im'm ■■l':\ mm 11 ill H«i('i4 Hiisia:; ||i;g:fM-SS!l lis ill IISBS iiSi iRt; l« fi-il ii iiiiii il«. ¥84; Si: "^W f. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS HotttJon: FETTER LANE, E.G. C. F. CLAY, Manager ePTjmfmrgf): loo, PRINCES STREET loixtion: WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 28, ESSEX STREET, STRAND Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO. Unpjtfl: F. A. BROCKHAUS l^m ^ork : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS HJombajj nntj ralriittn: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. All I'ights reserved FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS VOL. 11. PART II. NEUROPTERA R. C. L. Perkins. Price Thirteen Shillings. To Subscribers Six Shillings and Sixpence. The Fauna Hawaiiensis is being published in parts at irregular inter- vals, and will it is hoped be completed in about two years. Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz. F. E. Beddard, F.R.S Prof. AUGUSTE FOREL Dr L. O. Howard and W. H. Ashmead G. W. KiRKALDY, F.E.S. Sir John Lubbock, F.R.S. E. Meyrick, F.Z.S. R. C L. Perkins, B.A. R. I. POCOCK D. Sharp, F.R.S. ... A. E. Shipley, M.A. M. EuG. Simon E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S. The Lord Walsingham, F.R.S. Mynheer F. M. van der Wulp Earthworms. Formicidae. Hymejioptera Parasitica. Hemiptera. Thysantira and Collembola. Macrolepidoptera. {Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera, \ Neuroptera, and part of Coleoptera. Myriapoda. Part of Coleoptera, Parasitic Worms. Arachnida. Mollusca. Microlepidoptera. Diptera. It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution, in the Islands. N.B. The parts of Volumes I. and II. are being published concurrently in order to expedite the completion of the work. The price of each part will vary according to its extent and the number of Plates. Subscribers to the whole work will be charged half-price for each part. The parts will be sent, as published, to each subscriber who has paid for the preceding part. Those who wish to be subscribers, should send name and address either directly to C. J. Clay & Sons, Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane, London, E.C., or through any bookseller. Payments for each part should also be made to Messrs C. J. Clay & Sons. NEUROPTERA By R. C. L. PERKINS, B.A. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS OR THE ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee appointed by THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU. EDITED BY DAVID SHARP, M.B.. MA., F.R.S. SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE. VOLUME II. PART II. NEUROPTERA By R. C. L. PERKINS, B.A. Pages 31 — 89; Plates III, IV, V, uncoloured. CAMBRIDGE: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1899 \All Rights reserved^ September 25, 1899. aottUon: C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE. ©lassoto: 263, ARGYLE STREET. Ectpjtg: F. A. BROCKHAUS. i^jfaj Iforfe: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. ©owbag: E. SEYMOUR HALE. NEUROPTERA. By R. C. L. Perkins. § !• General considerations on the Neuroptera. The Neuroptera are rather numerously represented in the islands, but the fauna as represented by this group is of the same fragmentary character, as is seen in the other Orders of insects, some of the extensive divisions of Neuroptera being totally unrepresented. At present the total number of species known to us amounts to in, of which 54 or nearly one-half belong to the Hemerobiidae (including herein Chrysopides and Myrmeleonides), 29 to the Odonata or dragon-flies, and 25 to the Psocidae. The remaining three species belong to two other divisions and consist of two Termitidae, and a solitary species of Embiidae. The divisions Ephemeridae and Trichoptera (or Phryganeidae), and the smaller groups Perlidae, Sialidae and Panorpidae are absolutely unrepresented. The entire absence of the first four of these divisions is a very remarkable fact, as they are aquatic in habits, and the numerous mountain streams and rivers would appear to be admirably adapted for many species ; so that one must conclude that these water-frequenting insects are ill-adapted for passing over wide expanses of ocean. The Hemerobiidae, excluding the Myrmeleonides, have 52 species which belong to 6 genera. Not one of these species is known to occur in other countries, but two of the genera, which are represented by single species, have no alliance with the other forms, and when this family has been extensively collected in other countries, these two species will probably be found elsewhere. This is almost certain to be the case with the small Chrysopa microphya, a species which is abundant in gardens in towns and settlements, although it has extended its range to a considerable elevation up the mountain sides. A single species, referred temporarily to Megaiomus (although not a true member of that genus), is more remarkable ; it may even prove to be peculiar to the islands, but will more probably ultimately be found elsewhere. It is noteworthy that both these insects are of general distribution over the islands, in contrast with most other species of this family, which are so often confined to a single island. Nineteen species are included in the genus NesomicromuSy which has been founded F. H. II. 5 32 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS for their reception. The simpler forms of this genus are very similar to the well-known genus Micromus, but the more remarkable species have the wing-contour of Drepa- nopteryx, and bear to Micromus a relation very similar to that which Drepanopteryx bears to Megalomus or Hemerobius. Between the extreme forms of Nesomicromus species are found in quite intermediate conditions, so that one is compelled to treat the whole series of species as forming but a single genus, and their relationship is strongly evidenced by the apical abdominal appendices of the ^^, which though differing in detail in many species, nevertheless possess notable peculiarities common to all Allied to Nesomicromus, and no doubt evolved within the islands from some such form, are the other two genera, Pseudopsectra and Nesothauma, each with but one species at present known. The former is in most respects intermediate between the latter and Nesomicromus. Both these insects, but especially the Nesothauma^ have claim to be considered amongst the most remarkable of all known species of Neuroptera. Nesothauma has no trace of posterior wings and the front pair are almost of the consistency of the elytra of a Coleopterous insect. Pseudopsectra is likewise incapable of flight, but the front pair of wings are less abnormal, and the posterior pair are represented by small lobes. Although reminding one of the anomalous and rare genus PsectrUy Pseudopsectra is, without doubt, not related in any way to that genus. The ^ characters of both Pseudopsectra and Nesothauma are formed entirely on a similar plan to those of Nesomicromus. The two insects included in these abnormal genera are very local and rare, and both frequent the same locality, Haleakala on Maui, where they are found at an elevation of five or six thousand feet above sea-level As above mentioned the single species of Chrysopa is almost certainly foreign, but another genus, Anomalochrysa, not known from elsewhere, includes no less than 29 species. These species form a most interesting series, but are excessively difficult to differentiate, owing to the great variability in colour of many of them, and the instability of the characters afforded by the nervuration. Here again the terminal segments of the t afford great help in many instances, and on these characters there would appear to be two good genera, but the females of the two sections appear to present no points for generic division, at least in dried examples, the distortion of the body after death being tjiuch greater in this sex than in the ^. v^The species of Hemerobiidae have in general a much more restricted range than have the indigenous Agrionidae of the Odonata. Excluding the single Megalomus and Chrysopa as probably foreign, of the genus Nesomicromus 1 5 out of the 1 9 are restricted each one to a single island, the remaining four being widely distributed insects, Hawaii and Maui each having four species peculiar, while the latter likewise has also its peculiar genera Pseudopsectra and Nesothauma. The species of Anomalochrysa are even more localized, two only of the 29 occurring on more than one of the islands. In this genus the island of Hawaii is extraordinarily rich, since it has 12 species peculiar to itself, and both of the two more widely distributed species are also found there. The NEUROPTERA 33 following table of the indigenous Hemerobiidae gives the percentage of species peculiar to each of the islands. Species peculiar to. Total number of species. Percentage of peculiar species. Kauai 7 8 87-5 Oahu 6^ 9 6o Molokai 6 8 75 Lanai — 2 Maui 9 12 75 Hawaii i6 20 8o Of the two Myrmeleonides I have not met with the Formicaleo perjurus Walk., which is almost certainly becoming extinct ; the other, Formicaleo wilsoni, is locally common in open places on the lava-flows of Hawaii, where there is a stunted vegetation, and it also is found on other of the islands. Very probably it will prove to be a natural immigrant, and will ultimately be found elsewhere. If we compare this table with that of the Agrionidae given on p. 34 it will at once be seen that the percentage of species peculiar to the several islands is much more nearly equal in the Hemerobiidae than is the case with the dragon-flies. In both tables Kauai stands first in the proportion of its peculiar species to the total number found upon it, and this is no doubt due, at least to a considerable extent, to the greater distance between it and the neighbouring island of Oahu, and probably in a lesser degree to its position at the extremity of the forest-bearing islands. The extraordinary richness of Hawaii in species of Anomalochrysa may perhaps point to that island as the spot where these insects first became established. The small percentage of species of Agrion peculiar to most of the islands is probably partly due to their greater powers of flight as compared with the Hemerobiidae, the high percentage of' species peculiar to the more remote island of Kauai rather pointing to this conclusion, but it may be that they have been established for a shorter time in the islands than the Hemerobiids, or, even if antecedent to these, they may be less susceptible to the effects of isolation and the changes in environment thereby produced. However that may be, there is no doubt that several of the species of Agrion are at the present time in the process of forming other distinct species, owing to the isolation and change of conditions brought about by individuals having spread to more than one of the islands. The Odonata or dragon-flies. The 29 species of Odonata are distributed in 5 genera, but no less than 24 are assigned to the genus Agrion. No doubt they will ultimately be separated from that genus, and will themselves form not less than three distinct genera, but at present it seems better to leave them under that name, as many of the species are difficult, being very variable even in important characters, and some have already formed more or less distinct local races, or subspecies, so that the question as * Anomalochrysa rufescens M^L., the locality of which is not recorded, is included here as being probably Oahuan. 5—2 34 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS to which are true species is as yet by no means absolutely settled. In the females the climax of difficulty is reached, for these have no structures suitable for distinguishing the species that can compare with the terminal appendages of the abdomen of the ?, while the superficial distinctions, such as colour, details of nervuration, etc. are notably variable. All the species of Agrion are peculiar to the islands and are probably all related to one another, as more or less transitional forms are found between the different groups, and it is probable that all originated from some single species which reached the islands in remote times. Of the other four dragon-flies the Tramea, Pantala, and Anax Junius, are no doubt natural immigrants, being all species of powerful flight and all are distri- buted throughout the group, whereas a large proportion of the species of Agrion are either restricted in range to one island, or when occurring on more than one are tending to form other distinct species, or local forms. The larger Anax, which is a very fine insect, is so far as is known peculiar to the islands, and has probably been established there sufficiently long to acquire characters which separate it from any other of the genus. It is very powerful on the wing, and is widely distributed over the islands, and extends its range far up the mountain sides. Another moderate-sized species, assigned to Sympetrum by Karsch, but for which Kirby has established a genus, Nesogonia, is also, so far as is known, peculiar to the islands. It is generally distributed over the group, in the mountains, and is notably variable in size, colour and nervuration. If we limit our investigation to the species of Agrion it will be seen that in the number of species peculiar to it, Kauai ranks easily first of the six larger islands. Excluding A. xanthomelas and A, pacificum, species ubiquitous over the islands, seven species are restricted to Kauai, nor has it any species that even extends to the neigh- bouring island of Oahu. The latter island has four species peculiar to itself, and five others which are found also on one or more of the others. Maui, Molokai and Hawaii have each but a single species peculiar to them, while the little island of Lanai with seven or eight species has none. It should be added however with regard to these islands that some of the species upon them form varieties very distinct from the typical examples, and this is especially the qase with several of the species found on Hawaii, where diminution in size and corresponding changes in nervuration are often evident. ^Nevertheless the occurrence of examples in a condition intermediate between the typical ah4 extreme forms of such species renders it inadvisable to consider them as belonging to nib^re than one species. The following table shows the percentage of species of Agrion peculiar to each of the islands. Species peculiar to. Total number of species. Percentage. 9 777 lo 40 8 12-5 , 7 — 10 10 9 ii'i Kauai 7 Oahu 4 Molokai I Lanai Maui I Hawaii I NEUROPTERA 35 Psocidae are richly represented in the islands and twenty-five species are dealt with in the present paper. No doubt many others yet remain to be discovered, indeed other species are certainly included in those collected by me, but owing to their small size and poor state of preservation it was not advisable to attempt the description of the species. Nearly all are subject to much distortion and contraction of the body-segments after drying, as well as discoloration, and owing to the exudation of a sticky substance they are with difficulty relaxed, so as to be suitable for examination. Evidently there are good characters in the terminal abdominal segments of the J, but these are not available in dried examples. Many of the species exhibit great variability (in colour, nervuration, etc.), which is so remarkable a feature of so many Hawaiian insects. The difficulties of study in this group are so great from the causes above enumerated, that the present paper on these insects can only be regarded as a preliminary sketch, especially as regards the species referred to the genus Elipsocus, in which the instability of nervuration is so great, as to render the discrimination of species almost hopeless, without special attention to the insects in the field. In this preliminary study I have not con- sidered it advisable to enter minutely into the generic question, but have referred all the species to three well-known genera. The solitary species referred to Stenopsocus temporarily, is clearly generically distinct therefrom, but only one example, in mutilated condition, was secured. It is very different to any other Hawaiian Psocid, and is inter- esting as having been taken at a high elevation in the mountains, where the nights, even in August, were cold, with hard frosts. Of the other 24 species, 14 are assigned to Psocus, most species of which appear to be confined, each one, to a single island, while 10 are placed in the genus Elipsocus, Some species of this latter genus are so variable in nervuration, that not only generic, but even characters of superior value, are affected. The other components of the Neuropterous fauna are comparatively of little interest. The two Termites belong to the genus Calotermes. The smaller of these, C margini- pennis Latr.,us certainly an introduced species and has done great damage to wooden buildings in the city of Honolulu. The larger one, referred to C castaneus Burm., is very possibly distinct from that species, which was described from winged forms. The soldiers of the Hawaiian species possess well-developed eyes, and it is noteworthy that they are found (and probably only found) in the native forests, and series of them from three of the islands vary distinctly in the length of the gular area on the under-side of the head, as though they were already forming distinct races on the various islands. It is possible however that this variation, although affecting an important character, is merely such as occurs in different communities, and is not due to isolation on different islands, the material at hand not being sufficient for deciding this point. The solitary Embiid {Oligotoma insularis M^Lach.) is an interesting insect on account of the dorsal sclerites of the thorax in the winged $ not being of the simple structure usual in these insects, and very different to those of the apterous ?. An 36 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS account of its habits and development is published in the Entomological Monthly Magazine, xxxiil (1897), P- 56. § 2. Systematic account of th6 Neuroptera. HEMEROBIIDAE. HEMEROBIIDES. The Hemerobiidae represented by the genera Megalomus, Nesomicromus, Pseudo- psectra, and Nesothauma^ as well as the numerous species of Anomalochrysa and the solitary^ one oiChrysopa of the subdivision Chrysopides and including also Myrmeleonides form the most extensive section of the Hawaiian Neuroptera. Nearly all the species are confined to the mountain forests. The larvae of the Hemerobiids proper appear to feed on the species of Psocidae, those of Anomalochrysa^ I have little doubt, prey on Lepidopterous larvae. Their mandibles are sharp and strong, so that they can give quite a sharp bite, when they fall upon the face or neck, as is often the case when one is beating the branches of trees. All the species appear to be nocturnal, although some are very readily disturbed, as one walks through the brush in the daytime. Megalomus Ramb. (i) Megalomus hospes, sp. nov. Head, thorax, and abdomen varying in colour from nearly uniform dark brown or blackish, with obscure pale markings, to a nearly uniform yellowish colour ; generally brown with pale markings, or yellow with fuscous markings. Anterior wings grey, more or less fulvescent, with a more or less distinct dark spot oil\the cubitus posticus, towards the base. Nervuration set with hairs, and with alternate light^aiid darker spaces. The gradate nervules form two more or less distinct, trans- verse, oblique darker lines, and there is a third near the base. In one example the whole middle portion of the wing between the inner and the basal series of gradate nervules is deeply infuscate, forming a wide blackish transverse fascia. Radius with three sectors. The posterior wings are almost hyaline, and beautifully iridescent, their nervuration pale. ^ We have excluded the Chrysopa oceanica Walk, from the list as probably not belonging to the Hawaiian fauna. Several species brought home by the Beechey expedition with the locality '* Sandwich Is.'' appear to have come from the other islands of that name. NEUROPTERA 37 $ appendices very long and narrow, the sides subparallel, with an apical depression outwardly, rounded at their extremities ; inwardly on their apical portion furnished with short somewhat spinose hairs, which are directed inwardly. Between the appendices there may be seen a short chitinous process, with the apex bifid, forming two spines. Ventral valve very narrow, sublinear, its sides parallel in dorsal or ventral aspect, curved upwards and clothed with long hairs. (Plate IV. figs, i, 2, 16 & 16 a.) Expanse 13 — 17 mm. Hab. Found all over the group, in the mountains, but not very abundant. This species has no relation with the rest of the Hawaiian Hemerobiidae, and I suspect it has been introduced. Nesomicromus, gen. nov. Allied to Micromus, some of the species having the superficial appearance, as well as the nervuration of that genus. The wings are either rounded at the apex, or falcate, somewhat resembling Drepanopteryx, the one form passing gradually into the other, so that the species cannot be subdivided on this character, although the extreme forms are vastly different. The species with simply rounded wings can (so far as I can see) only be separated from Micromus by the length of the joints of the maxillary palpi, in which they also agree with the species which have falcate wings. The penultimate joint of these palpi is very short, being only about half as long as the terminal. The (/ characters are very similar throughout the genus, the appendices being rarely very conspicuous, usually of triangular form and pointed at the apex. In all the species they give off* each from their lower margin towards the base a fine spine, and slight differences in the length, form, etc. of these spines furnish useful specific characters. The general similarity in the form of the appendices, which extends also to the two following genera, is very remarkable. As in MicromuSy there is no free cellule formed by a recurrent nervule at the base of the wing. (i) Nesomicromus vagus, sp. nov. Brown or black ; face, legs and palpi paler. Antennae varying in colour from testaceous to nearly black. Thorax with short pale pubescence. Anterior wings brownish or grey-brown (grey in immature examples), generally with a small pale spot towards the base, situated on the cubitus posticus* Gradate nervules more or less infuscate, forming two transverse darker lines on the wings, often irregular and broken, sometimes wanting. Apical margin evidently, but slightly excised, giving the wings a hooked appearance at the tip. Nervuration dark, sometimes (with the pterostigma) more or less pink, the nervures with short and very inconspicuous hairs. 38 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Radius normally with 5, rarely 4 or 6 sectors ; in the latter cases the number is often different on the two sides of the same insect. Posterior wings subinfuscate, but paler than the front wings and more transparent, nervuration generally dark, the apical margin very slightly excised below the tip of the wing. t appendices viewed laterally, sub-triangular, narrowly rounded at the apex, on their inferior margin inwardly they are furnished each with a fine spine, curved upwards, and under a very strong lens finely serrate or dentate, the spines extending backwards rather beyond the apices of the processes. (Plate IV. fig. 3.) Expanse 12 — 18 mm, Hab. Common all over the group in mountain forests, and sometimes found on the coast. (2) Nesomicromus latipennis^ sp. nov. Allied to the preceding, and of similar colour. Anterior wings brown, posterior pair infumate. Radius with 5 sectors. Readily known by the very broad and short wings, the apical margin not perceptibly emargi- nate ; the posterior pair very obtuse, their apical margin almost straight, not slightly concave. (Plate IV. fig. 4.) Expanse 15 mm. Hab. Kona, Hawaii (3500 ft.); i % June, 1892. (3) Nesomicromus angustipennis, sp. nov. Closely allied to N, hawaiiensis, but with the wings narrower and the apex somewhat more produced. The radius gives off 6 or 7 sectors. The cellules formed between the outer and inner series of the gradate nervules are extremely narrow in proportion to their length, and this fact gives a character to the wing by which the species may be easily recognized. The body and anterior wings are brown, but only gradually arrive at this colour, being pale for some time after the emergence of the insect. Normally there is a small pale spbt towards the base of the wing on the cubitus posticus, and the radius bears alternate pale and dark spots as in N. hawaiiensis. The variation of the present species also appears analogous to that of the other, the nervuration and pterostigmata being pink in some examples, and the wings in some are evidently less narrow than usual, etc. The i characters differ, in that the spines of the apical processes are shorter, and do not reach to the apices of the processes themselves. (Plate IV. fig. 5.) Expanse 12 — 16 mm. Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.). NEUROPTERA 39 (4) Nesomicromus drepanoides, sp. no v. Dark brown or nearly black, legs and antennae pale. Anterior wings dark brown more or less mottled with lighter yellowish-brown, or nearly entirely pale yellowish- brown with the gradate nervules delineated by transverse dark lines, the radius with the usual alternate dark spots, and some dark markings near the base of the wing. Posterior wings more or less infuscate. Pterostigma sometimes pink. Allied to the preceding species, but with the apical margin of the anterior wings more deeply excised, and the dorsal margin from the apex to about the middle, evidently, but very slightly, concave. The wings are also less narrow. The sectors of the radius are 6 or 7 in number, whereof the two which are nearest the base sometimes unite close to their point of origin. The general appearance of the nervuration is that of the preceding. In the t the spines of the apical processes appear to extend about to the apex of each process, and they cross each other near the base. (Plate IV. fig. 6.) Expanse 14 — 16 '5 mm. Hab. Kauai (4000 ft), i ^, 3 ? taken. Of the latter one example is much paler than the others (as described above), and it also has broader wings, but I doubt whether it is specifically distinct ; in fact no two individuals out of the four agree. (5) Nesomicromus paradoxus, sp. nov. Nearly black, the legs and antennae and some marks on the dorsum of the thorax pale. Anterior wings dark brown, the costal area hyaline for the most part, and some pale spots around the margins, especially along the apical. Posterior wings nearly entirely infuscate. The apical margins in both pairs of wings are excised, in the inferior, very lightly. The dorsal margins of the superior pair are also deeply excised to about the middle, forming there a conspicuous rounded lobe, after which they are slightly concave to the base. The nervuration is black and distinct, and hardly perceptibly furnished with hairs. There are 6 sectors to the radius. (Plate IV. fig. 7.) Expanse 12 mm. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; i ?, (6) Nesomicromus fulvescens, sp, nov. Dark brown with pale markings, antennae and legs pale. Anterior wings pale yellowish-brown, largely but not deeply infuscate from the region of the inner gradate series to the apical margin. The outer gradate nervules are blackish and infuscate, F. H. II. 6 40 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS forming a distinct transverse dark line, the dorsal margin near the base is also dark, as also spots on the costa, radius, and the cubital nervures. Posterior wings subhyaline, with rather pale nervuration, the outer series of gradate nervules darker. Anterior and posterior wings very broad in proportion to their length, their apical margins hardly perceptibly emarginate. In the former the radius gives off 5 sectors, the 5th twice furcate before reaching the outer series of gradate nervules. No doubt some examples of this species will have 6 sectors to the radius. Expanse i6'5 mm. Differs from N, drepanoides and angustipennis, much as N, latipennis does from JV. hawaiiensis, Hab. Waianae Mts., Oahu (3000 ft.) ; i ?. (7) Nesomicromus bellulus, sp. no v. Black, or more or less brown, head and sometimes the prothorax with pale spots, legs pale, front and middle tibiae with two distinct black rings. Antennae with the two first joints black, the rest pale at their base, and dark at the apex. Anterior wings t whitish, subtransparent, iridescent, with a large dark irregular and broken blotch at the base, and another more or less evident at the apex, bounded inwardly by the suffused nervules of the outer gradate series. All the nervuration with alternating dark and pale spaces, the dark ones on the radius very distinct. In the % the anterior wings are much suffused with ochreous-brown, a round spot between the upper parts of the two gradate series being less suffused, but not very distinct. The posterior wings are transparent and iridescent, infumate at the extreme base along the dorsal margin, and their nervuration is to a large extent pale, becoming dark towards the apex. In the % these wings are more clouded, especially along the dorsal margins, and the nervuration is on the whole darker. \ The anterior wings are simply rounded at their apices, the apical margin not at all ema^^ate, but forming a continuous curve with the hind margin. There are 5 sectors to the radius, sometimes 6, at least on one side. Abdomen t with the terminal appendices yellow ; their apices very narrow and somewhat produced, slightly turned upwards and inwards and subtuberculate. The spines are long and very fine, their extremities curved upwards, but they do not extend backwards so far as the apices of the appendices themselves. (Plate IV. fig. 8.) Expanse 16 — 17 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.) ; very rare, 3 ^, i ? taken. NEUROPTERA 41 (8) Nesomicromus molokaiensisy sp. nov. Female, very closely allied to the preceding, the anterior wings much more infuscate, dark brown in colour, with paler markings, the chief of which is a roundish spot near the apex, between the two gradate series. The posterior wings are entirely infumate, except for a pale apical spot on each, corresponding to those on the front wings, their nervuration is chiefly dark, and the nervures do not bear alternate light and dark spots, although some are entirely pale. In the anterior wings the radius has 6 sectors. Expanse 16*5 mm. Hab. Molokai, above 4000 ft.; i $ taken in June, 1893. I^ i^ possible that this form may prove to be a variety of the preceding species. (9) Nesomicromus minor, sp. nov. Female closely allied to N, bellulus, but smaller, the wings much shorter, the anterior pair for the most part infumate, costal area and the upper part of the wing below and along the radius clearer. Five sectors to the radius, the sectors themselves, at least towards the base, with alternate dark and light spaces, as also the radius. Posterior wings entirely, but lightly infumate, except for an ill-defined pale spot near the apex. Nervuration for the most part dark, without distinct alternating light and dark spaces. Antennae pale, testaceous, the joints infuscate at their apices, the two basal joints brownish. Expanse 14 mm. Hab. Waianae mountains, Oahu (3000 ft.); i $ taken in February, 1896. (10) Nesomicromus infumatus^ sp. nov. Female closely allied to N, bellulus, anterior wings darkly infumate, with only sparse small pale spots, especially along the dorsal margin ; costal area paler than the rest of the wing ; at the base there are some dark markings, and the gradate nervules are distinct, as two zigzag transverse lines, darker than the ground colour. The wings are very narrow in proportion to their length. There are 5 or 6 sectors to the radius (5 one side and 6 the other). Posterior wings infumate, but transparent, no trace of a paler apical spot, the cubitus posticus very strong, black, except at the extreme base. 6—2 42 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Two basal joints of antennae dark, the other joints infuscate, slightly paler at their bases. Expanse i6 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.); i ? taken in Oct. 1896. (11) Nesomicromus longispinosus, sp. no v. Dark brown or blackish, antennae, including the two basal joints, testaceous, the apices of the joints lightly infuscate. Legs testaceous, front and intermediate tibiae largely fuscous. Anterior wings brownish-grey, nervuration for the most part dark, but interrupted by pale spots, radius very distinctly alternately light and dark. At the extreme base of the dorsal margin and about the cubitus towards its base, there is more or less dark infuscation, and one or both of the series of gradate nervules are more or less infuscate, and form dark lines. The wings are rounded at the apex, and the radius gives off 6 sectors. Posterior wings hyaline, nervuration pale, but darker along the outer series of gradate nervules, so as to form an evident dark line. Radius connected with the sector by several transverse nervules. $ appendices pale, narrow, the spines unusually strongly developed, and very finely spinulose along one edge, very long, extending far behind the apices of the appendices, and crossing one another. (Plate IV. fig. 15.) Expanse of ^ 13 mm.; $15 mm. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; i $ and r ? taken. Remarkable for the long spines of the $ appendices, and the additional transverse nervules in the posterior wings of both sexes. (12) Nesomicromus haleakalae, sp. no v. Female closely allied to the preceding, rather larger and with the anterior wings more grey, less tinged with brown. The black markings of the wings are more distinct, the dark markings along the cubitus forming with the blackish suffusion along the gradate nervules of the inner series a distinct curved blackish line. The radius gives off 5 sectors, and the elongate cellules formed between the two series of gradate nervules, are evidently less narrow and numerous than those of the preceding species. Posterior wings very much as in N. longispinosus, nearly hyaline, the radius and sector connected by several transverse nervules. NEUROPTERA 43 The antennae agree with those of the preceding species in having the two basal joints testaceous, but the rest are much darker, pale narrowly at the base. Expanse i6 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (4000 ft.) ; i % taken in April, 1894. (13) Nesomicromus brunnescens, sp. nov. Brown or blackish brown, legs and antennae testaceous, the joints of the latter infuscate on their apical portion. Anterior wings brown, or brownish grey (the latter colour probably only in examples not fully mature), rounded at their apices, radius giving off 7 — 9 sectors, the gradate nervules forming two obliquely transverse, fine dark lines, sometimes very in- distinct, the cellules between the two series very narrow in proportion to their length. Posterior wings subhyaline, somewhat iridescent, nervuration light brown or yellowish, the outer series of gradate nervules darker. ^ appendices narrow towards the apex, not strongly produced, their spines some- what strong, curved upwards, serrulate, and extending back to the apices of the appen- dices or even slightly beyond them. (Plate IV. fig. 9.) Expanse 14 — 16 mm. Hab. Molokai, Lanai, and Haleakala, Maui. Rare (2000 — 5000 ft.). (14) Nesomicromus rubrinervisy sp. nov. Head, thorax, legs and antennae testaceous, abdomen darker. Anterior wings narrow, their apices rounded, pale brown, tinged with pink, the nervuration pink. Radius with four sectors. Nervules of inner gradate series sub- infuscate, forming a faint dark line. In this series four of the transverse nervules are nearly continuous and form a slightly oblique line, but the two upper ones of the series are greatly separated from the four lower, and from one another. Posterior wings nearly hyaline, the nervuration and pterostigma pink. Spines of the appendices of ^ reaching about to their apex, and curved upwards. Expanse 13 — 14*5 mm. Van a. Dark brown in colour, wings dark, shorter and wider than in the type, pterostigmata and nervuration pink. Radius with 5 sectors. The dark colour may really be normal, the two examples described above being possibly immature. The pinkish tinge to the wings and the condition of the inner series of gradate nervules is so similar, that I have little doubt that the two forms are one species, in spite of the additional sector to the radius. Expanse 14 mm. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; 1^2?. 44 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (15) Nesomicromus forcipatus, sp. nov. Head, thorax and abdomen all pale, subtestaceous. Basal joint of the antennae suffused with pink. Anterior wings rounded at the apex, dull yellowish, with obscure fuscous spots. Nervuration pale, interrupted by spaces of a pink colour. Radius with 4 sectors. Posterior wings with pale nervuration, more or less pink in parts. Appendices of t long and strong, of about equal width (in lateral view) from near the base to the apex, their extremities slightly turned inwards, the spines on their inferior margin near the base very short, not nearly extending back to their apices. (Plate IV. figs. 14 & 14^.) Expanse oi ^ 11 mm. ($ unknown), Hab. Makaweli, Kauai (above 2000 ft.) ; i t taken. The form of the appen- dices will distinguish it at a glance from any other species. (16) Nesomicromus distinctus, sp. nov. Female, with the head and thorax yellowish-brown, metathorax and abdomen darker. Legs and antennae testaceous. Anterior wings rounded at their apices, pale yellowish-brown ; the outer series of gradate nervules black, and with blackish infuscation around them, forming a very distinct, and but slightly oblique, transverse dark line. Inner series hardly infuscate. Radius with distinct black spots at the points of origin of the sectors, which are five in number. Posterior wings pale, subhyaline, pterostigma and nervuration pink, nervures in the region of the outer gradate series deep black, forming a conspicuous curved marking at the apices of the wings. Expanse 14 mm. Hab. a single % taken in the mountains on Molokai, August, 1893. ^ (17) Nesomicromus subochraceus, sp. nov. Head and thorax yellowish or testaceous, abdomen generally darker, legs and antennae testaceous, the latter with darker annulation. Anterior wings rounded at the apex, pale greyish-fulvous, more or less mottled with fuscous. Nervures alternately dark and light ; radius with 4 sectors, the number being constant in the series examined. Posterior wings hyaline and iridescent with very pale nervuration, the nervures near the apical margin becoming black and forming a distinct marking. NEUROPTERA 45 ^ appendices of the usual form, the spines hardly reaching to their apex. Apical ventral segment narrow, tongue-like. (Plate IV. fig. 10.) Expanse 13 — 16 mm. Hab. Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii (from 3000 — 5000 ft.). (18) Nesomicromus stenopteryxy sp. nov. Small, blackish, antennae and the posterior legs testaceous, anterior and middle tibiae and femora for the most part dark, their tarsi testaceous. Wings very narrow ; anterior pair rounded at the apex, greyish-fuscous, slightly fulvescent, with a black streak from the base, uniting with the dark inner series of gradate nervules, to form a curved dark line. Radius with 5 sectors, nervuration dark, interrupted by pale spaces. Posterior wings subhyaline, very lightly infumate, nervu- ration somewhat dark for the most part, the nervures not conspicuously blackened towards their apices ; apical margin very faintly, but just perceptibly excised. ^ with the spines of the appendices, somewhat strong, extending to their apices, crossing each other towards the apex. Expanse 1 1 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.) ; i ^. (19) Nesomicromus minimus, sp. nov. Usually of a dark brown or black colour, sometimes paler, prothorax generally with brown or yellowish markings in the darker specimens. Anterior wings rounded at the apex, narrow, greyish, or yellowish-grey, near the base with two small black spots, one above the other and close together, situated one on the cubitus anticus the other on the cubitus posticus. Other black or fuscous spots are often present, but these are the most conspicuous, and apparently are never absent. Radius normally with 4, rarely with 3 sectors. Posterior wings hyaline, nervuration pale and inconspicuous, but towards the apical margin the nervures become black, and form a delicate marking. Pterostigma often quite pallid and inconspicuous, but passing from yellow in some to testaceous in others, and then very conspicuous. t with the appendices of the usual form, their spines very finely serrulate, curved upwards, extending slightly beyond their apices. (Plate IV. fig. 11.) Expanse 10 — 14 mm. Hab. Mountains of Molokai and Hawaii (3000 — 4000 ft.). 46 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS PsEUDOPSECTRA, gen. nov. Allied to Nesomicromus, Antennae longer than the anterior wings. Maxillary palpi with the terminal joint long, acuminate, twice as long as the preceding, Prothorax short. Anterior wings very short, rounded at the apex, strongly convex above, and concave beneath, coriaceous and opaque, costal and apical margins fringed, the dorsal one bare. Nervuration without hairs. Costal area with no recurrent nervule at the base, and not strongly dilated. Six or seven sectors to the radius. Posterior wings very minute in both sexes, forming small subtriangular lobes. t characters as in Nesomicromus, the appendices each furnished towards the base on their inferior margin with an upturned spine, which is finely serrulate. (i) Pseudopsectra lobipennisy sp. nov. Brown or nearly black, the legs and antennae testaceous, the latter with darker annulations, the former with the front and intermediate tibiae with more or less distinct fuscous markings. Anterior wings brown or yellowish-brown, gradate nervules infuscate forming dark lines, nervuration with alternate darker and paler spaces, and there are distinct dark spots placed all round the margins of the wings. Posterior wings subtriangular narrowly rounded at the apex, with one very thick longitudinal nervure, and one or two others much less distinct. Appendices of t short, clothed with long hairs, their spines strongly developed, crossing one another, and extending to the apices of the appendices. (Plate IV. fig. 12.) Expanse 9 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft). One t and one % taken. Nesothauma, gen. nov. Antennae short, apical joint of maxillary palpi long, about twice as long as the preceding. Head and thorax strongly, densely and roughly punctured. Prothorax bilobate in front. Anterior wings very small, their texture almost that of the elytra of a Coleopterous insect, the dorsal margin very strongly rounded, the costal margin much less strongly. Their surface is strongly convex, but somewhat depressed along the margins, which are reflexed. At the base, for about one-third its length, the wing is strongly compressed into a strong longitudinal carina, which in the NEUROPTERA 47 natural position of the wings marks off a dorsal from a lateral field. The nervuratlon is not to be definitely made out, but the transverse nervules are excessively numerous and divide the wing up into great numbers of small square or subcircular cellules ; the nervures bear no hairs, nor is there any trace of a marginal fringe. Posterior wings, none. The J characters are similar to those of Nesomicromus and Pseudopsectra. (i) Nesothauma haleakalae^ sp, no v. Black, head with pale markings and sometimes the thorax. Antennae variable in colour, the basal joint sometimes black, sometimes testaceous. Wings black with yellow markings, or yellow with black and fuscous markings, very variable in colour. (Plate IV. figs. 13, 13^ & i3<5.) Appendices of t narrow towards the apex, and pale in colour, their spines slender, long, crossing each other, and extending considerably behind the extremity of the appendices. Length about 4 mm. Expanse 6 — 7 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.). Rare. CHRYSOPIDES. Anomalochrysa M^Lachl. (i) Anomalochrysa princepSy sp. nov. Head, thorax, abdomen, legs and antennae flavous. A large species of slender form, but variable in size. Prothorax with pale and rather long pubescence, gradually attenuate from the base forwards, and with a transverse impressed line near the base. Wings with pale nervuration, the anterior much broader than the posterior, the latter subfalcate. The former are ornamented with sparse black, or blackish, spots. Their nervuration is not conspicuous, many of the nervules being in part, or wholly, almost colourless, and for the rest of a pale yellow colour, the whole set with pale hairs. The gradate nervules form four longitudinal rows of cellules, the two middle ones sometimes more or less confused, and one or other of them incomplete. Dividing nervule of third cubital cellule received in the apical side of the cellule, instead of in the upper (i.e. the cubital nervure), as is usual in the genus. Posterior wings subfalcate, three distinct rows of cellules formed by the gradate nervules, a fourth sometimes more or less indicated. All the pterostigmata pallid, the wings subhyaline, tinged with yellow. F. H. II. 7 48 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Abdomen in t with pale pubescence, its apical dorsal plate not strongly dilated, erect, clothed along the margins with pale hairs, and armed, on either side, on the margin at the base beneath with a long fine spine, the apex of which is strongly incurved. Apical ventral valve narrow, tongue-like, not closed against the dorsal plate, its surface clothed with long pale hairs. (Plate III. fig. i and Plate IV. figs. 20 & 20a.) Length 11 — 14 mm. Expanse 33 — 43 mm. Hab, Hawaii; various localities in dense and damp forests (2000 — 3000ft.). (2) Anomalochrysa molokaiensis, sp. nov. Closely allied to the preceding, flavous with a bright sulphur-yellow median longitudinal stripe extending the whole length of the insect. May be distinguished at once from the preceding by the condition of the third cubital cellule, which is of the usual form, the dividing nervule received by the cubitus. The wings have no black dots. The nervuration is rather more complex ; there are four rows of cellules and indications of a fifth formed by the gradate nervules in the anterior wings ; four more or less complete rows in the posterior. Expanse of $ about 43 mm. Hab. Mountains of Molokai (4000 ft). A single ? found drowning in a pool of water. (3) Anomalochrysa sylvicola, sp. nov. Flavous, with a median longitudinal stripe of a sulphur-yellow colour more or less distinct. Allied to the preceding species but smaller, the wings of very similar shape, the posterior pair very distinctly pointed at their apex. Nervuration and hairs pale, but the gradate nervules in the anterior wings are more or less black or blackish, and form evi^^ntly four longitudinal rows of cellules with a tendency to a fifth, the intermediate series "being more or less irregular ; posterior wings with four, more or less complete, rows, one of these sometimes consisting of but few cellules. In the anterior wings the gradate nervules (except the lowest series slightly), although dark themselves, have not an evident infuscation along their margins. Abdomen clothed with pale hairs, the apical dorsal plate not greatly dilated, formed much as in the preceding. (Plate III. fig. 2.) Expanse 35 — 37 mm. Hab. High plateau of Kauai (4000 ft). NEUROPTERA 49 (4) Anomalochrysa debilis, sp. nov. Form and colour as in A, sylvicola (the yellow longitudinal stripe not always visible in dried examples), but considerably smaller. Nervuration pale ; gradate nervules in the anterior wings black or dark forming four rows of cellules, the two middle ones not generally completely separated ; posterior wings with three rows. All the cellules in the gradate series distinctly but lightly infuscate on each side of the gradate nervules. Abdomen clothed with pale hairs, apical dorsal plate of t not strongly dilated, erect, the spine on each side at the base beneath, exceedingly fine and hair-like, both dorsal and ventral plates clothed with pale hairs. Length 8 mm. Expanse 24 — 27 mm. Hab. Kona, Hawaii (about 3000 ft.). (5) Anomalochrysa peleSy sp. nov. Form, colour and general appearance much as in the two preceding species. From A. sylvicola it may be at once distinguished by the infuscation of the front wings, which is more conspicuous than in A. debilis, nearly all the cellules of the anterior wings being narrowly but distinctly clouded along the nervules ; and from either of those species it may be known by the form of the third cubital cellule, the apical portion of which has its apical and inferior angle strongly produced outwardly. Of the cellules formed by the gradate nervules the upper and lower rows are distinct and very similar in size ; between these there are at least three other rows more or less confused. In the posterior wings four rows are more or less evident. Abdomen of t niuch as in the preceding species. In the only example I have seen, the basal joint of the antennae, the head, and front of the prothorax, are darker in colour, with a reddish tinge, but this is hardly likely to be a constant character. The hairs on the nervures of the wings are rather long and conspicuous. Ventral valve of apical abdominal segment with long pale hairs. Expanse 32 mm. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii; a single t taken. (6) Anomalochrysa montana Blackb. Anomalochrysa montana Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. (1884), p. 419. Hab. Mauna Loa, Hawaii, at an elevation of nearly 7000 ft. (Blackburn). Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.). 7—2 50 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (7) Anomalochrysa angulicosta, sp. no v. Thorax, abdomen, legs and antennae yellowish, probably more or less green in life, as traces of that colour can still be detected on the metathorax of the ?. Prothorax rather short. Wings somewhat broad, costal margin in the ^ angulated about the middle, the costal area being suddenly narrowed at that point In the ? the costal margin is simple except that it is perceptibly but slightly emarginate before the pterostigma. Nervura- tion pale yellowish or green, pterostigma pale. In the anterior wings the gradate nervules form three distinct rows of cellules, whereof the upper are extremely high, the lower towards the apex show a tendency to further division. In the posterior wings there are also three rows. All the cellules of the anterior wings containing fuscous spots or lines. Apical portion of the third cubital cellule pentagonal. Abdomen with pale pubescence, the apical ventral valve with long hairs. (Plate III. fig. 3.) Expanse 32 — 34 mm, Hab. Mountains of Molokai ; i % taken at an elevation of 4500 ft. in June, 1893, and I t at 4000 ft. June, 1896. (8) Anomalochrysa cognata^ sp. nov. Female very closely allied to the preceding, but smaller and with narrower wings. Colour very similar, probably with a bright sulphur-yellow mediodorsal stripe in life. Anterior wings with the cellules infuscate along their nervules ; gradate nervules forming four rows of cellules, of which those of the upper row are not very high, and have their sides straight (not bent as in the preceding) ; the third row consists of small and somewhat irregular cellules. In the posterior wings there are three rows. Dividing nervule of the third cubital cellule meeting its apical side, somewhat as in y^ . princepSy but^ nearer its upper extremity. The lower portion of this cellule is therefore quadran- gulaV). instead of pentagonal, as is usual in the genus. Expanse 31 mm. Hab. Mountains near Honolulu (3000 ft.) ; 1 % taken in 1896. (9) Anomalochrysa rufescens M^'Lachl. Anomalochrysa rufescens^ M'^Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. (1883), p. 300. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (loc. ?). Blackburn. NEUROPTERA 51 (10) Anomalochrysa viridis, sp. no v. Green in life, generally fading after drying to yellow, testaceous, or brown. Prothorax usually with more or less distinct brown spots. Posterior wings considerably narrower than the anterior pair, pointed at the apex. Pterostigmata olivaceous in mature examples, at least in the ?, paler apparently in the t- The nervuration although fine is clear and conspicuous in mature examples, but is much darker in some than in others, and is set with very fine hairs, which are evidently easily abraded, being much more numerous in pallid examples which have recently emerged. In the anterior wings, which are moderately broad, but somewhat variable in this respect, four rows of longitudinal cellules are formed by the gradate nervules, of which the two intermediate rows consist of cellules not much higher than wide, and are often more or less confused and incomplete, the nervules, which divide them, failing towards the apex of the wing. One example has three rows only. Posterior wings with three rows. The abdomen is clothed with subdecumbent pubescence, the apical dorsal plate in the t, is erect, not very wide, and fringed with dark hairs, which on its ventral (or inner) surface at the extreme base extend across it for some distance on each side. I can detect no sign of the two fine lateral spines which are present in all the preceding species examined, at about the spot where in this species the fringe of hairs is directed transversely, as just mentioned. These internally-placed hairs are however themselves of a spinose nature, and at their apices are beautifully curved inwards. The apical ventral valve is clothed with somewhat long hairs. (Plate III, fig. 4.) Expanse 28 — 32 mm. Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.). (11) Anomalochrysa soror, sp, nov. Closely allied to the preceding, but probably of smaller average size, with narrower wings, and the nervuration, which is green, paler. It may be known at once by the shape of the wings which are almost perfectly rounded at their apices, instead of forming a distinct angle thereat. The form and pubescence of the abdomen is much like that of the preceding, the apical dorsal plate is furnished with similar spinose hairs, which are situated along the 52 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS lateral margins of the plate beneath, forming a longitudinal row ; their colour is dark and their apices are strongly curved. The characters of the nervuration are those of the preceding species. Expanse 25 — 28 mm, Hab. Haleakala, Maui, 5000 ft. ; 3 ^, i ?. Probably common but overlooked. (12) Anomalochrysa frater, sp. nov. Closely allied to and with the general appearance of A. viridis, which it resembles in the form of the wings, and in the nervuration, and varies in the same way. The pterostigmata are sometimes pale, sometimes olivaceous and very distinct. The t is easily known by the pubescence of the abdominal segments, the apical portions of which are covered especially towards the sides with long and generally black pubescence, which is directed towards the base of the abdomen, while the basal half of each segment has only short and inconspicuous hairs. The apical dorsal plate has curved hairs, similar to those of the two preceding species, but they are differently disposed, occupying a considerable portion of the lower surface of the plate. I see no constant differences between the % of this species and that of A. viridis, in spite of the conspicuous distinctions between the ^^, but the abdomen of the former sex is invariably so greatly distorted in dried examples, that it is useless for the investigation of specific characters. (Plate IV. fig. t8.) Expanse 26 — 32 mm. Hab. Island of Hawaii (2000 — 4000 ft.) ; common and generally distributed. (13) Anomalochrysa nana, sp. nov. A very small species, bright apple-green in life, with a sulphur-yellow mediodorsal str^ipe from the front of the vertex to the apex of the abdomen. In the dried example the body has for the most part become testaceous, or yellowish, and the yellow line has to a c^siderable extent become indistinct, or disappeared. Anterior wings narrow, obtuse at the apex, hyaline and somewhat iridescent, the nervuration green partly faded to yellowish, and rather conspicuously clothed with hairs, which are not very closely set. Gradate nervules very regular, forming an upper and a lower entire row of cellules, and between these other two rows for the length of a few cellules, after which one of the series of gradate nervules fails and there is only a single row of cellules between the upper and lower. There are only about 19 ante- pterostigmatic cellules. NEUROPTERA 53 In the posterior wings the nervuration is less distinct. The gradate nervules form three rows of cellules. Abdomen clothed with fine pale hairs. Expanse 23 mm. Hab. Molokai mountains (3000 ft.), June, 1892; i % taken. (14) Anomalochrysa patirosticta^ sp. nov. Yellow, pronotum with some fuscous markings, meso- and metanota towards the sides greenish. Head, legs and antennae concolorous w4th the body. Wings hyaline, iridescent, with yellow nervuration and pterostigmata, and a few small black spots on the basal portion of the anterior pair, the spots being situated on the nervuration, the gradate nervules are also mostly black, and form four rows of cellules, of which the upper and lower are complete, the part between them not being divided for its whole length. The third cubital cellule has the apical inferior angle greatly produced, so that the length of the upper side of the whole cellule is about equal to the lower. The posterior wings are distinctly pointed at the apex, and have three rows of cellules in place of the four of the anterior. These rows are quite distinct, although the two lower may not be completely divided. The nervuration of the wings is set somewhat sparsely with rather long hairs, which are not at all conspicuous. Male unknown. Expanse 2^1 ^^* Hab. Olaa, Hawaii (2000 ft.); i $, December, 1896. (15) Anomalochrysa longipennisy sp. nov. Dark brown, base of antennae and front legs rosy red, thorax especially the prothorax also with red markings, meso- and metathorax also partly pale. (Plate HI. fig. 5.) Wings hyaline, but not perfectly transparent, the anterior pair with a few intra- cellular dark spots along the dorsal margin. Nervuration green in life, more or less yellow after drying, very similar to that of the preceding species, to which it is very closely allied. It differs from A. paurosticta as follows : the dark spots on the wings are placed within the cellules, instead of on the nervuration, the wings themselves are longer, the hairs on the nervules are evidently closer and more conspicuous, the third cubital cellule is more widely produced apically, and the thickening of the dorsal 54 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS margin near the base of the wing is more conspicuous, and closes, or nearly closes, the apical portion of the cellule above it Male unknown. Expanse 42 mm. The entirely different colour of this insect and the preceding cannot be taken into account in separating the two, as they belong to a group in which different individuals of the same species often show differences in coloration precisely similar to that exhibited by these two insects, but I believe they are really distinct. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii; i % taken in August, 1896. (16) Anomalochrysa maclacklani Blackb. Anomalochrysa maclacklani Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. (1884), p. 418. Hab. Mauna Loa, Hawaii (6000 ft.) in May, 1882. (Blackburn.) (17) Anomalochrysa deceptor, sp. nov. This is a very variable species, and the extreme forms are totally unlike one another in general appearance. The following three forms of coloration no doubt constantly occur. (i) Head, thorax and abdomen entirely flavous, or partly greenish (in life probably sometimes entirely green). (2) Abdomen and sides of the thorax yellowish or green, face yellow or pink, and a crimson stripe extending from the front of the vertex of the head to the mesothorax, antennae at the base in these examples often pink. (3) Whole body dark brown, or with the meso- and metathorax, or one of these parts more or less pale, green or yellow. Intermediate forms occur, e.g. a large part of the thorax may be yellow or greenish, th^ abdomen dark, and the face pink, &c. The wings also vary, and may be hyaline and colourless, or themselves slightly greenisli, or they may be whitish and opaque ; nor is this condition of the wings confined to examples with a particular coloration of the body. These white-winged examples generally have dark spots on the anterior pair, but this is not invariably the case, and the spots are generally few, and confined to the base of the wing along the dorsal margin, but sometimes are more extensive. The nervuration is always pale, green or yellow, except that the gradate nervules are usually, if not always, more or less dark, and the dorsal margin of the anterior wings is sometimes pink. NEUROPTERA 55 Anterior wings in the $ long and narrow, generally somewhat broader in the t \ the gradate nervules form four rows of cellules, in the upper of which the cellules are very high and narrow ; the intermediate rows are subject to further division, so that in some examples as many as 5 or 6 cellules may sometimes be seen in a transverse line at some portion of the wing. In one example there are 5 complete rows. In the posterior wings there are also 4 rows, but one is often incomplete or may be entirely obsolete. The superior row, as in the anterior wings, consists of extremely high and narrow cellules, with the sides more or less curved. The third cubital cellule has its inferior apical angle considerably produced, and the dividing nervure is evidently shorter than its apical margin (i.e. the nervure between it and the fourth). Apical dorsal plate of ' »l^ i* DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IV. (VOL. XL) NEUROPTERA. HEMEROBIIDES and CHRYSOPIDES. Megalomus hospes. M, hospes var, Nesomicromus vagus. N. latipennis. AT angustipennis, N. drepanoides. N. paradoxus. N. bellulus. N. brunnescens. N. subochraceus. Fig. II. N. minimus. Fig. 12. Fseudopsedra lobipennis. Fig. 13. Nesothauma hakakalae ; 13a, the same in profile; i3<5, terminal segment and appendices in dorsal aspect. Fig. 14. Nesomicroinus forcipatuSy $ terminal segments in dorsal aspect; 14a, the same in lateral view. Fig. 15. N. iongispinosus, ^ terminal segments in dorsal aspect. Fig. 16. Megalomus hospes, S terminal segments in lateral view ; i6a, the same seen from the apex. P'ig. 17. Anomalochrysa hepatica^ apical segments of abdomen of $ in lateral view. Fig. r8. A. f rater, apical segments of abdomen of $ in lateral view. Fig. 19. A. deceptor, apical segments of abdomen of $ in dorsal aspect; i(^a, the same in lateral view. Fig. 20. A. princeps, apical segments of abdomen of cj in dorsal aspect ; 20a, the same in lateral view. i'lg- I. Fig. 2. Fig- 3- Fig. 4- Fig. 5- Fig. 6. Fig. 7- Fig. 8. Fig. 9- Fig. 10. y iff 11 Wy He ■I €:-me Fig. I. Fig. 2. Fig. 3 Fig. 4, rnal lateral view. Figs. 5 & Sa, Figs, 6 & 6a, Figs. 7 & 'ja. Figs. 8 & Sa. Figs. 9 & ga. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE V. (VOL. II.) ODONATA. Agrton xanthomelas S. 2. A. jugorum $ . A. heterogamias $. Terminal segment and appendices of Agrton xanthomelas $ in dorsal; 4a, in The same parts in A. nigrohamatum. The same in A, pacificum. The same in A. koelense. The same in A. oresitrophum. The same in A, calliphya. Figs. 10 & 10a. The same in A, nesiotes. Figs. II & 1 1 a. The same in A. jugorum. Figs. 12 & 12^. The same in A, oahuense. Figs. 13 & iT^a. The same in A. vagahmdum. Figs. 14 & 14^. The same in A. oceanicum. Figs. 15 & 15a. The same in A. blackburni. Vv 1/ h^.. ;::i%^i-^- 4 'kj p &0^^'^ WM:M im^ M \ ^"^^^^^fiiifc^ r J? ^,i 10 ^m 1 ^i J/ ,tj I" ;4. p^ ft^#i^^ if ^ ?'iX .r- ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896, and 1897, by Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge. Demy 4to. Parts I, II, and III. Price 12s. 6d. each. Parts IV and V. Price 215. each. Part VI (completing the work). Price 12s. 6d PART I. 1898, 1. The anatomy and development of Peripatus novae-britanniae. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, M.A., D.Sc. With Plates I.— IV. and 7 figures in the text. 2. Metaprotella sandalensis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr Paul Mayer. With 6 figures in the text. 3. On a little-known Sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. Boulenger. F.R.S With Plate V. 4. Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK. With Plate VL 5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the e^gs. By D. SHARP. M.A., F.R.S With Plates VIL— IX. 6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK. With Plates X. and XI. PART II. 1899. 7. Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora, By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc. F R S With Plates XII.-:-XVL 8. Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY BELL, M.A. With figures on Plate XVI L and one figure in the text. 9. Holothurians. By F. P. BEDFORD, B.A. With figures on Plate XVII. 10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By Arthur E. Shipley, M.A. With Plate XVIII. 11. On the Solitary Corals. By J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. With figures on Plates XIX. and XX. 12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY GARDINER MA With figures on Plates XIX. and XX. 13. On a collection of Earthworms. By P^rank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S. With Plate XXL 14. The Gorgonacea. By ISA L. Hiles, B.Sc. With Plates XXII. and XXIII. PART III. 1899. 15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia, By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S With Plates XXIV. -XXV. and one text-figure. 16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By ARTHUR Willey, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab. With Plates XXVL— XXXII. and seven text-figiires. 17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E, Shipley. M.A. With Plate XXXI 1 1. PART IV. 1900. 18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coenopsammia from Lifu. By J. STANLEY Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonvilie and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate. 19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate. 20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A., Lecturer of Selwyn College, Cambridge. With four plates. 21. Report on the Slugs. By Walter E. CollingE, F.Z.S,, Mason College, Birmingham With two plates. 22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. PiiiLiPPS, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates. 23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By Laura Roscoe Thornely, University College, Liverpool. With one plate. 24. Astrosckra willey ana, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. LiSTER, M.A., St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates* 25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. P. Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate. 26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., Beyer Professor of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester. With two plates. 27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. ASHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College, Manchester. With two plates. PART V. 1900. 28. A Description of the Entozoa collected by Dr Willey during his sojourn in the Western Pacific, "^y ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A. With Plates LIV.— LVI. 29. On some South Pacific Nemertines collected by Dr Willey. By R. C. PUNNETT, With Plates LVIL— LXI. 30. On the Young of the Robber Crab. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A. With figures in the text. 31. Anatomy of Neohelia porcellana (Moseley). By Edith M. Pratt, M.Sc. With Plates LXI I. and LXI 1 1. 32. On a new Blind Snake from Lifu, Loyalty Islands. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S. With figures in the text. 33. On Crustacea brought by Dr Willey from the South Seas. By the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, F.R.S. With Plates LXIV.-LXXIV. PART VL 1902. 34. Contribution to the Natural History of the Pearly Nautilus. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, D.Sc, F.R.S. I. Personal Narrative. H. Special Contribution. With Plates LXXV.— LXXXIIL, a map and fifteen text-figures. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS aon&on: fetter lane, e.g. C F. CLAY, Manager \ BOUND 'Am" 9 ttKIV. or ^;«H. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3 9015 02630 5402 I Science LiWrarv QL l:l-': .'Sill:; li^^Sil ^jK. -;W -?ii:; m m -^03 J: ■W} m;