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ADDISONIA

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS

ANvo

POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS

OF

PLANTS

VOLUME 4
1919

PUBLISHED BY

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
(ADDISON BROWN FUND)

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CONTENTS

Part 1

Marcu 31, 1919
PLATE
121 Chamaecrista Deeringiana

122 Sedum spectabile

123 Crataegus succulenta
124 Limodorum Simpsonii
125 Celastrus articulatus
126 Okenia hypogaea

127. Mentzelia floridana
128 Ipomoea tenuissima .
129 Forsythia Fortunei
130 Penstemon Digitalis

Part 2
JuNE 30, 1919

131 Urechites pinetorum

132 Eupatorium maculatum

133 Heliotropium polyphyllum

134 Malus Halliana eee
135 Heliotropium Leavenworthii .
136 Penstemon calycosus

137. Rhabdadenia corallicola

138 Crataegus macrosperma

139 Oxydendrum arboreum

140 Eupatorium coelestinum

Part 3
SEPTEMBER 30, 1919

141 Paphiopedilum Rothschildianum
142 Hamamelis virginiana :
143 Arctotis grandis
144 Crataegus spathulata
145 Penstemon hirsutus
146 Orontium aquaticum
147 Echinopsis leucantha
148 Viburnum Lantana
149 Centaurea montana
150 Alonsoa meridionalis
111

Part 4

DECEMBER 31, 1919

Leucothoe Catesbaei
Bryophyllum crenatum
Lilium Henryi . . .
Crataegus Calpodendro
Elaeagnus multiflora
Bulbophyllum grandiflorum
Fagelia diversifolia
Euonymus patens
Poinsettia heterophylla
Penstemon tenuiflorus
Index

ADDISONIA

ADDISONIA

ca
i
ie

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS

Sete er AND
“POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS

PLANTS

VOLUME 4 NUMBER 1

MARCH, 1919

PUBLISHED BY

‘THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
(ADDISON BROWN FUND)

MARCH 31, 1919

ANNOUNCEMENT

A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by its late
President, Judge Addison Brown, established the

ADDISON BROWN FUND

“the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the
founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the
maintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class
magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration
by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its terri-
torial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or
its conservatories; with suitable descriptions in popular language,
and any desirable notes and synonomy, and a brief statement
of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated.”

The preparation and publication of the work have been referred
to Dr. John H. Barnhart, Bibliographer, and Mr. George V. Nash,
Head Gardener.

ApDDISONIA is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, June,
September, and December. Each part consists of ten colored plates
with accompanying letterpress. The subscription price is $10
annually, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not
be sold separately. |

Address:

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
BRONX PARK
NEW YORK CITY

Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as
completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the parts;
nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1, 2, and 3 has
been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate parts
can be supplied. New subscriptions will be accepted only as includ-
ing all earlier volumes.

LA.
1.

i ee)

an Ae oe

PLATE 121 ADDISONIA

CHAMAECRISTA DEERINGIANA

ADDISONIA 1

(Plate 121)
CHAMAECRISTA DEERINGIANA

Deering’s Partridge-pea
Native of southern Florida
Family CAESALPINIACEAE SENNA Family

Chamaecrista Deeringiana Small & Pennell; Pennell, Bull. Torrey Club 44; 345,
1917.

A perennial with few or several clustered or approximate stems
borne on a stout horizontal rootstock. The stems are erect or
nearly so, a yard tall or less, relatively slender, purple, purplish, or
red-tinged, ultimately glabrous or finely appressed-pubescent, es-
pecially above, usually simple, sometimes with few lax branches,
and commonly slightly zigzag. The stipules are lanceolate or
subulate-lanceolate, a half inch long or less, prominently ribbed,
slender-tipped. ‘The leaves are rather numerous, with pinnately
compound blades. The petioles are a quarter of an inch long or
less, finely pubescent, each with a brown ovoid or elliptic discoid
gland on the upper side, above or below the middle. ‘The leaf-
rachis is elongate, glandless, otherwise similar to the petiole. ‘The
leaflets are borne in mostly ten to twenty pairs; the blades are linear
to linear-lanceolate, or, in the case of the lower leaves, sometimes
broadened upward, mostly about a half inch long, acute or mucro-
nate, glabrous, shining, and when dry rib-veined on either side of
the excentric midrib; they are oblique at the rounded base which
is articulated to a cushion-like petiolule. The flowers are borne in
fascicles which terminate very short superaxillary branches, the
peduncles two to four together, or sometimes solitary, with lanceo-
late to subulate-lanceolate bracts which resemble the stipules. ‘The
calyx is glabrous or nearly so, bright green; the five lobes are slightly
unequal, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, a half inch long or less.
The petals are bright yellow, broadly obovate, the standard an
inch long or less, the other petals shorter than the standard, and
all somewhat concave, short-clawed or nearly sessile, the two lower
ones each with a pair of brown spots at the base. ‘The stamens,
numbering ten, are borne on an annular disk. ‘The filaments are
very short and stout, mostly about one twenty-fourth of an inch
long. ‘The anthers are subulate, except the slightly enlarged and
lobed apex, curved, glabrous, yellow or reddish, or yellow below
and brown at the tip. The gynoecium exceeds the stamens in
length; the ovary is decurved, linear above the abruptly bent and
slightly swollen base, finely appressed-pubescent; the style is fili-
form, curved, glabrous, except the base; the stigma is minute.
The pod is linear, usually narrowly so, one and a half to three and a
half inches long, brown, thick-walled, rather thick-margined,
scarcely stipitate, with a very short stout slightly curved beak.

2 ADDISONIA

The seeds are rhombic, a sixth of an inch long or less, dark purple-
brown, with irregular lines of glands on the sides, abruptly con-
tracted into a blunt tip at the base.

As late as the last decade of the last century only two kinds of
partridge-pea or wild sensitive-plant were generally recognized as
growing in the United States. All the plants were grouped under
two species, one with small flowers and one with large. As plant
collectors increased in number and began to push out beyond the
limits of the better botanically known portion of the United States
represented by our northeastern seaboard, many plants differing
decidedly from those before known were brought to light. One
species after another of Chamaecrista has been discovered and de-
scribed, until at the present time more than a dozen well marked
species are generally recognized by systematic botanists; over half
of these grow naturally in Florida.

The first specimens of the species under consideration were col-
lected in 1901. Less than a decade earlier a large partridge-pea
native in southern Georgia and Florida, an annual, commonly
growing to be more than two yards in height, and with a tap root,
was described as Chamaecrista brachiata. Deering’s partridge-pea
was at first confused with the annual just referred to. However,
its characters soon became evident; the most prominent one is the
stout elongated horizontal rootstock, which is quite an exception
in this genus. It is thus a perennial instead of an annual, and al-
though it is neither as tall nor as much branched as C. brachiata,
it is the largest flowered and most beautiful of our partridge-peas
or wild sensitive plants.

Like a large number of plants inhabiting the pine-woods where
forest fires have been frequent for ages, the plant here illustrated in
all probability assumed the habit of burying its main stem (root-
stock) beneath the surface of the ground. On the one hand it is
thus not in danger of being exterminated by fires sweeping through
the woods, and on the other a forest fire seems to increase its vigor,
for the plants growing on areas recently burned over present a
much more healthy appearance than those growing where fire has
not as recently swept the vegetation.

‘The specimens from which the accompanying plate was made were
collected by the writer in the pinelands on the reservation of Mr.
Charles Deering at Cutler, Florida, May 3, 1918.

Joun K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Rootstock.
Fig. 3.—Flower, sepals and petals removed, X 2. Fig. 4.—Pod.

PLATE 122 ADDISONIA

M E Ealon

SEDUM SPECTABILE

ADDISONIA 3

(Plate 122)
SEDUM SPECTABILE

Showy Sedum
Native of Japan?
Family CRASSULACEAE ORPINE Family

Sedum spectabile Boreau, Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine-et-Loire 20: 116. 1866.

A perennial herb, of robust, bushy habit, with erect fleshy stems,
one and a half to two feet high, bearing glaucous green leaves and
clusters of usually pink flowers. The fleshy leaves are usually in
whorls of three, sometimes opposite, the lower ones two inches wide
and three inches long, the upper slightly smaller; they are ovate to
spatulate, wedge-shaped at the base, and their margins are toothed.
The leaves of the inflorescence are small and entire. ‘The flowers
are numerous, in flat-topped, leafy cymes; their color is usually
pink, varying somewhat to white and purple. The sepals are
greenish, lanceolate, and acute, and are about one third the length
of the five lanceolate, spreading petals. ‘The stamens are ten in
nutnber, five of them short and attached to the petals near the base,
the other five nearly twice as long and alternate with the petals;
the filaments are white or pink and the anthers orange. ‘The ovary
has five cells, which ripen into five free follicles.

The showy sedum has been in cultivation since about 1860, under
various names given to it by horticulturists. It was first described
by Boreau in 1866. ‘The original plants were said to have been
introduced from Japan, but late records of the flora of that country
do not include Sedum spectabile, so its nativity is uncertain. Per-
haps this species is identical with the one cultivated by Vilmorin
before 1860, under the name Sedum Fabaria. It is one of the bushy,
robust sedums, closely related to the live-for-ever, S. triphyllum.

Although adapted to greenhouse culture, Sedum spectabile is best
grown in the herbaceous border; it likes a rather sandy soil and a
sunny location. Broad masses in the center of a border make a
sea of pink bloom in September, which attracts hundreds of butter-
flies and other flying visitors. Propagation is readily effected by
seeds, cuttings, or division of the clumps.

The plant from which the illustration was prepared has been in
the collections of the New York Botanical Garden for many years.

KENNETH R. BoyNnrTON.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Flower, cut
open, exposing the pistils, x 3. Fig. 3.—Petal, with stamens, X 2.

PEAT 123 ADDISONIA

CRATAEGUS SUCCULENTA

ADDISONIA 5

(Plate 123)
CRATAEGUS SUCCULENTA

Long-spined Thorn
Native of the northeastern United States and Nova Scotia
Family MALACEAE APPLE Family

Crataegus succulenta Schrad.; Link, Handb. 3:78. 1831.

A shrub or small tree of broad irregular habit and with ascending
branches, sometimes up to twenty-five feet tall, with gray bark and
shining chestnut-brown twigs; the numerous chestnut-brown thorns
are up to four inches long. The dark green leaves have petioles
from a quarter to three quarters of an inch long. ‘The blades are
coriaceous, shining and glabrous above, usually slightly pubescent
beneath, have an obovate or rhombic-ovate outline, and measure
up to three and a half inches long and two and a half inches wide;
they are acute at the apex and wedge-shaped at the base, with the
margins doubly toothed, except at the very base, and lobed above
the middle. ‘The flowers, which are a little less than an inch in
diameter, are in pubescent corymbs of a dozen or less; the calyx is
hairy, and its lobes lanceolate, long-pointed and with gland-tipped
teeth. The white petals are orbicular or nearly so. The stamens,
varying from ten to twenty, are usually ten, with their large anthers
pink or yellow. The styles are two or three. The globose pubes-
cent fruit isof a dark red color and shining, and has a diameter of
two thirds of an inch or less; its yellow flesh is sweet and pulpy and
contains two or three nutlets, each about a quarter of an inch long,
ridged on the back, and with the inner surfaces deeply pitted.

This is one of the earliest fruiting as it is one of the most attrac-
tive of our American thorns. As it grows in the New York Botan-
ical Garden it has a compact form, inclined to be shrubby rather
than tree-like, and is of rather slow growth. It bears an abundance
of fruit, of a rich dark red, which makes of it, in the early fall, one
of the most striking and handsome of our American plants. ‘This
showy fruit and the rather dwarf habit, with a well-marked outline,
make it of especial decorative value. The specimen from which
our illustration was prepared was raised in the New York Botanical
Garden from seed collected in Vermont by W. W. Eggleston.

The genus Crataegus is widely distributed, mainly in the temper-
ate regions of the northern hemisphere, but finds its greatest de-
velopment in America; here it extends southward into Mexico and
South America along the highlands. But eastern North America
is the center of its distribution, where it ranges as far north as New-
foundland; there are also a few species in the Rocky Mountain

6 ADDISONIA

states and on the Pacific slope. They are in their greatest abun-
dance, not only as to kinds but also as to individuals, in the lime-
stone formations of the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes regions, and
in those of the Missouri-Arkansas region, but few growing near the
Atlantic coast.

Up to the end of the nineteenth century there were less than a
hundred species of thorns known. With the advent of the twen-
tieth century, however, there was great activity in the study of
these plants, an activity so great that in the first decade about one
thousand North American species were proposed, many of them
based upon such trivial and variable characters that it is impossible
tomaintain them. When a rational treatment of this genus makes
its appearance the list of synonyms must of necessity be extremely
large, adding greatly to the confusion already existing in this diffi-
cult group.

The thorns are well adapted for hedges, borders, and screens,
their rigid thorn-beset branches making an excellent barrier against
both animal and man, and their showy flowers and handsome fruits
giving them great decorative value. When in flower they are cov-
ered with a mantle of white bloom, providing, if care be taken in
selecting species of different flowering periods, a mass of flowers from
the middle of May to the middle of June. Some of the forms ripen
their fruit late in August or early September, while others mature
theirs much later, giving the thorns a wide range of decorative
possibilities. The fruit is of recognized economic importance in
some localities, being used in the preparation of preserves and jel-
lies. When the wonderful development of the common apple is
considered, the possibilities of improvement in the thorns are prom-
ising.

Propagation is effected commonly by seeds, but hybrid forms and
those with double flowers may be propagated by grafting. The
seeds of some species germinate the first year, while in others two
years are required.

GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLaTE. Fig. 1.—Fruiting branch. Fig. 2.—Flowering
branch.

PLATE 124 ADDISONIA

LIMODORUM SIMPSONII

ADDISONIA ae

(Plate 124)
LIMODORUM SIMPSONII

Simpson’s Grass-pink
Native of Florida, the Bahamas, and Cuba
Family ORCHIDACEAE OrcHID Family

Limodorum Simpsonii Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 322. 1903.

Plants erect, a yard tall or less, bright green, glabrous. ‘The
leaves are usually three: the first is a short sheathing scale, the
second a long sheathing scale, each of them obliquely opened at
the top; while the third has a sheathing base larger than the first and
the second and terminates in an elongate linear blade. ‘The blade
is erect or nearly so, a quarter of an inch wide or less, often slightly
involute, somewhat fleshy, acuminate at the apex, with three to
five prominent ribs and more slender intervening ones. ‘The scape,
usually exceeding the leaf in length, is wand-like, terminating in a
more or less zigzag inflorescence-rachis which bears lanceolate to
ovate bracts at the nodes. The flowers are conspicuous, usually
few to several on a rachis, sometimes as many as thirty or
forty, the parts predominantly rose-purple or pink, or rarely white.
The median sepal is elliptic, about one inch long or less, abruptly
short-acuminate; the lateral sepals are broader and shorter than the
median one, inequilateral, and abruptly pointed. ‘The petals are
about as long as the median sepal, but with more nearly parallel
sides, and usually obtuse. Each sepal and petal has five to nine
parallel veins, which are connected by distant cross-veinlets. The
lip is about five-eighths of an inch long, with two small rounded
lateral lobes and a large middle lobe which has a broad obreniform
apex, apiculate in the sinus, terminating a narrow stalk-like base.
The column is paddle-shaped, with a stalk arising at the base of the
lip and dilated into a rhombic or obovate-rhombic blade near the
apex, where the anther and the stigma are situated. ‘The capsules
are ellipsoid, about three quarters of an inch long, sessile, but some-
times with a very short stipe-like base, appressed to the rachis and
subtended by the persistent bracts. The seeds are minute and very
numerous.

The Everglades of Florida have only two kinds of showy terres-
trial orchids. The one under consideration is the smaller plant,
but the more conspicuous of the two. It is widely distributed in
the ‘‘glades”’ but more abundant near the edges, where the ground
is dry for a considerable part of each year, than it is in the interior.

It flowers nearly throughout the year, at least in different parts
of the Everglades. It occurs either as scattered plants or in large
colonies; in the latter case the bright rose-purple flowers are very

8 ADDISONIA

conspicuous against the green herbage of the surrounding vege-
tation.

This plant, although seldom collected previous to the beginning
of this century, was persistently confused with the common north-
ern grass-pink, Limodorum pulchellum, which is also an inhabitant
of wet grounds. There are four other species in the southern
states, particularly in Florida, but they inhabit the pinelands.

The specimens on which this species was founded were collected
in southern Florida by J. H. Simpson in 1892. We have specimens
collected on Andros by Mr. and Mrs. Northrop in 1890. ‘The ear-
liest collection of this plant seems to be that of Charles Wright made
in western Cuba in the early sixties of the last century. In the
West Indies, as in Florida, Limodorum Simpsonii is an inhabitant
of marshes and savannahs.

The specimens from which the accompanying illustration was
made were collected by the writer in the Everglades between Florida
City and Bay Biscayne, April 29, 1918.

Joun K. SMA...

EXPLANATION OF PLatE. Fig. 1.—Base of stem. Fig. 2.—Inflorescence.
Fig. 3.—Lip and column. Fig. 4.—Fruit.

PLATE 125 ADDISONIA

CELASTRUS ARTICULATUS

ADDISONIA 9

(Plate 125)
CELASTRUS ARTICULATUS

Japanese Shrubby Bitter-sweet
Native of Japan and China
Family CELASTRACEAE STAFF-TREE Family

Celastrus articulatus Thunb. Fl. Jap. 97. 1784.
Celastrus orbiculatus Lam. Tab. Encyc. 2: 94. 1797.

A vigorous high-climbing shrub, bearing rather inconspicuous
greenish flowers and numerous golden-yellow fruits which burst
open, exposing the red arils of the seeds. Stems up to twenty feet
long, with the bark of the branches purplish or purplish gray and
that of the alternate widely spreading twigs purplish or yellowish
brown. ‘The glabrous leaves are alternate, with petioles a half to
three quarters of an inch long. ‘The blades are oblong, elliptic, or
obovate, to nearly orbicular, up to three inches long, abruptly
terminating in a short blunt point, acute at the base; the margin is
crenate-serrate. The flowers are borne in few-flowered short-
stalked cymes in the leaf-axils; the erect calyx-lobes, spreading
petals, and stamens are in fives; the linear-oblong petals are much
longer than the short rounded lobes of the calyx; in the pistillate
flowers the stamens are short and are not fertile. The glabrous
ovary (immature in the staminate flowers) is ovate, and is narrowed
into a columnar style with three recurved stigmatic lobes. The
golden-yellow capsule is about the size of a pea and splits into three
valves, exposing the red arils of the seeds. ‘The seeds are broadly
ellipsoid or nearly globose, brown.

One of the most vigorous of the woody hardy cultivated vines,
and related to our own shrubby bitter-sweet, Celastrus scandens;
but it is readily distinguished by the flower-clusters borne in the
axils of the leaves instead of at the ends of the branchlets, as in that
species. It is very showy in fruit, the yellow of the opened cap-
sule making a striking combination with the red of the arils. The
fruit, however, does not become conspicuous until the fall of the
leaves, whereas in our native species the fruit-clusters are borne on
the ends of the branchlets and so are plainly visible even while the
foliage is present. ‘This plant is also of more vigorous growth than
Celastrus scandens, and is well adapted for covering walls, old trees,
stony waste places, and other unsightly objects.

The drawing was prepared from a vine growing on some small
trees in the rear of the Museum building of the New York Botanical
Garden. It was of accidental occurrence there, and perhaps or-
iginated from seed carried by the birds from the large specimen in

10 ADDISONIA

the viticetum but a short distance to the east. That vine was raised
from seed secured in 1897 from the Royal Gardens, Kew, England.

The genus Celastrus, containing about thirty six species, is widely
distributed in the tropical and temperate regions, except Europe.
They are all woody, and for the greater part twining vines. Only
one species, Celastrus scandens, is known from continental North
America; there are a few in tropical America, including the West
Indies, a few others in Africa and Australia, but the great majority
of the species occur in eastern Asia.

They may readily be propagated by seeds, or by hard or soft wood
cuttings; propagation may also be effected by root cuttings or layers,
or by suckers which are freely produced.

GEORGE V. Nasu.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Fruiting branch. Fig. 2.—Branchlet with
staminate flowers. Fig. 3.—Staminate flower, X 4. Fig. 4.—Branchlet with
pistillate flowers. Fig. 5.—Pistillate flower, X 4.

RES) FS ADDISONIA

OKENIA HYPOGAEA

ADDISONIA 11

(Plate 126)
OKENIA HYPOGAEA

Dune-groundnut
Native of Florida and southern Mexico
Family ALLIONIACEAE Four-0’cLock Family

Okenia hypogaea Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5:92. 1830.

Plants with a stout tap-root from which few or many stems arise.
The stems and branches are prostrate, two to seven feet long, radi-
ally disposed and thus forming a broad mat. ‘They are tomentose
with short and long viscid-glandular hairs, very clammy. ‘The
leaves are opposite, sometimes clustered at the nodes, fleshy, very
unequal in size. The blades are ovate, a half inch to two and a half
inches long, obtuse at the apex, undulate-sinuate, broadly cuneate
to cordate at the base, bright green on the upper side, somewhat
paler beneath, pubescent with short and long viscid hairs on both
sides, but more closely pubescent beneath, closely ciliolate, rather
conspicuously ribbed, often prominently so beneath. ‘The petioles
are nearly as long as the leaf-blades or shorter, pubescent like the
stem and branches. ‘The short-pedicelled flowers are erect, arising
from a short-stalked involucre, which resembles a calyx, of three
ovate or ovate-lanceolate pubescent bracts. The calyx is very
showy, trumpet-shaped; the tube is green or nearly white, viscid-
pubescent without; the throat is white or green, glabrous; the limb
is bright rose-purple or sometimes deep-blue, an inch to an inch
and a quarter in diameter, or much smaller in the later flowers, with
the five spreading lobes notched. ‘The stamens are fifteen or fewer,
with the capillary filaments white or nearly so at the base, magenta
above. ‘The anthers are pale yellow, two-lobed. The ovary is
ovoid, terminated with a capillary style which is surmounted with
a depressed stigma. ‘The fruits are subterranean, produced from
the flowers that have buried themselves by the elongated pedicels
which are pubescent near the base and glabrous near the flower and
fruit; they are ellipsoid and about five-eighths of an inch long, with
a pale or white ten-ribbed pericarp.

One of the numerous surprises in the course of our botanical ex-
ploration of southern Florida was the discovery of this plant, not
previously known in the coastal region north of southern Mexico.
It was found by J. J. Carter and the writer on the sand-dunes
opposite Miami, in November, 1903. Curiously enough, it repre-
sents the species on which the genus Okenia was founded. The
original specimens were collected on sand-hills near Veracruz, about
the end of the first quarter of the last century by Christian
Schiede and Ferdinand Deppe. ‘The plant was little known up to

12 ADDISONIA

recent years. It grows in Florida from Soldier Key up the coast to
Baker’s Haulover about opposite Arch Creek on the mainland.

Like the peanut of commerce (Arachis hypogaea), the dune-
groundnut buries its flower in the sand and matures its fruits usu-
ally four to six inches under the surface. A young plant arises
from each fruit as a tuft of leaves with a large deep rose-purple or
nearly blue flower. Branches arise from the tuft of leaves, often
a dozen or sometimes more. ‘These radiate from the original root
and grow to a length of two to six feet or more, and flowers are borne
at each node of the branches and branchlets; the earlier are larger
than the later ones.

Not only is the plant conspicuous on account of its bright colored
flowers, but the leaves, bright green above and silvery-green be-
neath, make a strong contrast with the sand in which this plant
grows. The plant up to the calyx is clothed with clammy-viscid
hairs. When the loose sand in which it grows is blown over it, all
parts are clothed with the fine grains, which in this case are not
silica, but small fragments of sea shells which have been ground up
by the surf of the adjacent shore.

The dune-groundnut is very beautiful for a part of each year.
There seems to be no regular season for it, plants and colonies ap-
pearing according to the times the fruits ripen and the local condi-
tions favorable to their sprouting. Although this plant looks as if
it were a perennial, it really is an annual and when its season is past
and the leaves have disappeared, there remains a tangled mat of
brown branches and branchlets in place of the former beautiful
ground cover of green leaves. ‘The specimen from which the ac-
companying illustration was made was collected by the writer on
the sand-dunes near the ocean about seven miles north of Miami,
April 30, 1918.

Joun K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Portion of stem, with flowers and fruit.
Fig. 2.—Portion of flower, X 2.

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PLATE 127 ADDISONIA

MENTZELIA FLORIDANA

ADDISONIA 13

(Plate 127)
MENTZELIA FLORIDANA

Poor-man’s Patches
Native of Florida and the Bahamas
Family LOASACEAE Loasa Family

Mentzelia floridana Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 532. 1840.

Stems and branches reclining and clambering on other herbs or
on shrubs, diffuse, repeatedly dichotomous, finely fluted at maturity,
minutely glochidiate-hispid. The leaves are alternate, often quite
irregularly placed; the blades are ovate or deltoid and coarsely
toothed or lobed and hastate, three fourths of an inch to three and
a half inches long. ‘They are bright green, often shining and with
impressed veins above, paler, dull, and with prominent veins be-
neath. ‘The leaf margins are very uneven, with acute or obtuse
teeth or lobes; the surfaces are densely clothed when young with
scabrous hairs above and more numerous glochidiate and scabrous
hairs beneath, less hairy when older. ‘The bases of the leaf-blades
are broadly cuneate to subcordate. ‘The petioles are much shorter
than the blades; even in the case of the lower leaves they are rarely
one half as long asthe blades. ‘The flowers, borne in or near the axils
of leaves or branches, open in the forenoon. ‘The buds are conic-
ovoid and acute. ‘The sepals are lanceolate, one quarter to three
eighths of an inch long, concave, involute and thus subulate at mat-
urity, persistent and turning brown. The petals are bright yellow,
and sometimes salmon-colored without, broadly cuneate to orbicu-
lar-cuneate, three eighths to five eighths of an inch long, usually
abruptly pointed at the apex, concave, faintly striate. The stamens
are numerous, erect or nearly so, in groups; the filaments are fili-
form, yellow; the anthers are yellow, often pale. ‘The capsules are
nodding or divergent, with obconic bodies which are harshly and
usually densely glochidiate-hispid, except at the slightly depressed
apex, and narrowed into a short stipe-like base.

The genus Mentzelia, named in honor of Christian Mentzel (1622
-1701), a European botanist, was founded on a plant collected in
the West Indies, perhaps in the seventeenth century; this was the
only known member of the genus for many years.

The plant here illustrated was first found in eastern Florida in
the early part of the last century by William Baldwin. It was
discovered in the northeastern corner of the state, and was later
found at the southwestern extremity on Key West. It is common
on the Atlantic side, but less common on the Gulf Coast and evi-
dently does not extend as far north there. After the Florida spe-

cies was named and described, additional species, as well as several

14 ADDISONIA

related genera, were discovered in the western United States and
adjacent Mexico.

Mentzelia floridana is closely related to the type species, Mentzelia
aspera, of the West Indies, differing from it, however, rather prom-
inently in the less sharply cut leaf-blades, in the wingless filaments
of the outer stamens, and the stockier fruit. All parts of our plant,
except the corolla and the essential organs, are covered with barbed
(glochidiate) hairs. ‘These cause the stems, leaves and fruits to ad-
here to one’s clothing and to the bodies of hairy animals. So pro-
nounced is the tenacity with which the leaves cling to clothing, that
the plant is popularly known in its natural range as poor-man’s
patch; it is also called stick-leaf. When a leaf becomes attached
to clothing it cannot be pulled off as a whole, but must be removed
piece by piece. The capsules are thus well adapted for being dis-
persed by fur-bearing animals.

Its habitat is about hammocks and in clearings in hammocks.
In the dune hammocks facing the Gulf Stream this plant assumes
quite a different appearance from the form growing in hammocks
away from the shore. There the habit of growth and the leaves
often closely resemble the shore-sunflower (Wedelia trilobata).

The specimens from which the accompanying illustration was
made were collected by the writer in Brickell Hammock, Miami,
Florida, April 24, 1918.

JoHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Upper part of stem, with flowers and fruit.
Fig, 2.—Leaf.

PLATE 128 ADDISONIA

IPOMOEA TENUISSIMA

ADDISONIA 15

(Plate 128)
IPOMOEA TENUISSIMA

Cuban Morning-glory
Native of southern Florida, Cuba, and Hispaniola
Family CONVOLVULACEAE MORNING-GLORY Family

Ipomoea tenuissima Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 9: 376. 1845.

A diffuse tender herbaceous vine, with numerous stems arising
from thick perennial roots. ‘The stems and branches are slender,
villous-hirsute and somewhat downy, or nearly glabrous in age,
usually twining on herbs and low shrubs. ‘The leaves are pubescent
like the stem and branches, with the hairs usually prominently
pustulate at the base. ‘The blades are very variable in shape, rang-
ing from reniform or ovate to lanceolate or linear, usually sagittate
or hastate, mostly one to two inches long, deep green on both sides,
but slightly paler beneath, with the broad or narrow basal lobes
spreading or recurved. ‘The petioles are slender, as long as the leaf-
blades or shorter. The flowers are borne singly, or two or three
together in peduncled cymes. The peduncle is much longer than
the pedicels, which are subtended by subulate bracts. The green
or purple-tinged calyx is five-lobed; the three outer lobes are smaller
and narrower than the two inner ones, often pubescent on the back,
always ciliate with long hairs which are conspicuously pustulate at
the base, acuminate; the inner lobes are larger than the outer, gla-
brous, except sometimes for cilia near the apex, short caudate-
acuminate. ‘The corolla is funnelform, very tender, magenta, paler
on the limb than in the throat, one and a half to two inches long,
glabrous without, sparingly pubescent within on the lower part of
the tube; the limb is often somewhat pentagonal, spreading or with
slightly recurved edges, ‘The five stamens are included in the
corolla. ‘The filaments are filiform, the lower part of each, usually
about one half the filament, adnate to the corolla-tube, the upper
portion of the adnate part and the lower portion of the free part
softly pubescent with glandular hairs. The anthers are ellipsoid or
ovoid-ellipsoid, about one twelfth of aninchlong, obtuse. The ovary
is ovoid, sessile on an annular disk, with a ring or crown of erect
bristle-like hairs above the middle. The style is filiform above a
subulate base, glabrous; the two-lobed stigma is papillose. The
capsule is subglobose or depressed, a quarter of an inch in diameter
or less, short-beaked, pubescent near the top without, glabrous
within, seated in the calyx. ‘The seeds are black, glabrous.

Many kinds of morning-glories inhabit Florida, but among all
of them the species here illustrated has the most fragile and fuga-
ceous corolla. The flowers open, on fair days, for an hour or two in
the forenoon; when the corollas have expanded, a gust of wind or a

16 ADDISONIA

light shower of rain will quickly damage them, after which they
will soon wilt and disappear.

The vines usually grow prostrate on the rocky floor of the pine-
woods and the small leaves are of just about the same color as the
eroded and weathered rock. ‘Thus the plant is not readily notice-
able, except when the corollas are expanded. Sometimes the stems
twine over low shrubs and herbs.

This plant came to our notice on this side of the Gulf Stream when
the writer and his associates first entered the “homestead country,”
thirty odd miles southwest of Miami, in 1903. Previous to this
time the plant was definitely known only in Cuba, growing from
one end of that island to the other, although it is on record as
having been first found in Hispaniola.

In Florida, the Cuban morning-glory is confined naturally to the
pinewoods of the Biscayne pineland of the Everglade Keys. Sev-
eral years ago this plant became naturalized on the Florida Keys,
when the roadbed of the Key West Extension of the Florida East
Coast Railway was built on some of the islands of the Florida
Reef with rock taken from the Everglade Keys on the mainland.
Whether or not the plant will survive and maintain itself on the
Florida Keys under hammock conditions, instead of in the pine-
lands, is a question that remains to be answered.

Under normal soil conditions it is never luxuriant and branches
rather sparingly. However, when the roots are imbedded in the
artificially broken snow-white lime rock they commonly send out
scores of stems which branch freely and thus form large mats sup-
porting great quantities of flowers. We found it growing in this
luxuriant form on the Florida Keys.

The specimens from which the accompanying plate was made
were collected by the writer on the pinelands west of Cutler, Florida,
May 23, 1918.

Joun K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Upper part of flowering stem. Fig. 2.—
Leaf. Fig. 3.—Fruit.

PLATE 129 ADDISONIA

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FORSYTHIA FORTUNEI

ADDISONIA 17

(Plate 129)
FORSYTHIA FORTUNEI

Fortune’s Golden-bell

Native of China
Family OLEACEAE OLIVE Family

Forsythia Fortunet Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1864: 412. 1864.

An upright shrub of vigorous habit, the branches finally arching,
with the leaves often ternate, and the corollas with spreading twisted
segments. The bark of the younger branches is usually a yellow-
ish-brown, sometimes flushed with red. The opposite glabrous
leaves, are of a rich dark green above, paler beneath, have petioles
a quarter to a half inch long, and are usually simple, or frequently
ternate, especially on the vigorous shoots of the season. ‘The
blades of the simple leaves are ovate, usually rounded at the base
and acute at the apex, the margin serrate, except at the very base;
in the ternate leaves, the terminal leaflet is similar, but with a
wedge-shaped base, while the lateral leaflets are much smaller, com-
monly elliptic, often entire, and are obtuse or acute at the apex.
The numerous yellow flowers, about an inch long, arise from scaly
buds in the axils of the leaves of the previous year; they occur in
twos or threes, rarely more or singly, on pedicels commonly less
than a quarter of an inch long. ‘The erect sepals are shorter than
the tube of the corolla, rounded at the apex, and sometimes ciliate.
The deeply parted corolla is of a clear yellow, has four somewhat
ascending lobes which are linear-oblong, twisted, and with the apex
obtuse or sometimes retuse. "The two stamens are short and in-
serted at the base of the corolla tube. The ovary is superior and
bears a slender style, varying in length in different flowers, with a
two-lobed stigma. ‘The fruit is a two-celled dehiscent capsule.

One of the first shrubs to bloom in the spring, coming into blos-
som at the New York Botanical Garden usually the last week in
April, and the first of the golden-bells to flower, commonly appear-
ing a day or two ahead of those of Forsythia intermedia, a hybrid
between this and Forsythia viridissima, the last of the trio to
bloom. The long wand-like branches have the flowers more scat-
tered than in either of the other two, and generally of a paler color.
As a single specimen or in mass it is very effective, especially when
placed in front of tall evergreens, the brightness of the flowers
standing out vividly against the green.

This species was discovered in the fall of 1861 near Peking, China,
by Robert Fortune. Considered here as a species, a treatment
certainly to be preferred from the standpoint of the horticulturist,
it is by some placed as a variety of Forsythia suspensa, the type of

18 ADDISONIA

the genus, which was originally described by Thunberg in his Flora
Japonica as a lilac, under the name Syringa suspensa. ‘The plant
from which the drawing was prepared has formed for many years
a part of the golden-bell group near the Harlem Railroad Station
plaza.

The genus Forsythia contains four or five species, all but one of
which are natives of China, the exception occurring in Albania, a
country far removed from the home of the others; at present no
other species are known to occur between these widely separated
points, an unusual though not unparalleled instance of plant dis-
tribution.

Forsythias may be readily propagated by both greenwood and
hardwood cuttings, and by seeds. The ends of the branches in
drooping forms root when they touch the ground, and new plants
of these may be easily obtained by transplanting the rooted branch-
tips.

GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Leaves.

2 eae ADDISONIA

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PENSTEMON DIGITALIS

ADDISONIA 19

ft (Plate 130)
PENSTEMON DIGITALIS

Foxglove Beard-tongue
Native of the southwestern Mississippi Valley
Family ScROPHULARIACEAE Ficwort Family

Penstemon Digitalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 5: 181. 1837.

A glabrous herbaceous plant, from a short rootstock sending up
one or a few slender stems, each terminating in a panicle of many
white flowers. The erect stems are two to four feet tall. The
leaves are of two types: those of the winter rosette, in summer
persisting at the base of the stem, are prevailingly ovate and petioled;
those of the stem itself are narrower and sessile, the upper clasping
by a rounded base; all are light-green, slightly paler beneath, with
denticulate to nearly entire margins. The panicle, about one third
the height of the plant, is rounded-pyramidal, composed of pairs of
branches borne in the axils of much reduced bract-like leaves; each
branch terminates in two flowers subtended by a pair of bracts,
from the axils of which two new branches arise to repeat the process
—a peculiar branching usually repeated for several stages further.
The flowers are borne on pedicels about one fourth of an inch in
length. ‘The five sepals are usually slightly longer than this,
lanceolate and long-attenuate, and, like the pedicels, are slightly
pubescent with stalked dark brown glands. ‘The corolla is about
one inch long; the basal third, the “tube,” is narrow and horizon-
tally flattened; distally from this is the ‘‘throat,” strongly inflated,
arched posteriorly and slightly two-ridged within anteriorly, with
an open mouth; the five corolla-lobes are ovate and rounded, the
two posterior, forming the upper lip, upcurved and somewhat
spreading, the three anterior deflexed-spreading; the corolla is white
throughout, or usually with violet lines within on the anterior side;
externally it is finely pubescent with gland-tipped hairs, and within
the mouth over the bases of the anterior lobes it is pubescent with
white hairs. ‘The five stamens, alternate with the corolla-lobes,
are remarkably modified: the posterior, which is deflected to lie
against the anterior lip, is sterile, forming no anther, the white
flattened filament bearing on its posterior face a bristle-like beard
of yellow hairs; the others, which all develop anthers, have filaments
of two lengths, the antero-laterals longest, and are arched so that
the anthers approximate in pairs against the posterior side of the
throat; the four anthers are alike, each of two widely-divaricate
oblong, violet-gray, usually pubescent sacs, each sac opening by a
slit its entire length. The pistil is of two carpels, with a two-celled
ovary, a slender white style, and a small capitate stigma. ‘The
pyramidal woody-walled capsule opens by splitting from the apex
for a portion of its length, the primary fissure dividing the partition-
wall between the cells, the secondary slighter fissure opening some-

20 ADDISONIA

what each cell; the lance-like central placenta, originally a part of
the partition-wall, breaks down distally, so affording a free common
egress for the seeds at the opened capsule-apex. The numerous
seeds are polyhedrons of five or six faces, gray-brown, the outer
seed-coat being conspicuously reticulate.

Because this is the best-known of all our beard-tongues, and the
one that thrives most easily under cultivation, it seems the logical
one with which to introduce a series of illustrations and studies of
Penstemon. It may be found in almost any botanical garden, and
beyond the suggestion to sow the seed in rich open loam, no directions
need be given for its culture. Indeed, that it is capable of thriving
quite without attention, the history of its introduction into the
eastern United States shows. Only a little over eighty years ago
the botanical explorer, Thomas Nuttall, discovered the species of
the prairies of the Arkansas River, probably in what is now the
state of Oklahoma—to-day it may be seen in sufficient abundance in
the pasture-fields about his home-city, Philadelphia. Indeed the
strong-smelling, rank-growing foxglove beard-tongue is far from
popular with the farmers of that section.

However, the plant is worthy of all its popularity with lovers of
beautiful flowers. ‘The abundance of bloom, the stately dignity of
each inflorescence which makes each stalk seem in itself a trophy, the
delicacy of outline and purity of color of each flower—all make this
a plant the first finding of which the amateur remembers. And
for the scientist the study of the inflorescence, flower or fruit gives a
wealth of significant detail.

Penstemon is one of the largest plant-genera in North America,
and, as only one species occurs beyond this continent, the genus
might almost be constituted a pan-continental floral emblem. In
beauty any one of the species is worthy of such honor—the corolla-
form has grace and distinction, and in color there is great variety—
a few species are yellow, more are red or white, and the large major-
ity are lavendar, purple, or blue, climax-colors of the plant-world.
The genus is fundamentally one of the most natural known—
the unique stamen-structure especially emphazing the genetic
kinship of the whole—yet whatever type of corolla may have been
primitive has evolved into a diversity so rich that its interpretation
becomes one of the most fascinating problems offered by systematic
botany.

FRANCIS W. PENNELL.

EXPLANATION OF PLaTE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—LLeaves.

Fig. 3.—Flower, opened, exposing stamens. Fig. 4.—Anther, rear view, X 5.
Fig. 5.—Anther, front view, X 5. Fig. 6.—Fruit. ;

FORMER PLATES

PLATE 1; RHODODENDRON CAROLINIANUM PLATE 62. EPIDENDRUM OBLONGATUM

PLATE 2... CASSIA POLYPHYLLA > PLATE 68. AESCULUS: PARVIFLORA
PLATE 8. ROBINIA KELSEY! PLATE 64. MICRAMPELIS. LOBATA
PLATE. 4. PACHYPHYTUM LONGIFOLIUM | PLATE 65. BOMAREA EDULIS
PLATE 6. BEGONIA COWELLIT PLATE 66. ASTER TATARICUS
PLATE) 6. ECHEVERIA SETOSA PLATE 67... PACHYPHYTUM. BRACTEQSUM
PLATE 7. COLUMNEA GLORIOSA PLATE 68... HARRISIA. MARTINI
PLATE 8. FOUQUIERIA FORMOSA PLATE 69.. ONCIDIUM PUBES
PLATE 9. MAXILLARIA RINGENS PLATE 70. RAPHIOLEPIS UMBELLATA
PLATE 10. NOPALEA AUBERI PLATE 71. ROSA ‘‘SILVER MOON’?
PLATE 11. .CRINUM AMERICANUM PLATE 72. DENDROBIUM ATROVIOLACEUM
PLATE 12, OLETHRA ALNIFOLIA PLATE 73. CENTRADENIA FLORIBUNDA
PLATE 18. ECHEVERIA CARNICOLOR © PLATE 74. PIAROPUS. AZUREUS
PLATE 14. MINA LOBATA PLATE 75. SOLIDAGO ALTISSIMA
PLATE 15. CLERODENDRON TRICHOTOMUM PLATE 76. PENTAPTERYGIUM SERPENS
PLATE’16. NOTYLIA SAGITTIFERA PLATE 77. FREYLINIA LANCEOLATA
PLATE 17. .EXOGONIUM MIGRODACTYLUM PLATE 78. ANNESLIA TWEEDIE)
PLATE 18. VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS ‘> PLATE 79. CRASSULA QUADRIFIDA
PLATE 19. . OPUNTIA MACRORHIZA »-- PLATE 80. ASTER CORDIFOLIUS
PLATE 20, COMMELINA COMMUNIS PLATE 81, ARONIA ATROPURPUREA
PLATE 21. ADOXA: MOSCHATELLINA PLATE 82. ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE
PLATE 22. SISYRINCHIUM BERMUDIANA PLATE 83A. GYMNOCALYCIUM MULTIFLORUM
PLATE 23. COLUMNEA HIRTA © PLATE 83B. GYMNOCALYCIUM MOSTI!
PLATE 24. PEDILANTHUS SMALLII PLATE 84, EUONYMUS ALATA
PLATE 25. CREMNOPHILA NUTANS PLATE 85... DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA
PLATE 26. PITHECOLOBIUM GUADALUPENSE PLATE 86, LEPADENA MARGINATA
PLATE 27. ANTHURIUM GRANDIFOLIUM PLATE 87. MAACKIA AMURENSIS BUERGERI
PLATE 28. EPIDENDRUM PALEACEUM PLATE 88. HIBISCUS OCULIROSEUS
PLATE 29. BEGONIA WILLIAMSII PLATE 89. . CORNUS OFFICINALIS
PLATE 30. ONCIDIUM UROPHYLLUM PLATE 90. OPUNTIA LASIACANTHA
PLATE 31A. SEDUM DIVERSIFOLIUM PLATE 91. COTONEASTER SIMONSII
PLATE 31B. SEDUM ‘HUMIFUSUM PLATE 92. ECHEVERIA NODULOSA
PLATE 82. CATASETUM SCURRA PLATE 93. HELIANTHUS ORGYALIS
PLATE 83. CHIONODOXA LUCILIAE GIGANTEA PLATE 94.. SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS
PLATE 34. AGAVE SUBSIMPLEX 2 LAEVIGATUS
PLATE 35. DASYSTEPHANA PORPHYRIO © PLATE 95. SINNINGIA SPECIOSA
PLATE 36. RHUS HIRTA DISSECTA PLATE 96. STYLOPHORUM DIPHYLLUV
PLATE 37. CYMOPHYLLUS FRASER} PLATE 97. ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA
PLATE 88. OPUNTIA VULGARIS PLATE 98. HAMAMELIS JAPONICA
PLATE 39. TILLANDSIA SUBLAXA PLATE’ 99. 4IBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS
PLATE 40, ECHEVERIA AUSTRALIS PLATE 100. SOBRALIA SESSILIS
PLATE 41. NOLINA TEXANA PLATE 101, CORNUS MAS
PLATE 42. TRICHOSTERIGMA BENEDICTUM PLATE 102. SOLIDAGO SQUARROSA’
PLATE 48, BENTHAMIA JAPONICA FLATE 103. CALLICARPA JAPONICA
PLATE 44. DIRCAEA MAGNIFICA PLATE 104. ASTER LAEVIS
PLATE 46. BUDDLEIA DAVIDI PLATE 105. OPUNTIA OPUNTIA
PLATE 46. GONGORA TRUNCATA ALBA PLATE 106. ILEX SERRATA ARGUTIDENS
PLATE 47. WERCKLEOCEREUS GLABER PLATE 107, OTHONNA CRASSIFOLIA
. PLATE 48. DUDLEYA BRANDEGE! PLATE 108, MAGNOLIA KOBUS
'. PLATE 49. ABELIA GRANDIFLORA PLATE 109. CRASSULA PORTULAGEA
. PLATE 50. PEPEROMIA OBTUSIFOLIA PLATE 110. VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM
"PLATE 51. SOLIDAGO JUNCEA PLATE 111... SYMPHORICARPOS
(> PLATE 52. ECHEVERIA MULTICAULIS SYMPHORICARPOS
-) PLATE 53. CATASETUM VIRIDIFLAVUM PLATE 112.’ SPIRAEA THUNBERGII
_ PLATE 654.) SAGITTARIA LATIFOLIA / PLATE 113. . COREOPSIS LEAVENWORTHIL |
’ PLATE 68. BACCHARIS HALIMIFOLIA PLATE 114. ECHINACEA PURPUREA
PLATE 56. XANTHISMA TEXANUM PLATE 115. LANTANA DEPRESSA
a PLATE 67... SEDUM BOURGAE} PLATE 116, ILEX VERTICILLATA
* PLATE 68. CIMICIFUGA SIMPLEX. PLATE 117... VIORNA BALDWINII
PLATE 69. FENOA SELLOWIANA PLATE 118. JUSSIAEA’ PERUVIANA
PLATE 60, ASTER AMETHYSTINUS PLATE-119.. SALVIA FARINACEA

> PLATE 61. HARRISIA GRACILIS PLATE 120. DIANTHERA CRASSIFOLIA

PLATE 121.
PLATE 122,
PLATE 123.
PLATE 124,
PLATE 125.
PLATE 126.
PLATE 127.
PLATE 128.
PLATE 129.
PLATE 130.

CONTENTS

CHAMAECRISTA DEERINGIANA
SEDUM SPECTABILE
CRATAEGUS SUCCULENTA
LIMODORUM SIMPSONI!!
CELASTRUS ARTICULATUS
OKENIA HYPOGAEA
MENTZELIA FLORIDANA
IPOMOEA TENUISSIMA
FORSYTHIA FORTUNE!
PENSTEMON DIGITALIS

DDISO NTA

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS
ok r AND

_ POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS

OF

PLANTS

VOLUME 4 NUMBER 2

ae JUNE, 1919

PUBLISHED BY

| a THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

IARRISON BROWN FUN D)

JUNE tae 1919

ANNOUNCEMENT

A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by its late
President, Judge Addison Brown, established the

ADDISON BROWN FUND

“the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the

founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the

maintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class ©

magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively.to the illustration
by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its terri-

torial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or ~

its conservatories; with suitable descriptions in popular language,
and any desirable notes and synonomy, and a brief statement
of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated.”

The preparation and publication of the work have been referred
to Dr. John H. Barnhart, ret ea ae and Mr. George V: Nash,
Head Gardener. |

ADDISONIA is pusheied as a quarterly magazine, in March, Fane:
September, and December. Each part consists of ten colored plates
with accompanying letterpress. The subscription price is $10
annually, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not
be sold separately.

Address:

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
BRONX PARK |
NEW YORK CITY

Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONTIA as
completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the parts;
nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1, 2, and 3 has
been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate parts
can be supplied. New subscriptions wll be i lage only as includ-
tng all earlier volumes.

=

oe ee Ys -
OR OE ae” ACS FO A ee ek Ne ae ee ee ae TL”

PLATE 131 ADDISONIA

MEE Alon

URECHITES PINETORUM

ADDISONIA 21
(Plate 131)

URECHITES PINETORUM
Wild Allamanda
Native of southern Florida
Family APOCYNACEAE DOGBANE Family

Urechites pinetorum Small, sp. nov.

A gray-green plant with an underground stem, the branches
erect, usually simple and less than a yard tall, rarely slightly more
elongate and sparingly branched and sprawling or reclining, copi-
ously fine-pubescent. ‘The leaves are opposite, commonly spread-
ing, usually rather close together, one and a half to three inches long.
The blades are obovate, oval, or elliptic, gradually or abruptly
narrowed into short petioies, dull, copiously fine-pubescent at
least when young, persistently pubescent but with the hairs some-
times scattered at maturity, becoming finely reticulate, especially
beneath, more or less revolute, with the midrib closely soft-pubes-
cent. ‘The flowers are borne in lateral racemes, usually few together,
somewhat nodding. ‘The calyx is green, finely pubescent, with
lanceolate-subulate, somewhat involute, acuminate lobes. ‘The
corolla is yellow, showy, with a tube about as long as the calyx, a
campanulate throat, and a limb two and a half to three and a half
inches wide. ‘The lobes of the limb are about as wide as long,
oblique and obliquely pointed. ‘The anther-bodies are lanceolate-
sagittate, nearly a half inch long, each with two curved appendages
at the base and an elongate slender strap-like appendage at the
apex. The filaments are stout and only about one third as long as
the anther-bodies, pubescent. The style and stigma are glabrous.
The follicles are paired, elongate-subulate, three and a half to seven
and a half inches long, curved, finely fluted and minutely pubescent
in age. ‘The seeds are numerous, each terminated with a tuft of
silky hairs longer than the body and beak. ‘The seed-body is
linear-cylindric, less than a quarter of an inch long, brown and
tipped by a slender beak.

Most of the flowers of the northern species of the dogbane family
are small and inconspicuous or relatively inconspicuous. However,
in the tropics there are many kinds with large and showy flowers.
In northern conservatories and in southern gardens the allamandas
are striking plants on account of their beautiful green foliage and
the showy yellow flowers. The hammocks and pinelands of tropical
Florida harbor several handsome plants of the dogbane family.
Those with yellow corollas are often popularly known as wild
allamandas.

22 ADDISONIA

The best known one and that most common in southern Florida
and the neighboring Bahama Islands is botanically known as
Urechites lutea. ‘This species was first found in the Bahama Islands
in the earlier part of the eighteenth century, and it was illustrated in
color by Mark Catesby in his Natural History of Carolina, Florida,
and the Bahama Islands. This same plant is common in the
hammocks of the Florida Keys. ‘There it occurs as a vigorous vine,
sometimes climbing to the top of tall trees where it forms a mat of.
tangled branches which bear rather large yellow flowers.

The wild allamanda here illustrated has a restricted geographic
range. It occurs, as far as we now know, only on the Biscayne
Pineland of the Everglade Keys, particularly in the vicinity of
Cocoanut Grove, Florida. It is strictly an inhabitant of the pine
woods, and not of the hammocks. Unlike its relative, Uvechites
lutea, itis not a climber. Its stems are erect. Sometimes, late in
the season, it produces flagellate branches which recline, but it is
not known to climb, even when there is shrubbery adjacent for it
to lay hold of. Like a number of other plants growing in woods that
have been fire-swept for ages, this plant has an underground stem
which is well protected in the small erosion-holes of the limestone
rock on which it grows. ‘The forest fires may burn off the branches,
but the stem is not harmed by fire.

Specimens in flower were collected near Cocoanut Grove, Florida,
by Small and Wilson, May 9, 1904 (no. 1714), and may be taken as
the type of this new species; characteristic fruiting specimens were
collected by Small and Carter, near Kendall, Florida, November 5,
1906 (no. 2654). The plants from which the accompanying illus-
tration was made were collected in the pine woods west of
Cocoanut Grove, Florida, April 25, 1918, by the writer.

Joun K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruit.

ie
ah raat / gt,

U

ma r

PE >

PLATE 132 ADDISONIA

ye. Foton

EUPATORIUM MACULATUM

ADDISONIA 23
(Plate 132)

EUPATORIUM MACULATUM
Spotted Joe-pye Weed
Native of northeastern North America

Family CaRDUACEAE THISTLE Family

Eupatorium maculatum 1. Cent. Pl. 1: 27. 1755.
Eupatorium purpureum maculatum Darl. Fl. Cest. 453. 1837.

A stout erect leafy perennial two to six feet high. ‘The stem is
solid, terete, strongly purplish tinged, and more or less sulcate;
it is thickly spotted with dark purple linear markings, and is
glandular-pulverulent below and glandular-pubescent in the in-
florescence. ‘The leaves below the inflorescence are in whorls of
three or four and there are a very considerable number of these
whorls; the leaves are ovate or ovate-lanceolate, three to nine inches
long and two to three inches wide; they are sharply doubly serrate,
acute or acuminate at the apex and tapering at the base to the
rather short petiole; they are thickish, with very prominent veins
on both sides, smooth or nearly so above, and glandular and more
or less pubescent beneath. ‘The heads of flowers are very numerous
in a terminal more or less elongate cyme and are on short slender
pedicels. ‘The involucres are oblong-cylindric, and about four or
five lines long; the scales are imbricate in four or five rows, and
strongly tinged with reddish purple; they are narrowly oblong,
obtuse, thin, and slenderly few-nerved; each involucre contains
some six to eight similar flowers, the upper portions of which some-
what exceed the involucre. The pappus is white, not very copious
and sparingly barbed upwards under a microscope. ‘The corollas
are purplish tinged and the lobes are erect or but little spreading
and are somewhat shorter than the anthers. ‘The styles are purple,
elongate and very slender. The achenes are very slender, one
quarter to one third of an inch long, angular, resinous-dotted, and
tapering at the base to a sharp point.

The joe-pye weeds with their very numerous purple flowers occur
in great abundance in the northeastern part of North America.
Around New York they furnish a very considerable share of the
brighter coloring of our swamps and woods in late summer and
autumn. ‘The species here illustrated is the most conspicuous one
of all, not only on account of its bright red-purple heads, but also
because it grows in such wonderful luxuriance in the open swamps.
It is a conspicuous plant in the vegetation of the north meadow
in the New York Botanical Garden; it was from a specimen obtained

24 ADDISONIA

here that the illustration was prepared. It is in truth one of our
most showy wild-flowers, but its attractiveness is sadly marred
by the disagreeable and foetid odor given off by its numerous
glands at flowering time.

As I am acquainted with it, it is a most typical member of the
flora of the tussock-sedge (Carex stricta) swamps, and I do not
remember having seen it elsewhere. The manuals give it a most
extensive range, as from Newfoundland to British Columbia, and
south to Kentucky and New Mexico, but this range is open to very
considerable doubt.

The plant here described is the one which for many years has
been passing in all our floras as Eupatorium maculatum, but it is
to be noted that the description of Linnaeus apparently applies

better to another plant.
KENNETH K. MACKENZIE.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Flower-head,
xe:

a) meatus
elias ce ttt

PLATE 133 “ADDISONIA

HELIOTROPIUM POLYPHYLLUM

ADDISONIA 25

(Plate 133)

HELIOTROPIUM POLYPHYLLUM
White Heliotrope

Native of southern Florida and tropical America
Family HELIOTROPIACEAE HELIOTROPE Family

Heliotropium polyphyllum Lehm. Neue Schr. Nat. Ges. Halle 3:9. 1817.
Schleidenia polyphyila Fresen. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8!: 36. 1857.

Plants a yard tall or less, usually erect, the stem simple below
the inflorescence or branched at the base and throughout, with the
branches ascending or partly decumbent, strigose, leafy, with
ultimately brown or reddish thin bark exfoliating in age. The
leaves are alternate, spreading or ascending, rather close together,
sometimes approximate, mostly one half to one inch long. ‘The
blades are linear to narrowly elliptic, or sometimes slightly broad-
ened upward, short-petioled, acute or short-acuminate, finely
strigose, often more copiously so than the stem and branches,
entire, commonly slightly revolute. The flowers, borne in scorpioid
elongating racemes which terminate the stem and the branches,
are crowded near the tip of the rachis. The bracts subtending the
flowers are ovate, oval, or elliptic, less than half an inch long.
The flower-stalks are short and stout. ‘The calyx is pubescent like
the leaves, with a turbinate to broadly campanulate tube and five
lobes. The lobes are longer than the tube and various in size
and shape; the two outer are ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, the
three inner rather shorter than the outer, lanceolate, acute or short-
acuminate. The corolla is mainly white, finely pubescent without;
the tube is shorter than the calyx, more or less swollen at the
middle; the limb is five-lobed and pentagonal in outline, usually
three eighths of an inch wide, greenish at the center where the
throat is partly closed by retrorse appendages with deltoid lobes,
these apparently ovate by the inrolling of the margins, about as
long as the body of the limb. ‘The five stamens are included in the
corolla-tube, with the filaments adnate to the corolla-tube for the
greater part of their length, the free portion short but slender.
The anthers are conic-lanceolate, about an eighteenth of an inch
long. The gynoecium is included in the corolla-tube. The ovary is
seated in a short disk and surmounted by a cylindric style. The
stigma is annular and surmounted by a conic, somewhat two-lobed
appendage. The fruit is a depressed globose-ovoid obscurely
four-sided nut, minutely pubescent, with a cavity at the apex where
the style was attached.

There are three conspicuous heliotropes in southern Florida, two
of them with yellow flowers and one with white. One of the yellow-

26 ADDISONIA

flowered kinds is an erect shrubby plant of the Everglades (see
plate 135 of this work), the other is a prostrate herbaceous plant of
the rocky pinelands of the Everglade Keys. The species here illus-
trated is white-flowered and grows in hammocks on the eastern
coast of Florida and on low prairies on the western side of the
peninsula.

This plant was discovered in Brazil and was first described in
1817, figured in 1821, and first found in Florida about the middle of
the last century. Thus it represents one of a number of plants
common to Florida and South America whose seed may have been
carried north or south by migratory birds.

The most luxurient growth yet encountered, is in the Deering
Hammock at Cutler. There it occurs as a robust plant, often a
yard tall. On the prairies west of the Everglades it is usually, if
not always, stunted, but quite abundant. Large areas of the
prairies are often carpeted with a low growth of it.

Like its yellow-flowered relative of low situations, Heliotropium
Leavenworthii, the flowers of this heliotrope are very faintly fragrant
or inodorous, while the flowers of another relative, Heliotropium
horizontale, of the pine-lands of the Everglade Keys, are as fragrant
as those of the commonly cultivated heliotrope, Heliotropium peru-
vianum.

The specimens from which the accompanying illustration was
made were collected by the writer in the Deering Hammock,
Cutler, Florida, May 13, 1918.

JouHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Root. Fig.
3.—Calyx, X 3.

PLATE 134 ADDISONIA

MALUS HALLIANA

ADDISONIA 27
(Plate 134)

MALUS HALLIANA
Hall’s Apple

Native of western China
Family MALACEAE APPLE Family

Malus Halliana Koehne, Gatt. Pom. 27. 1890.
Pyrus Halliana Voss, Vilmorin’s Blumengartn. ed. 3. 1: 277. 1896.

A shrub or small tree up to fifteen feet high, with a loose open
crown, the bark of the branches reddish brown. ‘The glabrous
leaves, which are convolute in the bud, are leathery; the petioles,
glabrous at maturity, are commonly a half inch long or less. The
blades are elliptic-oblong, those on the new shoots often ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, up to two and a half inches long and an inch
wide, the apex as well as the base acute, or the base rounded in
those of the new shoots; the upper surface is rather dark green
and glabrous, except the hairy and glandular midrib, the lower
surface much paler, glabrous; the margins are crenate-serrate.
The rose-colored flowers, in umbels of two to six, are on slender
drooping red or purple pedicels one to two inches long. ‘The calyx,
of the same color as the pedicel, has the lobes ovate, about half
as long as the tube, and either acute or obtuse at the apex. ‘The
petals are oval, rounded at the apex, and of a rose color. ‘The
stamens are about twenty. The styles are four or five, united
almost to the middle. ‘The fruit is about the size of a pea, is
abruptly contracted into a thickened pedicel, and is of a brownish
red; the seeds are about a sixth of an inch long.

Among our decorative shrubs and trees this is one of the most
charming, sending forth an abundance of beautiful rose-colored
flowers usually late in May in the vicinity of New York. It is of
well-rounded habit, with spreading branches which are not too
closely crowded, thus giving an airiness and lightness to the tree
not possessed by all apples. A native of China, it has long been
cultivated in Japanese gardens. About 1863 it was introduced
into American gardens by Dr. G. R. Hall, an American physician,
who made his home in China and Japan for many years. It is
hardy as far north as Massachusetts. The illustration was pre-
pared from a specimen of this plant which has been in the collections
of the New York Botanical Garden since 1896.

GEORGE V. Nasu.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruiting
branch.

PLATE 135 ADDISONIA

ut E Eafon.

HELIOTROPIUM LEAVENWORTHII

ADDISONIA 29

(Plate 135)

HELIOTROPIUM LEAVENWORTHII
Yellow Heliotrope

Native of southern Florida
Family HELIOTROPIACEAE HELIOTROPE Family

Heliotropium polyphyllum Leavenworth A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10:49. 1874.
Heliotropium Leavenworth Torr.; Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 1006. 1903.

Plants fully a yard tall or less, simple, or sparingly branched and
erect and sometimes strict, or widely branched at the base with
the branches spreading and decumbent, copiously strigose with
white or whitish hairs. The bark of the woody stems is ultimately
brown, exfoliating or sometimes in wet places persistent and cross-
checked. ‘The leaves are alternate, deciduous from the main stem
and the branches, rather close together or even crowded on the
branchlets, one inch long or less. ‘The blades are spatulate at the
base of the stem to linear or linear-lanceolate higher up and on
the branches, rather closely short-strigose with white or whitish
hairs, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, flat or sometimes
slightly revolute, short-petioled. The flowers are borne in scorpioid
racemes, which terminate the stem and the branches and are quite
compact near the tip of the rachis. The bracts are lanceolate, ovate-
lanceolate, or elliptic, acute or slightly acuminate, relatively
shorter and broader than the leaves, and pubescent like them.
The flower-stalks are short and stout. The calyx is closely strigose,
with a short turbinate tube and five lobes. The lobes are un-
equal and much longer than the tube; the two outer are elliptic-
lanceolate and acute, the three inner lanceolate or linear-lanceolate
and short-acuminate. The corolla is golden-yellow, rather closely
strigose without; the tube is about as long as the calyx, slightly
swollen at the middle; the limb is five-lobed, fully a quarter of an
inch in diameter, often slightly darker at the center where the
throat is mainly closed by retrorse appendages with ovate obtuse
lobes which are about as long as the rest of the limb. ‘The five
stamens are included in the corolla-tube, to which the filaments
are adnate for over one half their length, the free portion very
slender and slightly shorter than the anther. The anthers are
conic-lanceolate, about one twentieth of an inch long, acuminate.
The gynoecium is included in the corolla-tube. The ovary is broadly
ovoid, seated in an obscure annular disk, surmounted by a slender
cylindric style. ‘The stigma is annular and surmounted by a conic
appendage. The fruit is a globose-ovoid obscurely four-sided
nut, often minutely pubescent, commonly abruptly pointed at the
apex, the nutlets tardily separating, obliquely ovoid.

30 ADDISONIA

Our native heliotropes are nowhere as conspicuous as in southern
Florida. The margins of the Everglades and the adjacent prairies,
as well as the flatwoods northward, commonly support large areas
covered with a growth of heliotropes.

This species is the heliotrope of the Everglades and the connecting
prairies and adjacent low pinelands. It also, apparently, occurs at
outlying localities. The original specimens were collected by Dr.
M. C. Leavenworth, evidently during the Seminole wars, and are
recorded as coming from Tampa Bay. We have specimens col-
lected during the same period nearer the natural center of this
plant’s geographic distribution. The label reads ‘“‘Found in
Alpatiokee Swamp (pine woods) near Fort Vinton, Fla.’”’ A note
accompanying the label in Dr. Torrey’s handwriting says, ‘‘Sent
to me by U. S. A. officer whose name I have unfortunately lost.
J. T.” This swamp, now called Halpatiokee, was recently traversed
by the writer, who can testify that the plant still grows there in
great abundance.

On the edges of the everglades and in the adjacent low pinelands
this plant often grows very abundantly, forming carpets of yellow
as far as the eye can see.

After the early collections cited above the plant was collected
only a few times in the latter half of the last century. It was only
after the botanical exploration of Florida was taken up by the
Garden and the writer that its geographic range became evident.

The specimens from which the accompanying illustration was
made were collected by the writer May 20, 1918, from plants
transplanted from the Everglades, and grown in the reservation
of Mr. Charles Deering at Buena Vista, Florida.

JoHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Root. Fig. 3.—
Calyx. Fig. 4.—Nutlet, x 3.

PLATE 136 ADDISONIA

PENSTEMON CALYCOSUS

ADDISONIA 31
(Plate 136)

PENSTEMON CALYCOSUS
Long-sepaled Beard-tongue
Native of the southeastern Mississippi Valley
Family SCROPHULARIACEAE Ficwort Family

Penstemon calycosus Small, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 470. 1898.

A nearly glabrous herbaceous plant, from a short much branched
rootstock sending up several erect or glabrous stems, two to four
feet tall, each terminating in a panicle of violet-purple flowers.
The leaves are of two types: those of the winter rosette, in summer
persisting at the base of the stem, are prevailingly ovate and
petioled; those of the stem itself are slightly narrower and sessile,
all but the lowermost clasping by a rounded base; all are glabrous
or nearly so, green, slightly paler beneath, with irregularly serrate
margins. ‘The panicle, less than one third the height of the plant,
is rounded-pyramidal, its primary bracts broad and leaf-like; the
branching is as in P. Digitalis; its stems, pedicels, and calyces are
covered with gland-tipped hairs. The flowers are on pedicels of
varying length, but never of more than a half inch. ‘The sepals
are linear, nearly one half inch long. ‘The corolla is nearly one and
a half inches long, its form nearly as in P. Digitalis, but the throat
more gradually inflated, and the lobes less spreading; the corolla
externally is violet-purple, within it is paler, and with a few faint
darker violet lines on the anterior side; externally it is finely pubes-
cent with gland-tipped hairs, and within, over the bases of the
anterior lobes, it is strongly pubescent with white hairs. The
stamens are essentially as in P. Digitalis, the anthers being always
glabrous. The pistil, capsules, and seeds are nearly as in that
species.

Not only is this one of the largest-flowered of our eastern beard-
tongues, but in color it is also one of the most beautiful. The
flowers tend to cluster in horizontal tiers. The outer surface of
each corolla is a delicate purple-red; often on the lobes of the inner
surface this coloring is deepened to violet while the throat within
isalways pale. The long white hairs just at the mouth show against
the shadowed interior. The golden-yellow beard of the sterile
filament lies like a tongue against the anterior lip, and arched
closely against the posterior side are the violet-grey fertile anthers.
A combination of colors, to which our illustration can do but
incomplete justice!

$2 ADDISONIA

The plant grows naturally on shaded calcareous soils. I have
seen it in profusion on limestone ledges in ravines on the forested
slopes of Monte Sano, north of the Tennessee River, in northern
Alabama. From there it occurs northward through central
Tennessee and Kentucky, and has even been found as far as Lafay-
ette, Indiana. It should be looked for through this and adjoining
areas.

Penstemon calycosus was first described from specimens collected
by Eugene P. Bicknell at Nashville, Tennessee. He found it
plentiful on the bluffs of the Cumberland River. ‘The history of
the plant we now illustrate is this: On May 28, 1917, I sent from
Monte Sano, Alabama, by mail, a single plant in blossom. It
arrived too wilted for painting, but was placed in our herbaceous
grounds. On my return to the Garden in April of last year, after
there had been experienced here a winter of record-breaking pro-
longed cold, imagine my surprise to find that this root from ‘“‘the
South” had increased to a considerable clump, and gave promise of
abundant bloom. ‘This was realized and both flower and fruit
obtained. This history is convincing evidence of the ease of
culture of the long-sepaled beard-tongue.

FRANCIS W. PENNELL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Leaf. Fig. 3.—
Flower opened, exposing stamens. Fig. 4.—Anther, front view, X 5.

an vee oe ae : wks
1 OE eee Ph ae Psi Be a

Av nih Pha

PLATE 137 ADDISONIA

RHABDADENIA CORALLICOLA

ADDISONIA 33
(Plate 137)

RHABDADENIA CORALLICOLA
Little Allamanda

Native of southern Florida
Family APOCYNACEAE DOGBANE Family

Rhabdadenia corallicola Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 434. 1905.

An erect or diffuse shrub with a thick tough root and a woody
caudex. ‘The stems are solitary or several together, up to four
feet tall, or rarely more elongate, and with the branches rarely
slightly twining at the tips, the twigs pubescent with fine brownish
hairs. The glabrous leaves are opposite, rather close together,
and commonly erect or ascending. The blades are elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate, more or less revolute, obtuse but apparently
acute on account of the revolute margins, dark green and shining
above, paler, dull, and obscurely veined beneath, rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, short-petioled, the petioles leaving prominent
scars on the stem when the leaves fall. The racemes are lateral,
few-flowered, with small ovate to lanceolate bracts subtending the
pedicels, which vary from one half to three quarters of an inch in
length at maturity. The calyx is fleshy, glabrous; the five lobes
are deltoid-ovate or ovate-acuminate, fully one twelfth of an inch
long, persistent and with spreading tips at maturity. ‘The corolla
is bright yellow, commonly nodding, with a short-cylindric tube, a
longer campanulate throat, and a spreading five-lobed limb fully
one inch wide; the lobes are about as wide as long, inequilateral and
obliquely pointed. The five stamens are borne on the lower part
of the corolla; the filaments are adnate to the corolla-tube except a
short free part of each which is pubescent with long hairs. ‘The
anthers are lanceolate-sagittate, about one sixth of an inch long,
each with two deflexed basal curved or hooked spur-like auricles
which are slightly shorter than the free part of the filament. ‘The
gynoecium consists of two ovoid glabrous carpels seated in a five-
lobed disk, a filiform style, and an enlarged stigma which is dilated
into a reflexed membrane at the base. ‘The follicles are paired,
three to five inches long, subulate, glabrous, bright green at matur-
ity, but brown after dehiscence. The seeds are numerous; the body
is narrowly fusiform, about one fourth of an inch long, narrowed
into a short neck or beak which is dissolved into numerous hairs.

The plant here illustrated, although not particularly large-
flowered, is one of the conspicuous elements in the vegetation of
the pine woods south of Miami, Florida. Yellow and white pre-
dominate in the corollas of the dogbanes of southern Florida, but

34 ADDISONIA

yellow quite eclipses white and other colors. Asin our other southern
dogbanes the clear yellow of the corollas is in striking contrast with
the dark green or deep green foliage.

This little allamanda grows very abundantly throughout the
pinelands of the Everglade Keys and in the adjacent Everglades.
It blooms throughout the year, but more copiously during the
spring and summer.

Considering the abundance of this plant within its geographic
range on the Florida mainland it seems strange that specimens were
not collected there many years ago. ‘The earliest specimens we
have seen were collected on Pine Key* of the Florida reef, evidently
before the middle of the last century, by J. L. Blodgett. During
the forties of the nineteenth century Blodgett, who resided on Key
West, made collections of the plants of the lower Florida Keys.
These represent the first relatively complete collection of the flora
of those islands and the only one that amounted to much until
the writer and his associates took up the exploration of the Florida
Keys a few years ago. In 1903, after a lapse of fully fifty years,
this plant was discovered on the Florida mainland by the writer,
and he subsequently rediscovered it on Big Pine Key.

The specimen from which the accompanying illustration was made
was collected by the writer in pinewoods on the reservation of
Charles Deering at Cutler, Florida, May, 1918.

JouHN K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Base of stem.
Fig. 3.—Fruit.

* Both Big Pine Key and Little Pine Key were involved in the early collections
from the Florida reef. However, Pine Key was usually used to designate Big
Pine Key.

PLATE 138 ADDISONIA

CRATAEGUS MACROSPERMA

ADDISONIA 35
(Plate 138)

CRATAEGUS MACROSPERMA
Variable Thorn

Native of the northeastern United States and Nova Scotia
Family MALACEAE APPLE Family

Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 74. 1900.

A shrub or small tree, sometimes up to twenty-five feet tall, the
ascending branches with numerous curved spines up to three
inches long. ‘The leaves have slender petioles up to an inch long;
the blades are membranous, dark yellow-green above, slightly
villous, becoming glabrous, elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, up to
three inches long and as wide, the base rounded or truncate, or
rarely cordate, the apex acute, with the margins singly or doubly
serrate. The corymbs are glabrous or sparingly villous, the
flowers from a half to five sixths of an inch broad. ‘The sepals
are usually entire and the petals orbicular. The stamens are
commonly from five to ten, sometimes twenty. The styles are
usually three. The ellipsoid or pyriform fruit varies from scarlet
to crimson, and is often glaucous, and is from a half to three quarters
of an inch thick; the flesh is soft at maturity and the persistent
calyx-lobes erect or spreading; the nutlets are three or four.

An exceedingly variable species, over fifty names having been
given to varieties of little distinction. It is found widely dis-
tributed from Nova Scotia and Maine to southeastern Minnesota,
North Carolina, and Tennessee. The flowers appear in May, and
its fruit is ripe in August or September. The specimen from which
the illustration was prepared has been in the collections of the New
York Botanical Garden since 1903.

GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruiting
branch.

PLATE 139 ADDISONIA

OXYDENDRUM ARBOREUM

ADDISONIA 3h)
(Plate 139)

OXYDENDRUM ARBOREUM

Sourwood
Native of the southeastern United States

Family ERICACEAE Heatu Family

Andromeda arborea I,. Sp. Pl. 394. 1753.
Oxydendrum arboreum DC. Prodr. 7: 601. 1839.

A tree attaining a height of fifty to sixty feet. The thick reddish
grey bark is furrowed; the smooth young twigs are light green,
becoming orange-brown. ‘The leaves, which turn scarlet in the
fall, are shining, and have stalks less than an inch long. ‘The
blades are oblong to oval-lanceolate, up to six inches long, and
are smooth and bright green; they are rather long-pointed at the
apex, narrowed at the base, and have the margins sharply and
finely toothed. The white flowers, on short stalks, are nodding
and are arranged in one-sided racemes which are in panicles at the
ends of the branches; the persistent sepals are short; the ovoid-
cylindric corolla is about a half inch long and is five-toothed at
the apex. The stamens are ten, about as long as the corolla, with
the filaments wider than the anthers, which open by long slits. The
ovary is five-celled. The five-angled fruits, which are woody
and ovoid-pyramidal, are a sixth to a quarter of an inch long and
are on curved stalks; when mature they split into five valves.

This tree grows wild from southern Pennsylvania and Maryland
to Florida, ‘'ennessee, and Louisiana. It is known locally as sour
gum, arrow-wood, titi, sorrel-tree, and lily-of-the-valley tree. It
occurs in woodlands on ridges rising above the banks of rivers,
preferring a well-drained gravelly soil. On the western slopes of
the Big Smoky mountains in Tennessee it is said to attain its
greatest size. The trunk is straight, rarely exceeding a foot in
diameter, the slender spreading branches forming a narrowly
oblong round-topped head. ‘he leaves when they first unfold
are a shining bronzy green, later becoming bright green, and turn
to scarlet in the fall. It is hardy as far north as Massachusetts.
It flowers in the vicinity of New York late in July or early in August,
at a time when few trees or shrubs are in blossom, thus being of
decorative value not only on account of its attractive flowers, but
also on account of their timely appearance. It was cultivated in
England by Philip Miller as early as 1752. It has been in culti-
vation in the New York Botanical Garden since 1895; the specimen

38 ADDISONIA

from which the illustration was prepared was added to the col-
lections of that institution in 1916.

It is readily propagated from seeds, but the seedlings are of slow
growth, taking many years to produce a goodly sized tree. ‘The
sourwood is of little economic importance; the leaves, which have a
pleasantly acidulous taste, are said to allay thirst when chewed;
they are also said to be tonic. The genus contains but the one
species.

GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Portion of inflorescence. Fig. 2.—Flower,
corolla removed, X 5. Fig. 3—Stamen, X 7. Fig. 4.—Fruiting branch.

PLATE 140 ADDISONIA

MEE alan

EUPATORIUM COELESTINUM

ADDISONIA 39
(Plate 140)

EUPATORIUM COELESTINUM
Mist-flower
Native of eastern United States and Cuba
Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family

Eupatorium coelestinum 1,. Sp. Pl. 838. 1753.
Conoclinium coelestinum DC. Prodr. 5: 135. 1836.

A perennial branching herb, one to three feet high. The stems
are more or less pubescent, red to brown-tinged, and bear opposite,
petioled leaves, ‘The leaf-blades are truncate or narrowed into the
petiole at the base, acute at the apex, crenate-dentate on the
margin, and about half as long as wide. ‘The flowers are in compact
cymes, few in each head. The broadly campanulate involucres
have linear-lanceolate, acuminate bracts in one or two series, green
at the bases and brownish at the tips. The corollas are regular,
with slender tubes and five-lobed limbs, the lobes being intensely
colored ageratum-blue. ‘The anthers are inconspicuous, but the
branches of the style are elongate, brightly colored, and give a
misty appearance to the inflorescence. ‘The achenes are five-sided,
and bear several capillary bristles. The receptacles are distinctly
conic.

This American plant was found in the early days of this country’s
botanical history in the mountains of Virginia by Pursh, in the
Carolinas by Fraser, and on the banks of the Ohio River by Rafin-
esque. Its introduction to cultivation seems not to be recorded.
Differing from other species of Eupatortum in having a conic
receptacle, it has been placed in a separate genus, Conoclinium,
but is retained as a Eupatorium by most authors. It resembles
the ageratums of our gardens, and is often referred to as the peren-
nial ageratum.

The place of the mist-flower in horticulture is in the hardy
border, where its delicate light-blue flowers blend well with others
of its season. Blooming in August, it comes in time to be used
with our phloxes and other hardy native plants, which are lacking
in blue colors, and can also possibly be grown to advantage in
shady places with its relative the white snakeroot, Eupatorium
urticaefolium. Propagation is effected by division of the roots
in fall or spring, and by seeds.

40 ADDISONIA

Our illustration was made from plants growing in the flower
borders of the New York Botanical Garden since 1905.
KENNETH R. BOYNTON.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Head of flowers,
X 2. Fig. 3—Flower, xX 4.

FORMER PLATES

PLATE 11. CRINUM AMERICANUM PLATE 72. _ DENDROBIUM ATROVIOLACEUM
PLATE 12. GLETHRA ALNIFOLIA. . “PLATE 73. CENTRADENIA FLORIBUNDA
PLATE 13... ECHEVERIA CARNICOLOR PLATE 74... PIAROPUS AZUREUS
- PLATE 14. >MINA LOBATA |. , PLATE 75. SOLIDAGO ALTISSIMA
PLATE 15. CLERODENDRON TRICHOTOMUM PLATE 76. PENTAPTERYGIUM SERPENS
PLATE 16. NOTYLIA SAGITTIFERA _ PLATE 77. FREYLINIA LANCEOLATA
PLATE 17... EXOGONIUM MICRODACTYLUM PLATE 78. ANNESLIA TWEEDIEI
PLATE 18. VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS PLATE 79. “CRASSULA QUADRIFIDA
PLATE 19: OPUNTIA MACRORHIZA PLATE 80. ASTER CORDIFOLIUS
PLATE 20, COMMELINA COMMUNIS PLATE 81, ARONIA. ATROPURPUREA
PLATE 2%. ADOXA MOSCHATELLINA: PLATE 82. © ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE
PLATE 22, SISYRINCHIUM BERMUDIANA PLATE 883A. GYMNOCALYCIUM MULTIFLORUM
PLATE 23. COLUMNEA HIRTA PLATE.83B. GYMNOCALYCIUM MOSTII
PLATE 24... PEDILANTHUS SMALLII PLATE 84. <EUONYMUS: ALATA
PLATE 25... CREMNOPHILA NUTANS “PLATE 85.. DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA
PLATE 26. PITHECOLOBIUM GUADALUPENSE PLATE 86... LEPADENA.MARGINATA
PLATE 27. ANTHURIUM GRANDIFOLIUM PLATE 87. MAACKIA AMURENSIS. BUERGER!
“PLATE 28. EPIDENDRUM PALEACEUM PLATE 88. - HIBISCUS OCULIROSEUS
PLATE 29. BEGONIA WILLIAMSIL PLATE 89. CORNUS OFFICINALIS
PLATE 80. | ONCIDIUM UROPHYLLUM PLATE 90. OPUNTIA LASIACANTHA
PLATE 817A. SEDUM DIVERSIFOLIUM PLATE 91¢ COTONEASTER SIMONSII
PLATE 31B. SEDUM HUMIFUSUM PLATE 92. ECHEVERIA NODULOSA
PLATE $2. CATASETUM SCURRA PLATE 93. HELIANTHUS ORGYALIS
PLATE 83. CHIONODOXA LUCILIAE GIGANTEA PLATE 94, SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS
PLATE 34. AGAVE SUBSIMPLEX LAEVIGATUS
PLATE 85. DASYSTEPHANA PORPHYRIO PLATE 95. SINNINGIA. SPECIOSA
PLATE 36. RHUS HIRTA DISSECTA PLATE 96. STYLOPHORUM DIPHYLLUIV
PLATE 87. CYMOPHYLLUS FRASERI PLATE 97. ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA
PLATE 88.. OPUNTIA VULGARIS PLATE 98. _HAMAMELIS JAPONICA
PLATE $9. TILLANDSIA. SUBLAXA PLATE 99. HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS
PLATE 40, ECHEVERIA AUSTRALIS PLATE 100. SOBRALIA SESSILIS
PLATE 44. NOLINA TEXANA PLATE 101, CORNUS MAS
PLATE 42. TRICHOSTERIGMA BENEDICTUM PLATE 102. SOLIDAGO.SQUARROSA —
- PLATE 43.“ BENTHAMIA JAPONICA FLATE 108. CALLICARPA JAPONICA
PLATE 44. DIRCAEA MAGNIFICA PLATE 104. ASTER’ LAEVIS
PLATE 45. BUDDLEIA DAVID! PLATE 105. OPUNTIA OPUNTIA
PLATE 46. GONGORA TRUNCATA: ALBA PLATE 106. ILEX SERRATA ARGUTIDENS
“PLATE 47. WERCKLEOCEREUS GLABER PLATE 107, OTHONNA CRASSIFOLIA —~
PLATE 48. DUDLEYA BRANDEGE! PLATE 108. MAGNOLIA KOBUS
PLATE 49. ABELIA GRANDIFLORA PLATE 109. CRASSULA PORTULACEA
PLATE 50. PEPEROMIA OBTUSIFOLIA PLATE 110, VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM
PLATE 51. SOLIDAGO JUNCEA PLATE 111. . SYMPHORICARPOS
PLATE 52. ECHEVERIA MULTICAULIS SYMPHORICARPOS
PLATE 63. CATASETUM VIRIDIFLAVUM PLATE 112.. SPIRAEA THUNBERGII
PLATE 654. SAGITTARIA LATIFOLIA PLATE 113, COREOPSIS LEAVENWORTHII
PLATE 55. BACCHARIS HALIMIFOLIA PLATE 114.- ECHINACEA PURPUREA
PLATE 56. XANTHISMA TEXANUM ~ - PLATE 115. LANTANA DEPRESSA
PLATE 57. SEDUM BOURGAE! - PLATE 116, ILEX VERTICILLATA
PLATE. 58. CIMICIFUGA SIMPLEX PLATE 117. VIORNA BALDWINII
PLATE 59. FEIJOA SELLOQWIANA PLATE 118: JUSSIAEA. PERUVIANA
PLATE 60, ASTER AMETHYSTINUS PLATE’ 119. SALVIA: FARINACEA
--- PLATE*61. HARRISIA GRACILIS PLATE 120. DIANTHERA CRASSIFOLIA” -
PLATE 62, EPIDENDRUM OBLONGATUM PLATE 121. CHAMAECRISTA ‘DEERINGIANA
PLATE 63. AESCULUS PARVIFLORA PLATE, 122. SEDUM SPECTABILE
‘PLATE 64. MICRAMPELIS LOBATA: PLATE 123. | CRATAEGUS. SUCCULENTA
“ PLATE 65. BOMAREA EDULIS. PLATE 124. LIMODORUM SIMPSONII
PLATE 66. ASTER TATARICUS “| PLATE 125. CELASTRUS ARTICULATUS.
“PLATE 67.. PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUM PLATE 126. OKENIA HYPOGAEA —
PLATE 68. HARRISIA. MARTINI PLATE 127. MENTZELIA FLORIDANA
PLATE 69. ONCIDIUM PUBES i PLATE 128. IPOMOEA TENUISSIMA
PLATE 70. RAPHIOLEPIS UMBELLATA PLATE 129. FORSYTHIA FORTUNE!

~ PLATE 71. ROSA. “SILVER MOON” PLATE 180, PENSTEMON DIGITALIS

PLATE 131.
PLATE 132.
PLATE 133.
PLATE 134.
PLATE 135,
PLATE 136.
PLATE 137.
PLATE 138.
PLATE 139.
PLATE 140.

CONTENTS

URECHITES PiNETORUM
EUPATORIUM MACULATUM
HELIOTROPIUM POLYPHYLLUM
MALUS HALLIANA
HELIOTROPIUM LEAVENWORTHI!
PENSTEMON CALYCOSUS
RHABDADENIA CORALLICOLA
CRATAEGUS MACROSPERMA
OXYDENDRUM ARBOREUM
EUPATORIUM COELESTINUM

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS
CA Se | AMR oY

_ POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS
‘ “ OF |

- PLANTS

Volume 4 | NUMBER 3

SEPTEMBER, 1919

| ‘PUBLISHED BY
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
TiceR aan (ADDISON BROWN FUND)

| SEPTEMBER 30, 1919

ANNOUNCEMENT

A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by its late
President, Judge Addison Brown, established the

ADDISON BROWN FUND

‘the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the
founding and publication, as.soon as practicable, and to the
maintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class
magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration
by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its terri-
torial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or
its conservatories; with suitable descriptions in popular language,
and any desirable notes and synonomy, and a brief statement
of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated.”

The preparation and publication of the work have been referred
to Dr. John H. Barnhart, Bibliographer, and Mr. George V. Nash,
Head Gardener, .

ADDISONIA is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, June,
September, and December. Each part consists of ten colored plates
with accompanying letterpress. The subscription price is $10
annually, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not
be sold separately.

Address:

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
BRONX PARK
NEW YORK CITY

Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as
completed, in order to avoid posstble'loss or misplacement of the parts;
nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1, 2,and 3 has
been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate parts
can be supplied. New subscriptions will be accepted only as tnclud-
ing all earlier volumes. |

age ae ee ei tg Ta OE i a

PLATE 141 4 ADDISONIA

PAPHIOPEDILUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM

ADDISONIA 41
(Plate 141)

PAPHIOPEDILUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM
Rothschild’s Venus-slipper
Native of Borneo, Sumatra, and New Guinea
Family ORCHIDACEAE OrcHID Family

Cypripedium Rothschildianum Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. 63: 457. 1888.
Paphiopedilum Rothschildianum Pfitz. Bot. Jahrb. 19:41. 1894.

A plant with long basal leaves and striking yellow flowers marked
with purple. ‘The leaves are at the base of the plant, strap-shaped
and obtuse, and are up to two feet long and two inches wide,
glabrous throughout. ‘The scape sometimes reaches a height of
over two feet, thus somewhat exceeding the leaves, and is of a
violet color and minutely pubescent; it bears from one to three
flowers, the diameter of which is sometimes over five inches between
the ends of the sepals. ‘The bracts are oblong-ligulate with a three-
toothed apex which reaches to about the middle of the distinctly
stalked ovary, and are of a green color lined with black-purple.
The dorsal sepal is ovate, acute, and has the margin and back
ciliolate; it is yellow with about fifteen black-purple lines. The
lower sepal, made up of the two lateral sepals united, is similar to
the dorsal, but is narrower and has fewer nerves. ‘The linear
seven-nerved petals are twice as long as the sepals or more, pendu-
lous, are attenuate into a rather obtuse apex, and are up to five
inches long; they are pale green with dark purple spots, and are
undulate on the margins where they are ciliate with long dark hairs.
The lip, somewhat laterally compressed, is about as long as the
lower sepal, with the sac or pouch about equaling the claw; it is a
dull purple, except the apex of the pouch which is yellow. The
staminodium is of peculiar structure, resembling the head and beak
of a bird; it consists of a hairy base, with a long two-toothed beak
at right angles thereto, hairy on the lower surface. The stigma is
nearly orbicular.

This striking plant when in flower would command attention in
any collection of orchids, and its peculiarities must be seen to be
appreciated. It is an inhabitant of humid hot forests, and this
will give a clew to its successful cultivation. At the place where
first described the assertion is made that its introduction is due to
the ‘‘indefatigable zeal of Mr. F. Sander.’’ In an advertisement
in a succeeding number of the Gardeners’ Chronicle it is asserted
that the plant was first introduced into cultivation from New
Guinea by J. Linden in May, 1887, and that the first flowers appeared
in January, 1888. It was named in honor of Baron Ferdinand de

42 ADDISONIA

Rothschild. The plant here figured has been in the collections of
the New York Botanical Garden since 1907, forming part of the
large collection of orchids presented at that time by Mr. Oakes Ames.

For many years the genus Cypripedium was made to include a
number of diverse groups, differing markedly in structure and in
geographic distribution. At the present day, however, these
groups are recognized by botanists as of generic value. The genus
Cypripedium, as now understood, includes about thirty species,
inhabiting the north temperate zone; about a dozen of these are
found in North America. ‘The greater part of the species of green-
house culture, formerly considered as belonging to Cypripedium,
now belong to Paphiopedilum or Phragmipedium; the former con-
tains fifty species or more from the tropical regions of Asia, extending
from the Indian peninsula and the Himalayan mountains to southern
China, and in the Malay Archipelago from Sumatra and the Philip-
pine Islands to New Guinea; the latter includes about a dozen
species from tropical America, exclusive of the West Indies. Selen-
ipedium, the remaining genus of this relationship, has but three
species, exceedingly rare in cultivation, inhabiting the region from
Panama to northern Brazil.

GEORGE V. NASH.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flowering stem. Fig. 2—Leaves. Fig.

3.—Column, front view. Fig. 4—Column, side view, showing staminodium
arising from its base. Fig. 5.—Staminodium, upper part, seen from above.

PLATE 142 ADDISONIA

HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA

ADDISONIA 43

(Plate 142)

HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA
Witch-hazel
Native of eastern North America
Family HAMAMELIDACEAE WITCH-HAZEL Family

Hamamelis virginiana L. Sp. Pl. 124. 1753.

A large shrub, commonly under fifteen feet high, or more rarely a
small tree up to thirty feet tall. The stems are usually ascending,
forming a plant of rather open habit. The slender twigs are at
first covered with brown hairs, but later become quite glabrous.
The hairy winter-buds are light brown, slightly curved, and sharp-
pointed. ‘The leaves are alternate and have stalks usually less
than a half inch long. The blades are dark green above and glab-
rous, the veins on the lower surface pubescent; they are ovate to
almost orbicular, acute or sometimes rounded at the apex, and the
base inequilateral, with one side rounded or somewhat cordate, the
other wedge-shaped, the margin, except at the base, being bluntly
and coarsely toothed; they are from two and a half to six inches
long. ‘The flowers are in clusters of three in the axils of the leaves
on short peduncles, appearing during or after the fall of the leaves.
The calyx is four-parted, the lobes reflexed; the four petals are
bright yellow, strap-shaped, crisped, a half inch to an inch long;
there are four short fertile stamens which are opposite to the calyx-
lobes and alternate with an equal number of rudimentary stamens;
the ovary is two-celled and has a short style. The ovoid hairy
fruit is thick and woody, commonly a little over a half inch long,
and is two-beaked; it splits open at the top, the seeds being ejected
with considerable force. The smooth seeds are nearly black,
shining, and are about a third of an inch long.

The great charm of this plant is in its flowers, which appear as the
fall is waning and winter is near. Usually as the leaves begin to
fall the bright yellow flowers arrive, making it a most attractive
member among our fall-flowering shrubs, which are all too few.
As defoliation advances the flowers are more evident, the shrub
thus becoming a more and more conspicuous object in our late
autumn landscape. ‘The specimen from which the illustration was
prepared has been in the fruticetum collection of the New York
Botanical Garden since 1895.

44 ; ADDISONIA

The witch-hazel thrives in most situations, being of easy culture,
but prefers a moist light soil. It may be readily propagated from
seeds, which, however, do not germinate until the second year
after sowing; it may also be propagated by layers. An aqueous
distillation of the fresh leaves and twigs of this plant forms the

extract of witch-hazel.
GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Leaf. Fig.
3.—Flower, X 4. Fig. 4.—Fruit.

PLATE 143 ADDISONIA

M E.Eaton.

ARCTOTIS GRANDIS

ADDISONIA 45
(Plate 143)

ARCTOTIS GRANDIS
Arctotis
Native of South Africa
Family CaRDUACEAE THISTLE Family

Arctotis grandis Thunb. Fl. Cap. 706. 1823.
Arctotis stoechadifolia grandis Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 26. 1832.

An annual in cultivation, growing from one to three feet high.
The stems are gray-green, round, twisted, ridged, smooth at base,
becoming white-woolly to ciliate toward the top. ‘The leaves are
numerous, partly clasping the stem, the young ones with white
tomentum, the older ones somewhat tomentose above, conspicu-
ously so beneath, mostly three-veined, oblong in general shape, one
to six inches long, mostly lyrate and lobed, and slightly toothed,
with three shallow lobes at the apex and two blunt opposite lobes
near the center. ‘The flower-heads are on six- to twelve-inch pedun-
cles from the axils of the upper leaves, compact, rounded, red and
green in bud; the involucres are cup-shaped, of three outer rows of
oblanceolate, acuminate, green bracts with scarious margins, and
another row of larger, scarious, transparent bracts. There are
about twenty-five pistillate ray-flowers, with Javender-white ligules
one inch long, which are yellow-blotched at the base; the stigmas
are two-parted, purple. The disk-flowers are numerous, azure-steel-
blue, perfect, tubular, the lobes reflexed. The pappus is of a small
outer series, and an inner spirally twisted series of bristles.

The arctotis is one of the South African plants which are grown
in our gardens as annual, summer-flowering plants, and are noted
for their unusual colors. Among these are Dimorphotheca auran-
tiaca, with peculiar chrome-orange flowers, brown on the back of
the ligules of the ray-flowers; Gerbera Jamesont, with bright orange
and red shades; Venidium calendulaceum, probably an Arctotis,
with other distinct yellow shades; all of these colors uncommon in
our European and American plants.

This annual has been cultivated under the name Arctotis grandis.
Thunberg described it as a distinct species, and some later authors
have called it merely a variety of A. stoechadtfolia. ‘There seem to
have been several forms of the species, and perhaps that with long-
peduncled attractive flowers was brought to Europe for cultivation,
and the species described from it.

46 ADDISONIA

Although of a somewhat shrubby character in its native haunts,
in cultivation it is treated as an annual and does not become woody.
Flowering in August and September, and of free-blooming habit,
this plant is a useful addition to our late summer flowers. The
stems are weak, but the many long peduncles raise the blooms up
in such numbers as to offset this. The center of the flower-heads is
of a pale violet-blue; the rays are white above, and lavender or
purple beneath; and the dusty foliage adds to the attractiveness.
Propagation is by seeds sown in early spring in greenhouse or cold-
frame, and planted out later.

The illustration of the arctotis was made from plants blooming
in the borders of the New York Botanical Garden, where they are
grown each year from collected seed.

KENNETH R. BOYNTON.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Leaf. Fig.
3.—Ray-flower, X 2. Fig. 4—Disk-flower, XX 4.

i
ati } ,

: y - L a HFS! ee
on “ai koe ee Re

PLATE 144 ADDISONIA

CRATAEGUS SPATHULATA

ADDISONIA 47

(Plate 144)
CRATAEGUS SPATHULATA

Small-fruited Haw
Native of the southeastern United States
Family MALACEAE APPLE Family

Crataegus spathulata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 288. 1803.

A shrub with spreading branches, or more rarely a small tree up to
twenty-five feet tall, the slender branches upright. The zigzag
branchlets are slender, at first a light reddish brown, later darker,
and are armed with stout straight spines up to an inch and a half
long, or sometimes unarmed. ‘The dark green leaves are glabrous,
shining above, paler beneath, those on the fertile branchlets fas-
cicled and nearly sessile, while those on the sterile branchlets and
vigorous shoots are scattered, have manifest petioles, and are some-
times deeply three-lobed above the middle, the lobes rounded
and crenate-serrate. ‘The blades of the fertile branchlets are ob-
lanceolate or spatulate, crenate-serrate above the middle, rounded
or acute at the apex, and are up to an inch long and a half inch
broad; those on the vigorous shoots are oval or ovate. ‘The white
flowers, which are about a half inch across, are in many-flowered
cymes, on glabrous pedicels which are long and slender. ‘The
hollow receptacle, or hypanthium, is broadly obconic and bears on
its rim the short persistent sepals, which are entire or nearly so,
and the undulate orbicular petals. ‘The styles are two to five.
The fruit is of a bright shining scarlet and about an eighth of an
inch in diameter.

This interesting thorn is distributed throughout the coast region
from southern Virginia to northern Florida and westward to Ar-
kansas and Texas. It is a frequent inhabitant of rich soil along or
near the banks of streams, or in swamps, and is said to attain in
western Louisiana and eastern Texas its greatest size. The flowers
appear late in May or early in June in the vicinity of New York
city, the fruit ripening in October in the same vicinity. The
specimen from which our illustration was prepared has been in
the fruticetum collection of the New York Botanical Garden
since 1900.

This species was discovered in South Carolina by Michaux, the
great French botanist, in the latter part of the eighteenth century.
Its introduction into English and French gardens occurred in the

early part of the following century.
GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PiaTe. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruiting
branch,

PLATE 145 ADDISONIA

PENSTEMON HIRSUTUS

ADDISONIA 49
(Plate 145)

PENSTEMON HIRSUTUS
Hairy-stemmed Beard-tongue
Native of the northeastern United States
Family SCROPHULARIACEAE Ficwort Family

Chelone hirsuta L,. Sp. Pl. 611. 1753.
Penstemon hirsutus Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 227. 1800.

An herbaceous plant, from a short branched rootstock sending
up several slender stems, each terminating in a panicle of many
white-tipped lavender flowers. The stems are erect, one to two
feet tall, and, at least below, bear slender whitish hairs. The
leaves are of two types: those of the winter rosette, in early summer
persisting at the base of the stem, are ovate and petioled; those of
the stem are lanceolate and sessile, rounded at the clasping base
and tapering at the apex, with usually a few slender hairs beneath
toward the base, and slightly toothed on the wavy margin. The
panicle, less than one third the height of the plant, is narrowly
pyramidal, the primary bracts very narrow; the branching is as in
P. Digitalis; its stems, pedicels, and calyces are covered with
gland-tipped hairs; the pedicels are less than a fourth of an inch in
length. The sepals are ovate, about three sixteenths of an inch
long. ‘The corolla is about one inch long, much narrower than in
P. Digitalis, the throat being gradually and but slightly inflated
while its mouth is nearly closed by two prominently raised ridges
at the base of the anterior lip. The lobes of the corolla all project
forward; the two posterior are arched and united for over half
their length, the distinct portions spreading abruptly; the three
anterior lobes are somewhat longer, and united most of their length
so as to form a short platform on which a visiting bee may alight.
The corolla is externally of a clear lavender, within paler, and white
on the projecting anterior lip; externally it is finely pubescent with
gland-tipped hairs, and within over the bases of the anterior lobes
and on the ridges it is pubescent with whitish hairs. ‘The anthers
are always glabrous. ‘The sterile filament is of the length of the
anterior lip and is densely bearded with stiff yellow hairs. The
capsule is slightly narrower than in P. Digitalis, and the seeds
smaller and less sharply angled.

One of the most delicate-flowered of all the beard-tongues.
The corollas are borne with a scattered profusion that shows to
good advantage the form of each. Individually they are very

50 ADDISONIA

slender, and the bisymmetrically irregular form of each, its contrast
of color—the lavender-violet changing abruptly to the white tip—
and the densely yellow beard of the projecting sterile filament, make
a study of artistic interest. No beard-tongue has a narrower throat
than this.

The hairy-stemmed beard-tongue is a native of the northeastern
states from southern Vermont to Virginia and west to southern
Michigan and Kentucky. It grows in dry fields, barren or sandy,
and, at least in the eastern portion of its range, is found only at
scattered stations. It is not an aggressive plant of cultivated
pastures and meadows as is P. Digitalis, and hence is more rarely
seen. ‘This is the only species of Penstemon native to the region
near New York and Philadelphia.

That this is a plant easy of cultivation our experience here at
the New York Botanical Garden has proved. We have long grown
this species in an open bed, with ordinary loam soil, and it is
from such plants, of uncertain derivation, that the accompanying
drawing has been made.

Francis W. PENNELL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Flower opened.
Fig. 3.—Anther, front view, X 6. Fig. 4——Anther, rear view, X 6. Fig. 5.—
Anther, after opening, X 6. Fig. 6.—Fruit. Fig. 7—Seed, X 8.

id havky ia ka ‘i
i { ie"

SLATE 146 ADDISONIA

ORONTIUM AQUATICUM

ADDISONIA 51
(Plate 146)

ORONTIUM AQUATICUM .
Golden-club
Native of the southeastern United States
Family ARACEAE ARUM Family

Orontium aquaticum L,. Sp. Pl. 324. 1753.

An aquatic plant with the thick rootstock buried in the mud,
the leaves ascending or floating, according to the depth of the
water, and a slender round scape terminated by a cylindric golden
spadix. The leaves have petioles sometimes two feet long, or
often only a few inches long; the blades are oblong-elliptic, entire,
acute or cuspidate at the apex, acute at the base, deep blue-green
or dull green above, pale beneath, up to twelve inches long and
five inches wide. ‘The scape is up to two feet long in deep water,
and is somewhat flattened near the spadix. The spathe is two to
four inches long and encloses the spadix when young, but soon
falls away or remains as a sheathing bract at its base. The spadix
is one to three inches long, cylindric, acuminate above, and is a
quarter to three eighths of an inch in diameter, becoming much
thickened in fruit. The flowers, of a bright yellow, are perfect,
and are densely crowded on the spadix. ‘The perianth-segments
are four to six (the lower flowers usually with six, the upper with
four), and are imbricate over the ovary. The stamens are as many
as the perianth-segments; the linear filaments are wider than the
small anthers. ‘The obtusely angled ovary is one-celled, depressed,
partly immersed in the axis of the spadix, and contains a single
ovule. The fruit is dark green, nearly globose, and about a half
inch in diameter.

An odd member of the arum family, to which also belongs the
jack-in-the-pulpit. The family has in the temperate regions com-
paratively few representatives, but in the tropics it is widely dis-
tributed, some kinds forming robust vines which climb tall trees,
often so entangling the surrounding vegetation as to make tropical
forests all but impenetrable. The genus Orontium contains but a
single species, which is found inhabiting swamps, ponds, and streams
from Massachusetts to central Pennsylvania, and south to Florida
and Louisiana, mainly near the coast. It is sometimes known as
floating arum, water-duck, and tawkin. It is an attractive plant
for water or swamp gardens. The plant from which the illustration

52 ADDISONIA

was made has been in the aquatic house of Conservatory Range 1,
New York Botanical Garden, since 1909.
GrORGE V. Nasu.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering scape. Fig. 2.—Leaf. Fig.

3.—Flower, upper view, X 3. Fig. 4.—Flower, perianth removed, X 3. Fig.
5.—Perianth-segment, X 3. Fig. 6.—Fruit.

PLATE 147 ADDISONIA

ECHINOPSIS LEUCANTHA

ADDISONIA 53

(Plate 147)

ECHINOPSIS LEUCANTHA
White Torch-thistle
Nate of Argentina
Family CacTACEAE Cactus Family

Echinocactus leucanthus Gillies; Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 341. 1834.
Cereus leucanthus Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 71. 1837.
Echinopsis leucantha Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 324. 1843.

Plants solitary, globular to oblong, often more than a foot high,
usually overtopped by the long connivent spines; the ribs are
twelve to fourteen, with the spines eight to ten in each cluster,
brownish, the central one usually longer and more or less curved.
The flowers are very large for the size of the plant, six inches long
or more, with a long slender tube, bearing small scales with tufts of
hairs in their axils. The spreading petals are oblong, obtuse,
about one inch long, the outer ones pinkish, the inner ones nearly
white.

This cactus has a rather wide distribution in western and cen-
tral Argentina and shows a great variation in form; several types
have been described as distinct.

In the living collections of the New York Botanical Garden are
several plants of this genus collected by the writer in Argentina in
1915, a number of which have flowered. The plants do well in
cultivation and flower freely each spring. The one here illustrated
flowered in April 1918; it was obtained in the Andes, west of Men-
doza near Portrerillos in 1915.

The plant has several English names, the one here adopted having
been used by Lindley.

The genus Echinopsis as we now understand it is characterized
by one-jointed stems, which are globular or more or less elongate,
by slender funnelform flower-tubes, by short perianth-segments
and by hairs in the areoles on the ovary and flower-tube. The
flowers are similar to those of Trichocereus but the habit is very
unlike the typical species of that genus.

We now recognize about twenty-five species, all native of South
America, east of the Andes.

J. N. Rose.

ADDISONIA

PLATE 148

VIBURNUM LANTANA

ADDISONIA 55
(Plate 148)

VIBURNUM LANTANA
Wayfaring Tree
Native of Europe, the Caucasus, and northern Africa
Family CAPRIFOLIACEAE HONEYSUCKLE Family

Viburnum Lantana I,. Sp. Pl. 268. 1753.

An upright shrub or small tree, sometimes twenty feet tall, with
ascending branches. ‘The young branches are densely pubescent
with brown stellate hairs, becoming glabrate when older. ‘The
leaves are opposite, with petioles commonly a half inch long or
less, sometimes longer, densely pubescent with stellate hairs;
the blades are ovate, oval, or oblong-ovate, often cordate at the
base, acute at the apex, up to three inches long and two inches wide,
or sometimes broader on the new shoots; the upper surface is spar-
ingly pubescent with stellate hairs, the lower surface densely so,
especially on the nerves where the hairs are shorter and brown; the
margin is denticulate, and the secondary nerves terminate in the
teeth. The white flowers are in dense cymes, two to three inches
across, of usually seven rays which are densely pubescent with stel-
late hairs. The corolla is about a quarter of an inch wide, its
lobes broadly oval or orbicular and rounded at the apex. The
stamens are five. The fruit is oblong-ovoid, about three eighths of
an inch long, at first red, later changing to almost black.

An attractive plant in both flower and fruit, its showy clusters of
white flowers appearing in May in the vicinity of New York city,
the fruit ripening in late August or early September and persisting
for some time. It will grow in any ordinary soil, but is especially
suitable for drier situations and for limestone soils. The specimen
from which our illustration was prepared has been in the fruticetum
collection of the New York Botanical Garden since 1897.

Many of the most attractive and striking of our ornamental
shrubs are to be found in this genus, which comprises about one
hundred and forty known species, distributed in the temperate and
subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere, the East Indies,
the Andean region of South America, and the West Indies. They
may be found in woodland and open, in low land and high, and in
dry and wet situations, so that from this genus may be selected
shrubs for almost any environment. ‘They are excellent for borders
or shrub groups, or for planting along roadsides or paths, their
white flowers and the bright red fruits of some of the species making

56 ADDISONIA

them objects of great beauty. Of the kinds with red berries
Viburnum Opulus, Viburnum dilatatum, and Viburnum Wrightit
may be mentioned. Some of the others, such as Viburnum tomen
tosum, Viburnum Sieboldii, and Viburnum Lantana, have fruit
which is red at first, later changing to black, so that they too present
a period of bright color in the landscape. Viburnum tomentosum
has in its flower clusters a number of showy sterile flowers, giving
to the bush in bloom an unusual decorative effect, the clusters
appearing as small tables of white among the mass of green. Of
great decorative value are Viburnum Opulus sterile and Viburnum
tomentosum plenum, with balls of white made up of masses of sterile
flowers; the first of these is known as the guelder rose or snowball,
the other as the Japanese snowball. While most of the hardy
species are deciduous, one, Viburnum rhytidifolium, from central
and western China, is evergreen, and has proved hardy as far north
as Massachusetts. The only one of the hardy species with a striking
fragrance is Viburnum Carlesw, from Corea, which has also proved
hardy as far north as Massachusetts. A dwarf form is Viburnum
Opulus nanum, which usually forms a compact little shrub of
rounded outline. Some are greenhouse shrubs, such as Viburnum
Tinus, commonly known as laurustinus, and Vzburnum odoratisst-
mum. One of the best for shady rocky situations is Vzburnum
acerifolium, the dockmackie of our own eastern woodlands, where it
often forms large masses, its maple-like leaves giving it an appear-
ance quite unlike others of the genus. Propagation may be ef-
fected by seeds sown in the fall or stratified, or by greenwood cut-

tings under glass.
GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Fruiting branch. Fig. 2.—Flowering
branch.

} ae a . re
Zn, ee |

ADDISONIA

PLATE 149

ME Eaton_

CENTAUREA MONTANA

ADDISONIA 57

(Plate 149)
CENTAUREA MONTANA

Mountain Bluet

Native of Europe
Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family

Centaurea montana L,. Sp. Pl. 1911. 1753.

A stoloniferous perennial plant, with tough roots and rootlets.
The stems are one to two feet high, green, covered with short
stiff hairs, especially above, markedly five-angled, the angles run-
ning up into winged bases of the strongly decurrent upper leaves;
these are lanceolate, acute, lightly dentate, and hairy, almost woolly
beneath, deep green above and light green beneath, and vary in
length from two to eight inches. The basal leaves are sessile,
narrowed at the base, and up to one foot long. The flower-heads
are terminal or on short peduncles in the axils of the upper leaves,
one or two inches in diameter, and blue to purple. The involucres
are turbinate, consisting of about six rows of triangular, acute,
green bracts, purple near the tips, with black, ciliate, straw-like
margins. The blue-purple ray flowers have tubular, unequally
five-lobed ligules, the lobes spreading. The red-purple disks,
with the black stamens prominent, are composed of many perfect,
tubular, lobed flowers. ‘The achenes are smooth and cylindric,
the pappus of many series of bristles.

The genus Centaurea, with more than three hundred species, has
contributed freely to our gardens. We have the corn-flower, C.
Cyanus; the knapweeds, C. nigra and others; C. americana, a large,
yellow-flowered native annual, always popular; and many interest-
ing European and Asiatic species.

Centaurea montana, one of our common garden perennials, has
been cultivated for centuries. Aiton, in the Hortus Kewensis,
says it was grown by Gerard, as early as 1596. There are several
varieties, alba, rosea, and citrina, in cultivation, being white, pink
and yellow forms. A few plants furnish hundreds of blooms in
early summer; then in September they renew their growth and
bloom for another month or two. ‘This is one of the easiest of
plants to grow, often spreading rapidly and covering space not
intended for it.

The illustration was taken from plants growing in the flower-
borders of the New York Botanical Garden since 1913.

KENNETH R. BOYNTON.

EXPLANATION OF PLaTE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Ray-flower.
Fig. 3.—Disk-flower.

PLATE 150 ADDISONIA

M.E.Ealon. Se

ALONSOA MERIDIONALIS

ADDISONIA 59
(Plate 150)

ALONSOA MERIDIONALIS
Little Cascabel
Native of the Colombian Andes
Family SCROPHULARIACEAE FicGwort Family

Scrophularia meridionaltis 1,.f. Suppl. 280. 1781.
Alonsoa meridionalis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 457. 1891.

A perennial glabrous herbaceous plant, its slender stems and
branches terminating in long racemes of dull orange flowers. ‘The
stems are erect, two to three feet tall, and sharply four-angled.
The leaves are opposite, each pair remote and placed at right angles
to the pair next below; their blades are ovate, acute, coarsely serrate
or dentate, pale green beneath, and narrowed to slender petioles.
The slender racemes bear many flowers, each on a slender upcurved
pedicel. The five sepals are slightly united at the base; each is
oblong, acuminate at apex, and with three longitudinal veins. The
small corolla, only three eighths of an inch long, is very irregular,
but symmetric; the tube is short, with the lobes abruptly and
widely spreading, the two posterior ones are very short, and the
tube split to the base between them; the two anterolateral lobes
are ovate, rounded, of medium size, and project lateraly, while
the single anterior lobe, united with these for half its length, pro-
jects into a broadly rounded free portion. ‘The corolla is dull
orange, but, within, the tube is yellowish green. The four dull
yellow filaments are short, and the anthers are conspicuous by
reason of the membranous dilated yellow sac. ‘The style is stout
and glabrous, and the green stigma is slightly enlarged and capitate.
The capsules are glabrous, narrowly urn-shaped, one third of an
inch long, and open by a slit which divides the septum, or wall
separating the two cells. The placentas project into each cell
and bear many small, oval, black, ridged seeds which escape through
the necklike capsule-mouth. The dead stems persist, and the
seeds are scattered in the wind, in the manner characteristic of
plants called tonoboles.

The little cascabel is a weed-like plant of waysides in the upper
Eastern Andes of Colombia. It appears to be native there, and
doubtless occurred about the dwellings of the Chibchas in the days
of their prosperity, as now it grows about the little hovels of their
descendants. ‘The genus is South American, some species occurring
in nearly all sections of the Andes, and one even in Central America
and southern Mexico. ‘The Spanish name, of which little cascabel is
an adaptation, ‘‘Cascabelito,” means little rattlesnake, and was

60 ADDISONIA

doubtless given in allusion to the sound of the seeds rattling in the
pods on the dry fruit-stalks.

Like many genera of the figwort family, Alonsoa shows an in-
teresting special modification of a primitively regular five-lobed
corolla and five-stamened flower. The splitting between the
posterior lobes, with the great reduction of these, and the develop-
ment of the anterior half of the corolla accentuate a tendency
frequent through the family.

This plant may be grown in loam soil in greenhouses. Its
weed-like character as a native is evidence of easy culture. Our
drawing has been made from a plant grown at the Garden,the seed
having been collected by myself at Bogota, Colombia, September 22,

1917.
FRANCIS W. PENNELL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Corolla, x 2.
Fig. 3.—Fruit, X 3. Fig. 4.—Fruit, showing dehiscence, X 3. Fig. 5—Lower
stem-leaf.

- FORMER PLATES

PLATE 21. ADOXA MOSCHATELLINA PLATE 82. ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE

PLATE 22. SISYRINCHIUM BERMUDIANA “PLATE: 83A.. GYMNOCALYCIUM MULTIFLORUM
PLATE 23. .COLUMNEA HIRTA : PLATE 83B..GYMNOCALYCIUM MOSTI
PLATE 24. PEDILANTHUS SMALLII PLATE 84... EUONYMUS ALATA
PLATE 25. CREMNOPHILA NUTANS. - PLATE 85... DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA
PLATE 26. PITHECOLOBIUM GUADALUPENSE PLATE 86.°°.LEPADENA MARGINATA ;
PLATE 27. ANTHURIUM GRANDIFOLIUM PLATE 87. MAACKIA AMURENSIS. BUERGERI
PLATE 28. EPIDENDRUM PALEACEUM PLATE 88. HIBISCUS OCULIROSEUS -
PLATE 29. BEGONIA WILLIAMSII PLATE 89. CORNUS OFFICINALIS
PLATE 30. ONCIDIUM UROPHYLLUM PLATE $0... OPUNTIA LASIACANTHA
PLATE, 381A. .SEDUM DIVERSIFOLIUM PLATE 91. COTONEASTER: SIMONSII

‘ PLATE 818. SEDUM:HUMIFUSUM PLATE 92. ECHEVERIA NODULOSA |
PLATE 82: CATASETUM SCURRA:’ PLATE 93. HELIANTHUS:) ORGYALIS
PLATE 338... CHIONODOXA LUCILIAE GIGANTEA PLATE 94. -SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS :
“PLATE 34. AGAVE SUBSIMPLEX LAEVIGATUS 4,
PLATE 85. .DASYSTEPHANA PORPHYRIO PLATE 95,- SINNINGIA SPECIOSA’ ,
PLATE 36: RHUS HIRTA DISSECTA PLATE 96. STYLOPHORUM DIPHYLLUIV ~
PLATE .37.. CYMOPHYLLUS. FRASERI PLATE 97. ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA
PLATE 88. OPUNTIA VULGARIS PLATE 98. HAMAMELIS. JAPONICA
PLATE 89. TILLANDSIA SUBLAXA PLATE 99. HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS
PLATE 40, ECHEVERIA AUSTRALIS. PLATE 100. SOBRALIA SESSILIS

PLATE 41. NOLINA TEXANA PLATE 104.. CORNUS MAS

PLATE 42... TRICHOSTERIGMA BENEDICTUM PLATE 102..SOLIDAGO SQUARROSA
PLATE 48. BENTHAMIA JAPONICA PLATE 108. CALLICARPA JAPONICA
PLATE 44. DIRCAEA MAGNIFICA PLATE 104. ASTER: LAEVIS

PLATE 45. BUDDLEIA DAVIDI PLATE 105. OPUNTIA OPUNTIA

PLATE 46. GONGORA TRUNCATA ALBA PLATE 106. ILEX SERRATA ARGUTIDENS
PLATE 47. WERCKLEOCEREUS GLABER PLATE 107, OTHONNA CRASSIFOLIA
PLATE 48... DUDLEYA BRANDEGE! PLATE 108. MAGNOLIA KOBUS
PLATE 49. ABELIA GRANDIFLORA PLATE 109. CRASSULA PORTULACEA
PLATE 60. PEPEROMIA OBTUSIFOLIA PLATE 110. VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM
PLATE 51. SOLIDAGO JUNCEA PLATE 111... SYMPHORICARPOS.

PLATE 62. ECHEVERIA: MULTICAULIS ‘y SYMPHORICARPOS

PLATE. 58. _CATASETUM VIRIDIFLAVUM PLATE 112. “SPIRAEA THUNBERGII

PLATE 54. SAGITTARIA LATIFOLIA PLATE 118... COREOPSIS LEAVENWORTHI
PLATE 55. BACCHARIS HALIMIFOLIA PLATE 114... ECHINACEA PURPUREA

PLATE 56. XANTHISMA TEXANUM PLATE, 115. LANTANA DEPRESSA

PLATE 6&7: SEDUM BOURGAEI PLATE 116. ILEX: VERTICILLATA

~ PLATE 58. CIMICIFUGA SIMPLEX PLATE. 117. VIORNA BALDWINII

PLATE 69. FENWOA SELLOWIANA PLATE 118. JUSSIAEA>PERUVIANA

PLATE 60, ASTER AMETHYSTINUS PLATE 119. SALVIA FARINAGEA

PLATE 61. . HARRISIA GRACILIS PLATE 120. DIANTHERA. CRASSIFOLIA
PLATE 62. EPIDENDRUM OBLONGATUM PLATE 121. GHAMAECRISTA DEERINGIANA
PLATE 63. AESCULUS PARVIFLORA PLATE 122, SEDUM SPECTABILE

PLATE 64. . MICRAMPELIS LOBATA PLATE 123. CRATAEGUS SUCCULENTA
PLATE 65. BOMAREA EDULIS PLATE 124. LIMODORUM SIMPSONII

PLATE 66. ASTER TATARICUS : PLATE 125. CELASTRUS ARTICULATUS
PLATE 67. PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUM PLATE 126, OKENIA HYPOGAEA

PLATE 68. HARRISIA MARTINI PLATE 127.) MENTZELIA FLORIDANA
PLATE 69. ONCIDIUM PUBES PLATE 128. IPOMOEA TENUISSIMA ~
PLATE 70. RAPHIOLEPIS UMBELLATA PLATE 129, FORSYTHIA FORTUNE!

PLATE 71. ROSA “SILVER MOON” PLATE 130. PENSTEMON DIGITALIS’.
PLATE 72. DENDROBIUM ATROVIOLACEUM — PLATE’ 1341: URECHITES PINETORUM
PLATE 73. | CENTRADENIA FLORIBUNDA » PLATE 132. EUPATORIUM MACULATUM }
PLATE 74. PIAROPUS AZUREUS ~ : PLATE 133. HELIOTROPIUM POLYPHYLLUM
PLATE, 75... SOLIDAGO ALTISSIMA PLATE 134. MALUS HALLIANA Bat Lie
PLATE 76. PENTAPTERYGIUM SERPENS PLATE 135. HELIOTROPIUM

PLATE 77. FREYLINIA LANCEOLATA — °. LEAVENWORTHII
<> PLATE 78. ANNESLIA TWEEDIE! g PLATE 136. PENSTEMON CALYCOSUS ages

PLATE 79. CRASSULA QUADRIFIDA ) PLATE 137. . RHABDADENIA CORALLICOLA: _
PLATE 80.. ASTER CORDIFOLIUS PLATE 138, CRATAEGUS MACROSPERMA
‘PLATE 81... ARONIA ATROPURPUREA f ‘PLATE 139. OXYDENDRUM ARBOREUM =~

fees ’ PLATE: 140. EUPATORIUM COELESTINUM»

PLATE 141.
PLATE 142.
PLATE 143.
PLATE 144.
PLATE 145.
PLATE 146.
PLATE 147.
PLATE 148.
PLATE 149.
PLATE 150.

CONTENTS

PAPHIOPEDILUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM
HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA

ARCTOTIS GRANDIS

CRATAEGUS SPATHULATA
PENSTEMON HIRSUTUS

ORONTIUM AQUATICUM

ECHINOPSIS LEUCANTHA
VIBURNUM LANTANA

CENTAUREA MONTANA

ALONSOA MERIDIONALIS

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS
ae ae i | oe AND t | ue
_ POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS

ea ‘PLANTS -

VotumMe4 =—s Numer 4

|. DECEMBER, 1919

ee | “PUBLISHED BY
“THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
_(ABDISON BROWN FUND)
"DECEMBER 31, 1919

ANOUNG EN a:

ae ae --

A becthene made to the New York Botanical Gaciien ket its late ie

President, Judge Addison Brown, established the .
ADDISON BROWN FUN Pp

‘the income and accumulations from which shall be ee to the, :
founding and publication, as soon.as practicable, and to the

maintenance (aided by subscriptions: therefor), ofa high-class
magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration

by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its terri-
torial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or
its conservatories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, —

and any. desirable notes. and synonomy, and a brief statement
of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated.’”

‘The preparation and publication of the work have been referred
to Dr. John H. Barnhart, GAA OT and Mr. Cree V. Nash, .

Head Gardener.

Apprsonta is ptblished as a quarterly magazine, in March, Fines .
September, and December. Hach part consists of ten colored plates —
with accompanying letterpress. The subscription price is $10

annually, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not
be sold separately. | : ‘
Address:
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

‘BRONX PARK
NEW YORK city.

Subscribers are advised to bind each volume a noes sas":

completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the parts; £

nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1, 2, and 3 has

been made up into: complete volumes, and but few separate parts
can be supplied. New subscrapiians will be eae ate as Cie enn

ing all earher volumes.

ey

We
‘

A
‘4

PLATE -151 ADDISONIA

LEUCOTHOE CATESBAEI

ADDISONIA 61

(Plate 151)
LEUCOTHOE CATESBAEI

Dog-laurel

Native of the southern Appalachians and adjacent highlands
Family ERtcAcKAE Heatu Family

Andromeda Catesbaet Walt. Fl. Car. 137. 1788.
Leucothoé Catesbaet A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 252. 1856.

An evergreen shrub two yards tall or less, with glabrous or spar-
ingly fine-pubescent twigs. ‘The stems and branches are pliable,
often switch-like, recurved or reclining, leafy, smooth, and some-
times slightly zigzag. The persistent leaves are alternate and more
or less distichously spreading. The blades are leathery, lanceolate
to narrowly elliptic, two and a half to six inches long, serrate with
spine-tipped teeth, acuminate at the apex, and acute to rounded
at the base; they are dark-green, with impressed veins, and ulti-
mately glabrous above, but pale, with raised veins, and permanently
pubescent with scattered hairs beneath. ‘The petioles are stout,
about half an inch long or less, closely fine-pubescent on the upper
side, with buds for the next season early developed in their axils.
The nodding, sessile panicles are raceme-like, narrow, one and one
half to three and one half inches long, and densely flowered. ‘The
rachis of the panicle is stout, and is minutely and closely pubescent,
at least in anthesis. ‘The flower-stalks are over an eighth of an
inch long, each subtended by an ovate-reniform bract, which is
glandular-ciliate with black hairs and about an eighth of an inch
long. ‘The two bractlets at the base of the flower-stalk are similar
to the bract, but smaller and thinner. ‘The five-lobed calyx is
persistent; the lobes are lanceolate to ovate, obtuse or acute, about
one tenth of an inch long, eciliate, and several-veined. The corolla
is white or pinkish, urceolate, about a quarter of an inch long, with
ovate to reniform, recurved short lobes. ‘The ten erect stamens
are included in the corolla and are usually about one half as long
as its tube. The subulate-lanceolate filaments, alternately long
and short, are one sixteenth to a tenth of an inch long, glabrous,
and unappendaged. ‘The ellipsoid anthers, about one sixteenth of
an inch long, are attached to the filament about the middle of the
back, awnless but bimucronate at the apex where the sacs are open
to shed the pollen, and rounded at the base. ‘The ovary is globose
or depressed, five-lobed, five-celled, and glabrous. The columnar
style is several times longer than the ovary, glabrous, and straight,
with the stigma discoid, but only slightly wider than the diameter
of the style. The capsule is depressed-globose, about one fifth of
an inch wide, seated in the persistent calyx, and glabrous, each
valve with a median channel. ‘The minute seeds are irregular in
size and shape, and granulose.

62 ADDISONIA

This is the shrub that particularly attracts the attention, any
time of the year, along the highland trails and watercourses in the
southeastern United States. It is a striking and elegant shrub.
The conspicuous pliable and arching branches, furnished with
numerous glossy leaves, form beautiful banks of greenery.

In addition to the evergreen foliage, the dog-laurel presents three
stages of the inflorescence, some one of which, at least, is prominent
at each season of the year. Of course, during the period of flower-
ing, late spring, the inflorescence is most conspicuous. However,
previous to this, in the winter and the early spring, the precocious
panicles, in bud, lend variety to the foliage, and later, in the summer
and fall, the long clusters of plump seed-pods are quite prominent
among the leaves.

The southern mountains and the adjacent plateaus have been
the source of many kinds of shrubs useful for ornamental cultivation,
both in America and Europe. Perhaps nowhere else in temperate
North America have in the past so many celebrated European plant
collectors searched for novelties to be grown in the Old World
gardens. Some of these collectors were sent out by private enter-
prise, while others went under government patronage. Notable
among them were John Lyon, the Frasers, and the Michaux. In
passing, it may be mentioned that American collectors were not
wanting. John Bartram, the first native American botanist, heads
the list.

The dog-laurel was introduced into European gardens in the
latter half of the eighteenth century. Apparently it was first
cultivated in an English nursery in 1794, from seeds sent from
America by Michaux. It is now widely cultivated as an ornamental
shrub, and quite justly so, and is hardy far northward of the northern
limit of its natural range which is in southwestern Virginia and
Tennessee.

The specimen from which the accompanying illustration was
made has been grown in the New York Botanical Garden since 1914.

Joun K. SMALL.

EXPLANATION of PLATE. Fig. 1.—Fall foliage. Fig. 2—Flowering branch.
Fig. 3.—Corolla opened, X 2. Fig. 4—Stamen, X 4.

. Ame: pean

Bee

ADDISONIA

>LATE 152

‘ert

|
4

BRYOPHYLLUM CRENATUM

ADDISONIA 63

(Plate 152)
BRYOPHYLLUM CRENATUM

Madagascar Sprouting-leaf
Native of central Madagascar
Family CRASSULACEAE ORPINE Family

Bryophyllum crenatum Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 20: 139. 1884.

A glaucous, succulent, glabrous perennial, usually two to three
feet tall, sometimes larger, with crenate leaf-blades, and cymes of
yellow flowers. ‘The round stems are usually simple below and
trichotomously branched above, with the internodes rather long and
sometimes marked with purple. The leaves are opposite. The
blades are fleshy, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, shallowly and
coarsely crenate, the lower ones two to three inches long, on petioles
up to two inches long, cordate, two-eared by the usually incurved
basal lobes; they are light green above, paler beneath, with three to
five nerves on each side of the midrib which is prominent beneath;
the floral leaves are much smaller. The cymes are corymb-like, and
rather loosely flowered, with the pedicels slender and recurved.
The nodding flowers are a half to two thirds of an inch long; the
calyx is rose-colored, almost globose, with four deltoid teeth; the
corolla is yellow, its tube about twice as long as the calyx, the
four lobes with rounded tips. The eight stamens are included, in
one series, inserted above the middle of the tube; the filaments are
about a quarter of an inch long, with small anthers. ‘The carpels
are about a quarter of an inch long, with styles of about the same
length.

This interesting succulent was discovered by Robert Lyall about
ninety years ago. It grows well in the ordinary succulent house,
and is of easy culture. The specimen from which the illustration
was prepared was secured in an exchange with the Royal Gardens,

Kew, England, in 1902.

The genus Bryophyllum contains five known species, all natives
of Africa, although one, Bryophyllum calycinum, has become so
widely distributed that it appears native in America and Asia.

GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Middle part of stem and leaves. Fig. 2.—
Upper part of stem with cyme. Fig. 3—Flower, calyx removed, X 3. Fig. 4.—
Corolla, split open exposing stamens, X 3. Fig. 5—Carpels, X 3.

ADDISONIA

PLATE 153

= LILIUM HENRY!

ADDISONIA 65

(Plate 153)
LILIUM HENRYI

Henry’s Lily
Native of central China
Family LiuitAckAB Lity Family

Lilium Henryi Baker, Gard. Chron. III. 4: 660. 1888.

A herbaceous plant, with a large, reddish-brown, globular bulb
three or four inches in diameter, of many oblong, fleshy scales.
‘The stem reaches a height of from four to eight feet, is smooth,
deep green, and bears about thirty leaves, and from one to twenty
flowers at its summit. ‘The lower leaves are about five inches
long and one inch wide, sessile, acute, and prominently seven- or
eight-veined, and have entire margins; the leaves toward the top of
the stem successively are much shorter, the uppermost being nearly
circular in outline; they are somewhat clasping at the base, acumi-
nate, the tips being slightly recurved. ‘The large flowers are on
long branches, lack fragrance, and are mostly nodding. ‘The six
perianth-segments are lanceolate, reflexed and curved from their
bases; they are apricot or orange-yellow in color, spotted with
reddish-brown, keeled near their bases, in the center with glistening
patches of green, on both sides of which are numerous yellow,
club-shaped papillae. The six stamens, with green filaments,
hang down two or three inches below the perianth-segments, curving
outward from the style; the red-brown anthers are centrally at-
tached. ‘The style is nearly as long as the stamens, slightly curved,
and the stigma indistinct. The capsule is large, with six prominent
ridges, and contains many seeds.

This lily, sometimes called the ‘‘yellow speciosum,’ because of
its relation and similarity of form and habit to Lilium speciosum,
was introduced into cultivation in 1898, flowering first in the Royal
Gardens at Kew, England, from bulbs sent by Augustine Henry
from the grassy slopes of Ichang, Western Hupeh, China, where
he had first collected it a year before. Mr. E. H. Wilson says
“‘TIchang is best known to horticulturalists as the home of the lovely
Lilium Henryt.”

While not deemed perfectly hardy, Henry’s lily does well if
planted with the protection of conifers or rhododendrons, as it
likes a little shade and coolness at the roots. Green backgrounds
also enhance its attractiveness, bringing out the contrast of orange,
yellow-green centers, and reddish dots and anthers. ‘This lily may
be propagated not only by bulbs, but by seeds, which are produced
abundantly.

‘

66 ADDISONIA

Since 1914 a few specimens have flourished along the edge of a
planting of conifers in the beds near Conservatory Range 1, in
the New York Botanical Garden, and from one of these our illus-
tration was prepared.,
KENNETH R. Boynton.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Upper part of flowering stem. Fig. 2—
Lower leaf. Fig. 3—Capsule.

Fs ‘ia,
ria ch

eae}

fy ci
‘)
ia! Act ‘ a

it Ng
Haylee, Se

ADDISONIA

PLATE 154

CRATAEGUS CALPODENDRON

ADDISONIA 67

(Plate 154)
CRATAEGUS CALPODENDRON

Pear Thorn
Native of the eastern United States

Family MALACEAE APPLE Family

Crataegus tomentosa Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. 183. 1771. Not Crataegus tomen-

tosa 1753:

Mespilus Calpodendron Ehrh. Beitr. 2: 67. 1788.
Crataegus Calpodendron Medic. Gesch. Bot. 83. 1793.
Crataegus Chapmani Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 28: 270. 1898.

Usually a tree up to twenty feet tall, its widely spreading branches
forming a flat head, or sometimes only a shrub. ‘The branchlets
are at first tomentose, later becoming glabrous, and are commonly
unarmed, or sometimes with slender straight spines an inch or two
long. The nearly globular winter-buds have their protecting scales
of a chestnut-brown color and ciliate on the margins. ‘The leaf-
blades are ovate, ovate-oblong, or rhombic-ovate, one and a half to
three inches long and one to three inches wide; they are rather
abruptly contracted below into the petiole and acute or acuminate
at the apex; they are gray-green, turning scarlet or a brilliant orange
in the autumn, with a pale persistent pubescence on the lower surface,
puberulous and ultimately glabrous on the upper surface; the
margins are commonly incisely lobed and are usually doubly serrate,
except at the base. The flowers, about a half inch in diameter,
are in broad flat-topped clusters which are pubescent and furnished
with lanceolate bracts. The calyx-tube, or hypanthium, is obconic
and tomentose. The persistent sepals, reflexed after flowering
time, are lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-lanciniate, and equal or
somewhat exceed the erose white petals. There are ten to twenty
stamens, with small pink anthers, and usually two or three styles.
The fruit is pear-shaped or ellipsoid, rarely nearly globose, up to a
half inch broad, orange-red or red, the flesh glutinous. The seeds
have deep pits on their ventral surfaces.

This is a desirable decorative plant on account of the persistent
fruit, which usually remains on the branches until the following
spring, retaining essentially its bright color. The few spines also
make it less aggressive than most species, a character appreciated
by those who have tried to make an intimate acquaintance with
some of the thorns. It is commonly found growing wild along forest
borders or in the neighborhood of streams, from central New York
and northeastern New Jersey to Minnesota and Missouri, with an

extension southward in the mountains to northern Georgia. ‘The

68 ADDISONIA

specimen from which the illustration was prepared has been in the
collections of the New York Botanical Garden since 1903.
GEORGE V. Nasu.

EXPLANATION OF PxLaTE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruiting
branch.

PLATE 155 ADDISONIA

ELAEAGNUS MULTIFLORUS

ADDISONIA 69

(Plate 155)
ELAEAGNUS MULTIFLORA

Goumi

Native of Japan and China
Family ELAEAGNACEAE OLEASTER Family

Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. Fl. Jap. 60. 1784.
Elaeagnus longipes A Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 6:405. 1858.
Elaeagnus edulis Sieb.; May, Rev. Hort. 1876: 18. 1876.

A much-branched shrub, up to six feet tall, the branchlets covered
with reddish brown scales, the fragrant flowers yellowish white, in
the leaf-axils, and the fruit scarlet. The leaves are alternate, with
petioles a half inch long or less. The blades are up to two and a
half inches long and an inch and a quarter wide, oval, elliptic, ovate,
or obovate-oblong, the apex acute or rather abruptly acuminate,
the base cuneate; the upper surface often has stellate hairs when
young, later becoming glabrous; the lower surface is entirely cov-
ered with silvery scales, with a few scattered brown ones. ‘The
pendulous flowers are single, or in clusters of two or three, on pedi-
cels, as long as themselves or longer, thickly covered with reddish
brown scales. The perianth, thickly covered with scales, has a
marked constriction toward the base, below which it is ellipsoid,
above bell-shaped; it has four broadly ovate acute or somewhat
obtuse lobes about as long as the tube. ‘The four stamens have
short filiments inserted near the mouth of the perianth. ‘The style
is linear, shorter than the perianth. ‘The scarlet oblong fruit is
pendulous, on pedicels as long as or longer than themselves, and
ripens in July or August.

This shrub is attractive on account of its numerous odorous
flowers, of a spicy fragrance, and its bright fruit which is usually
borne in great abundance. It will thrive in almost any well-drained
soil, preferring a sunny situation. The fruit has an agreeable
slightly acid flavor, and might prove valuable for preserving. ‘The
specimen from which the illustration was prepared has been in the
collections of the New York Botanical Garden since 1895, and was
obtained from the Arnold Arboretum.

The genus Elaeagnus comprises about forty known species,
found in the Mediterranean region and temperate and tropical
Asia, with one species in temperate North America. Many of
them are of great decorative value on account of their handsome
foliage and striking fruit; the flowers, while inconspicuous, are

usually fragrant. Almost any well-drained soil suits them, but a

70 ADDISONIA

sunny position is preferable; they will even grow in a limestone
country. They may be propagated from seeds,, which do not,
however, germinate until the second year after sowing; a good plan
is to stratify them the first year, sowing the spring of the second.
They may also be propagated by cuttings of mature or half-ripened
wood, or by layering. Grafting may also be resorted to for the
variegated and rarer kinds, seedlings of species of vigorous growth
being used for the stock.

GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Fruiting branch. Fig. 2.—Flowering
branch. Fig. 3—Flower, corolla opened, X 2. Fig. 4.—Leaf.

id ren
7 PU

~
he

ADDISONIA

PLATE 156

é

ig

calm i

>

Jy

BULBOPHYLLUM GRANDIFLORUM

ADDISONIA 71

(Plate 156)
BULBOPHYLLUM GRANDIFLORUM

Large-flowered Bulbophyllum

Native of New Guinea
Family ORCHIDACEAE ORCHID Family

Bulbophyllum grandiflorum Blume, Rumphia 4: 42. 1848.

An epiphytic plant with creeping stems, one-leaved pseudo-
bulbs, and a scape bearing a single large brownish flower. ‘The
pseudobulbs are prismatic, one to two inches long, narrowed up-
ward, and are an inch or so distant on the stem. ‘The leaf is oblong-
elliptic, erect, up to ten inches long and one to two inches wide,
with the apex obtuse or sometimes retuse, and narrowed at the
base into a short stalk; it is of firm texture and shining. The scape,
eight inches or a foot long, arises from the base of the pseudobulb,
has usually two or three bracts, the upper one sheathing the flower-
stalk, and bears on a curved stalk a large flower. ‘The dorsal sepal,
measuring four to five inches long and about two inches wide, is of a
peculiar light greenish brown with a number of lighter spots between
the nerves, chiefly on the lower part; it is oblong-ovate, obtuse,
sickle-shaped, with the sides reflexed, and keeled on the back.
The lateral sepals are linear-oblong, three and a half to four inches
long and three fourths of an inch wide, lighter in color than the
dorsal sepal and not spotted, and are deflexed and incurved. The
light green petals are very small, about an eighth of an inch long,
triangular, and acute. ‘The three-lobed lip, whitish or pale green,
is about a quarter of an inch long, laterally compressed in front but
broader behind, the margins of the lateral lobes ciliate; it is attached
underneath about the middle to the foot of the column, and is so
delicately balanced that it trembles at the least touch; the terminal
lobe is tongue-shaped, the upper surface being deeply grooved, the
sides spotted with red. The column is short and stout. The
anther is yellow and brown. ‘The pollinia are four.

This is the largest member of the genus, and its right to this
distinction is indicated by the specific name. It was discovered in
New Guinea in 1828 by Zippel, a naturalist who accompanied an
expedition commissioned by the Dutch government to establish a
civil and military settlement in that archipelago. A peculiarity of
this genus is the small size of the petals and lip as compared with
the sepals, but in no other species is the contrast in this respect so
great as in this, the exaggerated size of the sepals and the diminutive
petals and lip being remarkable. For many years after its dis-
covery it was known only in a wild state, but finally a specimen,

72 ADDISONIA

said to have been obtained from the Messrs. Lindley in 1887,
flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, and was exhibited
on March 26, 1895, at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society,
under the name of Bulbophyllum burfordiense. It requires a hot
humid house for its successful cultivation. The illustration was
prepared from a plant which has been in the collections of the New
York Botanical Garden since 1911.

The genus Bulbophyllum contains about five hundred known
species, distributed for the greater part in tropical Asia, Africa,
and Australia, with a few in New Zealand and America, although
the American forms by some are considered a different genus.
The flowers are usually small or of medium size, none of the others
approaching this in the magnitude of its flowers.

GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Plant, showing creeping stem, pseudobulbs
and leaves, and lower part of scape. Fig. 2.—Upper part of scape with flower.
Fig. 3—Column and portions of adjacent parts, front view, X 2. Fig. 4.—
Column, side view, X 2. Fig. 5.—Anther, X 5. Fig. 6.—Pollinia, X 5.

ADDISONIA

PLATE 157

MEEolon—

FAGELIA DIVERSIFOLIA

ADDISONIA 73

(Plate 157)
FAGELIA DIVERSIFOLIA

Cut-leaved Slipperwort
Native of Colombia
Family SCROPHULARIACEAE FiGwort Family

Fagelia diversifolia Pennell, sp. nov.

A sparsely pubescent erect herbaceous plant, with deeply and
variously cut leaves and lax corymbs of slipper-form yellow flowers.
The roots are fibrous, but with a short tap-root. The stem is from
one to three feet tall, branched above through the inflorescence, and
is sparsely pubescent, especially about the nodes, with gland-
tipped hairs. The leaves are pinmately lobed with two or three
pairs of segments, irregularly doubly serrate-dentate, are green
above and pale beneath, and with a scattered pubescence on both
surfaces; they are very variable in the form of the segments and
the depth of the cutting, this in the upper leaves reaching nearly
to the midrib, in the lower being only a pronounced dentation. The
inflorescence is ample and leafy-bracted throughout, appearing as if
dichotomously branched with axillary pedicels; inspection shows
that this inflorescence, which is characteristic of this genus, consists
of a pair of terminal flowers at each joint, the branch or branches
developing from buds axillary to the bract-leaves. ‘The pedicels
are about an inch long, and pubescent with gland-tipped hairs.
The four sepals are ovate, acuminate, slightly serrate, and exter-
nally slightly pubescent and ciliate with gland-tipped hairs. The
corolla, as throughout this genus, is remarkably modified; the
posterior lip, composed of the two posterior lobes, remains as a
very short arch, with a narrow slit-like orifice; the anterior lip or
pouch, about half an inch long, is developed into a large inflated
pendent pouch, nearly closed at its narrow orifice by an upgrowth
of its anterior wall; above this orifice is a narrow neck at the widest
part of which the corollais abruptly hinged, the pouch projecting
forward so that the concavity on its outer surface just below its
orifice nearly closes against the posterior lip; the corolla is yellow
throughout, and is slightly pubescent posteriorly both without and
within. ‘The stamens are but two, and lack the filament, the separ-
ated anther-sacs being borne on two arms of the connective; one
sac, of a deep yellow, bears pollen, and is hid within the hood; the
other sac, of a pale yellow, is sterile, and projects in such a manner
that an insect, pushing into the orifice of the pouch, will hit it.
This action, through the lever-like connective, forces the posterior
sac out through the slit-like posterior orifice and dusts the insects
back with pollen. The style matures after the anthers and is
curved downward so that the stigma may be touched by the insect

74 ADDISONIA

visitant. The capsule is one third of an inch long, globose-pyra-
midal, obtuse, and pubescent with short gland-tipped hairs. The
minute seeds, only about one fortieth of an inch long, are oblong,
ridged, brown.

The type of this new species was collected on a moist bank at
Chipaque, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, at an altitude
of about 8700 feet, August 23, 1917, my number 1320, and is pre-
served in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

This plant is apparently a native of the upper eastern slopes of
the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes; it was also collected by me at
Ubague; and it is cultivated in gardens, in Colombia.

This, our first species to be illustrated in App1sonrA, shows well
the complexity of organization of the flower of Fagelza, or, as it has
long been known, Calceolaria. It is difficult in such a corolla to
see any vestige of an original series of five petals; moreover the
stamens are not only reduced in number from five to two but these
two are modified into an excellent mechanical device to bring about
cross-pollination. That the complexity extends to other parts
of the plant structure is shown by the paired terminal flowers
(perhaps axillary by the suppression of two internodes), an inflores-
cence far removed from the indefinite racemes of simple axillary
pedicels general in the figwort family. Its whole structure tells us
that Fagelia is one of the most evolved of figworts, and that this
section of Fagelia, possessing such divided anthers, is the most
advanced of this large genus.

There are very many species of slipperworts, occurring in
much diversity and abundance throughout the Andes mountain-
system, with outlying species northward to southern Mexico, and
in New Zealand. ‘The genus is singularly plastic, and, as with the
beard-tongues in North America, the mapping of the ranges of its
different species will certainly give us a sensitive test for deciding
areas of plant distribution.

Our illustration has been made from a plant grown at the New
York Botanical Garden, from seed taken from the type specimen.

FRANCIS W. PENNELL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Corolla bent

back to a flat position, and with main portion of pouch removed, X 2. Fig. 3.—
Stamens and base of corolla, X 3. Fig. 4.—Calyx and immature capsule, X 2.

PLATE 158 ADDISONIA

EUONYMUS PATENS

ADDISONIA 75

(Plate 158)
EUONYMUS PATENS

Spreading Spindle-tree
Native of central China
Family CELASTRACEAE STAFF-TREE Family

Euonymus patens Rehder, in Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 127. 1903.

A glabrous compact shrub up to ten feet tall, with spreading
branches, semi-persistent chartaceous leaves, greenish flowers, and
pink fruit. The grayish green young branchlets are obscurely
four-angled and minutely warty; the winter-buds are ovate. The
leaves are opposite, with petioles usually a quarter inch long or less.
The blades are elliptic to oblong-elliptic, or sometimes obovate or
obovate-oblong, up to three inches long and an inch and a half wide,
with the apex acutish or somewhat acuminate, and the base cuneate;
they are bright green on the upper surface, paler beneath, and have
five or six pairs of ascending nerves; the margin is crenate-serrate.
The flowers, a third to two fifths of an inch in diameter, are borne
in loose upright cymes which are long-stalked, and are from two
to four times dichotomously branched; the peduncles are up to one
and a half inches long, and the pedicels commonly less than a half
inch. The four sepals are nearly orbicular, and the four petals of
similar shape, but about three times as long. ‘The four stamens
are a half to two thirds as long as the petals and are inserted below
the four-angled disk. ‘The pink capsules are about two fifths of an
inch in diameter, nearly globose, and not lobed. ‘The seeds are
pinkish brown, and are entirely covered by the orange-red arils.

A shrub of decorative value on account of its semi-persistent
foliage and handsome fruits. It grows well in any ordinary soil,
and is hardy as far north as Massachusetts. It was introduced into
the United States by George H. Hall, who had resided at Shang-
hai, China, for several years previous to 1860. It flowers in August
and September, and ripens its fruit in October and November.
The semi-persistent character of the leaves in the neighborhood of
New York city would indicate that further south it would be an
evergreen. Itis usually cultivated in American gardens and offered
for sale in nursery catalogues under the incorrect name of Euonymus
Sieboldians. The specimen from which the illustration was
prepared has been in the collections of the New York Botanical

Garden since 1911.
GEORGE V. NASH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Flower, X 2.
Fig. 3.—Fruiting branch.

PLATE 159 ADDISONIA

POINSETTIA HETEROPHYLLA

ADDISONIA AT

(Plate 159)

POINSETTIA HETEROPHYLLA
Fire-on-the-mountain
Native of the central and western United States

Family EUPHORBIACEAE SPURGE Family

Euphorbia heterophylla L,. Sp. Pl. 453. 1753.
Poinsettia heterophylla Klotzsch & Garcke; Klotzsch, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin
1859: 253. 1859.

An annual, bushy herb, one to four feet high, with a milky, acrid
juice. ‘The stems are erect, green, glabrous, and bear many leaves
and red-blotched bracts subtending closely-clustered involucres.
The leaves are alternate, bright green, slender-petioled, and ex-
tremely variable in shape; the lower ones are ovate, wedge-shaped
at their bases, acuminate, with sinuate-dentate margins; the upper
ones are nearly as large, mostly fiddle-shaped, and variously
toothed, often red-blotched near the base. The bracts subtending
the clusters of involucres are small, lanceolate, acute, and with
showy bright red areas near their bases. The involucres, resembling
perianths but actually containing the reduced staminate and pistil-
late flowers, are in dense clusters, closely surrounded by the red
bracts; they are green and cup-shaped and have four fimbriate lobes
with usually one rarely four small green glands, without petal-like
appendages, on the sinuses. The four stamens are short and thick,
with bright green anthers. The ovaries, on short stalks, bearing
three-parted spreading stigmas, quickly ripen into three-lobed
capsules containing three cream-colored tuberculate seeds.

The fire-on-the-mountain, or annual poinsettia, as this spurge is
sometimes called, while lacking showy floral parts, has, in common
with our Christmas poinsettia, the conspicuous red markings,
although not of such vivid hue. It is a valuable summer-flowering
plant, a companion to our snow-on-the-mountain (PLATE 86),
which has white bracts.

This plant was introduced into cultivation about 1885, through
American seedsmen. If cut back early in the season, it will make a
strong bush for summer color. Propagation is effected by seeds
sown in the open ground in spring, or better by sowing the seeds in a
coldframe or greenhouse in March. The young plants should be
pinched back so they will branch freely and become stocky.

78 ADDISONIA

Our illustration was made from specimens growing in the border
of the New York Botanical Garden, where many are raised each
year from seed.

KENNETH R. BOYNTON.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Upper part of flowering stem. Fig. 2.—
Leaf. Fig. 3—Involucre, with flowers, X 3.

PLATE 160 ADDISONIA

N-E.Ealon.

PENSTEMON TENUIFLORUS

ADDISONIA " 79

(Plate 160)
PENSTEMON TENUIFLORUS

Slender-flowered White Beard-tongue
Native of the central Mississippi Valley

Family SCROPHULARIACEAE Ficwort Family

Penstemon tenuiflorus Pennell, sp. nov.

A finely pubescent herbaceous plant, from a short rootstock
sending up usually but one stem, terminating in a panicle of very
slender white flowers. The erect stems, finely pubescent with
scattered minute white hairs, are one to two feet tall. The leaves
of the winter rosette, persisting at the base of the stem until the
flowering season, are about four inches long, the petiole nearly
equaling the ovate blade; the stem-leaves are lanceolate and sessile,
clasping by a rounded base; all are softly pubescent with minute
rather sparse hairs, light green, scarcely paler beneath, and with
obscurely serrulate margins. The panicle, less than one third the
height of the plant, is rather secund, lax and composed of but three
or four nodes; the branching is as in P. Digitalis (PLATE 130); its
bracts throughout are very much smaller than the leaves and not at
all conspicuous; stems, pedicels, and calyces are pubescent with
gland-tipped hairs. The peduncles are usually well developed,
frequently an inch in length, although the pedicels are short.
The sepals are ovate, acute, with slightly erose scarious margins,
and are about one seventh of an inch long. ‘The corolla is slightly
over one inch long, its form as narrow as in P, hirsutus (PLATE 45);
its throat is gradually slightly inflated, narrowly arched and keeled
above, flattened and strongly two-ridged within, while at its mouth
it is nearly closed by the upraised base of the anterior lip; the pos-
terior lip is formed of two lobes which are united and arched about
two thirds their length, beyond which their free portions are erect-
recurved; the anterior lobes are longer, spreading; the corolla is
white, only faintly tinged externally and on the margins of the lobes
with violet, and has no lines of deep color within the throat; ex-
ternally it is finely pubescent with gland-tipped hairs, and within,
over the bases of the anterior lobes and on the two ridges within
the throat, it is strongly pubescent with yellow hairs. ‘The stamens
are essentially asin P. hirsutus, the anther-sacs narrower and always
glabrous. ‘The sterile filament is densely bearded distally with
short lemon-yellow hairs. The capsule has not been seen.

The type specimen was collected in loam soil in open pineland,
three miles southeast of Albany, Morgan County, Alabama, on
May 27, 1917, my number 9753, and is preserved in the herbarium
of the New York Botanical Garden. ‘The species is known to occur
from Illinois to northern Alabama, and in central Oklahoma.

80 ADDISONIA

The history of the specimen from which our drawing has been
prepared is the same as that outlined for Penstemon calycosus
(PLATE 136). The plant, placed in the soil in the summer of 1917,
survived the ensuing severe winter, flowered in 1918, but died
without producing seed.

It is surprising to find in the supposedly well-known flora of the
central portion of the United States a beard-tongue of the striking
distinctness of this, and moreover one scarcely known to collectors.
Like others of this genus, this species when seen in flower is very
distinct from its allies, but dried specimens, which have lost their
color and color-pattern and even much of the corolla form, are
more difficult of interpretation. Its alliance is certainly with Pen-
stemon hirsutus, from which the white flowers and the minute
pubescence distinguish it. It is most likely to be confused with
Small’s P. pallidus, but that species has much more densely pubes-
cent leaves and smaller corollas, the white of which is broken,
within the throat on its lower side, by many longitudinal fine lines
of violet-blue.

FRANCIS W. PENNELL.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Corolla opened
X 2. Fig. 3—Anther, front view, <5. Fig. 4.—Anther, rear view, X 5.
Fig. 5.—Portion of stem and leaves.

ADDISONIA

81

INDEX

Bold-face type is used for the Latin names of plants illustrated; sMALL
CAPITALS for Latin names of families illustrated and for the names of the authors
of the text; ztalics for other Latin names, including synonyms.

Allamanda,
Little, 33
Wild, 21

ALLIONIACEAE:

126

Alonsoa, 60
meridionalis, 59, plate 150

Andromeda Catesbaei, 61

APOCYNACEAE: Rhabdadenia coral-
licola, pl. 137; Urechites pine-
torum, pl. 131

Apple, Hall’s, 27

Apple family, 5, 27, 35, 47, 67

ARACEAE: Orontium aquaticum, pl. 146

Arachis hypogaea, 12

Arctotis, 45
grandis, 45, plate 143
stoechadtfolia, 45
stoechadifolia grandis, 45

Arrow-wood, 37

Arum family, 51

Okenia hypogaea, pl.

Beard-tongue,
Fox-glove, 19
Hairy-stemmed, 49
Long-sepaled, 31
Slender-flowered White, 79
Bitter-sweet, Japanese Shrubby, 9
Bluet, Mountain, 57
Boynton, KENNETH ROWLAND: Arc-
totis grandis, 45; Centaurea montana,
57; Eupatorium coelestinum, 39;
Lilium Henryi, 65; Poinsettia hete-
rophylla, 77; Sedum spectabile, 3
Bryophyllum, 63
calycinum, 63
crenatum, 63, plate 152
Bulbophyllum, Large-flowered, 71
Bulbophyllum, 72
burfordiense, 72
grandiflorum, 71, plate 156

CACTACEAE: Echinopsis leucantha, pl.
147
Cactus family, 53
CAESALPINIACEAE: Chamaecrista Deer-
ingiana, pl. 121
Calceolaria, 74
CAPRIFOLIACEAE: Viburnum Lantana,
pl. 148
CARDUACEAE: Arctotis grandis, pl. 143;
Centaurea montana, pl. 149; Eupa-
tortum coelestinum, pl. 140; Eupa-
torium maculatum, pl. 132
Carex stricta, 24
Cascabel, Little, 59
Cascabelito, 59
CELASTRACEAE: Celastrus articulatus,
pl. 125; Euonymus patens, pl. 158
Celastrus, 10
articulatus, 9, plate 125
orbiculatus, 9
scandens, 9
Centaurea, 57
americana, 57
Cyanus, 57
montana, 57, plate 149
nigra, 57
Cereus leucanthus, 53
Chamaecrista
brachiata, 2
Deeringiana, 1, plate 121
Chelone hirsuta, 49
Conoclinium, 39
coelestinum, 39

CONVOLVULACEAE: Ipomoea tenuis-
sima, pl. 128
CRASSULACEAE: Bryophyllum crena-

tum, pl. 152; Sedum spectabile, pl. 122
Crataegus, 5
Calpodendron, 67, plate 154
Chapmant, 67
macrosperma, 35, plate 138

82

Crataegus spathulata, 47, plate 144
succulenta, 5, plate 123
tomentosa, 67

Cypripedium, 42
Rothschildianum, 41

Dimorphotheca aurantiaca, 45
Dogbane family, 21, 33
Dog-laurel, 61
Dune-groundnut, 11

Echinocactus leucanthus, 53
Echinopsis, 53
Leucanthus, 53, plate 147
ELAEAGNACEAE: Elaeagnus muliflora,
pl. 155
Elaeagnus, 69
edulis, 69
longipes, 69
multiflora, 69, plate 155
ERICACEAE: Leucothoe Catesbaei, pl.
151; Oxydendrum arboreum, pl. 139
Euonymus
patens, 75, plate 158
Sieboldiana, 75
Eupatorium
coelestinum, 39, plate 140
maculatum, 23, plate 132
purpureum maculatum, 23
urticaefolium, 39
Euphorbia heterophylla, 77
EUPHORBIACEAE: Poinsettia hetero-
phylla, pl. 159

Fagelia, 74
diversifolia, 73, plate 157
Figwort family, 19, 31, 49, 59, 73, 79
Fire-on-the-mountain, 77
Forsythia, 18
Fortunei, 17, plate 129
intermedia, 17
suspensa, 17
viridissima, 17
Four-o’clock family, 11

Gerbera Jamesoni, 45
Golden-bell, Fortune’s, 17
Golden-club, 51

Goumi, 69

ADDISONIA

Grass-pink, 8
Simpson’s, 7
HAMAMELIDACEAE: Hamamelis vir-
giniana, pl. 142
Hamamelis virginiana, 43, plate 142
Haw, Small-fruited, 47
Heath family, 37, 61
Heliotrope,
White, 25
Yellow, 29
Heliotrope family, 25, 29
HELIOTROPIACEAE: Heliotropium Lea-
venworthi, pl. 135; polyphyllum, pl.
133
Heliotropium
horizontale, 26
Leavenworthii, 26, 29, plate 135
peruvianum, 26
polyphyllum, 25, plate 133
polyphyllum Leavenworthii. 29
Honeysuckle family, 55

Ipomoea tenuissima, 15, plate 128

Jack-in-the-pulpit, 51
Joe-pye weed, Spotted, 23

Leucothoe Catesbaei, 61, plate 151
Im1acEaAE: Lilium. Henryi, pl. 153
Lilium
Henryi, 65, plate 153
speciosum, 65
Lily, Henry’s, 65
Lily family, 65
Lily-of-the-valley tree, 37
Limodorum
pulchellum, 8
Simpsonii, 7, plate 124
Loasa family, 13
LoasacEaE: Menizelia floridana, fl.
127
MACKENZIE, KENNETH KENT: Eupa-
torium maculatum, 23
MALACEAE: Crataegus Calpodendron,
pl. 154; Crataegus macrosperma, fl.
138; Crataegus spathulata, pl. 144;
Crataegus succulenta, pl. 123; Malus
Halliana, pl. 134

ADDISONIA

Malus Halliana, 27, plate 134
Mentzelia, 13

aspera. 14

floridana, 13, plate 127
Mespilus Calpodendron, 67
Mist-flower, 39
Morning-glory, Cuban, 15
Morning-glory family, 15
Mountain bluet, 57

NasH, GEORGE VALENTINE: Bryo-
phyllum crenatum, 63; Bulbophyllum
grandiflorum, 71; Celastrus articu-
latus, 9; Crataegus Calpodendron,
67; Crataegus macrosperma, 35; Cra-
taegus spathulata, 47; Crataegus suc-
culenta, 5; Elaeagnus multiflora, 69;
Euonymus patens, 75; Forsythia
Fortunet, 17; Hamamelis virginiana,
43; Malus Halliana, 27; Orontium
aquaticum, 51; Oxydendrum arbor-
eum, 37; Paphiopedilum Rothschil-
dianum, 41; Viburnum Lantana, 55

Okenia hypogaea, 11, plate 126

OLEACEAE: Forsythia Fortunet, pl. 129

Oleaster family, 69

Olive family, 17

Orchid family, 7, 41, 71

ORCHIDACEAE: Bulbophyllum grandi-
florum, pl. 156; Limodorum Simp-
sonit, pl. 124; Paphiopedilum Roths-
childianum, pl. 141

Orontium, 51

aquaticum, 51, plate 146
Orpine family, 3, 63
Oxydendrum arboreum, 37, plate 139

Paphiopedilum, 42
Rothschildianum, 41, plate 141
Partridge-pea, Deering’s, 1
Peanut, 12
PENNELL, FRANCIS WHITTIER: Alonsoa
meridionalis, 59; Fagelia diversifohia,
73; Penstemon calycosus, 31; Pen-
stemon Digitalis, 19; Penstemon htr-
sutus, 49; Penstemon tenutflorus, 79
Penstemon, 20
calycosus, 31, 80, plate 136

83

Penstemon Digitalis, 19, 31, 49, 79,
plate 130
hirsutus, 49, 79, 80, plate 145
pallidus, 80
tenuiflorus, 79, plate 160
Phragmipedium, 42
Poinsettia,
Annual, 77
Christmas, 77
Poinsettia heterophylla, 77, plate 159
Poor-man’s patches, 13
Pyrus Halliana, 27

Rhabdadenia corallicola, 33, plate 137
Rose, JOSEPH NELSON: LEchinopsis
leucantha, 53

Schleidenia polyphylla, 25
Scrophularia meridionalis, 59
SCROPHULARIACEAE: Alonsoa meri-
dionalis, pl. 150; Fagelia diversifolia,
pl. 157; Penstemon calycosus, pl. 136;
Penstemon Digitalis, pl. 130; Penste-
mon hirsutus, pl. 145; Penstemon
tenutflorus, pl. 160
Sedum, Showy, 3
Sedum
Fabaria, 3
spectabile, 3, plate 122
triphyllum, 3
Selenipedium, 42
Senna family, 1
Slipperwort, Cut-leaved, 73
SMALL, JOHN KUNKEL: Chamaecrista
Deeringiana, 1; Heliotropium Leaven-
worthu, 29; Heliotropium polyphyl-
lum, 25; Ipomoea tenuissima, 15;
Leucoihoe Catesbaet, 61; Limodorum
Simpsoni, 7; Mentzelia floridana, 13;
Okenia hypogaea, 11; Rhabdadenia
corallicola, 33; Urechites pinetorum, 21
Sorrel-tree, 37
Sour gum, 37
Sourwood, 37
Spindle-tree, Spreading, 75
Sprouting-leaf, Madagascar, 63
Spurge family, 77
Stafi-tree family 9, 75
Syringa suspensa, 18

84

Thistle family, 23, 39, 45, 57
Thorn,

Long-spined, 5

Pear, 67

Variable, 35
Titi, 37
Torch-thistle, White, 53
Trichocereus, 53
Tussock-sedge, 24

Urechites
lutea, 22
pinetorum, 21, plate 131

Venidium calendulaceum, 45
Venus-slipper, Rothschild’s, 41

ADDISONIA

Viburnum
acerifolium, 56
Carlesti, 56
dilatatum, 56
Lantana, 55, plate 148
odoratissimum, 56
Opulus, 56
rhytidifolium, 56
Sieboldit, 56
Tinus, 56
tomentosum, 56
Wrightit, 56

Wayfaring tree, 55
Wedelia trilobata, 14
Witch-hazel, 43
Witch-hazel family, 43

PLATE

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vi

91.

FORMERPLATES =

31A. SEDUM DIVERSIFOLIUM —

31B. SEDUM HUMIFUSUM ©

82.. CATASETUM, SCURRA
83. CHIONODOXA LUCILIAE GIGANTEA
34, AGAVE SUBSIMPLEX:

35. DASYSTEPHANA PORPHYRIO
36. RHUS HIRTA DISSECTA

37,. CYMOPHYLLUS FRASERI

$8. OPUNTIA VULGARIS |”

39. . TILLANDSIA: SUBLAXA ©
40, (ECHEVERIA AUSTRALIS
44. NOLINA TEXANA
42. TRICHOSTERIGMA BENEDICTUM
‘43... BENTHAMIA JAPONICA

44. DIRCAEA MAGNIFICA

45... BUDDLEJA’ DAVID!
46. -GONGORA TRUNCATA ALBA
47... WERCKLEQCEREUS ‘GLABER
48. DUDLEYA BRANDEGE! -

49. ABELIA GRANDIFLORA

50. PEPEROMIA OBTUSIFOLIA

51. SOLIDAGO; JUNCEA. >

52." ECHEVERIA* MULTICAULIS

53... CATASETUM VIRIDIFLAVUM
54. SAGITTARIA LATIFOLIA

55. BACCHARIS: HALIMIFOLIA

‘56... XANTHISMA.TEXANUM
67. SEDUM BOURGAE!

&8.~ CIMICIFUGA SIMPLEX

59. FEIVWOA SELLOWIANA

60, ASTER AMETHYSTINUS

61. HARRISIA GRACILIS

62. EPIDENDRUM OBLONGATUM
63: ‘AESCULUS “PARVIFLORA

64. MICRAMPELIS LOBATA

65. BOMAREA EDULIS

66.. ASTER TATARICUS

67. “PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUM:
68. HARRISIA’ MARTINI

69. “ONCIDIUM PUBES

70: RAPHIOLEPIS. UMBELLATA

71. ROSA “SILVER MOON”

72. . DENDROBIUM, ATROVIOLACEUM
73. CENTRADENIA FLORIBUNDA
74; PIAROPUS. AZUREUS

75. SOLIDAGO ALTISSIMA

76. PENTAPTERYGIUM SERPENS
77... FREYLINIA LANCEOLATA

78. ANNESLIA TWEEDIEI

79. CRASSULA QUADRIFIDA

80. ASTER CORDIFOLIUS

81, “ARONIA ATROPURPUREA

82. ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE —
BSA. GYMNOCALYCIUM MULTIFLORUM. ,

83B.. GYMNOCALYCIUM) MOSTIL:

84. EUVONYMUS ALATA

85. DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA |

86. \LEPADENA MARGINATA>
87... MAACKIA AMURENSIS BUERGERI
88. HIBISCUS OCULIROSEUS ~~
89... CORNUS OFFICINALIS
90. OPUNTIA LASIACANTHA |

COTON aiid ate SIMONSI)

PLATE 92.

EGHEVERIA NODULOSA

PLATE 93... HELIANTHUS: ORGYALIS
PLATE 94.) SYMPHORICARPOS: ALBUS a‘

LAEVIGATUS.

PLATE 95, SINNINGIA SPECIOSA .
PLATE 96. | STYLOPHORUM DIPHYLLUV
- PLATE 97. ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA
PLATE. 98. HAMAMELIS JAPONICA.
PLATE 99, -HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS ©”
‘PLATE 100. SOBRALIA SESSILIS” |
PLATE 101, CORNUS MAS:
PLATE 102, SOLIDAGO, SQUARROSA
FLATE 108, CALLICARPA JAPONICA
PLATE 104. ASTER LAEVIS
PLATE 105. OPUNTIA OPUNTIA
PLATE 106: ILEX SERRATA ARGUTIDENS
PLATE 107, OTHONNA. CRASSIFOLIA
“PLATE 103. MAGNOLIA KOBUS
PLATE 109. CRASSULA. PORTULACEA
PLATE 110. VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM
PLATE 111. SYMPHORICARPOS
“SYMPHORICARPOS
* PLATE 1120. SPIRAEA THUNBERGH
PLATE 118... COREOPSIS: LEAVENWORTHII
“PLATE 114. ECHINACEA PURPUREA
PLATE 115. LANTANA DEPRESSA
PLATE 116. 1LEX VERTICILLATA :
PLATE 117... VIORNA BALDWINII
PLATE 118.) JUSSIAEA PERUVIANA
PLATE 119. SALVIA FARINACEA
PLATE 120.. DIANTHERA CRASSIFOLIA
PLATE 121.) GHAMAECRISTA DEERINGIANA
PLATE 122, SEDUM SPECTABILE
PLAT& 128. CRATAEGUS BUCCULENTA
PLATE 124. LIMODORUM SIMPSONII
PLATE 125. CELASTRUS ARTICULATUS
PLATE 126.) OKENIA HYPOGAEA
PLATE. 127.° MENTZELIA FLORIDANA
PLATE 128. IPOMOEA TENUISSIMA
PLATE 129. FORSYTHIA FORTUNE!
PLATE 130. PENSTEMON DIGITALIS
PLATE 131. URECHITES PINETORUM
PLATE 132. EUPATORIUM.MAGULATUM
PLATE 133. HELIOTROPIUM POLYPHYLLUM
PLATE 134. MALUS HAKLIANA
PLATE 135..° HELIOTROPIUM
be ee LEAVENWORTHIt
PLATE 186. \ PENSTEMON CALYCOSUS
PLATE) 137... RHABDADENIA CORALLICOLA |
PLATE 138, CRATAEGUS MACROSPERMA ~
PLATE 139, OXYDENDRUM ARBOREUM
PLATE 140. EUPATORIUM CORLESTINUM,
PLATE:141. PAPHIOPEDILUM.

6 ROTHSCHILDIANUM.
PLATE 142. HAMAMELIS. VIRGINIANA
PLATE 143. ARCTOTIS GRANDIS
PLATE 144.. CRATAEGUS ‘SPATHULATA iy
PLATE 145, \PENSTEMON HIRSUTUS:.
‘PLATE 146. © ORONTIUM’ AQUATICUM

PLATE 147.) ECHINOPSIS LEUCANTHA. «
“PLATE 143° VIBURNUMLANTANA
“PLATE 149., (CENTAUREA MONTANA,

150. ALONSOA MERIDIONALIS »

PLATE 151.
PLATE 152.
PLATE: 153.
PLATE 154.
PLATE 155.
PLATE 156.
PLATE 157.
PLATE 158,
PLATE 159.
PLATE 160.

CONTENTS

LEUCOTHOE CATESBAE!
BRYOPHYLLUM CRENATUM
LILIUM HENRY!

CRATAEGUS CALPODENDRON
ELAEAGNUS MULTIFLORA
BULBOPHYLLUM GRANDIFLORUM
FAGELIA DIVERSIFOLIA
EUONYMUS PATENS

POINSETTIA HETEROPHYLLA
PENSTEMON TENU!IFLORUS

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