionibus meis formas varias in uno gonere conjunetas sine
nomine recepi ; post plantulam Kcrgulenensem inventam nimirum dubitarc possum
in identitate plantularum e locis duobus remotissimis.

Tab. IV., Fig. ix. — 1, folii musci aquatici pars cum plantula singula minore in
nervo folii cresccnti (^^) ; — 2, alteri folii pars cum plantula majore obtecta (-f— ).

1. Draparnaldia subtilis, Meinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 218; fills

ramisque priniariis hyalinis, ramis e basi repetito dicliotome ramosissimis, ramulis
furcatis acutis plerumque in pilum liyalinum ex cellulis compluribus exstitutum
longe productis, cellulis infimis fill priraarii diamctro sequalibus cytiodermate
crasso lamelloso, cytioplasmate subbomageneo subtilissime granulate, cellulis superi-
oribus diametro usque duplo longioribus, cellulis ramulorum diametro usque
triple longioribus, cytioplasmate dense granulose. Diam. fill primarii 0,0168. —
0.0232 ram. (yJ-j — ^V”-) Diam. ramulorum 0,0050 — 0,0081mm. ^iy"'Engl.)

Plantulffi altitude 1 — 2 mm.

In Vaucliericc cellulis et in muscis aquatieis in plantulis dispersis radiculis
numerosis radicantibus. Ilsec plantula elegans tantummodo in speciminibus paucis
observata differt a ceteris Lraparneddiis et magnitudine et loco natali.

2. Draparnaldia distans, Kutz., tab. Phyc. iii., tab. 14, fig. 2; forma
tenuis, cellulis fili primarii duplo-quadruplo diametro transversali longioribus, ramis
primariis perpaucis, ramulis sparsis crebrioribus brevioribus cum ramulis longiori-
bus in ambitu lanceolatis perpaucis intermixtis, ramulis ultimis plerumque in pilum
acliroum oellulare attenuatis, cellulis ramulorum tumidis diametro subaequalibus.
Diam. cellular, fili prim. 0,0278 — 0,050 mm. (yV Engl.)

In speciminibus exsiccatis cum Zygnemate intermixtis. “ In a freshwater pool
on the W. of Swain’s Bay.” (Distrib. Europa.)

1. Proterderma viride, KUtzing. Familiae singulm in foliis musci aqua-
tici laxius insidentes, in magnitudine cellularum ac forma (0,0084 mm. ; Engl,
diam.) cum speciminibus Franconicis maxime consentiunt.

1. Zygogonium torulosi, Kiitz., Tab. Phyc., tab. 14, fig. l ; forma
crassior. Cellul® diametri trausversalis dimidio brevioribus (ante divisionem usque
sequalibus) cytiodermate interiore crassissimo plurilamelioso, cytiodermate exteriore

80

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

subtoruloso. Diam. cellular. 0,0168 — 0,0196 mm. — xto'" Engl.) Diam.

filorum (c. indum.) 0,033—0,0393 mm. (-jr’Tr-TvV" Engl.)

In caispitulis inter Hormosiphon coriaceum, var. “ In moist places near Vul-
can Cove.” — D istmb. Z. torulosi Europa orientalis.

In fills singulis observantur sicut in speciminibus Europseis cellulte subspbioricaj
laterales fills adhserentes indumento crassissimo velatse. Quoe cellullse — nullo modo
cellulse propagativae — oriuntur in hoc Zygogonio et in Z. anomalo divisione longi-
tudinali interdum incidente cellularum singularum fill. — Ilmc forma a forma typica
in Tab. Phycol. delineata cellulis angustioribiis cytiodermate crassiore et fills cras-
sioribus distinguitur. Z. toruloswm, Kiitz., cum serie specierum : Z. ericetorum,
(iiwmalwm, delicatulum, a Cl. Rabenhorst (El. Enr. Alg. ii., p. 254) in una specie
contrahuntur, sed cbaracteres constanter obscrvatie borum Zygogoniorum a speciebus
Kiitzingianis discodere mibi non permiserunt.

2. Zygogonium tenuissimum, Belnsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 218;
fills tenuissimis cellulis diametro duj)lo longioribus (et paulo minus) I’egulariter
rectangularibus, cytiodermate subcrasso bomogeneo byalino, cytioplasraate contracto
colore luteo-viridi granulis majoribus instructo. Diam. cellular. 0,0068 — 0,OOS4mm.
(xk Engl.)

In singulis fills inter Scytonemam castaneum dispersis, “near Vulcan Cove.” —
Differt a Z. delicatulo et Z. saUno cellulis longioribus, a Z. graciU et Z. Bcdpsii
cellulis brevioribus, ab omnibus Zygogoniis auteni filis multo tenuioribus.

1. Spirogyra longata, Katz., Tab. Fhyc. v. tab. 20, fig. 1 ; cellular, diam.
0,039 — 0,05mm. {.if — Engl.) Longitude cellularum 5plum — 7plum latitu-
dinis.

In a freshwater pool W. of Swain’s Bay (speoim. exsiecat.).

Structura fascim spiralis latm anfractibus 4is — 5is maxime consentit cum
speciminibus Europaiis. Ella omnia incopulata sunt latiora (usque duplo) filis
i'orma; communis Europese i>er totamEuropam dillusse. — (D istrib. Europa, America
borealis.)

2. Spirogyra Spec. ■, Cellularum diam. 0,0278 — 0,0393mm. (y 5 — -i%" Engl.)
.Longitudo 4plum — 5plum latitudinis. Eila omnia incopulata ad qnandam speciem
Spirogyi'CB spectantia, qusc perlinet ad Splrogyras cytiodermate in utroque polo
cellultB nec protenso nec replicato ; sed structura fasciarum spiralium adeo est
transmutata ut numerus fasciarum et forma certe non potest cxplicari.

Eila dispersa inter Braparnaldiam dintantem. “ In a fresbwatcr pool on tbe V’.
of Swain’s Bay” (specim. exsiecat.).

1. Sirogonium sticticum, KiUz. Cellular, diam. 0,045 — 0,050mm.

^ 1 ^"' Engl.) Eascim chlorophyllacece ternse — quaternas in quaque ccllula

nucleis ex substantia proteinicis cum jodinis agentia fuscoscentibus majoribus (nunc
decoloratis) instructa?. Qui nuclei sunt majores nucleis speciminum ex Germania.

FRESHWATER ALGAC.—P. F. REINSCH.

81

In singulis filis incopulatis inter Zygnemce eaespites. “ In a freshwater pool W.
of Swain’s Bay.” — (Distiiib. Europa borealis et centralis.)

1. Zygnema Vaucheri, Agardh; Z. subtile, KMz., Tab. Phyc. V. tab. 10,
fig. 1. Diam. cellular. 0,0108 mm. (t^"' Engl.) Eila omnia incopulata.

“ In a stream W. of Swain’s Bay, 20. 1. 1875.” — (Distrib. Europa.)

Speciminum in cbarta siccatorum cytioplasmatis structura distincte non per-
spicua, attamen tinctiira intensive lutea in cbarta effusa post aqua conspcrsa Zygne-
mam certissime indicat.

2. Zygnema afl3.ne, KUtz., Tab. Phyc. v. tab. 10, fig. 3. — Diam. cellular.

O, 0190— 0,0221mm. — t}^" Engl.) Longitude duplum usque triplum latitu-

dinis. Structura cytioplasmatis in singulis ccllulis bone conspicua.

In filis disporsis singulis inter Praparnaldiam distanteni. “ In a freshwater
pool W. of Swain’s Bay.” — (Distrib. Europa orientalis.)

1. Bulbochsete Species. Cellular, diam. med. 0,013mm. (yy/" Engl.)

Cellularum longitudo triplum latifudinis, collula basalis oblongo-pyriformis pcdicello
pediformi breviore.

In folds musci aquatici.

A PiilbocluBteis genere species observavi tres, specimina omnia sine fiorescentia
et fructificatione. Apud species singulas cellulas filorum et dimensionibus et forma
consontiunt ; qua de causa difllcillimc possunt determinari specimina sterilescentia.
Cellula; basalis et cellularum forma ac magnitudo aliqua similitudinc consentit cum

P. crenulata, Pringsh.

2. Bulboch.8ete Species. Cellula basalis pyriformis basi attenuata. Diam.
cellular. 0,013 mm. (y-Jy'" Engl.) — Forsan species propria.

Plantula singula in musci aquatici folio crescens.

3. Bulbochsete Species. Cellular, diam. 0,0108 — 0,0221mm. (y-^g — Engl.)
Cellulse paulo longiores quam latiores. Cellula basalis late pyriformis basi subito
in pedicollum pediforme angustata ; ramifleatio repetito dicbotome ramosa.

In foliis m.usci aquatici, in Nitellm ccllulis, ct in Sohizosiphonte Jeerguelensi.

Aliqua similitudinc consentit cum specie nova descripta et delineata in contribu-
tionibus meis, p. 81, tab. xiv. (chloropb.), fig. 4.

Specimina fere omnia observata ostendunt incrementi intensi, ut observamus in
speciminibus collectis in mensibus Maii et Junii in Europae regionibus mediis. In
evolutione setamm, qum brevissimo tempore fit, cellulae matricalis cytiodermatis
partes per cellulam fllialam se evolventem ad latus premuntur, et brevi tempore per-
manentes in hoc statu, post evolutis setis, dejiciuntur. Quse lamellm cytiodermatis
in boo tempore vitae in plurimis plantulis sunt observandae. Quod factum tempus
certum in bistoria increnrenti hujus plantulac nobis indicat. Plantulae Kerguele-
nenses in bieme collects representant statum evolutiones cjusdem spatii in nostris
regionibus mensibus Maii et Junii respondentem. Idem factum est observatum in
speciminibus Nitellm antarcticce, quae sunt in primo statu fiorescentiae.

82

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

1. Oedogonium delicatulum, Kutzing. Diam. cellular. 0,0066mm.

Engl.), longitudo 3plum — iplum latitudinis.

In singulis filis sterilesoentibus in foliis musci aquatici, et in Nitella insidentibus
observatum ; cellulaj basalis forma fllorum latitudo, cellularum longitudo cum
speoiminibus Europseis maxime consentit. — (Distrib. Europa, frequens.)

2. Oedogonium Species. Diam. cellular. 0,0112mm. Engl.),

longitudo 8plum — Opium latitudinis. Non possunt detcrminari specimina propter
penm'iam tloresocntioe et fructiflcationis. Complures species Fedogonionini maxime
consentiunt in cellularum forma ac magnitudine, ex qua causa non potest dici de
earum fila sterilia aliquid certi.

In filis singulis storiliscentibus in foliis musci aquatici.

1. Coleochsete scutata, JBr^bisson; Phyllactidium setigcrum, Kutzing, Tab.
Phyo. iv., tab. 87, iii.

In foliis musci aquatici in familiis planis planitieformibus plus minusvc regu-
lariter circumscriptis forma. Eamilioe complm’es in foliis angustioribus et in foliis
quibus lamina deest, in massas irregulariter spbsericas aggregatae.

Phyllactidium setigerum, Kiitz., et Coleochcete scutata, Kiitz., plantulae syno-
nymicso sunt, prima habcri potest forma setigera Coleochmteis scutatce. Speciminum
Kerguelenensium setai paulo sunt longiores et robustiores setis speciminum
Europeorum. (Distrib. Europa, America borealis.)

2. Coleochsete irregularis, Prings., Jahrb. f. wissensch. Pot. I860, ii., tab.
i., fig. 0, tab. vi. fig. 3-9. Diam. cellular. 0,0112 — 0,0126mm. (xi^— -ran '" E“gl-)

In Nitella superficiem cellularum dense incrustans. — Distrib. Europa, orientalis.

Cum speciminibus Europaiis maxime consentit plantula Kerguelenensis in
magnitudine et forma cellularum. Specimina plantulm quae observavi e diversis
locis Europae (Galliae et Gcrmaniie) consentiunt quoque in loco nataU (in Nitella:
cellulis, plerumque in Nitella syucarpa), et in crescendi modo.

1. AphanOChsete repens, Al. Braun. Diam. cellular. 0,011mm. (xi ;r”"
Engl.)

In foKis musci aquatici. Sine oogoniis, fila in foliis sicpc inter Algas minores
{Leptothrix, Tolypothrix) dispersa. Cum speciminibus Em'opaeis in omnibus parti-
bus consentit. — (Distrib. Europa, America borealis.)

Extra formam typioam filis substrato dense adpressis inTenitur quoque forma
peouliaris in speciminibus singulis dispersis forma. Eilis in corpuscula splimrica
et uTieformia accumulatis (pressione in filis singulis soluta).

1. Gongrosira pachyderma, Peinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 218.
Aquatica, parasitica, pulvinulos ex cellulis absque ordine (rarius in modo paren-
chymatis) colieerentibus formans, cellulis irregulariter splimricis usque ellipsoidicis
(omnibus ? fruotiferis) cytioplasmate granuloso colore paUide luteo-viridi, cytioder-
mato crassissimo plurilamelloso (usque cclluloe diametri transversalis dimidio

FRESHWATER ALGJE. — P. F. REINSCII.

83

0 equali). Diam. oellularum (cytioclcrm. inel.) 0,039 — 0,051mm. (Vj — jV" Engl.)
Cytioclermatis crassitude 0,0041 — 0,005Cmm. — jiV” Engl.)

In foKis musci aquatici. G. T)e Haryana, Rabonli. (El. Europ. Alg. ii., p. 388 ;
Alg. Eur. Nro. 223), proxima species (in lapidibiis lignisquo pr. Francofurtem ad
Oderam, Itzigsolm et De Bary.), differt cellulis minorilras in fllis .subramosis dis-
positis, cytiodermato tenuiore.

Melanopiiyce-E et Eiiodopiiyce.e.

Rhizocladia,* Nov. Genus (ad Phceosporeas Thurot spectans, Pleurocladim
Al. Braun proximum) .

Plantula ex strato procumbentc ex filis ramosis substrate viventi dense adbseren-
tibus formate et ex fdis erectis ramosis fruotiforis exstituta. Cellula; filorum pro-
cumbentium prime rectangularcs, setato provectiore ovales usque lageniformes.
Eila erecta singida aut liina ex cellulis filorum procumbentium orta, prime Integra
et ex cellulis tequalibus formata, demum subramosa et fructifera et ex cellulis
insequalibus formata. Tricbosporangia in apice filorum ercctorum ex Sis — Sis
cellulis quadraticis usque rcctangularibus formata. Oosporangia ?

1. mtizocladia repans, Heinsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 220. Character
idem generis. Longitude ccllul. explic. filer, n'pent. 0,0097 — 0,0112mm.
(ttjtt — E ngl.) Latitude cellular, filor. erect, juvenil. 0,0041mm. Engl.)

Latit. trichosporang. 0,0058mm. (-j-JV" Engl.) Plantulue explicitso altitude

0,056— 0,089mm. (;yV— tsV" Engl.)

In folds muscorum aquaticorum et in cellulis Nitella;.

Ilanc plantulam prime liabui proximam algm jam descriptoe et delineatas in
contributionibus meis (p. 70, tab. 14, Chloropbylloph.), qua; planta est constituta ex
filis ramosis procumbentibus. Ad banc plantam, nunc ad Cluctophoraceas positam
portinentes formas pestea inveni et ex filis procumbentibus et ex raniulis brevissimis
erectis exstitutas. Sed per compages pcculiarcs ex cellulis compluribus brevioribus
supra positis exstitutas sine dubio tricliosporangiis Melanophycearmn proximas
hujus plantulm positionem veram agnoscimus in systemate. Ccllula; singula; dis-
porsa; observantur in filis erectis singidis, ceteris cellulis crassiores et breviores
(oosporangia?), quai’um natiua vera in statu vivento tantummodo agnosci potest.
A gencre Pleurooladia. unico aqua; dulcis Imcusquo cognito Melanopltycearum
organis peculiaribus foecundatioms pimditarum dill'ert incrementi mode ac filorum
structura.

Tab. V., Eig. ii. — 1, plantulse juvenilis filis sterilescentibus asqualiter altis par-
ticulus, cellula; filorum repentium arctissimae intricata; (— fi) ; fig. 2, aliud specimen
csespituli expliciti filis erectis in statu vario evolutionis, filum singulum in apice
tricbosporangium (a) evolvens (-f-)-

* pi'^a radix, /fXaSa? ramus.

S4

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

1. Batracliospermum minutissiimim, Eeinsoh in Joum. Linn. Soc.
XV. 220 ; 0 minimis, oculis inarmatis vix conspicuum, parasiticum, fllis iiitegerrimis
erectis singulis aut perpaucis aggregatis, articulis inferioribus subouneiformibus
ajiioe paulo incrassatis, cellulis corticalibus 4is — Gis obtectis superioribus nudis
vectangularibus, ramulis vertioillorum integerrmiis (rarius singulis ramulis instruc-
tis) anqualibus, apicibus paulo angustatis ex cellulis 5is^ — 7is exstitutis apicem
fili versus sensim dccrcscentibus, inferioribus articulorum longitudine subaequantibus,
summis duplo-triplo longioribus, cellulis ramulorum reotangularibus usque sub-
quadraticis, cytiodermate cxtcriore tenuissimo vix conspicuo, cytioplasmate sub-
bomogeneo colore obscure olivaceo-viridl ; fructiflcatio ? — Diam. articulorum
0,0041— 0,0056mm. — jfg-'" Engl.) Diam. ramulorum 0,0041mm. Engl.)

PlantuloB altitudo 0,37— 0,45mm. (-) — Engl.)

In NitelltP. cellulis et in muscorum foliis, in filis singulis sparsis cum aliis
algis ( Tohjpotlirix, Leptothrix) intermixtis, rarius in cajspitulis parvulis.

B. tumklum, in CAom wii/ari crescens (Reinscb, Contributiones, p. 69, tab. xliv.,
Jlbodopb. fig. 1-5) a speciebus bucusque cognitis proxima species, sed valde
diversa dimensionibus omnium partium multo majoribus (3-41ineas longa), verti-
cillorum ramulis numerosis repetito dicliotome ramosis ; in ramulorum cellularum
forma aliqua similitudine consentit.

[The fresh- water species recorded by Eeinsoh are 106, to these may be added the
following mentioned in the Antarctic Flora: — Oscillcitaria pthrpurea, Hook. f.& Harv.,
Calothrix olivacea, II. f. & H., Ulva oristata, H. f. & H., Mastodia iessellata,
H. f. & H., Trypothallvs anastomoscms, 11. f. & II., NosIog commune, Vaucher, and
N. microscopicum, Carm., making a total of 113 species. This interesting Antarctic
island, therefore, so far as explored, appears to ho very rich in certain forms of fresh,
water Algce. — Q. Dickie.']

FUXGr.— jr. J. IJEEKELEY.

85

VII. — Fungi.

By the Eev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A., F.L.S.

[The Fungi collected in Kerguelen Island amount to 9 or 10 (the tenth being
still an undetermined form).*

T)r. Hooker obtained 2 species in the winter (May and June) 1810 ; Mr. Moseley
3 in addition to the same, during summer (December and January) 1873-4; Mr.
Eaton, also in summer, 5 determinable species, and 1 that could not be identified
(•see footnote), besides the species found by Dr. Hooker.

Until a fcAv days before Midsummer {1. e. Christmas) no Fungi were seen in the
vicinage of the English Observatory Bay. The first to appear was the common
mushroom, a single specimen of which was found on an island in the sound by some
officers from H.M.S. “ Volage.” Later in the summer the other four species came
up in a few places on the mainland. They were not by any means of frequent
occurrence, and jirobably scarcely’ any’ of them would be found at the time of year
corresponding with the date of Dr. Hooker’s visit to the island.— H. F. Faton.']

1. Agaricus (Galera) kerguelensis, Ferk. in Journ. Bot. v. 51 (1876) ;
et in Journ. lAnn. Soc. xv. 22. Caespitosus, fulvus, pileo e breviter campanulato
convexo Imvi carnuloso, margine tenui striata, stipite U 3 quali apice pulverulento-
granulato, lamellis distantibus ventricosis adnati.s.

Amongst moss in a bog on the eastward portion of the base of a promontory
E. of Vulcan Cove, January 1875, Fulon.

Caespitose, attached by abundant mycelium. Pilcus i inch across ; stem nearly
1 inch high, ^ to f line thick ; principal gills about 12 in number, shortly but truly
adnate, and not in the least decurrent.

It IS far more fleshy than any variety of A. hypnomm, to which species no doubt
it is closely allied ; and while agreeing with A. embolus in possessing comparatively
few gills, it differs from that species in the mode of their attachment.

2. Agaricus (Galera) hypnorum, Batsch.; Berk, in Journ. Linn. Soc
XV. 63.

Hal). — On Azorella. Januarv 1871. Moseley.

Spores -0001 inch long.

3. Agaricus (Kaecoria) furfuraceus, Pers. ; Berk, in Joum. Linn. Soc
XV. 221.

11..S .pec.es .s relcTcc to by Mr. Eaton (in P.-oc. liny. Soc. 187o, May. xxiii. 353) as ■■ a peculiar
parasite on AzorMa, wh.cb grows out of the rosette.s ” of the leaves “in the form of a clear jelly which
‘ becomes changed into a firm yolbwish substance of indefinite form.” It was common on the rides of
hills m the neighbourhood of the observatory towards the end of December, and a series of examples was
preserved m spirit, but they could not be worked out. ^

so

BOTANY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND.

Ill the same bog as A. kergiielensis, and at the same time, Eaton.

4. Agaricus (Naucoma) glebarum. Berk, in Flor. Antarct. 447, t. clxii.
fig. iii. ; et in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 53.

On Azorella, January 1874, Kerguelen Island, Hooker, Eaton. (Marion Island,
Moseley. On tufts of Bolax, Falkland Islands, Hooker.)

Spores '0003 inch long.

6. Agaricus (Psalliota) campestris, Linn. ; Berk, in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XV. 221. A. tP.) arvensis, Eaton in Proc. Boy. Soc. xxiii. 355.

On an island near Observatory Bay, in Royal Sound, IGtli December 1874. A
solitary specimen, Eaton. (Almost cosmopolitan.)

1. Coprinus atramentarius. Fries ; Eaton in Proc. Boy. Soc. xxiii. 356 ;
et in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 222 (footnote).

Two or three specimens were found singly close to the margins of two of the
lakes among the hills near Observatory Bay, in February 1875, Eaton.

2. Coprinus tomentosus, Fries ; Berk, in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 53.

On dung, January 1874, Moseley.

1. Peziza (Sarcosctph/e) kerguelensis. Berk, in Flor. Antarct. 451,
t. clxiv. fig. iii. ; Cooke, Mycol. fig. 134 ; et in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 53, 222.

Christmas Harbour, May and June, on bare boggy ground near the sea, growing
amongst Conferva, Hooker. Amongst dwarfed LeiMnella flumosa, on -wet ground
close to the shore, growing in rings, rare. One ring on an island in Swain’s
Bay, January, and another on the mainland near Observatory Bay, February 1875,
Eaton. Royal Sound and Betsy Cove, Moseley. (Hermite Island, Cape Horn, alt.
1,000 ft.. Hooker.)

1 . Sphaeria berbarum, Pers.

On dead stems of Pringlea, Eaton.

Trans of Venus Exped, Kerguelen Island. Botany. PI I-

J.MFitcb Jitt,

RAITUNCULUS THULLIFOLIUS, Hook.f.

Fitch ITDp.

M 4.N Hanhart imp

Ranunculus Moseleyi.j®/

Lyalha Kerguelensis.^-i:/

BoLany.Pl II

Trans, of Venus Exped.

Keruuelen Island

Pringlea antiscorbulioa.y®/

WHFrtcli a«l •tilth

Trans. of \fenus Exped

KeROUELEK ISLAt-ED

Botany, PI 111

J.N RtcK.htii

Botany. Pl.lV.

Trans, of Venus Exped

KERauEUEW Island

w^YinfjTil

JMFitcTn litk.

Trans, of Vemis Exped.

Kergu-ri.-en Island.

Botany. PI. V.

JM Fitch lith

FilcK imp

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