DEARBORN

An address delivered before the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society

SB
105
D28

ADDRESS

-DELIVERED BEFORE THE

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY,

01* THE

CELEBRATION OF THEIR FIRST \\NN1VERSARY,

SEPTEMBER 19, 1829.

BY H. A. S. DEARBORN.

Man hath hit daily work of body, or mind

Appointed, which declares his dignity,

And the regard of heav'n on all his ways.— MILTOP

BOSTON,

FROM THE PRESS OF ISAAC R. BUTTS.

MDCCCXX1X.

ADDRESS

DELIVERED BEFORE THE

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY,

ON THE

CELEBRATION OF THEIR FIRST ANNIVERSARY,

SEPTEMBER 19, 1829.

BY H. A. S. DEARBORN.

Man hath his daily work of body, or mind

Appointed, which declares his dignity,

And the regard of heav'n on nil hia ways. — MILTON.

BOSTON,

FROM THE PRESS OP ISAAC R. BUTTS.

MDCCCXX1X.

t

BAflTA BARBARA

Gentlemen of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, —

THE history of Horticulture is co-extensive with that of the
human race. The first movement towards civilization is evin-
ced, in the cultivation of the soil ; and a garden is the incipient
type of extended agriculture, and of flourishing empires ; the
wild and erratic pursuits of the savage, are exchanged for the
local and quiet avocations of the husbandman ; the arts and sci-
ences are gradually developed, and rendered subservient to the
wants of society : but in the progress of intelligence and refine-
ment, those which were earliest called into existence, although
expanded and rendered universal, to meet the demands of an in-
creased, and condensed population, are the last which are per-
fectly matured. All the others must, previously, have approxi-
mated towards perfection. It is then, that the grand results of
their united application are manifested, in the variety, number,
utility, and beauty of the products of rural industry ; and that
the conveniencies, comforts, and enjoyments of life are fully real-
ized, by the triumphant labors of the accomplished horticul-
turist.

The imperious demands of man are food, raiment, and shelter.
These are furnished by the harvests, herds, and flocks of agricul-
ture, and the toils of the mechanic. As riches are multiplied,

and ambition excited, they are rendered conspicuous in the splen-
dor of apparel, the magnificence of mansions, and the sumptu-
ousness of furniture. The embellishments of letters, and the
discoveries of science gradually claim attention, and operating,
alternately, as cause and eifect, accelerate the progress of nations,
in the career of prosperity, power and glory ; — legislation, juris-
prudence, and statistics, become subjects of profound study, and
the deepest interest ; — the honorable profession of arms, in the
field and on the ocean, obtains precedence among the active, and
aspiring, over the less alluring and unostentatious vocations of
civil life ; while music, poetry, eloquence, painting, sculpture
and architecture have their votaries, and competitors, for the
prize of distinction and immortality ; but it is not until after all
these various objects of immediate interest, or of contingent and
associated importance, have been zealously pursued and success-
fully attained, that horticulture unfolds her endearing attributes
and exalted beauties. She forms the wreath which crowns the
monument of an empire's greatness, and takes rank among the
number, and becomes the most distinguished of the fine arts.

The mighty kingdoms of antiquity were conspicuous for their
martial achievements, wealth, and extended domination, — for the
intellectual attainments of their inhabitants, and most of the em-
bellishments which gave them lustre, and renown, in the imposing
march towards national grandeur, before the genius of horticul-
ture was successfully invoked. Egypt, the cradle of civilization,
so far perfected her tillage, that the fertile banks of the Nile
were adorned by a succession of luxuriant plantations, from the
cataract of Syenna to the marine shores of the Delta ; — but it
was after Thebes, with its hundred brazen gates, had been erect-
ed, and while the regal cities of Memphis, Heliopolis and Ten-
tyra, were rising in magnificence, and the stupendous temples,
pyramids and obelisks of her mythology became the wonders of
the world.

The olive crowned hills, extended vales, and teeming plains of
Palestine, have ever been celebrated for the beautiful gardens

which varied and enriched the landscape, — indicating the effect
of that long ancestral residence of the Israelites within, and their
juxta position to the realm of the Pharaohs ; — but it was not
until the embattled walls, and holy temple of Jerusalem, an-
nounced the resources, and advancement, and the prophets had
rebuked the extravagance and luxurious pleasures of that eternal
race. The queen of the East " had heard of the fame of Solo-
mon," and went to do him homage, — his commercial fleets of
Ezion-Geber and Tharshish, brought him the gold of Ophir,
the silver, ivory, spices and precious stones of Africa and Asia, —
the kings of Tyre and Arabia were his tributaries, and princes
his merchants, ere he " made orchards," " delighted to dwell in
gardens," or planted the " vineyard of Baalhamon."

The Assyrians had peopled the borders of the Tigris and
Euphrates from the Persian Gulf to the mountainous regions of
Ararat, and their victorious princes had founded Nineveh and
Babylon, before we hear of the expensive gardens of Semiramis.
The Persian empire had extended from the Indus to the Ar-
chipelago, when the Paradise of Sardis excited the astonishment
of the Spartan General, and Cyrus mustered the Grecian auxil-
iaries in the garden of Celsense.

The Greeks had repulsed the formidable invasions of Darius
and Xerxes, and Athens had reached the culminating point of
her exaltation, when the accomplished and gallant Cimon estab-
lished the Academus and presented it to his fellow-citizens, as a
public garden. Numerous others were soon planted and deco-
rated with temples, porticos, altars, statues and triumphal monu-
ments ; — but this was during the polished age of Pericles ; —
when Socrates and Plato taught their sublime philosophy, in the
sacred groves ; — when the theatres were thronged to listen to the
enrapturing poetry of Euripides and Aristophanes ; — when the
genius of Phidias was displayed in the construction of the in-
comparable Parthenon, and sculpturing the statues of the gods ; —
when eloquence and painting had reached perfection, and history
was taught by Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon.

Imperial Rome had subjugated the world, and emulated
Greece in literature, science arid the arts, when the superb villas
of Sallust, Crassus, Pompey, Caesar, Mecaenas, and Agrippina
were established, and the palaces of the Emperors were environed
by magnificent gardens.

The history of modern nations presents similar results. Hor-
ticulture had lingered in the rear of other pursuits, until the com-
mencement of the eighteenth century, when it began to claim the
attention of some of the most illustrious characters of England ;
but the origin, establishment, and extension of the present im-
proved style of gardening are of recent date. " Bacon was the
prophet, Milton the herald, and Addison, Pope, and Kent the
champions of true taste." The principles, which were developed
in their writings, and those of Shenstone, the Masons, and
Wheatly, and their successful application in the examples pro-
duced by the taste and genius of Bridgeman, Wright, Brown,
and Eames, soon rendered the system popular, and gradually ex-
tending over Europe, it ultimately reached this country. Still,
gardening, in the broadest signification of the term, did not re-
ceive that distinguished and universal consideration, which it
merits, until the establishment of the London Horticultural So-
ciety, which constitutes an era in the annals of Great Britain, of
momentous import. It has given an impetus to cultivation, which
is felt in the remotest regions of the globe. The noble example
has been followed in the most flourishing kingdoms of the East-
ern continent, and many similar institutions have been founded
in the United States. An interest has thus been excited, and a
spirit of inquiry awakened, which cannot fail of producing highly
important results. The auspices are favorable, and the period is
not distant when these associations will become the foci for con-
centrating, and from whence will be disseminated, the horticul-
tural intelligence and products of every clime.

Notwithstanding gardening preceded, it was ultimately sur-
passed, by agriculture, for a long succession of ages, still, when
prosecuted with the lights of experience, the instructions of ma-

tured theory, and the advantages of various and multiplied ex-
amples, horticulture becomes the successful rival of her younger,
yet more favored sister, and finally usurps her entire domain ; for,
"that field is best cultivated, which assumes the appearance of
a wide extended garden." It was this learned and skilful til-
lage, which, in ancient times, maintained the dense population,
that crowded the classic shores of the Mediterranean, the fertile
islands of Crete, Cyprus and Rhodes, the emeralds which spangle
the ^Egean sea, and realized in Sicily the Hesperides of fabu-
lous poetry ; — and which, in our age, is so conspicuous in China,
Holland, portions of France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland,
and has rendered the rural economy of England, the model of
all countries.

When nations first emerge from a state of barbarism, the de-
mands for food and clothing offer the most powerful inducements
for agricultural industry, and the coarsest products satisfy the
general consumption ; but as manufactures and commerce begin
to divide the labors of an increasing and more intelligent
population, and the accumulated wealth of successful enterprise
creates a more refined taste, and furnishes the means of gratifi-
cation, the industrious cultivator of the soil is encouraged to in-
crease the variety, quantity, delicacy and value of his legumes,
esculent vegetables, fruits and flowers, until his rude fields are
converted into gardens. It is then that horticulture assumes a
station which commands, not only individual interest, but govern-
mental consideration, as one of the most important branches of
national industry, and is deemed worthy of the patronage of the
state. Such is its present elevated character, and while the
sovereigns, princes, and nobles of Europe are proud to enroll
their names among the members of those institutions, which
have been founded for the rational and patriotic purposes of mu-
tual instruction, and the diffusion of information on all the
branches of rural economy, we must profit by the experience of
other nations, and emulate the honorable examples they have pre-
sented, for perfecting the tillage of our native land.

8

The Co-operation of individuals, by the means of variously or-
ganized societies, for the accomplishment of objects of public
utility, and general, local or private interest, is a discovery of the
moderns, and has been one of the most efficient means of ac-
celerating the progress, and enlarging the bounds of knowledge.
They have explored the vast Herculaneum of antiquity for those
treasures of intellect, which once gave lustre to empires, and
traced the history of the inventions, discoveries and improve-
ments of all ages ; they have collected the facts of isolated re-
search and the valuable results of private experiment ; they have
brought to light the labors of unobtrusive genius, rendered local
information available to all, and concentrated the scattered intel-
ligence of nations, in every department of science and art.
With the facilities afforded by the wonderful art of printing, they
are substitutes for, or have superseded that long cherished de-
sideratum, a universal language ; for whatever is valuable, merits
attention, or is worthy of adoption, in the writings of the an-
cients, or the publications of existing nations, is speedily accli-
mated and rendered as familiar, as if it were of indigenous
growth. There is still another glorious advantage in these insti-
tutions, most honorable to the human race ; — in war as well as in
peace their names become the paroles of intercourse between the
republics of letters, of science and of arts, round the globe.

Having witnessed the happy effects of associations, for the
promotion of literature, natural history, physics, agriculture, the
mechanic, economical and fine arts, we may confidently antici-
pate, that the same salutary influence will be experienced, in the
operations of horticulture, by the harmonious labors of those
numerous societies, which have been founded for its encourage-
ment.

The literature, history, science, art and practice of gardening,
open a wide field for study, and inquiry, and present exhaustless
sources of pleasure, instruction and wealth. Blessed is the man
who participates in these enjoyments. They are not too humble
for the most exalted, or beyond the reach of honest and retiring

9

industry. It is a banquet of reason, at which wisdom and health
preside, and where the amphictyons of genius and taste revel, in
the unsatiating luxuries of nature and intellect.

The holy scriptures teach us, that the Almighty sanctioned
the peerless beauties and refined pleasures of a garden, by plant-
ing that of Eden, and consecrating it as a terrestrial paradise,
for the progenitors of the human race. The Elysian Fields
were the heaven of heathen mythology, and to each part of their
prototypes, on earth, was assigned a tutelary divinity. The
promised rewards, of the Mahomedan religion, are the perennial
felicities of celestial gardens.

The bards, scholars, and philosophers of the classic ages,
have transmitted descriptions of the picturesque plantations of
the ancients, from those in which Homer places the regal palace
of Alcinous and the rustic dwelling of Laertes, to the magnificent
villas of Pliny and Lucullus.

By numerous works of imagination and instruction, — which
have rendered their authors illustrious, and established epochs in
the grand cycle of events, since the revival of letters, — we are en-
abled to ascertain the actual state of cultivation, to perceive the
relative estimation in which it has been held, and to appreciate
the beneficial consequences of progressive ameliorations, from
the first humble efforts of the anchorites of St. Basil and St. Bene-
dict, to the splendid developments of individual enterprise and
public patronage, which characterize the period in which we
live.

The scientific relations of Horticulture are numerous, and re-
quire an extensive acquaintance with the various branches of
Natural History and Physics. Botany, Mineralogy, Hydraulics,
Chemistry, Architecture and Mechanics are called upon to fur-
nish their several contributions ; and it is the special province of
the artist, to render them subservient to his practical operations,
by a judicious application of each to its appropriate purpose.

In this pursuit, as in all others, practice has been too long
estranged from scientific theory. Each has had its professors
2

10

a.nd disciples, but without any reciprocation of benefits, or
scarcely the recognition of affinity. Science was cultivated as
an abstract mental embellishment, rather than to facilitate the
labors of the artist, while the arts have been practised, unaided
by the instructions of science. The latter was deemed too ethe-
rial and sacred, to pass even beyond the seclusions of philosophy,
save in a language which was unintelligible to the multitude ;
and the uninitiated operator accomplished his work, ignorant
that he was successfully performing an experiment, which
depended on established theoretical principles, as the scientific
was incapable, of illustrating the correctness of his theory, by
actual experiment. There was an ostentatious display of intelli-
gence without practical utility, while the useful, unaided by
intelligence, was but imperfectly practised. But more compre-
hensive and liberal views are now entertained, and it is the
enlightened policy of modern instruction, to effect a re-union of
science and art, of theory and practice. We behold philosophy
directing the labors of the work-shop, and practical mechanics
giving instruction in the halls of science. The happy conse-
quences of this moral revolution ; its exhilarating influence on
all the economical, as well as the ornamental arts, are apparent,
in the unparalleled prosperity of those nations, which have taken
the lead in the development of mind, the encouragement of
industry, and the prudential management of their natural re-
sources.

Chemistry has taught the manufacturer, the mode of ascertain-
ing the causes, which so often disappointed his hopes of success-
ful results, — has enabled him to rectify mistakes, without the loss
of materials, — to discover new resources, perfect his manipula-
tions, improve the quality of his products, and open other avenues
to wealth.

The mechanic is guided by a knowledge of physics ; — the
illustrations of science have enabled the machinist to triumph
over the inertia of matter, and to give it such an infinitely varied
combination of movements, that they appear the effects of

11

vitality and intelligence. Who can behold the mysterious move-
ments of the steam engine, without being forcibly impressed with
the idea, that it acts like a thing of life, — that it is some huge
monster, — a subdued Polyphemus, who, breathing vapor, and
smoke, and fire, labors, in agony and wrath, obedient to the will
of man. Located in the gorges of the mountains, it drains sub-
terranean rivers, from the profound caverns of the miner ; and
affixed to the fleets of commerce and of war, they are driven
triumphantly through adverse tides and storms, like roused
leviathans.

The unnatural alienation of the sciences and arts, which so
long retarded every other branch of national industry, had the
same deleterious effect on tillage, which was also doomed to en-
counter other difficulties, equally, if not more discouraging. It
was too generally considered as a degrading occupation, and was
scarcely ranked among the pursuits of the learned, and affluent,
until Lord Bacon and the erudite Evelyn deemed it worthy of
attention, and gave it the sanction of their illustrious names.

The first English treatise on rural economy was Fitzherbert's
" Book of Husbandry," which was published in 1 634. Tusser's
" Five Hundred Points of Husbandry " appeared about thirty
years after, and was followed by Barnaby Googe's " Whole Art
of Husbandry," and " The Jewel Houses " of Sir Hugh Platt.
Early in the eighteenth century, the celebrated treatise of Jethro
Tull excited much attention, and several new works of consider-
able consequence were announced before 1764, when the valu-
able publications of Arthur Young, Marshel, and of numerous
other authors, spread a knowledge of cultivation, and cherished
a taste for rural improvements throughout Great Britain, which
has rendered that kingdom as distinguished for its tillage, as for
its advancement in manufactures and commercial enterprise.
Agriculture has covered her barren heaths with luxuriant crops,
converted her pools and morasses into verdant meadows, and
clothed her bleak mountains with groves of forest trees, — while
horticulture is rapidly extending her beneficent and gladsome

12

influence, from the palace to the cottage, and adorning the pre-
cincts, or overspreading' the entire regions of her adventurous
precursor.

After the immortal Linnaeus published his " System of Nature,"
Botany became a popular science, and its numerous votaries pro-
duced a variety of interesting elementary works, which, with
those of Miller, Wheatly, Abercrombie, Repton, Price, Mad-
dock, Panty, Sang, Loudon, and Knight, — the British Columella,
— rapidly diffused intelligence among all classes of society. A
passion for experiment and ornamental planting was thus induced,
which give sufficient promise, that what had been figuratively
expressed, might be, ultimately, realized, and the whole island
become, in truth, a " Garden."

Architecture claims a conspicuous rank among the arts which
are subservient to rural economy ; but in the United States it
cannot be expected, that individuals should indulge, that natural
propensity of man, for magnificent edifices ; still their establish-
ments may assume the beauties of a refined taste, and be made
to harmonize more perfectly with the purposes of their appropri-
ation, and the scenery in which they are embowered, without
enhancing the cost of construction. The error has not been
merely that of negligence in the plan, indifference as to location,
and a disregard of all the characteristics of the various orders of
architecture ; but in the heedless selection of materials, an osten-
tatious extravagance in the size, and a wasteful exuberance of
fancied embellishments.

There being no law of primogeniture in the American Repub-
lics, estates are continually subdivided, until each portion is so
reduced, as not to exceed the means of general occupancy :
whatever sums, therefore, are lavished on a country residence,
beyond the conveniences and comforts usually required by the
great mass of the freeholders, are lost to the heirs, and often prove
ruinous to the aspiring projector.

We admire what has been done in other countries, and pos-
sessing means ample as the actual proprietor of the stately edi-

13

fice, rashly imitate the pleasing example, without reflecting-, that
what we behold, has been the work of successive heirs, during the
lapse of ages, and will descend with increasing grandeur to count-
less generations.

If stone be substituted for wood, utility and neatness, for ex-
tent and fantastic ornaments, and less be expended on the struc-
tures and more in improving the grounds, each farm would be
rendered intrinsically more valuable, and the whole country would
assume that flourishing, picturesque, and delightful aspect, which
so emphatically bespeaks the prosperity, intelligence, and happi-
ness of a people.

The natural divisions of Horticulture are the Kitchen Garden,
Seminary, Nursery, Fruit Trees and Vines, Flowers and Green
Houses, the Botanical and Medical garden, and Landscape, or
Picturesque Gardening.

Each of these departments require to be separately considered
and thoroughly understood, in all its ramifications, before it can
be ably managed, or all so happily arranged, as to combine utility
and comfort, with ornament and recreation. To accomplish this,
on a large scale, and in the best manner, artists and scientific
professors are employed in Europe, and are much required in
this country. Hitherto their services have been generally sup-
plied by the owners of the soil, who, as amateurs, have devised
and executed plans of improvement, which do honor to their
taste and skill, and encourage the hope, that these laudable ex-
amples of successful cultivation, will have a salutary influence
throughout the Union.

The Kitchen Garden is an indispensable appendage to every
rural establishment, from the stately mansion of the wealthy, to
the log -hut, of the adventurous pioneer, on the borders of the
wilderness. In its rudest and most simple form, it is the nucleus,
and miniature sample of all others, having small compartments
of the products of each, which are gradually extended, until the
whole estate combines those infinitely various characteristics, and
assumes that imposing aspect, which constitutes what is graphi-
cally called the picturesque.

14

The details of each grand division of Horticulture, cannot
be embraced within the range of such general remarks, as pro-
priety seems to prescribe for an occasion like the present. They
are to be sought in the works of the learned, and rendered
familiar, by precedent and progressive experiments. The field
is ample, and requires an untiring perseverance, to gather in the
rich harvest of instruction, and render it practically available.
That this may be achieved in the most economical, speedy,
effectual and satisfactory manner, Horticultural Associations have
been deemed indispensable. They excite the public interest,
foster a taste for the useful and ornamental branches of culture,
and stimulate individual exertion ; by the distribution of enter-
taining and instructive publications, — by a correspondence be-
tween the officers and among the members of like institutions, —
by the establishment of libraries, — by premiums for rare, valu-
able, beautiful, early, or superior products, — important discover-
ies, estimable inventions, excellence of tillage, and meritorious
communications, — by periodical meetings, for the interchange of
opinions and mutual instruction, — by public exhibitions, — and by
collecting and disseminating seeds, plants, models of implements,
and information on all subjects, connected with the theory and
practice of gardening.

Numerous esculent vegetables, delicious fruits, superb flowers,
ornamental shrubs and trees, cereal, vulnerary, and medicinal
plants, and others subservient to the arts, manufactures, and pub-
lic economy, both exotic and indigenous, are either unknown to
us, or but partially cultivated. Several varieties, which have been
obtained from the equatorial regions, and confined to the shelter
and warmth of green houses, stoves and conservatories, have
been found to bear the severities of a boreal winter, even when
first exposed, or have been gradually acclimated ; and many are
annually detected in every quarter of the globe, which deserv-
edly merit naturalization ; and still what numbers are " born to
blush unseen and waste their fragrance on the desert air."

Most of our common fruits, flowers and oleraceous vegetables

15

were collected by the Greeks and Romans from Egypt, Asia, and
other distant climes, and successively extending over Western
Europe, finally reached this country. But so gradual was their
progress, " it was not till the reign of Henry VIII, that any
salads, carrots, turnips, cabbages, or other edible roots were pro-
duced in England. The little of these vegetables that was used,
was imported from Holland." Fuller observes, that " Gardening
was first brought into England, for profit, about the commence-
ment of the seventeenth century, before which we fetched most
of our cherries, from Holland, apples from France, and hardly
had a mess of rath-ripe peas, but from Holland, which were
dainties for ladies, they came so far, and cost so dear."

Peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, pears, cherries, straw-
berries, melons and grapes were luxuries, but little enjoyed^be-
fore the time of Charles II, who introduced French gardening
at Hampton Court, Carlton, and Marlborough, and built the first
hot and ice houses.

At this period Evelyn, the great apostle of planting, translated
" The complete Gardener," and a treatise on orange trees by
Quintinyne, a French author of great merit ; and having devoted
the remainder of his life to the cultivation of his rural seat at
Sayes Court, near Deptford, and in the publication of his Sylva,
Kalendarium Hortense, Terra, Pomona and Acetaria, he " first
taught gardening to speak proper English."

The Horticulture of France had hitherto been considerably in
advance of that of Great Britain ; it was soon, however, destined
to be surpassed by her powerful rival, in the contest for national
grandeur ; but these kingdoms are again approximating towards
an equality, in the progress of tillage.

In the literature and science of gardening, France has pro-
duced numerous authors of celebrity, and several whose works
have not been superseded by those of any other country. The
publications of Du Hamel, Thouin, Buffon, Gerardin, D'Argen-
ville, Rosier, Du Petit Thours, and the two Jussieus are agro-
nomic text-books of the highest repute.

16

The nursery of the fathers of the Chartreaux, established by
Louis XIV, near the Luxembourg, long supplied a great part
of Europe with fruit trees. The Jardin des Plants, in Paris,
" includes departments which may be considered as schools for
horticulture, planting, agriculture, medical botany and general
economy ; " and there can be no question, says Loudon, of its
being the most scientific and best kept in Europe.

The flower garden of Malmaison, the botanical garden of
Trianon, and numerous nursery, herb, medicinal, experimental,
and botanic gardens, in various parts of the kingdom, are pre-
eminent for the variety, number, and excellence of their products,
and for the perfection of their cultivation.

Holland has been distinguished, since the period of the Cru-
sades, for her flower gardens, culinary vegetables, and planta-
tions of fruit trees. The north of Europe and this country, are
still dependent upon her florists, for the most splendid varieties
of the bulbous rooted plants, and her celebrated nurseries,
which long replenished those of England, have been recently en-
riched by the acquisitions of Van Mons and Duquesne. Several
of the new kinds of fruits produced by those indefatigable expe-
rimentalists, already ornament our gardens, and with the excel-
lent varieties created by Knight, promise to replace those, which
have either become extinct, or are so deteriorated in quality, as
to discourage their farther cultivation.

This method of hybridous fructification is founded on Linnaeus'
Sexual System of Plants, but the venerable President, of the
London Horticultural Society, is entitled to the merit, of having
first practically availed of a suggestion, which emanated from
the beautiful theory of the northern Pliny. On the African
coast of the Mediterranean, a custom, based on the same princi-
ples, has prevailed, from the earliest ages, in the cultivation of
the Date — that " Tree of Life" to the natives of those sultry
regions. The stamens and pistils of that species of Palm are
produced on different trees, and those which afford the former
being relatively quite low, it is necessary to cut off the blossoms

17

and place them, by means of ladders, over those of the female
trees, which are very lofty. If this is not done the pollen does
not reach the stigmas, and there is no fruit. This practice,
however, does not derogate from the honor due to the scientific
Knight, to whom we are unquestionably indebted for that valu-
able discovery, by which new varieties of every species of fruit
and flower may be infinitely multiplied.

Having been so long dependent upon our transatlantic colabo-
rators, it now becomes a duty, to attempt a reciprocation of the
numerous benefits we have received ; and by emulating their
zeal, intelligence, and experimental industry, we must develope
the resources of our own country, which offers such an extensive,
interesting, and prolific field of research to the adventurous
naturalist. Many of the most useful and magnificent acquisi-
tions of the groves, fields, gardens, and conservatories of Europe,
are natives of the Western hemisphere. The indigenous forest-
trees, ornamental shrubs, flowers, fruits, and edible vegetables of
North America are remarkable for their variety, size, splendor,
and value. Extending from the Polar regions to those of the
tropics, and from the shores of the Atlantic to the waves of the
Pacific, this mighty section of the continent, embraces every
clime and every variety of soil, teeming with innumerable speci-
mens of the vegetable kingdom, in all the luxuriance of their
primeval and unexplored domains.

Catesby, Pursh, Michaux, Mulenburg, Bigelow, Nuttall, Eliot,
Torrey, Golden, Bartram, Barton, Hosack, Mitchell, Darlington,
Ives, Dewey, Hitchcock, and Short, have rendered themselves
illustrious, as disciples of Botany, by traversing our immense
forests, mountains, and prairies, and exploring the borders of our
mighty rivers and lakes in quest of additions to the Flora of the
United States.

Peters, Hosack, Lowell, Perkins, McMahon, Cox, Dean,
Thacher, Adlum, Powel, and Buel, have, by precept and ex-
ample, assiduously fostered a taste for cultivation, and success-
fully promoted developments, in all the various branches of
3

18

rural economy. As pioneers in the science and art of Agricul-
ture or gardening, their services have been invaluable; and
while most of them still live to behold the rapid and extensive
progress of their cherished pursuits, the important results of
their experiments, and the gladdening influence of their beneficent
labors, their names will be ever held in grateful remembrance, as
distinguished benefactors of their country.

Enlightened by their instructions, and roused by their manly
enthusiasm, let us zealously imitate their commendable efforts,
and endeavor to render our institution, as beneficial, in its prac-
tical operations, as it is cheering, in theoretical promise.

FIRST

ANNIVERSARY FESTIVAL

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THE first Anniversary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society
was held on Saturday the 19th Sept. at the Exchange Coffee House,
under the most promising auspices, and in a manner truly gratifying
to its friends. The dining hall was very tastefully ornamented with
festoons of flowers suspended from the chandeliers ; and the tables
were loaded with orange trees in fruit and flower ; (from Mr LOW-
ELL'S green house ;) a large variety of Mexican Georginas of uncom-
mon si/e and beauty ; (from Mr PRATT and others ;) a splendid collection
of roses and other choice flowers ; (from Mr ASPINWALL of Brookline ;)
a fine specimen of the India rubber tree, (from Mr BELKNAP of this
city,) interspersed with large boquets of beautiful flowers, and
numerous baskets of grapes, peaches, pears, melons, apples, &c, &c.
The arrangement of the decorations was made by Mrs Z. COOK, Jr.
and Misses DOWNER, HAVEN, TUTTLE, and COOK, of Dorchester,
assisted by Mr HAGGERSTON of Charlestown, and Messrs SENIOR and
ADAMSON of Roxbury.

The address before the Society and others, was delivered in the
picture gallery of the Atheneum, at three o'clock, by the President,
Gen. DEARBORN. He gave an interesting and comprehensive view
of the origin and progress of Horticulture ; its various branches ; its
effects in multiplying and enriching the fruits of the earth; and
alluded to the promoters and benefactors of the art ; to the formation
and beneficial labors of Horticultural Societies; and to their prospects
of increasing usefulness.

Among the fruits presented were two baskets of uncommonly fine
grapes and pears from WM. DEAN of Salem ; a basket of superior
peaches and grapes from S. G. PERKINS of Brookline. Fine fruits,
(including a single bunch of grapes weighing three pounds,) from Mr

20

LOWELL ; a basket of fine sweet water grapes and peaches from Mr
FOSDICK of Charlestown ; s«veral baskets of white Muscadine grapes,
intermixed with the Bartlett pear and Malaga grape from Z. COOK, Jr.
of Dorchester ; superior black grapes from E. BREED of Charles-
town ; fine grapes, peaches, and nectarines from Mrs T. H. PERKINS
of Brookline ; a basket of beautiful nectarines from E. SHARP of
Dorchester; a basket of peaches and nectarines from JOHN
BREED of Chelsea ; a basket of choice apples and pears from J.
PRINCE of Roxbury ; two large baskets, comprising six varieties of
superior melons from T. BREWER of Roxbury ; Bartlett pears, with
peaches and nectarines from ENOCH BARTLETT of Roxbury ; a basket
of beautiful Semiana plums from JOHN DERBY of Salem ; a basket of
Black Hamburg and Black Cape grapes, large peaches, and 100
kinds of ornamental plants from WINSHIP'S Nursery at Brighton ;
a box of choice apples and pears fromGoRHAM PARSONS of Brighton;
a box of fine fruits from Rev. G. B. PERRY of Bradford ; several
varieties of fine pears, currant wine, six years old, and raspberry
wine, from S. DOWNER of Dorchester ; a basket of fine large French
pears from JOHN HEARD, Jr. of Watertown ; three baskets of Fulton
pears, and a fine native autumnal apple from JOHN ABBOTT of Bruns-
wick, Me. ; fine bunches of Black Hamburg grapes from RICHARD
SULLIVAN of Brookline ; various fruits from A. D. WILLIAMS of
Roxbury ; a basket of fine Black Hamburg and Black Cape grapes
from D. HAGGERSTON'S Charlestown Vineyard ; a large basket of
melons from H. A. BREED of Lynn ; Isabella and other grapes from
N. SEAVER of Roxbury ; several large specimens of the fruit of the
egg plant from N. DAVENPORT of Milton ; a box of fine Persian
melons from C. OAKLEY of New York ; a basket of large peaches
from J. HASTINGS of Cambridge ; a basket of rare peaches from R.
MANNING of Salem; a basket of the new Fulton pear from T.
GREENLEAF of Quincy ; a basket of various fruits from General
DEARBORN of Roxbury, and a specimen of Isabella wine, three years
old, from WM. PRINCE of Long Island; a basket of Gushing pears
from BENJ. THOMAS, of Hingham, a delicious fruit, first brought into
notice by the exertions of the Society.

The plants were furnished by Mr LOWELL, Mr PRATT, by the
Botanic Garden at Cambridge, by Mr ASPINWALL of Brookline, Mr
LEATHE of Cambridge, Mr LEMIST of Roxbury, Mr HAGGERSTON
of Charlestown, Mr PRINCE of Jamaica Plains, Mr BREED of Lynn,
Messrs WINSHIPS of Brighton, and many other gentlemen in this
vicinity. Mr PRATT'S splendid collection of Mexican Georginas was
unrivalled. The show of fruits and flowers, generally, was probably
never surpassed in New England. It would be unpleasant to make
any invidious comparisons where all exhibited such satisfactory speci-
mens ; but in the opinion of many, the grapes of Mr COOK and Mr
FOSDICK, raised in the open air, and the green house grapes of
Messrs DEAN, PERKINS, and SULLIVAN, deserved particular com-
mendation.

A large box of very fine peaches, nectarines and pears, sent by
Mr WILSON of New York, were received too late for the dinner, in
consequence of the detention of the steam boat.

21

The Hall of the Exchange was literally crowded with visitors, from
twelve to two. It was much regretted by the Committee of Arrange-
ments that a larger Hall had not been engaged for the occasion.

At four o'clock, the Society, with their friends and invited guests, to
the number of nearly 100, set down to a sumptuous dinner, prepared
by Messrs Johnson & Castlehouse, when the following sentiments
were drunk.

REGULAR TOASTS.

1. Horticulture — That rational and noble art, which regales and
delights nearly all the senses ; which nourishes a generous gratitude
to the author of all blessings ; and enables man to create a new Eden
in recompense of that which his first ancestor forfeited.

2. Human Skill and Enlightened Cultivation — They have changed
the Crab to the Newton Pippin — the austere Mazzard to the Tarta-
rean and Bigarreau — the Hog peach to the Noblesse and Vanguard.

3. That art which makes all climates one — which mocks at local
distinctions, and makes the tropics tributary to the comforts and
luxuries of Hyperborean regions — which gives even to Russia the
Pine Apple and the Mangostein.

4. Our Native Fruits — May they be sought out with care and
judicious skill — one Stckle will be a reward for ten years research.
Nature is our best preceptress, and where she points we may safely
follow.

5. May our cultivators be distinguished rather by their deeds than
their icords. Select cautiously, but cultivate liberally. A good fruit
will reward labor.

6. Let us encourage a taste for Flowers. God gave them to us for
our delight, and it is an omen of a cultivated age to encourage them.
They are the best apparel of the best part of human nature.

7. The Curator of the Cambridge Garden, Thomas Nuttall— modest
and unpretending — few men have done more for American Botany
than he.

8. Agriculture and Horticulture — Allied Divinities, who cause the
Desert to teem with abundance, and the " Wilderness to blossom like
the Rose."

9. Gardening — In all its degrees and diversities, from the plat of
culinary vegetables, which embosoms the cottage of economy, to the
paradise of sweets which embowers the mansion of opulence.

10. The Fair Sex and Floriculture —

While many a Fair, in youth and beauty's sheen,
Presides the Flora of the Sylvan scene,
Full many a flower shall boast its cultivator,
Herself the fairest, finest flower in nature.

11. Historical Facts— GOD made the first Garden — Cain built the
first City.

12. The Feast of Reason — Gop made a world of good things — and
it is man's duty, as well as his privilege, to make the most of them.

13. The Empire of Man — May it be enlarged by fresh acquisitions
from the vegetable kingdom. Every cultivated plant was once wild
— may every wild plant, capable of being rendered useful, be culti-

22

vated, till not a fruit or a flower shall dissipate its fragrance, nor " waste
its sweetness on the desert air."

VOLUNTEERS.

By the President, Hon. H. A. S. Dearborn. Intelligence and
Industry — the only conservators of the Republic.

By the Hon. Thomas L. Winthrop. The Massachusetts Horticul-
tural Society — the intelligence and zeal manifested in its infancy are
sure presages of its future usefulness and prosperity.

By the Hon. Harrison Gray Otis, Mayor of the City. The standard
principles which our fathers planted in the old garden of Massachu-
setts— may the taste and fashion, introduced from the old world, come
free from the canker worm and rot.

From several gentlemen invited and expected, letters were received,
expressing their respect and interest in regard to the Society, but
declining to accept the invitation to attend on this occasion. Among
these were Mr LINCOLN, Governor of Massachusetts, J. Q,. ADAMS,
Ex-President of the United States, JOSEPH STORY, Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States, JOHN LOWELL, Esq., Sir ISAAC
COFFIN, Commodore MORRIS, JOSIAH QUINCY, President of Harvard
University, BENJAMIN GORHAM, M. D. and Gen. WADSWORTH, of
New York. Judge STORY sent the following sentiment :

The Massachusetts Horticultural Society, whose excellence is
proved by the best of maxims ; " by their fruits ye shall know them."

Mr LOWELL transmitted the following :

The Horticultural Society of Massachusetts — I give it welcome, as
the proper means, the best means, the only means of concentrating the
individual skill of our excellent and intelligent cultivators — may its
success equal my hopes, it cannot exceed them.

Sent by JACOB LORRILLARD, Esq. President of the New York
Horticultural Society:

Massachusetts — A trunk whose distinguished branches produce good
fruits in every state of the Union.

Transmitted by WM. PRINCE, Esq. Vice President of the New
York Horticultural Society, and a generous patron of the Massachu-
setts Horticultural Society : —

The State of Massachusetts — First in achieving the independence of
our country, and foremost in developing the independence of her soil.

Transmitted by WM. ROBERT PRINCE, Esq. of the New York
Horticultural Society.

The spirit of Horticulture — Which strews our paths with the sweets
of Flora, and loads our tables with the offerings of Pomona.

By Dr. Bigelow, Corresponding Secretary of the Society. In allusion
to a sentiment expressed by the President in his Address.

That department of the Horticulturist, in which all citizens are
interested, the Seminan/.

By Mr Emmons, Recording Secretary. Horticulture — The first
employment of man : may every day's experience convince him that
it is the best.

By the Hon. Daniel Webster, a member of the Society, accompanied
by some pertinent introductory remarks upon the high professional

23

character and useful life of Mr Lowell. The Hon. JOHN LOWELL —
The uniform friend of all sorts of rural economy.

By Rev. F. W. P. Greenwood. The cultivation of the earth, the mind
and the heart — May they advance among us rapidly and simultaneously,
till our whole country blooms like Eden.

By John C. Gray. Esq. 3d Vice President. The art of Horticulture,
which furnishes us with delicious but wholesome luxuries, and with
cheap but splendid ornaments ; may it never want encouragement in
a Republican and economical country.

By Enoch Bartlett, Esq. 3d Vice President. Agriculture, Horti-
culture, and all other culture which ameliorates the condition of man.

By a generous Patron of the Society. The United States — may
their portion of the earth never be " subdued," but by the musket
turned into the ploughshare, and the sword into the pruning hook.

By H. J. Finn. The Heraldry of English Horticulture. Great
Britain may be proud of her privilege to confer titles of nobility, but
nature bestowed a higher honor on its peerage, when she created a
KNIGHT.

By Thomas Green Fessenden, Esq. Editor of the New England
Farmer. The greatest good of the greatest number. The whole world
a garden, hands enough to cultivate it, and mouths enough to consume
its productions.

By a Guest. The rising generation ; may these tivigs be so trained
as to need but little trimming, become valuable standards, produce
fruits worthy & premium, and receive prizes at the great final exhibi-
tion.

By a Guest. THOMAS A. KNIGHT, Esq., President of the London
Horticulturalx.Society; the Genius and Philanthropist in the science of
Horticulture.

By Hon. Oliver Fisk of Worcester. Horticulture, the best substitute
to our progenitors for their loss of Paradise, and the best solace to
their posterity for the miseries they entailed.

By George Kent, Esq. of JV*. H. The fruits and flowers this day
exhibited. A splendid exemplification of the industry and enterprise
of the intelligent founders of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society.
"If such things are done in the green tree, what will be done in the

dry"

By a Guest. Horticulture — The first occupation instituted for man :
to him was given " every herb, and every tree upon the face of the
earth."

By John Prince, Esq. of Salem. The wedding we this day celebrate,
the union of heart y culture and horticulture. May the pair be ever held
as choice as the apple of our eye.

By the Editor of the Boston Courier. Hon. DANIEL WEBSTER —
Men are the growth our frozen realms supply,
And souls are ripened in our northern sky.

By D. L. Child, Esq. Editor of the Massachusetts Journal. The
Ladies — They are like " the lilies of the field, which toil not, neither
spin ; and yet Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed as one of these."
No wonder then, that we have such a profuse display of coxcombs and
marigolds.

24

By the same. The farmers of Massachusetts ; success to their efforts
to extirpate the worst enemy of their mowing lands, the Can-a-day
thistle.

By J. Thornton Mams, Esq. Editor of the Centind. Agriculture
and Horticulture. Fields of action and ambition as extensive as the
soil of our country.

By Nathan Hale, Esq. Editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser. Hor-
ticulture— the Art by which nature is taught to improve her own
production.

By Mr Wihon of the Neiv York Horticultural Society. The State of
Massachusetts — the love of liberty is an indigenous production of her
soil. Her sons led the van in cleaning it from the deleterious brush
of tyrannical oppression. May equal success attend their labors in the
more pleasant and delightful departments of a milder species of
Horticulture.

By T. Brewer, Esq. of Roxbury. Hon. JOHN LOWELL — The Ma-
csenas of New England Horticulture. Himself a Patron, and his
premises a Pattern of correct and scientific cultivation.

By Benj. F. French, Esq. of the Committee of Arrangements. The
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, — promising in its infancy, — may
its fruits, like those of olden time, require two to carry a bunch of
grapes upon a staff.

After the President had retired, ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr. Esq. 1st Vice
President, gave —

H. A. S. DEARBORN, President of the Society— Under his auspices
it is more honorable to gather garlands in the garden of the cultivator,
than to win laurels in the field of the conqueror.

By Santuel Doioner, Esq. of Dorchester. Our native fruits — may
they continue to advance, developing their excellent qualities, until,
like their native soil, they become the admiration of other climes and
the pride of our own.

By a Guest. The Queen of flowers, the LILT — which (as is had on
the best authority) eclipsed the glory of Solomon in his imperial pur-
ple— " for he was not arrayed like one of these."

By a Guest. Horticulture — the science which teaches man to
increase by diminishing ; a profitable barter of quantity for quality.

By Mr J. B. Russell, Publisher of the Neic England Farmer. The
Long Island PRINCE of Horticulture — Entitled by his science, zeal and
activity to the coronet of Flora, a badge of distinction more honorable
than the crown of the conqueror: in him we are favored with an
excellent exception to the ancient adage, " Put no trust in Princes"

Sent by Mr Grant Thorburn ofNeio York. The city of Boston — its
splendid churches, its public spirited citizens, and its magnificent villas.

By Mr E. W. Metcalf. The cultivation of the earth, and the "Art of
Printing ; the sources of animal life, and of mental improvement.

By Mr Jeremiah Fitch. Our country's independence : the best fruit
its soil ever produced.

By Mr Rebello, Charge d1 Jlffairs from Brazil. Mutual transplanta-
tions between North and South America— the happiness of mankind is

based on the liberal exchange of respective natural products.

By Dr Thacher, of Plymouth. American Farmers — who increase
the capabilities of the soil, gather the honey, and shear ihejlcece, and
reap the harvest for themselves and not for another.

25

By the same. Mrs MART GRIFFITH, the scientific Apiarian of New
Brunswick.

By Capt. Nicholson, of U. S. Navy. Agriculture, Horticulture and
Commerce — the graces of civilization.

The following Song, written jor the occasion by Mr FINN, of tht
Tremont Theatre, was sung by him :

" Let one great day,

To celebrated sports and floral play

Be set aside." — PRIOR.
This is our Rome, and I
A Flamen Pomonalis ;
I' 11 prove in Men's pursuits,
Some HORTICULTURAL is ;
But while the glass goes round,
Let not a sucker stray, Sirs ;
Transported by the vine,
'Twould be our Botany bay, Sirs.
The Fmits of Horticulture,
You '11 find in every shape, Sirs,
Our sailors stem the Currant,
In battle,/orce the Grape, Sirs.
King George, in olden Thyme,
Could not with .Srpear-inint loyal,
Compel our soldiers Sage,
To pay the Penny-Royal.
A lawyer in his books,
Discovers foliation,
And often makes his bread
By a Jioiver-y oration ;
The Sportsman likes the Turf
To train his cattle jadish,
If he buys a reddish horse,
He 's sure to like Horse-radish.
Fairest of Eden's flowers
Was Woman, ere farewell, Sirs,
She bade to Eden's fruit,
The fatal Nonpareil, Sirs.
Here's WOMAN ! from the time
Creation's pencil drew lips,
And the breathings of the Rose,
That lives upon her two-lips.
And when at Gretna greens
Young ladies wish a frolic,
If Pa says " Can't-elope,"
Why they'feel JtfeZon-cholic ;
Good wives the Nursery love,
Their tender plants to feed, Sirs,
And widows wish, sub-rosa,
To throw aside their weeds, Sirs.
4

26

The Gambler, on a spade

His all on earth will stake, Sirs ;

The Drunkard is a sieve,

The Libertine 's a rake, Sirs ;

May he who — like a blight —

The Maiden's peace has broke, Sirs,

A hanging-Garden see,

And feel the Art-to-choke, Sirs.

The pretty Gentleman,

So lady-like and lazy,

Who goes to Mari-gold,

And lisps out " lauk a daisey"

Of Navarino stock —

A nice corsetted scion,

Among the Garden stuff,

He 's dubb'd a Dande-lion.

The Spendthrift ends with slugs,

And " Verbum sat " 's a hint, Sirs —

The Miser is a Snail,

That starves upon the Mint, Sirs :

You may Old bachelors

In JSWer-berries nab, Sirs,

Old maids they say are Medlars

Grafted on the Crab, Sirs.

We '11 toast the kitchen garden,

The Dishes all and each, Sirs,

It would our taste im-pair,

Their goodness to im-peach, Sirs ;

And may we never want

The means such limbs to lop, Sirs,

And always have good grounds,

To gather a full Crop, Sirs,

My lines I must re-trench,

They better things impede, Sirs,

And as my song 's sow, sow,

Perhaps you may see seed, Sirs ;

I 'm certain, with your Leaves,

If doggrels thus should trick us

Out of our good wine, —

Each would be Hortus siccua.

Then may Life's evening sun,

In setting be serene, Sirs ;

Time well employ'd — in Age

Will make us evergreen, Sirs :

And when the pruning-knife —

From feather, or from Cot-bed —

Transplants us to the soil,

May we escape a HOT-BED.

27

NAMES OP MEMBERS

ADMITTED SINCE THE PUBLICATION OP THE CONSTITUTION AND BY-
LAWS OP THE SOCIETY, AUGUST, 1829.

DANIEL WEBSTER, Boston.

JOHN B. DAVIS,

JEREMIAH FITCH, «

EBENEZER ROLLINS "

E. P. HARTSHORN, «

CALVIN WHITING, «

JAMES READ, "

NATHANIEL BALCH, "

BENJAMIN GIBBS, "

AARON D. WILD, JR., «

JOHN DERBY, Salem.

SAMUEL WALKER, Rotbury.

JOHN PARKINSON, «

JOHN HEATH, «

EBENEZER CRAFTS, "

RICHARD WARD, «

EDMUND M'CARTHY, Brighton.

NATH'L RICHARDSON, M. D. South Reading.

FERDINAND ANDREWS, Lancaster.

JOSEPH WILLARD,

JOHN SPRINGER, Sterling.

JOSEPH W. NEWELL, Maiden.

ISAAC MEAD, Charlestoion.

WILLIAM KURD, «

AMOS ATKINSON, Brookline.

WILLIAM P. ENDICOTT, Danvers.

EDWARD M. RICHARDS, Dedham.

LEONARD STONE, Watertown.

WILLIAM COTTING, West Cambridge.

NATHAN WEBSTER, Haverhill.

J. B. FRANCIS, Warwick, R. I.

STEPHEN H. SMITH, Providence, R. 1.

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

ABRAHAM HALSEY, ESQ. of New York, Corresponding Secretary

of the New York Horticultural Society.
GEORGE C. THORBURN, Esq. New York.

The name of BENJAMIN ABBOTT, LL. D. Principal of PHIL-
LIPS' EXETER ACADEMY, (admitted an Honorary Member of the
Society, at a special meeting held on the 27th of June last) was acci-
dentally omitted in the publication of the Constitution and By-Laws.

28

TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY.

THE following papers have been read before the Society,' at
different meetings, and have been published in the New England
Farmer, as mentioned below : —

1. " On engrafting the European Sweet Water Grape on American

Stocks." By JOHN PRINCE, Esq. and Gen. W. R. ARMISTEAD.
New England Farmer, vol. vii. page 329.

2. "On the Cultivation of Squashes and Melons, and the Extirpation
of Insects from Vines." By J. M. GOURGAS, Esq. Weston.
Ibid. vol. vii. page 345.

3. " Schedule of Fruit Trees, of fifty two choice varieties, presented

to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, by the Proprietors of
the Linnsean Garden, near New York, April, 1829. By WILLIAM
PRINCE ; with Descriptive Remarks." Ibid. vol. vii. page 385,
and vol. viii. page 18.

4. " Description of the Capiaumont Pear, with a Drawing." By S.
DOWNER. Ibid. vol. vii. page 409.

5. " On the Culture of the Strawberry." By the Hon. H. A. S.

DEARBORN, (President.) Ibid. vol. viii. page 9, 22.

6. " On the Treatment of Bees ; and Observations on the Curculio."
By MART GRIFFITH, Neiv Jersey. Ibid. vol. viii. page 17.

7. " Description of a Native Seedling Pear, in Dorchester, with a

Drawing." By S. DOWNER. Ibid. vol. viii. page 51.

8. " On the Culture of the Sweet Potato, and Description of differ-

ent varieties." By Hon. JOHN LOWELL. Ibid. vol. viii. page G5.

9. " Description of the Gushing Pear, with a Drawing." By S.

DOWNER, and B. THOMAS, Esq'rs. Ibid. vol. viii. page 113.

10. " On Budding or Inoculating Fruit Trees." By LEVI BARTLETT
t Warner, JV*. H. Ibid. vol. viii, page 114.

11. " Notes and Observations on the Vine." By WM. KENRICK.

Rid. vol. viii. page 129.

In addition to the above, the New England Farmer contains
a weekly Report and description of the new Fruits left at the
Society's Hall, No. 52, North Market street, for examination.

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