UC-NRLF 1 1 iiinii $B 7fl ID? Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/agricexperistatOObombrich LBOMBAY- Department of Agriculture .J cMiscellaneous j9^abl3rcat±ona y Annual report ofi the experimental work of the Dhulla Agricultural station. Annual report on the experimental work of the Ganeshkhind Botanical station. Annual report on the experimental work of the Mirpurkha's Agricultural station. Annual report on the experimental work of the Mangri Agricultural station and the Baramati Demons traU on station* Annual report on the experimental work of the Nadiad agricultural station. Annual report on the experimental work of the Poona Agricultural station including Kirkee civil dairy and Lanowli Agricul- tural station* Annual report on the experimental work of the Surat Agricultural station. 1906-1907 • .y>jFaiDr? low lAinssLtnaqxe e>: •nOXtBjg XBOJXDWOh ^sO .-!rtj-^:rc r:c- Lr.. lli^lBfi erid" lo >Iiov. adit lo 3{iow l£ -Jl ^ ' ■ .vooi-Doai i3cpaitmcnt of agiirultti^, / Uoinliaii. ANNUAL REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK OP THE DHULIA AGRICULTURAL STATION (West Khandesh District,. Deccan) FOR THE YEAR 1906-1907 BY F. FLETCHER, M.A, B.Sc, kt( ., .Depulij Direclur of A;)ricuUure. BOMBAY PRINTED AT THE G0VI:BNM1<:NT CENTRAL PRESS 190.7 [I'rkc— I'l ■ "/• od.\ OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. In England. E. A. Arnold, 41 & 48^ Maddox Street, Bond Street, W., London. Constable & Co., 10, Orange Street^ Lsicester Square, W. C, London. Grindlay & Co., 54, Parliament Street, S. W., London. Henry S. King" & Co., 65, Comhill, E. C, London. P. S. King" & Son, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W., London. Kegan Panl, Trench, Trnbner & Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Sobo, W., London. B. Qnaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W., London. T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C W. Thacker & Co., 2, ('reed Lane. London. E. C. B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Bread Street; Oxford. Deighton Bell & Co., Cambridge. On the Continent. Friedlander & Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin. Rudolf Haupt, Ilalle-a-S., Germany. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig. Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig. Ernest Leroux, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris. Martinns Nijhofif, The Hague. In India, Higginbotham & Co., Madras. V. Kalyanarama Iyer & Co., Madras. p. R. Rama lyar & Co , Madras. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta. W. Newman & Co., Calcutta. S. K. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta. R. Cambray & Co., Calcutta. Thacker & Co. (Ld.), Bombay. A. J. Combridge & Co., Bombay. Curator, Government Ceotral Book Depot, Bombay D. B. Taraporevala, Sons & Co., B)mi)ay. Sunder Pandurang, Bookseller, etc., J Bombay. Gopal Narayen & Co., Booksellers, et'.*., Bombay. N. B. Mathur, N. K. H. Press, AUahabad. iScpavtmtnt of asiirultmt, iUoinbaii. ANNUAL REPORT ON THK EXPERIMENTAL WORK OF THE DHULIA AGRIjyjJLTURAL STATION (West Ivhandesh District, Deccan) FOR THE YEAli 1906-1907 BY F. FLETCHEB, M.A, B.Sc, etc, . Veimty Director uf Agriculture. BOMBAY PRINTED AT THK GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS 1007 MAIS LIB, imn^ Vernacular names of crops, &c, mentioned in the report witli their Botanical and English equivalents. Botauical. English. Vernacular. Cereals. Andropogon sorgbmu var vulgare ... Peimisetum typlioideum Triticum sativum Hordeum vulgare Avena sativa Great millet Bulrush millet Wheat Barley Oats .., .JowAr (Mcthi, Gudghi, Chapti, &c.). Bdjri. Cahu (Moondi, Bansi, Bakshi, Kitha, Kempu- godbi. &c.). t>iltu, Jav. Pulses. Cajaiuis indicus CiecT arietininn Pbaseolus radiatua Pigeon-x)ea Gram Black gram Saidi beans ... Tur. Harbhara. Udid. Oilseeds. .Sesamum indicum Arachis hypogea Jr'esamum Groundnuts ... Til. BLuImu^. Fibre plants. Ciossypluin neglectum Do. indicum Do. herbaceam Do. birsatuiii Khdndesh cotton Hinganghat cotton Gujarat and Karnatak cotton . Diiiirwar — American cotton ... Kapns (.Tari, Va:dd5). Kapus (Eani). Kapai (Broach, Goghdri* Lalio, Kumpta). Vildyati-Hattj. Condiments. Capsicum fruitescens Chillies ... Mirchi. Sugar. .- acbbarum officinarum Sugarcane ... Us (Gul). Vegetables. fc'olanum melongena Do. tuberosum Hibiscus escnlentus Brinjal Potatoes Edible hibiscus ... Vangi. Batata. Bhendi. Fodders. Medicago sativa Lucerne . ... Alfalfa, Lasur.ghds. B 993— a ivi739i00 \ THE DHULIA AGRICULTURAL STATION, 1908-07. Established — 1905 ; North Zatittide — 21° 10'; East Eongi- tude — 75° 20' ; Etevatiou — 8M feet above sea level ; Soil — medium black; Average rainfall — 22' ^0" \ Temperature — maximum 114j° in May ; minimum 36° in January. Area—2^ acres. Stiperintendent — 1 Ir. Mohoniraj G . Atbalye. Season. < >% 1 June. July. ! 1 1 1 i t s '-i 0 i J Raiafall (1906-07) 1 II 0 0 / // 0 0 7 77 ! 5 C3 7 19 1 II 2 24 / II 0 16 / II .M / // 1 II / // 0 32 23 31 Average ... 0 03 0 00 3 90 5 7V 3 97 6 28 1 19 0 74 0 14 0 15 003 0 14 22 40 Temperature (1906-07)— Mean maximum 105° 108° 96° 91° 87° 88° 92° 91° 90° as° 88° 97° ... Mean minimum 67" 71° 71° 70° 67° 6S° 62° 50° 47° 45° 4(3° 55° ... 2. The monsoon began earlier than ususal. The germination of cotton sown after the first showers was checked to a certain extent by subsequent continuous and heavy downpours and the seedlings looked pale. In the first fortnight of July cotton gained a healthy appearance and gathered vigour. Later rains much interfered with the interculturing operations. Rains in August proved very injurious to early sown Bajri inasmuch as they washed off the inflorescence and left earheads grainless. The failure of October rains spoiled the grain formation of Tur and caused a partial loss of the crop. On the whole the season was favourable to cotton and Jowar, but less so to Bajri and Til and still less to Tur and late Jowar varieties. It was also very favourable to insect life. There were several generations of harmful cotton pests, root worms and borers, all of which did considerable damage to the food crops. B 9&3— 1 Manurial Experiments. 3. The chief work of the station is the improvement of the local cotton. Incidentally a few manurial experiments were made. These consisted in the treatment of (1) cotton with ammonium sulphate, farm-yard manure and lime in comparison with no manure and of (2) wheat with ammonium sulphate and farm-yard manure separately and with both combined. In the case of cotton the quantity of farm-yard manure applied was adjusted in such a way that its cost was kept nearly equal to that of the special fertilizer. The results arc as below : — Area. Variety of Cotton. Drill. Avorage per Acre. Namber of plot. Manure applied. Yield of seed cotton. Value of 1 Cost of produce, jeultivation Not profit. 2 8a 3& 24c ... 0 30 020 0 20 0 10 1 oO None Farm-yard mannro 7J ton.s AnrtEonitim Sulphate 1 ewt. ... Slaked lime 3,100 lbs Ll)s. 740 90S 714 40G Rs. a. p.l Bs. a. p. 67 4 4 21 9 .T 82 8 9 , 32 10 0 CI 14 6 j 30 8 2 S6 14 6 28 4 C Rs. a. p. 45 10 11 49 14 9 £3 G 4 8 10 0 Ammonium sulphate prolongs the vegetative period and so the late formed bolls remain imperfectly developed and do not open freely in the succeeding cold season. In the above results farm-yard manure has shown a decided advantage over ammonium sulphate, which fact is corroborated in the following results of j wheat experiments : — Serial uvmbci of wheat pl«!t.. Ana. 1 Variety of wheat. Average per Acre. «■ Manure applied. Number of waterings. 1 Quantity of V uter. Yield of grain. StBlkB and chaff. Value of prodii. 21 22 23 21 15 26 .J 0 1- 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ■1 1 1 Ammoninm Sulphate 1 cwt. ... Fanrryard manure 5 tons and Aocmoniura Sulphate 1 cwt. ... Farmyard manure u tons Ammonium Sulphate 1 cwt. Farm-yard manure 5 tous and Ammoninm Sulphate 1 cwt. ... Fann-ynrd mamiro r> ion.s [ 4 1 J 1 j C. ft. r 8.3,2(0 -?' 1 I r 109 120 \ 1 I. Ll).s. SOO 336 COO m 810 f^SO Lbs. C80 C80 880 1,380 1,.'?20 1.400 Rs. 9^ 15 14H 17 159 27 119 40 2 2 41 9 7 43 Ij s I Rotation Experioients. 4. No permanent rotation series has yet been introduced here. However the distribution of this year's crops was done in accordance with local rotations. The results obtained are given below : — • Average per Acre. Xunibcv The crop rotated. of plot. Area. Previous crops. Principal By Value of product. product. produce. A. g. Lhs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. 2 0 30 Jowdr ... ... Cotton 74:0 ... 67 4 4 U 0 20 O'Bajri \ ii Gram failed ] Do. ... 993 ... 90 8 8 Via 0 10 Bdori Gram 160 188 7 14 Vih 0 10 Udid Do. lOi 160 4 12 9 12c 0 10 Fallow Do. 276 376 12 8 0 Mi 0 1 Jowar Wheat 080 1,160 33 0 0 VJii 0 1 Bdjri Do. 880 1,800 44 3 2 Ylixi 0 1 Fallow Do. 920 1,880 46 3 2 The results indicate that Bajri is preferable to Jowiir as a preparation for cotton and irrigated wheat and that a dry-crop of gram can also be more nrofitably grown after kharif Bdjri than after Udid. ■ The following table shows results of simultaneous rotations of Udid, Jowitr, Til and Tur :— riot. Area. Crop. Average per Acre. Prlucipal. Subordinate. Seed rate. Principal product. By product. Taluc of produce. Cost of cultivation. A. g. i ""■ " ■ Lbs. LbB. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Ub 0 2) Udid Jowar as spiiukling ... j- Udid 6 lbs. ... ljowar2lbs. ... 412 1,374 480 3,270 l64 15 8 28 12 8 2oa 0 23 Jowar Udid mixed r Jow4r 6 lbs. ... Iudid21bs. .,. 1,408 60 5,690 HO ■SO 7 0 28 7 3 256 0 20 Po. 2 rows of Udid after every 4 rows of Jowar. r Jowar 6 lbs ... \udid 2 lbs. ... 1,274 64 4,860 260 j.53 » . 17 0 8 20 0 20 Do. Alone Jowur 8 lbs. 1,303 6,256 54 15 8 19 13 10 21tf 0 20 Til Tur mixed J Til 4 lbs. (Tur 8 lbs. 408 252 324 |46 10 0 20 14 4 Ub CO Do. 2 rows of Tur after c\cry 1 rows of Til. ( Til 1. lbs, (TurSlbs. 692 72 108 H = * 18 6 4 A mixed crop of Udid with Jowar as a sprinkling appears to be more productive than any other mixture or Jowar alone, and Til and Tur in separate rows appears to be better than both grown mixed. Cultural Experiments. 5. Wide and narrow drilling and thinning of cotton were tested with the following results : — Plat, Arc«. Crop. DriU. Tillase. A. g. 0 20 0 20 (-Mumdcsh cot-) (21" ) Plo A ton, I 2 f p 20 CDhu:iasced..J CIS" 3 J? Treatir.ent, Seed cotton. Average per Acre. jpcrceiit- ! age : of fibre Value of Cost of I to seed produce, cultivation.! cotton. 0 20 I r Khjlndcsh cot- ) ( 1 8" ^ 0 20 i (Choixiasccd.M I 118" / PloDghcd for ^^ji„^^j ^,rti. uarily, fThijincd to 4' < in rows. I Not lliinncd. pre V 1 o u p ram Harrowed only Lbs. ^ 82t I 99o BjO 842 Bs. a. p. I Bs. a. p. 74 11 6 f 15 15 90 8 8 I 17 7 2 77 1 4 ' 22 0 8 76 8 8 i 18 3 4 371 36-3 40-4 New Crops. 6. East African Bajri^ Virginia groundnuts, barley and alfafa lucerne were the new crops tried this year. Of these East African B^jri and Virginia groundnuts were successful and yielded at twice the rate of the local varieties. The grain of the former is however inferior, but it is thought that the variety will be useful for breeding purposes. Barley and oats were grown under irrigation simultaneously with wheat on small half guntha plots. The crops took 6 months and did not mature properly, yielding very poorly. Saidi beans were grown after Bajri on a small 5 guntha plot. The seed was sown after wetting the land. Germination was good and two more waterings were given afterwards. But the crop after standing li months gradually got rusted inspite of the removal of diseased plants and died away altogether, yielding no '• grain. The four varieties of Turkestan Alfalfa (lucerne) were grown to test their drought-resisting property, but they were not found superior to the ordinary variety. 5 The seeds germinated evenly and plants did well till September when they showed signs of drying. Afterwards the crop was irrigated whenever the plants appeared to require it, care being taken not to supply water unless it was absolutely necessary to keep them alive. Till November the crop was poor, but afterwards in the cold season it flourished. The detailed results are tabulated below : — Average per acre. Plot. Area. Crop, Principal product. By product. Value of produce. A, g. a. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. 19 0 5 0' Bull nish millet 2,240 6,248 68 8 0 21a 0 15 5 Virginia groundnuts 2,157 4,129 118 11 1 21d 0 9 5 Local groundnuts 1,128 4,501 62 12 7 14 0 0 5; Barley ,., 145 2,880 0 0 5 Oats 260 1,040 ...I*. A i 1 i ^ • ii (» • .T • • - A* . 2.^ A statement showing dates of sowing and irrigating the crop of Lucerne is given below : — Crop. Date of sow* ing. Dates of waterings. Weight of crop. i\ No. 13331 13999 18391 18425 Name. Ist. 2nd. 3rd. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th. 9th. 10th. Ist. 2ad. Id A. g. a. 0 15-! S ^ I i i i i CI 1 i 3 Lbs. r 19 26 22 L 27 Lbs. 50 57 83 58 Varietal Experiments. 7. Several varieties of Jowar, Biijri, cotton and wheat were grown for comparison and the results are as follows : — Area. Crop. Average per acre. Plot. i By product. Name. Variety. Principal product. Value of produce. i Stalks. Chaff. A. g. 1 Lbs. Lbs. Lb. Us. a. p. lU 0 20) 0 205 Rijri ( Nacluid 814 2,720 ... 34 8 0 Hi } Local 853 1,710 ... 30 12 3 10 1 0 Cottoa Bani 27G ••• ... 25 1 0 15 1 0 Do. ... Comilla .. 325 ,,, 40 10 0 36 1 0 Do. Khdndesh 987 ... ... 89 11 8 c 0 3 Do. «•> Broach 80 ... ... 8 0 0 21? 0 3 Do. Kumtha 66 • •« ... 6 9 7 ( 0 3 Do. ... GoghAri 93 ... ... 9 4 9 2ea 0 20) 0 20) Jowdr ( Motlii 1,302 5,840 416 54 15 8 26i -U Gudgbi > 906 5,120 320 37 12 10 The results of wheat are as under : — Average per acre. Plot. Area, Name of VVlicat, Wdterings. Grain, Straw and chaff. Value of produce. A. g. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. 0 1 Mooudi 1,275 1,8pcr ... PiLk boll worm Cotton bud worm ... Wire worms D->. Lu:.inodes Orbonalis . Jaasidaj family Cblorida Obgoleta ... Brinjal Cotton Do Do Roots of chillies . Do. o£ ground- nuts. Picking, Spraying with keroshio emulsion. Bhendi as t:ap. 5 6 \ Allow them to col- j lect undt-r pieces of f potato placed near 1 plants and then J destroy them. In addition to the insect pests there were attacks of fungoid diseases. American cottons — both annual and perennial — suffered much from rust, while the crop of Saidi beans totally succumbed to rust, though the diseased plants were removed as they appeared. Some damage was done to the cotton crop by wilt. 12. Irrigational. These experiments were conducted on several varieties of wheat with the object of determining the quantity of irrigation required to produce the heaviest crop. The results are given in the following statement. It will be seen that the produce of wheat grain has varied in many cases according to the quantity of water and that later waterings produced distinct effects on produce. Moondi has yielded highest for each particular amount of irrigation. B C93--3 10 Moo.idi wheat. Bakshi wheat. Xo. of water- Quantity of water in cable feet. ■ Yield per asrci Value of produce. Y ield per acre. Value of piodnco. /•i„,!„ i^'traw and ^'^^'»- cliaff. Grain. Lbs. 560 440 147 192 Straw and chaff. 5 4 3 1 91,424 64,960 47,010 16,800 Lbs, 1,275 1.20O 605 381 Lbs. 1,800 1,280 1,380 720 Rs., .1. p. 6t 6 11 68 9 2 33 3 0 20 2 31 Lbs. 1,7?0 1,280 S60 5&3 Rs. a. p. 31 14 n 24 11 9 10 15 2 10 13 2 Bansi wheat. Kitha wheat. Ke;npu Godi. No. of « ater- Quantity of water in cubic feet. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Yield per acre. Value of produce. ) Grain. ■ Straw and chaff. Grain. Straw and chaff. Grain. Stiaw and chaff. 5 4 3 1 91,424 64,900 47,040 16,800 Lbs. 800 695 389 277 Lbs. 1,320 840 640 520 Rs. a. p. 39 H 11 33 2 6 19 6 4 14 2 2 Lbs. 1,120 702 4G1 463 Lbs. 1,760 1,210 680 6 to Rs. a. p. 53 9 8 31 4 4 21 13 7 21 11 11 Lbs. 372 192 185 175 Lbs. 6S0 460 420 320 Rs. a. p. 18 4 10 10 0 0 9 8 0 8 9^ New Implement g. 13. The only new implement that received trial was made winnower. far I m- The machine is economically useful only when there are no natural winds or when these are uncertain. It can winnow about 3,000 lbs. of grain in a day of 9 hours costing per day 8 to 12 annas. Experiments made off the Station. 14, The sugarcane crop near Chalisgaon belonging to Mr. Garud was treated with the following nitrogenous fertilizers, viz^t ammonium sulphate and sodium nitrate singly as well as in com- bination with different quantities of farm-yard manure. The special manures were applied in two doses — one before and the other after the first rainfall. 11 The I'esults are tabulated in the following statement. Field No. Plot No. Area. Maimve applied per acre. Nitro- gen sup- plied in Outturn of Qui. Value of Gul per acre. llemarks. manure Acre. Gun- Fjrm-ytCl-d ' Chemical p?racre. Per Per thas. manure. manure. plot. acre. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Lbs. Lbs. (■ 1 ... 10 100 Cartloads.' 2fil ..."^ - 1 i» 300 972.^ 3,890 307 15 4 Like last year Am- monium Sulphate 2 ... 10 50 Do. ...,400 ... rSrt 232 1.659^ 6,638 525 8 1 has apparently !■{ J-g-p. acted as preventive 1 3 ... 10 75 Do. ... - Ill 307 1,496^ 5,936 473 14 3 against white ants ; for plot 1 was con- L 4 ... 10 1()0 Do. ...! 40O ...)'' i 382 229 916 72 8 S siderably damaged by white ants and the rest were free. r 1 1 ... li^ 100 Cartloads. 40O ..."i 1 342 1,037^ 4,150 328 8 8 There was no attack of white ants in 1 2 10 50 Do. ...' 40(1 ... S« 192 861 3,456 273 9 7 any of these four 2^ \-a^ plots. 1 3 ... 10 75 Do. ... 4fJ0 ... |o^ 1 0D« ■2G7 465 1,860 149 14 2 1 L 4 ... 10 100 Do. ... Nil ...J j 3:o 3181 1,275 100 15 0 Farm-yard manure •5 per cent. Nitrogen, Ammonium Sulpbjite .' ... 20-5 S " odium Nitrate ... ... 1 0-5 .. »i Poona^ \ September 1907.^ F. FLETCHER, Deputy Director of Agriculture. BOMBAY: IKINTKD AT THIS GOVERNMEJJT CEXTEAL I'EJiSS. '« -w^'WIWi nrj tra I v.i, 151937 (^ u u u Heyartment of ^grituUuit/ /iSomfaaB. ANNUAL REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK OF THE GANESHKHIND BOTANICAL vSTATION (Poona District, Deccan) FOR THE YEAK 1906-1907 BY G. A GAVIMIE; F.LS, etc., Economic Botanist. \ V, O M V> A Y PHINTED AT THE GO\"EUNMENT CENTRAL TRESS 1907 iPrice — 5a. or 6d.] OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. In England, E. A. Arnold, 41 & 43^ Maddox Street, Bond Street, W., Loadon. Constable & Co., 10, Orange Street^ Leicester Square, W. C, London. Grindlay & Co., 54, ParKament Street, S. W., London. Henry S. King & Co., 65, Cornhill, E. C, London. P. S. King & Son, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W., London. Kegan Panl, Trencli, Triibner & Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, W., London. B. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W., London. T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C. W. Thacker & Co., 2, Oeed Lane-. London, E. C. B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Broad Street; Oxford. Deighton Bell & Co., Cambridge. On the Continent. Friedlander & Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin. Rudolf Haupt, Ilalle-a-S., Germany. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig. Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig. Ernest Leroux, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris. Martinus NijhoflT, The Hague. In India, Higginbotham & Co., Madras. V. Kalyanarama Iyer & Co., Madras. p. R. Rama lyar & Co , Madras. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta. W. Newman & Co., Calcutta. S. K. Lahiri & Co., CalcutA^. R. Cambray & Co., Calcutta. Thacker & Co. (Ld.), Bombay. A. J. Combridge & Co., Bombay. Curator, Government Central Book Depot, Bombay. D. B. Taraporevala, Sons & Co., Bombay. Sunder Pandurang, Bookseller, etc., Bombay. Gopal Narayen & Co., Booksellers, etc., Bombay. N. B. Mathur, N. K. H. Press, Allahabad. iScjpartment of Slgrftulttire, ^omba^. ANNUAL, REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK OF THE GANESHKHIND BOTANICAL STATION " ^ (Poona District, Deccan) FOR THE YEAR 1906-1907 BY G. A GAMMIE, F.LS., etc., Sconomic Botanist. BOMBAY PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS 1907 THE GANESfiKHIND BOTANICAL STATION, 190S-1907. Ee'established—ldOi; North latitude — 15° 30'; JEJcist longi^ tude — TS'^oO'; Elevation — 1,850 foet above sea level; Soil — reddish alluvial deep loam and modium black ; Average rainfall — 32 laches ; Tempemtm^e—va^ximwoa 109° minimum 45° in January. Area — 80 acres. Curator — Mr. G. B. Patwardhan. m May, •< i i I 1 i 1 >5 1 1 1 3 S / II 1 II / // / // , „ / 11 ' // / // 1 II / // / .'/ Haiafall (1900-1907) 3 31 ... 8 73 4 GO 3 08 1S2 0 43 2 05 0 1 ... 0 IS 0 3 25 85 Average 0 88 1 31 0 02 8 53 4 77 1 33 5 13 0 48 0 31 0 01 0 10 0 02 31 92 Temperaturo (1908-1907)— Mean niaximuin 103° 101" 88° 82" 82° 83° eo° 80° 80° 87° 90° 80° ... Moan rainiinuni 07° 72° 72° 71° Ga° 67° 03° 5S° 55° 53° 5a° 01° ... History. 2. The Botanical Garden at Ganeshkhind was established in 1873 and attached to it was a smaller garden at Hivra in the Junnar taluka. The principal object of these gardens was to supply the Medical Department with drugs. In 1872-1873 the outturn of the garden included 700 lbs. of senna, 1,300 lbs. of henbane, and 1,036 lbs. of dandelion. In the same year experiments were made with various artifi- cial manures — nitro-phosphate, citrate, dissolved bones, nitrate of soda, hop manure and superphosphate. In 1873-1874 experiments were made with European artificial manures, but the result was not satisfactory. It was proved that silt from the drains of the Poona City is a valuable manure, at least equal for one year's crop to dung from oil-cnke-fed cattle. B 989—1 Experiments were also being made in the cultivation of cork- oak trees, but they ultimately proved unsuccessful. Experiments were also made on the growth of fibre for paper. In 1874-1875 the area under tillage was 57 acres, 7 of which were watered » It was ascertained that prickly-pear made a valuable manure if it was left to rot in a cistern, through which the water of an irrigation channel was led. A fairly successful attempt was made to grow vanilla. Elax was also grown of fair quality, but of excessive dearness. In 1875-1876 the most important new introductions were Balsamocarpon h^evifoUum — a plant yielding pods useful in tanning, and the Liberian coffee. Cereal crops were raised with a view to selecting the seed. JH In 1876-1877 experiments in the production of tasar silk were continued. In 1877-1878 experiments were carried on with mahogany trees, the seed of which had been sent from Kew Gardens and planted in 1874. The trees could be established if well watered during the first two years. The blue gum tree {Eucalyptus globulus) was found to thrive well for 4 or 5 years and then to die off. Cinchona died in the hot season if planted out. Taraxacum was grown with success. The tasar silk experiments were not satisfactory. In 1878-1879 it was decided by Government that the Gardens should be constituted the recognized chief botanic* gardens of the Presidency, and that arrangements should be made for forming in them as complete a collection as possible of the local plants of Western India, a herbarium of which was to be kept perma- nently on the spot along with a selected library of diagrams and botanical works of reference. Botanical teaching was begun at the end of Eebruary 1879 by means of lectures at the Gardens and at the College of Science and Deccan College. Experiments witli ^^ankin cotton showed that it could not be profitably grown in the Deccan. In 1879-1880 a room was partially fitted as a herbarium. Experiments with the thornless prickly-pear, a favourite food, when skinned, for cattle, showed that it grows freely as a fence. The yield of the foraire grass {Euchlcena Juxurians) seemed nearly the same as that of Guinea grass, A crop sown in November and cut in April gave 16 tons per acre of green forage at one I 'cutting. Experiments Avitli lucerno grass soemod to prove the 8 French variety superior to the acclimatised. The plant was quite as vigorous, the stalk was more delicate and the seed was only half the weight. In 1880-1881 a numher of full grown specimens of AlUzzla procera, which had heen transplanted in the cold season o£ 1878- 1879, showed satisfactory results. In 1881-1882 a mangosteen plant from Singapore died from cold in November. Potatoes received from the Secretary of State grew surj^risingly well. In May ' 1882 the oarob tree yielded a crop of fully SO pounds weight of pods, the greater part of which were equal in size to the imported pods. The herbarium building was altered and repaired and numer- ous specimens were added. Experiments were made in collecting the India rubber-yield- ing milky sap of the Cryptostegiagrandiflora,di.hQ2iuiiivlG\imh(^v. As the plants could not bear tapping more than twice a year, the yearly acre outturn would be 24 pounds of coutchouc. (Extract Gazetteer.) Season. 3. The south-west monsoon was satisfactory and the cold weather fall was less than what is usually expected. An excess of rain fell in the hot weather, 3*31 inches being registered during the month of April. The total raiufall recorded in the gauge was 25*85 inches. Distribution of Soils. 4. The river Mula forms the northern boundary of the Garden, and the plots lying on its bank — 7, 8, 9, 10, il, lower part of 15. and IG — are composed of a great depth of reddish alluvial loam deposited by the successive annual floods. This is an ideal soil for the growth of a great variety of trees and other plants many of which refused to grow on the black soil, A large quantity of this soil is also used for mixing in flower beds, and it is found that vegetables can only be successfully grown on black soil after a licavy admixture of this alluvium. The plot marked " Banana " on the right is very lo#-lying and is often deeply flooded. It is now utihzed for the growth of jute. Plots No. 14 and the upper parts of 15, 16 are of very inferior murum soil, and attempts are being made to use the worst patches for the cultivation of fodder grasses and fibre plants. The remainder of the Garden is inter- 4 from 2 feet upwards, mediate black soil, rangins^ in depth becoming deeper to the northward. Indigenous Trees and Shrubs. 5. Specimen plants in Botanical Section No. 7 are doing well, with the exception of a certain number which are intolerant of drought, and these have been transferred to more suitable positions in the Garden. Rubber Experiments. 6. Ceara, — The average increment in girth of the first set ol' trees planted in July 1903 is 1''27 inches and that of the second sot planted in August 1904!, 3 inches in the 12 months under report. The heights of these vary from about 15 feet to 30 feet. Tho following table shows the progressive increments : — First set Second set. Year. ITcidit. 1901-1905 1905-1906 1906-1907 ] Ft. incbej ,| 4 9 I 5 2'5 Girth. Inche?. 2-75 2'! 1-27 Height. Girth. Ft. Incbes. 1-25 2-5 3 In July a plot of about half an acre was selected and planted with 892 seedlicgs, 6 by 6 feet apart. These are making satisfactory progress without irrigation, and a glance at the plot would convince one regarding the irregularity of groAvth in height of tlie Ceara rubber plant in general. The plants here vary from 2 feet to 8 feet in height and some of the best are equal in girth to 3-year old plants in plot No. 11. The majority of our plants have been transplanted into the plot and wo find that the check caused by this method retards growth in the plants for a considerable time. We find that by sowing filed seeds in situ no retardation of growth occurs in the first year and the plants are not so suscep- tible to drought. This is an important factor in the cultivation of Ceara in the Daccan, because in black soil it is exceedingly intolerant of long-continued moisture. During spells of cold nights the leading shoots often die; on recovering, the plants throw out forkc^d branches, thus marring their sy*mmetry. In order to arrive quickly at some definite conclusion regarding the advisa- bility or otherwise of extending the cultivation of Ceara in the Deccan and Karnatak we have distributed seeds to Agricultural Teachers in all Training Colleges and also to Head Masters of High Schools and to a few others interested in agricultural experiments who have promised to furnish periodical reports on the results attained by them. 7, Ci'yptostegia grandijlora. — A sample of this rubber was forwarded to the Imperial Institute in order that its quality and commercial value should be ascertained. The report received runs as follows : — '* The sample weighed aboufc 13 ounces and consisted of a large porous lump of rubber which had been formed apparently by the aggregation of thin sheets and scrap. It was dark coloured, slightly sticky, and contained a considerable quanitity of vegetable and mineral impurities. The rubber exhibited very fair elasticity and tenacity. Results of examination, ^' The rubber was examined in the Scientific and Technical Department of the Imperial Institute and found to have the following percentage composi- tion : — Moisture ... ... ... 3*6 Caoutchouc (true rubber) ... ... 64*3 Resin ... ... ... 101 Albuminoid matter ... ... 7*9 Insoluble matter (including ash) ... 14' 1 Ash ... ... . ... 8-22 '•' The percentages of resin and albuminoid matter are both -a little high, but the chief defect of the rubber is the presence of the large amount of insoluble matter consisting of vegetable and mineral impurities. The presence of mineral impurity points to the contamination of the rubber, possibly the scrap rubber present in the sample^ by contact with the soil, and precautions should be taken to avoid this in future, The percentage of caoutchouc is rather low, but this is chiefly due to the excessive amount of the impurities contained in the present sample. " Two specimens of the rubber of Cryptostegia grandiflora from India were examined at the Imperial Institute in 1903. A specimen forwarded by the Secretary of the Agri- Horticultural Society, Teynampett, Madras, was analysed and the dry material was found to contain 7*9 per cent, of resin and 2*6 per cent, of insoluble impurity. A second sample from Jalaun, which was rather inferior in physical characters, contained 9 0 percent, of resin and 6*5 per cent, of: insoluble impurity. Both these specimens therefore contained less resin and insoluble impurity than the present sample from Bombay. The amount of resin in the rubber varies with the age of the plants, a large percentage being present in the product frcm young vines. Commercial valuation. '^ A sample of the rubber was submitted for valuation to brokers who reported that it was rather sticky and slightly heated and would be worth 85, Qd, per pound in London at the present time. For comparison with this 6 valuation it raay be stated that the current value of fine bard Para from South America (the market standard for price) was bs. ^d. per pound. Conclnsions and recommendations. " The investi^-ation has shown that this sample of the rubber of Cr9/ptostegia grandiflora from Bombay is of very fair quality, and there is little doubt that the carefully prepared product would sell readily in the market at remunei*ativo prices. The elimination of the vegetable and mineral impurities would consi- derably improve the quality of the rubber. '' In view of the statement that lar^e supplies of this rubb^^r are available it is suggested that a trial consignment of one or two hundredweights should be prepared and forwarded to the Imperial Institute for sale in London so that its commercial value can be definitely ascertained." 8. Gastilloa elastica. — After another year's experience and observation this plant has proved to be absolutely unsuitable for the Deccan and, in company with JECevea hrazlliemis, it is simply grown under shelter as a natural curiosity. 9. The plants of Funtumia elastica referred to in last year's report under the synonym of Kickxia africana are in perfect health. Their growth is now remarkably slow and this is said to be a characteristic of the plant. Conflicting reports are published on the value of the rubber produced by this plant, but the general concensus of opinion in India seems to be that the plant is not worth growing, 10. Ficiis elastica. — We have one young specimen, and the following interesting information was received from the Reporter on Economic Products to the Government of India, on a sample of rubber produced by the parent of this plant in the Empress Gardens, which is approximately 20 years old. It is gratifying to hear that this Assam rubber plant, which would thrive admirably in the Konkan near rivers, produces a rubber more valuable than that collected in its native country. '' Here are some figures of the proportion of resin to caoutchouc in the latex of Ficm eladica grown in Java : — Soebang, 35 years old Buitenzorg, 15 )} 10 „ Tjiandjoer, 0 „ Tjipetir, ^> .> Blitar, 6 „ i) 12 „ Resin. Caoutchouc 4-9 95-1 8-3 91-7 6-.X 93-9 8-9 911 9^3 90-7 20-9 79-1 13-1 86-9 Liiigasaiiaj 7(?) years old » 12(?) 55 Moga, 8 if if 12 if Simpar, 9 >t 12 13 91 Resui. Caoutcho ... 5-9 94-1 ... 5-3 9i-7 ... 13-1 86-9 ... 11-5 88-5 . 170 880 ... 13-0 87-0 ... 12-4 87'(5 '• These places are arjaiiged in inereaslDg' altitude above sea level : the author ihowing by them that altitude increases the resin, but you see from them how lo-e decreases it. " I am trying to get materials for working this out in India. -^ "Your rubber contains much less resin than the trees of the Government plantation of Assam. ^' 11. The following rubber samples were collected and are exhibited in the Garden Museum : — Manihot Glaziovii (Ceara rubber). Hevea braziliensis (Para rubber). Castilloa elastica (Central American rubber). Crypfcostegia grandiflora. Ficus elastica (India rubber). Fibre Experiments. 12. J2tte. — This was tried on two plots — the first situated on ligh ground and heavily manured with poudrette and the other n low unmanured ground inundated twice during the con- inuance of the crop. The seed was received from the Director f Agriculture, Bengal, and the cultivation and extraction of the ibre was conducted under the advice of a Mahomeden jute ixpert cultivator from Bengal. The results of the trial are given Q the table below. Early sowing was considered an important actor in the cultivation of the crop and the current year's experi- lents are arranged accordingly. No final opinion can of course •e arrived at through one year's experience but the trial seemed mrthy of repetition. A preliminary note on the cultivation f jute was drawn up from instructions given and carried by the Xpert and embodying the experience ol its cultivation at the *oona, MciQJri, Bassein and Lanowli Stations and subsequently orrected by Mr. Einlow, Jute Expert to the Government of !]astern Bengal and Assam, and is placed on record for future uidance. It is given below : — Note on the cultivation of Jute in the Beccaii. Soil and situation, — The medium black soil of the Deocan on moderately igh ground is excellent ; that at the Ganeshkhind Botanical Gardnes is 8 typical. The alluvial (red) soil formed of the debris washed from the western hill ranges is also suitable Sandy soils of Bassein and its vicinity are also good, provided they are on high level ground. Small stones lying about on the surface will not be harmful and even stones of the size of an ordinary lemon will not matter at all. In all cases level ground so situated as to ensure good drainage should always be selected. [Climatic influences have also to be taken into account, — R. S. F.] Preparation and manuring, — The land should be well ploughed and cross-ploughed in Fdlgun (February-March) and the weeds, rubbish, hiinda, etc., collected and destroyed. It should be left open to atmospheric influences for about 20 to 30 days and in Chaitra (March- April) it should be dressed with manure. Any ordinary manure such as stable refuse, farm-yard manure, will do. Poudretta is very good. Costly manures such as oil-cakes are not needed. It should be broad-casted into the furrows made by the ploughings. The field should then be levelled and covered over by means of a light maind or sarmr. The quantity of manure required for any soil would depend upon its suitability for jute. Best soils require one cart-load per higha (25,312 square feet, a little more than half an acre). About 6 cart-loads per acre are absolutely necessary for inferior soils. [I think many soils would require more manure than this. Five tons per acre of farm-yard manure is common. — R. S. F.] A large quantity is said to kill the young jute seedlings by its ^* souring '' effect.- [This may hold as regards the Deccan. It is not quite correct with reference to Bengal. — R. S. F.] It is absolutely necessarj'' to manure every land, however superior it may happen to be, for no jute will prosper even in the best lands without a dressing of manure. As a rotation j crop to sugar-cane fields it wUl answer well, provided it be manured. Sowing, — In the month of Vaishdkh (April-May) the land should be irrigated thoroughly. In about 4 or 5 days thereafter, the land will have become sufficiently dry to allow of the working the harrow or a light dantal with which furrows should be made length- ways and cross- ways. The surfac soil at this time should be such that, if crushed between the fingers, it should not stick to them. The furrows made by the implements in use here (pdbhar, etc.) are at a distance of 9 inches. The Bengal implement used for this purpose makes small furrows at a distance of about 2 inches. In the absence of similar implements the necessity of cross-furrows with such as are locally available is evident in order to secure an even distribution of seeds. The seed is broad- casted in those furrows and then covered over by running th3 kulav or a light leveller. The seed rate is 2J seers per acre, [6-9 lbs. per acre is tht normal rate. Early sowing is a powerful factor in determining the sucjcjss o\ a crop. Experimental crops in Behdr sown in July have not been a suecesj but those sown in March and even as late as May have. Obviously the tini: of sowing depends on rainfall or irrigation. — R. S. F.] Weeding and thinning, — The seed will germinats in 3 or 4 days. Ii about a month the seedlings will grow 10-1 1. inches high. The field shoul( now be weeded and seedlings thinned out. Only the overcrowded plant should be removed, leaving a space of about 1-1 J inches round cacl plant. Blanks may now be filled by transplanting from the thicker an« crowded portion. At this time the land may be irrigated if deemed necessary/ j Generally plants, 9 inches high and above, do not require much watering a 9 they are then capable of obtaining it by their roots. Another thinning when about 3 feet high is needed, and with it weeding should also be done. This time the plants should be thinned 3 inches clear, which provides space to grow to a girth of 4 inches or more. If at this time the soil is cracked, or seems to want watering, the field may be irrigated. By AshMh (June-July) they will be upto 13-15 feet. [I think weeding and thinning operations are of great importance. I think the distance between any two plants should not be less than 3-4 inches and the final thinning should be done when the plants are less than 3 feet high. Rather less than 1 foot would be better. I believe that early thinning is a considerable advantage. — R, S. F.] Flooding;. — Jute seedlings will not stand flooding when young and will certainly die if covered by water. When they grow up to about 5 feet high no harm will be caused by floods which usually soon abate. If the land selected is likely to be flooded, sowing should be put off till the chance of inundation is over. [If the plant has reached 5 feet before the flood it will probably not come to harm if it is inundated even though the water remains some time. The fibre becomes coarse in the latter case. — R. S. F.] Flowering, — The jute flowers in Shrdvan (July- August). It flowers simultaneously at this time in all localities. If the sowings are late the plants will still flower in Shr^van. Hence it is advisable to obtain the best possible development of bark tissue before the flowering season by sowing in good time. Cutting. — The plants are ready to cut for fibre when just about to flower. [The Burdw^n results indicate that a better yield of excellent fibre is obtained by cutting the plant when the fruits are just set. This also may be tried. — R. S. F.] They should be cut close to the ground by means of a sickle which has small teeth in the bend. The plants should on no account be pulled cue ; thereby the outer skin of the root interferes with the bark at the time of the latter^s removal. The sticks should now be tied into small sheaves or bundles, which should be immediately put in standing water. In no case should the bundles be left to dry or neglected before putting in water. Betting, — After about one week a trial test should be made to ascertain whether the bark is ready for removal. For this one stick should be taken out and held between the thumb and the next two fingers and tightly drawn between them from top to bottom ; this removes all the cellular matter which may have undergone complete putrefication. The thick or lower end of the stalk should now be held in the left hand and attempt should be made to loosen the bark at the tip ; if it has become sufficiently retted, it will come off very easily. This should now be stripped off by a small jerk or pull. It should oj} now be stirred or waved in water, by which the undesirable constituents are washed away, leaving the fibre alone. If the bark is found soft and the fibre easily washed clear and is wliite and shining, then the whole lot may be considered ready to undergo the same treatment. If not, they should be lef-t another day or two and again tested as before. Every day tests should be taken till it seems ready. Usually the bundles are ready for manipulation in from 8 to 14 days. Oversteeping weakens the fibre, which crumbles to pieces, and under- aii^ steeping causes it to become hard and dark ; so the utmost attention should be maintained on the retting process and every day tests should be made. [In B 9S9— 2 10 many eases the sticks are allowed to lie in such a way on the ground after cutting that while the leafy tops are exposed most of the stem is hidden. In this way the leaves are and can be shaken off; the upper branched portion of the stem is then cut away and the plant is immersed. They remain thus until the retting process has commenced in the lower portion after which the plants are completely immersed. In this way there is even retting throughout the plant ; if the practice is not carried out the softer upper portion of the plant is often overretted by the time the lower portion is finished.— R. S. F.] Extracting fibre. — All the fibre is extracted and washed in the manner described for the test sticks. The bark on separating from the wood should never be beaten wifh a wooden mallet, as is done for the ambddi (Hibiscus eannabinns) fibre. That spoils the jute fibre. It should only be stirred and washed in water to extricate all the intervening cellular matter. Drying, — The wet fibre should be hung on horizontal lengths of bamboos in the open air for drying. The knots of these bamboos must have been made smooth. The fibre should not be hung on a string. The bamboo admits of spreading of the fibres at the points of suspensions, which facilitates thorough drying, while on the string the fibres are apt to collect into groups whicli retard drying 'and blacken the fibre. J Crop on rainfall alone, — Jute can also be grown successfully without irrigation, provided the ante-monsoon rains in the earlier part of May soak the soil well after it has been made ready, manured, etc., in the manner described above. Soon after the seeds should be sown. Subsequent rains in a normal season do generally fall at the proper times and the crop becomes a success. Indeed, it was grown this year in the Ganeshkhind Gardens without irrigation and the showers came on when it was just arranged to irrigate the field, the plants being then about 4 feet high. Varieties of jute. — The following are varieties of jute : — Dhavla Sunder ... The stalks of this are white. Kajali ... The stalks are red. Hatia ... Stalks are brownish green. Bidda Sunder ... Stalks and leaves are red. The white-stalked variety is considered to yield the best fibre. [Opinion differ widely about this in different districts. — R. S. F.] The peculiarity of the jute plant seems to be that its full flowering period commences in August irrespective of the date of sowing so that to insure a chance of a crop of full height, sowing must be accomplished by the middle of April at the latest. This implies the necessity of irrigation until the setting in of the south west monsoon. In spite of a considerable fall of rain in the present season three supplies of irrigation water were also necessary. Corchorus capsularis, which is probably the true jute plant, grows normally. Eut Corchorus olitorius which is a common wild plant in the Deccan reverts to its unsatisfactory branched and stunted habit. In procuring the seed for future experiments i 11 from Bengal it should bo distinctly specified that the seeds of C. capaularis only are required. Other fibres tried in comparison are denoted below : — Plant. Area of experi- ment. Stalka. Weight of dry fibre. Percent- fibre to stalks. Outturn of fibre per acre. Value per acre. Remarks. Jute (Corchorua cap- Sularis)-' Upper plot Gunthas. 2-3 Lbs. 1,427 Lbs. 35 Lbs. 2-45 Lbs. 009 Rs. 76 @ Bs. 10-4-0 per Bengal maund. Lower plot 5»5 1.029 31 31 208 Us. 20 @ Rs. 8 per mauud. Sesbaniaaculeata •*' S27 7 2 " "'•" Stray plants collected. Messrs. Ralli Bro- thers say that it lacks strength and is un- suitable for spinning and rope-making. Hibiscus (Sp.) •- 64 4 6-2 ... Stalks which had seeded were taken. 13. Bamie fibre. — Eurther experiments with this confirm the conclusion that the soil of the Deocan is unsuitable for this plant which requires more evenly distributed rainfall and lighter soil than we have in the west. The soil is probably most in fault because plants grown in pots in prepared compost thrive fairly well. Careful irrigation of the plants in the open is useless. 14. Sisal Hemp, — In the ordinary course this plantation in Plot No. 16 ought to have commenced to pole last year, ^ew of the plants show signs even of ordinary vigour, the leaves of most are curled and dry at the tips. This condition is probably due to the rank growth of grass around them. All our experi- ments go to prove that this fibre plant requires as good cultivation as any other crop if it has to yield a profit. Plants growing under the shelter of babul trees are distinctly superior. 15. Agave, — Last year half-acre plots of the following were put out with the idea of ultimately arriving at the approximate outturn of fibre by area : — Agave Wightii. Agave Cantala. Agave Vera-cruz. Agave Sisalana, Furcrsea gigantea. 12 16. Malachra capitata, — This plant, which grows so well round Bombay during the rains, has after two years' trial been found unsuitable for cultivation in the Deccaa owing to its low habit induced by the lighter rainfall. and branching 17. museum : — The following local fibres are now exhibited in the Agave Cantala. Agave Sisalana. Agave Vera-cruz. Yucca gloriosa. Malachra capitata. Hibiscus panduriformis. Corchorus capsularis (jute). Agave Wightii. Furcrsea gigantea. Sanseveira zeylaciea. Musa textilis (Manilla hemp). Hibiscus sp. Sesbania segyptiaca. 18. Cotton. — Special investigations in the botany of the cotton have been continued. A set of seeds to be grown for iden- tification were received from the Inspector-General of Agriculture, in India, and a long series of seeds of botanical and commercial varieties of cottons cultivated in America were received for trial and identification from Mr. F. J. Tyler of the* Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Owing to the satisfactory rainfall during the year under report the whole of the cotton sample plots were not irrigated. A commencement was made this year in the estimation of the average yield per plant of every variety grown, and the first results obtained in this line of enquiry are detailed in the following table: — o -2 2 ^1 § •s 1 •R 1 ■si Name. 1? hi It 1. a Name. 09 I! 1§ 8 •s 1* 1-^ 1*- .1° |5 |St ii Tol 8. Tolas 61 Bagar Siah 16 0-75 30-0 74 Laiio 17 1-07 26-6 62 .. Safed 10 1-8 33-8 76 Kdnvi 22 1-8 30 7 63 ., Siah 11 1-3 33-3 76 Jowiir Haiti 16 1*4 33-3 64 .. Safed 11 2-3 33-3 78 Mungari 26 0-8 33 3 66 „ Siah 10 03 33-3 79 Northerns 21 2-8 33 vi 66 „ Safed 11 2-4 33'8 80 Prodatur 27 0-6 33-3 67 Deehi, MultAn 17 1-3 33-3 93 Haldia 15 0-5 33-.S 69 Eagar Siah 19 0'7 33»3 94 Bani 12 1-5 33-,! 69 „ Safed 9 0-8 83-:j 95 DhArwAr, Niinar 11 I'S 33;{ 70 Lilio 16 5-3 812 r6 Tiflania 12 0-8 2ft 0 72 Broach 18 18 8S*i {•7 Oaiigri 14 1-6 33 .) 13 I Name. 2 1 1% 2 a li 1- 1 CI 128 Name. 1 ll S5^ ll 111 a 0 I 1° 98 Cawnpnr indigenous 14 Tolas. 1-07 33 3 Deshi, Lahore 17 Tolas. 0-5 25 0 99 Chanda, Cold Weather 8 2'3 33-3 129 Hissar ... 15 11 28-6 100 Yerapatti ... .« ... 15 01 S3'3 130 Deshi Lyallpur 19 1-7 33-3 101 Narma 9 208 33-3 131 DharwJlr Dewas 18 2-5 33-3 102 Deshi, Dehra GSzikhau 13 0-9 33-3 132 Deshi JhAnsi 2 1'2 25-0 103 „ Ludhiana 9 1-6 33-3 133 Kiipshi ., ... 12 2-2 c6-3 104 „ Rawalpindi 13 1-4 33-3 134 Barrueca 23 2-2 33-3 106 Sutra, Mnltan 22 1-1 33 3 136 Deshi. Sadadabad 5 1-5 33*3 106 Majha „ 18 0-8 33-3 137 Kadir 8 0-6 25-0 1C7 Deshi, Lahore .« 12 0-9 33-3 138 Deshi, UmbjiUa 23 0-4 33-3 108 „ Hissar 10 0-7 33-3 139 Abaspur 6 0-5 250 109 „ Lyallpur 14 107 33-3 140 Deshi, Aligarh 15 01 33*3 110 „ Malvi 19 0-7 33-3 141 Jalna 13 0 8 33-3 111 Wona * ... 10 1-0 25-0 142 Deshi, Meerut 6 0-6 333 112 Deshi. MdM ..; 7 1-4 25-0 143 Wan ... ... 7 1-06 33-3 113 Baua 17 0-4 33 0 144 Marwari No. 3 2 1-2 250 114 Bani 11 0.7 28 5 145 Deshi M&lvi No. 1 22 0'4 25'0 115 Nimari ... .^ 21 0-7 28-2 146 )i ,* No. 2 6 1*8 33-3 116 Rajgar 9 0'9 38-4 147 „ Mohilabad 9 11 33' 3 117 Safed Kapjts 12 1*5 333 148 ,) Bunurally 6 1-2 33-3 118 Malvi or Baui 15 1-02 33-3 150 „ Kulpahar 6 1*6 37-5 119 Bani 11 0-5 30-0 151 „ Modha 7 0-6 250 120 Thigalia 15 0-6 312 152 „ Paharpur 12 104 80-0 1-21 Dcshi 6 10 25 0 153 „ Islamnagar ... 11 0'9 26'0 121a Deshi cotton 23 0-3 28-5 154 „ Bhjidarpur 12 1-04 40-0 nib Laeing -iugungba 14 0-8 33-3 155 „ Muradabad 18 2-8 36'5 121c Khilgivi cotton 18 0-8 33-3 i:6 Tiffania 14 80 30X) 12!rf Mirpurkhcis 12 02 250 157 Deshi, BareiUy 12 15 33-3 121« Nujingyan 14 0-5 33-3 159 „ Babasona 4 09 33-3 121/ B&rsi 6 0-6 33 3 160 „ Radhia 12 1-2 33-3 121ca _a «3 OS e3 a >«3 jO I I ^ -M I. nil .3^ . &D : : . p . . 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S -S^ 4^-* -2 — e3.^ y ::;» J^^S Ph 2 a) 68 CJ C3H &0 ft s : ^;^ fcc J •-< ;s »c3 e3 ^ S3 WOW Pi d } : So ... o 6 '^ 13 o ^ 03 1W;3 ^1 (3 . o 08 «« f 1 ■*2 -W S is +j JJ U ^-^ _>" .-3 ,—t o =S o '13 2 o . O «S O ^ ,* C3 o o n 'K CO 1 CI (M 51 .cocsOi-ifiqcocoi>c»OiO 0000.-'r^rHr^I-l.-l,H^(^^ voo^oo-^ '?^ O Sg O00Q0(M«Q t> iH Qi eo Tji COp^ Lr ^ 55 CI o e^ (M o o o o (M (M (M C« (M CI o CI iH CI ^ B 9S9— 4 26 27. Sugarcane. — Mr. Meggitt, the Agricultural Chemist, ha$ selected a small plot for growing sugarcane with the intention oi personally selecting individual canes by chemical and othei methods for propagation. The results will be reported on in due course. Very valuable results have been obtained by thesi methods in the West Indies and- only experience will prov< whether or not they are suitable for Indian conditions. Grain Crops. 28. Bhddli. — An enquiry was instituted on the identity o this crop and seeds were obtained from the chief centres of cult! vation in the Bombay Presidency. The seed was grown this yea in the Ganeshkhind Botanical Gardens. It was sown about th< middle of June 1906 and ripened too late to be included in las year's report. Bhddli is distinguished from the other small millets by th long drooping rarely erect bristly heads. Some of the latte are often cylindrical and slightly tapering towards the apex. The; are divisible into 4 types, roughly recognizable by the — (1) short or absent bristles. Nasik, Ahmednaga Set aria italica, var, 1. (2) long bristles and crowded branches of the panich Panch Mahals. S, italica, var, 2. (3) purple colour of the head and much laxer branches c the panicle. Barsi and Poena Farm. S. Italia var, 3. (4) this is rather distinct from the others and is known b the more slender heads with yellowish bristles an the grains (spikelets) arranged in whorls direct! on the slender axis. Setaria glauca. Kdm Poena Parm (Ratnagiri). Navanif Hang; (Dharwar). The cultivation of Bhiidli does not seem to be of any in portance. Its distribution in the Presidency is as shown below Acres. KhAudesh .,. ... ... 4,104 Nasik ... ... ... 3^985 Ahmednagar ... ... ... 4,087 Poona ,. ... ... 4,728 ShoUpur ,,. ... ... 404 Panch Mahals ... ... ... 117 Broach ... .,, .,. 165 i 27 • Fanicum pilosiim of: Dalzell and Gibson's Bombay Flora 'upplement, page 98, is probably No. 2. Fanicum (?) sp. of Dalz. and Gib/s Bombay Flora supple- ment, page 98, is probably No. 1. '^ Fanicum (?) sp. of Dalz. and Gib.'s Bombay Flora supple- nent, page 98, is probably No. 3. 29. Wheat. — Ten plots making np one acre in all were own with wheat in order to test the soil capabilities and suitabi- ity for an elaborate manurial testing scheme, as also to test the mif ormity of the soil in the difiEerent portions of the area selected, [•he crop was very poor and the inequalities between the different )lots and between portions of the same plots showed the unsuit- .bility of the soil for such experiments and consequently the cheme was abandoned. The following report and valuations were received from Messrs, Ralli Brothers on a number of wheat crosses which have )een evolved during the last few years : — '^ We have examined the 113 samples of wheat you sent us and find them n the whole unsatisfactory. Barring about a dozen samples, amongst which here are some very good hard yellows and some fairly good soft whites, all he other samples do not come in the class of wheat exportable from Bombay nd can only be sold for local consumption. '* Herewith our report on the various samples. What we would have nshed to see is the improvement of standard Bombay qualities, viz* — Soft white wheat as pure as possible. Hard yellow wheat as pure as possible. Hard red Dharwdr quality as pure as possible. " The samples which in our opinion are really very good are Nos. 6, 25, 63, )5, 73, 103, 107, 112, We may further add that the examination of a good nany of the samples was rendered rather difficult through their not having een freed from their chaff. Sample No. 1. 11. 36. Khapli + Kdldkusal, spikelets broad. Hard red wheat, of no great value. Quality good. „ 2. (39^.) Rangrih+ ALUstralian 46, very small awns. Glossy wheat, good with fairly easy sale. „ ' 3. Naiski (plot 2). „ 4. IV. Khapli + PivlaNslsik. Undesirable. 28 Sample No. 5." 31. DaudkMni!+ Australian 27. Soft wheat, fairlj good, coBtains some immature and small grains, ,, 6, Siah Das. Very good superior hard yellow wheat. ^, 7. 65. Chaval K^tha + Khapli. Mixed bard red, quality undesirable, „ 8. 9. Khapli + Pans^ngli. Good hard red of the Khapli description. Very littl of such quality is exportable and as a rule fetche a Icwer price than any other kind of wheat. „ 9. Dhayak. „ 10. VI. Pivla N^sik + Khapli. Fairly good hard red. 11. Surkh. 12. 70. Khapli + Chaval Katha. ^ Quality undesirable. ,, 13. VI. 0. Pivla Ndsik + Khapli, Extra grains. 14. IX. Pivla Ndsik -t- Khapli. 15. XII. Pivla N^sik + Kdlakusal. 16. VIIT. Pivla Nasik + Khapli. Hard yellow, not very good quality, being small ii grain. ., 17. 11. 3 c. Khapli + KaMkusal, spikolets large, „ 18. 31. Daudkh^ni + Australian 27. 'Undesirable. „ 19. Dhayak. 2nd sample of the same name. „ 20. Saiok. A mixed quality of soft and glossy wheat, immature small. ., 21* VI. A, Pivla Nasik + Khapli. Short, congested. 22, XII. Pivla Nasik + K^Ukusal. Inferior hard yellow, „ 23. 40. Kfitha Nagpore + Khaph. Mixed bard red and glossy, of a difficult sale. „ 24. LX. Pivla Ndsik + Khapli. 29 Sample No 25. 1. Australian 28/32 + Australian 27, 3 grains. Very good. i) 26. 61. Katha Baroda + Kliapli. >' 27. Q2. Khapli + Kcltha Baroda. Fairly good hard red. f 28. 111. Khapli -f Pansdugli. >> 29. Surkh Kosha. Undesirable. a • 30. 31. Khapli + Shet of Parner. t> 31. Pansdngli + Kaldkusal. Very good. i> 32. VIL Pivla N^sik + Khapli. Hard yellow, of fairly good quality, might be im- proved. If 38. 61. Kdtha Baroda + Khapli. Undesirable. }> 34. 63. Pissikhaberia + Khapli. !> 35. 11. 1 A. Kbapli + Kdldkusal, short head. )} 36. 21. Khapli + Wheat of Parner. Eather small, hard red, of not very good quality. 3> 37. 39. a. Rangrih + Australian 46. "White glossy, of very good quality. )■> 38. 1.' KdldkusaH- Khapli. Good hard yellow. JJ 39. Naishki, plot 2. Altogether undesirable. a 40, Bolani. Altogether undesirable. a 41. IX. A. Pivla Nasik + Khapli, head short. a 42. 11 2 a. Khapli + Kaldkusal, long heads. jt 43. VIII. Pivla Nasik + Khapli. Good hard yellow. -•> 44. Kallah. Fairly good white Mundi. »; 45. 42. Kempu Godhi + Khapli. Although the grains are very small the appearaoce : rather good. - 46. Mundi white + Australian 34, loDg awns. Good white Mundi. 30 Sample No. 47. K^la Gandam. Undesirable. „ 4cS. 9. Khapli + P^ns^ngli. „ 49. 3 c. Khapli + Kalakusal, spikelets large. ,j 50. 2 b. Khapli + KdUkusal, hairy head. „ 51. 3 a. Khapli + KaUkusal. „ 52. 1. Khapli -f- Kdlakusal. Undesirable. „ 53. Safed + ChalL Undesirable. „ 51. C9. KhapU + llansia Broach. Inferior hard red. „ 55. 11 3 b. Khapli + Kaldkusal, spikelets broad. Inferior hard red. „ 56. Ill a. KhapU + Kdlakusal. ,^ 57. Ill c. Khapli + PdnsAngli. Head congested. „ 68. 74. Khapli -f Pissikhabeiia. „ 59. Ill a. Khapli + Pansdngli. Head short. „ 60. 76. KhapU + Sudhe of Rahuri. „ 61. 8. Pans^ngli -f- Khapli. „ 62. 71. KhapU + Pivla Khandesh. „ 63. 50. Hybrid N^gpur + Muzafamagar. Soft wheat. Had the grains been slightly bolder, the (luality would be very good indeed. „ 64. XI. A. Daudkhani -♦- Khapli. Extra grain. „ 65. 30. Shet of P^rner + KhapU. Hard ^ yellow, containing some proportion of spotted grains. Quality good on the whole. „ 66. 75. KhapU + Ldl pissi. „ 67. IX. b. Pivla Msik + KhapU. Extra grains. „ ^d,. VI. b. Pivla Ndsik + Khapli. Head long. ,/ 69. 24. Khapli + Howrah Ndgpur. „ 70. 111. b. KhapU + Pdnsdngli. Head hairy. „ 71. XI. b. Daudhkhdni + Khapli. Congested heads. „ 72. 11. 1. b. Khapli + Kalakusal. Long head. „ 73. Australian. 28/32 22. White Mnndi. Very good quality. „ 74. Hansia Broach. Soft white wheat mixed with some hard yellow. Cannot be sold by itself in Europe. 81 Sample No. 75. 18, Deshi Athni. Belgaum. Soft red fairly good, not easily saleable in Europe. „ 76. Koni of Jhelum. Hard yellow, good in appearance but very small and the grains are under-fed. „ 77. Daudkhdni. Damoh, Far from perfect, soft. Just passable. „ 78. Mundi of Ludhiana. „ 79. Daudkhani A. Soft wbeat ; good, but grains are too small. ;, 80. Chaval Kdtha. Bhandara. White, mixed with soft and hard yellow. „ 81. Australian. 1/24. „ 82. Australian. 34/25. „ 83. Jowaria. Damoh. Small round grains and unsaleable in Europe; may find some demand for local consumption. „ 84. Pivla Botka. Baglan, Nasik. „ 85. Australian 56/32. Small round grains and unsaleable in Europe ; may find some demand for local consumption. „ 86. Safed of Hoshiarpur. Small hard yellow with shrivelled and glossy grains. ,, 87. Rangrih of Kangra. Small hard yellow with shrivelled and glossy grains. „ 88. Ghoni of Silhet. Small yellow, containing too many dead grains, undesirable. ,, 89. Kopergaon wheat. Hard yellow, of very good quality. „ 90. Ban si Bdlaghat. Hard yellow, good. 91. Australian 13/32. 21. White Mundi, good. 92. Australian 29/32— 23. Soft white, containing too large a percentage of shrivelled and small grains. „ 93. Australian 46/31. Spotted white Mundi, not very good. „ 94. Dandan of Multan, Round wheat, would only be used for local consumption. 32 Sample No. 95. Australian 26/28. Very good, soft white wheat. „ 96. Dodi of Muzafargarh. Undesirable. „ 97. Australian 27/29. „ 98. Australian 20/20^20. White glossy, grains are rather small. „ 99. Pivla Pote, Malegaon. Undesirable. „ 100. Australian 3/20-19. Undesirable. „ 101. Daudkhani C. „ 102. Paman Sirsa. Soft white, fairly good. „ 103, Kalakusal wheat. Very good, hard yellow. „ 104. Buddha wheat. Soft red, of a good quality. „ 105. Lai of Batala. Soft red, rather small. „ 106. Rod Deshi of Audh. Soft red, rather small. „ 107. Potia, Nadiad. Very good, soft red. ,, 108. Malaya, Belgaum. Spotted red, of difficult sale. „ 109. Safed o£ Amritsar. Soft white, good quality but rather small. „ 110. Dadhak, Amritsar. Hard yellow, good quahty. „ 111. Black awnel Athni. Uard red, quality good. „ 112. Farner wheat, obtained at tho Nagar Show, 1905. Very good, hard yellow. „ 113. Shutar Dandam. Undesirable. '' Ncs. 1, 7, 13, 14, 17, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 34, 35, 41, 42, 48, 50, 51, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72 and 101 are all hard red wheat, rendered inferior by an admixture of what is called Kl.apli wheat, and would only be sold on the spot for local consumption. 33 '' All the numbers on which we Uave not reported represent wheat of a SeidecUy inferior quality/' Grass Experiments. 30. Panicum bulbo8um,—^mGe last year this is standing in a mall plot. It seems a perennial grass. It is barely able to urvivo drought and cannot be cut at intervals to furnish a regular upply of fodder in summer. The grass propagates easily by its )ulbs which strike root very readily and it may ultimately prove 0 be a good grazing grass but probably not superior to many ndigenousones. Eurther tests as to its feeding value, etc., can l)e mdertaken only whe« it is propagated on a larger scale so as to insure a seed supply for an extended area. 31. Italian rye grass, perennial rye grass, Daoiylis glomerata, ^estiwa elatioVi Fhleimi prafense, — These were sown in separate )eds but all failed to germinate. Silo. 32. A pit of 1 ,000 cubic feet capacity was dug in ordinary soil n the gardens to test the value of ensilage of a large quantity of oarse grass. The quantity placed in the pit in September was :6,821 lbs. On being opened in the month of March the yield of attle feed weighing 205000 lbs. was abstracted at the rate of 500 bs. per day until jinished. The Superintendent of the Kirkee )ivil Dairy reports that the cattle ate it readily and that the eculiar strong smell passed away quickly on e:&posure to air, aaving the smell of half dried hay. Arrangements have been aade this year for the prej)arations of 6 siloes in munim ground Li order to permanently maintain the experiment on a larger scale. Trial with new Plants. 33. The following plants have been introduced into the lardens for trial : — Vitis gl-Seed selection. 13 CbavU and Maize. 1 0 Fodder Wheat 1 0 Selection of seed and distribution. 14 Cotton 0 30 To tost the growing of this tj'pe of cotton on the light soiL ....at ... 14&16 B^jri 1 10 ) Seed selection and r equalizing the land. ...It. ..«..« 16 to 25 Jowir 10 0 26 Do. — 1 0 To demonstrate the advantages of tillage. ...... ... ...... 27 Sogarcane .^ 1 0 Farther test of the Mauritius variety. ...... ... 28 Do. 1 0 To test the most profit- able sets for planting. • M 28 Sweet potatoes 1 0 Comparison of the varieties and raising cuttingB for distribu- tion. ... ^H 80 Tur 1 0 Study of the cultivation of this crop as rotatioa ... •••.•a ^M ^H crop. 81 Maiae 1 0 ^ i^^^H 82 Sorghum 1 0 1 Seed selection and dift- Wheat 3 0 Seed selection and ^SU 33 Sundhia 1 0 ( tribution. distribution. 31 Maize 1 0 ) 1 Linseed ... 0 30 For fibre Fibre was iiofi extracted as the plants had branched too much. Safflower ... 0 10 Seed selection. 86&86 Cotton 2 0 To ascertain the best time for planting Gujarit cotton. 87&83 Sugarcane 2 0 To ascertain the best rotation for sugarcane in the Deccan. M.«.. ... r 39 Cotton 020 Do. ... wa.a San for fibre ... 0 20 Do. ... .. «. !!!".' 40 Lucerne 1 0 To ascertain the correct quantity of water re- quired for lucerne. , 41 Gronndnuts ... 020 To ascertain the best rotation for sugarcane in the Deccan. ..••«. ... San green 0 20 Do. .M... ... manure. 43 BarefaUovr ... 0 20 Do. ...... ... Cotton 0 20 Do. ... !.! ..a,." 43 Tur Cotton 0 30 0 20 Do. Do. '.'.!... ... 44 Jovr&r 1 0 To ascertain the quan- tity of water required for Jow&r. ...»» ... .M.a. Not undertaken this year as the guage was not ready. 46 Rice varieties... 0 20 For comparative test ... ) Jviu 020 To ascertain the Not carried on Rioe 020 Water experiments ... \ effect of pulses. this year as the beds could not hold water owing to the new embank- ments* Ir. D ....« .i%>.. Am e r i c a n 0 18 For seed. J E Groundnut ... 030 For seed peas. Ir. I Jute 0 10 For fibre KhapU" ... 0 10 For green fodder. J Groundnut ... 0 18 For seed* and distribu- tion. ...M. Tnnneric 0 8 For seed ... ...... ^Uva 0 30 Do. Sweet pota- toes. 0 30 For cuttings. VII.— Experiments in Care and Cultivation of Crops. A.— Manure Experiments. 10, Potash manure for sugarcane. — Last year a series of four plots was selected and manured with potash at the rate of 50 Ihs., 100 lbs., 150 lbs. and 200 lbs. per acre in the form of sulphate of potash in addition to 350 lbs. of nitrogen from safflower cake. This year the same experiments are carried on with ratoon, but two- thirds of potash and nitrogen of the last year have been given. The results with the outturn of the last year are tabulated below for comparison. Manurial treatment per acre. Results per acre ; crop Pnndia cane (plant cane. 1905-06 ; ratoon cane, 1906-07J. 1 Kind of manure. U" Containing Cost of manure. No. of canes. Weight 3f canes jtripped and topped. Weight tops. Weight 1' N. P2O6. K2O. of juice obtained. Lhs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Lbs. LbB. Lbs. ■f Safflower cake Sulphate of potash. 3.408 233i 70 393 115 10 0 f 22,876 I 30,880 64,076 83,400 12.996 13,724 47.640 64.000 ■( Safflower cake Sulphate •£ potash . 3,108 56 233i 70 39§ 27 [121 0 0 r 22.936 I 26,120 67,208 70.440 13.716 11,262 48,836 52,000 •1 Safflower cake ... Sulphate of potash. 3.408 125 233J 70 39S 60i 1 127 10 0 i 25.664 { 30,420 70.3C4 86,476 14.420 16.972 63,412 68.000 •1 Safflower cake Sulphate of potash . 3,408 196 233J 70 391 931 |l34 2 0 . 24,644 i 31,048 73,828 88,172 14,804 16,728 63,104 68.000 1 i Kind of manure. R< esultspe r acre j ci 'op Pundia ct itoon cane, IJ ine (plant cane, 1906-06; Per- eentage of juice to cane. Gul. Per- centage of Quito juice. Per- centage of Quito cane. Cost of cultivation. Value of outturn. Profit. Year. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p Rs. a. p. A Safflower cake 74-3 9.460 19-8 14-7 271 9 4 591 4 0 319 10 8 1906^ n Sulphate of potash . 76-8 10.444 16-2 12-5 291 14 4 696 4 3 404 5 11 1906-06 ^{ Safflower cake 72-6 9,056 18-5 13'5 278 15 8 566 0 0 287 0 4 1906-07 Sulphate of potash. 73*9 8,396 161 11-8 288 11 0 559 11 11 271 0 11 1906-06 J Safflower cake 76-9 10,280 19-3 14-6 295 4 C 642 8 0 347 4 0 1906-07 '1 Sulphate of potash. 78-6 11,452 16-8 13-3 318 6 8 763 7 4 445 0 8 1905-06 4 Safflower cake 72-9 10,252 19*3 14-8 300 12 0 640 12 0 340 0 0 1906-07 Sulphate of potash. 76-6 11,620 17-9 131 325 12 4 774 10 8 448 14 4 1905-06 6 These results clearly show that there is an increase of outturn by potash manure. Eurther experiments with increased quantity of potash are necessary. 11. Phosphoric acid requirements for sugar cane, -^M-Sltij questions were received from cultivators with regard to the use of bones in some form as a sugarcane manure. To settle this question a series of four plots was laid out last year and manured with 50 lbs., 100 lbs., 150 lbs. and 200 lbs. of phosphoric acid in the form of superphosphate in addition to 360 lbs. of nitrogen from safflower cake, 'fhis year the same experiments are carried with the ratoon cane, but two-thirds of phosphoric acid and nitrogen of the last year have been given. Plots 1 and 2 being manured alike last year as the quantity of cake contains more than 100 lbs. of P2O5, plot 1 was converted into a complete manure plot this year and hence sulphate of potash was also given in addition to cake and super- phosphate. The results with the outturn of the last year are tabulate below for comparison. * Manurial treatment per acre. Results per acre ; crop Pundia cane (plant cane, 1905-06; ratoon cane, 1906-07). 1 Kind of manure. Quan- tity. Containing Cost of manure. No. of canes. Weight of canes stripped topped. Weight tops. N. Lbs. 233i P2O5. K20. SaflBower cake Lbs. 3.408 Lbs. Lbs. Bs. a. p. Lbs. 57,716 Lbs. ll 70 39S ^ l' 23,196 12.996 Sulphate of potash 195 ... 938 1^150 9 0 j Bapcrphosphate ... 184 ... 63i ... J L 35,949 87,944 17,136 Safflower cake S.l'JS 233» 70 391 115 10 0 r 22,920 66,100 12,092 Superphosphate ... ... ... ... ... \ 26,284 65,288 11,732 ftl Safflower cake 3,408 233J 70 391 |l23 1 0 r 22,024 l 30,C83 4S,4i4 10,272 Superphosphate ... m. 88 ... 30 •»• 86.740 16,444 4J Safflower cake 3,408 233J 70 39S |l31 3 0 r 18,096 1. 29.366 38,556 8,724 Superphosphate ... 184 ... m ... 77,724 13.043 1 Kind of manure. Results per acre ; crop Pundia (plant cane, 1905-06 j ratoon cane, 1906-07;. E •c 1 Weight juice ob- tained. Per- centage of juioe to cane. Weight GuU Per- centage of Gul to juice. Per- centijie of^ Gul to cane. Cost of cultiva- tion. Value of outturn Profit. Year. 4 Safflower cake r Sulphate of potash - Superphosphate Safflower cake Superphosphate Safflower cake Superphosphate Safflower cake Superphosphate Lbs. 41,868 68,000 38.580 52,000 34,716 68.000 26,788 60,000 72 5 77-3 70 01 79-6 71-6 78'4 694 77-02 Lbs. 8,096 11,952 7.680 9,296 6.632 11,876 5,252 10,405 19-3 17-5 19-9 17-9 19-1 17*4 19-6 17-6 14 9 136 140 14 2 13 7 13'7 13*6 13 5 Rs. a. p. 297 0 0 29'? 2 8 257 0 0 279 2 4 257 2 0 307 11 »• 249 10 0 312 13 4 R& a. p 506 0 I 792 12 f 480 0 ( 619 11 t 414 8 ( 791 13 ! 328 4 ( 702 10 fc Rb. a p. 209 0 0 1906-07 496 10 0 1906^)6 223 0 0 1906-07 340 9 4 1905-06 157 6 0 1906-07 484 2 1 1905-OS 78 10 0 1906-07 389 13 4 1905-06 These results show that there is no increase in the outturn by using larger amount of phosphoric acid. These experiments may therefore be discontinued, 12. Top-dressing for sugarcane, — To compare the value of different nitrogeneous manures, including mineral manures, a series of five plots was manured last year with 200 lbs. of nitrogen in the form of farmyard manure and 150 lbs. nitrogen in the form of various top-dressings, plot 1 receiving all nitrogen from farmyard '.manure in the beginning. This year the dressing given to these plots was similar to that of the last year's top-dressings, but only 233J lbs. of nitrogen per acre was supplied. Plot 1, which received only one application of farmyard manure last year, received the same dressing as the second plot and the residual effect of the farm- yard manure will be observed. The results with the outturn of the last year are tabulated below for comparison. ♦5 Manurial treatment per acre. Results per acre ; crop Pundia (plant cane, 190&i06 i ratoon cane. 1906K)7). 1 Kind of manure. Quan- tity. Containing Cost of manure. Number of caues Weight of canes stripped and topped. Weight of tops. Weight of juice o 1 N. '2\ K^O. obtain- ed. Lbs. Lb8. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 1 Safflower cake 3.408 233J 70 39i 115 10 0 r 20,300 124.450 44,264 40,368 8,576 6,888 31,492 28,000 8 Do. 3.408 233i 70 393 115 10 0 (24.524 I3O.304 49,300 49,888 10,612 12,044 34,444 36.000 3 Nitrate of soda ... 1.606 233^ ... ... 171 4 0 j 21,308 ( 29,208 60.716 53.316 11,672 11.716 35.32) 40.000 4 Poudrette 28.807 333^ 3m 1981 200 0 0 |24,072 126,744 61,996 62.648 13.452 9.740 36.688 40.000 6 Crude nitre 1,800 233^ ••• ••« 205 0 0 (30.860 l27.79« 74,840 71,128 15,584 15,088 52,496 56,3ao i Kind of manure. ElesnltB per acre ; crop Pundia (plant cane, 1905-06 ; ratoon cane, 1906-07). 1 1 Percent- age of juice to cane. Gul. Percent- age of Gul to juice. Percent- age of Gul to cane. Cost of cultiva- tion. Value of outturn. Profit. 1 Lbs. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. 1 Safflower cake —-1 71-1 6,596 6,096 17-6 18-2 12 6 12-6 241 14 0 221 11 4 349 12 0 339 11 9 107 14 0 118 0 5 1906-07 1905 08 8 - "1 69-8 72-4 6.104 6.204 17-7 17-2 12-4 247 4 0 i 12 4 1 248 2 8 381 8 0 413 9 11 134 4 0 166 7 3 1906-07 1905-06 3 Nitrate of soda... 69-6 75-02 6.420 6.952 18-2 17-4 12-7 13-4 304 0 0 344 9 4 401 4 0 463 7 5 97 4 0 118 13 7 1906-07 1905-08 4 Po«idrette ...| 70-5 75-5 6.812 7.212 18*5 18*03 131 13-6 823 9 0 299 13 0 426 12 0 480 12 10 102 3 0 180 15 10 1900-07 1905-06 6 Crude nitre ... < 70*1 79-2 9.724 9.632 18-5 17-02 12-9 13'5 237 15 0 382 3 8 605 12 0 642 2 3 377 13 0 259 8 7 1903-07 1905-06 Erom these results it will be seen that the plot of crude nitre comes first, of poudrette second, and that of nitrate of soda comes third in point of outturn. 13. Mineral manures, — As mineral manures have been brought to the attention of cultivators considerably of late, it is deemed advisable to compare them with safflower cake. Two plots were therefore manured, one with nitrate of soda and the other with safflower cake. The application of nitrate of soda was made in three dressings last year. IVo-thirds of tlie manures were given this year, but nitrate of soda was given in 21 applications before an ec[ual number of waterings. The results with the outturn of last year avs tabulated below for comparison. i Man.ulal trca'.raontpor acre. Results per acre; crop Pundia (plant cane, llK'5-06 j rat->on cane, 1 000-07) . •5 1 Kind of manure. Qnan- tity; Containintr. Cost of manure. Number of canes. Weight of canes stripped and topped. Weight of tops. Weight of juice c <5 N. ^2^5- S°- obtain- ed. 1 2 Safflower cake Nitrate of soda ... Lbs. 3,403 1,505 Lb?. 233^ 233^ Lb3 70 Lbs. 393 Ks. a. p. 115 10 0 171 4 0 (25,510 120,883 1 20,501 129,301 Lbs. 53,038 80,828 50,988 70,243 Lba. 13.492 13.641 13,261 10,600 Lba. 37,481 64,000 35,.5o6 56,000 i g Kind of manure^ Results per acre ; crop Pundia (plant cane, 193&-96; ratoon cane 1903-07), s & o O d Percent- age of juice to cane. Weight ot Gul. Percent- age <>f Gul to juice. Percent- to cane. Cost of cultiva- tion. 1 I Value of p-^fif outturn. ^^^^^ ■ 1 Year. 1 1 1 Safflower cake i 2 ' Nitrate of soJa ... ( 70-6 ( 79-1 [ 69-5 ( 79-7 Lbs. 7,140 11,372 6,52t 9.492 190 17-8 18 3 16 9 13 5 14-07 12-8 135 Rs. a. p 254 8 0 2.^5 6 8 302 12 0 473 1 8 Rs. a. p.j Rs. a. p. 416 4 0 191 12 0 7c8 2 1 462 11 5 407 12 0 105 0 0 632 12 8 159 H 0 1800-07 1005-OC 1906 07 100.--03 The safflower cake gave more outturn of Grul. 14, An experiment with a balanced manure containing all the elements of plant food was attempted last year. The crop received only two-thirds of the manure this year. It is interesting to compare this plot with the first plot of phosphoric acid manure experiment as this plot has also received a similar dressing. Tlie results with the outturn of the last year are tabulated below. B 1059—2 10 Manurial treatment per acve. Results per acre ; crop Puudia (plant cano. 1905.00 ; Ratoon cane, 1906-07;. Kind of nianiir.^ Quan- titj. Containing. N- ^3^6. Cost of manure.. Number of canes. Weight of canes stripped and topped. Weight of tops. Weight of j Dice obtain- ed. Nitrate of soda ... Snlphate of potash, Superphosphate .., Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 1,505. 233J •M 139 ... M« 195 - 661 Lbs. 6C| a. p. 1-142 U 0 rS3.400 I < I ^39,712 Lbs. 83,S96 07,C88 Lbs. 17,768 17.040 Lbs. 69,144 76,000 Kind of manure. Results per acre ; crop Pundia fplant cane, 1905-C6 ; Ratoou cane, 1906-07). Percent- age of juice to cane. Weight of Gul. Percent- age of Gul tcjuic . Percent- age of Gul to cane. Cost of cnitiva- tion. Value of outturn. Profit. Year. K Lbs. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Nitrate of soda ... ^70-4 11,340 19*2 135 318 8 0 708 12 0 390 4 0 Sulphate of pot::sh. [ Superphosphate ... ;78-2 13,014 17-2 13-4 531 12 4 669 9 7 334 13 3 1906^ IP05 06 B. — Irrigation Experiments. 16. Sugarcane. — A demonstration irrigation plot was put down to Pundia cane and the results are in accordance with those of the previous year, that is apparently in favour of the smaller supply of w^ater. The details are given below. Details of Irrigation. Resmts per acre ; crop Puudia (ratoon). Each watering equal to inches of rainfall. Interval between each watering Days. Number of water- ings. Quantity of water in cubic feet ex- clusive of rainfall. Number of canes. Weight of canes stripped and topped. Weight of tops. Weight of juice obtained. Percent age of juice to cane n 10 16 31 20 223,862 269,237 20,674 21,534 Lbs. 55,330 40,720 Lbs. ] 3,484 10,816 Lbs. 39,466 33,758 71-3 72-2 11 Results per acre j crop Pundia (ratoon I. Weight of Gul. Percent- age of Gul to juice. Percent- age of Gul to cane. Cost of cultivation. Valiie of outturn . Profit. Outturn of Gul last year. Lbs. 7,940 6,582 14-4 14-1 2C-1 19-5 Bs. a, p. 258 9 0 246 0 0 Rs. a. p. 4£6 4 0 411 6 0 Rs. a. p. 237 11 0 165 6 0 Lbs. 7,228 6,068 Quantity of water= inches of rain. 1 2 2 3 2 3 of April, but it was attacked It was therefore resown on the 16. Lucerne. — To ascertain the quantity of water required for lucerne a field was divided into six plots. They were irrigated as follows : — Plot, Interval of days, 1 6 2 5 3 7 4 7 5 10 6 10 Lucerne was sown on the 28th by mealy wings (Aleurodidse). 22nd of November. As there was only one catting till the end of March the outturn is not given, C. — New Methods of Cultivation. 17. Sugarcane. — The methods used in the cultivation of this crop in the Deccan are so labourious that they could only be employed in a land where labour is very cheap, and even here it is thought that part of the expensive process of weeding and earth- ing could be done by bullock power. Different widths between the rows are being tried to see which will be the best for bullock cultivation. The usual dressing of farmyard manure and safflower cake has been given. The results are tabulated below. System of planting. Eosults per acre ; crop Fund a (ratoon). Num- ber cf ex- peri- ment. Dis- tance between the rid- ges in feet. tVumher of canes. Weight of canes stripped and topped. Weight of tops. Weight of juice obtain- ed. Per- cent- age of juice to cane. Weight of Gul. Per. cent- age of Gul to juice- Per- cent- Tu.°' to cane. Cost of cultisa« tton. Value of outturn. Profit. 1 2 3 2 3 Si 29,318 20,552 21,672 Lbs 69,696 59,896 69,784 Lbs, 11,444 8.592 9,160 Lbs. 60,010 a9,200 42.600 71-8 65-5 61*0 Lbs. 8,620 6,528 7.320 17-2 16-6 17-5 12-4 10-9 10*2 Rs. a. p. 371 3 0 365 1 0 350 15 ( Rs. a. p. 594 8 0 450 3 4 504 13 4 Rs. a. p. 223 5 0 So 2 4 163 14 4 12 18. Jowdr, — Of the two idiots of Jowiir one was interculturcd with the Planet Junior hoe every week as long as the bullocks were able to walk through the rows and the other was not intercultured. The intercultured plot being the end plot of the series was so much attacked by birds that the outturn of the two plots cannot be compared. The yields are given below. Kuinbcr of experi- ment. Tillage. Yield per acre ; crop Jowar. Grain. Fodder. Value of outturn. Cost of cul- tivation. 1 2 Not intercultared ... Intercultured ..% Lbs. 110 224 Lbs. 6,800 6,960 Ks. a. p, 26 2 8 28 12 6 Rs. a. p. 27 5 2 28 7 2 D. — System or planting. 19. Several times in the past, experiments with tin planting of the tops and butts of sugarcaae have been tried at Manjri, but it is not carefully recorded what is meant by tops. In some places only the leafy portion of the top is planted. Three plots have been planted this year as follows : — Plot 1 top or upper third of the cane ; 2nd butts ; 3rd mixed as they come. An experiment in ratooning and transplanting cuttings has been added. All these plots are manured with fish manure and gurdl ashes. The details of the experiment are given below. The trans- planted plot being very late has not yet been harvested. The result is contrary to those ordinarily obtained from experiments on this point. Num- ber of ex- peri- ment. System of planting. Results per acre j crop Puudia. Number of canes. Weight of canes stripped and topped. Weight of tops. Weight of juice. Percent- . age of juice to cane. Weight of Gul. 1 2 3 Tops ... Butts Mixed, as tliey come 24,108 80,280 27,976 Lbs. 69,332 70,912 71,185 Lbs. 12,052 12,528 11,452 Lbs. 47,120 48,756 48,143 87-5 68-8 07-6 Lbs. 9,004 9,380 9,043 13 Num- System of planting. Results per acre ; crop Tundia. ber of ex- peri- ment. Percent- age of Gul. to juice. Percent- age of Gul to cane. Cost of cultiva- tion. Value of outturn. Profit. 1 2 3 Tops Bulls Mixed, as they come 19-6 lC-2 17-9 12-3 13'2 12-7 Rs. a. p. 410 11 0 414 5 0 437 4 8 Rs. a. p. 620 15 4 616 14 4 623 11 6 Rs. a. p. 210 4 4 232 9 4 186 6 10 E. — EoTATioN Experiments. 20. notation experiments for sugarcane for block system of irrigation, — To ascertain which are the most profitable crops to rotate with sugarcane in the block system of irrigation, 6 acres are devoted to rotation experiments and three-year, four-year, and six-year rotations have been made out. The following? is the list of the rotations : — Plot. Rjjtatious, Year. Crop. Plot. Rotations. Year. Crop. 1 Three-year 1906-07 Bare fallo'w. 8 Four year. 1906-07 Cotton. 1 190708 Cane. 1907-08 Groundnut. 1 1908-09 Cane ratoon. 1908-09 Cane. 2 1 Do. ... 1906-07 San for manure. 1909-10 Cane ratoon. 1 i 1907-08 Cane. 9 Do. ... 1906-07 San for fibre. 1 1908-09 Cane ratoon. 1907-08 Fodder Jowdr. 3 ! Do. ... 1906-07 Groundnuts. 1908-09 Cane. 1907-06 Oane. 1909-10 Cane ratoon. i 1908-09 Care ratoon. 10 Six-year . 1906-07 Cane. 4 1 Do. ... 1906-07 Cane. 1907-08 Cane ratoon. 1907-08 Cane ratoon. 1908-09 Cotton. 1908-09 San for fibre. 1909-10 Tur- 5 Do. ... 1906-07 Cane. 1910-11 Jowar, 1907-08 Cane ratoon. 1911-12 San for fibre. 1908-09 Jowdr. 11 Do. ... 1906-07 Cane. 6 Four-year. 1906-07 Cotton. 1907-08 Cane ratoon. 1907-08 San for fibre. 1908-09 Cotton. 1908-09 Cane. 1909-10 Groundnut. 1909-10 Cane ratoon. 1910-11 Jowar. 7 Do. ... 1906-07 Tur. 1911-12 San for fibre l907-0b Fodder Jowar. 12 Do. ... 1906-07 Cotton. 1908-09 Cane. 1907-08 San for fibre. 1909-10 Cane ratoon. 1908-09 1909-10 1910-11 1911-12 Wheat. Jowar. Cane. Oane ratoon. M In all these cases of rotations the usual country manures, viz, fish manure and oil cake, etc., will be supplied to sugarcane. Other plots will be manured as they require it. As these plots have been replaced by a more complete and definite series, the yields are not given. F. — Treatment of Murum Soils. 21. Cotton. — A portion of the irrigated tracts of the district consists of light murum soil, and the best and the most economical system of managing these soils is under investigation. One of the crops suggested for these soils is cotton of the Hirsutum type, and as the Dharwar- American is the only variety of which seed was available it has been selected. It was sown according to three different methods. The first plot was sown in July according to the Dharwar method, the second plot in July on ridges 3 feet apart, and the third on ridges 3 feet apart in September. The following are the results of the experiment : — Crop, cotton DhJlrwar-American. Per aero. i Plot. Method of sowing. Date of sowing. Outturn seed cotton. Cost of cultiva- tion. Value of outturn. Loss. ' 1 2 3 Ordinary Three feet apart on ridges Do. July July September Lbs. 304 132 20 Rs. a. p, 28 2 0 32 8 0 19 14 0 Rs. a, p. 25 5 4 11 0 0 1 10 8 Ks. a. p. 2 12 8 21 8 0 18 3 4 22. Cereals and Fuhes. — The remaining portion of the light soil area was divided into ten 10-guntha plots. Eive plots were cropped with kharif pulses and rabi cereals and the other five with kharif cereals and rabi pulses, to see which of the systems or which crops are most paying and what manures are necessary for them. The statement below shows the details of the experiment. 0 Results per acre. Name of Crop. Oattiirn grain. Cost of cultivation Value of outturn. Profit ( + )or l0S3(-). rvcmarks. Kharif -Fieklbcana Rabi— Barley 1 Lbs. 1 Bs. a. p. 840 i 17 3 7 480 I 21 2 0 Bs. a. p. 70 0 0 12 0 0 Rs. a. p + 52 12 5 —9 2 0 Totel ... 38 5 7 87 0 0 + 43 10 5 Kharif— Kultbi Rabi— Barley 320 17 3 7 480 1 21 2 0 8 0 0 12 0 0 -9 3 7 —9 2 0 Total ... 38 5 7 20 0 0 —18 5 7 i 15 Crop. Results per acre. Name of Outturn grain. Cost of cultivation. Value of outturn. Profit ( + )or' loss ( -J. Benoarks. Kharif — Mng Rabi— Oats Total ... Total ... ... Total ... Total ... Total ... :Dli Tctal ... Total ... Total ... Lbs. 6i0 784 Rs, a. p. 17 3 7 21 2 0 Rs. a. p. 16 0 U 23 9 8 Rs. a p. -13 7 + 2 7 8 ... 38 5 7 39 9 8 + 1 4 1 Kbarif— Math Rabi— Oats 5G 784 IT 3 7 21 2 0 1 G 4 23 9 8 —15 13 3 + 2 7 8 ... 38 5 7 25 0 0 —13 5 7 Kbarif— Udid Rabi— Khapli 952 808 17 3 7 23 14 0 23 13 0 20 1 8 + 6 9 5 —3 12 4 ... 41 .1 7 43 14 8 + 2 13 1 Kharif— Niicbui Rabi— Peas G60 32 10 14 0 10 15 0 16 8 0 1 9 7 + 5 10 0 -8 7 5 ■ 21 13 0 - 18 1 7 —3 11 6 Kbarif— Kodra Rabi— Gram 300 952 10 14 0 12 4 0 7 8 0 31 11 10 —3 6 0 19 7 10 ... 23 2 0 39 3 10 + 16 1 10 Kharif— Sitva Rabi— Gram Kiil ... 152 12 4 0 5 10 —7 3 0 Grubbed up as it was nofc promising. ... 12 4 0 5 10 —7 3 0 Kharif— Vari Rabi— Masur 376 17 0 0 18 12 10 + 1 12 10 Grubbed up as it was not promising. 17 0 0 18 12 10 + 1 12 10 Kharif— Rdla Rabi — Lang 424 1,288 10 14 0 17 0 0 10 8 0 51 8 0 —0 0 0 + 34 8 0 .«• 27 14 0 62 0 0 + 34 2 0 VIII.— New Crops. 23. Cotton. — The great demand for cotton has led to try every possible means of growing a long stapled cotton. It does not seem possible to raise with profit the Egyptian or American varieties anywhere on the black cotton soil ; but the Broach type of cotton will grow very well in soils where there is sufficient supply of moisture. Experiments were commenced in 1904 to ascertain the value of this crop and the best methods of growing it, Tn May 1905, 30 gunthas of Broach cotton were 16 sown. This gave a fair outturn; but an inoppurtune rain in January caused a set of bolls to fall. As the cotton was bearing in May 1906, it was decided to carry the plants over to see what results will be obtained with the plants two years old. The plants were pruned to half their growth and manured and intertilled. The results of the experiment with those of the last year are tabulated below for comparison. 1905-06. 1906-07. Crop. Outturn per acre seed cotton. Value of Outturn. Outturn per acre seed cotton. Cost of cultivation. Value of outturn. Broach Lbs. 429 Bs. a. p. 35 12 0 Lbs. 143 Rs. a. p. 29 5 4 Rs. a. p. 14 4 9 24. The best time for sowing Broach cotton under irriga- tion has not yet been established ; to ascertain this eight plots ofj 10 guntha each were sown half with Broach and half wdth] Kumpta cotton at an interval of a fortnight from the 15th' of March. The following statement shows tho inconclusive results of the experiment : — Results per acre, Date of sowing. Variety. Outturn seed cotton. Cost of cultiva- tiou. Value of outturn. Profit ( + ) or l088(-). Remarks. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. 15th March ... Broach GSO ? 103 9 8 ^84 0 0 -19 9 8 This plot received extra water from c j the adjoining field. Do. Kumpta ... *'-872 ) (72 10 8 -30 15 0 1st April Broach 480 81 13 8 (48 0 C > 72 JO C -33 13 8 Do. Kumpta ... 872 -9 3 8 15th April ... Broach 392 ■^ 76 5 8 (39 3 4 5 64 0 0 -37 2 4 Do. Kumpta ... 768 ) -12 5 8 IstMay Broach 672 ■} 71 9 8 1 67 3 4 i55 5 4 -4 6 4 Do. Kumpta ... 66 1 -16 4 4 15th May ... Do. Broach Kumpta ... 704 592 56 11 8 (70 6 0 {49 5 4 + 13 10 4 -7 6 4 1st June Broach 624 69 7 8 (62 0 C H2 0 c + 2 8 4 Do. Kumpta . . . 504 -17 7 8 15th June Broach 464 ] 51 7 0 r46 6 0 26 10 8 -5 1 0 Do. Kumpta ... 008 -24 12 4 IstJuly Broach 440 1 55 11 8 (44 0 0 -11 11 8 Do.' Kumpta ... 448 ( ^36 4 0 -19 7 8 17 25. Jute, — Jute was sown on a small plot of 11 gunthas. Half was sown with drill and half was broad-casted. It was sown in black soil. As the seed was received very late, it was not sown before the 3rd of July. This plot was adjoining to the main irrigation distributary and hence received seepage water. The plants were 4 feet high when they were cut. The cost of extreme- tion of the fibre is small compared to San. The statement below gives the outturn. Result!? per ncrc. Name of crop. Oulturn of fibre. Value of outturn. Juto Lbs. 72 Rs. a. p. 0 0 0 26. Sugarcane — Mr. Mollison imported two varieties of sugarcane from Mauritius, and these have been grown at this Station ever since. The red variety yielded, in 1904, 55^ tons of stripped canes which is over 10 tons higher than Pundia, and although the Gul obtained was less than that from the Pundia, it seemed desirable to try this variety on a larger area. Accordingly one acre was put down to this crop dressed with fish manure, gurdl ashes and safEower cake. The following statement gives the results; these cannot apparently be compared with any of the Pundia plots : — Results per acre. Crop. No. of canes. VVeigbt canes stripped and topped. i Weight i^^t^^* tops ! 3ni- ^^^^- obtained i Percent- age of juice to cane. Weight Of Gul. Percent- age of Oul to juice. Percent- age of Gulto cane. 0-9 Cost of cultiva- tion. Value of outturn. f 1 Profit. Red AFauri i5,816 Lb8. 8i,816 Lbff. j Lbs. 11.233 1 6M03 76-9 Lbs. 13-1 Rs. a. p. 431 3 2 Rs. a. p. i5S2 lo I Rs. a. p. tiiM 8,453 lol 12 3 IX —Comparative variety tests. 27. JBdjrl. — Two varieties of Bajri (Nadiad and Bhavnagar) are found in Gujarat which yield larger outturn of superior character to the ordicary country Bajri. If tUest? are grown on lands full of plant food from sugarcane cultivation and watered a little they will yield a paying crop. B 1059—3 18 The statement below gives the results. Besults per acre. Kame of crop. Outturn. Cost of cultivation. Value of outturn. • Profit. * Grain. Fodder. Nadidd lihilvnajar ..* Lba. 3,080 1,120 Lbs. 5,200 5,230 Rs. a. p. . 26 5 8 27 2 4 Ea. a. p. 62 0 0 63 7 8 Bs. a. p. 35 10 4 36 6 4 Atoned Bdjri. — The awned cli-iraoter of tliis variety is not thoroughly fixed. To fix this and to select the seed 1 acre 20 gunthas were sown with this variety. The following statement shows the outturn and cost of cultivation : — Results per acre. _ Kame of crop. Outturn. Cost of cultiva- tion. Value of outturn. Pro6t. Bemarks. 1 Grain. Fodder. Awncd Bafjri Lbs. 46G Lbs. 1,724 Bs a. p. IG 5 7 Bs. a. p. 24 3 10 Rs. a. p. 7 14 3 Mucb attackei by bird?. 28. Jowdr. — In order to equalize the land for next year' sugarcane experiments, 5 varieties of Jo war were grown for seed selection and distribution. As these plots were between the two series of sugarcane the outturn was much lessened by birds who found shelter in the sugarcane crops, although special care was taken to scare them away. Varieties which ripened late were most afPectod. It has been decided to Jow^r for seed from next year at this Station. The following is the outturn of each variety : discontinue growing variety. Besults per acre. Name of Outturn. Cost of Value of Griin. Fodder. cultivation. outturn. ShoUpuri Perio Glapti Khondi Gldgap Lbs. 533 378 345 806 73 Lbs. 7,484 7,551 6,357 5,1'38 6,270 Bs. a. p. 28 12 7 30 4 10 29 4 1 27 5 6 26 5 3 Rs a. p. 41 5 3 34 10 1 30 2 4 37 4 0 20 15 9 Bemark?» All the Jowiir varieties were much attacked by birds and hence the outturn so low, and as the watching charges were heavy (Bs. 14-0 0 per acre) the cost of cultivation is high. 19 29. lUce, — Three varieties of paddy were grown for com- parison. At the same time to see if there is any advantage in growing rabi pulses in the rice beds, half the plot of each variety was sown with Val this year in the rabi season. The following statement gives the results of the experi- ment : — • Hojul.'ri pel- acre. Crop. Oatturn of Cost of graiu, cultivation. 1 • Valine of outturn. Ambemohor Kamod ... Dodka Lbs. 926 840 1,212 Rs. a. p. 51 6 8 51 6 8 51 6 S Rs. a. p. 29 4 0 26 4 0 37 14 3 30. Fodder crops for grain. — A large amount of seed is required for sowing fodder on the agricultural Stations. Two varieties of Jowar — Sorghum and Sundhia — and two varieties of American maize — Golden Beauty and Yellow Dent — were grown. Golden Beauty was much damaged by wild pigs. The following statement gives the outturn of these fodders : — Outturn per acre. Kame of crop. Outturn, Cost of cultivation. Grain. Fodder. outturn. Sorg-bum ... ... Suudbja Golden Beauty Yedow Dent ... Lbs. 985 1,050 1,821 805 Lbs. 2,520 1,470 2,010 Rs. a p. 20 2 11 20 11 11 24 4 0 2n 1 0 Rs. a. p. 33 0 3 33 6 7 41 11 6 3j 1 6 X— Miscellaneous crops. 81. Gram, Masur and Lang were grown after Bdjri to improve the land. Gram was damaged by wild pi^s. .20 32. Three American varieties of siceet potcdo were grown for further test and for distribution. Much damage was done to sweet potatoes by wild jngs. These varieties are inferior in taste to the local ones. They were therefore sold very cheap at one- third the average price of the local sweet potatoes. 33. Blue and white flowered Unseed were grown for fibre, but as the plants were branchy tbey were allowed to go to seed. As the seed of Russian linseed was not available the plot was sown with safliower. Safflower was very badly aft'ected by aphides. .Kerosine emulsion was tried on a small portion, but it produced no effect. 34. Tar (Arhar) was grown for seed distribution, but as it was affected by wilt disease, all the plants were uprooted as they withered, 35. Wheat (Kalakusal) was grown after harvesting fodder Jow^r and maize. This variety of wheat was found at the Nagar Exhibition last year. The seed is hard and heavy. 36. Pondicherry (jroundnuts were grown on a small area. This seed was newly imported. The germination of this was not good. The statement below shows the results of these miscellaneous crops. Kcsults per acre. Name of Crcp. Onttarfr of grain. Cost of cultivation. Vnhie of - outturn. liemarks. (jraiii . jVIasur ... Lang ... Kansemond Virginia New Jersey T/inseed, blue flowered „ white flowered • . Wheat (Kalakusal) Groundnut (Pondicherry) • Vjil Lbs. 780 350 1,504 2,G67 1,834 824 398 588 285 1,377 567 Rs. a. p. 14 10 0 10 8 0 24 13 6 ■ 92 6 0 ' ' ■ 17 12 0 17 12 0 20 13 9 30 6 0 27 12 9 Rs. a. p. 26 3 2 37 8 0 CO 2 6 ' 31 4 0 10 2 8 24 8 0 14 6 6 68 13 6 17 6 6 - Watcliiug charges too higli. These sweet potatoes are not liked by the public and hence they were sold at low price. 37. The experiments referred to in this report were planned by Mr. Knight. Foona, ^ F. FLETCHER, September 1907:) Acting Professor of Agriculture. II.— THE BA'RA'MATI DEMONSTRATION STATION, 1906-07. Established — 1906 ; North Latitude —l^' 8' ; East LotKji- tiide — 1^^ 37'; Elevation — 1, 7 74i feet above sea level; Soil — light aud heavy black ; Average raiiifall — 22 inches. Af^ea — lOf acres. Overseer -Mr. P. K. Bhagwat. OC ct-su LL* 'j s "-9 ^ ^ < %1 1 1 1 -a 2 1 1 -3 JSdnimati, IvuiufaU (1908 07) Average Wadgaon (ucar Hoi). Rainfall (1906.07) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 as 2 17 1 6 ' 1/ 3 00 4 50 1 II 1 9 2 65 0 67 1 II 10 3 1 53 10 92 / II 0 5 6 65 2 82 1 2 3 81 0 0 0 49 0 69 3^3 ' 7 0 13 0 0 0 0 / '/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 / '/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' '/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 '1 23 8ti 21 39 23 25 I.— Introduction. 2. These demonstrations consist of three detached plots. Two near the town of Banimati and one at Hoi about 17 miles from Baramati. One of the two plots near Baramati is a light soil plot and measures one acre, the other plot has a heavy black soil anci measures 3 acres 27 gunthas.' These two plots are rented at an annual rent of Bs. 51^. The plot at Hoi' has been lent by Eao Bahadur B. M. Xenjale on the condition that the Agriculture Department is to supply only the manure and the owner to take the produce in return for the cultivation charges. ,A 11 the three plots are under the command of irrigation from the Nira Canal. The plots near Baramati are devoted to the cultivation of Broach cotton under irrigation and the plot at Hoi to irrigation and manurial experiments with sugarcane. 22 The demonstrations were commenced in 1906 nnder Govern- ment Resolution No. 5126, dated 25th May 1906. They had their origin in the investigation of the question of water-logging and saline efflorensence in the Baramati tract. II. — Meteorology, 3. The monsoon commenced timely in June and was suf- ficient for sowing of kharif crops. In the month of July rain was in defect of the average, bub was sufl&cient for the standing crops. The rainfall in August was much in excess of the usual quantity. Heavy rain in the third week of September caused the cotton plants to lodge. The crop continued in fairly good conditions till January when cloudly weather caused bolls and flowers to fall. The unusual rain in April 1907 affected the outturn of cotton which was then being picked. The season was on the whole a fair one., III. —Cotton Experiments. Ja, The rented land came into the hands of the Agricultural Department by the 23rd of June, which was rather late for prexmration of the field. On account of heavy rain by the end of June the deep soil field had become inaccessible for several days. The i)reparatory tillage was complete by the 7th of August when the field was divided into two equal plots. One plot was planted according to the ordinary method (bed system), and the second according to the ridge system. In the former system seed was dibbled 3' apart in rows and in the latter, the field was put up into ridges 1' apart and 5 seeds were dibbled on the side of the ridge one foot apart. Sowing was done on the 7th, 8th and 9th of August. In all three waterings were given to the plots. One in August, the second in October, and the third in January. Picking commenced on the 1st of April 1907 and was finished by the 24th ot* May. In a similar manner, the light soil area was divided into two half-acre plots which were sown according to the bed and ridge systems. These plots were sown on the 24th and 25th of July 19()0. They received five waterings, first on ilst July, Jsecoud on 12th August, thira on i5th September, fourth on 1st iNovember, and the 6th on the iird of i'ebruary. PicJ^ing was commenced at the end of March and ended by the Ibt of May 1907, 23 Tlie outturn results are tabulated below Besults per aero. Area under expcri- meat. System, Number of canal waterings. Survey No. Seed cotton. Value of produce. Cost of cultiva- tion. Remarks. A. fc'. Lbs. Rs. a, p. Es. a. p. 107 133^ Bed 251 28 13 0 ..» 3 Soil hea\ y ; germination fair ; heavy rains in August and September ,, 133?. Ruhe ^ .« 139 9 13 0 •.. 3 affected the plants eon«iderablv ; 1 several plants on rid.ufcs lodged, growth stunted; owing to cloudv weather bolls and flowers dropped in January; aphides appeared in the crop in February ; by the end of the month plants appeared healthy, but many bolls dried when young. 126 0 20 Bed 808 £0 8 0 Gl li S 5 Soil light ; germination uneven ; heavy rains caused the plants grown on ridges to lodge ; bolls and ,, 0 20 Bidgc G18 38 10 0 59 8 2 5 tiowers dropped in J..nuary; aphides appeared in February ; on i tlio whole the crop \ias healthy. X.B.—The cost of cultivation is rather hgh owing to tho watchinar ch-irgca which were necessary on account of the isolated position of tho fields. On account of lieavy rainfall, the sowing could not be under- taken in time in the heavy soil and the effect of late sowing has shown itselE in the poor outturn. The over-saturation of tho field from the adjoining sugarcane plot may have also affected the outturn. In the light soil plot the sowing was also rather late, but the heavy rain does not appear to have affected the yield much, and in spite of aphides the crop yielded 618 lbs. of seed cotton in the ridge system and 808 lbs. in the bed system. IV.— Irrigation Experiments with Sugarcane. 5. These experiments were divided into two blocks. In the first block the sugarcane was planted on the 1st of February 1906 ; the experiment was commenced on the 27th of May, when the crop stood about 4' high and had received about ten waterings. At this time the cane crop was almost even in growth in all the plots. In this block the following was the scheme of experiments: — Plot I — To receive water equal to 8" of rainfall every 10 days. ,, II— To receive water equal to 4" of rainfall every 10 days. J, 111 — To receive water equal to 3'' of rainfall every 10 days. ,, IV— To receive water equal to 2^ of rainfall at an interval of G days in the hot weather and 8 days in the cold weather. 24i Tlie following table sliows the results :— No of plot. I II III IV Water eqnal to inches of rainfall. ilntervals between waterings. Davs. No. of water- ings. 10 10 10 6 in hot weather and 8 in cold Results per acre. Quantity of water in cubic feet. wea ther. 813,120 377.520 261.360 475,092 Weight of canes topped. Lbs. 104,947 102.440 97,4S2 99.29(3 Weight I Weight of j of tops. ; juice. Weight of Gul. Lbs. 15.162 15,75u 17.557 18,533 Lbs. 80,405 80.139 78.055 80,133 Lbs. 13.704 13.4'Jf) l-473:i 13,15<7 Percentage of Juice to cane. 76-6 78-2 80*0 80-7 Gul Gul to to juice. cane. 17-2 13 16 7 13 16-3 13 16-4 13 The results are inconclusive. 6. In the second block sugarcane was planted on the Ist of March 1906. At the time of the commencement of the experiment (27th May), the cane crop was 3' to 3^' high and had received about 8 waterings. In this block the scheme of experiments was this : — Plot I — To receive water equal to 1§" of rainfall every oth day. j^ II — To receive water equal to 2" of rainfall every 7th „ III— To receive water equal to 2|'' of rainfall every 10th ,, ^^ lY — To receive water equal to V of rainfall every 15th „ The outturn results are tabulated below. Water equal to inches of rainfall. Interval between water- ings. 6 T 10 15 No. of water- ings. Results per acre. Percentage of No. of plot. Quantity of water in cubic feet. Weight of canes, topped. Weight of tops. Weight ju^ce. Weight. Gul. Juice to cane. Gul to juice. Gul to cane. I II III IV 63 89 23 18 820 660 283,140 251,680 261,360 Lbs. 98,289 98,080 101,699 95,033 Lbs. 16.151 13,464 16,077 16,807 Lbs. 78.683 79,475 86.112 79.6S5 Lbs 12.779 13,397 14,776 13,402 799 810 84 0 aro 16-2 16-8 171 lC-8 130 13 G 145 IVl From the above statement it will be seen that the plot receiving 2%" of water every 10th day has produced a compara- tively high outturn (14,776 lbs.). The crop in plot I was rather poor at the commencement of the experiments. The other plots II and IV have given yields above the average. The percentages of juice to cane and Gul to juice are comparatively high in all the plots. 25 v.— Manurial Experiments with Surgarcane. 7. The soil was medium red and had grown a crop of gram in the previous season. The field was divided into seven 10 guntha plots. The planting of cane was done between 25th and 27th of March 1906 and crushing was finished in June 1907. The following was the scheme of experiments : — Plot I.— -Poudrette manure applied in two dressings. ,; II. — Farmyard manure before planting- + Safflower cake as a top-dressing'. „ III. — Farmyard manure before planting + Nitrate of Potash as a top-dressing", _,, IV, — Farmyard manure before planting + fish as a top-dressing. ,, v.— Farmyard manure before planting + ashes + fish as a top-dressing. ,, YI. — Farmyard raamu'e before planting + castor cake as a top-dressing. ^, VII.— The usual quantity of manure ordinarily applied by the cultivators. Farmyard manure, castor cake and fish manure were used. The results are tabulated beloAV :-— r, 1051«-i 26 .5 e I M il a> o Sj5 I I If 5 a ' "" Z^^ .1 o^ o •: '-' , I c o « • o ? be a. .2S u-s-s 2 iifi* ^ I ^- I g o sag -g^S^ t. /.T 123 OOVEBSMRiCT CE»'TRA{i t^ASA. '{V ^uruRlWA ■^. ■■' 15 t93p u u u UQRARY ANNUAL REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK 01' THE NADIAD AGRICULTURAL STATION (Kaira District, Gujarat) FOR THE YEAR 1906-1907 BY F. FLETCHEE, M.A., B.Sc, etc, l)e]}uty Director of Agriculture, BOMBAY PRINTED AT TUE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL TRESS 1907 [Frice—ba. ur hi] OFFiCIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. In Englatfd. E. A. Arnold, 41 & 43, Maddox Street, Bond Street, "W., Loadon. Constable & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Squar.^, W. C, London. Grindlay & Co., 64, Parliament Street, S. W., London. Henry S. King* & Co., 65, Cornhill, E. C, London. P. S. King & Son, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W., London. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trnbner & Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, W., London. B. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W., London. T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C. W. Thacker & Co., 2, (^-eed Lane. London. E. C. B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Bread Street, Oxford. Deighton Bell & Co., Cambridge. On the Continents Friedlander & Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin. Rudolf Haupt, Ilalle-a-S., Germany. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig. Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig. Ernest Leroux, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris. Martinus Nijhoflf, The Hague. In India, Higginbotham & Co., Madras. V. Kalyanaraiiia Iyer & Co., Madras- p. R. Rama lyar & Co , Madras. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta. W. Newman & Co., Calcutta. S. K. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta. R. Cambray & Co., Calcutta. Thacker & Co. (Ld.), Bombay, A. J. Combridge & Co., Bombay. Curator, Government Central Book Depot, Bombay D. B. Taraporevala, Sons & Co., B)ml)ay. Sunder Pandurang, Bookseller, etc., liombay. Gopal Narayen & Co., Booksellers, et"., Bombay. N» B. Mathur, N. iC H. Press, Allahabad. i3«jpartmcnt of asvicultuie, Uomliag. ANNUAL REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK OP THE NADIAD AGRICULTURAL STATION (Kaira District, Gujardt) FOR THE YEAR 1906-190'; BY l\ FLETCHEB, M.A., B.Sc, e.ec., Deputy Dircoior of Agriculture, BO MBAY PRINTED AT THE (JOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS 1007 Vernacular names of crops, &c., mentioned in the report and their Botanical and English equivalents. Botanical. Oryza sativa Peniiisetcuin typhoideum Pauicum scrobiculatum Ilordeuni vulgare Andropogou sorghum var. vulgare. Do* ceruuum Elusine coracana Triticuni vulgare Pulses- Cajanus indicus Cicer arietinum Phageolu8 mungo Phaseolus radiatus Dolichos lablab Cyamopsis psoralioides Glycine hispida Oilseeds- Sesan^nm indicus Kicinus communis Arachis hypogea Eruca sativa Fibre Plants, Gossypium herbaceum Do. ne^ectura Hibiscus cannabinus Crotolaria juncea Condiments. Cuminum cyminum Capsicum frutescens Pimpinella anisum Allium cepa Brassica juncea Sugar* J-'achharum officinarum Narcotics. Nicotiana tabacum Vegetables. Solanum melongtna 8olanuni tuberosum Momordica charantia English. Rice Buirush millet Kodra millet Barley Great millet Do. Mama millet Wheat Pigeon pea Gram Green gram Black gram Indian bean Field vetch Soy beans. Sesamum Castors Groundnut Gujardt and Dhdrwdr cotton Do. Brown hemp Bombay hemp Cumine Chillies Anise Onions Mustard Sugarcane Tobacco Brinjal ... Potato ... Bitter gourd Veruacular. Ddngar (Sutarsdl, Kamotlj. Bdjri, Bajro, Kodra. Jao. Jowdr, b'undhia. B&vto. Ghau. Tuver. Ghana. Mag. Adad. Vdl. Guvdr. Tal. Diveli. Bhoising, Jdmbho, Broach, Ghogari, &c., kapis. Kozi kapas. Sheria, Atnbddi. San. Jiru. Marcha, Varidli. Kdnda. RAi. Kumta, Sherdi. Tamb^khu. Vengan, Batata. K4reli. One guntha 5*^5 of an acre. b992— a THE NADIA^D AaRICULTURAL STATION, 1906-07. UstablisJied—ldOS; North Latitude —22'' 41'; East Lon- gitude— 73° 0'; Elevation — approximately sea level; Soil — alluvial loam (Var. Goradu) ; Average rainfall— ^^' 6i'' ; Temperature — maximum ll^"^ in May, minimum 43° in January. Area — 44 acres. Superintendent — Mr, Dattatraya Hari Tagdre. Season. 1 1 "' 1 3 a be 1 1 1 S5 S r 1 1 A ^ ;! 1 Ral!»fail- / ft ' // ' " ' // ' II / // / // / // I n 1 II / // ' II ' // (1906-07) ... 0 0 0 0 6 35 11 15 13 26 0 12 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 0 2 30 67 ' // ' // / H ' " / // ' // ' // Avera-fft 0 1 0 15 4 49 U 8 9 64 6 16 0 44 0 37 0 5 0 3 0 16 0 6 34 61 Temperature (1906-07J— Mean maximum 105° 103° 97" i)3" 91° 89° 96° 94° 90° 83° 88" 98° Meau miaiirum 74» 83° 83° 81° 79° 78° 72° 62° .6- 51° 55° 64° 2. The monsoon commenced early; The first shower of rain came on the 16th June and by the 29th June there was sufficient rain to sow all crops. Since the famine this was the first year in which sowing could be commenced in June. The rain was quite favourable for germination. During the first fortnight of July, there was slight rain and cultivators were very anxious to have heavy rains for transplanting rice. Seedlings of rice were rather overgrown as they could not be planted till 25th of July. Heavy rainfall on the 24th and 25th of July damaged the young cotton plants to some extent. There was only an inch of rain during the first fortnight of August. Bajri, Tal, Tuver, etc., crops grew vigorously, Bajri grew very vigorously and promised a good yield. About the middle of August, Kodra plants began to wither in some places. On the 26th August there was a heavy rainfall and the fine crop of Bajri was badly laid. The flowers were washed off and the subsequent constant rain for a weelt caused the ears to rot. This season there was Bajri smut very prevalent in the district and naturally the farm suffered along with the rest, with the result that the Bajri crop was a total failure. Some of the cultivators did not even take the trouble to harvest the crop as it consisted of nothing but inferior Bdjri straw. B 992—1 Owing to the favourable time of transplanting even the small seedlings of tobacco were planted ; but on account of constant rain, they rotted and there were several blanks in the fields. The scarcity of seedlings was much felt this year and many a cultivator made a profitable business in selling extra seedlings. Kodra, barley, rice, etc., were much benefited by this rain. In the month of September there were only 3*65 inches of rain. On the whole it may be said that the season was a favourable one for crops in general when compared with the past few years. Manurial Experiments. 3. Irrigated Tobacco, — The object was — (1) to compare the effects of the following manures : (a) Farmyard manure, (6) Castor-cake, {c) Earni} ard manure + castor-cake, {d) Farmyard manure + nitre, {e) Farmyard manure 4 sodium nitrate, (/) Farmyard manure + ammonium sulphate, {g) San ploughed in as green manure ; (2) to compare tobacco grown in rotation with tobacco grown continuously ; (3) to compare the effects of ordinary and deep ploughing on tobacco. By deep ploughing is meant ploughing with an English Turn- wrest plough followed by a country wooden plough in the same furrow. The following table shows the details of cultivation of the several tobacco plots ; — 3 if ±^ « O.J- "3 00 00 C» © 00 ^ I- 1:- »0 TK O O CI lO ^^ ^^ '^^ "^^ •=. <^„ '■''„ l"i "^ (.j i-T r-T i-J M I-? i-T rH i-T .-T r-T i-T oT e-f —T r-T r^ ,_r TJ::;::: : •:: :::::: o §-opo ddo o dod 006660 ll So ft R Ic3 ft ft 2 Q ■ Q ft 35 OS ,0 . O > "go o o a fi -2 »-5fi: ^ d o 5 d t-^^Q S ft o S« |§^ 2 • I la 3 Q « o Q a s Q P i'2 i P4 < . a OOP O P O Q 5 Q 2 o ft O o o o o £§0 i Owing to the saltish irrigation water the cured leaves were not bright in colour. The nitre and sodium nitrate plots were severely damaged by wilt disease. Green manure (San) has produced a better yield. The cured leaves are thinner and rather whitish in appearance. This green manure makes the soil very soft and is likely to encourage the growth of Yacuinba (Orobanche Nicotiana). No conclusions can be drawn as some of the plots are damaged by wilt disease. 4. JRice. — The object was — (1) to compare farmyard manure with nitre, (2) to compare rice manured and irrigated with rice manured but not irrigated, (3) to compare rice grown unman ured and unirrigated with rice grown manured but not irrigated. The variety of rice grown was Sutarsal. The results are as under : — Manure. ! i Yield per acre. riot Ko. Area. Cror. Tillage. IiTigation. Value ICost of of cultira- Kind. Quantity per acre. Time of Grain. Straw. produce. tion. Gun- 1 1 Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. thap. ( I F. y. M. ... Ordinary < ' + ( 1 Nitre ... 71 1on8«. June ... 1 90 6 Klcc ... }Nil ... ],2fiC 2,046 46 6 2 57 8 G 80 lbs. ... August... / 01 6 Do. ... Do. ...j Nil Nil ... •" Nil ... 1,200 2,146 44 10 6 36 4 0 93 6'* To. ... Do. ...1 F. Y. M. ... 7i tons ... June ... Nil ... 1,127 2,051 43 0 8 50 10 11 Cl F. Y.M.... 75 tons... Juue ... 1 94 6 Do. ... Do. .^ + > Irrigat- 1,933 2,413 es 7 6 64 6 0 I Nitre ... BOlbs. ... August.,. 95 8-6 Do. ... Do. . F.y. M.... ! • i 7i tons... June ... Do. ... 1,529 1,915 54 1 4 58 8 6 The crops are all below Ihe average; owmg to the sandy nature of the soil these rice beds cannot at present hold sufficient moisture. Nitre has apparently produced a considerable increase in the irrigated rice. On the irrigated plots the addition of nitre (worth Rs. 8) to farmyard manure increased the value of the crop by some Rs. 14. Rotation Series Experiments. 5. Series L — The object was to see the effects of ordinary and deep ploughing on the following rotation and to compare it with others : — 1st year ^^^^ Jim and Kareli. 2nd year — Sundhia. 3rd year — Kodra and mixture* The following statement shows the details of plots and cultiva« tion ill this series : — Manure. In rotation or continuous. Plot No. Area. Crop. Tillage. Kind. Quantity per acre. Time of applica- tion. Irrigated or not. 8 Guulhas "1 (a) Bajri (b) Jiru Karcli ... \ ) Ordinary ... Nil ... F. Y. M.. Nil ... 10 tons ... November In rotation ... Nil. Irrigated. 19 10 Do. ... Peep Do. ... Do. ... Do. ... In rotation ... Do. 6 '» Stindhia ... Ordinary Nil ... Nil ... ... Do. ... Nil. 17 10 Do. ... Deep Nil ... Nil ... ... Do. ... Nil. 7 10 Kodra and mix- Ordinary Nil ... Nil ... ... Do. ... Nil. 18 1 1 10 Do. ... Deep Nil ... Nil ... ... Do. ... Nil. The results of Bajri and Jiru are as under : — Crop. Plot No. 8 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No, 19 deeply ploughed. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of Grain. Straw, Grain. Straw. cultiyation. Lbs. Lbs, Rs. a. p. ! Rs. a. p. 1 Lbs. Lbs. Rs, a. p. Bs. a. p. Bajri 540 4,536 22 15 4 19 13 8 1 624 4,800 29 1 4 22 5 8 Jiru Karcli 476 54 9 4 58 13 8 588 tM 67 6 8 63 1 8 N 0 t fi ni shed. The yield of Bajri is below the average owing to heavy rains at the end of August. The Jiru was a promising crop but was damaged seriously by rain in February, The quality of the produce was inferior. The results of Sundhia are as under : — Crop. Plot No. 6 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No. 17 deeply ploughed. Yield per acre. Vjvlne of Cost of Yield per acre Value of produce. Cost of Grain Straw. produce. cultivation. Grain. Straw. cultivation. fiundhia Lbs. 128 Lb. 5,i;2 Rs. a. p. 25 6 0 Rs, a. p. 19 9 4 Lbs. 212 Lbs. 6,780 Rs. a. p. 31 4 8 Rb. a. p. 23 9 0 0 The results of the Kodra mixture are as under :• Crop. Plot No. 7 ardinarily ploughed. Plot No. 18 deeply ploughed. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. YicUl per acre. Value of produce. Cost of Grain. Straw. Grain. Straw. cultiTation. Lbs. Lbs. Rs, a. p. Rs. a. p. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Koira . 252 648 4 15 4 p 189 548 3 12 4 ^ Tal Shcria . . ... ... .» SOS 148 Fibre 80 26 0 0 1 i M7 8 0 7 7 4| 372 i Fibre 96 44 31 6 0 4 7 0 '20 0 0 Tuver . 556 668 20 7 0 1 i 416 \ 500 1 15 i 8 58 13 8 5t 14 0 Tlie crop of Tal was very good. 6, Series II, — The object was to see the effects of ordinary and deep ploughing on the following rotation and to compare it with others : — Ist year ... ... ... Bajri^ Math and Tuver. 2nd year ... ... ... Kodra and mixture, 3rd year ... ... ... Sundhia. The following statement shows the details of plots and culti- vation under this series : — Plot Area. Crop. Manure. In rotation or continuous. Irrigaicu or not. • No. TUlagc. Kind. Quantity Time of I)er acre, application. 11 82 9 20 10 Guntlias. w 10 10 10 10 10 Bajri, Math and Tuvcr. Do. Kodra and mix- ture. Do. Sundhia Do. Ordinary ... Deep Ordinary ... Deep Ordinary ... Deep F. Y. M. ... Do. ... Nil Nil Nil Nil 5 tons ... Do. Nil Nil Nil Nil June Do. ;;;;;; In rotation. Do. ... Do. ... Do. ... Do. «, Do. ... Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. The results of Bajri, Math and Tuvei • are as under : — J Crop. Plot No. 11 ordinarily plousfhcd. Plot No. 22 deeply ploutfhed. 1 Yield per acra Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of ■ • Grain. ■ Lbs. 228 212 308 Straw. Grain. straw. cultivatiffl R^jri >Iat]i Ttivcr '■; Z '..'. Lbs. 2.284 l,«i)6 341 Rs. a. p. ]2 3 4 S 11 0 11 4 4 Rs. a. p. 1 32 ] 4 Lbs. 272 ]80 408 Lbs. 2.272 1,264 o61 Rs. a. p. 13 11 0 7 0 4 13 5 0 31 0 4 Rs. a. iS 34 9 4 32 2 8 The yield of Bajri is much below the average. There is not much difference between ordinarily ploughed and deeply ploughed plots. The results of Sundhia are as under : — Crop. Plot No. 10 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No. 21 deeply ploughed. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Rs. a. p. 21 8 0 Yie'.d p er acre. Value of produce. Cost of Grain. Straw.- Grain. Straw. oiiltivutiou. Sundhia Lbs. 388 Lbs. 4,452 Es. a. p. 32 14 0 Lbs. 412 Lbs. 4,132 Rs. a. p. 33 6 4 Rs. a. p. 24 4 8 The results of Kodra are as under : — Crop. Plot No. 9 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No 20 deeply ploughed. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. Valne of produce. Cost of Grain. Straw. Grain. Straw. cultivation. Kodra Tal Sheria TuYcr ' Lbs. 4S2 56 132 432 Lbs. 863 pVbre 72 4C0 Rs. a. p. 8^8 4 11 8 6 11 0 15 12 4 Rs, a. p. M9 6 8 J Lbs. 528 120 140 312 Lbs. 1.100 Fibre 76 352 Rs. a. p, 10 4 4 10 2 0 7 1 4 11 7 0 Es. a, p, 1 21 li 8 85 9 8 38 14 8 There is no difference between the two plots ; the value of produce is similar. 7. Series III. — The object was to see the effects of deep and ordinary ploughing on the following rotation and to compare it with others^l — {a) 1st year Tobacco manured with fariu yard manure, 2ncl year Kodra mixture, (h) 1st year Tobacco manured with green manure, 2nd year Kodra mixture. The details of plots and cultivation in the series are as under : — riot No. Area in gunthas. Manure. Crop, 25 10 36 10 24 10 35 10 27 10 38 10 26 10 37 10 Tobacco Do. Kodra niiiture Do. Tobacco Eo. Kodra mixture Do. Tillage. Ordinary Deep Ordinary Deep Ordinary Deep Ordinary Deep Kind. Green Nil Nil P. Y, M. Do. Nil Nil Quantity XDcr acre. Time of a)>plieation. maniire (of San) Do. Nil Nil- 15 tons Do, Nil Nil .June Do. In rotation or continuous. In rotation. Do. ,. Do. ... Do. .,. Do ... Do. ... Do, ... Do. ... Irrigated or not. Irirgated Do. Nil. Nil, lrris:at(d. Do. Nil. Nil. 8 The results of tobacco have already been noted (page 3). The results of Kodra grown in rotation with tobacco manured | with green manure are as under : — I Crop. Plot No. 24 ordinarily ploughed. riot No. 35 deeply ploughed. Yield per acre. 1 Value of ! Cost of produce. , cultivation. Yield per acre. Value of produce . Cost of Grain. Straw. Grain. Straw, cultivation. Lbs, Lbs. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Codn 1,416 3,153 27 8 8 A 1,304 2.941 25 11 2 1 Tal Sheria CO 208 Fibre 160 5 1 0 1 )' 20 G 0 14 4 4 1 11 13 4 \j 112 152 ... Fibre 84 9 7 4 7 12 0 1- 22 14 0 1 Taver 324 3(30 432 492 15 13 4 1 1 58 11 4 1 58 11 10 Yield of both the plots is similar. The results of Kodra grown in rotation with tobacco manured with farmyard manure are as under : — Plot No. 26 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No. 37 deeply ploughed. Crop. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Rs. a. p. Cost of Grain. Straw, Grain. Straw. cultivation. Lbs. Lb!.. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Ifodra 1,203 3,372 24 C 4 ^ 1.272 3,512 23 9 7 ^ Tal Sberia 223 218 Fibre 120 19 4 0 11 13 0 1 1 r 20 32 0 J 208 9 Fibre 44 17 8 8 4 7 0 )^ 23 4 0 Tuvcr 752 910 27 12 0 600 633 22 4 0 J 83 3 4 70 13 3 If the above four plots be compared, it seems that Kodra aften a crop manured with farmyard manure grows better than after a crop manured with green manure. 8. Series IF.— The object was to see the effects of deep and ordinary ploughing on the following rotation and compare it with others : — Ist year 2nd year 3rd year Vari^li. (a) BAjri. (b) Onions. Kodra and mixture. 9 Tlu^ following table gives the details of j)lots and cultivation in this series : — Manure. Plot Area in gunthas. Crop, Tilb-e. In rot 't ion or continuous. Irrisfatoi or not. No. Kind Quantity Time of ' per acre. application. 31 10 Varii'ili Ordinary ... F. Y. M. ... 1-2 V tons Juno In rotition. Irri)?atcd , 41 10 Do. Deep D). ... D,-. Do. Do. ... Uo. ,o{ («) r^ajri Ordinary ... Nil Nil Do. ... Nil. 28 6) O:iio..s ... Do. Caator-cakc. sro lbs. ... Jar.nary ... Do. ... Irrizated. 39 10 Do. Dfep Do. ... Do. Do. ... Du. ... Do. 29 10 Ko'Jri ini.. ... Nd Nil ... Nil Nil ... 5 to-s ... Do. ... V»7 Nil Nil ... Nil June ... Do. ... ... ... In rotation ... Do. Do. ... Do. Do. ... Do. ... Nil. Ml. Nil. tid. Nil. Nil. The results of Bdjri mixture are as under : — Crop* BAjri Math Mag Tuyer Plot No, 32 ordinarily ploughed. Yield per acre. Grain. Lbs. 304 44 360 308 Fodder. Value of produce. Lbs. 2.533 2,5SS 428 Rs. a, p. 1.5 10 0 1 11 0 16 6 8 11 7 0 Cost of cnltivatiou. Rs. a. p. [36 6 8 45 2 8 Plot No, 43 deeply ploughed. Yield per acre. Val'io of produce. Grain. Straw. Lbs. 34^ 40 280 184 Lbs. 2,(580 2S8 1,816 216 Ks. a. p. 17 8 4 19 4 12 6 0 0 12 8 88 4 4 Co.3t of cultivation. Rs. a. p. S8 12 8 The results of Koira mixture are as under : — Plot No. 31 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No. 42 deeply ploughed. Crop. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of Grain. 1 Falder. 1 Grain. Fodder. cultivation. Koii*. Tal I'livor L'.R. 1J2S •iS lOfi 232 Lbs. 2,0S4 Fibre 81 2W Rs. a. p. 22 2 4 4 0 8 8 1-3 4 8 7 8 Rs. a. p. vl8 12 0 J Lb«. 1,076 241 27(5 2.2 Lbs. 2,040 Fibre 100 300 Rs. n. p. 21 2 8 23 9 4 11 7 4 10 15 4 63 2 8 Rn. n. p. i 1 1^21 4 0 1 J 43 7 0 11 The results of B.-ivfo, castors and Vdl are as under :—r Plot No, 83 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No. 43 deeply ploughed. Crop, Yield per aero. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. Valne of produce. Cost of Gniiii. Fodder. Grain. Fodder. eultivatioti. Bavto Castors Val green pods Do. Graiu Lbs. L.-iSO 292 7«8 101 Lb3. 2,843 Rs. a. p, 53 15 0 IS 4 0 10 10 0 3 4 0 Rs. a. p. Csi 14 8 Lbs. 1.33 'i 2H8 712 84 Lbs. 2.55(> ••• Rs. a. p. 47 5 4 16 12 0 9 14 0 2 10 0 76 9 4 Rs. a. p. •34 6 8 86 1 0 10. Series VI, — The object was to see the effects of ordinary and deep ploughing on the following rotation and to compare it with others : — 1st year ... ... Sugarcane. 2nd year ... ... ChiUies. 3rd year ... ... B?^jri. The following state nent shows the details of plots, crops, cultivation, etc., in this series; — Manure. Ar(>i\ riot 2^0. in Kun- thas. Crop. Tillage. Kind. Quantities per acre. Time of application. In rotation or coutiauous. Irrigated or not. 45A 5 Sucrarcaue. Ordinary ... Castor-cake.. 8,000 lbs. May -July ... In rotation ... Irrigated. 63A 5 Do. .. Deep ... ( Do. Cast or- cake Do. ... .000 lbs. Do. Do. Do. 45 i^ 5 Do. .. Ordinary. < + Amnion i u n 400 lbs. [ Do, Do. Do. 53B 5 To. .. Deep Ordinary | sulphate. Castor-cake... Do. ... 1.000 lbs. ' Do. Do. Do. -4; A 0 Do. ... -^ • Do. Do. Do. Nitre 400 lbs. j 54A a Do. .. Deep c Ordinary \ : Do. Castor-cake.. + Do. ... k.OOO lbs Do. ... 1 Do. Do. 46B 5 Do. ... Nitre 200 lbs. l-Do. ... Do. Do. Amnion i u m 200 lb. 1 V sulphate. / 5AB 5 Do. ... Deep Ordinary... Do. Do. ... ' Do. Do. Do. 49 10 Cl-.illes .. Castor-cake.. 3,0iK) lb. Do. Do. Do. 57 10 Do. Deep i Do Castor -cake Do. ... 3.000 lbs. Do. ) Do. Do. 50 10 Do. .. Ordinary. \ 4- Supe r p h 0 8- phatc. 500 lbs, \ Do. Dj. Do. 53 10 Da. .. Deep Do. Do. ... Do. Do. Do. 17 10 BAjri Ordinary ... Nil Nil ... Do. Do. 5.T 10 Do. I'eep mi Nil ... Do. Do. 48 10 Do. Ordinary ... Nil Nil ... ... Do. Do. 5(3 10 Po. Deep Nil Nil Do. Do. Sugarcane was planted in May but on account of white ants, germination waa very poor. It was also attacked by borers after- wards and the crop was ploughed up. 12 Results of Bajri are as under : — Plot Nos. 47-18 ordinarily ploughed. riot Xos. 55.56 deeply ploughed. Crop. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cnltivation. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of Grain. Fodder. Grain. Fodder. B.jri ... Lbs. 544 Lbs. 5,503 Rs. a. p. 2S 4 2 Rs. a. p. 19 12 4 Lis. 578 5,072 Rs. a. p. •M 0 10 Rs. a. p. 22 4 4 The crop was damaged by late rains. The results of chillies are as under : — Plot No. Crop. Chillies Po. To. Do. Tillage. Ordinary Deep Ordinary Deep Manure. Yield per acre. Value of produce. [ Cost of cultivation. Castor-cake Do. Superphosp hate + ca.stor-cake. Do. Lbs. 752 2,636 1,786 5,133 Rs. a. p. 15 10 8 54 14 8 37 3 4 107 0 8 Rs, a, p. 119 11 0 138 13 4 132 14 4 1-50 15 4 Kcmar];s. Totally dams by white ant and it w The resuUs are very poor. 11. Series VII. — The object was to see the effects of deep ordinary ploughing on the following rotations and to compare ith ethers : — 1st year ... ... {a) Bajri, {h) Wheat. 2n(l year ... ... Kodra and mixture Ihe details of plots, crops, cultivation, etc., are as under :— Manure. Area iu Crop, Tillao-c, Iu rotation Plot 1 Irrigated Ho. gnn- thas. Kind. ' Quantity per acie. Time of application. or continuous. or not. 62 10 Kodr;i rr.ix- turo. OrLlinavy ... Nil m In rotation... Nil. 60 10 Do. Deep i\il Ml Do. NH. fil :«[ (a) liajri ... (6) Wheat ... 1 Ordinary . . /F Y. M.. 10 tons ... Nil I June Do. CNil. \Init,'ate3. 59 10 Do. ... Deep \\ii Nil Juoo Do. D«. 13 The results of Kodra mixture are as under Plol No. 52 ordinarily ploug bed. Plot No. CO deeply ploughed. Crop. Yield per acre. Yiold per acre. Value of Cost of Value of Cost of produce. cultivation. produce. cultivation. Grain. Fodder. Grain. Fodder. Lbs. Lbs. ■ Rs. a. p. Rs a. p. Lbs. Lbs. Rs a. p. Rs. a. p. Ko In rotation ... Do. 1 Sundhia ... Do. ... mi Nil ... Nil i 74 10 Do. ... r>eep ». Do. ... Do. ... Do. Do . Do. 6.i 10 Bdjri Ordinary ... mi Nil ... ^ Ist year Bcliri. 2nd year r Potatoes 1 with green j manure. Nil. 7'> 10 Do. Deep Ordinary ... Nil Nil Nil. 05 10 Do. Nil Nil ... ^ Ist year Bajri, Nit, 1 2nd yoai y Potatoes 1 with castor- 73 10 Do. Deep Nil Ml ... J cake. Nil. li The results of Bajri, potatoes and Sundliia grown in one year are as under : — Plot No. 61 ordinarily ploughed. Plot Xo. 71 deeply plouj. ^hed. Crop. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of Grain. Fodder. Grain. Fodder. cultivation A. Bajri B. Potatoes C. SundhiH Lbs. 680 4.080 Lbs. 5,028 6.068 Rb. a. p. 31 11 8 55 15 4 30 5 4 Rs a. p. ?8 11 8 137 11 4 20 12 0 Lbs. 79fi 4,0J0 Lbs. 5,463 5.516 Rs. a, p. S5 10 0 68 0 0 27 0 4 Rs. a. p. 41 3 8 144 7 4 31 12 0 The results of potatoes and Sundhia grown in rotation with the above plot are as under : — Plot No. 62 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No. 72 deeply ploughed. Crop. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. Value of produce. roFt of Grain. Fodder. Grain, j Fodder. cultivation. A. Pooatccs B. Suiidbia Lbs. i Lbs. 7.520 1 ... ... , 4,f)16 Rs. a. p. Wi 2 0 23 1 4 Rs. a. p. 133 10 8 31 2 0 Lbs, 8,4'i0 Lbs. 6,724 Rs. a. p. 115 3 0 33 10 0 Rs. a. p. las 0 8 36 10 0 The results of potatoes and Sundhia grown in rotation with the above plot are as under : — Plot Na 64 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No. 74 deeply ploughed. Crop. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of Grain. Fodder. Grain. Fodder. cultivation. Lbs. 6,180 Lbs. l!924 Rs. a. p. 84 12 0 45 10 0 Rs. a. p. 140 0 0 32 12 0 Lbs. 6,860 Lbs. 8,'243 A. Potatoes B. Sundhia Rs. a. p. 94 1 4 41 4 0 Rs. a. p. 144 I 0 39 0 0 The results of Bajri grown in rotation with potatoes manured with green manure are as under : — Crop. Plot No. 63 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No. 73 deeply ploughed. Yield per aero. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. yield per a-re. Value of produce. Cost of Grain. Fodder. Grain. Fodder. culti vatiou Bajri Lbs. 688 Lbs. 5,428 Rs. a. p. 31 4 8 Rs. a. p. 27 14 4 Lbs. 624 Lbs. 6,31*5 Rs. a. p. 33 6 8 Rs. a. p. SO 6 4 15 The results of Bajri grown in rotation with potatoes manured with castor-cake are as under : — Plot No. r.5 ortlinarily ploughed. Plot No. 75 deeply pbiighed. Crop. Yifcl 1 per aero. Value of produce. Cost of cultivatio.!. YicM po/ cere. Value of produce. Co«!t of - Grain. Lbs. 672 Fodder. Gra-n. Fodder. cultivation. BAjri Lbs. 5,980 Rs. a. p. 33 9 0 Es. a. p. 47 13 0 Lbs. 552 Lbs. 6,012 Rs. a. p. 29 11 4 Rs. a. p. 50 7 8 Bajri in all plots is below the average owing to the damage done by the late rains. Potato cultivation was costly owing to the high price of seed potatoes. The seed was purchased at Rs. 2-8-0 per niaund and the produce was sold at As. 10 per maund. This is due to the variation in the market. The plot m mured with green manure and deeply ploughed has alone given an average outturn. S;ilt water of the well seems to have had some effect on the potatoes. From the Jowar plots it seems that the green manure leaves less manurial residue for the next crop than farmyard manure. 13. Series JX— -The object was to compare the effects of deep and ordinary plouij^hing on the following crops and rotations and to compare Rozi cotton with Broach cotton : — (a) Ist year ... ... Kodra and mixture. 2nd J, ... ... B^jri mixture. 3rd „ ... ... Broach cotton. {h) 1st year ... ... Kodra mixture and Rozi cotton. 2nd „ B^jri do. The details of plots, crops, cultivation, etc., are noted below : — Plot No. Area in gunthas. Crop. Tillage. Manure. In rotation or continuous. Irrigated or not. Kind. Quantity per acre. Time of application. 6} 73 6(5 76 07 77 70 80 69 79 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Kodra :r.is.ture. Do. Bijri and mix- ture. Do. Cotton Do. K -dra mixture and Rozi cotton. Do. Bajri mixture and Rozi cotton. Do. OrUnary .. Deep Ordinary ... Deep Ordinary ... Deep Ordinary Deep Ordinary ... Deep Nil Nil Nil Nil F. Y. M.... Do. Nil Nil F. Y. M.... Do. ... Nil N)l Nil Nil 5 tons ... Do. Nil Nil 5 tons .., Do. June'" ... Do. June Do. In rotatior.. Do. ... Do. ... Do. ... Do. ... Do. ... Do. ... Do. ... Do. ... m. Ni\ Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. 16 Results of Kodra mixture are as under : — Plot No. 08 ordinarily p'.outjhed. Plot No. 73 deeply ploughed. Crop. Yield per acie. Value of produce. Cost of cultivation. Yield per acre. i Value of 1 Cost of Grain. Fodder. Grain. FoJder. produce. |cultivation. ! Kodra Tal Sheria Tuver Lbs. 2,080 40 300 624 Li>s. 4,44 t F-iire 168 723 lis. a. p. 41 4 0 3 6 0 15 6 8 22 14 4 Bs. a. p. I- 18 4 8 1 ) Lbs. 1,520 44 14S 828 Lbs. 3,080 Fibre S4 941 ■ Rs a. p. r.3. a. p, 30 I) 0 ^ 3 11 4 1 j J- 20 12 3 7 10 4 ' i 30 5 8 J [ 82 11 0 71 11 4 i 1 Kodra mixture was a very good crop. The results of Bajri mixture are as under Plot No. 06 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No . 76 deeply ploughed. : Crop. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost of ■ cultivation. Yield pt-r acre. Value of produce. 1 Cost of Grain. Fodder. Grain. Fodder. cultivation. R^ri Math ^Ing Tuver Lbs. 684 48 208 Lbs. 5.2':0 308 1,148 Nil Rs. a p. 7 9 0 1 12 9 8 12 8 Rs. a. p. ■ 31 15 4 Lbs 480 44 160 Lbs. 5,056 2as 4»3 Nil Rs. a. p. 26 5 0 1 11 0 6 12 4 Rs. a. p. ( 34 7 4 40 13 4 34 12 4 Bajri crop is bdow the average. Tuver plants were totally- smothered when the Bajri plants were laid down by rain. Math and Mag also suffered. The results of Broach cotton are as under : — Plot \o. 67 ordinarily ploughed Pl.il No. 77 .leeply plonjjhcd. Crop. Yield per acic. Viilr.c of produce. Cost cf cu!t:vatl>n Yield per acre. Value of proda oe . Rs. a. p. 83 7 0 Cost of feed cottcu. Seed cottou. cuUivatlon. Broach cottou Lbs. 828 Rs a. p. C7 4 4 Rs, a. p. so 14 8 Lbs. 99 J Rs. a. p. S3 G S On these plots cotton was not attacked with wilt disease. The outturns were very good. The deep ploughed plot has given the better yield. 17 The results of Kodra mixture with Rozi cotton are as under : — Crop. Plot No. 70 ordinarily ploushctl. Yield par aero. Grain. Kodra Tal Sheria Tuver llozi cotton Lbs. 864 £2 140 603 Seed cotton 42 Fodder. Lbs. 1,748 Fibre 84 724 Value of produce. Rs, a. p. 17 3 0 4 6 0 Cost of cultivation. 22 5 4 ; 2 10 0 Rs. a. p. 1- 17 8 8 53 15 8 Plot No. 80 deeply ploughed. Yield por aoro. Grain. Lbs 184 400 Seed C3tton 26 Fodder. Lbs. 593 Fibr.? 100 4S3 Value of produce. Rs a p. 17 8 0 3 0 8 Cost of •ultivation. Rs. a. p. y o u I It 11 8 h 1 10 0 jj 2) 0 8 43 3 4 The results of B ijri mixture i ire as under : — Plot No. 69 c rdinarily ploughed. Plot No. 79 deeply plou,arhed» ('••op. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Cost r.f cultivation. Yield per acre. Value of pr >duce. Cost of Graiu. >tra\v. Grain Straw. 3ultivation. n<5jrl Math Macf Tuvor Rozi cotton Lbs. 572 24 2^0 88 < Seed cotton 15 Lbs. 4,310 1£2 1,26 1 410 Rp,. a. p 28 2 4 0 U 4 9 6 4 14 3 4 0 15 0 Rs. a. p. [• 37 8 4 J 37 8 4 Lbs. 11 H6 Seed cotton 16 Lhs. 3,96S 96 1,714 210 Rs. a. p. 23 13 0 0 9 4 13 11 0 7 2 8 10 0 Rs. a. p. ^ 40 0 4 I 1 J 63 9 4 46 4 0 40 0 4 14. Series X. — The object was to find out which of the follow- ing croj)S, viz. Tal, Tuver and Tal and Tuver mixed, leaves a better residue for the next crop. Tal-f Tuver and Tal Tuver were sown last year. Bajri was sown on all these plots this year. The following are the details : — No, of piol. Area ill ;runthas. TiUajre. Last vear's crop. This year's crop. Yield per a:;re. Value of prodnce." Cost or cultivation. Grain Straw. S3 8i 85&83 10 ]0 20 Ordinary ... Do. Do. Tal Tuver Tal + Tuver Bajri Do. Do. Lbs. 546 Lbs. 6 220 6.4«>8 4,»2' Hfl. a. p. .S3 2 0 2^ 10 f 21 3 10 Rs a. p. 23 2 4 22 14 4. 19 5 10 The yield of all the plots is b low the average. The plot of Tal has produced a better yield than either Tuver or Tuver -f Ta| together. B 992—3 18 16. Series XI, — The object was to investigate the theory of rotations. Tobacco and Bajri are the crops experimented with. All the plots mentioned below are to receive 2U loads of farm- yard manure every second year. This will always be applied to tobacco when this crop is grown on the plot. The following are the details : — Manure Area in gunthas. Crop. TUlage. In rotation or continuous. Plot. Kind. Quantity p r Time of Irrigated or nut. acre. application 108 10 Tobacco Ordinary ... F. Y. M.... 10ton.s ... June In rotation. Nil, 109 10 Bdjri Tobacco Do. . . Nil. Nil. Nil. Do. N.l. 1!0 10 Do. F. Y. M.... 1.) tons ... .Tune Continuous. Nil. 111 10 Do. Do. ... D). ... Do. ... Do. Do. ... Nil. 112 10 Do, Do. Do. ... Do. ... Dd. Do. ... Nil. 113 10 Do. Do. Do. ... Do. ... Do. Do, ... Nil. 114 10 Bdjri Fallow Do. Do. ... Do. ... Do. dotation ... Nil. 116 10 Do. ... J 116 10 Tobacco Ordinary ... F. Y M.... 10 tons ... .Tune R(tation ... Nil. .1 117 10 Fallow D3. ... 1 J 18 10 BAjri Ordinary ... P. Y.M. .. 10 t ns ... Jr.ne Continuous. Nil. 119 10 Do. Do. Do. ... Do. ... no. 1)0. ... Nil, 120 10 Do. Do. D .. ... Do. ... Do. Do ... Nil, ^ 121 10 Do. Do. ... Do. ... Do. ... 1"- - Do. ... Nil. J 2^/^.— Plots .NTos. 112, 113. 118, 119 aro v\x\% plots to teat tli3 coiito.n- poraiieous effects of a fallow aud are not under experimont. The results of Bajri are as under: — Plot Crop. ^lanure. Yield per acre. X'alue of Cost of Remarks. No. Grain. Fodder. produce. cultivation. 109 114 118 119 120 121 Brijri Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nil NMl Farmyard manure. Do! Z. Do. Lbs, 536 624 S08 410 508 Lbs. a. 741 4.&18 4.012 4.1 0 3.4'58 3.728 R.«. a. n 21 4 8 26 7 4 30 12 4 17 12 0 21 14 0 ^^ J2 0 \\^. a. p, 16 9 8 59 15 0 .S8 13 0 37 7 0 3« 0 0 34 1 0 la rotation with tobaco. 1\\ rotation with fallow, C/ntiuuous. a The crop is below the average. 1 The results of tobacco are as under :— | Plot Crop. .Manure. 1 Yield per 1 acre. Value of produce Cosf of cu.tivaiion. Heni.arks. No. 1 Cired leaves. lOR 110 111 112 113 116 Tobacco Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1 Fannyaid manure To. Do. 1)0. Uo. Do. Lbs. 280 828 1 816 ' 1.024 1,40U Rs. a, p. 22 6 4 26 3 8 68 1 4 06 4 4 61 7 0 84 0 0 Rs a. p 45 6 b 46 6 4 51 J> 8 £0 8 8 67 0 8 62 0 0 Dam^igcd by wilt. Do. Damnued by rain. Damaged by mil. Do. 19 Experiments on crops grown continuously. 16. The object was — (1) to see how lonoj the following crops can be grown profitably without any mar.ure on the same plots; (2) to see the effects of deep and ordinary ploughing on Kodra mixture and on Bajri mixture grown continuously. The following crops were grown continuously : — (fi) Bajri and mixture. (^) Kodra and mixture. {c) Bajri. (d) Cotton, Broach. (e) Tobacco (dry). The Bajri and Kodra mixtures were grown on the following plots : — Plot No. 137. — Area 5 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, sown with Bdjii and mixture. Plot No. 139. — Area 5 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not manure. 16 Ma^' •156 Tuvir Total ... 376 Straw. ; Value of I Cost of produce. I cultivation. yield per acre. Lbs. 3,6;?G 96 2,356 408 Bs. a. p. 2i 8 b 0 9 4 18 13 0 l;j 11 4 Bs. a. p. 29 11 4 oO 9 1 29 11 1 Grain. Lbs. 360 24 400 290 Straw. Lbs. 3,123 123 2,232 321 I Value of 1 produce. Cost o£ cultivation. Bs. a p. 19 8 0 0 13 4 16 Ifj 4 10 12 8 48 1 4 Bs. a. p. 32 3 4 The results uf Kodra mixture are ;iS under : — Crop. Kodra Tal Bheria Tuvev Total Plot No. 139 ordinarily ploughed. Plot No 140 deeply ploughed. Yield per acre. Grain. < Straw. Lbs. 941 200 112 552 Lbs. 1,9J6 56 fibre 016 Vulue of produce. Rg. a. p. 18 7 4 16 14 0 5 6 8 20 3 4 60 15 4 Cost of I. cultivation, i Yield per acre. Grain. Straw, Bs. a. p, i Lbs. > Lbs. 610 ! 1.272 200 152 80 fibre 408 ; 45:i 19 3 4 19 3 4 Value of produce. Ill a. p 12 4 0 16 14 0 7 8 9 11 14 8 Copt of cultivation. Rs. a. p. 21 11 4 61 7 4 t 21 11 4 20 Cotton, Bajri and tobacco crops were grown on the following plots : — Plot No. 97. — Area 6 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, sown with Broach cotton. Plot No. 98. — Area 6 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, sown wiih Bajri, Plot No. 101. — Area 4 J gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, planted with tobacco. The results are as under : — Yield PL) V acre. Plot Crop, Manure. Vahic of pruduce. Co>t of cultivation. Ko. i Grain. straw. M Lbs. Seed cotton. Lbs. 1 Rs. a. p. Rs. a. pP 9.1 Cotton Nil ... 263 ... 21 6 2 13 13 1 98 Bjjri Do. ... 360 Cured leaves 2,833 23 3 0 25 3 10 10113 Tobacco Do. ... 533 *" 42 6 10 38 5 1 Bajri was damaged by rain. More than half the area of cotton was destroyed by wilt. Cultural Experiments. Series J, — The object was — (1) to compare Bajri and Bajro sown V apart with Bajri and Bajro sown 1^' apart ; (2) to compare the yield of Bajri with that of Bajro ; (3) to compare Broach cotton sown 1|' apart with cotton sown 2' apart, Bd.jri and Bajro were grown on tlie followinof plots : — Plot No. 104. — Area 10 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, sown with Bajri 1' apart. Plot No. 105. — Area 10 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, sown with Bdjro V apart. Plot No. 122A. — Area 8-5- gunthas, ordinarily plonghed, not manured, sown with Bajri IV apart. Plot No. 122B, — Area 8^ gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, sown with Bajro 1^' apart. 21 The results of Biijri and Bajro are as under The crops are below the average. Bajri sown 1' apart has given the better return, while Bdjro sown 1 J' apart has given the better outturn. Cotton was sown under similar conditions in the following plots : — Plot Nos. 102-103. — Area 10 gunthas each, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, and sown with Broach cotton 1^' apart. Plot Nos. 106-107. — ^Area 10 gunthas each, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, sown with Broach cotton 2' apart. The results are as under : — riot No, Crop. Treatment. Yield of seed cotton per acre. Vcilue of produce. Cost of cultiYation. 102 103 106 107 Broach cotton Do. Do. Do. Sown IV apart ... Do. Sown 2' apart Do. Lbs. 228 694 394 384 Rs. a. p. 18 8 4 56 7 0 32 0 4 SI 3 1 Ks. a. p. 17 0 4 18 4 4 16 13 0 15 9 0 The plots were much affected by wilt disease. 18. Series II. — The object was to compare Biijri and Guwar sown as separate crops with Bajri and Guwar sown mixed together. Plot Nos. 123-124.— Area 1 acre, ordinarily ploughed, not manured, sown with Bajri and Guwar mi.Ked together. Plot Nos. 125-126.— Area 1 acre, ordinarily plouglif^d, not manured, sown with Guwdr. The results are as under : — 22 riot No. 104 125, 12G 123, 124 j Crop. Bajri Guw4r Bdjri Guvvar Manured. Yield piT acre. Grain. Fodder. Lbi. Nil 464. J):). 865 Do. 352 iDo, 380 4.i72 4,266 355 Value o^ produce. Ks, a. p. 25 8 0 23 6 8 j 29 2 4 Cost of cultivation. Rs. a. ]\ 10 13 8 30 13 10 21 12 8 Bajri was damaged by rain. This year Gawdr alone seems to be profitable. Trial of new crops. 19. Cotton* — The object was — ^ (1) to introduce Lalio and Wagad cottons which are exten- sively grown in the Ahmedabad District ; (2) to see whether I/dio cotton can be grown profitably with irrigation. The results are as under : — Plot No. Area. Crop. Tillage. Manure. Irrijrated or not. Yield of sef d cotton per acre. Vnlue 0? produc •. Cost of cultivation 81 82 127 128 1- 20 20 Uiio ... Do. Wdgud ... Ordinary . Do. ... Do. ... F. Y. M. . Nil Do. Irrigated . Nil Do. Lbs. 709 491 311 Bs. a. p. 57 11 0 39 14 4 25 4 4 Us. a. p. 52 7 8 15 0 1 10 8 2 Lalio irrigated was a very promising crop but nearly half the area was destroyed by ** wilt disease." 20. J) hdnodr- American cotton. — About 20 gunthas were sown with this cotton. The germ nation was not satisfactory. Th^ ger- minated plar ts were attacked with white ants and wilt disease. The whole plot was ploughed in. The following varieties of cotton were sown on a small area to see the variation in the percentage of lint due to differences in soil and climate ; — 23 Poreentag.> of No. Name of ilio coit-.n va "ioly. lint to eocl- cottoiu 1 Devkapds 26-3 2 Rozi ... 26-8 3 Naden • •• 31-6 4 W^gad • •• 28 5 Knmpta ... 27-5 6 Broach ••• 31-8 7 Gogh^ri .•• 33-8 8 Mathio • •• 27-2 9 Jari • •• 285 10 Vavc^di »»t 35-2 11 Coniiila • •< 44-5 12 Bani ... 26 21. Bdjru — The following new varieties were grown (1) Natal Bdjri. (2) West African Bajri. The 1 esnlts are as under : — riot Area ill gunthas. Crop. Till! go. Manure. Yield per aero. Value of produce. Cost of No. Grain. Fodder cultivation. 1 1 96 13 142 ! 6 Natal Bdjri ... Wcit African Bajri. Ordinary . Do. ... Nil ... Do. ... Lbs. 323 1,066 Lbs. 4,997 5,506 R5>. a.' p. ly 8 3 37 15 9 Rs. a. p. 17 4 6 27 2 5 Natal Bajri was much damaged by rain. The growth was just like ordinary Bdjri : the ear was somewhat longtr and the grain smaller. West African Bc4jri was not much affected by rain. The stalks were thiok with plenty of aereal roots. The leaves were broader than ordinary Bajri plants and the appearance of the crop was like maize. Tne e?irs were very long, some measuring 21 inches. The grain was very small and yellow. 22. Soj/beans. — The following varieties of soybeans were grown : — I. — Black-seeded, II. — Yellow-seeded. III. — Extra early black-seeded. IV. — Extra early. 24 These varieties were first sown in May. The germination was not satisfactory owing to excesssive heat. The germinated plants were parched up. The seed was again sown in the monsoon. The germination was fair. The plants were progressing well till the end of August, but owing to heavy and constant rains all the plants rotted. The yield was practically nothing. A few plants only seeded, 23. Groundnut. — The object was to treat the plots as a pro- tection against white ants. Four plots, each one guntha in area, were put under ground- nut as under : — (1) To be treated with Jambho as green. (2) To be treated with kerosine. (3) To be treated with castor-cake. (4) To be treated with nothing. The results are as under : — I Area in gantbaa. Crop. Treatment. 1 Groundnut . Green manure, of Jambho. 1 Do. ... Castor-cake.. 1 Po. ... Kerosine ... 1 1 Po. ... Kil Number of water- ings. Yield per acre. Good Pods. Rotten Pods. 443 Extent of damage. 33-3 per ceut 1,12;) 1 320 27-7 ., i i 810 ; 2.0 I 2o 0?0 I 4>0 ! 413 ,, 1\ eniarks. Jambho was trrown in the cold weather of IfOiandwas ploughed ill ; a few patches were made by white ants. Crop was looking rather pale. A few plants were seen dcstroved l>y whi 0 ants ; 15 lbs. castor-eako was applied in 2 doses. K lO iue '3ib3. • was applied to (i waterings; a few i)lant8 were seen attncked by white auts. Crop h'Oked paler. Mut-h attacked vitli white ai Crop raiK'h p.Jor. \ Green manure in addition to its manurial value seems to hav^ some effect on white ants. Castor-cake seems to have less effect on white ants than kerosine, but appears to influence the yield greatly. The kerosine oil appears to have had a good effect on white ants. 24. GUna mmtard, — Two varieties, viz,, Cai Trang and Cai Sen, were transplanted in December. The plants irrew very luxuriantly but the yield of grain was very poor. The percentages of oil in these varieties are as under : — Cai trang ... ... 30*57 per cent. Cai sen ... ... 31'42 „ 25, yS'rty/,— This year again san was sown for fibre and seed. The plants grew very vigorously but owing to heavy rains no pods were formed. The results arc as under : — No. Area ill guntbas. Crop. 9G 12 Suu Yield per acrCi Grain. I Fibre. Lbs. I Lbs. I C6 I 473 Value of produce. Rs. a. p. 25 5 3 C03t Of cultivation. Rs. a. p. 28 0 7 Extracting fibre by hired labour is very costly. A sample of San fil)re was valued by the Bombay Chamber of Commerce at Rs. 60 per candy of 588 lbs. and of Ambadi at Rs. 40. 26. Kamocl rice. — Kamod rice was again planted this year, but owing to the sandy nature of the soil it was not successful as this variety requires plenty of water. It was watered four times from the well. The following are the results : — No. 02 Area in gunthas. Cro;. Treatment. Yield per acre. Value of produce. Es. a. p. 30 4 7 Cost of Grain. Fodder. cultivation. 7 Rice ... F. Y. M. ... Lbs. G85. lbs. 2,783 Rs. a. p. 55 9 0 Mand seed was s did n( 27. I lescher did nol 28. T\ own or 3t s:r)\ Parley.— idi was s t germin nieat ha 1 a small v^ vigoro -A sample own on a ate. rley, — A g area, Ti Lisly. Th of a six small ai >ample oi le germi ey were -rowed •ea in t' [wheat I natiou m siaallcr jarley vari ^e rabi sea 3arley from 'as good. 1 than ordina ety called son. The Cawnpore 'he plants ry barley. The yield was poor, ^?/J., 120 lbs. per acre. B 992^1 26 29. Tobacco. — The following statement gives the details of several varieties of tobacco grown on this farm : — Name of the variety. Talaon Havana Java P. Wlingi Spanish Florida Java D. Sumatra No. of Height Measnrement Mcas,urement of the of the of the leaves. plant. top leaf. largest leaf. 17 2' 10" 7" xl4" 11" xlS" 15 2' 8" 6" xir 12" xl6" IG 3' 5" (>" xlO" llV'xlo" 18 2' 6" 7" xU" 9*" X 15" 16 2' 10" 6^x10" 9" xl4" 18 3, 2'' 5i"xl3" 9" x]5V' 19 3' 5" 7i"xl2" 9y'x]5" 21 3' 6" r xi2" 9" xl5" Uemarl'0. Greenish, thickest, not spotted. Reddish, thick, brittle spotted. YelloAvish, thick, spotted. Whitish, thick, spotted. Reddish yellow, thick midrib, very thick spotted. Yellowish leaves thin and narrow. Yellowish, brittle thick and narrow. Yellowish, leaves conical. All these varieties are more or less degenerating, A curing house is now constructed and experiments on curing on improved methods will be undertaken next season. Pests. I^H 30. Sugarcane borer (Gliilo simplex), — The attack was detect ed in May when the sugarcane sets were sprouting. The attack was severe and the damage done to the young crop was great. 31. Caterpillars. — The crops of rice, tobacco, cotton and brinjals were attacked with caterpillars. The attack was slight. 32. Kdtras or hairy caterpillars. — In the beginning of July Katras were seen attacking Bajri, cotton, San, etc. They preferred San to other crops. The attack was slight. 33. White ants. — Owing to the sandy nature of the soil white ants are very disastrous. The wiiole crop of chillies and sugar- cane was damaged by them. 31^ Smut. — See above. The farm seed was steeped before sowing in A per cent, copper sulphate solution but unfortunately the printed instructions followed (not issued by me) were faulty. Correct instructions have now been issued. 85. Wilt disease. — Some of the cotton and tobacco plots were very much damaged by this disease. 86. Bfwgcll blight. — A very few plants of potatoes were seen attacked with this blight in the young stage. The damage was very slight. The attacked plants w^ere removed and burnt. 27 37. Mildew. — On account of rain in the beginning of February the crop of jiru was attacked with mildew. Subsequently much more damage was done to the crop by subsequent rain than by mildew. Cross Breeding. 38. Several crosses made last year were sown this season. The following crosses gre\M vigorously : — Tree cotton + Abassi. Do. + Sea Island. Do. 4- Texas big boll. The following table gives the details of crosses made daring this year : — Rough Peruvian X Kidney. Kidney X Rough Peruvian. Kidney X 16 X, Number of flowers crossed. Number of bolls formed. Number of bolls obtained. Number of fiowers crossed. Number of bolls formed. Number of bolls obtained. Number of Number flowers 1 of fco'ls crossed, ioimed. Number of bolls obtained. 64 50 9 134 73 43 55 20 12 Irrigational Experiments. 39. To find out what quantity of water is required by each irrigated crop, the quantity of water supplied at each irrigation was measured either through the rectangular notch or by measuring tanks. The following table gives the details of the quantity of water taken by several crops per acre daring the year under report : — ' Quantity Quantity Quantity Total Number of Wc-tcr- ings. Totil Crop. of water of water of water quantity at the time at the first afcthe2nd of water of s'owing. watering. watering. applied. • Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Gallans. Tobacco ... Nil. 41,250 40,000 3 112,8t>5 VariAli .., ... ... ... Do. 56,250 70000 9 486,012 Chillies ... ... Do. S2,o03 52,500 13 5''.2,700 Wheat ... 107,500 76,250 80,000 7 500,262 Rice ... ... .. ... Nil. 94,117 67.576 2 161,692 Brinjals ... ... ... ... ... Do. 44 444 41,666 32 52^,830 Jiru ... ... ... ' 77,500 43,750 37,500 4 201,250 Lalio cotton j N:l. 60 000 40.000 3 127,250 Potatoes ... ••• i 07,500 37,500 37,500 7 313,750 Sundh:a Jowdr •«. ... ... ... ! 6i,650 66,562 42,975 6 294,262 Onicn ... 1 CO,OCO 37,500 38,812 14 528,437 58 New Implements. 40. Watt's chain plough works well in the moist alluvial soils. It is like a Swedish plough with oue handle. Other implements, such as Turn-wrest plough and the Nile plough, continue to give satisfaction. Experiments made off the Station. 41. To make popular special fertilizers sodium nitrate was distributed to cultivators for trial on tobacco. The fields were manured and irrigated as usual. Sodium nitrate was applied at the rate of 120 lbs. per acre to half the plot in addition to the farmyard manure. The cost of sodium nitrate is Rs. 12 per acre. The results are as under : — Yield of 1 Increment Field No. Area. . Manure used. cured leaves per Value of produce. in value due to sodium acre. nitrate. Lbs. Ks, a. p. Ks. a. p. r 14 Farmyard manure ... ... 1,045 104 9 0 ) I] 23 Farmyard mmuro and sodium > 33 14 0 ( Bit rate •*. 1,381 138 7 0 ) c 24 Farmyard raaunre ... ... 1,283 128 5 0 ] 2j 24 Farmyard manure and sodium [ 27 13 0 ( nitnro • •• ... 1,561 156 2 0 J I 32 Farmyard manure ... 2,296 229 10 0 ^ -25 8 0 3 32 Farmyard manure and sodium nitrate 1 ... ... 2,041 204 2 0 i In the first two fields the sodium nitrate has produced a better outturn. Engine and Pump. 42. Tlie oil engine and j)ump installed for irrigation purposes on this farm are working well. The details were re^wrted in the last re],x)rt. Eneilage. 43. This season the silo was filled with green ^rass. In September G5,000 lbs. green grass was put in the silo witiiin four days. The contents were covered with a layer of earth 1|' di^ep on the top. The silo was opened on the 14th April. The grass on the sides of the wall of the silo was rotten to the extent of 6'" all round. 29 The following analyses show the comparative value of silage made from grass and green Sundhia. Silage will be of great use in the hot weather where dairy cattle are kept : — • Sundhia silage. Green grass silage. Kemarks. Moisture Oil, wax, &c. Albuminoids Soluble carbohydrate Woody fibre Soluble mineral matter Sand 61'69 1-96 2-87 21-05 15-52 2-93 3-98 73-64 1-31 KO 12-26 7-77 1-45 1-87 Sundhia silage was reported on as a sample of very good silage, and that of the green grass as an average sample of moderately sour silage. 100-00 100 Total nitrogen Albuminoid nitrogen -806 •468 •342 •272 Poona, \ September 1907, ) F. FLETCHER, Deputy Director of Agriculture. M ^92—5 BOMBAY: PRINTED AT THE QOVJiRNMKNT CRNTKAL PRKS9» ^^'FORjViA, iicpaitment of Slgiicultu ANNUAL REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK OF THE POONA AGRICULTURAL STATION INCLUDING KIRKEE CIVIL DAIRY AND LANOWLI AGRICULTURAL STATION FOR THE YEAR 1906-190;^ BY F. FLETCHEK, M.A., B.Sc, etc., Aff. Frofessor of Argicallure. BOMBAY I'RINTED AT YWV. UOVERNMEN'J' CENTRAL PRKSS 1907 \Fric6 — 7a. or Sd.'\ OffiCiAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICiAl PUBLICATIONS. In JSngland. E. A. iTHold, 41 & it, Maddox Street, Bond Strert, W., London. Constable & Co., 10, Orai^e Street^ Leicester Square, W. C, London Grindlay & Co., 54, Parliament Street, S. W., London. Henry S. King & Co., 65, Comhill, E. C, London. P. S. King & Son, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W., London. Kegan Panl, Trench, Trnbner & Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, W., London. B. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W., London. T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C. W. Thacker & Co., 2, Oeed Lane London. E. C. B. H, Blackwell, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford. Deighton Bell & Co., Cambridge. On the Continent. Friedlander & Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin. Rudolf Hanpt, Halle-a-S., Germany. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig. Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig. Ernest Leroux, 2^, Kue Bonaparte, Paris. Martiniis Nijhoff, The Hague. In India. Higginbotham & Co., Madras. V. Kalyanarama Iyer & Co., Madras. p. R. Rama lyar & Co , Madras. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta. W. Newman & Co., Calcutta. S. K. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta. R. Cambray & Co., Calcutta. Thacker & Co. (Ld.), Bombay. A. J. Combridge & Co., Bombay. Curator, Government Central Book Depot, Bombay. D. B. Taraporevala, Sons & Co., Bombay. Sunder Pandurang, Bookseller, etc., Bombay. Gopal Narayen & Co., Booksellers, et*. I^ombay. N. B. Matkur, N. K. H. Press, Allahabad. I l^epartment of ftgciculture, j&ombafi. ANNUAL JREPORT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK OF THB POONA AGRICULTURAL STATION INCLUDING KIRKEE CIVIL DAIRY AND LANOWLI AGRICULTURAL STATION FOR THE YEAE 1906-1907 BT F. FLETdHEB M.A., B.Sc, etc., Ag» Frofessor of Argiculture. BOMBAY PUINTBD AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRKS8 1907 Vernaoiilar names of Cropa, &c., mentioned in the report and their Botanical and English equivalents. Botanicali English, Vernacular. Cereals. ^And^opog)n sorghum vai. vulgar e... Qreat millet •• Jowdr (Utivali, Hundi, Shdlu, Nilva, Cholam, &c.). Do. var . ceruuum. Do. ... Sundhia. Penniaetura typlioideum Bull rush millet ... Bdjri. Gahu (Kdld-kusal, Daud- rriticum sativum Wheat ••• khini, Shet, &c.). Do, speltum Spelt ... KhapH. Oryza sativa ... Rice, Paddy ... Bhdt (Ambemohor, Dodka, Kamod, &c.). Elusinc corocaua Muma millet ... Ndchani, Ndgli. Paspalum scrobiculatum Kodra millet !•• Kodra. Panicum miliaceum ••1 Common miUet ... Sava, Vari, Chino, Dhenglf. Do. italicam t*. Italian millet ... R41a. * Avena saLiva Oats .. Vat. Zea mays Maize ... Maka, Sorghum sachharatura fc'orghum ... Amber, Collier (exotic). Panicum crusgalli var. frumenta- Barti, Banti. ceum. Setaria italica Italian millet ... Kang. Setaria glanca Bottle grass ... Bh&dli. Fagopyrum esculoutam ... Buck wheat ... Kutu. Pulses. Oajanus indicus Pigeon pea Tur. Cicjr arieninum Gram ... Harbhara. Phaseolus mungo Greort gram ... Mug. Do^ radiatug Black gram ... Udid. Do. aconitifoUaa Kidney beau ^^ Math. DoJichos catiang Cow pea • •• Uhavli, Oholi. Do. biiloi-ous "^ Horse gram ... Kulith. Pisum sativum Pe^ (•« V4tfina, Lathy rus sativus Jarosse Ldkh, Lang, Ervum leas Lentil Masur. Cyamopsis psorAlioules Glycine hispida !!! Field vetch ... Guvar. .... Soybean ... (Exotic.) Oilseeds. Arachia hypogea Groundnuts ... Bhuimug. Linum usitatisaimum Linseed ... Javas. Carthamua tinctorius Safflower ... Kardai, Ricinus communis Castor ... Brand i. Pongamia glabra .!. •••••t Karanj. Quizotia abissynica ... Niger seed . - Kirhale. Fibres. Qossypiam herbaceum ••• Cotton .•1 KApus (Broach, Kumpta, Goghtlri). Do. hirsnbura ... American cotton Vilayati K^pus. 9 1095— « 2 Botanical. Fibres— CO ntin ued, Gossypium neglectum Do. jndicum Do. arboreuni Corchorns Capsularis Crotolaria j uiicea Hibiscus caunabiiuis Condimeiits. Capsicum frateseens Vegetables. Ipomaja batatas Solannm melongena Phaseolus lunatus Grasses. Medicago sativa Panicura jumentomm Do. muticum Reana luxnriuns Miscellaneous. Moras indica Manihot utilissima Masa saplentum Mimosops hexaudra Cabphyllum inophyllum TtTininalia tome^ta&a Khandesh cotton Hinganghit cotton Tree cotton Jute Bombay hemp Hemp Chillies Sweet potato Brinjal lama bean Velvet bean Lucerne Guinea gra83 Water grass Teosinte Mulberry Tapioca Plantains (Timber tree) Alexandrian Laurel (Timber tree) Vernacular. Varddi Kdpus. Bani, Chinda Kdpus. Dev Kipus. San. ArabAdi. Mirchi. Ratdlu. V^ngi, Dabbal-bce. (Exotic.) Lasun ghas. (Exotic) Do. Do. Tot. (Exotic.) Kel. Rayan. Unai. A in. I.-THE POONA AGRICULTURAL STATION, 1906-19^7. Established—lSrd ; North Latitude— l^"" %^' \ East Lonfii- tilde — 73° 50' ; Elevation — 1,850 feet above sea level ; Soil — • I medium black and^ \\<^\it mur urn ; Average rainfall — 32 inches; Temperature — maximum 108° ia May, luioimum 42° ia Eebruary, Superintendent — Mr. V. K. Kogekar. Area — Q'o acres. 1 >> a i 3 »4 1 1 O 1 e o 1 1 1 i a O H f n , / // 1 V / " / II / w / II # // / /» / II / « Rainfall (1906-1907; 0 26 0 ?6 9 S .J 66 4 -zr, 1 GO 3 28 0 47 0 4 0 2 ... 0 10 23 23 Average 0 88 1 3i 6 2 8 53 4 77 4 33 5 13 0 48 0 Zl 0 1 0 10 0 2 31 02 Temperature — Meaa u.axinium 103^ 101" 88" b2° 82° S2° 90° 80° ^6° 87° 1 90° 5a° 56° 90'^ il- fvu iDinimum 67- 72° 72° 71° 6&° 67= 03° 5.° 55° 61° I.— History. 2, The Poona Station bad its orio^iu iu a small piece of land taken for tbe agricultural class at the College of Science, which was opened iu 1879. In 1882 this area was extended to QQt acres. Up to 1883 it was iu charge of the Lecturer in Botany aud Agriculture at the College. But in that year it was handed over to the Agricultural Department where it has remained ever since. Primarily the Station was for demonstration in agriculture to the students. Upon other agricidtural problems arising^ the Station was used for experimental purposes, A small area has for the last three years been devoted to raising varieties for Professor Gammie's classification. II.— Area, character of Soil and Irrigation. 3. The Poona Station consists of Survey Nos. .^)7, 59 and CO of Bopudi, situated about 2 miles from Poona. Of this area about 35 acres are arable while the rest is used for building and pastur- age; 20 acres and 19 gunthas are medium black soil and 8 acres and 8 gunthas light soil. Survey Nos. 57, 59 and GO are irrigable E 1095—1 from the Mutlia Left Bank Canal. Survey No. 57, which is occupied by the pasturage and most of the buildings, may be considered as belonging to the Dairy. III.— Line of work. 4. This year the Station entered on a new phase of work. Up to this time it was used partly as an educational and partly as a fodder-producing farm. But owing to the opening of a new S'ation in connection with the scheme of a separate Agricultural College this Station has become purely an experimental and demonstrative one. The area which was set apart as a Dairy farm and used principally for raising fodder for the Dairy was also utilized this year for experimental purposes, the fodders being raised on the College Station. The principal lines of experiments are noted below : — (1) Cultivation of the different types of cottons {a) fo resting the land successively cropped to fodders, {b) fo selection of a cotton better adapted to the Deccan con ditions of irrigated cultivation. (2) Growing of tree cottons on light soil portions of the Station to determine their productive quality. (3) Growing of varieties of Jowd,r, Bdjri, maize and Tur for seed. (4) Growing a set of varieties in small plots of pulses and millets for classification by the Economic Botanist. (5) Growing light soil crops and variety tests. (6) Trial of different green manures on wheat. (7) Cultivation of rabi pulses in rotation after fodder Jowars to hold the land in good condition. (8) Fibre crops for comparative fibre test. (9) Plant diseases. The work with Tikka disease of groundnut and Wilt disease of Tur was continued. (10) Growing of varieties of groundnuts on areas not known to be affected with Tikka. (11) Trial of new crops. IV.— Meteorology. 5. The rainfall was somewhat below the average but was well distributed. I There were no anti-monsoou showers for the preparation of the land. The regular monsoon burst seasonably in the Isi week of June. Sowing* at the Station commenced in the 2ncl week of June. The rains during the secood fortnight of July, Au ust and September were timely and saved the crops which otherwise would have suffered from want of moisture. During long breaks the crops were irrigated. The rainfall in the 1st week of October was useful for the sowing of rabi crops. Owing to the faihire of rains in November and December the rabi crops had to be irrigated from the canal. v.— Area planted to different crops. 6. The following statement shows the area cropped and the purpose of each crop : — Field No. j Kharif crop. 1 Area. Purpo-e. Rabi crop. Area. 6 Pnrposo, 1 1 2 3 4 5 7 A. y-. A. p. 1 Kulthi Guinea grass 0 30 0 20 Green niamirc For fo;'dcr. Pcrciiijia]. Oats 0 30 For seed. 2 Do. 0 30 Do. ••• 2 Cotton, Broach 0 30 Seed selection for irri- gated C0tt03. ... 2 Cotton, Ghogari 0 20 Do. ... ...... 2 Cotton, Kumpta 0 20 Do. ... 2 AuacrJcau cotton 0 1 Further acclimatization. ... 3 Tree cottons 0 15i Testing' the cottons on light soil. 3 Guinea srasa 0 4i For fodder. Perennial . ... 3 Barti 0 10 For Feed ... 3 Maize, Goldeu Beauty and Cliavli (1} ft. long legume). 0 10 Do. .«... ... 4 Cotton, Varadi 0 15 Seed selection for irri- gated cotton. ...... ... 1 Bajri and Tur, red Khan- deshi. 0 20 Selection and test of samar. •t. 1 Groundnut, Pondicberry . 0 20 ForsceJ ... ... ...... 1 „ Virginia „ Poona local . 0 30 0 10 Do Do Khapli 0 20 For fodder. i Guinea grass 0 10 For fodder. Perennial . ..• •••i.« 4 Tree cottons 1 15 Testing tree cottons on light soil. ... 5 Cotton, Bani 0 20} Seed selection for irri- gated cott-)n. — Flfltl ^0. Kkiiif c op. Arcti. Pu:-po3C. llabi crop. 1 Area. 1 i Purpose. I 2 3 4 6 1 ' 1 7 - A. g. A. g,| 5 C•ol'.o:^ Chiiid-i 0 15 Seed selection for irri- gated cotton. 0 Buck svhvat 0 1S\ To ttcst the crop on light soil. - 0 Guinea grass 0 12 For fodder. Ferenuial . ... 0 Sweet potatoes 0 29 For botanical study ... ... G Tapioca varieties 1 11 Variety identification , ... G Tar .« 0 18 Study of wilt disease ... 6 S>y-b(au3 1 8 Variety test ... 7 Tree cottons 0 12 Botatjieal study 7 Chillies 0 15 Test of yield ... ...... 7 Brinjals 0 9 Do, ... 7 Guinea grass 1 C For fodder. Perennial . 8 Groundnut ... ... Study of Tikka disease , Khapli 0 34 For fodder. ... ... •.••a. Gram 0 6 Study of grai wilt. 8 Water grass P 2 To occupy a moist place. Perennial. ... 8 Plantains 0 2 Do. ... \) Guinea grass 0 18 For fodder. PcTennlal . «> ...... 9 Flantains 0 6 To occupy a moist place. Perennial. ... 9 Pulses an! millets 1 0 Botanical classification. ••...• ... 9 San 0 15 Test of comparative fibre. ... 9 Amkidi 0 2) Do. ...... «. ..«■•. 10 Sorghum 0 15 1 10 10^ Cawnporc maize Tar, ^ iiriegated Baugalorc. 0 15 0 4i }• For seed J Wheat varieticf- and crosses. Variety testi 10 Tree cottons 0 2 Botanical study ... 10 Guiuca grasi - 28 For fodder. Perennial . ..1 11 San, Chavli, S )yhoaiiS and velvet beaas. 2 0 Green raaiiurcs Wheat 1 2 28 1 Variety ica' J2 Scndliia 0 11 For seed ... Tiang 1 0 11 Rotation. 12 Mha 0 11 Po. Gram, Kabuli... I 0 11 Do. 13 Utivali ' 0 11 Do. Masur 1 0 11 Do. 13 Rice varieties 0 31 Do. ... 14 Mu'.bcrrj- 0 8J For starting a planta tion. Perennial. »• 13 Jawnporo Maize and Tur, Barnmati. 0 20 For seed ... ... • M Yelbw Cbolara 0 20 Do ... ... Rcana Imurians 0 20 Do .., • Field IN'O. Khauf cop. Arc-a. Tur pose. 1 liabi crop. Area. Purpose. 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 A. g. i A. {f. African Bajri iind Tur, Kcd Bellan . 0 10 For seed ... Broom Corn 0 10 Do. .. Sindh Bajri ami Castor, Peruvian. 0 10 Do. ••• ... Nilva 0 0 Do. ... «... ... Utuvali 0 5 Dr>. ..... ... Guinea grass 0 9 For fodder. Perennial... ... ..... 10 Juto 0 10 Trial of new croi> ... 16 Garden vegetable;^ 2 13 For study of genei-al culture. 10 Guinea grass 0 4 For fodder. Perennial. .« VI— Crop Diseases and Insect Pests. 7. Red bugs on cotton, siigarborer on Jowar, catterpillar on Sau, bugs and leaf-eating beetles on almost all the crops were among the insect pests. The damage from these was not of a serious nature. The red cotton bugs were collected and destroyed. The other pests were checked by hand-picking where possible. Smut appeared on both Bdjri and Jowar. The smutted heads of Bajri were sent to the Imperial Mycologist for examination. He writes thus: — " L'his is the first occasion I have seen such a disease on this cereal and the fungus is probably a new species.'^ The wheats were attacked by rust the common Puccinia Grammonis, and the gram by wilt caused by a species of Fusarium. 8. Tikha disease of groundnut. — la all five varieties of groundnuts were grown on the plot devoted to the study of this disease. The varieties were sown on the 3Cth of June. The germination of all was fair. The disease first made its appearance on the 23rd of July 1906 on three varieties, viz.^ Spanish peanuts, small Japanese and Virginia and gradually spread to all the rest. The diagrammatic statements overleaf show the relative positions of the plots, the treatment and the yields in lbs. per acre for the two seasons 1905-06 and 190d-07. The yields are written on each plot : — YIELD or GROUNDNUT IN THE PLOTS OF riELD NO a (SEASON ISOB-OBAiSOB-O?) 1305-06, —^ '*' Spraj/mg s 25B P A K 30Z f s /41 _ r» C A /S8 240 Z2/ n 65 ~ r /25 s 2 S3 M A L ^67 1 — t ( A P 238 A N 392 £ S -f-73 £ 23 1 353 ZZl L . t094 /363 6 C //5Z /04'2 J A 877 P A /sze /V £ ,S £ /008 8/>'f- 8/2 to 4-0 too/ J / 928 A/ 8/3 / A 84-6 812 799 1128 r A : ^ A 5 /517 — G i5Z3 R O //as U // /8Z9 D JV U //5^ T 766 1079 p a 1509 D / /503 C /073 H £ 390 936 r so/ 686 F 0 7^9 0 833 A/ 770 7^9 L 0 C A L S92 385 SO ggf. soya/, sags/ ^^tvice twice. Oftce. Wot. /^ot. BO^al. 50 gal SOgal 0/1 ce fty/ce tM^tce^ 16 fdOS'-'O? s /92 M A 23Z L i 286 J /68 A /36 P A /2S Af £ < /18 ^ £ S6 s //6Q P A M80 880 • H — - 510 P £ 320 A N U T ^ SBC /O20 V 720 I /620 R 8/3 G / 7'^0 A/ / A 6t3 600 P O 680 N 3'fo a / 600 C H Z20 £ 250 R R > 3-^0 2SO /ao P -f-^O O O -f33 A/ A 26 3 ^55 a c 3^0 A L 320 Z66 40 i 4 t ^8' Spta^mg r /cegs^. sag^/. Sfffal /yof ^o/ toi> tfj/ 75 ^^Z- 5//j/al trtafMtn/-^ f/t^/ce thrice t/y/ce. 3prai/e<^^Spraue//- once. 0/1 ce. o^ce. Se^o/^ iz/fSteeoe/i. SeeJ^Sfeepeof. (A/OT TO SCAIS) From the statements given it is probable that neither spraying nor steeping has had any effect but that the differences in the yields of the plots are due to differences in the soil. The yield on the average decreases from west to east and this may be due to the fact that on the west was a heavily watered plot of Guinea grass or that the soil to the east is more seriously infected. 9. Wilt disease of Tiir, — All the nine varieties of Tur, which had shown some resistance to the disease last year, were grown on the same piece of land. Out of the nine varieties six have shown a higher percentage of resistance this year than last year, and one has remained the same. The variety Sambalpore No, 9, which had shown above 78 per cent, of resistance last year, has gone down to 48 this year, while the last year's second best Bilaspur No. I has increased in its percentage to 70. These results are probably due to variations in soil and season and not to any quality inherent in the varieties. The statement below shows the counts taken, the percentage of resistance and yield per plant of the nine varieties : — i i i i i 1 5 1 Name of vaiiely. i 1 < < 5 2 i < 57S < s 578 1 1 1 561 u 1 t ■& ■ 560 1 1 1 1 i ■1 u 1 1 i-i 1 1 No. 9 Sambalpore ... 642 596 582 547 543 534 528 628 516 2 No. IBikispur 9i0 900 8^8 893 883 865 8(34 860 847 843 835 809 800 3 No. 2 Bi'asinu- 813 790 783 783 738 7-26 725 723 721 715 694 680 662 4 No. 3 Bilaspar 4fc« 4C« 446 443 425 425 425 421 416 407 389 380 379 5 No. 8 Sambalixn'e ... 141 127 126 125 114 103 100 93 91 87 74 65 65 C. No. 4 Sambalpore ... 113 108 100 87 85 78 75 6S 64 55 44 42 39 7 No, 6 Sambalpore ... 1,021 961 936 931 888 884 866 860 852 846 811 770 766 H No. 10 Sambalpore ... 159 1.54 l.vi 145 137 136 135 130 125 118 112 111 in 9 No. 2a Variegatea Bangalore. 2,502 2,426 ...0, 2,382 •i.28l 2.220 2,116 2,207 2,201 2,154 2,103 2,086 2,056 . i 1 ; Niiine (f vaiiety. 1 i 1 i i 1 B »4 1 ! 1 i i 1 i t « ■^ 1 § 1 ^ 1 1 rf 1 ^ s •? 1 1 .2 1 A ^ ■5 1 •^ i 1 g 1 i i i 5 1 No. 9 Samtalporc ... 514 515 509 503 502 500 499 497 415 427 422 415 409 2 No. 1 HiLlspur 793 783 76! 759 757 757 757 757 757 753 753 738 730 3 No. 2 Bilispur 633 6J2 6J9 6)9 603 603 698 596 567 521 521 520 613 4 No. 3 BiWspur b73 870 361 .?62 355 3.54 352 350 :;«) 340 336 315 305 5 No 8 Sambilpore ... 6,> 56 52 51 51 51 50 49 49 45 42 38 37 6 No. 4 Sambalpore ... 36 30 3". 35 35 35 85 :3 32 .32 30 27 2> 7 No. 0 - ambalpore ... 757 716 743 731 7:^1 728 72(i 713 68:J 63:? 633 623 615 8 No. 10 Sambalpore ... no 108 103 103 103 102 98 96 92 8S 86 82 81 9 No. 20 Yaritgaicc! Bar.ivalore. 2,027 2,014 1951 1,959 1,955 1,947 1,93* 1.899 I,82J 1,757 1,727 1,632 1,680 8 s i g 1 1 1 i h i-3 1 Name of variof y. 1 1 2 JA .£3 rS ?rr 8.2 'p. ^ 1 1 1 1 -•> •p. 5 -2 rt i! O s - " - CI CO o '-^ ;;; iS^ tS5 P^ Drams. 1 No. 9 Sambalporc ... 398 3S-) 377 361 360 a5i 319 813 4S'7 77-8 3 2 No. 1 Bilaspnr 729 726 726 719 6^7 672 657 G48 70-4 51-6 •8i 3 No. 2 Bilispm- 497 4(19 437 431 39:? 387 378 863 45 0 3« 7 4 No. 3 Bilasp'ir 2J^6 284 2-7 257 226 215 200 ltX"> 390 11-1 9-9 5 No. 8 Saml)»lpore ... 31 SI 31 cO 29 29 29 29 20 5 20-5 5 0 No. 4 Sancbal^wre ... 22 19 18 17 17 17 16 16 14'2 81 0 7 No. 6 SambaliX)te ... 557 4S7 475 461 460 452 4L6 415 40G 16 2 41 8 No. 10 Sam bal pore .. No. 20 Variegated 79 77 76 72 70 70 69 69 43-4 271 •92 9 1,38^ 1,353 ],20i 1.277 1.203 1,168 1,119 1.(31 41*2 22-1 2-6 Baujjalore. VII.— Experimeats with Fibre Crops. 10. Cotton. — Six varieties of cotton — Broach, Goghjiri, Kumpta of theherbaceum typo, Bani and C/ianda cold weather of the indicum and Varadi of the neglecfcuai typo were grown under irrigation. They were top-dressed with Karanj {Pongemia glabra) cake and superphosphate at the rate of 1,000 lbs. aud 400 lbs. per acre respectively. 1 The statement below gives the area, outturn, etc , of the several varieties grown: — 9 ■li I I tjlean taple fibre 3 per r oQ oj is lass "Fine." Very and white, but the is medium and th weak ; value Ks. 2-^ khandy. ame as Goghari, but in staple; value K per khandy. o CO 3 ^1 >» M< t.^ J a' ^M ga§g fill »- o -is w 2 c3 S S I t P4 03 6C ^ <5' o s ^1 a I 2 d B 1095 .-2 10 The yields given are unreliable as the land is of very unequal capacity. It will be seen from the above statement that Bani has yielded well. The growth of this variety was very vigorous and the bolls opened very freely. It is earlier than all the others. The outturn of Chaiida cold weather is very poor; this is due to ihe lodging of many of the plants owing to the forcing growth caused by the liquid manure from the byres, which the field had received for some time before the crop was sown. The bolls also did not open freely. The yields of Kumpta and Yarddi are moderate. The percentage of lint to seed cotton in the case of Goghari is higher than any of the other varieties. Samples of the above cottons were forwarded to Messrs, Tata and Co., for their opinion and valuation. Their remarks are included in the statement above referred to, 11. A few plants of each of the 25 varieties of American cottons were grown for trial. The following five varieties, viz.^ (L) Truitt, (2) Whittle, (3) Texas long stapled, (4) Tata's Allen Hybrid, and (5} Doughty, were vigorous in growth and yielded fine big bolls. 12. Tree Cottons. — The following varieties of tree cottons^ viz.^ Bourbon, Peruvian, Brazilian (3 varieties), Caravonica, and Tytler's Kidney, have been grown this year on light soil portions of fields Nos. 3 and 4, 4 gunthas being planted to each. In addition to the above a few plants of each of the varieties of tree cottons from the Central Provinces, Madras, Bengal, Central India, and a few plants of the arboreum type have b^en planted in portions of the same field. All the cottons came up well. During the hot season the young plants had to be irrigated to keep them alive. 13. San and Ambddi — These were gro tvn for test of com- parative fibre. The following statement shows the percentage of fibre to dry :StalkB and yield per acre : — Name of crop. Area. Per acre. Field No. Dry ripe stalks, leaves and feeds . removed. Fibre. Percentage of ni)re to dry stalk. 9 9 San. Ambddi ,. Gunthas. 15 • 10 Lbs. ' 5,619 2,7;6 ^ Lbs. 679 ' 658 12-09 2415 11 The Sau pods were attacked by catterpillars, when they were just forming", hence no San seed was obtained. Ambadi yielded 656 lbs. of seed per acre in addition to the fibre. VIII. -Varietal Experiments. 14. Bdjri. — The following three varieties of Bdjri were grown for seed with subordinate rows of Tur and castors : — (1) Awned or bearded Bajri and red Tur of Khandesh. (2) African Bdjri and red Tur from Bellary. (3) Sindhi Bajri with Peruvian castor. A plot 20 gunthas was sown with Bajri bearded, with a row of Tur for every second row of Bdjri. After the crop attained the height of 15 inches half the portion was * samfired ' as is the practice in Gujarat, the other half was left as it was for com- parison. The following statement shows the outturn per acre of the two portions separately : — Field Jso. Name of crop. Area. Date of sowing. Yield per acre. Remarks. Grain. Fodder. 4 4 Bajri bearded Do. Gts. 10 10 10th July 1996. Do. lbs. 724 616 lbs. 4,480 4,368 Satn^red on 19th August 1906. Not sam^red. There is a slight increase in yield in the case of the Samd^red portion. The Samdring increases the tillering power of the young plants. The red Tur of Khandesh was attacked with wilt and only a few plants survived ; these yielded only 40 lbs. of the pulse. 15. African Bdjri, — The ear-heads of this foreign Biljti are long with closely packed white grains on them. It tillers freely but is a very late variety. It was attacked with smuf, and only a few sound heads could be found. These have been selected and kept for seed. The red Tur from Bellary ^rrown with the Bajri was wilted and gave an outturn of 57 lbs. of pulse. 12 16. Sindhi JBdjri, — A small quantity of seed of this variety was obtained from the Bombay Exhibition in 1904, and was sown in small plots in 1905 to get sufficient seed for sowing on a larger area. It was sown on a lO-guntba plot this year. It yielded at the rate of 336 lbs. of grain and 2,080 lbs. of straw per acre. The yield is below the average. This is partly due to smut and partly to a portion of the crop occupying a shady place along the boundary of the field. The castor grown with this was very irregular in growth and yielded a nominal outturn. 17. Jowdr. — The variety of Jowar known as Yellow Cholum is grown in Madras for fodder. The seed was obtained from Madras and sown on a 20-guntha plot to get sufficient seed for sowing as a fcdder crop in the next year. The seed was sown o^| the 21st of June. The plants grew well and high, but all tfad heads were found to be devoid of grain, and light, owing probably to the non-fertilization of the flowers. The stalks were cut dow] toud yielded dry fodder weighing 13,652 lbs. per acre. 18. SundMciy Nilva^ Utdvali and So7'ghum. — These foui fcdder Jowars were grown for seed. The following statement gives the per acre results : — Field Name of crop. Area. Yield per acre. Value of yield per acre. Cost of cultivation per acre. No. Grain. Fodder, Grain. Fodder. 12 io {^undhia Nilva Utdvali Sorghum Gts. 11 11 11 35 lbs. 1,116 696 6i8 815 lbs. 2,461 10,167 7,927 11,733 Rs. a. p. 55 13 2 29 13 2 30 10 4 42 0 0 Rs. a. p. 12 4 10 50 13 4 39 10 2 39 1 9 Bs. a. p. 28 1 4. 35 13 7 , 38 9 3 58 8 5 19. Broom Corn. — A plot of lOgunthas was sown with this, The ear heads are developed into a loose panicle, which can be used for making brooms after threshing out the grain. This year the crop was almost a failure owing to the uneven nature of the field ; many of the plants became stunted in growth, others getting yellow owing to excess of water in a portion of the field, A. few heads have been selected for seed for the next year. iO. Afaize, — Two varieties of maize, t?t>. (1) Cawnpore, (2) Jawnpore, with white Tur from Baramati were grown for seed. 13 Both the varleUes are early, outturn results : — The following statement gives the rield Name of crop. Area. Date of sowing. Date of flowering. Yield per acre. Percent- age of ^^o. Grain. Fodder. grain to cobs. 30 Caw n pore Maize Jawnpore Maize Tur Edramati Gts. 15 20 lf>tb June lyoe. 2lst June 1906. 22nd July 1906. 2nd August 19U6. Lbs. 2,248 672 880 Lbs. 3,125 1,080 Bhusa 900 77 66 The yield of Jawnpore maize is small owing to the attack of parrots upon the inflorescence which interfered with the proper fertilization of the flowers. The Baramati Tur has yielded well. 21. Wheat varieties and crosses, — The wheat varieties and crosses, grown on the Station in the rabi season of 1905, were sent to the Cbamber of Commerce, Bombay, for valuation and opinion. Out of the 113 samples (including varieties and crosses) sent, the following 8 were reported upon as good : — No. Name of the Variety. Class. Remarks by the Chamber of Commerce. 1 SiahDas Kalakusal .. Very good superior hard yellow wheat. 4 Australian || 4- / Aust r a 1 i a D Very good. \ Australian 27 C class. ( Shft Parner "J Cross between Hard yellow, containing some A + > Popatia and proportion of spotted grains. I Khapli J Khaph. quality good on the whole. c Hybrid Nagpore ... ^ / Soft wheat ; had the grains 4 f Inter-cross of \ been slightly bolder, the + \ Daudkhani. i quality would be very good ( Muzafargarh 3 (, indeed. 5 Australian || 22 ... Australian White moondy very good quality. 6 Paman Sirsa Daudkhdni ... Soft white fairly good. 7 Potia Nadiad Do. Very good soft red. 8 1 P^rner wheat Kala kiisal ... Very ^ood hard yellow. These eight and a few others selected as {a) good yielders, {b) showing resistance to rust in 1905-06 were sown in the rabi season of the year under report on a field treated with different green manures. The rest of the varieties and crosses were sown in ^ guntlia plots in another field for seed. 14 The field to be sown with the selected varieties was divided into 6 sections and each was sown with San, Chavli, soybeans, and velvet beans respectively, the last and the 5th section being kept fallow for comparison. The above crops were ploughed in as they came into flowers. The following statement shows the dates of sowing and ploughing in of the several crops grown : — No. Name of Crop. San Chavli Soybeans Velvet beans Date of Sowing. 18th June 1908 Do. 22ud June 1906 Do. Date of ploughing in the crop. 2nd, 3rd, August 190o. 4ih, 5th, 6th, August 1906. S9th, 30th July 1906 . 19th,21stAugustl906. Number of days required. When the field was harrowed on the 25th September foi preparing it for sowing no portions of any of the crops, except a few pieces of San stems which could be broken down by the slightest pressure, could be found undecayed. Within about 2 months' time all the crops had thoroughly decayed. In this period of 2 months there were good showers of rain in August and September which helped the process of decay. Each of the five sections was divided transversely into 23 plots — 4 of 8 gunthas each, 12 of 4 gunthas each and seven of 1 guntha each and 23 varieties selected according to the above- mentioned three qualities, were sown in these. Thus, each variety got a treatment of the four green manurial crops and the fallow portion. The varieties were sown on the 14th and 15th of October 1906. The germination of all was fair. All were irrigated 4 times till they came to maturity. The statement below shows the yield of the 5 portions separately of each variety on the different green manured and the fallow portion. lis geral Nair.e of Variety. Eesults per acre . Green manured with San, Green TORuured with Ghuvli. Green manured with 6oy-beana. Green manured with Velvet beaus. Fallow. Grain. Straw. Grain. Straw. Grain, Straw. Grain. Straw. Grain. Straw. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs, Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lb8. 1 Stet PS.rner + KhapM 102 2.381 212 3.260 63 1.266 63 1.503 44 2,380 2 Potia, Nadiad 497 763 513 1,256 481 3,256 534 ai,oi2 600 3,46d ' 8 R&Ia Kusnl (Pooua) 400 2,262 675 3.050 6»7 2.419 550 2f9 500 3,250 4 Pirner Wheat 462 2.237 635 1^98 353 2,3.50 350 2,034 626 3,016 5 Siah-Das 387 2,012 412 2,875 487 3.050 237 2.231 500 3.0 2 e Hinsia, Broaob 312 3,012 394 4.837 825 4.300 1,631 2,625 775 3,326 7 Dcsbi, Athni. Belgaum 656 1,212 535 1.475 612 1.437 660 1,250 837 1,512 8 Malj-a, Belgaum 613 2.250 600 2.500 612 3,560 600 1,719 1.000 2,61! 9 Mtindi of Ludhiaiia 700 2.6J0 600 3.087 650 2,444 362 2.800 900 2,531 10 Paman Sirsa 225 1.500 463 3,500 687 4,103 400 2,144 900 4,609 11 Budha Wheat 512 2.537 450 1.950 225 1,275 400 3.187 762 9.012 12 Red i:)C8hi of Oudh 425 2.(12 863 3.000 800 2,000 662 2,131 1.900 2.512 13 Safed of Amritsar 531 2,C06 500 1,903 625 2.437 600 7,050 1.250 6,250 14 Auptralian |J 22 650 2,537 1,150 5.270 1.050 4,987 812 3.050 1.150 5.500 15 Hybrid Nilgpore + Mnzafar- garh 600 2,287 530 2,109 650 1,012 600 3,360 1.300 4.987 16 Australian fj -f Australian 37 375 3,100 463 3,537 800 4,957 681 4.512 987 6.100 J7 Bansi, Bileghat 200 2,400 300 3,000 650 5.760 450 6.30O 900 6.025 18 II Kala Knsal + Khapli ... 600 6,425 400 3.626 800 5,760 760 6,000 76( 5.325 19 Ila Do. 400 5.150 625 6,550 760 8.150 560 5.660 400 6.8fO 20 [I 3c Khapli + K41a Kusal ... 150 3.2C0 200 4,000 125 6,000 425 4.437 625 2,826 21 69 Khapli + Hdnsia, Broach . 135 3.000 413 5.350 412 6,800 550 6,000 750 7.876 22 71 Do. + Pivla Kbdndcsb 200 2,400 212 8.200 1.200 1,200 800 9,000 1.200 13,450 33 16 Do. + Sudlie, Bihuri... 300 4,000 1,200 7,150 1.600 10,000 1,000 6,600 1,20C 9.000 All the varieties were very badly rusted and the value and effect of the different green manurial crops are not comparable. The yields of all are below the average. Khapli, which is said to be rust prooP, was also affected with rust. The rust began from the north-west corner of the field, when the grains were first forming and gradually spread all over the field. IX.— Light Soil Crops and Variety Tests. 22. Five varieties of Soybeans, which had given hopes of |)roving good yielders at Maujri in 190i, were grown on a 16 an early maturing light soil portion of field No. 6, The crop is one, and can be grown successfully as a preparatory for a rabi crop. The many leaves that fall add organic matter to the soil. If sown early in the beginning of June, no irrigation is required. This year the crop was tried as a green manure crop among the different crops tried for that purpose. It comes to maturity very early and can be ploughed up early before the close of the rains so as to get the advantage of the rains for the thorough decay of the crop. The following statement gives the dates of sowing flowering of the several varieties and their yield per acre : — and Field No. Crop. Area. Date of Sowing, Date of flowering. Date of ripeuiug. Yield por acre. Cost of cultiva- tion per acre. 6 6 6 6 6 Soybeau Variety No. 5... Da do. No. 6... Do. do. No. 7... Do. do. No. 18 ... Do. do. No. 18.- Gunthas 8'4 7-8 8 8 15-8 16th Jnne 1906 Do. Do. Do. Do. 16th July 1906 . 12th do. .. 14th do. ... Do. do. ... loth do, ... 15th August 1906. 4th do. ... 14th do. ... 13th do. Do. do. «. Lb8. 1,166 613 660 676 SDS Rl. a. p. 1- 34 6 7 The increased yield in the case of variety No. 5 is due to a portion of the crop bordering upon black soil. The beans can be used for human consumption. 23. Buck wheat (Knttu). — This was sown in another light soil portion of the Station in field No. 5. Two varieties of Kuttu seeds were obtained from Kalimpong (Darjeeling). One is called Mitha Paphar and other Titta Paphar. The yield from both tbe varieties is very low. Starch can be prepared from the seed. The use of the crop is unknown on this side. But at Darjeeling whence the seed was obtained, it is largely used for making bread. X.— Trial with New Crops. 24. Jute» — An area of 10 gunthas was sown with jute on the 2nd of July 1906. On the 3rd day after sowing the seeds germinat- ed. The crop was weeded twice on 20th July and 5th August. The plants were thinned out, and a few were transplanted to fill in the blanks on the 7th of August 1906. The crop was irrigated once in August during long break in the rains. On the 4th of September the crop was cut when in of the crop at the time was 4J feet to stems were retted in tbe river for nine extracted. flower. The height 5 feet. The green days and the fibre ±i The following statement gives the outturn per acre of clean fibre, and the percentage of fibre to green stalks : — Name of crop. Per acre. Field No. Weight of green stalks. Weight of clean and dried fibre. Percentage of fibre to green stalks. 16 Jute Lbs. 11,064 Lbs. 272 2-4 The fibre was sent to the Indian Jute Mill Association afc Calcutta for valuation. It was valued at Rs, 8-8-0 per maund. 25, Oroundnut. — Three varieties of groundnuts — Pondi- cherry, Poona local and Virginia — were grown in field No. 4 away from the Tikka affected field and on areas not sown to ground- nuts before. The disease appeared upon all the varieties, but the attack was very mild, and no serious damage was done to the crop. The following statement gives the per acre results : — Field No. Name of variety. Pondicherry Poona Local Virginia Gts. 20 10 20 Per acre yield. Unhusk- ed nnts. Lbs. 1,800 948 2,016 Haulms. Lbs. 3,986 3,060 1,692 Cost of cultivation. Rs. a. p. 101 0 6 81 12 4 96 13 8 Value of outturn. Rs. a. p. 116 9 7 67 12 0 112 1 4 The unevenness of the field has to a certain extent influenced the yield, there being great difficulty in distributing water regularly. 26. Variegated Bangalore Tut. — Like other varieties of Tur, a few plants of this variety also had become wilted. It gave an outturn of 695 lbs. of grain and 844 lbs. of Bhusa per acre. Owing to natural cross fertilizatiouj which is so very common in Tur, the colour of the seeds has changed. B 1095—3 18 XI.— Botanical Experiments. 27. A. portion of field No. 9 was devoted to the growing of pulses and millets for botanical classification by the Economic Botanist, The plot was divided into 1 79 small plots of the dimensions of lO'x 20' each. Out of the 179 plots 63 were sown with pulses and millets collected at the agricultural show held at Ahmednagar in 1905. Eighty-seven were sown with the following varieties : 16 varieties of Tur, 2 varieties of Kulthi, 4 varieties of Guvd,r, 7 of Mug, one variety of Matki, 6 varieties of Udid, 29 varieties of Chavli, 2 Nagli varieties, one variety of each of Banti, Barti, Chino, Dhengli, Kang, Bhadli and Kodra, 6 varieties of Vari, 3 of Rdla, and 4 of Sava. The remaining 29 were sown with the varieties of Soybeans, Lima beans and peas, XII.— Forage Crops, 28. The statement below gives the yields per acre of tl Guinea grass in various fields : — - ^ Field No. Name of crop. Results per acre. Outturn. Value of out- turu. Cost of cultivation. Bemarks* 1 2 3 4 6 7 9 10 15 16 2 3 lbs. Guinea grass. 21,152 Do. .•• 11,736 Do. *• . 17,3i2 Do. ... 3,144 Do. ... 6,217 Do. ... 13,129 Do. ••• 6,462 Do. ••• 13,815 Do. •*• 16,223 Do. ••1 1,470 Average 1L062 Water gra's. 31,660 Ks. a. 105 15 58 12 86 11 15 12 4 0 4 0 31 0 3 65 10 4 32 5 0 69 1 2 81 1 10 7 6 7 55 5 4 15 13 3 Rs. a. p. 67 8 4 34 14 0 38 9 0 62 1 0 79 3 11 38 14 0 73 d 9 35 5 7 38 2 0 01 2 4 52 14 8 57 14 8 Plantation starte< this year. Do. do. Plantation started this year. Plantation started this year. Very old plantation. " 19 A portion of about 20 gunthas of tlie plantation of this grass has been removed from field No. 10 as this field has been under guinea grass for a long time. Field No. 13 was formed into a rice field by puttiog dykes after removing the guinea grass plantation. Border portions of fields Nos, 4, 6, 9, 16 situated under a shade have been planted with this grass this year. The average per acre 11,062 lbs. has slightly increased over that of the last year. XIII.— Miscellaneous. 29. Three rabi pulses — Lang, gram and Masur — were grown after fodder Jowars as a rotation crop. The pulses were grown solely under irrigation. The following statement shows the yield, etc., per acre : — rield No. Name of crop. Area. Per acre. Grain, Ehusn. Co.t of cultivation. Value of outturn. 12 12 12 Lang Gram, Kabuli Masur Gunthas. 11 11 11 Lbs. 869 507 309 LbB. 1,447 618 636 Rs. a. p. 26 15 0 Rg. a. p. 38 10 1 33 14 11 24 13 5 XIV. — Ensilage. 30. A pit of the dimension of 10' X 10' x 10' was dug in the Ganeshkhind Botanical Gardens for a silo. It was filled with 26,821 lbs. of green grass from the gardens in September last. It was then pressed down with a layer of earth 2 feet thick. The silo was opened in May when there was deficiency of green fodder for the Dairy animals and they ate it readily. The grass was found to be shrunk to 6 feet. The colour of the silage was greenish-brown. From the total quantity of 26,821 lbs. of grass put 16,876 lbs. of silage was obtained. The silage has been sent to the Agricultural Chemist, Bombay Presidency, for analysis. Foona, September 1907, } F. FLETCHBE, Ag. Professor of Agriculture. 20 IL-THE KIRKEE CIVIL DAIRY, 190607. I.— Introduction. Tbe objects of the Dairy are : — (1) To afford instructions for the students of the College of Agriculture. (2) To serve as a model Dairy to the public, (3) To give opportunity for experiments in feeding and dairying. (4) To improve dairy breeds. (5) To supply pure milk to the invalids and children of Poona. ^ (6) To allow owners of milch cattle the free services of good bulls. II. — Health of animals. 2. The Dairy was seriously handicapped in this year's work owing to outbreaks of two contagious diseases, viz, foot-and- mouth disease and rinderpest. No animals were lost from the former, but their milk yields were appreciably reduced. Rinderpest was very common in the district and as a precau- tionary measure the entire herd was inoculated in November and again in January. The disease made its first appearance in the herd in February and a third inoculation was performed. But even in spite of the three inoculations 18 animals were attacked and 10 succumbed to this deadly disease. Among the cattle kept at Mdnjri Kuran, which had also undergone two inoculations, thera were 34 attacks but the mortaUty was less as only 4 died. Rinderpest was more fatal in the case of Australian animals, English-Indian hybrids and Adens. Only one Gir was attacked. Among the second class was the hybrid short-horn Aden known || as Harishi wliose milk record for previous 4 years averaged ' nearly 5,000 lbs. "The Dairy has two heifers and a bull out of her. The Aden herd was reduced to two bulls, one cow and a calf ; but two more have been purchased recently. Twelve buffaloes aborted soon after the casting for inocula^ tion, rendering them useless for the season. 21 III— Milk Supply. 3. The milk supply was greatly affected as shown above. 220,572 lbs. of milk were produced during the year. The Sassoon Hospital contract was continued. No branch dairy was established at Mahdbaleshvar, but all milk was sold in Poona and Kirkee, and no Ghee was made. Some cows have been selected to furnish milk suitable for infants. These animals are always those that have freshened within five months. They are never fed with oil-cake, cotton seed, or green food, and are never allowed to graze. The demand for this special milk is increasing. IV.- Yield. 4. The largest yields for the year under report are as follows : — Among cows, the first in yield for the year, now that Harishi, the cross bred English-Aden has died, is Pitarabari (Sindhi) 4,430 lbs., second Bulakhi (Sindhi) 3,778 lbs., third Shendi (Sindhi cross) 3,750 lbs , fourth Bhavali (Gir) 3,712 lbs., fifth Yeshi (Sindhi cross) 3,571 lbs., and sixth Budhi (Gir) 3,552 lbs. Among buffaloes, Ratan (Jafferabadi) 4,815 lbs., K^veri (Surati) 4,504 lbs., Sdlu (Dehli) 3,147 lbs., Ganga (Surati) 3,033 lbs., and Nandi (Deccaui) 2,798 lbs. The usual milk record is given below with the necessary explanatory notes. 22 Names. Cows I. Adens. Balculi Bhdgi Guldbi M4di NAri Harishi (crosi) Shiti Sindhi. Ambi Annapurna Bhasmi BuUkhi Giti Honshi Kesar KbiUri Lihiri Makbmal Mhitiri Mori Mntri P4ri Piri Pttdmbari PoUri Putali Rddhi Hira Dabi Sabani Samarthi Soni Sukhi T&mbhori Tuf&ni Zank4r Mohan Sindhi- Cross. 1 j Kara 2 t Mekini 8 ' MungU J Age. Y. d. 8 Aged 4 7 10 Medinm .. 3 8 11 1 10 8 29 0 <8 9 11 6 4 20 7 3 25 10 11 22 3 9 16 3 3 19 Medium .. Do. Young 4 4 4 Medium .. Do. Aged Medium .. 6 8 18 Medium .. 11 2 29 11 7 18 Medium .. Do. Do. Do. 7 2 7 Medium .. 14 0 0 4 2 22 7 10 4 7 10 4 Medium .. Do. 4 2 27 9 8 10 Medinm .. 5 2 3 Total number of years under observa- tion. Results during the period shown in 3iV 8 H 7 5 3 7 H n 5 5 3^ U 5 5 5 5 21 7 8 8 7 7 5 43 2f 8 8 u H 5 ^ 5 ••t Total number of days in milk. Total dry days. Average of Maximum daily yield. 1,044 81 2,231 680 328 88 724 299 1,805 710 1,202 600 129 •*• 388 70 765 330 1,481 1,074 446 • •* 389 17 1,761 64 1,368 417 718 467 426 35 1,338 487 1,235 590 1,285 544 1,528 297 865 124 1,837 718 2,273 647 2,658 362 1,640 915 1,575 976 1,394 427 3-,293 373 382 654 1,720 1,200 2,095 826 406 52 1,149 251 1,388 434 986 778 1,604 821 8 ... 1.367 823 2,204 704 444 ... Lbs. oz. 16 4 15 4 8 13 7 12 15 0 27 6 13 4 IS 9 10 1 14 9 15 13 16 7 14 10 12 14 11 6 12 5 16 14 11 10 11 13 14 13 11 7 14 8 13 12 16 14 16 9 14 11 13 3 13 8 11 13 13 8 11 3 1*2 3 12 14 14 3 18 2 11 0 15 1 16 0 16 4 Average daily yield. Lbs. oz. 7 12 10 5 5 7 10 16 6 9 9 9 1 6 3 8 12 10 13 9 1 9 12 8 3 6 7 9 6 8 4 7 3 7 3 8 9 8 2 8 14 8 15 10 5 9 3 8 5 8 13 7 ]0 7 0 9 3 6 13 7 13 8 6 9 6 11 9 10 2 10 11 10 0 23 colamn4 Yearly average out-put. Yield of milk during 1906-07. 10 2,641 2,885 1,588 1,695 2,604 3,726 2,828 1,591 1,861 3,857 3,026 3,451 2,255 1,425 3,181 2,217 1,776 1,854 2,632 2,560 2,341 2,542 3,307 2,166 1,871 2,467 2,144 949 1,982 1,787 2,351 2,341 1,922 3,476 2,312 ».949 3,560 Lbs. Lbs. oz. 2,849 8 3,273 8 1,477 12 406 8 2,793 0 3,444 8 1,240 0 2,411 0 2,028 4 587 12 3,778 32 3,095 8 3,383 1,486 1,333 2,904 3,364 1,242 235 2,943 3,109 2,172 3,305 4,430 2,209 1,690 12 2,015 12 665 4 982 40 1,047 2,290 3,344 2,512 2,326 3,059 52 Financial results for total period shown in column 4. 2,910 8 2,453 8 3,515 12 Value of ^ilk. 11 Cost of feeding. 12 Bs. a. p. Rs« a. p. 685 2,013 154 0 0 0 469 0 1,6^ 0 1,629 0 103 6 294 394 1,178 402 294 1,573 1,032 442 332 982 807 850 1,177 566 1,472 1,844 2,295 1,335 1,153 1,119 845 224 1,388 1,242 279 754 1,047 836 1,549 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 1.234 0 0 2,013 0 0 371 0 0 341 0 0 736 0 0 80 0 0 252 0 0 603 0 0 579 0 0 81 0 7 129 0 214 0 693 0 125 0 115 0 504 445 265 117 300 352 301 497 186 0 564 0 676 878 552 520 440 482 134 717 0 621 0 115 257 431 315 501 1 11 Cost of attendance. 571 0 0 784 0 0 136 0 0 13 Es. a. p. 53 0 304 0 13 0 45 0 252 0 153 0 9 22 39 230 31 25 154 138 30 26 152 136 130 153 44 242 302 314 244 231 141 135 18 280 287 21 62 148 117 153 0 4 3 197 0 0 293 0 0 18 0 0 Net profit. 14 a* p. 291 973 61 172 775 897 13 143 141 255 246 154 715 449 147 189 530 319 419 527 336 666 866 1,103 539 402 538 228 72 391 331 143 435 468 404 895 4G6 0 0 966 0 0 217 0 0 Average net profit per year. 15 Rs. 94 321 52 49 110 179 114 48 93 197 132 183 89 75 151 105 64 83 113 119 95 108 152 77 57 107 52 24 38 41 114 113 94 79 185 77 120 173 Remarfes. 24 Name. Age. Total number of years under observa- tion. Results during tbe period shown in Ko. Total number of ^ days in milk. Total dry days. Average of Maximum daily yield. Average daily yield. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 Cows I—contd. Sindhi-Crosft— continued, S^raji ^hendi Tiki YesM Sarangi Glr. Bhavali BhudU Godi K&bari Kamali i.. Ldbiri Ling4di Mukharau Narbaii Pavali Sngaran Umbari K4jali Mab&li T&pi Glr-CrosB. Bigul Pdndhari Y. m. d. 14 9 10 6 8 19 Young Do. 7 6 20 Young Do. Medium ... Young Do. Do. Medium ... Do. ... Do. Do. ... Do. Aged Young Do. Do. Medium ... Do. 8 li 5 m H 3* 2i y^ It iv 8 2,487 477 1,524 1,008 851 520 527 1,034 393 591 761 393 518 409 521 307 424 263 273 190 2,308 229 433 "298 57 214 801 290 121 433 301 131 499 247 332 372 544 i26 ••• **• 345 608 220 Lbg. oz. 13 14 16 8 13 10 17 15 14 9 17 12 15 2 15 5 12 0 11 14 15 2 9 13 18 10 13 3 14 7 8 8 13 0 11 4 13 8 10 8 13 5 3 4 Lbs. oz. 7 3 11 2 7 15 9 10 5 1ft 12 6 9 14 8 5 6 11 7 5 9 7 6 12 9 2 7 2 7 9 5 6 8 6 "6 12 8 4 4 12 Note. — The average yearly yield per cow comes to 2,101 lbs. ; the average d^ily yield 7 lbs. 8 OE. ; the average cost of feeding the cow Rs. 95-15-1, and the average net profit per cow Rs. 67-7-10, Column 7, — The maximum day's yield of the year is always quoted at a sale as an indication of an animal's productiveness and the average of these record yields for the whole period of observation is here given as affording a fair basis for comparison between the various animals when in milk. Column 8 — Gives the average for the whole period inclusive of days dry. Column 11. — The price of milk has varied for customers from 10 to 14 lbs. per rupee, but an attempt has been made to fix a slightly higher arbitrary figure to cover cost of distribution. It mu!-t however be remembered that these statements are only intended to afford a basis for com- parison between animals and the figures do not give an accurate indication of the total profit or loss. Sales of dairy produce in the shape of Ghee and sometimes .butter when the demand for milk is very small are generally unprofitable, and an^ in such cases the price estimated for milk is not realised in practice. Charges for supervision, etc, are also not taken into account ift estimating these comparative net profits per animal. 25 column 4 Financial results for total period shown •n column 4. Yield of milk Yearly during Average Remarks. 1906-07. Value of Cost of Cost of net average out-put. milk. feeding. attendance. Net profit. profit per year. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Lbs. Lbs. oz. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. P- Rs. 2,246 1,799 8 1,565 0 0 628 0 0 294 0. 0 690 0 0 fO Died. 3,980 3,750 0 442 0 0 117 0 0 32 0 0 293 0 0 220 2>416 2,204 4 1,089 0 0 396 0 0 147 0 0 546 0 0 108 Died. 3,323 3,571 4 838 0 0 287 0 0 57 0 0 494 0 0 369 1,737 141 8 471 0 0. 223 0 0 42 0 0 181 0 0 ' 71 Died. 2,855 3,712 0 535 0 0 181 0 0 35 0 0 319 0 0 14G 2,318 3,552 12 435 0 0 191 0 0 34 0 0 210 0 0 82 2,714 1.959 12 774 0 0 297 0 0 48 0 0 429 0 0 135 1,174 1,066 4 220 0 0 158 0 0 IC 0 0 46 0 0 20 Sold. 1,800 1,162" 8 362 0 0 203 0 0 27 0 0 142 0 0 54 2,982 2,175 12 601 0 0 232 0 0 39 0 0 330 0 0 136 935 1,580 8 187 0 0 335 0 0 20 0 0 32 0 0 13 Sold. 2,274 2,189 12 394 0 0 159 0 0 £9 0 0 206 0 0 98 1,166 1,446 0 221 0 0 144 0 0 21 0 0 56 0 0 24 1,639 1,916 8 330 0 0 172 0 0 24 0 0 134 0 0 54 708 53 4 137 0 0 134 0 0 12 0 0 —30 Loss. 1,707 2,070 4 297 0 0 147 0 0 20 0 0 130 0 0 61 •.. 1,997 0 366 0 0 129 0 0 14 0 0 23 0 0 ... New. ... 2,794 0 233 0 0 109 0 0 21 0 0 103 0 0 Do. 729 ... 72 0 0 67 0 0 8 0 0 —3 0 0 " 3 Sold. 2,394 3,128 12 1,645 0 0 663 0 0 302 0 0 680 0 0 86 8C9 82 0 0 45 0 0 12 0 0 25 0 0 28 bold. Column 12.— These figures are actuals. It may be noted that cost of feeding and attendance varies with dififerent animals according to period of lactation, size, yield of milk and individual 'diosyncrasies. Column 75.— These figures are actuals for the last three years and approximate estimates for pieceding years. B 1095—4 26 Jsaines. Buffaloes II. Jaflfarabadi. Kundal Ratan SardAri Makna Delhi. Mabilan Rambha S£la Sdvali Godi (cross) Surati. Aditwari Bkrshi Bayaja Bhandiri Bhavari Bhori Chhabeli Chandani Dalbhiri Durga Ciahina Gajari Ganga Ghdri GhosAli Ghambiri Girji Gujar JamildAr K&yerl Maini Mangi Mori Paroli Patangi Putali Ranga Rupi Shevri Tavali Fajaui ... Age. Y. m. d. Medium Do. Do. Do. Aged 13 11 19 Medium .. Do. Young Medium .., Do. 16 6 24 Aged Medium .. Aged 14 9 11 Aged 14 4 9 Young Medium .. Aged Do. Medium .. Ycupg Medium ,. Do. Aged 14 3 27 14 3 17 Young 13 S 18 Medium Do. Young Aged Medium .. Young Medium ., Young Total number of years under obsei va- tion. Results during the period shown in Total number of days ill milk. 4 889 4 1,076 2,-^ 709 li 349 7i 1,773 8 1,839 2i 600 m 469 A 145 2:^2 4 8 8 4 n 4 8 8 8 2^2 8 8 7 5 4 2', 599 1,021 2,046 1,022 685 ?,329 2,195 645 1,934 947 595 1,920 2,062 2,051 765 629 654 1,838 1,965 2,221 436 1,364 787 1,999 657 5,672 999 719 P62 786 103 Total dry days. 571 380 182 195 903 1,081 245 486 Average of Average Maximum daily yield. Ll:«. oa. 17 5 23 0 22 2 18 0 29 9 13 4 17 12 10 14 15 0 352 12 6 439 16 15 874 14 12 379 15 4 270 14 1 591 15 6 755 16 12 815 13 8 896 14 14 613 13 7 175 16 10 996 16 15 868 17 8 866 17 4 190 12 3 320 11 4 291 15 6 1,078 13 8i 951 15 91 696 19 7 102 11 4 fcOl 12 7 164 14 16 911 14 14 288 19 6 879 12 4 822 17 12 376 13 3 558 16 10^ 216 16 13 202 18 8 27 ooltinin 4. Financial results for total period shown column 4. in Yield of milk durinj* 1906-07. Yearly average ont-put. Average Remarks, Yaloe of milk. Cost of feeding. Cost of attendance. Net profit. net profit per year. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Lbs. Lbs. oz. Rs. a. P- Rs. a. p. Rs. a. P- Rs. a. p- Rs. 2,474 2,235 8 807 0 0 351 0 0 93 0 0 363 0 0 90 3,966 4,815 0 1,289 0 0 309 0 0 114 0 0 866 0 0 216 4,236 2,617 4 853 0 0 246 0 0 42 0 0 565 0 0 234 1,942 268 4 243 0 0 324 0 0 16 0 0 —97 0 0 -118 Died. 3,883 1,707 0 2,187 0 0 845 0 0 281 0 0 1,061 0 0 149 Died. 2,107 1,600 4 1,309 0 0 714 0 0 288 0 0 307 0 0 37 3,292 3,147 8 640 0 0 218 0 0 40 0 0 382 0 0 363 1,433 ... 190 0 0 147 0 0 20 0 0 23 0 0 12 b'old. ... 1,466 12 122 0 0 120 0 0 11 0 0 -9 0 0 ... New. 2,021 356 8 436 0 0 196 0 0 27 0 0 212 0 0 87 2,818 2,606 12 912 0 0 366 0 0 96 0 0 451 0 0 112 2,?57 2,036 0 1,410 0 0 788 0 0 282 0 0 340 0 0 44 2,016 8:o 0 613 0 0 318 0 0 88 0 0 237 0 0 59 Died. 2,512 2,846 0 540 0 0 226 0 0 38 0 0 176 0 0 107 3,071 1,899 0 1,906 0 0 924 0 0 291 0 0 691 0 0 86 8,245 2,207 0 2,05 fc 0 0 875 0 0 293 0 0 886 0 0 112 1,180 230 8 384 0 0 244 0 0 75 0 0 65 0 0 16 2,533 743 0 1,541 0 0 727 0 0 283 0 0 531 0 0 68 1,974 1,531 12 641 0 0 316 0 0 87 0 0 208 0 0 62 3,000 2,177 4 520 0 0 224 0 0 34 0 0 262 0 0 125 2,531 413 8 1,579 0 0 778 0 0 284 0 0 577 0 0 73 8,314 3,033 4 2.034 0 0 882 0 0 300 0 0 902 0 0 113 3,157 2,821 12 1,981 0 0 847 0 0 302 0 0 832 0 0 103 2,354 1,865 4 507 0 0 243 0 0 31 0 0 233 0 0 90 2,038 670 4 439 0 0 261 0 0 26 0 0 152 0 0 58 2,462 2,095 0 628 0 0 222 0 0 35 0 0 271 0 0 106 1,926 269 0 1,194 0 0 688 0 0 282 0 0 224 0 0 28 2,468 2,271 0 1,553 0 0 757 0 0 297 0 0 499 0 0 62 3,458 4,504 12 2,179 0 0 908 0 0 311 0 0 960 0 0 119 1,763 1,147 12 208 0 0 146 0 0 16 0 0 47 0 0 33 1,753 1,135 0 977 0 0 674 0 0 229 0 0 174 0 0 256 Died. 2,910 2,577 8 626 0 0 226 0 0 40 0 0 ' 360 0 0 107 2.132 1,812 12 1,339 0 0 729 0 0 290 0 0 ; 320 0 0 39 8,294 2,481 4 709 0 0 24^ 0 0 38 0 0 431 0 0 112 2,374 1,220 4 1,256 0 0 661 0 0 240 0 0 i 355 0 0 61 2,208 675 4 893 0 0 478 0 0 136 0 0 i 278 0 0 55 2,779 2,900 8 599 0 0 220 0 0 42 0 0 1 337 0 0 130 2,268 2,881 0 736 0 0 325 0 0 99 0 0 312 0 0 78 8,024 2,188 12 692 0 0 249 0 0 38 0 0 405 0 0 U7 «•• 2,284 0 190 0 0 110 0 0 17 0 0 63 0 0 Ne\r. 28 Total Results during the period shown in number of Ko. Names. Age. years Total Average under number Total of Average observa- of dry Maximum daily tion. days in milk. days. daily yield. yield. 1 2 3 4> 5 6 7 8 Bufialoes II Y. m. d. Lbs. 02. Lbs. oz. — continued. Deocani. 1 Ghevada Medium .. 1 288 66 11 12 • .* 2 Kevada Do. .. 1 230 74 10 0 ... 3 Chandri Aged f 262 42 13 12 ... 4 Rura^li Do. 206 98 10 0 ... 5 Hira Medium .. ,j 1 244 60 9 8 ... 6 Hang^mi Do. f 245 59 7 12 ... 7 N4ndi Young 304 ... 13 4 ... 8 Gharol Do. .. *1 ^ 238 66 13 4 ... Note, — The average yearly yield per buffalo comes to 1,887 lbs. ; the average daily yields lbs. 2 oz. and the average cost of feeding the buffalo Rs. 95-13-10, and average net profit per bufialo Ks. 49-8.0. Column 7' — The maximum day's yield of the year is always quoted at a sale as an indication of an animal's productiveness and the average of these record yields for the whole period of observation is here given as affording a fair basis for comparison between the various animals when in milk. Column 8 — Gives the avenge for the whole period inclusive of days dry. Column ii.— The price of milk has varied for customers from 10 to 14 lbs. per rupee, but an attempt has been made to fix a slightly higher arbitrary figure to cover cost of distribution. It must however be remembered that these statements are only intended to afiford a basis for comparison between animals and the figures do not give an accurate indication of the total profit or loss. Sales of dairy produce in the shape of Ghee and sometimes butter when the demand for milk is very small are generally unprofitable, and in euch cases the price estimated for milk is not realibed in practice. Charges for supervision, etc., are also not taken into account in estimating these comparative net profits per animal. Column 12. — These figures are actuals. It may be noted that cost of feeding and attendance varies with different animals according to period of lactation, size, yield of milk and individual idiosyncrasies. Column J5.— These figurea are actuals for the last three years aud approximate estimates for preceding years. 29 colamn 4. Yearly average o;it-put. Yield of milk during 1906-07. 10 Lbs. Lbs. oz. 1,865 1,517 2,432 1,733 1,168 1,499 2,798 1,968 Financial results for total period shown in column 4. Value of milk. 11 Rs. a. p. 155 0 126 C 203 0 144 0 97 0 126 0 233 0 163 0 Cost of feeding. 12 Bs. a. p* Cost of attendance. 97 0 0 05 0 0 97 0 0 93 0 0 92 0 0 96 0 0 .10 0 0 94 0 0 13 Bs. &» p. 13 11 18 18 9 11 21 15 Net profit. Average net profit per year. 14 15 Remarks. 16 Es. a. p. Rs. 45 0 0 10 0 0 .*• 88 0 0 38 0 0 •*• 4 0 0 ... 38 0 0 ,,, 102 0 0 ... 54 0 0 ... 1^ s § 30 v.— Strength of the Herd. 6. The following statement) shows the strength of the herd on the 1st of April 1907 as compared with that on the 1st of April 1906:— Strength on let Increase. Decrease. Stren- gth on Ist April 1007. Valuation. Increase Description. Pur- chased or Trans- ferred. Born. Total. Sold. Died. Trans- ferred. Total. 1906. 1907 or decrease during the year. CJows. Shed-bulls Cows Heifers Cow-calves Bull-calves 11 eo 3 22 84 2 2 3 • •a «M 20 24 2 2 3 20 24 3 8 1 22 30 ... 10 ••• 7 11 2 3 2 3 18 S 32 43 10 44 3 20 15 660 3,305 55 295 211 620 2,415 90 212 172 -40 -890 .f35 -83 -39 Total ... 140 7 44 51 64 28 7 99 92 4,526 3,509 -1,017 Buffaloes. Buffalo-bulls ... She-buffaloes ... Heifers Buffalo-cow- calves Do- bull-calves 5 38 5 26 17 1 10 1 4 ... 13 10 1 10 1 17 12 1 IS 9 ... 5 18 14 2 1 1 6 2 32 24 6 42 4 11 5 260 2,875 165 126 37 340 1,565 135 107 22 -I- 80 —1,310 -30 -19 -15 Total ... 91 16 23 41 23 37 4 64 68 3,463 2,169 -1,294 Dairy cart horses . 2 ... .«• ... ... ... ... ... 2 300 250 -50 I From the above statement it will be seen that there is a decrease of 71 in the total number which is principally due to the fact that on account of low prices the casters of the previous years were held over and disposed of this year, VI.— Breeds kept. 6. Three breeds of cows — Karachi or Sindhi, Aden, and Gir — and four of buffaloes, — Jaffarabadi, Dehli, Kaira or Surati, and Varadi or Deccani — are kept. As already stated the Adens were nearly wiped out by the rinderpest. The present Gir herd has only had three seasons at the dairy ; it contains some good cows but they have not been in the dairy long enough to have off-spring in milk. Very little has been done in breeding of buffaloes at Poena as only the Deccanis really do well here as youngsters ; but the 31 Dairy has some good representative animals of Jafferabadi, Surati, Dehli and Deccani, A few fine females of the Deccani breed have been obtained and they will be crossed with a Kaira bull. The Sindhi cows have been bred continuously for about 11 years and we now have 29 farm bred heifers and cows ; of these, 17 are in milk. Pit^mbari (3,307 lbs. average for eighfc years) out of Jd.nki (record 3,481 lbs, of milk) stands first. Bulakhi as a three year old gave over 4,000 lbs. and had her second calf without going dry a day, Giti with 3,400 lbs. as three years old, are some of the most promising. The four breeding Sindhi bulls are : — Daulat, bought in Sind ; Battashia out of the cow Battashi (daily yield of 22-8 lbs. and a record of 2,871 lbs. in 333 days,) sired by Mansur, bought in Sind; Rdja out of Devri (daily yield 19-12 lbs., 4,705 lbs. in 420 days,) Sire Mansur; and Bansia out of Houshi (average for 5 years 3,451 lbs.,) sired by Battashia, VII.— Service of bulls. 7. Free service of bulls is given to the public for healthy animals. VIII.-Farm. 8.. No feeding experiments were carried out in the year under report. Fodder was grown on the Agricultural College lands and the usual statement is appended. The total area cropped was 75 acres and 33 gunthas. The details ore given in the following statement : — Survey No. Plot Kharif crop. Area. Purpose, Rabi crop. Area. Purpose. A.g. A. g. 137 1 BAjri and Chavli mixed. 2 0 Green fodder. Bdjri ra- tion. 2 0 Green fodder. ... 2 Do. 2 0 Do. ... • •• ... 8 Do. 2 0 Do. ... ... ... ..• 4 Do. 2 0 Dry fodder . ... ... ...*.• 150 3 Nilva 2 8 Greeu fotlder. ... ... 151 2 Do. 7 18 Do ... .«. ... 152} 258 i 2 Sundhia ... 0 35 Dry fodder . ... ... 153 1 Hundi Ratoon 2 20 Green fodder. Hundi . . . 2 20 Green fodder. Bemarks. Hundi was sown in March and the Ba.toon crop was taken in kharif, hence shown under kharif. 82 Survej> No. Plot Kharif crop. Area. Purpose, Rabi crop. Area. Purpose. Remarks* A. ^. A. g. 1 ...• .. ..••.• Maize ... 0 5 Green fodder. 2 HundiRatoon 2 30 Green fodder. Hundi ... 2 30 Do. ... Hundi was sown in March and the Ratoon crop was taken in kharif, hence shown under kharif. 2 Maize ... 2 30 Do, ... 3 •*• Do. ... 0 34 Do. ... ••• 4 Lucerne 0 17 Green fodder. Perennial ... ... 5 Handi Ratoon 2 20 Green fodder. Hundi ... 2 20 Green fodder. Do. «•• 5 ... Peas&OatsI 1 34 Do, ... ... 6 Sorghum ... 0 38 Green fodder. Sbtllu ... 0 38 Do. ... ... 7 UUvali ... 1 2 Do. ... Maize ... 1 26 Do. ... 8 Sundhia 2 20 Dry fodder... Do, ... 2 20 Do. ... ... 9 Maize 1 8 Green fodder. .., ^^^mm ••• 10 Lucerne ^ 1 2 Green fodder. Perennial. ... ... .w.... ■ ..• 11 Sundhia 3 20 Green fodder. Maize ... 3 20 Greenfodder. i| 154 2 UUvali ... 1 4 Do. ... ... 1 • •• 3 ... ...».• Khapli ... 2 10 Greenfodder. 156 I Nilva 4 33 Grem fodder. 157 1 Ut&vali ... 1 23 Do. ... Peas&Oats 1 23 Greenfodder. 158 1 Suudhia .. 4 0 Do. ... ... 2 Bdjri 0 15 Do. ... ... • ••..a 3 Mixed Jowdr. 0 10 Do. ... ... ... •a*.,. IX.— Fodder Crops. 9. The following statement gives the outturn, cost of cultivation, etc., of the several fodder crops grown : — Per acre. OoBtof 100 lbs. of the fodder. Name of crop. Area. Outturn of fodder. Cost of cultiva- tion. Date of sowing. Date of flowering. RenaarkB. A. g. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Ss. a. p. i B&jri and Chavli 6 0 6,413 8 13 5 0 3 2 16th June 1906 ... 29th July 1906 „. ) 1 (mixed). 24th June 1906 ... 2nd AugURt 1908 . f Sown in three > plots. 3l8t July 1906 ... 4th October 1906. NUva 926 5,926 13 9 0 0 3 8 22nd July 1907 ... Do. 24th September 1907. Do. 1 Sown in two plots. Sundhia 7 20 7,942 13 6 0 0 2 8 19th June 1906 ... 13th July 1906 ... 5th August 1906 . 10th September 1906. 19th June 1906 ... i Sown in two ploti. Hundi 7 30 16.668 45 6 2 0 4 7 2nd March 1906... ^ 12th April 1906 ... 16th June 1906 ... 'Sown jc three 1 plots. 14th May 1908 ... 23nd July 1908 ... 33 ^■Namo of crop. Area. Per acre. ! Cost of 100 lbs, of the folder. Date of sowing. Date of flowering. Outturn of fodder. Cost of cultiva- tion. Rcm.irki. 1 A. jf. Lbs. as. a, p. Rs. a. p. Hundi Ratoon ... 7 30 1,817 8 9 9 0 7 7 2nd March 1906... 12th August 1906. Sown in th'ce plots. I2th April 1906 ... 14th October 1906. 14th May 1903 ... 20th October 1906. Maizo 12 23 •»-<:58 32 12 7 0 9 5 4th May 19(6 ... 15th May 1906 ... 6th August ICOO . 25th September 1906. 27th Oetobei 1906. 12th June 1908 ... 17th June 1000 ... 24th October 1900. 1st January 1907 . Do. 1 1 Sown in eeven plots. Sorghum 0 38 6,098 20 5 2 i 10th Deaember 1906. 15th December ; 1906. 0 5 3 i 9th Juno 19C6 ... 16th February 1907. 14th February 1907. 29th July 1906. - Shdlu 0 38 2,488 15 12 7 0 10 2 23rd October 1906. 6th Febr-ary 1907. Poas and oats (mixed). Utavall 3 17 3 29 3,078 5.970 33 2 2 11 0 7 1 1 2 0 2 11 16th November 1906. 26th Deoembor 1906. 2jd July 190G ... 19th Pebruarv 1907. 5th March 1907 ... 231 h August 1906. 1 Sown in two pIo'iS. 'Sowa in three \ plots |k 20th August 1906. 6th reeember 19J6. I^Klixed) Jowar... 0 10 2,920 12 8 8 0 6 10 30th August 1906 25th January 1907 9th December 1906. 29th March 1907 . J IBhapli 2 10 2.867 15 13 0 0 8 10 25th January 1907. Do. P- 0 15 2 0 3,663 12 8 5 0 5 4 Ist August 1906... 27th September 1908. •»t... The standing crop was fed to the bullocks, the ratoon crop being too poor. Try Fodders. Bijii 2 0 702 5 4 11 0 12 1 31st July 1906 ... 22nd November 1906. i Sundhia 3 15 4,864 27 0 4 0 8 10 6th June 1908 ... 8th July 1906 ... 3rd * September 1906. 16th September 1P03. 11th November 1903. Sawn in two p'.ots Nilva 4 33 4.803 8 15 7 0 2 11 29th July 1906 ... B 1005—5 1 35 III.-LANOWLI AGEICULTTTRAL STATION, 1906-07. Fstablished—ldOi ; North Latitude— IS"" 45' ; East 'iongitude — 73° 27'; Elevation— "2,^^^ feet above sea level; Soil — light ; Average rainfall — 186 inches. Area — 30 acres. Overseer — Mr. A, R. Nikam. . 1 J 5 1 i B ft J i o >!5 >7 ^ 1 i / // / // ' ri 1 II < It ' It i" n ' ft ' >l t n ' 7 ' W / II Rainfall (1903-07) ... ... 21 93 64 y 35 76 19 74 0 53 ... ... ... 0 64 140 7:j Average 0 43 0 87 29 2 71 81 56 46 23 66 3 9 0 81 025 0 5 0 8 183 56 I.— Introduction, 2, This StatioQ consists of 6 survey numbers and is situated at a distance of about two miles to the south from the Railway station. This area is situated in the Bhusi village. The follow- ing statement shows the areas, rent and assessment : — Survey No. Area. Rent, Assessment. A. g. Rs. Rs. a. p. 51 ••• ••• 4 37 } 75 f 9 0 0 91 ••• ... 7 10 I 18 0 74 ••• •»• 8 6 15 5 0 0 100 10^ tt* t** 3 11 7 2 } 100 { 9 0 0 3 0 0 102 Total ... 4 31 _ 50 1 1 12 0 0 30 17 240 1 1 39 8 0 Out of this area. 11 acres and 1 , Tjunthas w ere under cultiva- tion, the rest of the portion being hilly. 3. J?lotting» — The six survey numbers were divided into 16 fields for convenience. Field V was divided into 14 half-guntha plots and 8 one-gun tha plots. Field VI was divided into 18 half- 36 guntba plots and S oDe-guntha plots. Field No, VII was divided into 4 one-guutha plots. Field No. IX was divided into 9 quarter- guntha, 12 half-guntha and 5 one-guntba plots. Field No. XII was divided into 3 two and a half guntha plots. The above fields were devoted to raise seedlings of experimental plots. The seedlings of varieties were raised in field No. XIV. The fields I, II, III, IV, VIII, X, XI, XIIT, XV and XVI were divided into several plots to receive the seedlings raised on difi^erent kinds of rab and manures. All the varieties were transplanted in field No. XVI. Inthehilly portion of survey No. 104, two varieties of N%li (Mutki and Zipri), Vari and Sava were grown. The tree cottons transplanted in 1905 occupy a part of this hilly portion. II.— Season. 4. During the year under report there were no ante-monsoou showers. The seed was broad-casted in rab beds as usual by the end of May. The monsoon broke out on the 7th of June. The rainfall during the months of June and July was falling almost daily with breaks at intervals. This was quite favourable for the growth and transplantation of seedlings. The transplantation commenced by the middle of July and was finished by the end of the month. In the second fortnight of July the rainfall was heavy, viz. 36f inches. In August the rain fell just when wanted. From the latter part of September the rainfall was deficient for the standing crops. This deficiency has reduced the outturn of rice considerably. There was a thunderstorm on the 8th of October followed by strong winds. This caused the vigorous growing crops to lodge. Harvesting of rdb experimental plots was commenced on the 26th of October and was over by the 24th November. During the season 135 inches of rain was recorded against 106| inches of last year. III.-Ra'b Experiments. 5. Rice may be sown direct in the field or may bo sown first in seed-beds and then the seedlings transplanted to the field. In the preparation of seed beds in this tract it is the custom to cover them with a layer of branches, grass, leaves or cowdung or a mixture of all and slowly burn. The ground is then lightly stirred with a harrow and the seed sown. The burning of this material constitutes the process known in vernacular as '^ Dadha Bhajane *' and the material used as '* Kiib ". si 6. Objects of the present experiments. — Tlie practice of \ibing as at present carried on is very iujurious to forest [rowth and in the case of cowdung, there is a great loss of lauurial substance. The present experiments were instituted to investigate the following questions : — I. — What does the efficiency of rab depend upon ? 11. — What rabs are most beneficial? III. — Can any substitute for the present custom be found ? IV. — Will any after-treatment of the crop secure the effects of rab ? 7. Treatment of seed-beds, — The experiments were divided into eleven series which were further sub-divided into 63 plots. Series la, lb. III, VII and IX had duplicate plots. Series la. — Object. — To ascertain the merits of the practice of rabing. Plot No. 1. — -Aiu loppings covered with the usual quantity of grass and earth. All materials were weighed and burnt. Plot No. 2. — This was treated with ashes obtained in the following way : An equal quantity of Aiu loppings, grass and earth was spread on corrugated iron sheets in the same thickness as in Plot No. 1. The material was weighed and burnt. Ashes were collected, weighed and spread out equally on the plot and mixed lightly with earth by rakes (Dan tale). Plot No. 3. — No treatment of any kind. Plot No. 4 — The soil in this plot was pulverized until the condition of dust. Plot No. 6. — The earth to the depth of 3 inches was taken off and spread in a layer 3 inches deep on sheets of corrugated iron raised on stones, one foot high. The earth was heated for one hour by burning fuel underneath the sheets. When the earth was cooled down, it was collected and spread again evenly on the plot. Series lb. — Plots 6 to 10. — Received the same treatment as Series 1 (a), but the rdb used was mixed branches. Series IL — Object — To compare different kinds of rdb. Plot No. 11.— Ain rab as usual. „ No. 12. — Cowdung rab as usual. ,, No. 13. — Mixed branches rab as usual. „ No. 14.— Grass rab. „ No. 15. — Leaf rab. ^hod 38 ISeries III. — Object — To ascertain the usefulness of certain possible substitutes to be applied to the seed bed in lieu of rab. Plot No. 16. — Treated with mixed branches rab, 20,000 lbs, per acre. „ No. 17. — Safflower cake, 12,S00 lbs, per acre. „ No. 18. — Treated with cowdung rab, 44i,24i0 lbs. per acre. „ No. 19. — Poudrette, 44,240 lbs. per acre. „ No. 20. — Fish manure, 12,960 lbs. per acre. „ No. 21, — Sheep manure, 2,880 lbs. (6 bags) per acre. „ No. 22. — Nitre, 8,400 lbs. per aero. 5, No. 23. — Outside ashes, 16,000 lbs. per acre. Series IV. — Object — To ascertain the most economical method of applying cowdung for raising seedlings. Plot No. 24.— Cowdung rab, 44,240 lbs. per acre. „ No. 25.— Cowdung ashes, 12,280 lbs. per acre „ No. 26. — Cowdung ploughed in 22,120 lbs. per acre. Series V, — Object — To ascertain the comparative value of oilcakes. Plot No. 27. — Manured with safflower cake, 6,480 lbs. per acre. „ No. 28. — Undi cake manure, 16,000 lbs. per acre. 5, No. 29. — Karanj cake manure, 11,080 lbs. per acre. „ No. 30. — Niger cake manure, 13,000 lbs. per acre. „ No. 31, — Rayan cake manure, 13,000 lbs. per acre. Series VI. — Object— To ascertain the most profitable quantity of safflower cake required for raising seedlings. Plot No. 32. — Treated with safflower cake manure equal to the value of cowdung nib at normal price, 9,600 lbs. per acre. „ No, 33.— Treated with cowdung rab, 44,240 lbs. per acre. „ No. 34, — Manured with safflower cake, 8,000 lbs. per acre. „ No. 35. — Manured with safflower cake, 4,000 lbs. per acre. 139 Series VIL — Object — To ascertain the most beneficial leraents of plant-food for raising seedlings. Plot No. 36.— Manured with safiHower cake, L5,920 lbs. per acre. „ No. 37. — Manured with sulphate of potash, 1,920 lbs, per acre. „ No. 38. — Manured with superphosphate, 22,880 lbs. ^ per acre. „ No. 39, — No treatment of any kind. „ No. 40. — Cowdung rab ... 44,160 lbs. per acre. ( Safflower cake ... 25,920 J, No. 41,— ] Sulphate of potash 1,920 (.Superphosphate... 22,880 T^ .n C Safflower cake ... 25,920 „ iN 0. ^i J. I Sulphate of potash 1,920 nyr .0,^ r Safflower cake ... 25,920 „ INO. ^d. I Superphosphate... 22,880 nyj- .. J Sulphate of potash 1,920 „ iNo. 44i. I Superphosphate ... 22,880 Series VII L — Object — To ascertain lime requirements. Plot No. 45. — Cowdung nib ,.. 44,240 lbs. per acre. „ No. 46.— Lime ... 2,400 „ „ „ No. 47. — No treatment. „ No. 48.— Lime ... 6,000 „ „ Series IX (Duplicate). — Object — To compare field manuring with seed-bed manuring. Plot No. 49. — Mixed branches nib as usual. „ No. 50. — Cowdujag rab as usual,. „ No. 51.— No ra;b. The seedhngs raised in each of the above plots (49, 50 and 51) were transplanted in 5 two-guntha plots and manured iu the fields as under : — {a) Manured with cowdung manure 7,360 lbs. per acre. {h) Safflower cake ... ... 720 „ „ ((?) Poudrette ... ... 7,360 „ {d) No treatment. \e) Nitre ... ... 380 „ J> J» 5> 35 5) J> >J 9> >> 40 Series X. — Object— To compare field manuring with seed-bed manuriDg. Plots Nos. 52 to 59. — The seed-l?eds were treated with cow- dung rab as usual and the transplanted area received different manures as follows : — (1) Sulphate of potash ... ... 330 lbs. per acre. (2) Safflower cake ... ... 360 (3) Superphosphate ... ... 100 j 330 (4) Manures same as plots ], 2 and 3, ^. eA 360 ( 100 (5) No treatment. (6) Manure same as plots 1 and 2 (7) Manure same as plots 2 and 3 (8) Manure same as plots 1 and 3 330 360 360 100 330 iOO 1 Series XL — Object — To compare field manuring with seed- bed manuring. Plots Nos. 60 to 63. — The seed-beds were treated with cow- dung r^b as usual. The transplanted area received the field applications as below : — (1) Lime ... ... 1,600 lbs. per acre. (2) Lime and cowdung .,.\ o'qoq '* " (3) Cowdung manure only ... 3,680 „ „ (4) No treatment. The following statement shows the quantity of rdb materials used for different plots and their cosU: — No. of plot. Area. Kind of treatment. Guntlias. Series I-A In duplicate, Ain rub ... I Do, Quantity of r&b materials put on in the sccd-bed. Lbs. 240 branches of Ain 112 grass 93 earth 265 branches of Ain 126 grass 124 earth Cost of rdb materials and application cliarges. \^ Rs. a. p. 14 0 1 4 0 41 Cost of rib No. of plot. Area. Kind of treatment. Quantity of rib materials put ou in the seed-bed. materials and application charges. Series I-A in duplioate— Gunthas. continued. Lbs. Rs. a. p. 2 k Ashes of Ain rib 122 ashes of Ain branches .. 1 8. 0 7 i Do. 115 do. 18 0 3 i No treatment ... 8 i Do. •.»•.. ..... 4: i Earth pulverized ••..■.. 0 6 0 9 h Do. •.. .. 0 6 0 5 i Earth heated ...... 1 12 0 10 i Do. Series I-B in duplicate ( 260 branches 1 12 0 1 i Mixed branches rib ... \ 120 grass 94 earth 260 branches V 0 14 0 \ 6 i Do. .•• X 128 grass 124 eartH V 0 14 0 2 h Ashes of mixed branches 142 ashes of mixed bran- ches. 10 0 7 k Do. 175 do. 12 0 3 i No treatment ...... 8 h Do. .«•••• 4 h Earth pulverized ... OQ 0 9 i Do. 0 6 0 5 h Earth heated 1 12 0 10 h Uo. Series II. { 830 branches 1 12 0 1 t 1 Ainrib ... J ( 171 grass 217 earth 1,106 cowdnng y 2 4 0 2 Cowdnng rib ... I ( 162 grass 365 earth 538 branches S 8 0 3 Mixed branches rib ... X 159 grass 185 earth [ 2 8 0 4 Grass r^b 415 grass 155 earth 887 leaves i 10 0 7 6 Leaf rib ... j Series III in dupli^a e 160 grass 193 earth 260 branches y 2 0 0 > 1 i Mixed branches rdb ... \ ( 145 grass 124 earth f 13 0 Do. ... \ 255 branches i 13 0 9 \ 128 grass ( 93 earth i 2 ■ \ Safflower cake ... ... 162 safflower 1 11 4 10 \ Do. 162 do. 553 cowdung 1 11 4 ) 3 i Cowdung rab ... X 112 grass 80 earth C 2 10 B 1095— G 42 Ko. of plot. 11 4 12 5 13 G 14 7 15 3 10 Ganthas. Series III in duplicate- con/ tnitecf. Area. Kind of treatment. Cowdung r&b Poudrette Uo. Fish Do. Duug from folded sbecp Do. Nitro Do. Outside ashci *•• Do. Series IV. Cowdung rdb Ashes of cowduug Cowdung ploughed in . Series V. SafSower cake • I'ndi cake . Karanj cake Niger cake H&y&n cake Series VI. ... i Safflower cake Cowdnng r&b Safflower cake Do. ; ] Quantity of rdb materials pat on in the seed-bed. Lbs. 553 cowdung 114 grass 80 tarth 553 poudrette 5.^3 do. ^62 fish 162 do. 260 sheep-dung 1:60 do. ^0 nitre 80 do. 200 outside ashes 200 do. 1,106 cowdung 198 grass "■65 e^^th . 807 ashes 553 cowdung 1B2 safflower cake 400 Undicuke 2*^7 Karanj cake 32') niger cake 825 lUyan cake Cost of rib materials and appi cation cha.ges. 1 i 10 2 11 1 3 12 4 U 5 14 « J 15 Series VII in duplicate- Safflower cake Do. Sulphate of potash Do. Soperphospliates Do. No treatment Do. Cowdung r4b Do. Safflower cake + sulphate of potash + PuperphospbaLes Do, 120 safflower cake 553 cowdung 100 grass 75 earth 100 Bufflower cake 50 do. 162 safflower cake ... 162 do. 12 sulphat i of potash 12 do. 143 superphosphates 143 do. 2"6 cowdung 60 gr.iss 36 earth 276 cowdung 60 grass ... 86 earth 16"^ safflower 12 sulphate of potash 14.T superphosphates Do. E Rs. a. p. 2 10 1 7 0 1 7 0 6 2 4 t> 12 4 1 5 0 1 5 0 8 10 0 8 10 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 8 7 0 3 8 0 2 2 0 1 11 4 14 2 0 7 0 9 3 6 0 5 4 0 I 14 9 1 12 0 1 1 8 0 8 10 1 10 4 1 10 4 1 3 0 1 3 0 11 14 11 II 14 11 1 0 0 10 0 14 10 3 14 10 3 43 Cost of rib No. of plot. Area. Kind of treatment. Quantity of rib materials put ou iu the seed-bed. mateii .Is aud applica'.ijn chai'i^es. Series VII in duplicate Gunthas — continued. Lbs. Rs. a. p» 7 i' ^'afflowcr cake 162 safflower cake ... ] 2 12 4 + snip hate of potash j2 sulphate of LOtash .** 13 i Do. Do. ... 2 72 4 8 i\ Siflaowercake 162 8fcfflow«ir cake ,^ j 13 8 3 + superphosphates 143 superphosphates V, 17 i I>0. Do ... 13 8 3^ 9 *^ Sulphate of pot" sh 12 sulphate of potash ... [ 13 0 11 4- sui. erphosphaies 143 superphosphates .. 18 i Do. Series VIII. ( Do. £53 cowdung ... ... ..a 13 0 U 1 i Cowdung rib ... 210 grass 7.^ ear;h ... [ 1 12 0 2 ^ Lime 30 lime ... 0 7 6 3 ^ No treatment 4 t Lime Series IX in duplicate. 76 lime ... 3 cart 1 branches 0*12 10 I 7 0 0 1 2i Mixed branches rib ... 445 gi-a38 '•„ ( 310 eaith *•. (■ 3 cart loads branchea ... 4 n Do. c ( 4 7 grass :^50 earth 2,7t»5 cuwdung • •* [ 7 6a i 2 21 Cowdung rab •„ j {' 3«)0 grass 17i) earth 2,765 c<»wdung .*;; V 9 13 0 '1 5 2i Do. ... I 300 grass 170 earth ... • 9 12 0 3 2i No rib •••••• 6 2t Do. Series X 1,106 cowdung ,^ *•• ) 1 1 Cowdung rib c 344 gra>» fe3 earth ... 2 9 0 2 1 Do, Same as above ... 2 9 0 8 1 Do. Jo. .*!.* 2 9 0 4 1 Do. Do. ... 2 9 0 5 1 Do. Do. ... 2 9 0 6 1 Do. Do. 2 9 0 7 1 Do. Do. ... 2 9 0 8 1 Do. Series XT. Do. 1,105 cowdung ... 2 9 0 ) ^ 1 Cowdung rab ... / 144 gl•a^s 03 earth ... 2 9 0 2 1 Do. Do ... 2 9 0 3 1 Do. Do. ,, 2 9 0 4 1 Do. Do. ... 2 9 0 4i4 8. Besults with regard to seedlings. — During the year under report the seedlings from Series I A, IB and IX were very much damaged by crabs. The following statement shows the area actually transplanted and the cost of raising seedlings sufficient for transplanting an acre : — Kind of treatment. Series I*A. Ain rab Ashes of Ain rab ... No treatment Earth pulverized ••• Earth heated Series I-B in duplicate. Mixed branches r^b Do. Ashes of mixed branches Do. No treatment Do. Earth pulverized ... Do. Earth heated Do. Series II. Ain rab Cowdung rih Mixed branches r^b Grass rdb «•■ Leaf rdb Series III in duplicate. Mixed branches r^b Do. Safflower cake Do. Cowdung rdb Do. Poudrette n 2 2 n H H H H If 2i Corrected for crab eaten portions acd blanks. Cost of raising seedlings sufRciect for transplanting one acre. Gunthas, 2 2 li 2 2 Rs. a. p. ^8 2 0 33 2 0 4 1 0 10 6 8 37 14 8 2 1 20 6 8 2 i 20 6 8 2 25 6 8 2 22 14 8 1* 3 12 8 14 3 12 8 2 10 6 8 2 10 6 8 2 37 14 8 2 87 14 8 5 20 6 0 8 38 15 9 5 22 6 0 5 10 6 0 5 \6 6 a H 21 5 4 24 21 5 4 2i 2b 15 4 2i 25 15 4 2% 30 14 8 24 30 14 8 3 25 5 4 45 No. of plot. Kind of treatment. 12 5 13 6 14 7 15 8 16 1 10 2 11 3 12 4 13 6 14i Series III in duplicate.— co«^li Do. Safflower cake + phutes Do. Sulphate of potash phosphates Do. do. Sulphate of ■• ■ do. Super phos do. + do. Super- Area actufvlly tiaiis- planted. Qunthas- U Serias VIII. Cowdung rab Lime No treatment Lime Series IX in duplicate. Mixed branches r^b Do. Coudung rdb ••• Do. No rab Do. Series X. Cowdung rdb Do. ••• Do. Do. Do. ••• Do. Do. Do. Series XI • Cowdung idb Do. Do. Do. 1 li 1 If 2 10 5 9 2 6i 6i H 5 5 5 6 5 Corrected for (;rab eaten poiiions and blanks. Qunthas. n 1 H I 2 10 10 9 9 6i ei 5 6 5 6 5 Cost of rai-ins? seedlings suffid nt for trans J !an:iug one acre. Rs. a. p. 470 1.3 4 367 16 5 91 0 0 113 12 0 43i 13 4 543 8 8 288 13 10 262 9 30 5 11 1 2 10 24 10 4 32 3> 33 83 9 0 ii 4 0 3 4 0 17 2 6 17 2 6 17 2 6 22 14 0 22 14 0 22 14 0 22 14 0 22 14 0 22 14 0 22 14 0 22 14 0 22 14 0 47 The area of the seed beds was nofc the same in all cases* The cowdung rd,b plot of on^ guntha supplied seedlinors sufficient for transplRMtiiig 8 guntlias, and almost all oilcake plots, poudrette and fish manure plots supplied seedlings for 6 gunthas each. The cost of raising seedlings varies greatly and is very high. The Ain and mixed branches had to be brought from long dis- tances and t'ne artificial manures were yevy costly. The Uudi cake was brought from Ratndgiri and Hay an from Nadiad. 9. Restilts of field crops. — The seedlings from cake, fish, poudiette and cowdung plots were healthy and vigorous in the seed beds as well as in the transp'anted area. The seedli'iors raised on artificial manures were healthy and strong in the seed beds, bub they fared poorly in the transplanted area. So far as the fiorures given below prove anything, they indi- cate that cowdung rao has j istified its reputation amonj cultiva- tors as the bt'St preparation fjr the seed bed. Tue yields are however much too uneven to be reliable. 48 + 1 o o S £ teoots 2 oa A o us us rt t> C O lO ta fo ft o rH + f s + . 00 § I S I I i I 8 I I I I I i 8 2 i Slllllii 1 I f I « i-i o a» o o o to 00 lO lO to «o >n 00 CO ^ C5 CO CO o 00 o 00 >a 00 kfl lo a» lo ej >n d O 06 © IS to lO <« 5J 3 ^ ^ S 5 •♦ON ■« • (Nt ?; g s ! : 1-5 I I I 1 •g I 1 "2 c5 ^ I « -3 o •c s o ^ •s OQ 3 , TS o a ^ « 2 U S5 •^ 5 6 2 £ g « 5 .a •s f o p* SP 1 1 1 O oa o O -< O •5 "g 1 1 B 1095—7 50 ii 11 ^ f I ( e8 «T ** H-3-3 > o «0 O 05 W O O •-I M t^ 04 O C4 US 00 CO ei lo US CO (M lO e« S ee i i 00 00 CO e<« ej *« 52 ^ ij S c^ oo s s s g; s f ^ «D ^ 04 £« .-I O ^ a» ^ c<» ^ ^ 21 i: . _ . c fi S 00 00 00 00 (M M o 000 04 00 e ; 7 r-t ■* 10 CD U1 O CO CO ce eo CO s § i eo CO A CO iH « e» o CO e§ CO m S s i ^ ^ g i i § fill I i § i 06 05 10 r-l O i-l Si i$ 00 ■« 00 ■« » •-• 00 « :« S S s o 0 to 0 10 0 «o GO S 00 a GO a g; §3 S3 ^ & g^ 04 ^ S •» o •* a « s s ai s 000 « CO « 00 N 2 5; s; i § i g ^ 92 t 3 p. OQ 6 f^ •a M M > o P 6 52 -si S5 s is *• ^ ^ ^ ^ S >i If O N 00 U3 t« »1 CO Qb ^ ^ CO CO 0& X:^ «e t- T* »o is s ill §• i §* s + 1 ■ s II a 4 M i "o !? O o S 1 it CO 1 it e 1 J CO CO «D CD d in lO (N rH O 3^5 1 S ^31 s g § ^ JS s CO 1,760 1.460 1,220 1,045 2.900 U ■ _ ^ e ^ 1,600 1,260 1,120 939 1,920 --"S rt - p, O © O O -Jl 57 4 59 2 47 4 42 14 61 3 » P3 ^ <£. o o o o o . i Cost 0 cultiva tion in the trane. plant ec area. J ^ 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 26 14 i ** "S d o o o -* 1 "5 1 CO ■* CO : ** s 2 -* a •K fcrS) o. o o o o o Oca 111 3 §s §? §^ g^ : : : t : 1 ^ •g M 1 : « : t : i M •^ M -g S OQ .? + -a ♦* Q) •2 2 2 2 •o 1 OQ M •i a» «* I 5 %^1 1 1 1 "So Sfzi u «» i I : : i ^ 55 ■ 10. EeauUsfrom seed-beds.-'On the whole the outturn results IH seed-beds are superior in yield to the transplanted area, and fcecially so in the Series III, VI and VII. Field No. Plot No. Kind of treatment. Cost per Acre. Outturn per Acre. Profit {+) or loss(-). Cost of raising seedlings. Cost of cultiva- tion in the trans- planted Area. Total cost of cultiva- tion. Grain. Straw. Total value of outturn. Remarks. Series lA. Rs. a. p. Kb. a. p. Us. a. p. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. 6 1 Ain rjib 28 2 0 20 0 0 48 2 0 1,600 1,760 69 2 6 -fll 0 6 »» 2 Ashes of Ain 33 2 0 20 0 0 53 2 0 960 1.410 37 8 0 -15 10 0 ,. 3 No treatment 4 10 4 10 ... ... ... —4 10 Seedlings washed away by rain. t* 4 Earth pulverized ... 10 6 8 20 0 0 30 6 8 960 1,280 36 10 6 +Q 8 10 •> 6 Earth heated 37 14 8 20 0 0 57 14 8 960 1,920 40 0 0 -H7 10 8 N. B.-Seedl ings from the duplicate seed-beds were enough only for transplantation area. SerieglB. ... Seed lings Buffi cient for tran splant ation area only. Series II. 5 1 Ain r4b 20 6 0 26 10 8 47 0 8 1.600 1,520 57 14 6 ■f-lO 13 10 »» 2 Cowdung ritb 18 15 9 26 10 8 45 10 5 1,880 2,160 70 0 0 -f-24 5 7 n Mixed branches r4b. 22 6 0 26 10 8 40 0 8 1.449 1,440 52 8 0 +3 7 4 t» Grass rdb 10 6 0 26 10 8 37 0 8 1.320 1.6G0 49 9 3 + 12 8 7 " Leaf r&b Series III. 18 6 0 26 10 8 45 0 0 1,360 1,630 51 4 0 +8 3 4 Mixed branches rfib. 21 5 4 23 8 0 43 13 4 1,760 1,920 65 0 0 +21 2 8 Do. 21 5 4 27 1 4 48 6 8 2,240 3,040 85 13 3 +86 6 7 Safflower oake 25 15 4 22 8 0 43 7 4 2.720 2,880 100 0 0 +51 8 8 Do. 25 15 4 27 1 4 63 0 8 2,240 i,320 92 8 0 +89 7 4 Cowdung r&b 30 14 8 22 8 0 53 6 8 2,560 2,880 95 0 0 +41 9 4 Do. 30 14 8 27 1 4 58 0 0 2,240 3,360 87 8 0 +29 8 0 Poudrelte 20 9 4 22 8 0 43 1 4 2,560 2,880 95 0 0 +51 14 8 9 Do. 25 5 4 27 1 4 52 6 8 2,320 3,840 92 8 0 +40 1 4 10 Fish manure 10 10 8 22 8 0 133 2 8 2,773 5.120 112 1 0 -21 1 8 Do. 92 8 6 27 1 4 119 4 10 2.400 4,160 96 10 6 -23 10 4 11 Sheep dung 23 6 4 22 8 0 46 13 4 2,347 3.093 89 7 3 +43 9 11 Do. 23 6 4 27 1 4 60 6 8 2.160 3.680 86 10 6 +86 8 10 12 Nitre Seedli ngs RUffl clenl for trans planta tion ar ea only. Do. 140 5 4 .27 1 4 167 6 8 1,760 3.200 71 10 6 —95 12 2 13 Ashes Seedli ngs saffi cient for trans planta tion ar ea only. Do. 9 2 8 27 1 4 36 4 0 I 1.920 3,660 79 2 6 + 42 14 6 56 Plot No. Kind of treatment. Cost per Acre. Outturn per Acre. Proat ( + ) or loss (-;. Remarks. Field No. Cost of raising seedlinga. Cost of cultiva- tion iQ the trans- planted Area. Total cost of cultiva- tion. 1 1 Grain Straw. i Total value of outturn. Series IV. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p Rs. a. p. 6 6 Cowdung r&b 24 4 4 26 10 8 50 15 0 1,920 3.160 71 4 0 +20 5 0 i» 7 Ashes of cowdung . 30 6 0 28 10 8 57 0 8 1,440 1.840 64 9 3 -2 7 5 •* 8 Cowdang ploughed in Series V. 15 2 2 26 10 8 41 12 10 1,920 2,440 72 11 3 +30 14 6 9 21 Safflower cake 12 8 6 26 0 0 37 8 6 1,920 4,080 81 4 0 + 43 11 6 »i 22 Undi cake 23 Karanj cake 45 14 4 25 0 0 70 14 4 1,84 u 3.520 75 13 3 +4 14 11 *i 21 Niger cake 22 0 6 26 0 0 47 0 6 1.280 2,720 54 2 6 + 7 2 0 J »> 26 Riyan cake Series VI. 33 4 6 26 0 0 68 4 6 1.280 2,040 53 12 0 -4 8 6 5 9 Safflower cake 23 1 4 26 10 8 49 12 0 2,240 2.880 85 0 0 ♦ 35 4 0 ■ t> 10 Cowdung T&h 30 5 4 26 10 8 57 0 0 1,760 2,240 67 11 3 + 10 11 3 1 • 1 11 Safflower cake 25 0 0 26 10 8 51 10 8 2,240 2.8S0 85 0 0 +33 5 4 1 •• 12 Do. Series VII. 13 15 4 26 10 8 40 10 0 2.160 2,560 80 13 3 +39 3 3 8 9 Safflower cake 42 15 6 35 0 0 77 15 6 1,920 3,840 80 0 0 + 2 0 6 *• 10 Sulphate of Potash. 31 8 2 36 0 0 66 8 2 1,920 3,340 80 0 0 +13 7 10 *• 11 Superphosphates ... 300 2 1 35 0 0 335 2 1 2,240 3,840 90 0 0 -245 2 1 ,. 12 No treatment 2 14 8 35 0 0 37 14 8 2,240 2.660 83 5 3 +45 6 7 Received manui „ 13 Cowdung ri(b 34 6 4 33 0 0 69 5 4 •2,660 4,480 103 5 3 +83 15 11 from adjacent pioti »f 14 Safflower cake + sulphate of potash + 8uperpho6- phates. 470 13 4 35 0 0 505 13 4 1.280 5,120 66 10 6 -439 2 10 " 16 Safflower cake + sulphate of potash 91 0 0 35 0 0 126 0 0 1,280 6,400 73 5 0 -62 11 0 tt 16 Safflower cake + superphosphates. 434 13 4 35 0 0 469 13 4 1.280 6,120 66 10 6 -403 2 10 •< 17 Sulphate of potash + 8uperp ho6- phates. 288 13 10 35 0 0 323 13 10 1,280 3,840 62 0 0 -261 13 10 N.B.— Seedlings from the duplicate seed-beds were just enough for the transplantation area. Serieg VIII. e 18 19 Cowdung rib Lime 30 6 4 11 1 0 25 6 8 26 6 8 65 12 0 36 7 8 1,120 1,280 2.080 1.920 45 13 3 50 0 0 -9 14 9 + 13 8 4 Isoll rocky. Oro) )■ thia and e»t« by crabs. J li 20 No treatment 2 10 0 26 6 8 28 0 8 960 9C0 35 0 0 •»6 15 4 »» 21 Lime Seedli ngs BUffi nient for trans plantation ar ea only. 57 1 ield Ho. 1 Plot No. 1 1 1 Kind of treatment. Cost per Aero. Outturn per Acre, Profit (+) or lo?s(-). Co£t of raising seedlings. Cost of cultiva- tion in the trans- planted Area. Total cost of cultiva- tion. Grain. Straw. 1 Total value of outturn. Remarks. 1 Series IX. j Es. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Lbs. Lbs. Ra. a. p. R3. a. p. 12 1 1 Mixoil branches rab Soedli I ngs suffl cient for trans planta tion ar aa only. .. 2 Cowdiing rab ! 32 7 4 22 0 0 54 7 4 1.088 1.520 41 14 (. -12 8 10 .' 3 No rub Seedli ngs saffi cient or trans'planta tion ar ea only. N. B.-Seedlings from the duplicate seed-beds were not ; enough for transplantation. Series X. - 6 14 C'owdnngrab 17 2 6 24 9 4 41 11 10 1.640 1.860 60 10 0 + 18 14 2 15 Do. 17 2 C 24 9 4 41 11 10 1.600 1,720 58 15 3 + 17 3 5 „ 16 Do. 17 2 6 24 9 4 41 11 10 1.64) 1,720 CO 3 3 + 18 7 5 •> 17 Do. 22 14 0 24 9 4 47 7 4 1.320 1.410 48 12 0 + 14 8 «• 18 Do. 22 14 0 24 9 4 47 7 4 1,360 1,600 50 13 3 +3 5 11 » 19 Do. 22 14 0 24 9 4 47 7 4 1,480 1.560 54 6 0 +6 14 8 9 20 Do. 22 14 0 21 9 4 47 7 4 1,160 1.360 43 5 '^ -4 2 1 h 21 Do. Series XI. 22 14 0 24 9 4 47 7 4 1.320 1,560 49 6 0 +1 14 8 ¥ 1 Cowdnng rab 22 14 0 24 0 0 47 4 0 1,560 1,800 58 2 0 + 10 14 0 f* 2 Do. 22 14 0 24 6 0 47 4 0 1,560 1,680 57 8 0 +11 4 0 .V 3 Do. 22 14 0 1 24 6 0 47 4 0 1,560 1,720 57 11 3 + 10 7 3 » I 4 Do. 22 14 0 24 6 0 47 4 0 1.4S0 1,640 34 12 6 +7 8 6 Variety Jests. 11. Fifty-four varieties of rice from the Bombay Presidency and 53 varieties from Beni^al were tried this year on a very small area. )nly fifteen bunches of each variety were transplanted. The yield L'om each bed varied from 2 to 8 ozs. The produce has been preserved or sowing in the next year. B 1095—8 58 The notes as to the characteristics of the Bengal varieties are given in the statement helow : — Kg. Name of Variety. Colour of stem. Final height. Length, of ear. Date of sowing. Date of transplant- ing. Date of flowering. i Date of harvest- ing. 1 2 3 ' 1 5 6 7 8 9 Ft. In. Inches. 1 Uraibutta (old) Wh'.te... 2 8 7 30th May. 19th July. 24th Sept. 29th Oct. 2 Sainharpuchhi >j ••• 3 3 8 Do. Do. 28th Sept. 30th Oct. 3 Chitrakot (old) Reddish 2 7 6 Do. Do. 10th Se[.t. 18th Oct. 4 Sailo White .. 2 8 6 Do. Do. 21st Sept. 24th Oct. 5 Sont )) *•• 3 2 8 Do. Do. 4th Oct. 9th Nov. 6 Chhatri ]> ... 2 7 6 Do. Do. 27th Sept. 30th Oct. 7 Suwapankhi . >i ••• 3 2 8 Do. Do. 1st Oct. 9th Nov. 8 Dudhkhoa (old) » 2 8 7 Do. Do. Do. 1st Nov. 9 Radhavahme (old) . » 3 3 30 Do. Do. 5th Oct. 9th Nov.,- 10 Tonga » ••• 3 11 9 Do. Do. 4th Oct. Do.il 11 Kakeii rice (new) ... » ••• ' 3 0 7 Do. Do. 23rd Aug. 31st Ofl 12 Amagoli Reddish 1 ^ 6 10 Do. Do. 20th Sept. Do.a 13 Chiunor }» 2 0 10 Do. Do. 12th Oct. 16th SM 14 Telasi Gi-eenish 2 4 6 Do. Do. 14th Sept. 16th Cfl 15 Haradgunda White... 1 2 8 6 Do. Do. 25th Sept 9th NoH 16 Ponga }> ! 3 2 9 Do. Do. 7th Oct. Do. m 17 Tedi » ••• 2 8 6 Do. Do. 4th Oct. Do. 18 Pandhari (old) »> ' * ! 2 5 6 Do. Do. 27th Sept. Slst Oct. 19 Kari Konj tf ••• 2 5 5 Do. Do. 8th Oct. 9th Nov. 20 Girar Koth >i ■ • • 2 4 C Do. Do. 7th Oct. Do. 21 Cbipda >) • •• 2 5 6 Do. Do. 16th Sept 18th Oct. 22 Garadkat « ••• 2 4 6 Do. Do. 23rd Sept. 1st Nov. 23 Mahurdheti » ... i 2 3 0 Do. Do. 1st Oct. Do. 24 Chiuga t> ••• 2 i 6 Do. Do. 15th Sept. 16th Oct. 25 Bagmuchhi (old) s, 2 11 8 Do. Do. 13th Sept. 16th Nov. 26 Bhera Kawar i» ... 3 2 8 Do. Do. 26th Sept 31st Oaim 27 Rupraj (old) « ••• 2 7 7 Do. Do. 1st Oct. 1st Nol 28 Padamsar )> *** 2 4 7 Do. Do. 29th Aug. 29th Sfl 29 Kari Konga >» 2 11 8 Do. Do. 23rd Sept. 9th No 30 Nonga » ••• 2 G C Do. Do. 11th Sept. llthOc 31 Sonth » • •• 2 10 8 Bo. Do. 22nd Sept 3l8t 0 32 Samudrasoakh >» ••• 3 9 9 Do. Do. 30th Sept. 1st No 83 Chinikapur »> ••• 3 0 C Do. Do. 28th Sept. Do. 34 Sooapankh „ ... 3 0 8 Do. Do. 1 29th Sept. Slst 0( 35 Bhakwa V ••• 2 9 6 Do^. Do. ! 3rd Oct. 1st No 86 Chiuga (old) a 2 0 6 Do. Do. 1 23rd Aug. 25th S 37 Nagsar it ••• 2 5 8 Do. Do. 2Gth Sept. 9th No 38 Tulsizak if .*• 2 4 9 Do. Do. 5th Oct. Do. 39 Terhi Greenish 2 0 7 Do. Do. 1st Oct. Do. 40 Ramkel White... 2 6 G Do. Do. 28th Sept. Do. 41 No name >» ••» 2 2 5 Do. Do. 24th Aug. Do. 42 t3 „ ... 2 6 G Do. Do. 1st Oct. Do. 43 if ... ... „ ... 1 8 5 Do. Do. 5th Oct. Do. 44 i* ... »» ... 2 2 6 Do. Do. 25th Auj?. 4th Otf 45 )| ••• ... »> *.* 3 4 10 Do. Do. 1 0th Oct. 9th No 46 »» • • • }» ••. 1 9 5 Do. Do, 30th Aug. 2ndOc 47 H ... ••• >» •.» 2 0 G Do. Do. 3fd Sept. 4th Oct. 48 if ••• ... » ••. 2 2 6 Do. Do. 22nd Sept. 24th Oct. r ss Kame of Variety. Colour of stem. Final height. Length of ear. Date of sowing. Date of transplant- ing. Date of flowering. Date of harvest" ing. 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 0 Ft. In. Inches. No name White.. » 1 4 6 30th May. 19th July. 8th Oct. 9th Nov. )> ... ... Reddish. 1 9 5 Do. Do. 8th Sept. 11th Oct. » ••» ••• White... 1 3 6 Do. Do. 6th Oct. 9th Not. ,> ... ••. <» ... 2 9 8 Do. Do. 23rd Sept. Ist Nov. j» ••• Reddish. 1 10 5 Do. Do. 7th fc'ept. 11th Oct, >j ••• ••• }, ... 1 8 5 Do. Do. 10th Sept. 13th Oct. ), ... i.t »» ••• 1 8 5 Do. Do. 7th Sept. Do. ;> •.• »•» »» ... 2 2 6 Do. Do. 27tb Aug. 29th fc'ept. )> ati White... 2 0 5 Do. Do. 2l8t ^ept. 24th Oct. }> ... ••• » ••• 2 4 6 Do. Do. 3rd Oct, 19th Nov. :■) ... ••. ») 1 8 6 Do. Do. 29th Aug. 4th Oct. »> ..« ••• » ... 2 2 7 Do. Do. 7th Oct. 19th Nov. 3) .•» ••• )> ... 1 10 6 Do. Do. 3rd Sept. 5th Oct. }) ... j> ... 1 8 5 Do. Do. 1st Sept. 2nd Oct. J> ... ••» )} ... 1 7 4 Do. Do. 9th tiept. 18th Oct. Karuniayaial >> ••• 2 5 7 Do. Do. 3rd Oct. 19th Nov. Chatteparneclai ,, ... 3 4 6 Do. Do. 20th Kept. 24th Oct. Chavannaga Aryan ... }> ... 3 0 7 Do. Do. 25th Sept. Ist Nov. Ponnacbatta Aryan ... it ••• 2 4 6 Do, Do. 6th Sept. 23rd Oct. No name >j ... 2 10 8 Do. Do. 10th Oct. 19th Not }i ..t ft ••• 1 5 6 Do. Do. 2l8t Sept. 1st Nov. )) ... ••. »» •»• 2 5 6 Do. Do. 17th fc'ept. Do. „ ... ••• #» ••» 2 8 7 Do. Do. Ist Oct. 19th Nov. f> 2 7 5 Do. Do. 25th Sept. 2nd Nov, „ ... ,, ... 2 6 6 Do. s°- 20th Sept. Do. jf ... .»• » ... 8 0 7 Do. Do. 12th Sept. Do. jj ... ... „ ... 2 10 8 Do. Do. 27th Sept. Do. j> ••• »•• )» ••• 3 0 9 Do. Do. 26th Sept. 19th Nov. M • • • t • . }> ... 2 5 6 Do. Do. 25th Sept. 2nd Nov. J, ... ... ,, ... 3 1 6 Do. Do. 10th Sept. Do. Karanai sora (Bankral) „ ... 2 10 7 Do. Do. 27th Sept. 19th Nov. KamalBhog a ••• 3 0 9 Do. Do. 11th Oct. Do. Bamsal ,, ... 3 3 7 Do. Do. 10th Oct. 26th N )V. Mota Balanc Reddish. 3 2 9 Do, Do. 6th Oct. 19th Nov. Pankharas ..« White... 3 3 7 Do. Do. 7th Oct. 26th Nov. Bhoourh' sylhet }> ••• 2 10 9 Do. Do. 3rd Oct 19th Nov. Lanimi Bhandar 11 ••• 2 5 7 Do. Do. 23rd Sept. Do. Bank Tulai >i ••• 2 5 6 Do. Do. 9th Oct. 26th Nor. Hoorie (heavier yield) s> ... 2 5 8 Do. Do. Do. Do. Palnai Nabason Reddish. 2 9 6 Do. Do. 3rd Oct. l;9th Nor. Bankari ,, ... 3 4 7 Do. Do. 8th Oct. 26th Nov. Yatukulma ... „ ••. 2 8 6 Do. Do. 12th Sept. 2l8t Oct. MarichHhal White... 2 2 7 Do. Do. 3rd Oct. 19th Nov. PatnaiBhoginal » «•. 2 4 7 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. Sylhet Reddish. 2 2 5 Do. Do. Do. 21st Nov, Kumrah Gorh White... 2 10 7 Do. Do. 3rd Oct. Do. KamalBhog M ... 2 5 6 Do. Do. 13th Oct. Do. HariMayee M ... 1 11 5 Do. Do. Do. Do. Golap Saru ... }> ••• 2 4 6 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. Kusumsal ... )» ••« 2 6 7 Do. Do. 14th Oct. Do. BadsbaBhoy „ ..1 2 11 9 Do. Do. 13th Oct. Do. Ealam Kathee 1) •• 2 6 7 Do. Do. 17th Oct. 27th Nor, • 60 No. Kame of Variety. Colour of stem. Final height. Length, of ear. Dato of Bowing. Date of transplant- ing. Date of flowering. 1 ! Date of 1 harvest- ing. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \ 9 i Ft. In. Inches. 101 Marich Fal White... 2 10 7 30th May 19th July H\i Oct. 16Lh Nov 102 Dhulay Meti >i ••• 2 6 8 Do. Do. 11th Oct. Do 103 Chaudan Sal >» ••• 2 7 7 Do. Do. Do. Do. 104 Sagha Bitchi Patui ... Reddish. 2 9 9 Do. Do. Do. Do. 105 Bagiui » ••• 3 4 9 Do. Do. Do. Do. 106 Bamashal .*• White- 3 5 10 • Do. Do. 8tli Oct. Do. 107 Nilkanth Blue ... 2 10 8 Do. Do. 12th Oct, Do. 108 Dadshal White . 2 10 7 Do. Do. 9th Oct. 26th Nov 109 Dhaleatalum >i ••• 3 5 10 Do. Do. 10th Oct. 2l8t Nov 110 BanakchuT i) *•• 3 2 8 Do. Do. 12th Oct. Do. 111 K.almisal ii •.. 2 10 9 Do. Do. 8th Oct. 112 B ona •> ••• 2 9 7 Do. Do. 9th Oct. Dojl 113 MadhuMalti j> .. 2 7 8 Do. Do. Btb Oct. D^l 114 Mogi Balam « ... 2 11 9 Do. Do. 6th Oct. D^H 1]5 Nagra >) ... 2 10 8 Do. Do. 10th Oct. D«| ]16 Marich Sal ») ... 2 10 9 Do, Do. nth Oct. Do^ 117 Hingcheyloga >» 3 0 9 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. 118 BansGo^al >» ••• 2 6 7 Do. Do. Do. Do. 119 Melesorh Reddish. 2 5 6 Do. Do. 26th. Aug. 4th Oct. 120 BankChur White 2 8 5 Do. Do. 9th Oct. 21st Noy 121 Panik Sal « ... 2 7 6 Do. Do. nth Oct. Do, 122 Gonth >i ••* 3 0 7 Do. Do. 9th Oct. Do. 123 Dadhiynoun .. >> ... 3 0 6 Do. Do. 23rd Sept. Do. 124 Salayhat w 2 11 6 Do. Do. 11th Oct. Do. 125 Sita Sal Reddish. 2 6 9 Do. Do. 5th Oct. Do, 126 Candheswari White... 2 7 7 Do. Do. Do. Do. 127 MantBhog » ••• 3 4 9 Do. Do. 8th Oct, Do. 128 UtturiaSal » ••• 3 3 8 Do. Do. 11th Oct. Do. 129 Kanak Chur }> ... 2 10 10 Do. Do. 8rd Oct. 26th No\' 180 Lona i> •»■ 2 10 7 Do. Do. 8th Oct. 22nd No 131 Rupshal ^ '*,. V 2 10 7 Do. Do. 5th Oct. Do. 132 Mahipat Reddish. 2 7 7 Do. Do. 9th Oct. Do, 133 Uthuriakhna y. 3 2 8 Do. Do. 8th Oct. Do. 134 Chiby White... 2 3 6 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. 135 Kanakchur »t •«. a 6 6 Do. Do. 12th Oct. Do. 136 Bolam .f ... 3 8 9 Do. Do. 2ud Oct. Do.J 137 Rupshal i> ••• 3 5 8 Do. Do. 12th Oct. 138 Bankchur ,. ... 2 11 9 Do. Do. 8th Oct. D^l 139 Karmonl >i ... 2 7 8 Do. Do. 6th Oct. Do^l 140 Rupsal „ ... 3 4 8 Do. Do. 8th Oct. Do. 1 141 Gayabahi 1} ... 3 0 8 Do. Do. 11th Oct. 26th No^. 142 Katwhoby »i ••• 2 11 9 Do. Do. 8th Oct. 22ud No^ 143 Avat }» •'« 2 4 2 8 6 Do. Do. 5th Sept. 2nd Nov. 144 Shankchpr )f ••• 9 Do. Do. ISth Oct. Tth Oct. ^ st ec. 145 Bhankni „ ... 3 6 7 Do. Do. 22nd Not. 146 Kelny bankchur „ ... 2 10 2 6 2 5 3 2 7 Do. Do. 25th Sept. 2nd Not. L47 Bankcmoti i» ••• 9 Do. Do. 16th Oct. 22nd Noi 148 Khijoor Chari it ••• 6 Do. Do. 14th Oct. 1st Dec. L49 Dudkalma „ ... 7 Do. Do. 18th Oct. 26th Not. 160 Thara Reddish. 8 6 8 Do. Do. 10th Oct. i^2nd No\ 151 Goyabali White... 2 10 2 » 7 Do. Do. 18th Oct. 26th Nov 162 Sftbau ••• ^•• „ ... 8 • Do. Do. Do, Do. 6i 1 i Name of Variety. | [Jolour of stem. Final height. 1 Length, of car. Date of sowing. Date of iransplint- ing. Date of flowering. Date of harvest- ing. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ft. In ! Inches. 1 153 Bank Tulsi White... 2 10 , 7 30fch May. 19th July. nth Oct. 26th Nov. 154 Khijshkhani or Shit- ghhoga. » ••• 2 3 5 1 Do. Do. 10th Oct. 22nd Nov. 155 Katnianu )> ••• 3 2 1 8 Do. Do. 8th Oct. Do. 150 Kanakchur .. »» •••! 2 11 \ 9 Do. Do. 11th Oct. 27th Nov. 157 Patnai flong) jj ••» 2 6 7 Do. Do. 10th Oct. 22nd Nov. 158 Changoasal » ••• 2 10 7 Do. Do. Do. 23rd Nov. 150 I'anlay Reddish. 3 3 8 Do. Do. 11th Oct. 26ih Nov. IGO Sarobati White... 2 4 1 6 Do. Do. Do. 23rd Nov. 161 Govind Bhoi >> • • 2 4 ■ 7 Do. Do. 15th Oct. Do. 16-2 Balam j> • *• 2 4 6 Do. Do. Do. Do. 163 Kamini Saru >5 ••• 2 1 5 Do. Do. Do. Do. 164 Badshalbhog » ••♦ 2 4 1 5 Do. Do. 14th Oct. Do. 165 Yaniai Lara }y .. • 2 10 i 7 Do. Do. 5th Oct„ Do. 166 Hati-Sal jj ... 2 7 i 6 Do. Do. 32th Oct. Do. 167 Dadkhani 2 11 i 8 Do. Do. Do. 26th Nov. 168 Kali Mane i1 ••• 2 2 5 Do. Do. 8th Oct. Do. 169 Piprebank Reddish. 2 5 1 6 Do. Do. 27th Aug. 4 th Oct. 170 Oi-a White... 3 0 1 8 Do. Do. 13th Oct. 26th Nov. 171 Kanakchur >> . .. 2 6 1 6 Do. Do. 5th Oct. Do. 172 Ash Kill •t ..• 2 11 7 Do. Do. 9th Oct. Do. 173 Jhiggu Sal Reddish. 2 8 6 Do. Do. 12th Oct. Do. 174 Muoguray i* ... 2 3 7 Do. Do. Do. Do. 175 Khair Mori W^hite... 2 9 8 Do. Do. 12th Oct. Do. 176 Lai Kalama Reddish. 2 10 7 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. 177 Karbi llaugi White... 2 7 ' 5 Do. Do. 8th Oct. Do. 178 Padshabhog ... a ■*• 2 3 ^ G Do. Do. 12th Oct. Do. 179 Sunder Mukhi %y . a. 2 10 i 7 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. ISO Laxiui Kajal 2 11 8 Do. Do. 35th Oct. Do. 381 Mow ty . .. 2 10 8 Do. Do. 12th Oct. 18th Nov. 182 Anion 2 3 ' 6 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. 183 Mardu Kaj » ••• 2 8 i ^ Do. Do. 9th Oct. Do. 184 Dhali " 2 10 ! 6 Do. Do. 4th Oct. Do. 185 Bonbota ' 2 10 i. 7 Do. Do. 19th Sept. 30th Oct. 186 "Khirshey bhog 2 8 i 9 Do. Do. 4th Oct. 18th Nov. 187 PaddiShal 3 4 i 9 Do. Do. 14th Oct. Do. 188 Horkul Reddish 2 7 1 (3 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. 189 Gandhia Virajs „ •«. 2 5 ! 10 Do. Do. 6th Oct. Do. 190 Songra *5 " 3 0 i 9 Do. Do. 12th Occ 26 th Nov. 191 Begum Bichy j» • • 3 0 i 9 Do. • Do. 4th Oct. 18th Nov. 192 Bhathi Sal ... 2 10 ! 8 Do. Do. 15th Oct. Do. 193 Madan Mohan White!! 3 0 8 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. 194 Magau Shal Reddish . 3 5 U Do. Do. Do. Do. 196 GandhaMalti White.. 3 1 : 10 Do. Do. 14th Oct. Do. 196 Megi Rani 5 • • 3 1 ! 7 Do. Do. 12th Oct. 26th Nov. 197 Pairanri Reddish 3 1 i 9 Do. Do. 10th Oct. 18th Nov. 198 Randhani Pagal 7| •• 3 0 ! 9 Do. Do. 12th Oct. Do. 199 Khepu 1» ••• 2 10 1 8 Do. Do. loth Oct. Do. 200 Laximi Bilas White... 3 4 ; 8 Do. Do. 3rd Oct. Do. 201 Hingchug Loghu Red ... 3 5 7 Do. Do. 9th Oct. Do. , 202 Banafuti >> * •* 3 3 ' 8 Do. Do. Do. Do. 203 Lalkalraa Reddish 3 6 1 9 Do. Do. 3rd Oct Do, I 62 No. Name of Variety. i Colour oi stem. Final height. Length of ear. Date of sowing. Date of transplant iug. Date of flowering. Date of harvest- ing. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ft. In. Inches. 204 Karlick Rangi White.. 3 0 9 30th May. 19ih July. 8th Oct. 26th Nov. 205 Moulata ... » .. 3 5 7 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. 206 Parabat Rangi 1) ••• 2 10 6 Do. Do. 8th Oct. Do. 207 Yamai Lam »> • •* 2 9 8 Do. Do. 23rd J^opt. Do. 208 JHatmya Kuli ,j ... 3 4 9 Do. Do. 6ih Oct. Do. 209 KenlaSlial Reddish. 2 6 5 Do. Do. Do. 27th Nov. 210 Govind bhog (xreenish 3 4 9 Do. Do. 4th Oct. Do. 211 Shamoti «.• White... 2 10 6 Do. Do. 2nd Oct. Do. 212 Murara Sbati »> ••• 1 2 8 6 Do. Do. 13th Oct. Do. m 213 Kalindi Reddish. 3 2 G Do. Do. 3rd Oct. Do. 1 214 Parabat Gira W^hio... 2 10 8 Do. Do. 8th Oct. Do. 1 215 KaleGira it ... 3 9 10 Do. Do. 4th Oct. Do. m 216 Horia Kbura fi ••» 2 7 7 Do. Do. 7th Oct. Do. 1 2J7 Bans Mugoor „ ... 2 8 1 5 Do. Do. 11th Oct. 1st Dec. 218 Kala Moti Reddish. 2 11 8 Do. Do. 12th Oct. 27th Nor. 219 Kocho White... 2 6 7 Do. Do. 11th Oct. Ist Dec. 220 Paramsal )> ... 2 4 8 Do. Do. Do. 27th Nov. 221 Alegi »» •«• 2 10 8 Do. Do. 14th Oct. 1st Dec. 222 Durga Megi » ••• 2 6 6 Do. Do. Do. Do. 223 MalaBati » ••• 2 3 6 Do. Do. Do. Do. 224 Keley Bokrab )i ... 2 5 5 Do. Do. 12th Oct. Do. 225 Pipniesbal ..• )t ••• 2 0 5 Do. Do. 5th Sept. 2nd N'ov. . 226 Baldar Reddish. 2 8 5 Do. Do. 9th Oct. 27th Nov. 227 Longra White... 2 10 8 Do. Do. 12th Oct. Do. 228 Tat Mugoor }} ... 2 10 8 Do. Do. 13th Oct. 1st Dec. 229 .vlahipal }« • •• 3 4 10 Do. Do. 7th Oct. 17th Nov. 230 Sowera Reddish. 3 2 10 Do. Do. 22nd fc'ept. Do. 231 Gagameli ..* White... 2 11 9 Do. Do. 10th Oct. Do. 232 Black Arabemohor Girga. Ambarsall Greenish 2 10 7 Do. Do. 3rd Oct. Do. 233 White... 3 2 8 Do. Do. 13th Oct. Do. 234 Lhaba Mugud a ••• 3 1 8 Do. Do. 22ud Sept. 3rd Oct. 235 Kotbimbir Sail >i ••• 2 10 9 Do. Do, 10; h Sept. 17th Nov. 236 1 Lhaba Mugud )» •• 3 2 9 Do. Do. 25th bept. 30th Oct. 237 Autu Sali Reddish. 4 5 10 Do. Do. 4th b'ept. 17th Nov. 238 White Ambemohor ... White... 3 9 10 Do. Do. 13th Sept. Do. 239 j Mal-dodga „ ... o 10 8 Do, B?. 9th bept. 13th Oct. The rest of the Bengal varieties did not germinate. 03 The following statement gives similar notes for the 54 varieties this Presidency : — w Name of y8^riety. Colour of stem. Final height. Length of ear. Date of sowing. Date of transplant- ing. Date of flowering. Date of harvest- ing* 1 2 I 3 4 5 6 ' 8 9 Ft. In Inches. 1 7 Ambemohor Halva... White... 2 9 6 30th May 21st July. 29th Sept 5th Nov. 2 9 Halva Ambemohor... jj ... 3 0 7 D. ' Do. 19th Sept Do. 3 20 Ambemohor Garva. » 2 7 8 Do. Do. 10th Oct. 16th Nov. 4 45 Ambemohor Lam- boda. » 2 10 9 Do. Do. 25th Sept Do. 5 49 Amoemohor Botka.. }> ••• 3 2 9 Do. Do. 23rd Sept. Do. C 50 Konkani Garva ... >i ..• 2 10 9 Do. Do. 6th Oct. Do. 7 51 Konkani Halva ... ff • .. 2 5 7 Do, Dc. 18th feept. 5th Nov. 8 54 Kamod JJ ... 3 4 7 Do. Do. 26th Sept. 16th Nov. 9 48 Konod 2 5 9 Do. Do. 1st Oct. 5th Nov. 10 12 Ghudya Suni Garva JJ ••• 3 5 10 Do. Do. 26th b'ept Do. 11 18 Tulsia Suni Garva... 2 10 8 Do. Do. 19th Sept. 23rd Oct. 12 25 Raj^wal Garva ... 3 2 8 Do. Do. 30th Sept. 5th Nov. 13 28 Bodka Garva J J ••• 2 10 9 Do. Do. 4th Oct, Do. 14 6HalvaMahidi 2 3 5 Do. Do. 2l8t Sept. 24th Oct. 15 19 Garvi Patni Eed '.'.'. 2 8 8 Dj. Do. nth Oct. 10th Nov. 16 17 Garva Dodka ... 3 4 10 Do. Do. 4th Oct. Do. 17 18 Mdlbha:t Halva ... JJ ■ • • 2 4 5 Do. 23rd July, 18th Sept. 16th Nov. 18 26 Nirpunji Garva ... White... 2 5 5 Do. Do.' 4th Oct. 14th Nov. 19 18 Kachora Garva ... JJ . ■ • • 2 2 6 Do. Do. 25th Sept. Do. £0 44 Kdli S^l }j • • • 2 8 7 Do. Do. 4th Oct. Do. 21 52 Chiman S;41 }> •• ' 2 5 5 Do. Do. 3rd Oct. Do. 22 42 Scil White JJ ' *• 2 6 6 Do. Do. 29th Sept. 24th Oct. 23 40 Dangi or Dinger ... Reddish. 2 7 8 Do. Do. 19th Sept. 7th Nov. 24 23 Ghosilwel Garva ... White... 2 10 7 Do. Do. 25th Sept. Do. 25 4 GhosAwel )» " *• 2 4 6 Do. Do. 6th Sept. 15th Oct. 26 1 Tarn IrYil Halva ... ff ••» 2 7 G Do. Do. 17th b^ept. 24th Oct. 27 22 Tavsal Garvi 3 1 5 Do. Do. 2nd Oct. 7th Nov. 28 53 T^mb Kudai JJ ••• 3 0 7 Do. Do. 17th Sept. 24th Oct. 29 41Welchi Reddish. 2 8 G Do. Do. 7thfc-'ept. 15th Oct. SO 46 White Kolamba ... White... 2 U 7 Do. Do. 2nd Oct. 8th Nov. 31 ^3Kamod Jiri Patni... Reddish. 2 2 5 D». Do. 10th Oct. 14th Nov. 32 30 Bih-ka Kolamba ... White... 2 6 8 Do. Do. 5th Oct. Do. 83 29 Zina Kolamba JJ ... 1 11 6 Do. Do. 6th Oct. Do. 34 27 Mahadya Varangal JJ ••• 2 5 G Do. Do. 10th Oct. 8th Nov. 35 21 Sonwel Garva JJ > •« 2 2 5 Do. Do. Do. 14th Nov. 36 16 Barki Mahadi ... JJ ... 2 4 5 Do. Do. 5th Oct. Do. 37 31 Dodka Red ... 2 5 6 Do. Do. 10th Oct. 13th Nov. 38 33 Kudurthi (Thana). . J J ••• 2 4 6 Do. Do. 17th Sept. 17th Oct. 39 47 Thin Paki Kadai ... White... 2 4 6 Do. Do. 4th Oct. 14th Oct. 40 3 Halvar Halva JJ ... 2 4 6 Do. Do. 21st Sept. 16th Nov. 41 5 Bhadas Halva ... jj ... 2 8 6 Do. Do. 18th Sept. 16th Oct. 42 10 Hal vi Patni JJ • •• 2 6 6 Do. Do. S3rd Sept. 16th Nov. 43 11 Dodka Suni Garva... Red ... 2 7 G Do. Do. 16th Sept. 14th Nov. 44 32 Dodka (Khadak- wdsla). >j ••• 2 8 6 Do. Do. 17th Sept. 17th Oct. 45 34 Patni (Thana) ... White... 2 10 8 Do. Do. 21st Sept. 24th Oct. 46 36 Torna (Thana) ... )t •«• 2 7 6 Do. Do. 8th Sept. 16th Oct. 47 39Bhura J) ... 2 8 G Do. Do. 17th Sept. 24th Oct. 64 No. Name of Variety. Colour Final of stem. ; height. I Length of ear. Date of sowing, C Date of transplan. ting. Date of flowering. Date of harvest- ing. 1 2 3 4 i 5 7 8 9 48 49 eo 51 52 53 54 UHemdi 15 Khdri Patni 24 JAda Kolamba 2 Mahddi 35 Mahidi 37 Rata SSMundaRtita Reddi.sh. Red ... White... Red ... Reddish. White.;; Ft. In. 3 2 3 1 2 11 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 3 Inches. 7 7 8 5 6 6 7 30th May. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1 23rd July. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 23rd Sept. 5th Oct. 4th Oct. 19th Sept. 22nd Sept. 10th Sept^ 15th Sept. 7th Nov. Do. Do. 17th Oct. ^th Oct. 17th Oct. 16th Nov. 12. Pourfceen selected varieties of the Bombay rice were grown oi a little larger area (2 guntlias for each variety). The outturn resu' from field plots as well as from seed-beds are tabulated below : — i 1 Cost per acre. [ Outturn per acre. | S .31 :2 elow gives details : — Average weight of seedlings (in grammes) Treatment. in each of the triplicate plots. 1 A. B. c. Mean of all. Weight per plant. Safflower cake Ain rab Mixed branches nib Ashes of mixed branches rab Cowdung ploughed in ... Cowdung rdb Earth pulverised Earth heated 0-4097 0-0879 0-2181 0-0797 0 0928 0-2561 0 0909 0-3562 0-4967 0-1708 0-1094 0-0772 0-3172 00625 0-2968 ... ' 0-4532 ... 1 0-0879 01430 0-1778 0-0954 0-2948 0-0850 0-2866 01000 1 0-0845 0-2276 0-2935 In the case of the '^ earth heated " plot the soil was excavated to a depth of 3 inches, spread on iron sheets and heated from below to a temperature of between 200^ and 230° F. The soil was on the sheets for a period of about an hour before this temperature was reached. After cooling down it was replaced in the seed-beds. Probably neither the *' earth heated '* plot nor the rdbed plots did as well as they would ordinarily have done owing to the fact that the soil was moist, an unseasonable shower having fallen a few days before the date of burning. This undoubtedly prevented the earth in all cases being heated to so high a temperature as ordinarily. B 1005—9 66 Experiments off the Station. 14. Experiments were continued as last year on cultivators* fields in Karjat, Kaly^n and Salsette Talukas. Name of the village and district. Number of plots. Area treated. Kola'ba District. ' GiiQthas. Bhansoli Chincholi •'•| Taluka Karjat Tha'na District. ...{ 12 19 12 28 Maharal Kambe Kalve '•• I Taluka Kaly^n .!! Taluka Salsette ••■{ 18 9 21 18 18 The selection of site was made in the month of May and th( plots were measured by the Circle Inspectors. 15. The following varieties of rice were grown in the manured fields Name of place. Name of variety. Bhansoli Chincholi Maharal Kambe Kalve Kolamba and Ilalvi Patni. Podka and Kolamba. The manures were applied to the fields in the month of August — in Karjat on the 3rd ; in Kalyiln on the 8th and in Sdlsette on the 10th and 11th August. The seedlings were well established at the time of the application of the manure. Throughout the growth of the crop there was enough of rain, but was rather insufficient at the time of the formation of seed. The statement bolow shows the details. 67 anieof illage. isoli ... sliol .. Survej' No. Plot No. Pot No. 1. lOJ 11) Name of rice variety tried. Kind of manure. Halvi-Patui Do. Do. Do {i t: ,:!! - ■■■{; isj ^" "I loi 20 j 21 i lamb a- Garva 1 Do. Do. Do, Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do, : ) ' Karjat Series. Nitre Do. Chili Saltpetre Do. Suljjliate of Potash . Do. Superphosphate Do. I Safflower cake ' Do. I No manure I Do. I Chili Saltpetre ! Do. Sulphate of Potash j Do. { Supei-phosphate Do. Safflower cake Do. No manure ,., Do. Nitre Chili Saltpetre Sulphate of Potash ... Snperphoephate ,. Ammonium Sulphate .. Safflower cake Sulphate of Potash ... Superphosphate Safflower cake No manure (in dupli- cate). Quantity of manure applied per acre, Value of manure. Outturn per acre. ^Grain. Straw. 7 8 0 Value of outturn. 10 Lis. 500 500 192 192 C2 62 Gj 65 728 192 193 62 62 65 65 728 728 500 102 62 62 lU 7J C5 728 Rs. a. p. LbB. 1 50 0 0 2,C40 i oO 0 0 1,960 1 21 13 5 1,520 1 21 15 6 2,200 i 5 8 0 2,040 5 8 0 1,620 5 8 4 1.760 5 8 4 1,760 1 24 4 3 1.840 24 4 3 2,080 i ■■■ 2,C40 ^600 ' 21 15 5 2,120 •:i 15 5 2,24a ! 5 8 0 2,C.00 5 8 0 K O A 2,240 I 5 8 4 ! 24 4 3 24 4 3 50 0 0 j 21 15 5 15 8 0 j 5 S 4 13 0 0 24 4 3 63 j 5 8 0 I 5 8 4 24 4 3 1,920 2,320 2,2S0 2,160 1,880 2,000 l,f80 J, 860 1,860 1,860 2,200 2,S00 1.840 J. 780 Lb8< Bs. a. p« 3,040 i 3,200 2,400 3,360 3,250 3,320 2.560 3,040 2, .500 3.210 ' 3,160 2,620 51 14 2 50 1 4 38 12 4 f.6 0 « 52 1 4 49 3 5 44 11 4 45 1 0 46 9 7 53 0 4 52 0 2 40 12 11 3,120 ?,8C0 3,240 3,680 3,000 3,e60 8,720 3,600 3,040 3.280 2,600 2,520 2.660 2.520 2,680 2,700 2,760 2,640 2,580 66 11 4 70 14 6 63 2 10 70 12 10 60 14 2 72 15 3 72 0 10 68 5 2 69 6 S' 63 3 i 69 0 4 58 5 7 68 7 5 58 5 7 68 12 3 ••« 68 3 7 71 14 II fi7 13 5 5 15 7 68 Name of i 5uney No. Plot No. Name of rico raricty tried. Quantity | Kiudofxnanuvc. of^---| per acre. ( Value of manure. " )utturn per acre. Value of outturn. Tillage. Grain. Straw. 1 ' \ 3 4 6 " i 7 8 9 10 LI)S. Re, a. p. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Kalya'n Series. r 31 Dodka-Gar\a ... Nitre 5(0 50 0 0 2,080 3,000 53 5 3 35 Do. Chili Saltpetre 192 21 15 5 1,920 2,600 50 12 ( 36 Do. Sulphate of Potash ... 62 6 8 0 1.760 2.320 46 7 ] 37 Do. Supci-ijhosi)liate 65 5 8 4 2,0C0 2,400 63 0 : 38 Do. Ammomum Sulphate ... 141 13 0 0 3,040 4.080 feO 5 Maharal ... 42- 39 Do. Safflower cake 728 24 4 3 ... j Do. Sulphate of Potaeh ... 02 5 S 0 3,000 5,100 95 11 ... Do. Supei phosphate 63 5 8 4 ... i 40 Do. Safllowcr cake 728 24 4 3 2,240 2,000 .a| 41 Do. Poudrcttc 5,0C0 20 0 0 2,000 3,8C0 "1 . 12 Do. No inauuro - ... 2,080 2,480 .1 43 Kolamba-Garva. Nitre 500 50 0 0 1,760 2,920 4,? 44 Do Chili faltpetre 193 21 15 5 1,702 3,000 46 9 43 Do. Sulphate of Potash ... 02 5 8 0 2,000 2,920 53 4 46 Do. Supcrphophate 65 5 8 4 1,9:^0 3,010 51 8 47 Do. Aumionium Sulphate ... 144 13 0 0 l,fOO 3,020 61 13 n- 48 SafHowcr cake 72S 21 4 3 1 ••» Sulphate of Potash" ... 02 5 8 0 >-i,e20 1 3,280 51 1|| ... Supcrphosph.itc 05 5 8 4 J J 49 Do. Safflower cake 728 24 4 3 1,840 3,080 48 1^ 50 Do. Poudretle 5,C0O 20 0 0 J,400 2,320 37 11 61 1 Do. No manure ... 1,800 2,840 48 4 ' 52 Do. ... Nitre 500 50 0 0 2.040 3.020 66 11 53 Do. Chili Saltpetre 192 21 15 5 2,080 2.460 67 0 61 Do.- ,.. Sulphate of Potash ... 62 5 8 0 1.740 2,120 56 4 65 Do. Superphosphate 66 5 8 4 3,280 4.080 205 2; 66 Di Ammonium Sulphate'... 144 13 0 0 2,880 4.000 93 9 Kambe ... Alien- ated. 57 r [ Safflowcr cake Sulphate of Potash ... 728 62 24 4 3 5 8 0 >-3.000 3,780 97 0 ... Superphosphate 65 6 8 4 58 Do. ... Safldowcr cake 728 24 4 3 3,660 6.080 38 8 59 to. Poudrette 5, 20 0 0 2,680 3.420 86 9 • . CO Do. No manure .« ... ... 3,800 3.200 89 15: 69 Name of village. Survey No. Plot No. Name of rice variety tried. Kind of uiamire. Quantity of manure applied per acre. Value of manure. Outturn per acre. Grain. Straw. Value of outturn. 10 Kalve Halve Kalvc Pot No. 2 172 -( Pot No. 1 103 Pot No. 8 61 I Kolamba-Garva, 63 I Do. 67 Eo. Do. l"o. Do. Do. Do. Do. 70 , Dodka 71 ! Do. 72 ! Do. To. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 79 J Kolamba I Do. 81 83 84 Do. Do. Do. Do. ...-< Sa'lsette Series. Nitre Chili Saltpetre Sulphate of Potash Aniuioiiium Sulphiitc ... Superphosphate Safflower cake trulphate of Potash Superphosphate Safflower cako Poudrettc No manure Nitre Chili Saltpetre Sulphate of Potash Superphosphate Ammonium Sulphate Safflower cake Sulphate of Potash , . . Superphosphate Safflower cake Poudrettc No manure Superphosphate Ammonium Sulphate ... Safflower cake Sulphate of Potash ... Superphospliatc Safllower cake Poudrettc No manure Lbp. Bs.a. P. Lbs. 501' 50 0 0 1,760 192 21 15 5 1,760 62 5 8 0 1,8C0 144 13 0 0 3,C40 65 5 8 4 2,C0J 728 24 4 3 j. 2,103 63 5 8 0 63 5 8 4 728 21 4 3 2,0*00 . 5,000 20 0 0 3,360 . ... 1,840 500 50 0 0 1,080 192 21 15 5 1,680 62 5 8 0 1,760 65 5 8 4 2,080 144 13 0 0 2,060 728 24 4 3 1 J'2,C80 62 5 8 0 63 5 8 4 728 24 4 3 1.P60 5,000 20 0 0 3,209 ... .•• 1,920 05 5 8 4 1,560 144 13 0 0 1,800 728 24 4 3 ^ 63 5 8 0 ). 1.760 65 5 8 4 J 728 24 4 3 1,760 6,000 20 0 0 1,920 1,600 Lbs. 2,4«0 2,680 2,800 J, 980 3,760 3,440 3,000 4,920 2,880 2,i00 2,600 2,760 2,840 4,840 3,410 8,0CO 4,680 2,840 3,040 3,040 3,080 2,960 2,720 Rs. a. p. 57 5 8 67 11 0 69 2 7 ICO 3 2 65 1 3 71 0 10 65 7 8 110 12 11 CO 7 0 54 12 10 55 3 2 57 13 2 67 10 4 97 9 3 68 10 4 64 4 4 104 9 6 62 13 9 58 3 1 66 12 1 66 6 1 65 7 3 70 11 9 59 6 11 B 1095—10 70 16. Karjai Series. — The yield of the duplicate plots is nearly equal to one another, while the outtuini takeu iu general averages from 1,700 to 2,300 lbs. of rice per acre. 17. Kalydn Series. — The complete manure plot gives the highest outturn. The results of outturn are in favour of the poudrette and ammonium sulphate plots. In survey No, 74i the poudrette manure plot shows very low yield. In the alienated village the safflower cake and superphosphate plots show the best results. The yield in other plots is fair, 18. Sdlsette Series, — The per acre results of rice in Survey Nos. 82 and 172 are in favour of poudrette and ammonium sulphate plots, while those of nitre, Chili saltpetre and sulphate of potash are comparable. The outturn from the safflower cake plot is moderate. The complete manure plot does not show any appreciable increase in yield. The increased yield in the unmanured plot may be due to the washing of manures from the adjoining plots. When the value of manures is taken into consideration the super- phosphate plot shows better results. The outturn in field No. 103 is proportionately low as compared with the above fields. 19. It is impossible to draw conclusions of any kind from these experiments, the variations between duplicate plots being often greater than between either of the plots and tho '' no-manure " plot. The plots are too small {-^s^cvq usually) and the difference in the water-supply probably produce a greater effect than differences in the manure applied. The figures are given for what they are worth. Foona, \ F. FLETCHEB, September 1907. ) Acting Professor of Agriculture. eOMSAY f rRTNTKD Af THB QOVERNVKST OFNTRAL PE£SS. iitpaitmcnt of Slgilrnlttirit, / aSomftaB^ ANNUAL IlEPOllT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK OF THE SURAT AGRICULTURAL STATION (Surat District, Gujarat) FOR THE YEAK 1906-1907 BY F. FLETCHEK, M.A, I3.Sc, etc. Depulij Dir^'clor >/' Ar/r {culture. BOMBAY PraNTKI) AT THE (iOVI^RNMENT CENTRAL PRESS 1007 \_rrice — da. or 7(1.\ OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. In England. E. A. Arnold, 41 & 48, Maddox Street, Bond Street, W., Loadon. Constable & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W. 0., London. Grindlay & Co., 54, Parliament Street, S. W., London. Henry S. King & Co., 65, Cornhill, E. C, London. P. S. King & Son, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W., London. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trnbner & Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, W., London. B. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W., London. T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C. W. Thacker & Co., 2, Creed Lane^ London, E. C. B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford. Deighton Bell & Co., Cambridge. On the Continent. Friedlander & Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin. Rudolf Haupt, Ilalle-a-S., Germany. Ot£o Harrassowitz, Leipzig. Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig. Ernest Leroux, 28, Rue Bonapai-te, Paris. Martinus Nijhoflf, The Hague. In India, Higginbotham & Co., Madras. V. Kalyanarama Iyer & Co., Madras. p. R. Rama lyar & Co , Madras. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta. W. Newman & Co., Calcutta. S. K. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta. R. Cambray & Co., Calcutta. Thacker & Co. (Ld.), Bombay. A. J. Combridge & Co., Bombay. Cnrator, Government Central Book Depot, Bombay. D. B. Taraporevala, Sons & Co., Bjmbay. Sunder Pandurang, Bookseller, etc., Bombay. Gopal Narayen & Co., Booksellers, eto-., Bombay. N. B. Mathur, N. K. H. Press, Allahabad. ilcpartmtnt of SlsvUultuit, J3omba|i. ANNUATi REPORT ON THK EXPERIMENTAL WORK OF THE SURAT AGRICULTURAL STATION (Surat l)istrict, Gujarat) FOR THE YEAR 1906-190; BY h\ FLETCHEE, M.A., B.Sc, etc., Ve^utj^ Director of AgricuUure. « B O ]M B A Y PHINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS 1907 List of Vernacular names of crops mentioned in the Report together with their Botanical and English equivalents. Botanical. English. Vernacular. Cereals. • Aiidropogoii sorghum var. vulgave ... Do. var. cermium ... Peunisctum typhoideuai Triticnm eativum Zca re ays Uvyza sativa Great millet 1 Do. Bulrush millet Wheat jNfaizo 1 i:ice Jowdr (Chapti, Perio, Sholapuri). Sundhia. Bdjri. Ghau. Makai. Ddngar. Pulses. Cajanus iudicus Phasiolus radiatus Vigna cat.i;i)ig C'yamopbis psoralioides ... Pigeon pea l>lack gram. Chinese bean ... Field vetch Saidl beans • Tuver, Tur. Udid, Adad. Chavli, Chela. Guvar. Oil-seeds. - Scsamum indie urn Araehis hypogea ... Scsamnm Grcnndnr.t Tal. Bhoising. Fibre Plants. Cossypium herbaceuni Crotolaria juncca *" i 1 Cot..on Bombay hemp Dcshi Kapas (Broach, Gho- ghari, etcj. San. Sugars. Saehharum otficinavum ... t:;ui^ arcane Shcrdi. Grasses. Medicago sativa Panicum jumentorum • *s Lucerne Guinea grass La.sun Ghas. Miscellaneous. Zingiber oflicinalo ... Ginger 1 Adc. £ 990— a THE SURAT AGRinuLTURAL STATION, 1906 07. Esiahlished—lSdO ; North Latitude— 2^ \2' -, East Longitude — 72° 52'; Elemlion—A.^^voxim'^iiQ\y sea level; ^o«Z —Black cotton; Average rainfall — 38' 42'' ; Temperature — Maximum 106^ ia May, minimum 51° in February. Area.—Si acres arable and 150 acres pasture. Superintendent. — Mr. Bbimbliai Morarji Desai. Season. ? >% "S = ^ .a a 1* 1 1 5 1 S i i i ■< ^- hs •-s -^ CO d sz; « -," fc^ S ^ Rainfall- 1 II ' II ' // 1 II ' « / -^ % *^ CO CO CO e^^ « m -^S >H CO CO on ^8 ^ 3 CO f-T o^ ♦5« s «l e? «4 «* <3':j a s >-?oo ^28 ^^^ ^S c3 ■* ^^ >H >N >s >*1 >H >s •"s ^ >S -M .2 00 O r-l »H o g O -^ lO T? « )-3 r-l rH tH CD Ci CO »-5 »fS CO «o CO 00 00 ^ w ^ e CO »o CO 4 Each of the 36 plots was } acre in area. Of the G cotton plots, the first three which were better established than the other three, gave superior returns. The superphosphate + sodium nitrate gave the best results. Unlike in the previous years of scant rainfall, the no-manure plots yielded less than any of the manured plots (except the sodium nitrate plot). The sodium nitrate plot has throughout not done so well as the other manured plots, but the results might have been changed to some extent with sujOBioient rain. A normal rainfall would doubtless have enhanced the increase due to the artificials. The results duo to these manures are more marked in the case of Jo war than cotton. With one more rain the yield would have been still better. The application of sodium nitrate in conjunction with superphosphate has increased the yield of grain by about 25 per cent, and practically doubled the yield of Kadbi, The Tuver crop w^as greatly damaged by hares and deer and] practically no grain was obtained and hence the results are omitted. Tlie experiments will be continued next year. The increments duo to each of the manures and the cosfcl thereof are given in the following statement. i p. 00 o a "* CO '^ J ca ej iH rH -* (M CO -«}< o u rH rH Pli 4 t O Tt* *> eo (M CO CO P, O i> o lO o CO 4-» CC3 O cS O O (M CO t-i r-i f-1 rH P^ ^ 2 CO ei o o CQ < CO CO CO CQ r-t m • Ph -• iH o t-( rH rH (4 i2 is . o cost of cultiva tion. a O -* C5 1 P-f 1 cl tH (N • -* rH rH C-l -w c(3 c3 >0 CO o CO o ,_, iH rH 1 Ph « »- r-t o I-l rH 1-t rH a. p. 13 9 CS r-4 CO o CS 1—1 Ci rH Ci rH a > O 3 ^J ^ ;^ §5 10 CO CO CO C4 ««Hi A o "* s O g § p| « t^ o o l-H ^ r->. rH l> t^ i> 1 1 i 1 ^. g ^ i w ^ LO «H rl rH ^ O i i i O a '>4 1^-4 i o 1 CO i « s o J2 •3 ':3 s -a s 1 s V 1 1 I 1 o _a 9t M ,* CC VJ "A }^ W2 Q PC4 El 600 M, 7^ *« 2 13 CO w 5< C a U 'J m ^ P4 H S3 «oE> 8 cK 6 4. The experiments to test the effect of gypsum with farm- yard manure and no manure on Jowar, cotton and Tal plus Tuver were also continued in the year under report. The results were as tabulated below :~ Yield per acre. Tal and Tuver mixed. Manure applied per acre. Jowiir. Cotton. Tal. Tuver. in feed. Grain. Kadbi. Grain. Stalks. Grain. stalks. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. LbP. Lbs. Lbs. Lbi?. * 2 oa 2, 7 a Cypsuni, 2.000 lbs. 3£1 1,039 1,597 199 457 4^' 31 2 56 2 7& No mancre 351 1,063 1.529 175 473 3 35 2 0 c 7c Farm yard manure, 5 tons ... 291 1,115 1.795 139 454 n- 33 * Average yield of plots 20 and '.8, In the case of Jowi^r, the farmyard manure plot has yielded a little Letter than either the gypsum or no manure plot. The plot gave similar results last year with cotton. In the case of cotton and Tal plus Tuver, the gypsum plots have yielded best, and the farmyard manure plots the worst just in the same way as these plots did with Jowar and Tuver last I year. The difference in yield might possibly be due to the reasons given last year at the end of paragraph 4. The following sketches show the plan of these experiments : — Experiments in 1905-06, 0 B r 0 Plot 26 B a c h C 0 t t A on. S 0 c " c " Hot 29 o B "u V 0 ^A 0 r. « " c a JowAr a Plot 27 2 B and Tuver o mixed. C Tal Plot 28 B and Tuver O A mixed. Experiments in 1906-07, Plot 25 c B A J 6 , 0 w Ji r. E 0 a a g c B r 0 ** Plot 2G B a c h C 0 t t A 0 n. 3 rt Plot 27 C a c Tal a B and Tuver o A mixed. >> Plot 28 O C B A B r 0 a 0 h C 0 t t 1 0 n. _ 5, A plot of Jowiir of 30 guntlias manurod with superphos- pliato ol: lime at the rate of 400 lbs. per acre yielded only 771 lbs. 14 ozs, of grain, which could not pay the extra cost of manure; the yield being only equal to the ordinary yield of a good cultivator. This plot grow cotton last year and was manured with the same manure. 6. Night'soil Experiments of previous years. — The plots, as re-arranged last year, Avere sown with selected seed of Perio Jowdr and Bazar Jowar in rotation with the cotton sown last year without further application of manure, The results are tabulated below : — Yield per aore. • Plot 32. Plot 33. Plot 31. Sub- livision Maaure applied. of X Y X Y X r Plot. Perio Perio Perio Perio Perio redo Jowdr Jowar Jowir Jowir Jaw^r Jowiir relccted bazSr selected bazar selected bazar soed. seed. seed. seed. seed. seed. Lb3. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lis, Night-3oiI applied in beds in 1904, b.t no m.inure since IaI G, 627 C. 310 1,232 256 1,237 3^8 1,525 339 1,153 292 1.25d 301 ) I K. 5,016 2,608 5.1^61 3,416 3.12 1 2.512 No manure in 1904, bub 20 loads of faitix yard man-re applied in 1905 1) na-ike it even vsritu other plots, no manure 8^»<--e ) ( G. 768 C. 269 K. 1,322 755> 176 1.200 852 235 1,305 R83 160 980 692 177 1,153 669 14i 1,115 Farmyard manure applied in 1901 but ) p ( G. 1,003 0. 803 ■ 934 208 85-1 209 a38 2.59 961 227 909 256 lio,ie Since ,,. , ... ( j K. 1,827 1,60 J 1.5J6 1.313 1,6 J7 1,818 Nlnht'soil applied in trenches nad* by ) ( G. 1,302 1,277 1,114 1,53) 1.231 1,502 T. W, plou:,'h in lOOi, but no manure > D < C. 339 307 307 320 307 374 since ' " ... |J \ i K. 4.377 2,905 3,885 2,803 2,969 3,410 G. = Grain j C. « Chaff ; K. = Kadbi. Note.— A, B, C. D reprcsJut sub-divisions of plots acoordin manure to eaeli 1 plot every 2 years . 5 Jowdr 301 1,084 1 C C Tuver 320 860 1 7 Cotton 363 1,072 8 Jowdr 296 962 D 9 Fallow 326 9C0 10 Cotton 334 960 n Jowdr 628 2,704 5 tons of farm yard E 12 Fallow Fal low. y manure to each 13 Cotton 490 1,356 plot every 3 years. f 14 Jow^r 533 , 2,648 V 15 Fallow Fal low. 16 Cotton 457 1 1,392 1 17 Jowdr 2.55 880 G 18 Fallow 22G 800 19 Cotton 278 860 20 Jowdr 251 836 'j 500 lbs. of castor H ! V cake to each plot ! 21 Cotton 247 736 j every 2 years. i 22 JowAr 272 j 960 \ 5 tons of poudrette J- to each plot every j 2 years. I ] i i 1 23 Cotton 252 1,028 J ' 24 25 i Jowar Cotton 252 437 ! 680 i 976 i No manure. I 11 Series II (Jo war). b'crial Icltcr of rotation. B H No. of plot. ^ { 1 Crop of llio rotation. Yield per acre. Grain, Kadbi and chaff. rrcvioub maunriar trcatuicut. I Jo war Cotton Jo war Tuver 4 Cotton 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 U 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 24 25 JoWcir Tuver Cotton Jov/ar Fallow- Cotton Jow^r Fallow Cotton Jowar Fallow Cotton Jowar Fallow Cotton Jowar Cotton Jowar Cotton Jowar Cotton and ••• ••t Lbs. 1,112 1,190 1,371 1,487 1,^44 1,432 1,496 1,332 1,316 1,532 1,764 Fal 1,754 1,826 Fal 1,799 1,394 1,250 1,059 1,304 1,324 1,710 1,745 962 1,171 Lbs. 2,239 2,208 3,259 \^ I 5 tons of farm yard y manure to each 3,383 J plot every 2 years. low 3,540 2,872 3,376 3,520 2,876 4,428 4,453 V, ■ 4,400 j 5 tons of farm yard manure to each plot every 3 years. I r J 4.245 low, 4,403 3,442 2,877 3,902 2,948 3,192 3,793 3,770 1,908 2,598 5 tons of farm yard > manure to each plot every 3 years. 500 lbs. of castor cake to each plot every 2 years. 5 tons of pondrettc to each plot every 2 years. No manure. 11. A new manurial experimental series with its duplicate was laid out in the newly acquired area of Bhafchar in order to avoid the end error as already pointed out in the report for 1904-05 and further confirmed last year by taking the yields of each row or a 12 set of rows of eacli plot separately. The plots were made broader and shorter than the old series. Even this precaution was found insufficient and the whole series b.as this year been recast, each plot being protected from external influence by a protective ring plot 6' wide surrounding it. As the area was altogether a new one acquired only just before the rains, no manures were applied and no other treatment was given to the plots, but as was expected the yields differ in several cases owing probably to the previous cropping and treatment of the owners. The results are given below as showing what a good cultivator would have got from this land in its present condition and as indicating also the large diflPerences in yield of various crops within a small area and the consequent difficulty that must always be met Avith in attempting to ascertain the average state of a crop in a district, in a taluka or even in a village. Serial No^ of rotation. I 11 III IV '•{ Yll| VIII { No. of plot. 1 2 3 4 .5 6 7 8 0 10 11 12 13 14 Crop. Cotton Jowjir Tuver Tal Cotton Jowflr Cotton Jowar Cotton Jowfir Cotton Tuvcr Cotton Tal 15 I Cotton j^f Jowar ( ' Tuvcr lsc - S g ° S ^ . a..gagas,„2 I _ S H 3 a: -^ ^-t; S; 5 s © . f-f ^ 3^R i «D - - « (M ■«3« "H - ^ t". Ol CO ll 5 ^ S !?, 3 5; S § C5 ^ « ?? 5 •-1 "^1 ll. •1 "-§& 'rng '-^ il il, ■e J^H ^a "r^ Treatment ifiven. Hi ill 1, III p. ill If .2 •- Jh 0 C G y i 2 If ■s ~ ' ^^. ^««c 5^« »S '^^ •5==- fl a ^« « es ^"^^ S5« a rf.-l e'-i (,.,, •»'.» -,- Uci •^ CJ ..- 1 • : : • ; : : : : '• : "^i- s "a II 1 i a i i 5 1 4 a" a i ^- -13 a o Q M fc • CO t« L-> 11 Japanese small Do. ... Po. Japanese large. Spanif-h pea- nut. "3 i 5" mi < » o < « o Serial No. »1 p»-» •-d ■*-> a> > c *s c3 CP c V cr •"^ , -*j a 1 yj 0 js c8 h X 6E Si U^ o o «4-l rr-l J IS a> -2 > c3 g 00 OJ be ^ Pi OQ -►=» >» ^ . Do. Do. 22,056 275 11 2 Seed uninoculated and sown on ridges. lie 1 0 71, Do. ... October 1901 ... Do. 24,389 304 13 9 Compare with 14c 2, Ik 2 0 7i Do. Do. 30 days ... 18,289 228 9 9 Compare witli 14c 1. Hd 0 9i D. 18th October 190o. 15 days ... 28,164 3-52 0 9 Duplicate of Ua. 113 0 71, Do. Do. Do. 23.148 280 5 7 Duplicate of 146. 11/ 0 9 Do. 16th October 1905. Do. 19,289 241 1 9 Seed inoculated and sown in beds. It will be seen from the above that though the seed inocu- lated last year failed to give the highest results that year, still it has given the highest results this year. It will also be seen that plots receiving irrigation every 15 days have yielded much better than the plot receiving irrigation water every 30 days, and that the lucerne sown on ridges does far better than that sown in beds. It is also less liable to disease than that sown in beds. Established lucerne appears to give much better results in the 2nd year than in the year of sowing. 34. The following statement shows the outturn of Guinea- grass and fodder Jowar (both irrigated). Guinea-grass has been grown from 1898-99 and fodder Jowar has been added for compa- rison onl^ since 1905-06. 28 Year. Yitid p cv acre. Value of Guinea-grass. Cuct uf production of Guinea- grass, Value of fodder J owdr. Co.,t oi production G uinea- Grass, Fodder Jow&T. of fodder Jowdr. Lbs. Lbs. Rs. a. p. Es. a. p. Es. a. p. Es. a. p. 1S9S90 28,580 ... 190 8 0 172 6 0 • •••.. 1899-1900 29,546 196 15 G 116 0 7 1900-01 42,594 •(• 212 15 6 1G9 11 2 ii« ... 3902-03 29,341 ... 146 11 3 175 1 4 1903-04 25,835 ... 1 172 3 9 175 13 0 1904-05 13,972 .*• i 93 2 4 1G6 15 9 ...... 1905-06 18,613 19,240 ' 124 1 4 193 9 9 128 -1 G 58 15 7 1906-07 13,454 8,13G 89 14 0 I 113 7 0 54 4 0 41 4 0 The Guinea-grass plot was specially planted in tbo Athvr. area near the buildings to remove the excess of water from the manure pit and so Jong as it was kept there and received liquid manure from the manure pit the yield was good. But when the planta- tion was removed elsewhere to compare its yield with a plot of fodder Jowar the Guinea-grass proved inferior to the latter. It will be seen from the statement that depriving Guinea- grass of liquid manure has reduced the yield to less than half. Of the total yield, nearly two-thirds is produced in the monsoon season when there is no necessity for this grass. The raising of a Jowar crop is apparently much more profitable to a cultivator than growing Guinea-grass, It is also not advisable for a cultivator to cultivate Guinea-grass which does not give him green fodder in fair weather when he requires it. The yield of Jowar in the year under report was less because it was grown on the same j^lot as that of 1905-06, No manuro was given either to Jowar or Guinea-grass. The experiment is considered to be conclusive and is dis- continued. Measurements of irrigation water applied to crops. r)5. These experiments as planned out last year with the objects stated in paragraph 18 of the last year's report were I 2^ continued during the current year. The results may be sum- marised as under : — (1) That crops like lucerne, groundnut, &c„ grown on the black soil of Surat either in beds or on ridges require irrigation water equal to between 4 to 5 inches of rainfall after a month or a month and a half from the time the rains stop, and that sub- sequent waterings are required at intervals of 15 days equal to 2 to 3 inches of rainfall. But sbould irrigation be given only once a month instead of every 15 days then an application equal to 3'^ to 4i' of rainfall should be given. As the season advances and the temperature goes up a heavier application will be found necessary so that in the hot weather an increase equal to V of rainfall over the ordinary cold weather amount should be given. In the case of drilled Deshi cotton two to three months after the rains cease, when the soil has not cracked so badly as it does later on in the hot season, irrigation water for the first watering equals 5^ to 6| inches of rainfall and the subsequent waterings at intervals of twenty days require water equal 3 to 3| inches of rainfall. Trials with new implements. 86. Two iron hand-gins and three iron * mots' (buckets for raising water) were tried on the Station during the year under report with the following results :— ^ The iron hand-gins were received from the Inspector-General of Agriculture in India. They are on the principle of McCarthy gins, but have no moveable knives and the roller is studded with small pins. Every effort was made to get them to work, but the cotton always stuck to the roller and was gradually chopped into fine particles. Of the two iron ' mots,' one was [received from Ndsik and another from Belgaum, The first worked like the Sundhia leather * kos ' with the only defect that it took a very long time to fill. This makes it; useless. The price is Rs. 9. The second from Belgaum weighs 50 lbs., i^e,, double the weight of an ordinary ^ kos.' It is circular in shape and though it works well if cautiously used, it has some drawbacks, viz.. 30 (1) that when the bullocks go a little further than the stopping point, the whole adjustment of the frame with the lower pulley is upset ; (2) that the price of this ' kos ' is Rs. 15, i.e., the sams as of the leather one. Unless it shows more durability than the leather ' kos' it is not profitable. Manurial Experiments made oif the Station on cultivators' fields. 37. Experiments on the effect of nitrate of soda, crude nitre and ammonium sulphate on rice were performed on culti- vators' fields in the villages of At and Amalsad, taluka Jalalpor, and on rice in the village of Shiker, taluka Bardoli. The results of rice experiments are tabulated below : ii Survey No. Area. Manure apiilied. Manure Vioul per plot. Yield p .r acre. 1 Name of mar ure. Quantity applied. per acre. Rice, Straw. Rice. Straw. Kcuiarkij. m H 59 i 0 31 1 Ammonium sul- phate. Lbs. 150 Lbs. 2(X) Lbs. 2,720 Lbs. 4,S45 Lbs. 3, -'00 Lbs. 5,70© 11 f«a 036 Nitre 150 200 3,000 6,220 3,333J 5,800 i tM 0 32 No manure ... Mi 2,230 4.323 2,7^71 5,400 c 450 0 9 xNitrc 6'J 200 460 502 2,044i 2.23U 419 0 6 No manure ... ... 200 202 1.333i 1,7461 1 433 0 20 Sodium nitrato ... 100 200 1,000 1,095 2,000 2,1S0 38 to 41 &5i to &7 0 23 Nitre 150 200 1,040 1,140 l.COO l,75i i 433 0 20 No manure ... ... 700 862 1,100 3,724 r 4. 9 197 0 16 0 10 0 0 0 32 • 16 Nitre No manure Sodium nitrate ... Ammonium ; buI* phatc. Nitre 100 go 175 100 200 200 200 200 1,000 680 620 960 760 960 525 615 1,155 750 2,500 2,720 2,7564 1,200 1,9C0 2,400 2,100 2,733i 1.443J 1,875 This crop at At was attackeJ by the " rice hispa " aivj hence though the growth was good the results arc unreliable. ISl 0 20 Sodium nitrate ... 150 2D0 1,160 075 2,320 1,950 L 177 1 0 12 No manure ... ... ... 400 325 1,333J 1,083^ The owner of the field at Shiker was much impressed on seeing the results of the manure, especially as the manured fields were in much poorer condition than the no-manure plot. He has asked for either a repetition of the experiment or a supply of manure for which he is prepared to pay. The extra yield from 31 the manured plots only pays for the extra expenditure incurred on the manure. Had conditions been equal the value of the extra yield would have exceeded the cost of the manure. At Amalsad the rice crop seems to be a 12-anna one due to want of water. 33. Similar experiments with the same manures were made at the villages of Amalsad and Kachholi, taluka Jaldlpor, on sugarcane. The results are tabulated below : — •* o *N. 00 US t^ :i s i; 1^ s CO s CI "» ou * •* rji in •* IT S3 ■^ ft o 2i >-> c 0 « « M CO CO 3J,2 4.§ ii '^ C * *?'« Ci o 5 S", © 2 ** * 2 •- -^ U5 iH i-l -* o 0> CO cp 2> ■n" i-« o o :c C5 o O i--;^ CC^ o ^" « cf of CO eo CO eo CO r-J^ 00 oc o CO h- »0 I-l iH O 00*" -^ O C-5 <« CD W 8 QO O o o o ^ eo ci o o o O 00 ^ «i '^ W C-. w cs • o 2 0 rs rt e3 te s s ?i S o -U o is ^ 55 5^^ CO tv ^ g^ t. S 5h Sag e8 o " s s a o ?3 o T> 5?q 2 S .IS o »0 iO oi M to r-l iH t-i r-l I— I o o o o o 00 ■ Green manured with San. • •• ) (^) No manure 467 (a) Sodium nitrate ... ) Top-dressed with silt from surrounding ... 3 drains, J (') No manure 528 \n) Sodium nitrate ... 1 ""ane grown after ginger ; no manure ■ ...J given to Cane. fl [b) No manure 485 [a) Nitre (6) No manure ••* V Same as above. fl 488 (a) Nitre ... f Manured with farm yard manure at fll ... J the rate of 35 cart-loads per acre. W [b) No manure 496 (a) Nitre (h) No manure •*• 1 No manure was given to the crop. f KachholL ] 277 (//) Sodium nitrate ... 1 Cane grow^n after ginger without any 1 ... 1 manure. || {b) No manure 407 {a) Ammonium sulphate ... ^ No manure S'iven. |l {bS No manure ... II 408 \a) Amm nium sulphate . 7 . Tk.T ...1 • Green manured with Udid. H [b) No manure ...J 1 11 290 (fl) Sodium nitrate ... ) Cane grown after ginger without any ll ... J manure. II {b) No manure 406 [a) Nitre (b) No manure •> '"• • Same as above. 269 {a) Sodium nitrate (b) No manure ••• !- Same as abovew ••• ; 287 [a) Nitre [h) No manure No manure given by the cultivators. Note, — In the group of garden villages the ginger crop gets the best possible treatment. It is grown in fields which are manured w th green ma;iu e a'i far as possble; any aVciiUble farmyard manure is also given and the crop is finally top dress d with castor cake at tbj rat * of 20 to 30 maunds per acre and it is also earthed wi»h silt from the surrounding drains. The ge. e^al practice there is to grow a sugarcane crop after ginger so as to get the advantage of heavy manuring given to ginger. 85 In tho onse of Survey Nos. 467 and 528, the results of the unmanured plot are better than those of tho mnnured plots. The difference may be due to differences in the soil which cannot be ascertained from the appearance of the crop when very young. As far as these results go they appear to indicate that of the manures tried, ammonium sulphate alone will pay. Dairy Herd. 39. Tho following statement shows the strength of the dairy herd on the Surat Station : — i ; §1 Increase • 1 ! Decrease. 2 |5 V'alualio!!. ISiUO. 1007. Dcbcriptioii. 1 5* 1 i 1 1 s ^ Increase or De- crease. Its. K. Us. Stud bulls 3 ... ... 3 ... ... 2 1 21o 135 -90 COWB 12 ... ..« ... ... 12 565 605 + 40 Heifers 8 .«• •" ... ... ... 8 111 230 +89 Cow calves 6 6 0 ... ... „ 12 142 133 +80 Bull calves 2 0 2 ..• ... ... 2 c 100 +35 Total ... 31 ... 6 ■ 2 33 1.182 +154 lie buffaloes . ••» ... ... M\ ... ... 1 . .';o -25 8be-l'ufifaloc6 11 3 ... 3 ... ... ... ... U 575 I.OIO +435 Heifors 1 ... ... ... ... 1 1 ... 30 ... -35 Sbc-buffalo calves ... 8 1 2 3 ... 1 ... 1 10 88 114 +26 fiuU buffalo calves . 9 1 5 C 6 3 ... 9 c 51 80 + 29 Total ... 30 • 7 12 6 4 1 11 31 8C1 1.234 2,416 +430 Grand Total ... 61 . 13 18 8 4 1 13 66 1.8C3 •»-584 40. The following statement shows the monthly milk yield of each cow and buffalo, average monthly milk yield and dates of calving of each animal during the year : — 36 tS 1 t--. f^ t:* t< (M Oo^C "w! ri (^^ cr. X.- ^ b — ( rH P-* ^^ 0 I r<. r-« ' • : : ^ T»< 0 ^ o; ^ oi ^-1 -^ ,~ _ t|- .*T >r 10 CC M .- T*. c c !jq CD ci ~^ '«-' rH . -O -*> 0^ CO S'-. (N JCi 0 c. r-l i>^ CI I S C ri oa 0^000 ^^o '# i^^ 0 2 i 0 0 13 ' S m ■»^4 C N >. rt CO CI rji '^ r-icc^Ti<^Tjicc«rc CI CO rH ! CO 5 •-•« A 0 o>i Ti* X ^ : : : : CO o =s^ i TrC5r-iSMr^'#«0 t^ CO 6 r' J2 CI CC CC CO (>4 (M _, 00 C) rH o ^ 1 *~^ rH 2 ._ - 1 0 C'J CI ) 1 ^ OO-^iO'arft^COCO i:: -fi o 1 h3 .-^COC. -^T^COCOW oT CO 04 to i S cc oc 00 -^ 0 00 ' CO c PH rH 9 'il -^ 1 t> • ooc^t-i^oo'* : I : : ! C/D d A w 3 t- T 0 CO l- Tji 1 ^ Ij ^ eo c* •r i :^ CO . 00 0 T? 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I : CO CI CO « eo CO fO CO eo eo eo eo : 5 ! : '- : : i « CO CO . ** . 1 ^ -5 u; d i< : 1 i 1 1 : 1 M 1 M dS : 3 k5 i •3 3 1 5 i : 9 1 1 : ^1 ^ •?i ;^ ^ A ?1 ri ^ r-l ri rs rH -. n eo -* -H fA «• -^ 40 i 41 These experiments were started to test the milk-increasmg properties of the different fo;lders, dry and green. They were also made last year, but on account of want of sufficient green fodder at the time and other difficulties the results were not conclusive. This year, too, difficulties had to be faced The supply of green fodder did not last for the period for which they were to he made, and either the fodders had to be substituted by others or the experiinent stopped. As the cattle are not box-fed the experi- ments have to be conducted when they do not get anything to graze outside. The fodders were given in such a way that the dry weight of the green fodders was equal. The concentrated foods remained the same as usual. It will be seen that the fortnightly average milk yield of the* four animals under trial previous to the commencement of the experiment was lbs. 10-8, lbs. 10-9, lbs. 17-1 and lbs. 13-15, respectively. The average rose during the second fortnight to lbs. 11-8, lbs. 13-9, lbs. 17-11, lbs. 15-15, respectively, for each animal. During the third fortnight the yield was nearly maintain- ed without any green fodder except in the case of the fourth animal, which was ill for three days. During the fourth fortnight no guinea grass or green fodder was available and lucerne was given to all animals, but that too lasted only for a week, during which period the milk yield went down a little. The yield would have showed a bigger diiference when the animals were fed both with dry and green fodder if the animals were all newly calved; but such animals were not in tlie dairy when the experiment was conducted, as many animals at that period go dry or are nearly at the middle of their milking period. The trial showed tliat no appreciable difference in milk yield was obtained by the changes of rations tried. F. ELETCHEll, Deputy Director of Agriculture. JPoona, September 1007. 0 990-6 I^tlXAY: PKINTEIJ AT TilK COVUliNMliM' CiiNTK-\L IKKSS. 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. JAN 31 19673 6 r*k .^ //lAl 1 1- ) ^MlQ'Qy_j^p M ^OAN DEPT. ro^^^MroT^^' uoiJ?.f2S'^""- YC ^.867^