HAY I 8 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

May 2, 1983

THIS WEEK

Alberta Cattle To Go By Sea To Korea 1

Budget Benefits Farm Tax Losses 2

Horn Fly Control 4

Correction 5

Zoysia Grass Not Suitable For Alberta 6

Taxation Of Farm Machinery Rebates 7

Apply Now For Summer Farm Employment Program 10

Economics of NH3 Application 11

New Edition Of Alberta Horticultural Guide Released 12

Phone: (403) 427-2121

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

May 2, 1983

1

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ALBERTA CATTLE TO GO BY SEA TO KOREA

Two thousand Charolais heifers will take a history-making sea voyage to the
Republic of Korea beginning the first week in May.

These are the first Alberta beef cattle to go by ship to Korea. They make up a
portion of over 23,000 head of Alberta cattle which have been sold to Korea over the past 18
months. All previous shipments of cattle have gone by chartered aircraft.

The Alberta cattle will be assembled in Ponoka and loaded into semi-trailer trucks.
From there they will travel to Vancouver where a special cattle ship will be waiting into which
the animals will be loaded directly. Estimated date of departure from Vancouver is Friday
May 6 to arrive in Pusan, Korea about two weeks later.

The shipment is worth over $1,000,000. It is the latest sal3 made by the Alberta-
Canada All-Breeds Association. Over the past several years the market development group of
Alberta Agriculture has been working with private exporters in Alberta to develop the market
in Korea.

Alberta's minister of agriculture, LeRoy Fjordbotten, will be at the Eraser-Surrey
dock in Vancouver May 5 to see the cattle loaded unto the ship directly from the semi-trailers.
"I see the whole operation as a good example of co-operation between the agriculture depart-
ment and private industry," the minister points out.

The cattle will be accompanied by a government of Canada health inspector,
several animal attendants and about 225 tonnes of feed.

-30-

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone:(403)427-2121 Print Media Branch

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2014

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2

May 2, 1983

FCR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

BUDGET BENEFITS FARM TAX LOSSES

The new federal budget will give farmers who are in financial difficulty some
reprieve if they have paid taxes in any of the last three years, says Dan Hilsenteger, a farm
management economist with Alberta Agriculture.

The new budget announced April 19, 1983 by Marc Lalonde proposes to spend
more money on large capital projects, employment, housing, and to provide tax incentives to
small businesses. There are also some changes to personal taxes, such as increases in child
tax credit and child care expenses. Mr. Hilsenteger says there are several changes in the
budget which will affect farmers.

• Special Farm Financial Assistance

A further injection of $100 million to bring to $150 million the money allocated
for the Farm Credit Corporation's program for farmers will assist those in financial distress.
« Investment Tax Credit (ITC)

For investment after April 19, 1983. The maximum ITC claim for one year will
no longer be limited to $15,000. The ITC may be carried back for two years in 1983 and
three years in 1984. As well, the ITC may be carried forward for seven years, starting in
1983 rather than the previous five-year limit. This will allow a farmer who has to reduce his
1983 ■'ederal tax payable to zero to carry-back eligible ITC against federal tax payable in
1982 or 1981 . The result would be a tax refund for 1983.

Should a farmer still have ITC available after the carry-back, he could then make
use of the new Refundable Investment Tax Credit. This scheme will allow a farmer who is
unable to make use of ITC acquired between April 19, 1983 and May 1, 1986, to claim 40

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

Budget Benefits Farm Tax Losses ( cont'd)

per cent of the remaining balance. Therefore a farmer who has a balance of $2,500 in his ITC
pool after reducing his federal tax payable to zero would be able to claim a tax refund of
$1,000 (40% of $2,500).

• Business Losses

Farmers will be allowed to carry-back losses in 1983 three years to 1980, and to
carry forward losses for 10 years. This replaces the old rule of one-year carry-back and
five-year carry-forward.

• Tax Incentives For Paying Salary To Spouse And Children

Employment expense deduction is to be increased to 20 per cent from three per
cent of net income to a maximum of $500.

• Export Assistance

Farmers wishing to establish or improve export markets for their products may be
eligible for assistance through a $20-million Export Market Development program, designed
for small and medium sized buisness.

• Family Farm Rollover

Shares in a family farm holding company transferred after May 25, 1978 will
qualify for the rollover.

In summarizing, Mr. Hilsenteger says that in order to benefit from this budget,
a farmer will have to show a loss or low income in 1983 and/or purchase considerable new
depreciable property after April 19, 1983. This is not to suggest, Mr. Hilsenteger cautions,
that farmers should rush out and buy unneeded equipment or that they juggle their income
tax return to show a loss in 1983. Rather, he says, farmers in financial difficulty will get
some reprieve if they paid taxes in any of the last three years. Also those farmers who can
afford to buy needed equipment will receive some tax incentives.

-30-

May 2, 1983

4

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HORN FLY CONTROL

Every dollar spent on horn fly control can result in a return of $7 to $15 in live-
stock weight gain.

This is the preliminary finding of research being done by Hugh Philip, livestock
entomologist wi:h the Alberta Environmental Centre in Vegreville.

Ear tags treated with insecticide will provide good control of horn flies on cattle
over the summer, he says. The key is to attach the tags before the cattle are turned out to
pasture.

Horn flies overwinter in pastures, emerging in late May or early June to feed on the
blood of the cattle. A horn fly infestation is unmistakable. "You'll notice flies about half
the size of houseflies on the backs of the cattle, especially bulls," Mr. Philip says.

Ear tags to control horn flies are sold under the brand names Bovaid and Debantic.
They are equally effective if applied according to the instructions on the label. The cost of
the tags ranges between $2.50 and $3.00 per animal. Calves do not have to be treated because
horn flies do not attack them. Some producers may be reluctant to tag their bulls; ii is not
strictly necessary, according to Mr. Philip, as long as the rest of the herd is treated.

Mr. Philip urges producers to follow the directions that come with the ear tags,
and wear gloves when handling them. The tags are not suitable for use as identification tags,
and must be removed before the cattle are shipped for slaughter. Unused tags may be stored in
a plastic bag in a cool place for use next year.

- (cont'd) -

Phone; (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Horn Fly Control (cont'd)

The horn fly problem is widespread in Alberta. "You find them everywhere you
find cattle, except for rangelands at higher elevations, and areas that have recently been cleared
for grazing — for example, north-central Alberta," Mr. Philip says. He is experimenting with
ear tag tapes, tail tags and oilers as alternative methods of controlling horn flies.

More field studies are needed to develop information on the economic implications
of horn flies in cattle production. Mr. Philip asks any producers interested in co-operating in
such projects to contact their district agriculturist or regional livestock supervisor.

-30-

CORRECTION

An error appeared in the title of the article about a new canola oil refinery at Wcinwright
(April 25 1983 issue of Agri-News). The title on the article should have read "$9,1-Million
Canola Oil Refinery Announced for Wainwright" NOJ $1.9-MiHion. The figures within the
story were correct.

May 2, 1983

6

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ZOYSIA GRASS NOT SUITABLE FOR ALBERTA
Despite its advertising claims, a turf grass called Zoysia or Manila grass is not suit-
able for use in Alberta.

Brendan Casement, research horticulturist with the Alberta Horticulture Research
Center in Brooks, says that Zoysia grass is being promoted as a minimum maintenance,
drought resistant lawn grass.

m

Mr. Casement explains that in order to thrive, Zoysia grass needs very hot temp-
eratures, like those of the southern United States. Even Alberta's hottest summers are too
cool for the grass to grow well. Furthermore, Zoysia grass stops growing when the average
daily temperature drops to 10 ° C, and turns straw-colored at the first frost. Claims that
Zoysia grass will withstand temperatures of -35 ° C have not been proven in Alberta, Mr.
Casement adds.

A list of recommended turf grasses for Alberta may be found in the revised edition
of the Alberta Horticultural Guide (Agdex 200/01 ), available from district offices or the Print
Media Branch, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/diberra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

7

May 2, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

TAXATION OF FARM MACHINERY REBATES

The federal government has made some changes to its new half-year depreciation
rules in regard to the claiming of capital cost allowance (CCA), Merle Good, an agricultural
economist with Alberta Agriculture, reports.

The capital cost of an asset (usually the purchase price) is reduced if certain
amounts are received, such as government grants or investment tax credits. In the past the
accepted method has been to reduce the capital cost of an asset by the amount of any rebate
received and claim the capital cost allowance on this reduced amount. If, however, a rebate
on the purchase price is received from a third party, usually the manufacturer, the Depart-
ment of National Revenue, as a result of two court decisions, has accepted the claiming of
capital cost allowance based on the full capital cost of an asset.

If the rebate is received from a dealer, then the normal method of reducing the
capital cost of an asset by the amount of the rebate received will continue. Before purchas-
ing an asset, request that a manufacturer rebate be paid directly to you rather than beirg
handled through your dealer, advises Mr. Good. "The rebate should definitely be from a
third party and for tax purposes is then treated as a non-taxable capital receipt or, in effect,
a gift."

Investment Tax Credit

This change in the department's practice also affects the investment tax credit
claim. The practice has been to calculate the credit based on the capital cost net of any
rebate. For example, a new piece of farm machinery purchased for $40,000 with a manufact-
urer's rebate of $10,000 would, assuming a seven per cent rate, generate an investment
tax credit of $2,100 ($30,000 x 7%).

- (cont'd) -

Phnnp (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

8

-2 -

Taxation of Farm Machinery Rebates (cont'd)

The change in the department's policy means the credit is calculated on the
capital cost, ignoring any rebate. The claim therefore, using the same figures, would gene-
rate an investment tax credit of $2,800 ($40,000 x 7%). The capital cost of such qualifying
assets must still be reduced by the amount of any investment tax credits claimed before
entering the balance into your CCA class.

In the past year it has not been unusual to see farm equipment manufacturers
offering rebates of 20 and even 30 per cent of the purchase price for certain pieces of equip-
ment. The savings resulting from higher capital cost allowance claims and investment tax
credit allowances can be quite impressive, Mr. Good notes. Using the same example, the
manufacturer's rebate of $10,000 will generate a tax saving of $4,700 (assuming a farmer is in
the 40 per cent tax bracket). This reduction is composed of a $700 investment tax credit
($10,000 X 7%) and $4,000 over three years in federal and provincial tax due to increased
depreciation allowances. ($10,000 x 40%).
Amending Your Return

In most situations, the tax department will not permit taxpayers to amend pre-
vious years' returns to reduce their tax payable if their claim is based on a successful chal-
lenge by a taxpayer of the department's assessment policy. However, taxpayers can adjust
the capital cost of assets on which third party rebates have been received and begin claiming
capital tax allowance on the higher adjusted amount. Furthermore, since the capital cost of
the assets has been adjusted, it appears that an additional investment tax credit can also be
claimed. The claiming of this additional credit however is still subject to the five-year limit-
ation rule, which states that unused tax credits can be carried forward for up to five years
and applied against federal tax payable.

- (cont'd) -

Taxation of Farm Machinery Rebates (cont'd)
Conclusion

With the complexity of the Income Tax Act, changes in the department's policy
will become the norm rather than the exception predicts Mr. Good. "It is this reason that
expert advice from a qualified accountant should be sought before filing your last year's tax
return, " he says.

- 30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Ahexio

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 2, 1983

10

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

APPLY NOW FOR SUMMER FARM EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM

The Alberta Summer Farm Employment Program will operate again this year. If
ycu plan to hire a student, or if you hope to get a job under the program, however, don't
delay — apply to the nearest Canada farm labor pool office as soon as possible.

The deadline for applications is June 3, but with the general shortage of summer
jobs, Bernie Yakimyshyn, co-ordinator of special employment programs for Alberta Agri-
culture, expects the limit of 800 applications to be reached early.

Under the program any Alberta farmer can hire a student, provided the two are
not related. The Alberta government will pay half the student's monthly salary up to a max-
imum of $300.

To be elegible, students must be at least 1 5 years old, and have the written consent
of their parents if they are under 18. They must be residents of Alberta and legally entitled
to work in Canada. In addition, each student must be prepared to work for at least one
month and to attend one of Alberta Agriculture's farm safety seminars.

Applications from potential employers under the Alberta Summer Farm Employ-
ment Program will be taken on a first come, first served basis, with priority given to those
who did not participate in 1982.

The aim of the program is to provide work experience for students. More than
26,000 young people have taken part since the program was started 1 1 years ago.

Employer and employee application forms can be obtained from district agri-
culturists or Canada farm labor pool offices. Further details on the Alberta Summer Farm
Employment Program are available from Bernie Yakimyshyn, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 -
113 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6, telephone 427-2186.

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

-30 -

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 2, 1983

11

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ECONOMICS OF NH3 APPLICATION

Alberta Agriculture has just released the publication "Economics Of Alternative
Methods Of Anhydrous Annmonia Application."

The publication identifies four methods of anhydrous application and evaluates
these methods by comparing their investment and operating costs. The four methods that
are considered in the publication are purchase of a cold flow converter kit and rental of
tank(s); purchase of a cold flow converter kit with two different sized tanks, rental of an
NH3 applicator from a dealer; and purchase of a NH3 applicator with two different sized
tanks.

Gerd Andres, farm management economist of Olds, Alberta, says that an estimated
cost breakdown for each of the options is analyzed according to acreage size. Both fixed and
variable costs are examined. Cost estimates for 1 ,000, 1 ,500 and 2,000 acres are given.

Cost breakdowns for each of the four methods are illustrated in table form. Also
included in the publication is a worksheet to help farmers calculate their own anhydrous
machinery costs.

Mr. Andres says that NH3 , rental equipment and delivery rates for NH 3 can vary
among dealers as does the purchase of NH3 equipment. He advises each individual to estimate
his own costs from figures that dealers can provide. The publication also discusses shared
ownership and tax considerations.

Copies of "Economics Of Alternative Methods Of Anhydrous Ammonia Applic-
cation" (Agdex 825-14) can be obtained from district agriculturist' Print Media Branch,
Agriculture Building, 7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6 or from the Farm
Business Management Branch, Box 2000, Olds, Alberta, TOM IPO.

-30-

/<llberra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

May 2, 1983

12

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

NEW EDITION OF ALBERTA HORTICULTURAL GUIDE RELEASED '

Every year many home gardeners spend time and money on plants that don't
grow well simply because the variety is not suited to Alberta.

The Alberta Horticultural Guide, recently revised for 1983-85, can help gardeners
avoid that problem. This handy pocket-sized booklet lists the recommended varieties of
vegetables, flowers, shrubs and trees for different climatic zones of Alberta.

The recommendations in the guide are based on the findings of researchers with
Alberta Agriculture, Agriculture Canada and agricultural colleges, as well as commercial
growers.

"Through the guide we offer home gardeners the very latest information on culti-
vars and cultural practices," says Tom Krahn of the Alberta Horticultural Research Center at
Brooks. The new sections in this edition are vegetable varieties recommended for home green-
houses, and information on tunnels and hotcaps.

The Alberta Horticultural Guide (Agdex 200/01) is free. Copies are available from
district agriculturists or the Print Media Branch, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 113 Street,
Edmonton, T6H 5T6 .

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dlbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

CANADIANA

MAY 1 8 1983

May 9, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Federal-Provincial Program Aids Northern Alberta Food Processors 1

Spruce Budworm Forecast for 1983 2

Micronutrient Fertilizers Generally Not Required in Alberta 3

Market Garden Grant Available 5

Market Development Efforts Increase Sales 6

Registered Home Ownership Savings Plan Better Than Ever 8

ydlberia

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

May 9, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

1

FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL PROGRAM Al PS NORTHERN ALBERTA FOOD PROCESSORS

Five rural Alberta firms will receive financial assistance totalling $325,446 under
the Canada-Alberta Subsidiary Agreement on Nutritive Processing Assistance.

Caravelle Foods, located in Spruce Grove, will upgrade its meat processing facility
with the help of a $191,829 offer. The firm will use the assistance to expand its burger
patty line, add a new pork sandwich product line and also expand its office, storage and
maintenance areas. Eleven jobs are expected to be created.

A soft drink bottler in St. Paul has accepted an offer of $72,760 to expand its
facility. St. Paul Beverages Limited will upgrade its production lines, maintenance and
warehouse facilities. When the expansion is complete, the firm hopes to hire an additional
1 1 persons.

The Shur Gain Division of Canada Packers Inc. will modernize its feedmill located
in Wetaskiwin. The company has accepted an offer of $43,239 to modify its operations to
include steam rolled feed for dairy cattle.

Another feedmill will modernize and expand its existing facility lo:ated in
Westlock. Champion Feed Services Ltd. has accepted an offer of $15,158 to install new
equipment and storage bins.

Stony Plain Bakery Ltd. will purchase a new mixer and water meter using a
$2,460 offer. Located in Stony Plain, the bakery uses only natural ingredients, with no
additives or preservatives added to the products.

The Canada-Alberta Subsidiary Agreement on Nutritive Processing Assistance is a
cost-shared program administered jointly by Alberta Agriculture and the federal Department
of Regional Economic Expansion (DREE).

-30-

For further information, contact Dr. J. E. Wiebe, Executive Director, Rural Development,
Alberta Agriculture, telephone: 427-4287.

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-2 1 2 1 Print Media Branch

May 9, 1983

2

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SPRUCE BUDWORM FORECAST FOR 1983

Three areas in Alberta are expected to be affected by the spruce budworm in
1983. According to a survey done by the Canadian Forestry Service of Environment Canada,
nnoderate-to-severe defoliation of spruce trees could occur in 1983.

The three affected areas are in Ednnonton, near Castor and in Big Knife
Provincial Park. An aerial survey conducted in Edmonton late June of 1982 revealed moderate-
to-severe defoliation of spruce along the North Saskatchewan River from the Quesnell Bridge
to the university area. Similar defoliation levels are expected in 1983.

In the Castor area, spruce branch samples were collected and egg masses were
analysed. Results from the test indicate that severe defoliation of spruce could occur in
1983. Approximately 200 hectares of spruce in the area were affected in 1982.

A survey in Big Knife Provincial Park, located northeast of Stettler, also revealed
the presence of the spruce budworm. Most of the 7.5 hectares of spruce located in the park
are expected to be affected by moderate- to-severe defoliation in 1983.

The report prepared by the Canadian Forestry Service does note that unfavorable
weather conditions, as well as parasites and diseases, could decrease spruce budworm
populations.

-30-

e: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 9, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MICRONUTRIENT FERTILIZERS GENERALLY NOT REQUIRED IN ALBERTA

Farmers are advised not to apply micronutrient fertilizers, even if laboratory
tests show that the soil is deficient in micronutrients.

"The tests themselves do not appear to be doing an adequate job of predicting
when micronutrient fertilizers are required," says Ross McKenzie, soil fertility specialist with
Alberta Agriculture in Lethbridge.

Plants require six micronutrients -- boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese
and zinc -- most of which are naturally present in adequate amounts in Alberta soils.
There are two ways of determining micronutrient levels: taking tissue samples from a growing
crop, or testing the soil itself.

It is the soil tests Mr. McKenzie questions. In 1982 the soils branch studied
samples from 85 fields in southern Alberta. Approximately one-third tested low in at least
one micronutrient. Yet tests on crop tissues taken from the same fields later in the summer
showed no micronutrient deficiencies whatsoever.

Both private laboratories and Alberta Agriculture will test soil for farmers.
"The results are the same regardless of who does the testing," Mr. McKenzie notes.

Not only are soil tests likely misleading -- but so far there is no evidence that
dryland crops respond to applications of micronutrient fertilizers. Irrigated field beans are
the only Alberta-grown crop that has proven to benefit from the fertilizer.

- (cont'd) -

y^lbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

4

-2-

Micronutrient Fertilizers Generally Not Required in Alberta (cont'd)

Unnecessary use of micronutrient fertilizers is costly. "Last week I talked with a
farmer planning to seed 7,000 acres. Soil tests showed his land needed micronutrient
fertilizers that would have cost $12 per acre or $84,000. Likely there would be iittle or
no yield increase," Mr. McKenzie says. "If farmers are considering the use of a micro-
nutrient fertilizer, I'd advise them to try a test strip instead of an application to the whole
field."

Further research on the need for micronutrient fertilizers will be carried out in
southern Alberta this summer. In the meantime, more information on the subject is found
in Alberta Agriculture's new fact sheet, Micronutrient Requirements of Crops in Alberta
(Agdex 531-1). Copies are available from district offices or from the Print Media Branch,
7000 - 1 1 3 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 5T6.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-2121

Ahexio

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 9, 1983

5

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MARKET GARDEN GRANT AVAILABLE

Market gardeners may be eligible for assistance under Alberta's Market Garden
Development Garden Grant Program. Funding up to $750 per hectare or 10,000 square metres

(2.47 acres or 107,640 square feet) of vegetables and/or fruit is available.

The Market Garden Development Grant Program was initiated in 1976 to increase
market gardening in the province by providing assistance to growers in the form of grants to be
used for buying seed, fertilizers, gardening equipment, etc.

To be eligible for a grant, a market gardener must produce and market all his pro-
duce from a minimum of one hectare. The grant covers all vegetable crops, except potatoes,
that are commonly grown in Alberta and raspberry and strawberry plants that are bearing
fruit. The vegetables and fruits must be grown under normally acceptable cultural practices
and must be sold through a recognized marketing channel.

Since a market gardener is entitled to a grant for a maximum of only two years,
anybody who has already received a grant for two years under the Market Garden Devel-
opment Grant Program or the former Fresh Vegetable Incentive Program is not eligible for a
grant this year. Vegetable growers who are eligible for grants must file an application by
July 1 with the Alberta Horticultural Research Center in Brooks.

Additional information on the Market Garden Development Grant Program and
application forms for the grants can be obtained from district agriculturists, the Alberta Horti-
cultural Research Center, Bag Service 200, Brooks, Alberta, TOJ OJO or the Alberta Tree
Nursery and Horticulture Centre, R.R. 6, Edmonton, Alberta, T5B 4K3.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AhexiQ

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 9, 1983 5
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MARKET DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS INCREASE SALES

Long-term efforts to develop markets for Alberta's agricultural goods are
beginning to pay off, says Cliff Wulff, executive director of Alberta Agriculture's market
development division.

During 1982 the division assisted Alberta companies in making export sales of
approximately $300 million. During each of the first three months of 1983, the division
helped to initiate export sales worth $5 million in new business alone.

New markets for hides and malting barley worth $5 million have been developed
in China. What initiated these trade discussions was the signing last year of a "twinning"
agreement between Alberta and China's Helongjiang province, a relationship established
to further cultural and economic ties.

Over the past 18 months Korea has bought 23,000 head of cattle from Alberta.
These sales, too, have been assisted by a twinning agreement, Mr. Wulff says - one signed
in 1973 between Alberta and the Korean province Kangweon (Gangweon).

The market development division has helped to get Alberta beef into Britain.
Since August 1982, over 40 containers of beef, 12 of them fresh cryovacked high quality
cuts, have been shipped. Harrods, the noted English department store, is featuring Alberta
beef this month.

Mr. Wulff says the Pacific northwest United States has the greatest potential
outside Alberta and B.C. as a market for Alberta products. Canada Safeway's export division
has recently sold grocery products and fresh and processed meats in Hawaii, Seattle, Spokane
and Denver. "The Montreal beef market remains Alberta's major out-of-province market
lOr our cattlemen and processors," he adds.

- (cont'd) -

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

7

-2-

Market Development Efforts Increase Sales (cont'd)

Mr. Wulff considers canola products second only to livestock and meats in export
potential. The market development division has undertaken feeding trials using canola meal
in rations for trout, dairy cattle and poultry. As a result, canola meal is accepted as an
ingredient in feed rations in the Pacific northwest.

Feeding trials are only one tool market development staff use to encourage
international buyers to accept Alberta products. "We also host trade missions, conduct
seminars, take part in trade shows, and work toward changing regulations and attitudes,"
Mr. Wulff says.

As for the future, with world trade declining in volume and value, "It's going
to be a challenge just to maintain our present trade level in some markets," he says. In this
regard the market development division is examining new marketing techniques -- for
example, barter (three-country trade) -- to see whether they offer opportunities for Alberta
exporters. The division is also urging the federal government and commercial banks to
examine the increased use of credit for the expansion of agricultural and food exports.

Overall, the market development division is aiming at assisting Alberta industry
to improve its sales results in 1983.

-30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 9, i983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

REGISTERED HOME OWNERSHIP SAVINGS PLAN BETTER THAN EVER

Marc Lalonde's new budget proposes to further assist home and home furnishing buyers
through modifications to the Registered Home Ownership Savings Plan (RHOSP), says
Dan Hilsenteger, a farm management economist with Alberta Agriculture.
HOME PURCHASES

For 1983 and 1984 taxation years, an individual who has a RHOSP may, upon the purchase
of a newly constructed home, claim as a deduction against taxable income, the difference
between $10,000 and his RHOSP contributions. For example, if an individual who
contributed $4,000 to his RHOSP in previous years buys a home after April 19, 1983, he
would withdraw the $4,000 from the plan and also claim the additional RHOSP deduction
of $6,000 ($10,000 - $4,000). This new RHOSP incentive would provide an individual in
a 30 per cent tax bracket with a tax savings of $1,800, (30% of $6,000). An individual who
has made no contributions in the past and is otherwise eligible in the current year
for a RHOSP can obtain the maximum deduction of $10,000.
In order to qualify for this "top up" feature, the following conditions must be met;

• You must move in immediately and remain for that year and 60 days after the
end of the year.

• No deduction is claimed by another person on the same home.

• No grant is paid under the Canadian Home Ownership Stimulation Plan on the
same home.

• Neither you nor your spouse previously owned a home after 1981.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

A\bex\o

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

9

-2-

Registered Home Ownership Savings Plan Better Than Ever (cont'd)
HOME FURNISHINGS

Individuals will be permitted to withdraw all or part of their accumulated savings in
RHOSPs free of tax for the purchase of new home furnishings and appliances in 1983, even
though they do not purchase a new home. They will not be required to close the plan for
such withdrawals, and withdrawals will not affect their eligibility to make future tax-
deductible contributions to the plan. However, they will not be allowed to claim any RHOSP
deduction for 1983 in respect of contributions to the plan after April 19, 1983 if they choose
to make use of this option.

Qualifying new furnishings must generally be purchased between April 19 and
December 31, 1983. However, goods purchased on or before April 19, 1983 but delivered
after this date will also be eligible. Goods purchased before December 31, 1983 must be
delivered by February 29, 1984 in order to be eligible. This measure will stimulate consumer
expenditures on durable goods.

Qualifying furnishings and appliances will include the following when purchased new:

• furniture for use in the home,

• the following appliances for use in the home:
refrigerators and freezers

clothes washers and dryers

dishwashers

stoves and ovens

vacuum cleaners, floor polishers, rug shampooers,

• curtains, drapes, blinds and interior window shutters, and

• rugs and carpets, including underpadding.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AhexiQ

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

10

Registered Home Ownership Savings Plan Better Than Ever (cont'd)

Qualifying purchases will not include musical instruments, home entertainment equipment
such as games tables, video games, computers, television and stereos, clocks, outdoor
furniture, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, air cleaners and conditioners, listed personal property,
appliances for outdoor use and appliances costing less than $100 each.

Taxpayers will be required to include sales receipts to qualifying purchases with their 1983
tax returns. Any RHOSP withdrawals in excess of qualifying purchases will be included for
tax purposes in that year.

-30-

Phone; (403) 427-21 21

AhexiQ

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

/

CANADl^A

m 01 1983

May 16, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Wheat Price Outlook 1

Feed Grain Price Outlook 3

Cattle Price Outlook 5

ADC Lending Results 1982-83 7

Expanding and Maintaining the Quality

of the Agricultural Land Base in Alberta 9

Public Hearings on Agricultural Land Base in Alberta 11

Check Your Sprayer Now 13

Herb Gardening 15

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/dlbcria

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

May 16, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

WHEAT PRICE OUTLOOK

World wheat prices are expected to remain generally weak during the 1983-84
crop year. Although they have recently shown minor strength, mainly due to the American
wheat acreage reduction program, they are expected to decline by about $10 per tonne
between now and July. After that they are expected to slowly improve into the
winter of 1984.

According to Alberta Agriculture's grain marketing economist, Les Lyster,
1982-83 Canadian wheat exports, including products, are expected to reach 20.7 million
tonnes, despite the extremely stiff competition that has been experienced in the export
market. This volume would be 2.2 million tonnes above the record 1981-82 level. However,
carryover stocks at the end of the present crop year are expected to be approximately
1 1 .2 million tonnes or 1 .5 million tonnes higher than they were in July 1982.

Mr. Lyster says that the March planting intentions survey indicates that Canadian
farmers intend to plant 33.24 million acres to wheat this spring, which would be 6.8 per cent
above the record 1982 acreage. Although the survey was taken prior to the time tfiat the
Canadian Wheat Board announced its initial payments, Mr. Lyster believes the estimate is
reasonable.

Even though the 1983 acreage is expected to be up, yields are not likely to match
the phenomenal 1982 level. Mr. Lyster points out that the estimated 1983 acreage, combined
with the trend yield of 29.7 bushels per acre, would result in a wheat crop of 23.9 million
tonnes or 2.5 per cent smaller than the record 1982 crop. Hence, Canada's 1983-84 wheat
supplies are expected to be about 38.1 million tonnes or 0.8 million tonnes above
the 1982-83 supplies.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Medin B^ vTrh

2

-2-

Wheat Price Outlook (cont'd)

World wheat carryover stocks for 1982-83 are estimated to be 97 million tonnes,
up substantially from the 1981-82 carryover of 83 million. Although world wheat production
in the 1983-84 crop year is expected to decline from that of the previous crop year, 1983-84
supplies are again expected to be large. And world wheat trade and usage are expected to
remain fairly flat during that period.

The above article is based on information that was available in April, 1983.

-30 ^

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

3

May 1 6, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FEED GRAIN PRICE OUTLOOK

The Canadian barley market is expected to improve in the coming crop year.

Les Lyster, grain marketing economist with Alberta Agriculture's market analysis
branch says the long-term situation for Canadian barley is somewhat brighter because
both Canadian and U.S. feed grain stocks are expected to be drawn down during the 1983-84
crop year. However, in spite of the massive U.S. acreage reduction programs, which will
reduce both American and world feed grain production in 1983-84, feed grain supplies will
be adequate to meet the foreseeable demand unless a weather disaster occurs in one or more
of the major feed grain producing countries, particularly the United States.

In Canada the supply/demand balance for Canadian barley is expected to tighten
during 1983-84. According to Statistics Canada's Planting Intentions Report, farmers in this
country intend to reduce their barley acreage to 11.98 million acres, which would be
9.4 per cent smaller than the 1982 Canadian acreage. However, since the survey was taken
before the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) announced a $15 per tonne decline in its initial
payment, the acreage reduction is expected to be even greater. It could ultimately be around
1 1 .4 million acres or 14 per cent below that of 1982.

Although export barley prices have increased considerably during the past tew
months, Mr. Lyster does not expect a final payment from the CWB during the current crop
year. But he does expect 1983-84 world barley prices to be above those experienced in the
present crop year, and he believes higher world prices combined with the lower CWB initial
payment should allow for a reasonable final payment in the coming crop year.

- (cont'd) -

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Media Branch

4

-2-

Feed Grain Price Outlook (cont'd)

Non-board barley is expected to maintain a sidewards trading pattern between
now and the fall, but prices are expected to be under some pressure late in the 1982-83 crop
year as farm selling is increased after seeding. However, the downside risk from the current
level will be limited by strength in the U.S. corn market.

Mr. Lyster thinks that non-board country elevator bids on barley are likely to
bottom out this summer in the $75 to $80 per tonne range, which would be only slightly
below their current level. After that he expects prices to slowly increase on into the winter
of 1984.

World barley prices in 1983 84 are expected to be above those of the present crop
year. And world feed grain production is expected to be well below the record 1982-83
level because of the U.S. acreage reduction programs.

The above article is based on infontiation that was available in April, 1983.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

5

May 16, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CATTLE PRICE OUTLOOK

Delayed U.S. marketings of fed cattle are expected to dampen spring and early
summer cattle price increases in Alberta, and declining price trends are predicted from mid-
summer to late fall.

Although 1983 Alberta slaughterings of fed cattle will be lower than they were
in 1982, Gordon Herrington of Alberta Agriculture's market analysis branch explains that
there will be some pressure on prices this spring and summer because of delayed U.S.
marketings of fed cattle, lower prices of competitive meats and an increase in non-fed cow
slaughter in Canada. He also says that the recovery of packer margins in beef will be a factor
in both Canada and the United States. He does not expect prices for A1 and A2 steers
in Calgary to exceed the $80 per hundredweight level during the second quarter of this year,
and he predicts that fed heifer discounts will widen appreciably compared with those of
early 1983.

He says the danger of market surges in fed cattle, mainly an American
phenomenon, may well pressure beef prices foi short periods in late May and early June, and
that cow prices will probably remain relatively strong during the summer, providing that the
level of culling in dairy herds does not increase. He points out that U.S. prices will determine
cow prices in Canada and that discounts will be in operation during this period.

From the long-term point of view, the expected increase in pig output in North
America during the last four months of 1983, and the resultant price weakness, is expected

- (cont'd) -

A\\xx\Q

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 ^^'"^ "^^^'a ^^^^^^

6

- 2 -

Cattle Price Outlook (cont'd)

to accelerate beef price declines during the third and fourth quarters of this year. Beef output
is not expected to be much above that experienced in 1982, but consumption patterns will be
heavily influenced by the relative price of beef and pork. As a consequence of these factors,
fed cattle prices are likely to decline from late July onwards until they reach the low $70
per hundredweight level for A1 and A2 steers in Calgary by the middle of the fourth quarter.

The immediate outlook for heavyweight feeders, Mr. Herrington says, is for prices
to weaken during the second quarter of this year. He believes that fall calf and feeder prices
will be mainly governed by the size of the forthcoming grain crop and the overall impact
of it upon grain stocks and prices as well as by the grain utilization intentions of the American
livestock producers who are participating in that country's PI K program.

The above article is based un information that was available in April, 1983

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 16, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ADC LENDING RESULTS 1982-83

J. Harold Hanna, chairman and managing director of the Agricultural Development
Corporation, has announced the corporation's lending results for the fiscal year endiig
March 31, 1983.

Direct farm lending for the year amounted to 1,485 loans and $204 million
compared with 1,550 loans and $225 million in the previous year. Included in these totals
are 1,197 loans to beginning farmers for $170 million, which is down from 1,290 loans
and $193.5 million in 1981-82. Loans to developing and established farmers were up slightly
at 288 loans for $34 million compared with 260 loans and $31.5 million in the previous
year.

Specific guaranteed loans to farmers were up substantially in 1982-83.
Fifty-seven loans were approved for $1 1.5 million compared with 35 loans and $1.8 million
the previous year.

Guaranteed loans to farmers under the Alberta Farm Development Loan Program
(AFDL) were also up substantially in 1982-83. A total of 5,535 loans were approved for
$80 million compared with 4,546 loans and $64 million in the previous year.

Agribusiness lending in 1982-83 included 30 direct loans for $8 million compared
with 37 loans and $12 million the previous year. A total of 21 guaranteed agribusiness loans
were approved for $28.6 million compared with 20 loans and $14 million in 1981-82. In
addition, 21 extensions to guaranteed operating loans were approved for $3.5 million.

Mr. Hanna said that although the majority of ADC's financing continued to be
provided to beginning farmers, there was a general increase in the number of loans approved
for financial restructuring. However, overall, the current economic conditions resulted in a

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

8

-2-

ADC Lending Results 1982-83 (cont'd)

modest reduction in direct lending. In addition, hank financing became a more attractive
option to many farmers because of the sharp decrease in interest rates. As a result,
the guaranteed Alberta Farm Development Loan volume increased substantially, particularly
during the second half of the fiscal year.

In keeping with ADC's objective of helping family farms establish and maintain
self-sufficiency, various ADC lending and incentive programs were revised during the year.
These revisions included maintaining ADC's direct farm loan preferred interest rate at
1 2 per cent when other mortgage rates were substantially liigher; increasing the amount of loan
eligibility for incentives under the Range and Soil Improvement Program and extending the
purposes to which these incentives could be applied; revising the Beginning Farmer Program
so that incentives are payable on the date of the loan payment to improve cash flow; and
allowing increased off-farm employment for beginning and developing farmers for ar interim
period of time to help them achieve self-sufficiency.

"During the coming years, ADC will continue to adapt its lending programs to the
changing agricultural credit needs of Alberta's farmers," said Mr. Hanna.

ADC's lending programs are funded through the sale of debentures to the Alberta
Heritage Savings Trust Fund.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Morlia Branr-h

9

May 16, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

EXPANDING AND MAINTAINING THE QUALITY
OF THE AGRICULTURAL LAND BASE IN ALBERTA
by Helmut Entrup, Farmers' Advocate of Alberta

Agriculture built our province, sustains it and is our resource for the future.
Despite the growth of other industries, agriculture is still vitally important to us all. Can
we maintain or expand our agriculture production in the future?

Throughout Alberta, land is being lost to non-agricLilture uses and its quality
is deteriorating. The land that is available for agriculture is of a lower quality than the land
now farmed, and it costs more to grow crops on poor soil. How can agriculture remain a
competitive food producing industry if our costs, as they relate to production, rise excessively?

These questions have prompted the government to set up a special committee
under the chairmanship of former M.L.A. for Wainwright, Charlie Stewart, to hold public
hearings about our food producing lands. Specifically, these hearings will be on expanding
and maintaining the quality of agriculture's land base in Alberta. They will consider
the impact of urban and industrial expansion, powerlines and pipelines, roads and airports.
Farming practices, like summerfallowing and the use of fertilizers and other chemicals, will be
scrutinized, and agricultural research and methods to increase production will be
investigated.

You can and should have an input because you may make the difference. I would
like to encourage all farmers and ranchers and other concerned citizens to take advantage of
the hearings to make their views known to Mr. Stewart and his committee. Positive
suggestions on how our land base can be preserved, enlarged and properly utilized, with the
acknowledgement that otfier segments of our society also have the right as user groups,

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Ahexio

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

10

-2-

Expanding and Maintaining the Quality

of the Agricultural Land Base in Alberta (cont'd)

should be submitted to the committee. This fall (after Thanksgiving Day) 16 well advertised
hearings will be hold in Alberta to receive input from both individuals and groups.

Farmers have neglected these issues for too long. Now is the time to take the
initiative and forcefully put forward your real concerns. Others interested in our land, though
involved in business totally unrelated to agriculture, and, in some cases, unsympathetic to
our industry, will be there to express their views.

As a primary user of Ian i, you cannot afford to be silent and to lose out by
default. Please take advantage of this opportunity.

- 30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

A\bex\Q

AGRir' IE

Print Medi,. ii

1 1

May 1 6, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PUBLIC HEARINGS ON AGRICULTURAL LAND BASE IN ALBERTA

The Environment Council of Alberta (ECA) would like everyone who plans to
submit a brief at the public hearings on maintaining and expanding the agricultural land base
in Alberta to send the text of his or her brief to a special five-man panel on or
before September 1 , 1 983. The hearings are scheduled to start on October 1 2.

The public is being asked to submit the texts of their briefs to the panel befcre the
hearings because of the complexity of the subject matter. The chairman of the panel,
Charles Stewart of Wainwright, says "Having the texts in advance of the hearings will enable
the panel to give the public a better hearing on the fairest possible basis."

Those who have submitted the texts of their briefs to the panel by September 1
will have an opportunity to choose the location and approximate time for making
their presentation, while those who do not will not have this advantage.

The texts should be sent to;

Mr. Charles Stewart

Panel Chairman, Agricultural Hearings

Environment Council of Alberta

8th Floor, Weber Centre

5555 Calgary Trail

Edmonton, Alberta T6H 5P9

In addition to Mr. Stewart, the ECA panel consists of Jim Lore of Carstairs;
George Walker of Edmonton; Walter Van Do Wallo of Legal; and Alistair Crerar of Edmonton.
Mr. Crerar is the vice-chairman of the panel and the chief executive officer of the ECA.

Further information on the hearings, background material, terms of reference
and other details can be obtained from the ECA at the above address or by telephoning the

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Aha\Q

12

-2-

Public Hearings on Agricultural Land Base in Alberta (cont'd)

council. Callers in the Edmonton area should telephone 427-5792, while those fronn other
areas of the province can make a toll-free call by dialing 0 and asking for Zenith 06075.

Following is a list of the places and dates on which the hearings are presently
scheduled to be held;

Calgary
Lethbridge
Brooks
Hanna

Medicine Hat
Olds
Camrose
St. Paul
Wainwright
Evansburg
Barrhead
Peace River
Grande Prairie
Vegreville
Red Deer
Edmonton

October 12, 13, 14

October 18
October 20
October 25
October 27
November I
November 3
November 7
November 9

November 1 5
November 1 7
November 22
November 24
November 29
December 1
December 5, 6, 7

30-

ydlberra

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

13

May 16. 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CHECK YOUR SPRAYER NOW

If herbicides are to provide good weed control without damaging the crop,
they must be applied uniformly and at the correct rate.

Terry Footz, herbicide application equipment specialist with Alberta Agriculture's
crop protection branch, points out that many of the newer herbicides require more precise
application than their predecessors because they have a narrower margin of selectivity. He also
says that the misapplication of a herbicide can result in either poor weed control or crop
damage.

A study carried out by Nebraska agricultural engineers in the United States
showed that two out of every three farmers there were making significant errors when
applying herbicides, and that these errors were costing them a lot of money. By resulting in
either over or under application rates, they were costing the farmers anywhere from $2 to $1 2
per acre in the form of addition chemical expenses, crop damage and/or continued weed
competition. The errors were caused by inaccurate sprayer calibration, the incorrect mixing
of the chemical or the failure to correctly read and follow label directions.

The study also showed that the nozzle tips were the most neglected and abused
part of the sprayers. In a large percentage of cases the sprayers were found to have different
types of nozzles on the same boom and in one case a nozzle tip was found to be applying
two and a half times more chemical than the others.

Mr. Footz urges farmers to check out their nozzle tips to make sure that they are
all the same type, that they all have the same spray angle and that their output conforms
to the manufacturer's specifications, and that none of the nozzle tips are worn by more than
5 per cent. He says any that are worn by more than this amount should be replaced.

(cont'd)

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/diberra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

14

-2-

Check Your Sprayer Now (cont'd)

He also says that research findings have shown that stainless steel and nylon
nozzle tips last inuch longer than brass tips. When the amount of money a farmer invests
in herbicides every year is taken into account, the steel or nylon tips are a good investment
even though they cost more than the brass tips.

Since it is impossible to accurately measure the output of nozzle tips without
an accurate pressure gauge, this piece of equipment should also be carefully checked, and
replaced if it is not accurate.

Finally, to achieve a uniform and correct application rate, a sprayer must be well
maintained and it must be correctly calibrated. And the correct herbicide must be applied
for the weeds to be controlled, the correct amount must be used and the herbicide musv be
applied at the correct time.

Mr. Footz says that anyone who spends a few hours and a few dollars getting his
sprayer into good working order before the spraying season will be well rewarded.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branrh

15

May 16, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HERB GARDENING
by Betty Vladicka, Extension Horticulturalist, Alberta Agriculture

Herbs can be grown for their decorative value, their fragrance or their culinary
uses, and the location of a herb garden will depend upon the types of herbs to be grown.
It can form a part of the vegetable garden or it can occupy a conspicuous spot in the land-
scape. But, regardless of the purpose for which the herbs are being grown, their environmental
requirements must be considered.

A herb garden should be located in a protected area which is fully exposed to the
sunlight, and preferably in a well drained, sandy loam soil. A high fertility soil is not
necessary for herbs. In fact, most herbs produce more of the aromatic oils essential for flavor
and fragrance when they are grown in a low fertility soil.

Most common herbs are easily propagated by cuttings, division or seed.
Stem cuttings of seven to 10 cm, which have been taken from new growth, can be rooted
in sand or vermiculite. Herbs that must be propagated in this manner include: lavender,
rosemary and thyme. Tarragon and chives are propagated by division of the crown and bulbs,
respectively. Garlic is planted annually from sets. The annuals and biennials are generally
sown directly in the garden and they include: anise, sweet basil, borage, catnip, chervil, dill,
fennel, sweet marjoram, parsley, sage and summer savory. They should be planted at a depth
of at least twice the diameter of their seed in a deep, fine seedbed.

Herb gardens are relatively easy to maintain. Spraying is generally not necessary
because very few herbs are subject to any serious insect or disease problems and any
cultivation beyond weeding should be kept to a minimum to avoid damaging their

- (cont'd) -

y<llbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Mpdia Branch

Hi

-2-

Herb Gardening (cont'd)

root systems. Perennials that are to he overwintered should be mulched with straw to
protect their roots , but some of the tender types must be dug up and overwintered indoors.

Herbs can be used fresh or preserved by drying or freezing, and the leaves and
seeds are the parts most commonly used. The leaves should be harvested just before the flower
buds open, and the seeds should be harvested when they turn brown. Harvesting is best
done early in the morning, just after the dew has evaporated. At least two sets of leaves should
be left at the base of each stem to encourage the plant to continue growing.

Proper drying prolongs the storage life of herbs. If they are insufficiently dried,
they will lose their color and taste, and eventually become moldy. The leaves can be dried
by hanging the cut stalks upside down in any warm, dry, well ventilated area. When they
are thoroughly dry, they can be ground and stored in a glass or metal airtight container in a
dark place. Seeds can be dried on screens one layer deep. When dry, they should be separated
from the pods and sealed in containers and stored in a cool, dark place.

Additional information on herbs is contained in a federal publication entitled
"Growing Savory Herbs" (Agdex 263/20-1 ). It can be obtained from the Print Media Branch,
Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 5T6.

-30-

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 P^if^^ Media Branrh

May 23, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Director of Plant Industry Division Appointed 1

Federal Provincial Program Aids Alberta Food Processors 3

Hog Outlook 4

Rapeseed/Canola Outlook 5

Larnb Price Outlook 7

Honey Price Outlook and Situation 8

Measures to Counteract a Shortage of Forage 10

Soil and Spray Additives 12

Biological Control of Greenhouse Pests 14

Fertilizing Lawns 16

Home Vegetable Gardening in Alberta 17

J

ydbend

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-2121 Print Media Branch

I

May 23, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

DIRECTOR OF PLANT INDUSTRY DIVISION APPOINTED

H. M. Douglas, assistant deputy minister of production, has announced the
appointment of Dr. John Wiebe to the position of director of the plant industry division.
He replaces Bill Dent who was promoted to assistant deputy minister of field services upon the
retirement of Cy McAndrews and the subsequent reorganization of that area of responsibilities.

In his new position, Dr. Wiebe will be

responsible for the five branches within the division —

field crops, soils, crop protection, the tree nursery

and horticultural centre, and the Alberta Research

Center in Brooks. He will also be responsible for

a professional staff of 70 and a total staff of 160

who provide advisory, diagnostic, legislative and

research services to the whole agricultural community.

The plant industry division staff work closely with

other sections of Alberta Agriculture, the University

of Alberta, Agriculture Canada and a wide range of

Dr. John Wiebe

farm organizations. Director of Plant Industry Division

The director of the plant industry division is expected to ensure that farmers

are properly served by the department's staff and that the minister of agriculture is provided

with sound advice on issues that pertain to crop production. The director's role requires

both technology transfer and sound policy.

Dr. Wiebe was born southeast of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He received his

elementary schooling in Saskatoon and attended high school in Hepburn, Saskatchewan. His

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

2

-2-

Directorof Plant Industry Division Appointed (cont'd)

family moved to Ontario in 1943, and Dr. Wiebe later attended the University of Guelph,
then known as the Ontario Agricultural College. He graduated in 1951 with a B. S. A. in
horticulture. He then took his M. Sc. in horticulture, soils and plant breeding at Cornell
University, New York, U.S.A. and graduated in 1953.

After receiving his Ph. D. from the same university in 1955, Dr. Wiebe obtained a
position as a research officer at the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario, then known as
the Horticultural Experimental Station in Vineland. Here he was responsible for vegetable
breeding and cultural work until commercial vegetable production shifted to southwestern
Ontario at which time he worked on greenhouse crops and later on fruit crops.

From 1967 to 1969 he was lent to the United Nations' Food and Agricultural
Organization and served in Egypt on a vegetable project. Following this he returned to the
Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario where he remained until 1977 when he accepted
the directorship of the Alberta Horticultural Research Center. He was research manager and
administrator of the center until his present appointment.

-30 -

May 23, 1983 c
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FEDERAL PROVINCIAL PROGRAM AIDS ALBERTA FOOD PROCESSORS

Five rural Alberta food processing firms will receive a total of $325,446 under the
Canada-Alberta Subsidiary Agreement on Nutritive Processing Assistance.

Carvelle Foods of Spruce Grove will receive $191,829 to expand its burger patty
line, to add a new pork sandwich product line and to expand its office, storage and
maintenance areas. Total cost is estimated at $959,000 and 1 1 new jobs are expected to be
created.

St. Paul Beverages Ltd. of St. Paul, a soft drink bottler that has been in that town
for about 40 years, will receive $72,760 to upgrade its production lines and maintenance
and warehouse facilities. Total cost is estimated at $363,000 and 11 new jobs are expected
to be created.

The Shur Gain Division of Canada Packers Inc. will receive $43,239 to upgrade
its feedmill in Wetaskiwin by including steam rolled feed for dairy cattle. The cost is estimated
at $227,000 and one new job is expected to be created.

Champion Feed Services Ltd. of Westlock will receive $15,158 to install new
equipment and storage bins in its feedmill. The cost is estimated at $76,000.

Stony Plain Bakery Ltd. of Stony Plain will receive $2,460 to purchase a new
mixer and watermeter for its bakery, which does not use any additives or preservatives in
its products.

Since the Canada-Alberta Subsidiary Agreement on Nutritive Processing Assistance
was initiated in 1975, more than $20 million in assistance, equally funded by the two levels
of government, has gone to rural Alberta food processors.

Further information can be obtained from Dr. Jim Wiebe, Rural Development,
7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6 (Telephone, 4274287).

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

-30-

/Liberia

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 23, 1983 4
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HOG OUTLOOK

Canadian hog prices will trend upwards during the summer and then decline for
the balance of the year, according to Gordon Herrington who is with Alberta Agriculture's
market analysis branch.

In more specific terms, he says that 100 Index hog prices in Alberta are expected
to improve from their April May lows to the mid-$75 per hundredweight range in June,
and to remain in the low $70 per hundredweight range in the early part of the third quarter
before declining to the low $60 range by the end of the year.

Although the general economic indicators point to a recovery in a substantial
segment of the North American economy, which should translate into a stronger demand
for the red meats, particularly pork, this stronger demand could be absorbed by increased
production. The result would be that the economic recovery would have only a marginal
impact on prices and on their prospects for improvement.

Mr. Herrington reports that an increase in hog output will be a feature of the
remainder of 1983 and early 1984, but that the aggregate pork output for the whole year is
not expected to be significantly higher than it was in 1982. This is because of the relatively
smaller output in the first quarter, the approximate parity in the second quarter and the
moderate, but increasing, output during the third and fourth quarters.

U.S. inventory estimates suggest that the second quarter hog output will be almost
the same as that recorded in the second quarter of 1982. After that it is expected to increase
on an expanding scale, but the strength of this expansion phase may well be moderated by
rising feed costs and programs like PI K.

The above article is based on information that was available in April, 1983.

-30 -

/dibcrta

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 2 1 Print Media Branch

May 23, 1983

5

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

RAPESEED/CANOLA OUTLOOK

Only minor rallies are expected in Canadian rapeseed/canola prices between now
and late June.

However, Les Lyster, grain market economist with Alberta Agriculture, suggests
that these rallies should be used to sell any remaining old crop supplies. He expects prices
to drift lower later in the summer unless adverse weather conditions reduce the size of the
Canadian and American oilseed crops. He says country elevator and crusher bids will
probably be in the $260 to $270 per tonne range this fall. After that they are expected to
move higher into the winter of 1984.

From the beginning of the present crop year to April 13, Canadian rapeseed/
canola exports amounted to 881,000 tonnes or only 4 per cent below what they were in the
same period in the 1981-82 crop year. However, the export pace for the balance of this
crop year is expected to be below what it was in the corresponding period in 1981-82, and
total 1982-83 exports are projected to be about 1.2 million tonnes or 12 per cent lower than
they were in 1981-82.

The domestic disappearance (crush) of rapeseed/canola from the beginning of
the 1982-83 crop year until April 13 was 700,000 tonnes or only 3 per cent below what it
was in the previous crop year. However, the crush rate is expected to slow down during the
balance of the 1982-83 crop year as seed supplies dwindle and widespread crusher shutdowns
occur.

Mr. Lyster expects the 1982-83 crush to be around 800,000 tonnes or 15 per
cent below what it was a year ago, and carryover stocks to be tight at around 525,000 tonnes.
Much of the carryover will be No. 3 Canada or lower.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-2121

Ahexia

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

6

-1-

Rapeseed/Canola Outlook (cont'd)

However, Canada's rapeseed/canola acreage is expected to increase substantially
in 1983 compared with 1982. The Statistics Canada March Planting Intentions Report
indicates that farmers intend to plant 4.98 million acres of rapeseed/canola this year, which
would be 17.5 per cent above the 1982 acreage. But, since the survey was conducted before
the Canadian Wheat Board announced its initial payments, there is likely to be some switching
to rapeseed/canola from barley. In fact, Mr. Lyster thinks that this year's rapeseed/canola
acreage will be around 5.5 million acres, which would be 30 per cent above the 1982 acreage.
And it could be even higher if wheat seeding is delayed by adverse weather.

Given normal growing conditions this summer, Canada's rapeseed/canola crop is
expected to be around 2.75 million tonnes, which, when combined with this year's carryover,
would result in total 1983-84 supplies of nearly 3.3 million tonnes. Hence, 1983-84 supplies
would be 0.5 million tonnes above those of the current crop year.

Mr. Lyster points out that quotas during 1983-84 are expected to be favorable,
and rapeseed/canola will be more readily converted into cash than other crops.

He says world oilseed production during 1983-84 is most likely to be below the
current year's level, and that improving economic conditions are likely to bring about a

modest increase in the use of oilseeds. Hence, he expects world oilseed stocks to be drawn
down during 1983-84. .

The above article is based on information that was available in April, 1983.

-30-

May 23, 1983

7

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

LAMB PRICE OUTLOO K

Second quarter Canadian lamb prices are expected to be in the high $70 per
hundredweight range, and possibly to even reach $80 per hundredweight before tapering
off to the high $50 range in the third and early fourth quarters of this year.

However, Debbie Thorsen, a market economist with Alberta Agriculture's market
analysis branch, says that in Alberta we may have already seen this year's peak in April even
though lamb prices normally peak around the end of May. She also says that we may see
more lambs marketed in July and August than usual because of production changes
and held-over spring lambs. If this is the case, price declines can be expected earlier than in
the past, which would mean that they could bottom out in the September-October period,
and then rise again until the end of the year in response to a shortage in supply after the large
fall slaughter.

The American market from April to June is expected to be softer than it has been
as a large number of lambs are marketed, particularly in the southwestern United States
and the valleys of California.

Ms. Thorsen says, "The increase in both domestic slaughter and net imports of
lamb during the first quarter of 1983, compared with the year-earlier level, indicates that
Canadian consumption of this meat is on the increase and that markets are expanding".
She points out that producers are adjusting their production to meet this increasing demand
for lamb on a year-round basis, and that these adjustments will moderate the annual peaks
and valleys of both production and prices that have been experienced in the past.

The above article is based on information that was available in April. 1983.

-30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dlborra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 23, 1983

8

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HONEY PRICE OUTLOOK AND SITUATION

Canadian honey prices are expected to increase slightly in conjunction with the
increase in the American support price, but a further price improvement will depend upon
increased exports to Japan and the European Economic Community.

Fred Boyce, special commodities analysist with Alberta Agriculture's market
analysis branch, reports that the United States Department of Agriculture has announced an
increase of 4c per kg in its 1983 support price. This means that honey producers in that
country will receive an average loan and purchase rate of $1.37 (US) per kg for extracted
bulk honey in approved storage.

According to Mr. Boyce, weather conditions in the United States were not
favorable early this year for beekeepers and production may not reach last year's level.
And Argentina and China are also reported to have a lower yield potential this year.
Mr. Boyce says a reduction in honey production in these two major exporting countries
could result in an increase in world honey prices if the main importing nations have to bid
more aggressively for honey supplies this year.

He expects Canadian honey production to recover in 1983 from last year's low
level. He says generally favorable moisture conditions on the Prairies and larger clover and
canola acreages should improve yields, and that honey stocks have been brought down tc a
more manageable level. If the present strong export pace continues, old crop supplies are
expected to be very low when the new crops come in.

Mr. Boyce reports that last year's honey production in Alberta was nearly
22 per cent lower than it was in 1981 despite a 2 per cent increase in the number of colonies.

-(cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/diberra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

9

-2-

Honey Price Outlook and Situation (cont'd)

On a provincial basis, yields were down nearly 24 per cent with the average being only 46 kg
per colony compared with 55 kg in 1981 and 51 kg for the previous 10- year period.
Mr. Boyce says the honey producers in the Peace River region, where yields were only 55 per
cent of the previous five-year average period, recorded the lowest yields in the province as a
result of extrennely dry weather and a sharp reduction in clover and canola acreages.

Producer and wholesale prices for Alberta bulk honey have been mainly in the
range of $1.28 to $1.35 per kg since last fall. And a stong export demand has drawn down
available supplies, with the result that producer stocks are becoming limited.

The above article was based on information that was available in April, 1983.

- 30 -

May 23, 1983 1
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MEASURES TO COUNTERACT A SHORTAGE OF FORAGE

If you farm north of Red Deer, the chances are you will be short of pasture this
summer and short of forage next winter.

Ron Weisenburger, who is head of the nutrition section of Alberta Agriculture's
beef cattle and sheep branch, says that many pastures north of Red Deer did not receive
enough snow last winter or enough rain this spring to stimulate the early growth of perennial
forages. Since most of their growth occurs during May and June, a shortage of soil moisture
in the spring will reduce the amount of forage they produce even if mid-summer moisture
is adequate.

So what can you do? First, Mr, Weisenburger recommends making a preliminary
estimate of your pasture and hay production for this season. If you think you will be short
of either pasture or hay or both, you may want to:

• Consider confining your beef cows in a small part of your total pasture until

about the middle of June. By giving the remainder of the pasture an additional

month to grow, you can markedly increase the amount of forage it will produce

this season.

Mr. Weisenburger points out that it will be necessary to continue feeding cows
that are confined to a small area of the pasture. He says "As a general rule, they should
receive about the same amount of feed as they were receiving during the winter feeding
period". And he recommends substituting grain for some of the hay that was being fed
before the cows went on pasture, because, in most cases, it will be cheaper than feeding hay.
However, he does not recommend feeding a liquid protein supplement because spring forage

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Ahexia

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Measures to Counteract a Shortage of Forage (cont'd)

contains more than enough protein for cows. It is energy that is lacking where pasture growth
is short, and this requirennent can best be met by feeding some grain.

Mr. Weisenburger stresses that the breeding herd should be given priority
from the point of view of feed when pasture is short. "If its breeding performance
is impaired through a lack of nutrition, the result", he says, "will be fewer and later calves
next spring".

. •Fertilize your tame pasture if you receive a good rain mid-summer. You can
double the yield of tame grass pastures and tame land hay by fertilizing them
when moisture conditions are adequate.

• Graze your grass hay land if you must use some hay land for pasture this season
Whenever possible, leave the legume forage for hay because it provides a better
second cut than the grasses.

• Consider planting a cereal this spring for use as silage or greenfeed if you think
you will be short of forage next winter.

• And consider planting a cereal crop in mid-summer if you think you are going
to be short of pasture in the late summer and/or fall. These crops provide an
excellent source of late season forage.

- 30 -

May 23, 1983

12

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SOIL AND SPRAY ADDITIVES

The promotion of unlicensed soil and spray additives is on the increase.
So beware of nnisleading advertising and sales brochures!

Alberta Agriculture's district agriculturalist at Rimbey, Gordon Bacon, says when
government personnel ask for information on these unlicensed products, they seldom find
any valid test results, and that is probably the reason they are not licensed.

Wetting agents, surfactants and adjuvants or soaps are among the unlicensed soil
additives for which unfounded claims are often made. The promoters may claim that they
release "locked in" soil minerals, that they increase the soil's moisture infiltration and
moisture-holding capacity, that they improve soil tilth, etc.. However, even when such claims
have been based on experimental results, other researchers have not been able to duplicate
them.

According to Mr. Bacon, a recent study that was reported at the American Society
of Agronomy stated that: "In a series of replicated field trials over three years at
the University of Wisconsin, non-ionic, surfactant-type wetting agents were found to have
no positive effect as a soil additive on the yield, quality or nutrient content of the crops
grown".

And in an experiment carried out on seven soil additives at the federal research
station in Lethbridge, it was found that these products had no effect on grain or straw yields,
nor on any of the measured yield components of either stressed or unstressed wheat. "On
the basis of these results", says Mr. Bacon, "one cannot help being very sceptical about the
claims that are made for wetting agents".

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

13

-2-

Soil and Spray Additives (cont'd)

Mr. Bacon reports that claims made for enzymes are usually connected with
the release of nutrients from soil organic matter (mineralization). However, in practice, there
are two problems associated with the use of enzymes to speed up mineralization. One is that
there are many enzymes involved in the reaction sequence of the mineralization process, and
the other is that the enzymes are very quickly inactivated when added to the soil. "Even
if the rate of mineralization of organic matter could be increased by the use of enzymes",
says Mr. Bacon, "its desirability is very questionable. We should be more concerned about
maintaining the soil's organic matter level than about increasing its rate of mineralization".

Salesmen of surfactants often use testimonials to promote these products.
However, all too often the validity of the testimonials is questionable. Because many
herbicides have a surfactant included in their formulation to balance their performance and to
prevent crop injury, a surfactant should only be added to a product if its label recommends
such an addition, and then only the surfactant that is recommended should be added. The use
of a surfactant when it is not recommended or the use of the wrong one could change the
balance of the herbicide's formulation and result in poor weed control and/or serious crop
damage. . .

Mr. Bacon says the above comments are not intended to categorically condemn
soil and spray additivies, but rather to warn farmers to be cautious if they are asked to
buy an unlicensed product. "Remember", he says, "it is extremely unlikely that someone
would be selling a product that represents a scientific breakthrough without the rest of the
scientific community knowing about the product". • ■ •

-30 -

May 23, 1983 1
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF GREENHOUSE PESTS

Although the use of biological control agents to suppress pest populations is not
new, there has been an upsurge of interest in the idea during the last decade.

Marilyn Steiner, an entomologist at the Alberta Environmental Centre in Vegre-
ville, says this increase in interest is at least partly due to the failure of many chemical insecti-
cides to live up to their earlier promise of being a panacea for all pest problems. She points
out that the increasing problems with pest resistance to insecticides, escalating chemical costs
and environmental concerns have given new impetus to the research that is going on into alter-
native control methods. These methods include biological control and its integration into pest
management systems.

According to Ms. Steiner, Alberta cucumber growers have successfully used the
predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis during the past three years to control the two spotted
spider mite in their greenhouses. The predatory mites were provided by a firm called Applied
Bionomics of Sidney, British Columbia. This firm also supplies other types of predators and
parasites that will control a number of common greenhouse pests. With this in mind Ms.
Steiner approached the staff at the Muttart Conservatory in Edmonton in late 1980 and
asked them whether they would be interested in using biological control agents in
their tropical pavilion as part of a pilot project. Their response was an enthusiastic yes!

The project was concluded last summer with very encouraging results, but while
it was in progress Ms. Steiner monitored the conservatory plants every week to see how well
the parasites and predators she had introduced were doing and to make sure they did not get
out of control. She says that biological control agents must be introduced during a very
specific time to avoid damaging the plants before control is acheived. And she reports that as
a result of the introduction every month of predatory mites the spider-mite population in the
conservatory had been reduced to an almost non-detectible level by the end of the 18-month
monitoring period.

- (cont'd)

(403) 427-21 21

^Ibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

-2-

15

Biological Control Of Greenhouse Pests (cont'd)

Ms. Steiner says the white fly situation in the conservatory was similar to that of
the spider mite -- in other words there were plenty of them. However, after a tiny parastic
wasp had been introduced several times during the spring of 1981 and 1982, the white fly
situation had also been reduced to a negligible level. And the number of mealy-bugs, which at
one time posed a serious problem, has now been greatly reduced by the release into the green-
house of a predatory Australian ladybeetle and a tiny Brazilian wasp.

What was the situation when biological control began to replace chemical control
in the conservatory? Ms. Steiner says "There were a few surprises in the form of a number of
previously unnoticed and minor pest problems when chemical sprays were no longer used
routinely on the ornamental and tropical plants." She also says that there are a number of
other biological control agents being used in some well established crops, like citrus crops, but
that they have not yet been used in a conservatory .

She sums up the results that she has obtained from her pilot project in the Muttart
Conservatory as "very encouraging". And she points out that, despite the fact that chemical
spraying has been reduced to the occasional spot treatment of an individual plant pest, damage
to the plants is considerably less than it was before the biological control agents were intro-
duced. Ms. Steiner says that the Muttart Conservatory staff are continuing to use the biological
control methods that she introduced and that they could also be useful for large indoor
plantings as well as for hobby greenhouses.

-30-

May 23, 1983

16

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FERTILIZING LAWNS

Fertilizer is necessary to keep an established lawn healthy, green, and growing
well. "But," says Phil Dixon, district agriculturalist at Rocky Mountain House, "too much
fertilizer could mean too much growth and you will find yourself mowing your lawn con-
stantly."

When your established lawn first begins to grow in the spring, a good application
of nitrogen will get the lawn growing well. "Nitrogen," adds Mr. Dixon, "helps a plant grow
vegetatively, and this is exactly what you want."

The next application should be done during the first two weeks of July. This
second application will provide the lawn with enough nutrition to last the rest of the growing
season. Mr. Dixon adds, "Never apply fertilizer after August 15, or you could find your-
self with a winterkill problem because the grass was still growing when it should have been
hardening off for winter."

Mr. Dixon says, "Apply the fertilizer when the humidity is low and the turf dry.
This will avoid the problem of burning the grass. Apply water when you have the fertilizer
on the lawn, and soak the lawn quite well."

"We all know what happens when fertilizer is applied unevenly," Mr. Dixon
points out. "You end up with patchy growth and quite a mess. Using a fertilizer spreader,
apply the fertilizer in two directions at right angles to each other."

There are quite a few fertilizers available from garden shops and fertilizer dealers.
You can use 11-48-0 at 4.5 kg/100 m^ or 16-20-0 at 3 kg/100 m^, or 34-0-0 at
1.5 kg/100 m 2.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-2121

y^lbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 23, 1983 17
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HOME VEGETABLE GARDENING IN ALBERTA

A home gardener should know the growing habits of each vegetable so that he or
she can prevent the growth of one plant hindering that of its neighbor.

In the case of height, the main consideration is the shade cast by tall
plants. For example, lettuce that is planted between rows of corn will do well in hot weather,
but heat and light-loving plants like cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers should be planted well
away from corn. However, there are plants that will benefit from the shade and wind
protection that are provided by corn plants.

Since the roots of garden vegetables feed at varying soil depths, planting a shallow-
rooted crop like lettuce or spinach beside a vegetable with a deep root like carrots or parsnips
will eliminate severe competition for both moisture and nutrients.

Another thing that the home gardener should be aware of is that the roots of some
plants draw on moisture and nutrients from a considerable area. Tomatoes are an example
of such a plant. Few other vegetable plants can compete with their massive root system,
but corn on the other hand, has a very limited root system.

And two plant species that both require plenty of water and nutrients might be
ill-suited to being neighbors unless their roots feed at different depths. However, eggplants
and celery might be worth trying together, even though both demand a lot of water
and a lot of nitrogen because their roots do feed at different depths.

Some plants need full sun while others benefit from partial shade. Cabbage,
cauliflower, broccoli, lettuce and peas are a few of the crops which can tolerate some shade.

Many gardeners think that one crop must be gone before another can be planted.
However, a second crop can be introduced into the row or between two rows once the first

- (cont'd) -

y^lborra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

18

-2 -

Home Vegetable Gardening in Alberta (cont'd)

is off to a good start. If the timing is right, the second crop will not interfere with
the maturation of the first, which will be out of the way by the time the second one needs
space. Lettuce and cucumbers and corn and pumpkins or winter squash are good
examples of vegetables that may be planted in this way.

Anyone who is interested in this subject will find the vegetable compatibility
guide in Alberta Agriculture's new publication entitled "Home Vegetable Gardening in
Alberta" very interesting.

This publication also contains a great deal of other information on gardening.
In addition to the conventional aspects of gardening, it covers the culture of specific
vegetables, organic gardening, composting, salvaging vegetables from frost, storing vegetables,
fall seeding and container gardening.

"Home Vegetable Gardening in Alberta" (Agdex 250/20-3) can be obtained from
Alberta Agriculture's district offices or from the Print Media Branch, Alberta Agriculture,
7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

May 30, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Alberta Surface Rights Act, 1983 1

Forage Seed Market Outlook 4

Precautionary Measures For G'ean 5

1983 Feeders' Day Program 6

Forest Tent Caterpillar Forecast 9

Effective Grazing Distribution 10

Pesticides And Bees 12

1983 Alberta Women's Week 13

Insect Problems On Trees 15

Farmers Market Time In Alberta 17

Tips On Seeding A New Lawn 18

Container Gardening 20

Environmental Centre Holds Open House

Ahexa

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

May 30, 1983

1

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ALBERTA SURFACE RIGHTS ACT, 1983

LeRoy Fjordbotten, Alberta's minister of agriculture, has introduced Bill 60, the
Alberta Surface Rights Act, 1983, to the Alberta Legislature.

"With the changes being nnade to the existing Surface Rights Act, along with the
new concepts being introduced, we are in fact tabling a new Surface Rights Act, rather than a
series of amendments to the existing legislation," said Mr. Fjordbotten.

Several changes occur in the area of compensation, including revisions to lease
renewals and the introduction of required compensation from energy operators to land-
owners prior to the energy operators gaining access to an owner's land.

"Unfortunately," said Mr. Fjordbotten, "energy resource development often has
an impact on land used in agricultural production.

"These changes reflect concerns brought to the attention of the Legislature's
Select Committee on Surface Rights whose report is the base document for this legislation.

"However, surface rights is a very complex issue, and development of new surface
rights legislation has required a significant input from my colleagues in the Legislative Ass-
embly to balance the needs of both the agricultural and energy industries."

The changes will shift the responsibility for beginning negotiation upon the
renewal of a surface lease from the landowner to the energy operator. In addition, well site
leases entered into before 1972, and major power transmission line leases signed before 1977,
will now be renegotiable. If satisfactory agreements are not reached by June 1, 1985, these
cases may then be taken to the Surface Rights Board (SRB) for an order to vary compensa-
tion and other conditions.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

2

-2-

Alberta Surface Rights Act, 1983 (cont'd)

A mandatory "entry fee"has been introduced into this Bill. It will be a one-time
payment by an operator when he first seeks access to the surface of privately owned deeded
land, whether through a surface lease or a right-of-entry order. The fee will be in addition to
any compensation awarded by the SRB or inherent in a surface lease.

The entry fee has been set at $500 per acre, with the minimum payment being
$250 and the maximum $5,000 for each titled parcel.

Other changes in the area of compensation include a revised definition of land
value and give the SRB authority to ignore residual-reversionary rights. Energy operators
will also be required to prepay compensation prior to gaining access to deeded land under
a right-of-entry order. This payment will be 80 per cent of their most recent written offer
to landholders.

Other items deal with procedures for handling surface rights in the province.
The overall time frame for SRB procedures is being reduced in response to input from the
energy industry. Surface rights mediators, which were discussed as a possible means of
expediting cases before the SRB, will not be appointed.

A stronger link between the Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) and
the SRB will be forged. The responsibilities of both boards will remain about the same,
but the SRB will have access to the information inherent in ERCB decisions on such items
as site selection. This should also reduce the administrative impact on both the industry and
the landowner.

A number of concerns or subjects raised in the report of the Select Committee
have been set aside for further study. These include a library of surface rights agreements
and various aspects of site reclamation. Recommendations on seismic and geophysical

- (cont'd) -

-3-

3

Alberta Surface Rights Act, 1983 (cont'd)

activities are, in part, already dealt with under other programs and legislation. General
aspects of land use will be raised in the Land Use Hearings, soon to be held by the Environ-
mental Council of Alberta.

"Because of the nature of the issue, development of this legislation has taken
many months," said the minister.

"To the landowners and occupants, to the energy industry, I say thank you for
your comments and advice. The result is before you. Its intent is to ensure a continuing
balance and compromise between the two industries that are the basis of our province's
economic development and prosperity."

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

4

May 30, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FORAGE SEED MARKET OUTLOOK

The forage seed market has experienced a dramatic turn-around compared with
this time last year.

Fred Boyce, Alberta Agriculture's special commodities analyst, reports that low
production of most of the major forage seed crops, combined with generally small inventories
and a much greater demand, especially for legumes, has provided a strong boost to
prices.

He says the price increase is particularly noticeable for clover seed, which has more
than doubled since last fall for some types of clover. Grass seed prices have also improved
but not nearly as much as clover seed prices.

Forage seed production is expected to recover in 1983 from its poor showing
last year. And moisture conditions are generally favorable in most of the growing areas.
Mr. Boyce expects the acreage of forage seed crops that will be harvested this year
to rebound to a more normal level, especially in the case of clovers. He says little winterkill,
plus last year's increase in the clover acreage, should result in a much larger crop this year.

In summary, lower farm and dealer inventories for most of the forage seed crops
and a strong export demand are expected to provide the impetus that will be needed
to maintain currently favorable prices in the coming season.

-30 -

y^lbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-2 1 2 1 Print Media Branch

May 30, 1983

5

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES FOR GLEAN

Glean is an excellent new herbicide, but anyone who is considering using it should
first find out his soil type, its pH level and have a plan of the crops he intends to grow on the
treated land for the next three or four years.

This is the opinion of Alberta Agriculture's supervisor of weed control
and herbicides, Walter Yarish. He says that Glean, which was registered for use last year,
will control most of the serious broad-leaved weed species in both wheat and barley, but
that it is showing a higher residual level in soils that have a high pH value than had been
anticipated. While this characteristic is an added bonus for farmers who grow only wheat
and barley, it could cause problems for farmers whose cropping programs call for a cereal/
canola or a cereal/forage rotation because of possible damage to these crops.

Mr. Yarish says it was originally thought that Glean's residual activity would not
last more than a couple of years, but that recent tests have indicated that it may remain active
for three and even four years, depending upon weather conditions, the type of soil and its
pH level. However, the manufacturers of Glean stress that it does not accumulate in the
soil; it simply remains active at a very low concentration.

Because Glean can remain active in the soil for longer than had been anticipated,
several new precautionary measures have been added to this year's label. For example, the
label states that Glean should not be used on land where crop rotations other than wheat
and barley will be used; that farmers who intend to seed crops other than wheat or barley
on land that was treated with Glean last year should first have the soil tested to determine
the residual level; and that both wheat and barley can be recropped the year following treat-
ment on land that has a pH of 7 or less, but that only wheat should be recropped on land thai
has a pH level of higher than 7 because of potential injury to barley.

Phone: (403) 427 21 21

-30-

y^lbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

6

May 30, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

1983 FEEDERS' DAY PROGRAM

"Double Muscling in Cattle" is the title of one of 10 research subjects that will
be discussed at this year's Feeders' Day, scheduled to take place at the University of Alberta's
ranch at Kinsella on June 17.

In this presentation, Dr. Roy Berg, who will become dean of the Faculty
of Agriculture and Forestry in July of this year, will connpare the meat yield and the carcass
composition of double-muscled cattle with those of normal cattle. Double muscling is an
inherited characteristic which produces animals that yield a great deal more red meat than
normal cattle.

In his other presentation, Dr. Berg will update the performance results and the
progress in selection that has been achieved with the two lines of beef cattle that have been
developed at Kinsella by combining breeds into synthetic populations. Results will be
compared with a control group.

Those who attend Feeders' Day will see these and the double-muscled cattle during
a tour of the ranch.

Dr. Tarjei Tennessen's topic will be "The Behavior of Bulls — Is There Anything
To Worry About?". Research carried out at the University of Alberta and elsewhere has
shown that there are some advantages to raising bulls for beef as opposed to raising steers.
And Dr. Tennessen will deal with such things as whether bulls show more aggressive and
sexual behavior than steers; how they respond to handling and transportation; and the
precautions that must be taken when marketing them.

Dr. Gary Mathison will talk about "Feed Additives and Growth Promotants for
Beef Cattle". He will cover Ralgro, Synovex, Compudose, Rumensin and Bovatec.

(cont'd) -

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

7

-2-

1983 Feeders' Day Program (cont'd)

Dr. M. Makarechian's presentation is entitled "Studies on Reproduction in Beef
Cattle at Kinsella". He will outline the research that has been done to date on the
reproduction of both male and female cattle. And he will present preliminary results on
relationships that have been found to exist between scrotal circumference, libido score and
the natural service fertility of bulls; the effect of mating systems on conception rates; and
the effect that the presence of a teaser bull has on the reproductive performance of heifers
bred to calve at two years of age.

Dr. Bob Christopherson's topic will be "Winter Shelter for Cattle". He will talk

about the effect that winter weather has on the feed requirements of cattle and the benefits
that can be expected from different types of shelter.

Dr. John Kennelly will discuss "Maximizing Profit from Milk Production". He
will outline some of the important factors that are involved in maximizing the profitability of
a dairy enterprise when a decrease in the demand for milk and milk products results in smaller
quotas.

Dr. Willem Sauer's presentation, entitled "An Evaluation of Feedstuffs for Horses",
will cover some aspects of the University of Alberta's recent studies on horse feeds. At the
present time horse feed recommendations are usually based on extrapolated data that are
designed for cattle, sheep and even pigs.

Dr. Robert Hudson's presentation is entitled "Wapiti (Elk) on Farms — Turning
a Problem into a Solution". He will trace the seasonal cycle of these animals, explore
marketing opportunities and recommend practical range and management systems. The
Alberta government is showing an interest in permitting commercial game ranching and

- (cont'd) -

8

-3-

1983 Feeders' Day Program (cont'd)

farming, and the wapiti appears to be well suited to such an endeavour because of its
productivity and the very high market demand it enjoys.

Finally, Dr. Arthur Bailey will discuss "Brush Control on Rangelands - New
Developments". He will review the progress that has been made in the development of neAi
procedures, and he will emphasize the potential of prescribed burning for ranges and
pasture lands in Alberta.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

May 30, 1983

9

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR FORECAST

Residents of both central and northern Alberta can look forward to another
season of forest tent caterpillars, according to Dr. Ulf Soehngen who bases his prediction on
a report released by the Northern Forest Research Institute of Environment Canada
in Ednnonton. Dr. Soehngen is an entomologist with the Alberta Horticultural Research
Center in Brooks.

A survey of egg bands, carried out by the Northern Forest Research Institute
last October, showed that there would be moderate to heavy infestations of tent caterpillars
from Red Deer north to Fort McMurray and north of Peace River if hatching conditions were
favorable and there was no unexpected increase in diseases or parasites.

However, Dr. Soehngen says that only 42 per cent of the locations sampled last
fall are likely to experience severe defoliation compared with 68 last year. He feels that this
decline in the number of severe infestations could also mean a decline in the overall problem.

For people who are wondering whether they should try to control forest tent
caterpillars on individual trees in their yards or gardens, Dr. Soehnger says "Control measures
are indicated if a tree 3 m or less in height contains one egg band or 'nest' of caterpillars.
In the case of trees that have a trunk diameter of 7 cm or more, control measures should
only be initiated if there are 7 or more egg bands per tree".

The following chemicals may be used.

*Carbaryl WP 1 .25 - 1 .6 g/L

Diazinon EC 50g/100L

*Malathion EC 50g/100L

* Registered for use on fruit trees.

People in heavily infested areas might consider pooling their resources and hiring
an aerial applicator to spray the area because ground chemical applications are difficult when
there are a number of trees involved.

30-

y<llb6rra

Phone:(403)427-2121 AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

10

May 30, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

EFFECTIVE GRAZING DISTRIBUTION

To be effective a grazing distribution system must be a part of an overall grazing
management plan that includes a proper stocking rate.

Robert Hand, regional livestock supervisor with Alberta Agriculture, says the
goal of any grazing distribution system should be to use as many techniques as possible to
encourage livestock to uniformly graze the entire pasture.

Following are some of the techniques he suggests.

• Periodically relocating salt and minerals. When moved, they should be placed
within sight of the old location, and they should be placed up to half a mile away
from the watering facility to discourage the animals from hanging around that
area. Cattle usually go from the watering facility to graze, then to the salt, then
to graze again and then back to the water.

• Locating watering facilities in key positions. For maximum production
from dairy cows and pasture yearlings the distance of the water from the forage
should not be more than a quarter to a half a mile, but distances of up to a mile
are acceptable for beef cows with calves and for maintenance animals, providing
that the terrain is not to steep and rough. In high use grazing areas, the watering
facilities are sometimes closed off to encourage grazing elsewhere.

• Using fiv control eartags, oilers or dust bags in areas where flies interfere
with grazing. The oilers and dust bags should preferably be located in gateways
so that the livestock cannot avoid them. However, they can also be placed near
salt iicks and watering facilities. But, they should not be too close to the water
because they tend to hold the animals in the watering area for too long.

- (cont'd)

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Pr.nt Media Branch

11

-2-

Effective Grazing Distribution (cont'd)

• Rotating grazing. This technique necessitates dividing a large pasture into small
units which are then heavily grazed for three to six days. Ideally, each unit should
have a rest period of from 21 to 30 days. And the grazing pressure or the pasture
size should be adjusted to give a uniform clip after three to six days.

• Feeding grain to attract cattle to underutilized pasture areas. When this technique
is used the grain intake is usually restricted by hand feeding or by mixing the grain
with salt. Further information on grain feeding on pasture can be obtained from
Alberta Agricultures's publication, "Supplemental Feeding of Yearlings on
Pasture" (Agdex 420/56-1 ), which is available from the print media branch.

•Clipping the pasture to remove unpalatable mature stems and heads when these
are present. Regrowth will be encouraged and the animals will graze the
new growth more evenly.

• Fertilizing the pasture to increase its productivity. Studies have shown that cattle
return to graze fertilized grass more frequently than they do to unfertilized grass.
A heavy application of manure on an overgrazed area will keep cattle away for
a time and supply the grass with much needed nutrients.

• Removing weeds and brush to improve the grazing distribution in pastures where
the quality of forage in some areas is being reduced by weeds and/or brush.

- 30 -

May 30, 1983

12

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PESTICIDES AND BEES

"All beekeepers should keep in close touch with local farmers, their municipal
officials and pesticide applicators during the spraying season", says Alberta Agriculture's
supervisor of apiculture, Donald MacDonald.

He strongly advises beekeepers to provide their local agricultural fieldman and
aerial applicators with information on the location of their bee hives, and, ideally, with a map
that shows their exact location. "This", he says, "will enable those involved in spraying
programs to keep the beekeeper informed of pending spraying operations".

Bees can be confined to their hives during and after spraying by blocking the
entrances with wet burlap. And it is a good idea to add another super with a frame feeder
containing water so that the bees have room to cluster. Iv it is necessary to confine them
for more than a day, the entrances to the hives should be opened in the evening after the
bees have stopped flying and closed again the following morning before they start flying.
When the weather is hot and the hives are strong, the bees should be provided with plenty
of water inside the hive and a screen should be put across the entrance and across the top
of the hive to provide ventilation.

Mr. MacDonald says, as a general rule, if a crop is sprayed in the evening, the bees
should be confined to their hives until noon the following day.

Another thing to remember is that some insecticides are more harmful than others
to bees. For example, Dipel, a biological insecticide used to control caterpillars is harmless
to bees, and malathion, because it degrades very fast, will do little harm if the bees are
confined for a few hours. However, dimethoate is much more persistent, and, consequently,
much more of a threat.

According to Mr. MacDonald, Alberta Agriculture is continuing to test a number
of recently developed insecticides which are believed to be harmless to bees.

y<llbc3ria

AGRICULTURE

Phone; (403) 427-21 21 Pnnt Media Branch

13

May 30, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

1983 ALBERTA WOMEN'S WEEK

CBC Radio's well known consumer connnnentator, Ethel Marliss, and the managing
editor of "Farm Wife News", Ruth Benedict, will be the featured speakers at this year's
Alberta Women's Week, scheduled to take place at Olds College, Olds, from July 18 - 21.

In keeping with the theme of Alberta Women's Week, "Lean Years — Learning
Years", Ethel Marliss will draw on her familiarity with the plight of today's consumer in her
opening address and on her knowledge of available resources to suggest ways of adjusting
lifestyles to today's economic times.

Throughout her long career, Ethel Marliss has been a friend to the consumer.
In addition to her present positions of consumer commentator in Edmonton for CBC Radio
and consumer columnist with the Edmonton Sun, she has held positions on the First Advisory
Committee of Consumers and the Women's Regional Advisory Committee to the Wartime
Prices Board. She is a charter member of the Consumers' Association of Canada and has
been an executive officer and president of the Alberta branch. She also holds honorary
memberships in the Delta Kappa Gamma Society and the Alberta Home Economics
Association.

As managing editor of the American magazine, "Farm Wife News", Ruth Benedict
has traced the evolving role of both American and Canadian farm and ranch women, and
she will use this knowledge and experience to relate how women can tap their inner resources
to make financially difficult times a positive learning experience.

Prior to joining "Farm Wife News", which has 330,000 subscribers, she spent
three-and-a-half years as a regional correspondent for several daily newspapers in

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

14

-2-

1983 Alberta Women's Week (cont'd)

New York State, and has edited three craft and four rural lifestyle books. She has also won
several feature writing awards.

Many of the select-a-session topics on this year's progrann will also focus on "Lean
Years — Learning Years". Their titles are "Nutrition in Paperback — Fact or Fiction";
"A Byte of the Basics — Computers Come Home"; "Investing in Dressing"; "Career Planning --
What It's All About"; "Home Vegetable Gardening in Alberta"; "Food Preservation — How
To Get Started -- How To Get Better"; "Discover and Promote a Positive Rural
Lifestyle " (Ruth Benedict); "Wills and Estates"; "Use Your Skills to Lower Your Bills";
"Make the Most of Your Small Appliances"; "Beat the High Cost of Christmas"; "Financial
Planning for Women"; "Home Energy Workshop"; and "Powder Puff Newborn Livestock
Care".

Each participant in Alberta Women's Week can choose four select-a-sessions out

of the 14.

This year's registration fee is only $15 per adult. The fee for children is $30
per child or $50 for two or more children, and there is a child care service available. Room
and board at the college will cost $92 per adult and $46 per child. Meals are available for
participants who do not stay at the college at a cost of $4 for breakfast, $5.30 for lunch and
$6.50 for dinner. ■'

And in addition to exhibits and displays, there will be an early bird draw for thoj.e
whose 1983 Alberta Women's Week registrations are post marked before June 20. The
registrat. on deadline is June 27.

Further information on the program, accommodation, etc. can be obtained from
Karen Hoover, home economics branch, Westlock - 349-4465 and from Helen Raynard, home
economics branch, Edmonton - 436-9380.

- 30 -

May 30, 1983

15

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

INSECT PROBLEMS ON TREES

Have you checked your trees lately? You may not be a tree expert, but, with
a little careful observation, you can usually get a pretty good idea whether you have an insect
problem.

Insect damage to leaves can appear as pieces missing out of the leaves, yellow
blotches on the leaves, snake-like channels in the leaves, or leaves tied together in tiers or
just very wrinkled leaves, and swellings on the leaves or their stems.

In the case of conifers, an insect attack is often indicated by the presence of
small white oval spots, white wool between the needles, a network of fine cobwebs
and swollen branch tips.

The sudden wilting and death of all or most of the leaves on a deciduous tree
may be caused by winter injury or by die-back disease. In conifers winter injury shows
up in the spring in the form of brown needles.

The yellowing of all or most of the leaves on a deciduous tree may indicate a
nutritional deficiency, while yellow or brown, small or large irregular blotches may indicate
spray injury.

Galls on the trunks or branches of a tree can indicate either an insect or a disease
problem. And sawdust coming from small holes in the trunk is an indication that borers
' are at work.

Glen Werner, district agriculturist at Stettler, says the following are some common
insects to watch for at this time of year:

• Aphids. Often called plant lice, they suck the sap out of the leaves. Discolored
spots, usually on the undersides of the leaves, are the first sign of attack. Rolled
leaves and the sticky honeydew given off by these insects are other sinns.

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

- (cont'd) -

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

16

-2-

Insect Problems on Trees (cont'd)

• Birch leaf miner. These insects leave small pale green areas on the leaves of birch
trees in early June. As they continue to feed, the spots gradually turn brown
and destroy the leaf.

• Forest tent caterpillar. These insects, which are present in late May and in June,
eat the leaves of deciduous trees. They are particularly partial to aspen and
poplar leaves.

• Spruce spider mite. These insects cause the needles of spruce trees to turn a
dingy yellow or brownish color before they dry up and drop off. The
discoloration usually begins in the lower branches near the trunk. Fine webs
on the undersides of the branches and a dark, dusty appearance are signs of
spruce spider mites.

• Yellow-headed spruce sawfly. The larvae of this insect eat the needles of
conifers, and they are active from late May until about the middle of June. The
larvae are green and have a brown-yellow head. The damage usually goes unnoticed
until the trees start to look brown, by which time there is little that can be done.

- 30 -

17

May 30, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FARMERS MARKET TIME IN ALBERTA

The opening of farmers' markets is a sure sign of spring in Alberta.

This spring and summer nearly 100 farmers' markets all the way from
Pincher Creek in the south to Fort McMurray in the north will be selling fresh local garden
produce. And, if you have never visited a farmers' market before, you will be surprised at
the quality and variety of products.

As Debbie Brekke, district home economist at Airdrie, points out, each market
is different and products being sold can even vary from one week to the next. Although
most markets specialize in home-grown fruits and vegetables, there are usually lots of other
things as well. They include fresh eggs, honey, local craft items, house plants, delicious home-
baking products, etc..

' For anyone who is on holiday and visiting a new area, there is no better place
than the local farmers' market to find out about the community", says Ms. Brekke. "And
there is always someone around to chat with, exchange news with and to have a coffee with".

Sunny, the girl with the hat, hoe and basket of vegetables, is the symbol
of farmers' markets in Alberta. When you see her, you know that a farmers' market is not
very far away.

If you would like to know more about farmers' markets, ask you district home
economist or district agriculturist for the 1983-84 farmers' market calendar. It lists all the
markets in the province, gives their locations, tells when each opens and closes for the season
and gives the days and hours that each is in operation. It also tells the product that is featured
each month and it gives the dates of all the Christmas markets. And every month it features a
delicious recipe!

Phone: (403) 427-2121

-30-

y<llb6ria

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

18

May 30, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

TIPS ON SEEDING A NEW LAWN

The last few years have seen a lot of new honneowners obtain an "instant" lawn
by using sod, but this trend may be changing.

In fact, the current recession may see a lot of people going back to the
old way of establishing a lawn, which, according to Phil Dixon, is, in addition to being more
economical, much more gratifying. Mr. Dixon is district agriculturalist at Rocky Mountain
House.

He says the most important things for people who plan to grow their own lawns
to remember is to use the proper seed and to sow it at the proper depth. He recommends
using a grass mixture containing 50 per cent Kentucky bluegrass and 50 per cent creeping
red fescue at a rate of 2.5 kg/100 m (5 pounds/1000 square feet) where moisture is not
a problem and the lawn will be in a sunny location. Where moisture is not a problem and the
lawn will be in a shady location, he recommends using 25 per cent rough stalked bluegrass
and 75 per cent creeping red fescue at a rate of 2.5 kg/1 00 m .

When shopping for Kentucky bluegrass look for the cultivars Nugget, Sydsport,
Baron or Fylking, he says. Dawson and Boreal are both good creeping red fescue cultivars.

In the drier areas of the province, where supplementary water is not available,
Mr. Dixon recommends using either the Fairway variety of crested wheatgrass at a rate of
3 kg/100 m or Russian wild rye at the rate of 5.5 kg/100 m .

What is the best time to plant a lawn? June is the best time, according
to Mr. Dixon, but a new lawn can be planted anytime between May 15 and September 1.
June is considered to be the best month because it has the best soil and moisture conditions.

(cont'd)

/diborra

Phone:(403)427-2121 o -^G^'CULTURE

Print Media Branch

19

-2-

Tips on Seeding a New Lawn (cont'd)

The next thing to remember is that the seedbed should contain at least 15 cm
of good top soil that has been well worked, is fertile and free of weeds. "Don't
try to establish a new lawn on anything less than 15 cm of good top soil", says Mr. Dixon,
"or you will have problems in a few years time".

Since it is very difficult to get weed-free top soil, the best thing to do is to induce
the weeds to grow by watering the soil, and then cultivate them out or destroy them with
a herbicide.

Mr. Dixon also strongly recommends incorporating a high phosphate fertilizer
such as 1 1-48-0 at the rate of 4.5 kg/100 m into the soil before seeding a lawn. And he says
proper seeding is very important. In fact, a poor seeding job will be evident for years to come.

For best results, he suggests, dividing the seed into two equal parts and sowing
one half in one direction and the other half in the opposite direction. He says it is worth
renting a calibrated broadcaster for this job because it spreads the seed so evenly. It can be

rented from most garden centres.

After the lawn has been seeded, use a light fan-type rake to cover the seed and roll
the soil with a lawn roller. At this point many people spread a thin layer of peat moss over
the soil to get an even germination by keeping the seed and the soil moist.

"The seedbed must be kept moist", says Mr. Dixon, "until the lawn becomes
established".

-30-

May 30, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

20

CONTAINER GARDENING

Clay and plastic pots, old pails, bushel baskets and even wooden boxes can all
be used for containers. Wooden boxes should be lined with plastic that has a few holes in it
to permit excess water to drain away. The size and number of containers will vary with the
type of plants to be grown and the availability of space.

Fifteen cm (6 in.) pots are satisfactory for chives and similar plants, while 25 cm
(10 in.) pots will be needed for miniature tomatoes, radishes, etc. Large plants like standard-
sized tomatoes can be grown in baskets or pails. The containers should have good drainage,
which can be provided by placing a layer of gravel or broken pieces of clay pot in the bottom
of the container or by drilling holes along the sides of containers that do not have drainage
holes.

An artificial soil is recommended for vegetables that are grown in a container
from seed because it is disease and weed-free. Artificial soil can be bought at many seed
and garden stores or it can be prepared at home. Home preparation entails thoroughly mixing
36 L (one bushel) each of peat moss and vermiculite, 0.45 kg (1 lb.) of dolomitic limestone,
1 12 g (% lb.) of 20 per cent superphosphate and 225 g (0.5 lb.) of a 5-10-5 fertilizer.

Most vegetables require full sunlight, but, as a general rule, leafy vegetables can
tolerate more shade than either root or fruiting vegetables, and root vegetables can tolerate
more shade than the fruiting types.

Container-grown plants require plenty of water and regular fertilizing with a
water-soluble fertilizer at three-week intervals after they have been transplanted. They should
be thoroughly watered and the fertilizer applied one to two hours later. Never apply
a fertilizer when the soil is dry.

Additional information of this subject and information on many topics related
to planting and harvesting a home garden are contained in the publication "Home Vegetable
Gardening in Alberta" (Agdex 250/20-3). It can be obtained from district agriculturists and
the Print Media Branch, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 5T6.

/dibcria

- 30 -

Phone:14031427-2121 p.

' Print Media Branch

1

21

May 30, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ENVIRONMENTAL CENTRE HOLDS OPEN HOUSE

The Alberta Environmental Centre in Vegreville will hold an "open
house" fronn 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. on June 10.

The research projects that will be of particular interest to farmers will
be those dealing with plant diseases, weed control, herbicide testing and livestock
and crop insect monitoring and control as well as the one on "problem" wildlife.

There will also be demonstrations and displays on animal science re-
search projects and on the environmental analysis of water and air.

For further information on the "open house", which is free and open
to anyone who would like to attend, contact Jim Bradley at 632-6767.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-2121

y^lbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

June 6, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Processed Alfalfa Outlook 1

New Location For Farnn Safety Program 2

Reducing Pasture Bloat 3

No Chalkbrood In Leafcutting Bee Cocoons 6

Test Results Of Sprayer Monitor And Controller Models 7

The Use Of Insecticide Eartags And Growth Implants Recommended 9

The Addition Of Oil Concentration Recommended For Basagran 10

Provincial Winners Of World Food Day Essay Competition Announced 11

Silo Gas 13

European Corn Borer Survey Results 16

Alberta 4-H Participates In Universiade '83 17

Trade Director Appointed 18

Supervisor Of Seed Technology Appointed 19

/diberia

AGRICULTURE

Phone:(403)427-2121 Print Media Branch

1

June 6, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PROCESSED ALFALFA OUTLOOK

The current outlook for Western Canada's processed alfalfa industry is cienerally
favorable, according to Fred Boyce, special commodities analyst with Alberta Agriculture's
market analysis branch.

He reports that the export demand and prices for processed alfalfa products have
been very good thus far in 1983, and that Western Canada stocks are very low. In
fact, most plants will have very little or no carryover from the current crop year.

Mr. Boyce also says, that, in view of the generally favorable moisture conditions
that have prevailed across the Prairies, first cut alfalfa yields should be much better than they
were last year. These higher yields, plus stable to an increased acreage, will mean a bigger
supply of alfalfa products being available for both the domestic and export markets.

"Our major competitor, the U.S.". says Mr. Boyce, "will probably match or
exceed last year's output". Most areas in the United States indicate ample moisture reserves,
which will aid yields, but the first cut will be later than usual because of cold, wet spring
weather throughout the main producing states. Mr. Boyce says the fact that U.S. carryover
supplies of processed alfalfa will be minimal should help to maintain currently favorable
prices.

Barring any significant reduction in feed requirements by European, Japanese and
other Pacific Rim feed manufacturers, Canadian exports should remain strong throughout
the new crop year. Mr. Boyce reports that a decrease in the production of alfalfa and leaf
meal pellets in New Zealand and China has limited the manufacturers' sources of forage
supplies. However, the dominance of Japan in the international processed alfalfa trade makes
price forecasting very difficult because the buying policies and strategies of countries like

- (cont'd) -

y^lbcrra

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

2

-2-

Processed Alfalfa Outlook (cont'd)

Japan have a significant effect on prices.

The Japanese requirements for alfalfa meal pellets of around 25,000 tonnes
per month will absorb most of the exportable supplies in both Canada and the United States.
And less competition for that market by other countries should ensure stable and relatively
favorable prices for Canadian and American processed alfalfa products in the 1983-84 crop
year.

-30-

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

NEW LOCATION FOR FARM SAFETY PROGRAM

The Farm Safety Program, which was previously administered by both Alberta
Agriculture and Alberta Workers Health, Safety and Compensation, is now under the sole
jurisdiction of Alberta Agriculture and is located at 7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton, Alberta,
T6H 5T6. The new telephone number is 427-21 86.

-30- .

June 6, 1983

3

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

REDUCING PASTURE BLOAT

Pasture bloat is responsible for losses to Canada's livestock industry of from $10
to $1 1 million each year.

And, according to Dale Engstrom, ruminant nutritionist with Alberta Agriculture,
a survey conducted by the department some years ago showed that bloat occurred on 40 per
cent of livestock farms in the province, and that 84 per cent of the cases occurred on legume
pastures. He says this type of bloat is most frequently seen in the spring and early summer
when pastures are lush and growing rapidly and when legumes make up 50 per cent or more of
the total forage. He adds that bloat has also been observed in cattle grazing on wheat pastures.

Research has shown that a number of chemical compounds are released from
plant cells during normal digestion in the rumen (only animals which have a rumen are sub-
ject to bloating). And among them are some foam- forming compounds which have the ability
to trap the gases that are released during the digestive process. Since the foam cannot escape
from the rumen, the internal pressure builds up to the point where it can cause respiratory
failure and death.

However, the presence of foam- forming compounds does not always cause bloat.
Mr. Engstrom says that tannins and lipids, which are present in such non-bloat-causing legumes
as sainfoin, inhibit the production of foam as does mucin, which is present in an animal's
saliva.

Why is it that young, lush legume plants often cause bloat when the same plants
in a mature stage of growth are safe to graze? The answer is that as the plants mature, their
protein content is reduced and their lignin (indigestible carbohydrates) content is increased.
A reduction in protein means a reduction in the foam-causing agents and an increase in lignin
means a decrease in the rate of cell wall breakdown. And lignin stimulates an animal's saliva

- (cont'd) -

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

- 2-

4

Reducing Pasture Bloat (cont'd)

production, which also helps to reduce bloating. Then, because mature forage is less digestible
than innmature forage, it produces less gas. Ironically though, the very factors that create the
bloat hazard also make legumes such a nutritious feed.

What can be done to prevent pasture bloat?

Mr. Engstrom says the following pasture management practices will help to
prevent it. - .

• Be careful of "high-risk pastures that:

contain more than 50 per cent legume
have been recently touched by frost
are wet from either rain or dew
are in the lush, pre-bloom stage of growth.

• Do not turn hungry animals on to a "high-risk" pasture

• Use strip or rotational grazing to avoid the selective grazing of legumes in a
mixed stand. Sheep, which can be more selective than cattle, can be so
choosy that they will eat the leaves of the plants they are grazing and leave

the stems. One way to prevent selective grazing is to feed freshly chopped
forage in a dry lot. . •

• Feed dry forage at the same time that the animals are being grazed or each
day before they are turned on to the pasture. Such an approach could be
useful for sheep and dairy cattle that are confined at night.

• See that the animals have continuous access to salt, minerals and water.
Mr. Engstrom says the following animal management procedures have been

reasonably effective in preventing bloat.

■"■ ' - (cont'd) -

-3-

5

Reducing Pasture Bloat (cont'd)

The first is to start feeding Bloat Guard in the grain two weeks before there is
likely to be a bloat hazard. It should be nnixed with the grain and fed at the rate of 4 to 8 g
per 100 kg of bodyweight per day. Since it will only protect the animals against bloat for
about 12 hours, it is better to feed the Bloat Guard in two feedings. Mixing Bloat Guard with
salt or water is not as effective as feeding it with grain because a regular intake on the part of
the animals is not assured.

An alternative to the use of Bloat Guard is to feed a non-toxic vegetable or
mineral oil at the rate of 25 to 50 mL per 100 kg of bodyweight per day. This can be done
by orally dosing the animals twice a day or by adding a sufficient amount of it to their drink-
ing water to make a 2 per cent solution.

Still another alternative is to mix a laundry detergent, preferably Tide, with
grain at the rate of 4 to 8 g per head per day for cattle and at the rate of one to 2 g per head
per day for sheep.

Of the three alternatives listed above, Mr. Engstrom says Bloat Guard is the most

reliable.

Because a case of bloat requires immediate treatment, the supervision should be
increased of livestock that are in a pasture that could cause bloat.

Mr. Engstrom says the unpredictability of bloat makes it difficult to recommend
management practices that will consistently prevent it, and even though the practices recom-
mended above can reduce the risk of bloat, its total elimination in a legume pasture is very
unlikely. He suggests that both cattle and sheepmen consult their veterinarian regarding the
diagnosis and emergency treatment of bloat before it occurs.

- 30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

A\\xx\o

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

6

June 6, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

NO CHALKBROQD IN LEAFCUTTING BEE COCOONS

There is no chalkbrood in Western Canada's leafcutting bee cocoons, according to
a survey carried out by Agriculture Canada's research station at Beaverlodge.

A total of 1 19 cocoon sannples were collected in the survey which was carried out
in all the Western Provinces by Dr. Daphne Fairey, Don Nelson and John Lieverse. The
cocoons were screened for chalkbrood at the Biosystematic Research Institute in Ottawa,
Ontario.

Dr. Fairey reports that an analysis of the cocoons indicated that there was a high
correlation between the presence of nnold and a chalkbrood-like fungi. And she says that the
practice presently being followed by most leafcutting bee producers of discarding moldy cells
appears to be a useful preventative measure and should be continued.

She also says that there is no effective control for chalkbrood in leafcutting bees,
and that it is prevalent in most of the seed growing areas of the western United States where
it results in heavy bee losses. The U.S. is one of Canada's largest buyers of leafcutting bee
cocoons and the incidence and consequent spread of chalkbrood poses a threat to our domes-
tic and international markets for both alfalfa seed and leafcutting bee cocoons.

Further information can be obtained from district agriculturists, leafcutting bee
associations and the Alfalfa Seed Producers' Association.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Ahexia

I inch

June 6, 1983 7
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

TEST RESULTS OF SPRAYER MONITOR AND CONTROLLER MODELS

The test results for one sprayer monitor model and two sprayer monitor and
control models that have been tested by the Agricultural Machinery Institute in Lethbridge
(RAMI) show that all three improve spraying performance, but that each has its strong and
weak points.

The BEE Model 7603 sprayer monitor is the simplest and least expensive of the
three. It simply provides the operator with a digital readout of the application rate, which
according to PAMI's engineering technologist, Brian Storozynsky, is really all he ndeds. With
this information he can manually adjust his spraying pressure or forward speed to maintain
a constant application rate.

The Raven SCS 400 model shows the application rate like the BEE model and has
the added convenience of being able to automatically control and maintain a chosen applica-
tion rate. However, according to Mr. Storozynsky, this automatic feature is considered to be
of less importance than a simple monitor because of the narrow range of forward speeds over
which the spraying rate can be effectively controlled automatically and because of the large
and rapid pressure changes that occur over this narrow range of forward speeds.

The SED model, like the Raven, can program the sprayer application rate into the
console and automatically control it. However, it provides such additional information as the
forward speed, the total area sprayed, the working rate and the total fluid pumped. Since it is
made up of three separate consoles, it can be used as a simple monitor like the BEE model or
it can be programmed to perform as an automatic control system like the Raven.

- (cont'd) -

Ahexio

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

-2

Test Results Of Sprayer Monitor And Controller Models (cont'd)

"Vi/hen choosing between the three models, a farmer would have to decide if the
convenience of a controller compared with a monitor is worth the extra cost," Mr. Storo-
zynsky says.

Ed Wiens, who is the manager and senior engineer at the Lethbridge testing station,
points out that no monitor or controller will do a good job of spraying unless the operator uses
the right nozzles for the chemical being applied and unless he operates them at the right
pressure and at the right forward speed.

Complete reports on the monitor and controller models described above can be
obtained in Alberta from RAMI, c/o LCC Campus, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1 K 1 L6 (Telephone:
329-1212).

- 30 -

June 6, 1983

9

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THE USE OF INSECTICIDE EARTAGS AND
GROWTH IMPLANTS RECOMMENDED

Cattle producers grazing yearlings or cows and calves on pasture this summer
should consider using insecticide-impregnated eartags and growth implants to improve their
gains and net returns.

This advice comes from Dwight Karren. coordinator of Alberta Agriculture's
Preconditioned Feeder Program. He reports that preliminary results from a recently com-
pleted Farming For the Future on-farm demonstration trial, carried out on the farm of Dave
Carlyle at Blackfaids, indicate that Bovaid eartags im.proved gains in yearling steers by 10.6 per
cent and net returns by $13.55 per steer. Calf gains were improved by 17.3 per cent and net
returns by $50.44 per calf.

Mr. Karren says the same trial also indicated that yearling steers implanted once
at the beginning of the grazing period gained faster than yearlings not implanted. The
Synovax-S implants increased gains by 15.1 per cent and net returns by $21.80, while the
Ralgro implants increased gains by 10.1 per cent and net returns by $13.70.

A recently published summary of the use of implants on Alberta calves indicates
that cattlemen can expect calf gains to increase by approximately 5 per cent if they use
Ralgro implants. And, depending upon calf gains, calf prices and the actual magnitude of
improvement in calf gains, net returns can be increased by approximately $10 per calf.

Hence, it would appear that cattle producers could improve their net returns by
as much as $30-$60 per calf or yearling if they used insecticide-impregnated eartags and
growth implants.

-30-

Phone; (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRIf 'RE
Print Medi. \^

10

June 6, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THE ADDITION OF 01 L CONCENTRATE RECOMMENDED
FOR BASAGRAN

BASF, the manufacturer of Basagran, is recommending that Assist Oil Concentrate
be added to Basagran at the rate of one per cent of the total spray volume (1 L per 100 L of
spray solution).

Basagran is registered for use on lima beans, dry and snap beans, field and sweet
corn, peas, fababeans, soybeans and flax. And Assist is a product that contains 83 per cent
mineral oil and 17 per cent of a surfactant blend. It is the latter component that enables the
oil to mix with the water.

Rudy Esau, weed control specialist at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center
at Brooks, says that according to BASF, Assist acts as a spreader and sticker. It also increases
Basagran's rate of penetration by helping to dissolve the waxy cuticle layer on the leaves. And
it reduces the evaporation rate of the spray solution, thereby increasing the absorption period.

However, at high temperatures (28° C+) and high levels of humidity (80%+), the
potential for crop injury increases. Under such conditions, BASF recommends that a rate of
0.5 per cent of Assist per 100 L of spray solution be used.

Mr. Esau points out that Basagran should not be applied to peas that are in the
cotyledon stage. It should only be used when they are in the three-node stage or when they
have three pairs of leaves. And Assist should not be used on peas. However, Citowett Plus,

which performs essentially the same functions, can be used in conjunction with Basagran on
peas.

-30-

(403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

■ '^ULTURE

Pri[; Branch

June 6, 1983

11

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PROVINCIAL WINNERS OF WORLD FOOD DAY ESSAY
COMPETITION ANNOUNCED

Myrna Brown of Grande Prairie and Lori Niedemeier of Calgary are the provincial
winners of the English and French sections respectively of the World Food Day Essay Compet-
ition.

Ms. Brown attends the Grande Prairie Composite High School and Mile Nieder-
meier attends Bishop Grandin High School in Calgary. Their essays were entitled "My Solu-
tion to World Hunger".

Ms. Brown points out in her essay that there are no simple solutions to the world
food problem, and that we must give up looking for them. Instead, she says we must use the
solutions that are available and try to maximize their advantages, while minimizing the diff-
iculties. She suggests doing this through communication and the cooperation of everyone
concerned. She also points out that an understanding of the individual needs of each country

is essential if a solution to the problem is to be accomplished. In other words, the solution
must be custom made to fit the idiosyncrasies of the culture involved. She ends her essay
by saying that the world food problem will not go away. It must be tackled if the economic
health of the world is to improve.

Mile Niedermeier notes three key requirements for solving the world food problem.
She ssys a well defined national purpose and supportive structures are necessary to satisfy
people's needs plus the wise and proper use of natural resources. And people need education
and the opportunity for training if they are to be able to participate in and contribute to the
resolution of this problem.

Ms. Brown and Mile Niedermeier will each receive $200 and their essays will auto-
matically be entered in the national competition, which will be judged on October 16, 1933.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AhexiQ

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

12

Provincial Winners Of World Food Day Essay Connpetition Announced (cont'd)

Should they win the national grand prize they would receive an additional $500 each and an
opportunity to visit Canadian institutions that are involved in helping solve the world food
problenn.

Members of both the provincial and national judging panels were chosen from
among representatives of educational institutions, governments, the news media and private
and voluntary organizations. The provincial essays were judged on the basis of originality,
knowledge of the subject being discussed, clarity of expression and grammatical accuracy. The
same criteria apply to the national competition.

The contest was open to all high schools across Canada, but not more than 20
essays were to be submitted by any one school. The essays could be in either English or
French and they were not to exceed 1 ,000 words.

The World Food Day Essay Competition grew out of World Food Day, which was
initiated in October of 1981 and is held on that date each year by the United Nations' Food
and Agricultural Organization. It is intended to stimulate informed public debate on world
hunger, especially among the world's youth. ■

-30-

June 6, 1983

13

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SILO GAS

"DANGER — SILO GAS"! This warning sign should be posted in an obvious
place on all silos to make sure that accidents like the one that occurred in Ontario a few years
ago do not happen again.

In that accident three people died as a result of not having taken the
proper precautions against the deadly silo gas, nitrogen dioxide. The tragedy started when
the farmer's son decided to enter the silo to level the silage and to adjust the distributor.
Later one of the hired men discovered that he was missing and saw him lying at the bottom
of the silage slope. He jumped in and was later found by the farmer lying half way down the
slope. A second son then entered the silo by kicking in two of the doors. After unsuccessfully
trying to drag out the hired man and his brother, he too collapsed. The bodies of the three
victims were finally removed from the silo by a fire rescue squad.

According to Dennis Darby, farm structures engineer with Alberta Agriculture,
many silo manufacturers provide warning signs, some of which contain operating instructions
which warn of gas and the injury hazards that are specific to their particular brand of silo.

Farmers who use a silo should also:

• Check with their local fire department or similar emergency service to find out
whether it has the pressure-demanding remote breathing apparatus that would
be required in an emergency. Diving gear (scuba) is not suitable because the
back-pack air tank is too big to go through the silo chute or the outside ladder-
cage.

• Ventilate the feed room in case silo gas spills out of the silo doors or is blown out
by the silo unloader.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-2121

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

14

Silo Gas (cont'd)

• Avoid going into the silo during the filling operations to level the silage.
Adjust the silage distributor fronn the top of the silo to keep the silage level during
filling.

• Enter the silo as soon as the last load has been put in and leave the blower running
if it is absolutely necessary to enter. Never wait until the next day to do this.
When opening a chute door do so from above the chute rather than below in case
silo gas comes out of the opening.

• Check the depth of settled silage before entering a previously-filled silo. And
attach a tube adaptor to the pipe on the forage blower to make sure that the air
blast is reaching all the way down to the silage. Leave the chute doors closed
and ventilate the silo by running the forage blower for about 30 minutes in silos
that have a diameter of up to 7.2 m. Larger silos may require more ventilating
time. And always keep the blower running while you are in the silo.

Once operating, a silo unloader can ventilate a conventional silo quite effectively
but if the silo unloader fails in a recently filled silo, it must be assumed that some gas may have
accumulated, and the silo should be reventilated with the forage blower and a tube adapter.

• Start the forage blower and ventilate the silo if somebody collapses inside. A
supply of fresh air is the most immediate positive step that can be taken from
the points of view of both the victim and the rescuer.

• Always use an external supply of air if it is necessary to enter an oxygen-limiting
silo. Such equipment consists of a supply hose that is long enough to reach into
the silo, a pressure-demand type of supply regulator and a full-face mask.

- (cont'd) -

15

-3-

Silo Gas (cont'd)

In the past, safety harnessss or a loop of rope under the armpits leading to a helper
standing at the top of the silo have been recommended as a safety precaution. However, it
is no longer felt that these precautions are satisfactory because one person could never pull
a victim up a silo wall.

Additional information on silos and silage gases (silo gas properties, detecting
silo gases and ventilating silos and feed rooms) is contained in a federal publication entitled
"Silo Gas" (M-7410'. It can be obtained from district agriculturists and the Print Media
Branch, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Ahexio

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

16

June 6, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER SLIRVEY RESULTS

A recent survey carried out by staff fronn the Alberta Horticultural Research
Center at Brooks and by staff from the federal research station at Lethbridge revealed an 85
per cent survival rate of European corn borer larvae in fields south of Medicine Hat where
corn stalks were still standing.

According to the entomologist at the horticultural research center, Dr. Ulf Soehn-
gen, no corn borer larvae were found in fields in the same area that had been disced in two
directions. He says it appears from these results that simply cutting the corn stalks into small
pieces is almost as effective in destroying the larvae as burying the stalks.

He urges those farmers in the main corn growing areas of the province who still
have corn stalks standing to disc their corn fields in at least two directions immediately, so
that the larvae are destroyed before they emerge as mioths and start flying and reproducing in
mid-July.

And to enable the researchers to monitor the presence of corn borers during the
summer and to advise corn growers on recommended control procedures, he is asking those
who grow corn in and around the Medicine Hat area to register the locations of their fields or
garden plots with Medicine Hat's district agriculturist, Stan Dereniwski. His telephone
number is 529-3636.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-2121

Ahexia

17

June 6. 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ALBERTA 4-H PARTICIPATES IN UNIVERSIADE '83

Eighty-six Alberta 4-H members, adult volunteer leaders and members of the
alumni association will be carrying the signs that identify each participating country during
the opening ceremony of Universiade '83 on July 1, and they will be carrying the flags of
each country in the closing ceremony on July 1 1 .

The co-ordinator of the group, Mahlon Weir, who is a provincial 4-H officer
in Edmonton, says when he first communicated his idea in late January to those involved with
4-H, he received more than 230 applications from across the province. Selections were made
on the basis of regional representation (there are seven 4-H regions) as well as on the basis
of obtaining a good "mix" of club members, adult volunteer leaders and alumni members.
However, most of those who will be taking part in Universiade '83 will be 4-H members.

Mr. Weir points out that all the 4-H'ers will be participating at their own expense.
"Some", he says, "will be staying at motels, others will be staying with relatives, still others
will be camping out and some will be commuting to Edmonton each day".

"However, whatever their accomodation, the experience will be well worth it.
In fact, the opportunity to take part in an event that will be attended by an audience of
about 64,000 , will involve 4,500 athletes from about 86 countries and that will be viewed
around the world is certainly a once in a lifetime experience for most people".

-30-

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

18

June 6, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

TRADE DIRECTOR APPOINTED

David J. Clarke, Alberta Agriculture's senior international trade director —
overseas, has announced the appointment of William D. Anderson to the position of trade
director - Asia.

As trade director — Asia, Mr. Anderson will be responsible for market devel-
opment's programs in China; ASEAN, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. He will be particularly
concerned with increasing exports of agricultural commodities, processed food products and
technical services to that area.

Mr. Anderson was born and educated in Manitoba and obtained his B.S.A. in
1969 from the University of Manitoba. He has worked for the Manitoba Agricultural Credit
Corporation; the Grain Marketing Office, the federal Department of Industry, Trade and
Commerce in Ottawa; the Asian Development Bank in the Philippines and as project leader
for the Agro-Dev. Livestock and Pasture Project in China, which included residency in Beijing
for six months. He comes to Alberta Agriculture from Deloitte, Haskins and Sells Associates,
agricultural economists and management consultants.

Mr. Anderson's experience in both the agricultural sector and in Asia provides him
with the broad exposure and the indepth knowledge that is required to assist Alberta agricul-
ture and food exporters in developing markets in that area.

-30-

/llbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Pf^'nt Medio Branch

19

June 6, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SUPERVISOR OF SEED TECHNOLOGY APPOINTED

R.W. Nelson, Alberta Agriculture's head of the cereals and oilseed section has
announced the appointment of Bill Witbeck to the position of supervisor of seed technology.

In his new position, Mr. Witbeck will be responsible for providing professional
agronomic advice and direction on seed technology to seed growers, commercial producers
and the seed trade. He will also develop and supervise seed crop policies and programs with
regard to stock seed and the Forage Seed Project. And he will maintain a liaison with the seed
trade. SeCan, the Canadian Seed Growers' Association and the seed cleaning plants.

As supervisor of seed technology, Mr. Witbeck will also be responsible for providing
advice to farmers, the seed industry and Alberta Agriculture staff on issues that pertain to seed
production.

He was born in Raymond, Alberta, and took his elementary and high school in
Raymond. He obtained his B.Sc. (agriculture) from Oregon State University, having majored
in plant science.

Mr. Witbeck has worked as a technician at the University of Alberta in the Plant
Science Department and has held a similar position with the Field Crops Research Program.
He accepted the position of cereals technician with Alberta Agriculture's field crops branch
in 1978. He held that position at the time of his present appointment.

-30 -

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

June 13, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Alberta Agriculture Real Estate Situation 1

Pesticide Residues Found To Be Negligible In Food Products 3

The Alberta Certified Preconditioned Feeder Program 4

Blackleg In Cattle 6

Check Second-Hand Farm Equipment For Rats! 8

Check For Grasshoppers Now 9

Red-Backed Cutworms 11

Controlling Cutworms In The Home Garden 12

Disposing Of Pesticide Containers 13

A Poisonous Plant 14

Market Garden Outlets In Alberta Increasing 16

Regional Manager For Red Deer Appointed By ADC 17

/dbena

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Phone: f403) 427-21 21

June 13, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ALBERTA AGRICULTURE REAL ESTATE SITUATION

There was a modest 3.2 per cent increase in the average value of agricultural real
estate in Alberta during the first quarter of this year compared with the last quarter of 1982.

According to the Canada Land Inventory, classes 1 (no significant limitation for
crop use), 3 (moderately severe limitations), 4 (severe limitations) and 6 (improvements not
feasible but natural grazing potential exists) increased slightly in value, while classes 2 (mod-
erate limitations for crop use) and 5 (unsuitable for annual cultivation - perennial forages
possible) and other land decreased.

Peter Woloshyn, a resource economist with Alberta Agriculture's resource econo-
mics branch, points out that even though average agricultural real estate values in the provir^ce
usually decrease between the fourth quarter of one and the first quarter of the following year,
the slight increase in 1983 first quarter is not enough to establish a clear trend. In fact, he
feels that the 3.2 per cent increase is more encouraging than significant.

He reports that only one class of agricultural real estate increased in value during
the first quarter o^ this year compared with the first quarter of 1982. It was class 5 land, and
it rose in value by 2.3 per cent. All the other classes decreased, with the largest decrease being
recorded for class 6 agricultural land. Its value dropped by 9.3 per cent. Although average
values did increase slightly in the first quarter of 1983 compared with the fourth quarter of
1982, when the first quarter of 1983 is compared with the first quarter of 1982, the overall
result is a decrease of 3.3 per cent.

According to Mr. Woloshyn, the acreage transferred during the first quarter of
this year increased by 34.4 per cent compared with the fourth quarter of 1982. He says the
volume of agricultural real estate that is transferred normally drops off in the last quarter of

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Ahex\o

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

- 2-

2

Alberta Agriculture Real Estate Situation (cont'd)

a year and then picks up again in the first quarter of the following year. He reports that the
average increase in the number of acres transferred from the fourth quarter of one year to the
first quarter of the next year between 1974 and 1982 was 15.9 per cent, which is about half
the increase that has been recorded between the last quarter of 1982 and the first quarter of
1983.

The increase in acreage transferred in the first quarter of 1982 and the first
quarter of 1983 was only 2.3 per cent. And the fact that there was a slight increase is not too
surprising in view of the fact that, when comparing first quarters, the lowest acreage trans-
ferred since 1974 took place in the first quarter of 1982. Mr. Woloshyn says class 1 land
transfers increased by 33.3 per cent, (27,800 acres) in the first quarter of 1983 compared with
20,900 acres in the first quarter of 1982. However, both class 5 and class 6 land transfers de-
creased by just over 18 per cent. The actual number of acres of class 5 land that changed
hands was 53,567 compared with 65,450 in 1982, and the actual number of acres of class 6
land that changed hands was 29,700 compared with 36,300 in 1982.

Further information on the Alberta agricultural real estate situation can be ob-
tained from Peter Woloshyn, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton, Alberta,
T6H 5T6 (Telephone: 427-4026).

- 30 -

June 13, 1983

3

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PESTICIDE RESIDUES FOUNDTO BE NEGLIGIBLE
IN FOOD PRODUCTS

Pesticide residues were negligible in random sampled food products in
Alberta, according to R.G. Christian, director of Alberta Agriculture's animal
health division and chairman of the Safe Food Committee.

Of the 109 beef and pork fat samples, the 18 export honey samples,
the 249 dairy products, the 23 dozen eggs and the six vegetable samples that were
analysed at Alberta Agriculture's food laboratory, only one pork fat sample had a
hexachlorobenzene residue that was slightly over the allowable level of 0.1 part per
million. To get an idea of how big 0.1 part per million is, a person might think in
terms of it being equal to one second out of 1 05 days.

The Safe Food Committee, which has representatives from Alberta
Agriculture, Alberta Environment, Agriculture Canada's plant products division
and Health arid Welfare Canada's health protection branch, realize that the number
of samples that were analysed is small compared with the total food supply in the
province. But, the cost of testmg is considerable and the resources are not available
to do a larger number of random samples. Also, random sample testing is carried
out by federal government agencies across Canada. And the Safe Food Committee
is encouraged by the continued improvement in food quality that is indicated by
these random sampling programs.

- 30 -

Phone: (403) 427-2121

^Ibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

4

June 13, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THE ALBERTA CERTIFIED PRECONDITIONED FEEDER PROGRAM

A considerable increase in interest in this year's Alberta Certified Preconditioned
Feeder Program (ACPF) is expected in view of the success of the 1982 program.

Dwight Karren, coordinator of ACPF, reports that 16,256 calves were certified
under last year's program and that 8,154 of them were sold through 14 monitored sales in
nine different locations. These figures compare with 7,113 certified calves of which 5,095
were sold in 1981 at seven monitored sales in four locations.

He says that when 1982 average prices at the certified sales were compared with
those at the regular sales in the same locations and during the same periods, it was found that
the certified steers averaged $5.56 per hundredweight more than the steers that were sold at
the regular sales. Heifers averaged $5.74 per hundredweight more, preirnmunized steers
averaged $3.61 more and preirnmunized heifers averaged $1 .87 more.

And when a number of preconditioned calf producers were surveyed they repor-
ted net returns that ranged from $13.45 per calf all the way to $80.52 per calf. According
to Mr. Karren, the large discrepancy in net returns was due to differences in both costs of
production and performance.

An analysis of data obtained from a survey of some of the certified calf buyers
showed that only 7.3 per cent of the 41 .8 per cent of calves on which data had been collected
had to be treated for illness. Twice this number of calves sold through the regular sales had

to be treated for illness, and just over 11 per cent of the preimmunized calves had to be
treated. Death losses for the pieconditioned, the preimmunized and the regular calves were
0.5, 1 .8 and 2 per cent respectively, Mr Karren says these figures support the data that was
collected on the 1980 and 1981 programs.

- (cont'd) -

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

-2-

5

The Alberta Certified Preconditioned Feeder Program (cont'd)

He advises anyone who plans to participate in this year's ACPF program to
contact his local veterinarian and auction market operator as soon as possible. The dales
and locations of the 1983 certified sales can be obtained from district agriculturists or fromi
Dwight Karren, Coordinator, ACPF Program, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta, T4V 6K8
(Telephone: 343-5336).

Cattlemen who would like more details on last year's program will find them in
the Alberta Certified Preconditioned Feeder Program - 1983 Annual Report (Agdex
420/662-2). It is available from district agriculturists and the Print Media Branch, Alberta
Agriculture, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

- 30 -

June 13, 1983

6

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

BLACKLEG IN CATTLE

Have you vaccinated your calves against blackleg? This disease was recently diag-
nosed by Alberta Agriculture's diagnostic laboratory in Edmonton in a 13-month old steer,
a 10-month old steer and a yearling bull.

According to the director oi the department's animal health division. Dr. R.G.
Christ ian, the main method of controlling blackleg is to build up resistance in the cattle by
vaccinating them with a bacterin or vaccine because it is practically impossible to prevent
them from coming in contact with the disease.

He recommends vaccinating all calves between the ages of one month and three
months with what is called a mixed bacterin. This bacterin is recommended because it will
protect the cattle against both blackleg and malignant edema. Malignant edema is similar to
blackleg and is often present in an outbreak of the latter.

Calves should be given a second vaccination when they are six months old.
Dr. Christian says. If the disease has previously occurred on the premises, he recommends
vaccinating cattle that are three years old or less every year.

In the event of an outbreak of blackleg, he advises vaccinating or revaccinattng all
the animals in the herd. And, since there is a period of about two weeks following vaccina-
tion when they may have little or no resistance to the disease, it is often advisable to move
the herd, after they have been vaccinated, on to another pasture.

The manufacturers' directions regarding the handling and storage of the blackleg
and malignant edema bacterins should be rigidly followed because it can deteriorate rapidly
under unfavorable conditions. And any bacterin that is left over after the cattle have been
vaccinated should be discarded.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Blackleg In Cattle (cont'd)

Information on the symptoms of blackleg in cattle, its diagnosis and treatment
is contamed in a publication entitled "Blackleg and Allied Diseases". This publication also
contains information on redwaier disease in cattle as well as information on blackleg, malig-
nant edema, enterotoxemia and black disease in sheep.

"Blackleg anci Allied Diseases (Agdex 400/663-1) can be obtained from district
agriculturists and the Print Media Branch, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton,
Alberta, T6H 5T6.

- 30 -

June 13, 1983 8
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CHECK SECOND-HAND FARM EQUIPMENT FOR RATS!

Alberta farmers who buy second-hand equipment at an auction are being asked to
check it for Norway rats before removmg it from the premises, if it inay contain feed resi-
dues.

Alberta Agriculture's animal pest control specialist, Cliff Barrett, reports that a
number of rats were destroyed recently in a combine at an auction mart near Gibbons. The
combine was one of several that had been brought in from Saskatchewan and other out-of-
province locations.

He says that Norway rats have come into the province periodically in the past in
agricultural machinery. One, for example, came in a food processing machine from the
United States, another came in a feed processing machine from Saskatchewan and still
another came in a combine that was delivered to a farmer in the Beaverlodge area.

However, Mr. Barrett is particularly concerned this year bacause he foresees an
increase in the number of second hand machines that are brought into Alberta in response to
an increasing demand. He says many farmers who normally buy new machinery will be buy-
ing second-hand machinery this year because of the poor state of the economy.

Hence, he urges farmers to check auction-bought equipment that may contain
feed residues very carefully for such things as rat droppings. He also recommends watching
the reaction of the family dog around such equipment to see if it seems to sense anything
unusual.

Anyone who suspects that a rat or rats may be present should be careful not to
disturb them until the equipment has been examined by a municipal pest control officer or
agricultural fieldman or a district agrici.ilturist.

-30-

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

June 13, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

9

CHECK FOR GRASSHOPPERS NOW

Farmers who have a grasshopper problem should use Furadan, Sevin XLR or
dimethoate, all of which are available from agricultural chemical supply dealers. They can also
use Guthion or malathion.

According to Hugh Philip, head of the Alberta Environmental Centre's crop protec-
tion group in Vegreville, Alberta Agriculture does not have a supply of insecticides for con-
trolling grasshoppers or any other field crops insects this year. However, he advises anyone
who is unable to get a grasshopper control product, because of a shortage in his area, to con-
tact his district agriculturist.

As daytime temperatures increase throughout the province, grasshoppers will be-
come more and more active, and, if conditions remain dry, they will be moving from pastures,
roadsides and fencelines into crops. In fact, they could be in the crops by mid-June.

Since the best and cheapest time to control these insects is while they are still in
their hatching areas, farmers should be checking all uncultivated areas that are adjacent to
crops, especially if the areas face south and/or the soil is light.

Pastures that are found to be heavily infested may have to be sprayed. And if the
grasshoppers have already started moving from them into crops, spraying roadsides and the
outer edges of the crops which are being invaded will reduce crop damage and the amount of
insecticide that will be needed to bring the situation under control.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

10

-2-

Check For Grasshoppers Now (cont'd)

Mr. Philip points out that the necessity for controlling grasshoppers often depends

upon weather conditions. Under favorable crop growing conditions, for example, a fairly

heavy infestation may not cause extensive damage, while, under hot, dry conditions, even a

low grasshopper population may cause severe damage. As a general rule, a crop should be

2

sprayed when the grasshopper population exceeds 7 to 1 2 per m

Further information on grasshoppers and their control is contained in the publica-
tion, "Control of Grasshoppers in Alberta - 1983" (Agdex 622-4). It can be obtained from
district agriculturists or the Print Media Branch, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 113 Street,
Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

11

June 13, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

RED-BACKED CUTWORMS

The Alberta Environmental Centre in Vegreville has received numerous reports of
red-backed cutworms causing problems in home gardens, which means that they will also be
active in many cereal and rapeseed crops.

Hugh Philip, who is head of the centre's crop protection group, advises farmer:; to
check for expanding dark patches in their crops, especially when the dark areas are on knolls
or ridges or in crops that are growing in sandy soils.

If some of the plants have been cut off at ground level, he advises digging an inch
below the soil surface in the row to confirm that the damage is being caused by cutworms.
Under present dry conditions, chemical control is warranted if there is more than one cutworm
per square foot, he says. And he recommends using Lorsban or Ambush. However, only those
areas of the field that are suffering damage need to be sprayed; not the whole crop. Since cut-
worms feed only at night, the spraying should be done in the evening.

Information on application rates, etc. is contained in a publication entitled "Chem-
ical Control of Field Crop Insects - 1983" (Agdex 100/622). It can be obtained from district
agriculturists and the Print Media Branch, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton,
Alberta, T6H 5T6.

30

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 P--'"^ Media Branch

June 13, 1983 12
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CONTROLLING CUTWORMS IN THE HOME GARDEN
Red-backed cutworms appear to be causing problems in many home gardens this

year.

Marilyn Steiner, entomologist at the Alberta Environmental Centre in Vegreville,
believes that they are particularly prevalent this season because soil conditions both last winter
and this spring have been relatively dry. In cool, damp soil, the larvae are inclined to become
diseased which cuts down on their numbers.

Most common species of cutworms overwinter as eggs in the soil and hatch in the
early spring. They continue feeding until late June when they pupate in the soil and emerge in
July or August as cutworm moths or "millers". It is at this time that they lay their eggs.

According to Ms. Steiner; cutworms, which are about half an inch long, and which
curl up into the shape of a "C" , feeo below the soil surface at night. They can destroy almost
any seedlings by cutting them off at or just below the soil surface. And they are particularly
fond of leafy vegetables like lettuce, cabbage and cauliflower. The worms may either chew
around the edges of the lower leaves, cut the plants off at ground level or do both.

In a small home garden, Ms. Steiner recommends digging an inch or so below the
soil surface in a row where cutworm damage is evident and removing the worms. She says
cutworms usually work their way along a row, cutting off the plants as they go.

An alternative method of dealing with cutworms is to put a physical barrier, like
a milk carton, around transplants. The barrier should be pushed a couple of inches into the
soil, and it should be left there until the plants become well established or until about the
end of June.

In cases where the cutworm infestation is severe, Mr. Steiner says it may be neces-
sary to use a 5 per cent granular formulation of Diazinon. When sprinkled along the rows, it
will protect the young plants for about two weeks.

Abex\o

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Phone; (403) 427-2121

13

June 13, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

DISPOSING OF PESTICIDE CONTAINERS
Getting rid of pesticide containers can be a problenn. What do you do

with yoursi'

According to Alberta Agricultre's pesticide issues coordinator, Dr. Moe
Hussain, there are about 53 permanent pesticide container disposal sites in the pro-
vince and quite a number of temporary ones. He says anybody who does not know
where they are should contact his agricultural fieldman or district agriculturist.

Dr. Hussain also says that all pesticide containers should be rinsed out
three times with clean water as soon as they have been emptied and that the rinse
water should be emptied into the sprayer tank. After that the containers can be
disposed of.

The metal containers that are taken to a disposal site will be collected
later in the season and crushed for recycling. The plastic containers will be collected
and shredded. At the present time the shredded material is being stored until new
technology makes it possible to use it for another purpose. Plastic fence posts is one
of the uses that is being considered.

-30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

y^lbGrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

14

June 13, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

A POISONOUS PLANT

Did you know that western water hemlock is one of the main causes of livestock
poisonings in central Alberta?

The plant grows in wet places such as around sloughs and on the banks of streams
and occurs throughout most of the province. It is a perennial member of the carrot family,
grows 60 - 180 cm tall, is pale green and has a stout smooth, hollow stem, which often has
purplish spots on it. The leaves are generally doubly compounded and grow one per node at
alternate intervals along the stem. Each leaf consists of three to nine leaflets that have saw-
toothed edges. ^

The base of the stem of western water hemlock is generally somewhat enlarged
and characterized by hollow chambers divided by horizontal cross portions. The short, tube-
rous roots exude a yellowish, aromatic, extremely poisonous oil. Although most of the oil is
concentrated here, enough is present in the young shoots to cause trouble, and the tubers are
more likely to be pulled out and eaten when the ground is soft. Both the roots and the shoots
are dangerous at any time of the year, but particularly so in the spring and fall.

The flowers of western water hemlock are small and white and form an umbrella-
like head. The seeds are oval arid yellow with dark brown ribs. In fact, they resemble dill or
caraway seeds. Although the western water hemlock plant blooms in June and July, the seeds
do not mature until late in the season.

Early symptoms of western water hemlock poisoning in cattle are frothing at the
mouth, uneasiness, pain and then violent convulsions which cause the animal to kick, bellow
and groan. However, the poison produces such a rapid death that these symptoms are rarely
observed. Treatment is not usually possible.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

15

- 2 -

A Poisonous Plant (cont'd)

Since this plant is most frequently found in very wet areas, leveling the ground,
improving its drainage and/or relining ditches should help to solve the problem. Any roots
brought to the surface during such work should be removed before livestock have a chance to
eat them. Other methods of controlling western water hemlock include hand-grubbing when
the plants are scattered and cultivation. But care must be taken to remove all the roots from
the soil because even a small piece can sprout a new plant. A large infestation of western water
hemlock should be plowed and harrowed several times with a spring-toothed harrow to draw
all the roots to the surface. They should then be collected in a bag, dried and burned.

Peter Funk, district agriculturist at Red Deer, recommends that you consult your
local district agriculturist for details on the chemical control of western water hemlock. And
remember that a herbicide may actually increase the palatability of these plants, which means
that an area that has been sprayed should not be grazed for about a week.

- 30 -

June 13, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MARKET GARDEN OUTLETS IN ALBERTA INCREASING

Are you one of the growing number of Albertans that are purchasing their garden
produce directly from a market garden? And do you have a copy of the brochure called
"Alberta Market Gardeners"?

Lloyd Hausher, market garden specialist at the Alberta Horticultural Research
Center in Brooks, says many consumers in Alberta have been quick to take advantage of the
superb quality and freshness of fruit and vegetables that are purchased directly from the pro-
ducer. He adds that, in most cases, the produce has been picked only a few hours before it is
offered for sale, and that many market gardeners allow consumers to pick their own produce.
This means thai they often get absolutely fresh fruit or vegetables at a discount.

Mr. Hausher reports that the acreage in Alberta that is being devoted to market
garden crops is increasing every year, and that there are now about 300 of these outlets
located throughout the province. It is estimated that market garden crops account for approx-
imately 650 hectares this year, and the vegetables grown range from cauliflowers, peas, and
sweet corn to egg;jlants.

"Alberta Market Gardeners" lists the names and telephone number of most of the
market gardeners in the province and contains information on the months and days that the
gardens are open. It also tells the methods of sale that are employed, lists a few of the main
crops that are grown and gives directions on how to reach the farms.

"Alberta Market Gardeners" (Agdex 202/845) can be obtained from district agri-
culturists, travel centers, the Alberta Horticultural Research Center, or the Print Media
Branch, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

■^HRICULTURE

;dia Branch

17

June 13, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

REGIONAL MANAGER FOR RED DEER APPOINTED BY ADC

Bob Thompson, general manager of lending with the Agricultural Devel-
opment Corporation (ADC) has announced the appointment of Kenneth G. Friesen
to the position of regional manager for the Red Deer region.

Mr. Thomas was born and raised on the family farm near Altona, south-
ern Manitoba. He graduated from the University of Manitoba in 1970 with a B.S.A.,
having majored in economics and soils.

He was employed by the Manitoba Agricultural Credit Corporation, as a
credit agent, from 1970 to 1973. He joined ADC in the fall of 1973 as a loan review
officer. And in 1977 he was promoted to assistant manager of farm lending in
ADC's Camrose head office.

Mr. Thomas' hobbies are golfing, fishing and cross country skiing. He
and his wife, Darlene, plan to move to Red Deer.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlberra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

JUL 81983

June 20, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Changes To Lime Freight Assistance Program 1

Final Year For Farming For The Future's First Mandate 3

Precautionary Measures Recommended For Rabies 6

Many Sprayer Gauges Found To Be Inaccurate 7

Nitrogen Deficiency In Cereal Crops 8

Early Insect Control In Potatoes Is Beneficial 10

Common Insect Pests And Their Control 11

Pruning To Prevent And Eliminate Tree And Shrub Problems 13

The Alberta Beekeeping Manual 16

The Rewards Of Exhibiting 17

Correction (Regional Manager For Red Deer Appointed By ADC) 18

I

/dbena

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-2121 Print Media Branch

Jime 20, 1983

1

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CHANGES TO LIME FREIGHT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

Alberta's minister of agriculture, LeRoy Fjordbotten, has approved changes to the
AgricLiltural Linne Freight Assistance (ALFA) Program, which helps farmers with the cost of
transporting liming materials by covering 80 per cent of the cost that is incurred above $5.50
[ per tonne. The changes are designed to provide more equitable assistance to farmers who

need lime to neutralize acid soil,
j The head of the deparment's soils branch, Adolph Goettel, reports that the

I changes to the program involve a revision of the transportation assistance rate for marl; a

revision of allowable freight charges: the inclusion of a farmer transportation rate; the inclu-
sion of a minimum quality standard for liming materials and the implementation of a lime
requirement test.

He says assistance provided for the transportation of marl will now be at the rate
of 50 per cent of the highest commercial rate (11 c /tonne/kmi) to a maximum of 100 km.
The change is intended to encourage the use of local supplies of marl.

At present commercial rates, this means that a farmer who took advantage of the
program would receive 5.5 C per cubic metre per km up to a maxim.um of $5.53 per cubic
metre.

Mr. Goettel says marl is calcium carbonate that has been deposited by water, and
that numerous deposits are to be found in western and north-central Alberta. Most is sold on a
volume basis.

He also says the revised schedule regarding maximum, allowable freight charges for
commerical carriers has been implemented to encourage short hauls. For hauls up to 200 km,
the rate will be 1 1 C per tonne km., while the rate for hauls up to 400 km will be 9 c per
tonne km. The rate for hauls up to 600 km will be 7 c per tonne km and the rate for hauls
greater than 600 km will be 5c per tonne km.

- (cont'd) -

/dlbcrra

Phone:(403)427-2121 p,_.

-2-

2

Changes To Liaie Freight Assistance Program (cont'd)

According to Mr. Goettel, a farmer who transports his own lime will now be
alloA/ed assisirince that is equivalent to 70 per cent of the commercial carrier rate. This
change was made to more equitably compensate farmers who use their own vehicles.

Since some hming materials may be moved by railway to a processing plant or a
stockpile and lh<in iransporied to the farm by eitfier a commercial or farm truck, the higher
allowable freight rates will apply only to the distance between the plant or stockpile and the
farm.

The ALFA program now requires that the effective neutralizing value (ENV) of
ground limestone must be at least 70 per cent, and that marl must have at least an ENV of 60
per cent on a dry weight basis for the limestone to qualify. Mr. Goettel says farmers need to
know the ENV of the material they are using to determine the application rate. More infor-
mation on lime and marl quality is contained in a publication entitled "Liming Acid Soils"
(Agdex 534-1 ), which is available from district agriculturists.

A copy of a lime requirement test report is now required to be submitted with an
application for assistance under the ALFA Program. This test, which can be done by most
soil testing laboratories, will determine how much lime is needed to bring the soil pH to a
desirable level. Mr. Goettel says in most cases the amounts recommended are designed to

bring it up to 6 and 6.5.

He believes that the changes that have been made to the ALFA Program should
result in the development of an agricultural lime supply near arear that need it as well as
an application and transportation service industry. At the present time ground limestone is
available at Exshaw and Edmonton and a new dovelopment is underway at Rocky Mountain
House. Another plant is processing agricultural limestone north of Princ- George, B.C.,
and it will provide a source of lime for Alberta's Peace River region farmers.

- 30

June 20 1983

3

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FINAL YEAR FOR F ARMING FOR THE FUTURE'S FIRST M. .. .^>_b

As the Alberta government's main agricultural research funding vehicle, Farming
for the Future has awarded almost $25 million to 322 research projects in the province and in
other parts of Western Canada since it was established in 1979. Its present mandate has one
more year to go.

Supported by the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund, Farming for the Future
has two specific objectives: to improve the long-term viability of agriculture in Alberta and to
help to improve the net income of Alberta farmers.

The projects range all the way from those that involve iong-lerm and highly
technical scientific research to those that involve shorter-term graduate student research, to
producer-conducted demonstrations of the latest farming technology. The projects have
resulted in innovative technology and new management practices that are now in everyoay use
in many sectors of the agricultural industry.

Farming for the Future fias also created benefits in areas other than commercial
farming. It has, for example, contributed to the training and employmer.i of sc's'^'iific maiv
power; it has encouraged dialogue between Alberta researchers and their colleagues in other
parts of Canada; it has facilitated the prompt publication of research results and it has facilit-
ated the upgrading of scientific equipment at both academic and government levels as well as
having facilitated the transfer of new technology from researchers to farmers and others
involved in the province's agricultural industry.

Forty-nine new research projects were approved for funding this year at a cost
of $2.5 million. And 88 projects received renewal funding, making a total of 137 projects that

- (cont'd) -

(403) 427-2121

Ahexio

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Final Year For Farminy For The Future's First Mandate (cont'd)

will be funded in 1983-84 for a total cost of slightly more than $7.1 million. Another 25
projects that are nearing completion did not require further funding.

Since September 1982, Farming for the Future has also funded 38 projects under
the Graduate Student Research Support Program, which provides one-time grants of up to ■
$10,000 to help eligible graduate students to cover their thesis research costs. Since its intro-
duction in 1979, this program has provided more than $245,000 in aid to graduate students
in the agricultural sciences.

In addition to the above, 85 projects have been approved since January 1982
under Farming for the Future's On-Farm Demonstration Program. It was developed to
enable farmers and farm organizations to become actively involved in the transfer of new
technology. As the leading member of a team made up of Alberta Agriculture's regional and
district staff and experts in specific technological fields, each farmer who participates in the
on-farm demonstrations helps to expedite the introduction of new research results.

On-Farm Demonstration projects are approved on a year-round basis and multi-
year projects have to be renewed annually. Thirty-three new projects were approved between
January and May of this year at a cost of $1 07,000 or just over $3,200 per project. And eight
projects were renewed during the same period at a cost of $35,300.

Much of the research involving cereals, oilseeds and forages has concentrated on
breeding, testing and managing crops that have been adapted to regional environmental cond-
itions in Alberta. And the new varieties that are being tested have such superior characteristics
as earlier maturity, higher yields and drought and disease resistance.

in livestock research, emphasis has been on breeding, reproduction, management,
nutrition and disease resistance. One project has involved the testing of Vicoyen, an anti-scour

- (cont'd) -

-3-

5

Final Year For Farming For The Future's First iVlandate (cont'd)

vaccine that was developed by the Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization in Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan. Results show that the widespread use of this vaccine could substantially reduce
the incidence of scours in newborn calves.

Other projects, related to the conservation and enhancement of the productivity
of Alberta's farmland, range from soil fertility to tillage practices and from moisture conserva-
tion to erosion control. One of them involved assessing the factors that affect crop utilization
of nitrogen in the soil, and recommendations have been prepared to help farmers preserve and
improve the level of this important crop nutrient.

The Alberta Bee is the result of still another project that was carried out under
Farming for the Future. Adapted to Alberta conditions, it is far more efficient than the strains
that are currently in use. It is very docile, it has better foraging ability than the current strains,
it has good resistance to disease and it has excellent overwintering characteristics.

In March of next year. Farming for the Future will have completed the fifth and
final year of its present mandate. Its progress will be evaluated during the coming months and
a decision will be made on its future by the committee of the Alberta Legislature, which is
responsible for setting funding commitments from the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund.

Further information on Farming for the Future can be obtained from Dr. James
Mahone, Director, Research Division, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton,
Alberta, T6H 5T6 (Telephone; 422-1382).

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/diberra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

June 20, 1983 g
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES RECOMMENDED FOR RABIES

The director of Alberta Agriculture's animal health division, Dr.R.G. Christian,
advises people who plan to travel with their pets in Alberta this sunnmer to have thenn vacc-
inated against rabies. This is particularly important in the case of dogs and cats that will be
going to southern Alberta.

Dr. Christian says that rabid skunks are still a problem south of Lethbridge to the
American border. And he asks anyone who notices a skunk, or any other wild animal, that
is acting in an abnormal manner to advise the local country or veterinary authorities of the
fact. He also requests campers in that area to be careful that they or their pets do not come
in contact with a rabid skunk. "All dogs and cats that are taken into the area or that are in
the area should be vaccinated," he says, "and visiting dogs and cats should be kept on a leash.

Another area that has had a problem with rabid skunks during the past year is just
west of Brooks. Even though the problem appears to have been eliminated, travellers and
residents of the area should be on the lookout for animals that are acting abnormally. And
people travelling or living in this area are also advised to have their dogs and cats vaccinated.

Even though the incidence of rabies in Alberta is much lower than it is in other
provinces or in the United States, Dr. Christian says it is possible to find rabies in bats in most
parts of the province. Hence, he advises people to avoid contact with bats, and he thinks it
would be a good idea for all cats and dogs to be vaccinated against the disease because it is
almost impossible to prevent them from coming in contact with bats.

The coordination of a cooperative inter-agency and inter-government effort to
control rabies in skunks is being carried out by the Central Rabies Control Committee. It
is made up of representatives from Alberta Agriculture, Alberta Fish and Wildlife, Alberta
Social Services and Community Health, the Alberta Veterinary Medical Association and
Agriculture Canada.

-30-

A\bex\Q

AGRICULTURE

Phone:(403)427-2121 Print Media Branch

7

June 20, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MANY SPRAYER GAUGES FOUND TO BE INACCURATE

At recent sprayer clinics conducted by Alberta Agriculture throughout the prov-
ince, Sonne of the gauges gave readings that were 63 kPa (9 psi) higher than the actual pres-
sure, while others give readings that were 28 kPa (7 psi) lower than the actual pressure. And
when 21 gauges that were all attached to the same source of pressure were tested only six
gave the same reading.

According to Terry Footz, Alberta Agriculture's herbicide application equipment
specialist, some of the gauges that were found to be inaccurate by as much as 35 kPa (5 psi)
were brand new. Consequently, he urges farmers to check their gauges carefully, regardless
of whether they are new or old.

He says a simple way of doing this would be to attach the sprayer gauge to an air
hose that has a tire chuck on the end of it. Then inflate a tire to 250 kPa (about 35 psi), and
make sure to check its pressure with a reliable tire gauge. Next compare the tire gauge read-
ing with that of the sprayer gauge. If the two are the same, inflate the tire to 275 kPa (40
psi) and compare the readings again. If they are the same, you can assume that your sprayer
gauge is accurate. If they are different, discard the sprayer gauge.

Mr. Footz says if the sprayer gauge is not registering zero before you put it on
the sprayer, there is no point in testing it. Throw it away unless it is new. If it is new, ex-
change it for another one and hope for better luck!

"An accurate gauge", says Mr. Footz, "is a critical component of any sprayer.
The operator must know that it is giving the correct reading if he is to apply the recomm-
ended amount of herbicide in a uniform pattern."

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AhexiQ

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

June 20, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

NITROGEN DEFICIENCY IN CEREAL CROPS

Every year there are cereal fields in Alberta that suffer from a nitrogen deficiency.

According to Dr. Ronald Howard, plant pathologist at the Alberta Horticultural
Research Center in Brooks, this condition can be partially rectified by applying a nitrogen
top dressing before the crop finishes tillering, providing that a sufficient amount of moisture
is subsequently received to dissolve the fertilizer and to wash it into the root zone of the
plants. Although an application of nitrogen may aid the recovery of plants after they have
tillered, they frequently produce only a single stem and a single seed head.

"Stunted plant growth in irregular-shaped patches that can be seen from a dist-
ance is usually the first sign of a nitrogen deficient cereal crop," Dr. Howard says. A closer
inspection of such patches will show that they are not related to a poor stand, a wet spot or
other obvious management problems."

The next sign is yellow or light green irregular patches in the field. Again, this
situation can be easily seen from a distance. A closer inspection here will reveal that the
lower leaves on the plants have turned yellow, while the new growth has remained green.
What has happened is that the available nitrogen has been translocated from the older leaves
to the new ones. Dr. Howard says the yellowing and subsequent browning are usually most
apparent at the plant joints.

Still another sign of a nitrogen deficiency is conspicuous patches of lush green
growth, resulting from cattle droppings, trash piles, etc., and lush growth along field margins
and/or seeding skips in a field of otherwise stunted or yellow plants.

He also says nitrogen deficiency is frequently mistaken for drought stress, espe-
cially in its initial stages. However, the patches in a drought-stressed crop will turn blue-
green as the leaves start to roll from lack of moisture.

- (cont'd) -

/diberta

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-2121 Print Media Branch

-2-

9

Nitrogen Deficiency In Cereal Crops (cont'd)

A soil test can be used to identify a nitrogen deficiency. And the soil's moisture
level can be assessed at the same time. When the moisture level is sufficient, it should be
possible to form the soil into a ball in the hand. When the moisture level is insufficient, the
soil will not form a ball.

-30-

June 20, 1983 10
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

EARLY INSECT CONTROL IN POTATOES IS BENEFICIAL

It seems that the damage done to potatoes early in the season by leaf-feeding
Insects like flea beetles, aphids, leaf hoppers and Colorado potato beetles is often under-
estimated.

Dr. Ulf Soehngen, entomologist at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center in
Brooks, reports that Dr. E. Lloyd believes these insects provide ports of entry for the fungus
that causes early blight in potatoes as well as reducing the photosynthetic surface of the leaves
they feed on and generally stressing the plants. Dr. Lloyd was a plant pathologist at the
North Dakota State University and is now president of the crop consulting firm, Agvise Inc.

He also believes that flea beetles are particularly likely to initiate infections be-
cause of the type of feeding damage they cause, and that leaf hoppers may directly transmit
the aster yellow virus that causes purple top in potatoes.

Consequently, it is important that these foliage feeders be controlled early in the
season, and that good control be maintained at least through August. Mature plants that have
set their tubers, and that have been uninterrupted during their growing season by insect pres-
sures, are better able to withstand both fungal and insect attack, according to Dr. Lloyd.

When spread to a potato field early in the season, early blight can cause a con-
siderable amount of damage to the plants and result in a severe crop loss. Dr. Soehngen says
the airborne early blight fungus spores can travel for miles via wind currents after having over-
wintered in crop residues, and that once on potato leaves, they remain viable for weeks. When
the right combination plant stress, moisture and temperature occurs, they germinate and
invade the plant tissue. Although infestations may occur late in the season, they are often
more prevalent in the early growing stages of potatoes.

-30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

June 20, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

COMMON INSECT PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL

Staff at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center's laboratory have been kept
very busy lately diagnosing plant samples, many of which have been found to be suffering
from insect damage.

Following is a list, submitted by the center's entomologist, Dr. Ulf Soehngen, of
some of the more common pests and their recommended control methods.

. Aphids (small black kind) - they have been found on ornamentals, and
Diazinon, Cygon, Dutox and permethrin are among the chemicals that
are recommended for controlling them. As in all cases when using
pesticides, label directions should be read and followed carefully.

. Spider Mites on Evergreens — they are found on both everygreen trees
and evergreen groundcover, which they "stress" and can make look
very unsightly. A good hosing with cold water is one of the recommended
methods of control. The hosing should be repeated when necessary. The
chemicals Kelthane or Malathion can also be used.

. Poplar Leafbeetles, Willow Leafbeetles and Elm Leafbeetles - they
attack the leaves of these trees and can be controlled with Sevin.

. Sawfly Larvae — they occur in colonies and are especially troublesome
on spruce, pine and larch, but they may also occur on willows and other
trees. Among the insecticides that are recommended for their control are
Sevin, Dutox and Dylox.

. Birch and Lilac Leafminers - they burrow into the leaves of these tree
species. Cygon, Diazinon, Sevin (for birch) and Malathion (if the tempera-
ture is above 20° C) are among the chemicals that can be used to spray
affected trees.

Phone: (403) 427-2121

- (cont'd) -

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

-2-

12

Common Insect Pests And Their Control (cont'd)

. Cooley Spruce Gall Aphids — they are found on spruce trees where their
feeding habits distort the new growth. Sevin or Malathion are recomm-
ended for use on trees where there has been a previous problem. And
when possible, the galls should be removed by hand.

, Currant Fruitflies — They are found, as their name implies, on currant
bushes where they mainly attack the berries. They can be controlled
by collecting and disposing of fallen berries and applying Malathion or
Methoxychlor to the leaves of the bushes after the blossom petals have
fallen and again in 10 days time.

. Imported Currantworms they feed on the leaves of currant bushes and
can cause serious damage if not controlled. Diazinon, Rotenone or

Malathion are recommended for their control.
. Slugs — The use of Methiocarb or Metaldehyde baits is one method

of reducing their numbers. Another is to keep a piece of ground

moist under a board. The slugs will go where it is moist and can be

removed by hand. ,
, Earthworms — they sometimes cause problems in home gardens and

on golf courses. Sevin is recommended for use in the home garden.

Chlordane is recommended only for golf courses.

-30-

June 20, 1983

13

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PRUNING TO PREVENT AND ELIMINATE TREE
AND SHRUB PROBLEMS

Anything that can be done to make trees and shrubs more vigorous and to
eliminate environmental stress will help to control insects and diseases. In fact, these
problems can often be eliminated by proper pruning.

Dr. Ronald Howard, plant pathologist at the Alberta Horticultural Research
Center in Brooks, says removing broken, split, diseased, seriously insect-infested and dead
branches will lessen the chances of canker, dieback, gall, witches' broom, wilt and wood
decay fungi and bacteria gaining entrance to the tree or shrub. He recommends removing
weak, crowded and crossing branches while they are still young and removing weakened and
injured branches to eliminate the breeding places of such insects as bark beetles and borers.

He also says that it is often necessary to prune trees and shrubs because some of
their small and large branches have been infected by such diseases as f ireblight, canker, verti-
cillium wilt and other blights or dieback diseases. In these cases the infected part should be
removed 15 cm or more beyond any external or internal evidence of the disease, which
usually means going back to a living lateral branch or to the trunk of the tree.

Except for "bleeders" like birches, dogwoods, elms and maples, deciduous trees
can be pruned almost any time. The best time to prune the bleeders is in the summer. The
best time to prune other deciduous trees is in the winter, early spring or mid-summer.

When no disease or insect infestation is present, the aim of all pruning should be
to maintain or to improve the natural shape and general appearance of the specimen. Most
trees and shrubs will do best if some pruning is done every year, or every two years, to im-
prove the spacing of their main branches, to control their height, to eliminate interfering
branches and to open up their centres, thereby facilitating better light penetration and air
circulation.

- (cont'd) -

/diberra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

-2-

14

Pruning To Prevent And Eliminate Tree And Shrub Problems (cont'd)

Dr. Howard recommends pruning just in front of a strong bud, twig or lateral
branch with sharp tools. "Make each cut on a slight angle close to the branch or trunk and
make it smooth," he says. The slight angle is recommended to prevent water from collecting
on the cut surface so that the wound will heal quickly and be less likely to be invaded by
fungi that cause wood decay, cankers and dieback.

' The best time in the summer to prune," says Dr. Howard, "is when the weather
is dry and no rain is forecast for a day or so. This is because bacterial and fungus spores ooze
out from diseased tissues onto the surface of the bark when wet twigs and branches are cut,
and are consequently more likely to be spread by the pruning tools, etc. to healthy parts of
the tree. This precaution is particularly important from late winter to late spring when trees
and shrubs are most susceptible to disease."

Pruning tools should be disinfected frequently between cuts made during pruning
to avoid transmitting disease-causing bacteria and fungi to a healthy part of the tree, and they
should always be thoroughly disinfected between the pruning of one tree and another. This
can be done by spraying or dipping the cutting edges into a 70 per cent solution of rubbing
alcohol or into a fresh solution of a liquid household bleach like Javex that has been diluted
in the ratio of one part bleach to four parts water.

Dr. Howard says all injured, splintered, diseased and insect-infested wood and
bark should be removed from large branches and tree trunks with a sharp knife or chisel, and
that the healthy bark and wood should be cut back in the shape of an oval for 2.5 cm or
more around each wound or diseased area. The long axis of the cut should be lengthwise
on the tree rather than across it because bark grows most rapidly in a lateral direction over
wood. Immediately after shaping and smoothing the wound, the cambial tissue and cut edges

- (cont'd)-

-3-

15

Pruning To Prevent And Eliminate Tree And Shrub Problems (cont'd)

should be painted with orange shellac. After it has dried, the entire surface should be steril-
ized by painting it with a household bleach solution or a 70 per cent solution of rubbing
alcohol. When this has dried, the surface should be covered with a permanent type of tree
paint or wound dressing that contains a fungicide like thiram or benomyl. The wound dress-
ing should be inspected periodically and a fresh coat applied if necessary. Old wounds that
are not healing properly can be recut, Dr. Howard says, and the wound surface painted with
shellac followed by a wound dressing.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Ahexio

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

16

June 20, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THE ALBERTA BEEKEEPING MANUAL

Whether you are an amateur or a professional beekeeper you will find the new
"Alberta Beekeeping Manual" an indispensable reference book.

Compiled by Alberta Agriculture's supervisor of apiculture, Donald MacDonald,
and Dorothy C. Murrell, presently assistant apiculturist with the Saskatchewan government,
it covers almost every aspect of beekeeping that a Prairie beekeeper might be interested in.
And it is extremely well illustrated.

In the section on getting started in beekeeping, it tells the reader the basic
equipment he will need, how to purchase his bees, how to examine his hives and the
techniques he can use for expanding his operation. It also interprets the Alberta Bee Act.

Other sections cover the supplementary feeding and the spring management of
honey bees; removing honey from a hive; the composition of honey; extracting honey;
marketing honey and the fall and winter management of bees. Still other sections
deal with the management of queens and bee health, which includes such things as brood
diseases, adult honey bee diseases, abnormalities in a colony, pesticide poisoning, mites,
insects and unwelcome hive intruders — mice, skunks and bears.

Each section contains clear concise information on the topic being discussed
and very good illustrations. The appendix lists some useful reference books for those who
want to delve further into a particular subject.

Copies of "The Alberta Beekeeping Manual" can be obtained from district
offices or from the Print Media Branch, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 113 Street,
Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

y^lbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

17

June 20, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THE REWARDS OF EXHIBITING

Fair exhibiting can be rewarding. In addition to the possibility of monetary and
personal gain, exhibitors derive educational benefits and support their community when they
enter a competition.

Bertha Eggertson, Alberta Agriculture's provincial clothing and textile specialist,
says individuals experience a great deal of satisfaction when they show their products to
others. And the recognition of good workmanship is a very rewarding experience in itself.

The features of a high quality product are identified when the product is rated.
And the comparing of exhibits is a learning experience for both the exhibitor and the public.
Since a judge's comments often include suggestions for improving methods and techniques,
they contribute to further learning.

Ms. Eggertson encourages exhibitors to be creative and original. She points out
that a new idea or approach can add interest to any display and inspire others to try new
ways of doing things.

So, plan now to contribute to, and to support, a summer fair in your district.
Contact your local fair convenor or district home economist for a prize list and judging
standards for food, sewing and handicrafts.

-30-

/dlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone:(403)427-2121 ^ dia Branch

18

June 20, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CORRECTION
REGIONAL MANAGER FOR RED DEER APPOINTED BY ADC

Bob Thompson, general manager of lending with the Agricultural Devel-
opment Corporation (ADC) has announced the appointment of Kenneth G. Friesen
to the position of regional manager for the Red Deer region.

Mr. Friesen was born and raised on the family farm near Altona, south-
ern Manitoba. He graduated from the University of Manitoba in 1970 with a
B.S.A., having majored in economics and soils.

He was employed by the Manitoba Agricultural Credit Corporation, as a
credit agent, from 1970 to 1973. He joined ADC in the fall of 1973 as a loan re-
view officer. And in 1977 he was promoted to assistant manager of farm lending
in ADC's Camrose head office.

Mr. Friesen's hobbies are golfing, fishing and cross country skiing. He
and his wife, Darlene, plan to move to Red Deer.

-30-

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

June 27, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

On-Farm Demonstration Projects Increase 1

Machinery Costs And Custom Rates 3

Herbicides For Underseeded Forage Crops 5

Maximizing Hay Quality 7

Physiological Leaf Roll Of Tomatoes 9

Weed Control For Home Grounds 10

Government Shelterbelt Trees Available 12

Stock Dog Clinic Scheduled For End Of July 14

Freezer Jams And Jellies 15

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/dlberia

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

June 27, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ON-FARM DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS INCREASE

Forty-three new projects have been approved to date in the current fiscal year
under Farming for the Future's On-Farm Demonstration Program. This brings the total
number of projects being funded under the program, since it was established just over a year
ago to 94.

Dr. Yilma Teklemariam, research coordinator of Alberta Agriculture's research
division, reports that $192,125 have been allocated for the 43 new projects, which averages
out to about $4,468 per project. The funding allocated for the 94 projects comes to more
than $357,000.

The projects, which are approved on an annual basis, involve the demonstration
and testing by farmers and agricultural specialists of new agricultural concepts and techno-
logy. And they relate to livestock production, crop production and the management of
agricultural resources. Among the projects now in progress is one that involves the use of
solar energy on the farm. Others involve the use of an automatic depth control system for
farm implements, a hog barn heat exchange system and an odorless manure treatment system.

The projects are being tested under practical farm conditions and are located all
the way from the Fort Vermilion area in the north to the Lethbridge area in the south.

As each project is concluded the team involved will submit a report to Farming
for the Future, which will make the information available to district agriculturists.

Dr. Teklemariam says any farmer in Alberta who has an innovative idea that
he thinks could benefit farmers in his region or the agricultural industry as a whole can apply
for a grant under the On-Farm Demonstration Program. And he advises farmers who think

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/diberra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

-2-

/L.

On-Farm Demonstration Projects Increase (cont'd)

that they may have something to contribute in these areas to contact their district agricul-
turist. If the latter thinks the idea has merit, he will help the farmer to develop a proposal
for the regional director. A regional committee will review it and make recommendations,
which will be forwarded to the secretary of the Agricultural Research Council of Alberta
where the final decision will be made.

The Agricultural Research Council of Alberta operates under the chairmanship of
the minister of agriculture (the deputy minister is the vice-chairman) who appoints the
members, which include a representative of the Legislative Assembly, representatives from
various sectors of the research community and farmers from across the province.

Farmers and members of farm organizations can obtain a list of the On-Farm
Demonstration projects and the results of any completed projects from the Research Divi-
sion, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6 (Telephone:
427-3789).

-30-

June 27, 1983

3

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MACHINERY COSTS AND CUSTOM RATES

The growing demand for custom work in Alberta has resulted in an increasing
number of farmers seeking information so that they can be sure that they are paying a fair
price for custom work and in an increasing number of custom operators seeking information
so that they can be sure that they are charging enough to make a fair profit.

To help these parties to negotiate rates that are fair to both, Alberta Agriculture's
farm business management branch publishes an annual publication entitled "Farm Machinery
Costs as a Guide to Custom Rates". The 1983 edition provides current machinery cost
information and covers two and four-wheel drive tractors, cultivating, seeding, spraying and
forage equipment as well as self-propelled and pull-type combines. It also covers grinders,
mixers, grain dryers and farm trucks. It gives tho fuel consuription for various tractor
horsepowers, it discusses points that should be considered in a custom hiring agreement and
it contains machinery cost and machinery custom charge worksheets. The worksheets are
provided to enable the reader to calculate his individual machinery costs because of the
variation that exists in these from one farm to another.

According to "Farm Machinery Costs as a Guide to Custom Rates — 1983",
new machinery prices are more or less the same as they were last year. Although some
operating costs have continued to inflate, interest rates have dropped and projected costs for
owning and operating farm equipment this year are slightly lower than they were in 1982.

Another publication that is intended to be used in conjunction with "Farm

Machinery Costs as a Guide to Custom Rates" is "Custom Rates Annual Survey Summary —
1982. Alberta Agriculture has been publishing these annual summaries, which are designed
to meet the growing demand for custom rate information and land rental rates, since 1977.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

Machinery Costs And Custom Rates (cont'd)

The 1982 edition contains a summary of custom work and land rental rates that were being
charged last year. The rates quoted are not intended as recommended rates for 1983, but as a
general guide. Because they are intended only as a guide, the publication contains work-
sheets to enable the individual to calculate and evaluate his specific situation.

Both the publications mentioned above can also be used as a guide for machinery
management, budgeting and financial planning for credit needs. And lenders, educators,
government institutions, etc. may find them useful.

Copies of "Farm Machinery Costs as a Guide to Custom Rates - Spring 1983"
(Agdex 825-4) and "Custom Rates Annual Survey Summary — 1982" (Agdex 825-9) can be
obtained from district agriculturists or the Publications Office, Agriculture Building,
7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

- 30 -

June 27, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HERBICIDES FOR UNDERSEEDED FORAGE CROPS

by Peter Funk
District Agriculturist, Red Deer

Faced with weed problems in their underseeded forages, farmers often ask; "Are
there herbicides I can use to control the weeds without injuring the forage and/or companion
crops?" And their concern is certainly legitimate since these weeds reduce the vigor of the
forage crop seedlings, resulting in thin stands, and they can reduce the yield and quality of
any companion crops.

The answer to the question depends on the weeds present and on the forage and
companion crops being grown. When a herbicide is used on a companion crop seeded to both
a legume and a grass, its use must be registered for all of the crops that are present. For

example, if alfalfa and brome grass are underseeded with a six-row barley, Hoe-Grass,
Carbyne or Avenge 200-C may be used for grassy weed control, while Embritox E is tlie only
herbicide that can be used on all three crops for broadleaved weed control. Failure to select
the correct herbicide can result in severe losses — timothy can be completely destroyed if
sprayed with Hoe-Grass.

Obviously, there are a number of problem weeds for which control is not possible
in seedling forages. These include chickweed, hemp nettle, cleavers and corn spurry. In situ-
ations where these weeds are the problem, the only approach is to control or reduce the
level of the weed population prior to seeding the forage crops.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

6

- 2 -

Herbicides For Underseeded Forage Crops (cont'd)

In the years prior to seeding a forage crop, grow crops thai permit the control of
these weeds. Patches of Canada thistle and other persistent perennial weeds can be controlled
with a non-selective, non-persistent herbicide, such as Roundup, in the spring or the fall prior
to seeding. And in extreme cases of weed infestation, the use of summerfallow the year
before seeding may be necessary. Practices that will help to establish a vigorous stand of
forage are a must — fertilize properly, seed into a firm seedbed at the optimum time and use
high quality seed.

Further information on herbicides and weed control in legumes and grasses with
or without a companion crop, is contained in the publication "Guide to Weed Control in
Alberta, Part One — Chemical", (Agdex No. 641 -9). It is available from district offices and
the Publications Office, Agriculture Building, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta,
T6H 5T6.

- 30 -

7

June 27, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MAXIMIZING HAY QUALITY

Since a large proportion of this year's firstcut of hay in Alberta will be well
below average from the point of view of quantity, its quality will be more importan; than
ever.

Stettler's district agriculturist, Andy Birch, says farmers should take all the
measures Ihey can to protect the quality of the hay they manage to harvest. These include
early cutting, minimal handling, properly adjusting harvesting equipment and either puttmg
the hay up in large compact stacks, covering it with plastic or putting it in a hay shed.

Mr. Birch points out that waiting to cut hay much beyond the 10 per cent bloom
stage in the case of legumes, or much beyond the early heading stage in the case of grasses,
may increase the volume of hay slightly, but that it will also greatly reduce its quality. He
says that a mixed stand of legumes and grasses should be harvested when the grass is in the
early heading stage because the quality of gi asses deteriorates as they mature more quickly
than the quality of legumes.

- (cont'd) -

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

Maximizing Hay Quality (cont'd)

He also says that because 70 per cent of the plant protein in legunnes is in their
leaves, it is extremely important to avoid excessive leaf losses through overdrying or during
the handling process. Leaf losses can vary from 3 to 5 per cent of the total dry matter,
depending upon the type of baling and pick-up systems that are used. And poor windrows,
an improperly adjusted pick-up, a slow ground speed and/or an overly dry hay frequently
result in losses that range from 10 to 15 per cent of the total dry matter. According to
Mr. Birch, such losses can be reduced if the hay is baled when its moisture content is between
20 and 25 per cent.

Apart from the fact that a high quality hay is required for feed ng lactating cows
and calves, it is valuable because it can be mixed with a low quality roughage, like straw, and
fed as a maintenance ration to beef cattle during the winter.

- 30 -

June 27, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

9

PHYSIOLOGICAL LEAF ROLL OF TOMATOES

Physiological leaf roll is a common non-infectious disorder of tomato plants, which
qenerally occurs after an extended period of either wet or dry weather. The condition may be
aggravated by a nutrient imbalance in the soil.

According to the plant pathologist at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center in
Brooks, Dr. Ronald Howard, leaf roll is most likely to occur on tomato plants that have been
deeply and closely cultivated or that have been severely pruned. And it is more prevalent in a
poorly drained soil.

Dr. Howard says the condition generally starts on the older, lower leaves of the
plants and proceeds upwards until almost all the leaves have been affected. The rolled leaves
may become stiff, leathery and somewhat tl^iickened. They tend to make a rattling noise if the
plant is shaken; and a heavy wind or rain may whip and tear them, giving the plants a ragged
appearance. However, Dr. Howard says the growth and yield of such plants are not usually
noticeably affected.

He also says that the incidence of physiological leaf roll in tomatoes can be minim-
ized by;

planting tomatoes in a well-drained soil.

applying an adequate amount of fertilizer on the basis of a soil test (do

not overfertilize, especially with nitrogen).

avoiding deep, close cultivation, especially after the fruit has set.

• avoiding severe pruning (it may expose the fruit to sunscald injury).

. maintaining a uniform soil moisture (mulcn the plants if necessary),
growing tomato varieties that are less susceptible to leaf roll (it may
be necessary to grow several varieties to find out which are less suscept-
ible under local conditions).

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

Phone: (403) 427-2121

June 27, 1983

10

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

WEED CONTROL FOR HOME GROUNDS

Every year Alberta Agriculture's regional crop laboratories receive a large number
of home garden plant samples that have been injured by a soil sterilant.

Because a soil sterilant kills all vegetation in the area that is treated and prevents
new plants from growing for one or more years, they should not be widely used around the
home. In fact they should be used only when bare ground is the objective, and then they
should be used strictly according to the manufacturer's directions.

Soil sterilants should not be applied to a sloping area or to an area where runoff
water will carry the treated soil into an area where desirable plants are growing or where
they may be planted. And a safety zone should always be left between the treated area
and nearby trees and shrubs so that their roots do not take up the chemical. And remember
that the lateral roots of both trees and shrubs extend for a distance that is approximately
tw;ce their height.

Gramoxono or Weedrite is one of a number of contact herbicides that are de-
signed for controlling vegetation in driveways, walkways, parking areas, tennis courts,
bricked in patios, under fences and in backlanes. It will kill the annual and perennial weeds
by burriing off their top growth. 1 1 does not go into their roots.

Amitrol-T can be used to eradicate most perennial weeds, but repeated applica-
tions may be necessary for some species. This herbicide is safe to use on sloping land and
around trees and shrubs, providing that the spray is kept off the foliage and the green bark

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlberra

AGRICULTURE

Weed Control For Home Grounds (cont'd) -

of the trees. It is a systemic, which means that the chemical moves through treated plants or
trees into their root systems when their foliage is sprayed.

The above information is contained in a publication entitled "Weed Control for
Home Grounds". It also contains information on weed control in established and new lawns,
vegetable and flower gardens as well as around ornamental shrubs.

"Weed Control for Home Grounds" (agdex 641-1) can be obtained from district
agriculturists or the Publications Office, Agriculture Building, 7000- 113 Street, Edmonton,
Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

12

June 27, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

GOVERNMENT SHELTERBELT TREES AVAILABLE

Following is a list of free government trees and shrubs that are available from the
Alberta Tree Nursery and Horticultural Centre at Oliver to farmers for the 1984 shelterbelt
planting season and a short list of trees that are available to acreage holders:-

For Farmers

Species

Supply Situation

Tall Deciduous

Brooks # 6 Poplar

Griffin Poplar

Plains Cottonwood Poplar

Laurel Leaf Willow

Acute Leaf Willow

Golden Willow

Peach Leaf Willow

Manitoba Maple

Green Ash

Bur Oak

White Birch

Good Supp
Good Supp
Good Supp
Good Supp
Good Supp
Good Supp
Good Supp
Good Supp
Good Supp
Good Supp
Good Supp

y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y

Small Deciduous

Mayday
Chokecherry
Sea Buckthorn

Limited Supply
Limited Supply
Limited Supply

Hedge Plants

Caragana
Villosa Lilac
Honeysuckle
Dogwood
Hedgerose
Altaica Rose
Cherry Prinsepia

Good Supply
Limited Supply
Limited Supply
Limited Supply

Good Supply
Good Supply
Good Supply

- (cont'd) -

Phone; (403) 427-21 21

A\bex\o

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

13

-2-

Government Shelterbelt Trees Available (cont'd)

Coniferous

White Spruce

Good Supply
Good Supply
Good Supply
Good Supply
Good Supply
Good Supply

Colorado Spruce
Norway Spruce
Lodgepole Pine
Scots Pine

Siberian Larch

Miscellaneous

Conservation Bundle

One per order

For Acreage Holders

Tall Deciduous

Brooks // 6 Poplar
Acute Leaf Willow

Hedge Plants

Caragana

Coniferous Trees

White Spruce

Further information and application forms can be obtained from district agricul-

turists and agricultural fieldmen.

-30-

14

June 27, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

STOCK DOG CLINIC SCHEDULED FOR END OF JULY

Lakeland College in Vernilion will be sponsoring a stock dog training clinic from
July 26 - 30.

The dogs will be divided into three categories: those that are keen to work, but
which have had little or no experience; those that have had some experience but have novice
handlers; and those, which, with their handlers, are capable of participating in a trial.

The instructors will be Ted Sutton of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, and Lee
Goodfellow of Lakeland College. Both men are teachers and, between them, have had 20
years of experience in raising and training Border Collies. They have also had a considerable
amount of experience in Western Canadian sheepdog trials.

The clinic will be followed by the Alberta Open Sheepdog Trial on July 30.
Entry is optional and the fee will be $20. Entries will be taken up to the day of the trial.

The registration fee for the clinic is $70. And cheques or money orders should be
made payable to Lakeland College and sent to the Department of Continuing Education,
Lakeland College, Vermilion Campus, Vermilion, Alberta, TOB 4M0.

- 30 -

ydlbcrta

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 2 1 Print Media Branch

15

June 27, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FREEZER JAM AND JELLIES

Every year about this time Alberta Agriculture's district home economists receive
numerous calls about the sugar content of freezer jams and jellies.

Most of the callers want to know whether they can reduce the amount of sugar
that is recommended in freezer jam and jelly recipes. And many feel that the amount that is

recommended is too high.

However, according to Debbie Brekke, district home economist at Airdrie, the

sugar should not be reduced. She explains that if one ingredient is reduced, in this case sugar,
it will upset the delicate balance between it and the acid and pectin, and that this imbalance
will effect the jelling properties of the product.

She also says that anyone who does reduce the amount of sugar called for in a
freezer jam or jelly recipe will have to be either satisfied with a product that is very runny or
'else use the commercial pectin product "Slim Set". It consists of a natural-type gelatin and
helps to make a firm gel.

Ms. Brekke says that the flavor of freshly picked summer fruits can be retained in
jams and jellies that are stored in a freezer because they do not have to be cooked.

The general handling of these jams and jellis differs from that of conventional
jams and jellies in the following ways.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/diberta

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

-2-

16

Freezer Jams And Jellies (cont'd)

First, they must be kept in a freezer because they have not been sterilized through
boiling. Second, the pectin must be added after the sugar, regardless of whether it is in liquid
or powder form. Third, the jam or jelly must be stored in a freezer-proof container or jar
that has enough space at the top to allow for expansion. Fourth, these products must be
sealed with tight-fitting lids; not with paraffin. And fifth, after having been sealed with a
tight-fitting lid, they must be left to stand at room temperature (before they are put into the
freezer) until they have set which can take as long as 48 hours.

Ms. Brekke says frozen jams and jellies that have been opened will keep in a refri-
gerator from two to three weeks.

-30-

AUG -5 1983

July 4, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Twenty New Projects Approved For Graduate

Student Research Support Progrann 1

A New Animal Hybrid Has Been Developed In Britain 3

Performance And Carcass Grading Of Roaster Chickens 4

Seepage Control In Dugouts 5

Computer Program For Estimating Building Costs 7

Blossom-End Rot On Tomatoes And Peppers 8

Cooley Spruce Gall Aphid 9

Protective Clothing For Use With Pesticides 11

Director Of Resource Planning Appointed 13

ADC Appoints New Loan Review Officer 14

Coming Agricultural Events 15

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/dlberia

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

July 4, 1983

1

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

TWENTY NEW PROJECTS APPROVED FOR GRADUATE
STUDENT RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM

Twenty new agricultural research projects have been approved for the 1983-84
fiscal year under Farming for the Future's Graduate Student Research Support Program.
This brings the total number of projects that have been approved since the program got
underway last September to 38.

According to the coordinator of Alberta Agriculture's research division, Dr. Yilma

Teklemariam, $121,624 have been allocated to the new projects, which brings the funding
for all the projects currently in progress to $245,224.

The new projects include one that deals with the refinement of electronic sensing
for agricultural machinery. Another involves an evaluation of the effect the soil's physical
and chemical conditions have on the yield and protein content of no-till crops. Another is
concerned with the effects of early weaning on cow herd maintenance costs anc income.
Two others are designed to evaluate the influence of soil and agronomic factors on the deni-
trification rate of soils in Alberta and the possible correlation between air-borne bacteria and
the incidence of pneumonia in commercial swine units.

Of the 20 graduate students that will be working on the new projects, 18 are at
the University of Alberta, one is at the University of Calgary and one is at the the Western
College of Veterinary Medicine in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

Dr. Teklemariam says the Graduate Student Support Program is designed to
support and encourage graduate student research in the agricultural sciences, and that it
provides financial assistance in the form of awards to approved graduate student research
projects that relate to Alberta's agricultural industry. Awards of up to $10,000 are made

available for each project that is approved in an open competition.

(cont'd)

Phone; (403) 427-21 21

y<llbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

July -1,

A

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS GRADING OF ROASTER CHICKENS

In two experiments, carried out by Alberta Agriculture's poultry branch, to com-
pare the performance and carcass grading of a roaster strain of chicken with that of three
commercial broiler strains, ihe roaster strain grew more slowly than the broiler strains, but ii
had a better feed conversion rate, a lower mortality rate and a better carcass grade.

Mario Rebolledo, research officer with the poultry branch, st'ys the two experi-
ments are part of an on-going research program (which will also cover nutrition and manage-
ment) into the production of chickens for roasting. He says that these birds are in great
demand because they are considerably larger than broiler chickens and because they have a
better flavor. However, the chickens are often not profitable because of an increased incid-
ence of leg disorders, breast blisters and mortality. Up to now chickens for roasting have
generally been produced from the same strain? of meat-typa chickens as broilers, the only
difference being that the former are marketed at 10 weeks of age and weigh about 3.2 kg
while the latter are marketed at six or seven weeks of age and weigh about 1 ,700 g.

This type of chicken that was tested in the two experiments referred to above is a
strain that has recently been developed specifically for the roasting chicken market. Referred
to as "roaster chickens", these birds are slower growing than broiler chickens and they are
claimed to have a lower incidence of leg problems and to produce a better quality carcass

However. Mr. Rebolledo reports that the roaster chickens did not show a consis-
tent economic advantage over two of the broiler strains, and that returns from the third
strain of broiler chickens over the cost of feed and the cost of the day-old birds in the first
experiment were equal to those from the roasters. In the second experiment they were higher
than those for the roasters.

- 30 -

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone:(403)427-2121 P nch

July 4, 1983

5

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SEEPAGE CONTROL IN DUGOUTS

Anyone who is planning to construct a dugout should choose the site on the basis
of its soil type.

A clay soil is usually the ideal soil for a dugout. The exception is a clay soil that
contains a calcium deposit. Sandy soils permit a high level of seepage as does a soil that
contains layers of sand.

There are a number of methods that can be used to seal a dugout. One is called
gleization. It has been used successfully in Russia for many years and entails lining the
dugout with an organic material, such as straw, and then covering the straw with soil. The
microorganisms that grow in the straw gradually develop a layer of material that is impervious
to water. This method is particularly effective in a dugout which is leaking because of a
fractured till formation.

Another method is to line the dugout with clay. The success of this type of lining
will depend upon the clay content of the soil. Its content can be determined by taking a
handful of the soil and rolling it on a flat surface to form a rod about the thickness of the
little finger. If it is suitable for a clay lining it will be possible to form the rod into a closed
ring without breaking it.

Polyethylene liners are frequently used in dugouts. They should have a minimum
thickness of 0.162 mm (6 mil) and they come in rolls of 6 m x 50 m (20' x 100') or 12 m x
30 m (40' X 100'). They can be joined with two-sided tape, by sewing or by heat-sealing. .

Butyl rubber liners are also used in dugouts. They are reliable, relatively long-
lasting and will not deteriorate like polyethylene if exposed to direct sunlight.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dlbcrra

AGRICULT

-2-

6

Seepage Control In Dugouts (cont'd)

Then there are the chemical methods of preventing seepage losses in a dugout.
They need to be repeated every few years, and they do not normally give as long service as
the physical methods. Also, it is advisable to have the dugout water chemically analyzed
before drinking it when the dugout has been sealed by one of the chemical methods.

Detailed information on the above methods is contained in a publication entit.ed
"Seepage Control in Dugouts" (Agdex 716 (B32)). It can be obtained from district agricul-
turists or by writing the Print Media Office, Agriculture Building, 7000 - 1 13 Street,
Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

July 4, 1983 7
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ESTIMATING BUILDING COSTS

The use of Alberta Agriculture's Computer Program for Estimating Farm
Building Costs is available to farmers in [he province, free of charge, through their
regional engineers and district agricultut ists.

Tfie program was designed by the engineering and rural services division
to enable farmers to estimate the material and labor costs that would be incurred in
the construction of a standard stud wall, truss-roofed building or a pole frame, truss-
roofed building. The computer can estimate the amount of skilled and unskilled
labor that would be required for each of the building components and it can calcul-
ate a partial bill for the materials that would be involved. And local prices and price
changes for materials can be substituted in the program.

More details on the program can be obtained from Alberta Agriculture's

systems engineer, Dave Scott, regional engineers or from a publication entitled

"Computer Program for Estimating Farm Building Costs" (Agdex 710-1 ). It is

available from district agriculturists or by writing to the Publications Office,
AlbRrta Agriculture, 7000 - 1 13 Strec-, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlberra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

July 4, 1983 8

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

BLOSSOM-END ROT ON TOMATOES AND PEPPERS

Blossom-end rot on tomatoes is confined to the blossom end of the fruit and
appears as a brownish, sunken, dead area. It is associated with environmental conditions and
is not caused by a pathogenic microorganism.

However, according to Dr. Ronald Howard, plant pathologist at the Alberta Horti-
cultural Research Center in Brooks, secondary organisms occasionally invade this dry, firm
tissue and produce a soft rot. He says internal blackening of the fruit, known as biack-
heart, can also occur and may be present without any external symptoms.

Blossom-end rot usually follows a drought or highly fluctuating moisture cond-
itions. In fact, an excessive amount of moisture preceding a drought encourages the disorder,
and early fruit is more often affected than later fruit.

Dr. Howard points out that a calcium deficiency is a fundamental cause of blos-
som-end rot. "This deficiency", he explains, "may occur because of an inadequate level of
calcium in the soil, because of a heavy demand for it by rapidly growing plants or because of
an insufficient amount of soil moisture to make the calcium available to the plants."

Hence, he recommends watering tomato plants during a dry period to keep the
soil's moisture level as even as possible. He also recommends avoiding a crowded planting
pattern and severe pruning. During a dry period the plants should be cultivated shallowly or
mulched to keep the weeds down.

Dr. Howard also recommends applying lime to soils that are known to be deficient
in calcium and avoiding the excessive use of a commercial fertilizer that contains a high level
of soluble salts. In addition, a foliar spray of calcium can be applied when the first fruit is
about the size of a golf ball. The number of applications that will be required will depend
upon the level of calcium in the soil and ils balance in relation to the other elements. How-
ever, more than three or four applications could cause marginal leaf burn.

30

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

July 4, 1983

9

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

COPLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID

White cottony specks on the branches of spruce trees and green to reddish purple
galls on their new growth indicates that they are infested with the Cooley spruce gall aphid.

Most species of spruce are susceptible to attack by these
insects, but damage is most noticeable on white and Colorado spruce.
However, it is mainly cosmetic in that the galls remain on the branches
for two or three years making the trees somewliat unsightly. Old
galls have mouth-like openings, stunted needle-like projections and are
reddish-brown. A really heavy infestation may affect the growth and
vigor of a tree, but will rarely kill it.

In a heavy infestation of gall aphids, an entire tree can be

covered with white cottony specks, which are produced by the female Cooley Spruce

Gall Aphid

aphids to protect their eggs. When the first generation of nymphs hatch, they feed at the
base of newly emerged needles, and are protected by galls, which are initiated by a salivary
secretion from the mother. The galls are about 5 cn long and co'itain hundreds of nymiphs.
Succeeding generations of nymphs, of which there may be as many as five over a summer,
feed on the branches where they suck the sap out of the old needles.

- (cont'd) -

ydlborra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 P^'^t Media Branch

10

-2-

Cooley Spruce Gall Aphid (cont'd)

Since the Cooley spruce gall aphid has very few natural enemies, control may be
necessary if the infestation is heavy. One of the recommended methods entails picking off
the new galls as they form and burning them. This will improve the appearance of the tree
and help to reduce the aphid population. The other method is to spray the tree with Sevin
60 WP or malathion, according to label directions.

Information on the Cooley spruce gall aphid is contained in a federal publication
entitled "Cooley Spruce Gall Aphid". It can be obtained in Alberta from district agricul-
turists or by writing to the Publications Office, Agriculture Building, 7000 - 113 Street,
Edmonton. Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

July 4, 1983

11

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING FOR USE WITH PESTICIDES

If you are one of many fai m wives in Alberta who have been wondering what is the
best way to launder pcsticide-containinated clothing, here are sonne useful suggestions from the
provincial clothing and textile specialist, Bertha Eggertson.

She says that special care must be taken when handling and washing pesticide-
contaminated clothes to protect both the person handling and washing them and the person
who will be wearing them again. And she points out that if proper laundering procedures are
not followed after each wearing, the chemicals may stay in the clothing and be absorbed by
the wearer's skin.

Here is the washing procedure she recommends:-

Wear rubber gloves when handling pesticide-contaminated clothing.

Discard any items that have been saturated with a full-strength chemical
concentrate.

Store contaminated clothing in a disposable plastic garbage bag until the
items are washed.

Wash the clothes after spraying has been completed for the day.
Wash them separately from other clothing.
Do not overcrowd the washing machine.

Pre-rinse contaminated clothing by using the pre-soak cycle on an automatic
washing machine.

Use the hot water setting.

Use the full water level.

Use a normal cycle.

Use a heavy duty detergent.

Repeat the wash two or xhrv.e times if the clothing is badly contaminated.

(cont'd)

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

12

-2-

Protective Clothing For Use With Pesticides (cont'd)

Dry the clothes on a line to avoid the possibility of contaminating the dryer.

Rinse the washing nnachine when the wash is finished by running hot water
through its full cycle.

The above information plus information on the type of protective clothing that
should be worn when using pesticides and the type of protection that is recommended for
the face is contained in a new publication entitled "Protective Clothing For Use With Pest-
icides" (Homedex 1353-90). It can be obtained by writing to the Publications Office,
Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

July 4, 1983 1^

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

DIRECTOR OF RESOURCE PLANNING APPOINTED

Dr. A. 0. Olson, Alberta Agriculture's assistant deputy minister responsible for
research and resource development, has announced the appointment cf Brian Colgan to the
position of director of the resource planning division. His appointment is effective
immediately.

This position was created as a result of the department's recent reorganization,
which combined land and water resource development into a single sector. And the new
division is comprised of the land use activities and the land classification and the project
planning branches of the former irrigation division.

Mr. Colgan takes over the position after having directed the department's land
use activities section for the last two and one-half years.

As director of resource planning, he will be responsible for the day-to-day
administration of the division as well as for directing the planning and background study
necessary to co-ordinate departmental initiatives in land and water resource development.

Raised on a mixed farm near Olds and a graduate of the University of Alberia's
Faculty of Agriculture, Mr. Colgan has more than 10 years service with Alberta Agriculture.
It includes eight years as district agriculturist at Leduc.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

•LTURE

P nch

July 4, 1983 14

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ADC APPOINTS NEW LOAN REVIEW OFFICER

Randy Niven, manager of farnn lending with the Agriculture Devel-
opment Corporation (ADC) has announced the appointment of Saroj Gyawali of
Fairview to the position of loan review officer in Camrose.

Mr. Gyawali was born and raised in Nepal, and was employed by the
Agricultural Development Bank in Nepal for four years. He then moved to
Australia where he graduated in 1977 with a masters degree in agricultural econ-
omics from the Australian National University.

Mr. Gyawali emigrated to Canada in 1978 and commenced employment
in February 1980 with ADC as a loan officer in Fairview. His interests and
hobbies include photography, camping and hiking.

-30-

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-2 1 2 1 P' ' '"^la Branch

July 4, 1983 1

COMING AGRICULTURAL EVENTS

1983

Provincial Agricultural Service Board Tour

Picture Butte, Alberta July 6 8

Calgary Exhibition and Stampede
Stampede Park

Calgary, Alberta July 8-17

REDA Teen Seminar A
Goldeye Centre

Rocky Mountain House, Alberta July 9 - 15

Agricultural Institute of Canada

Truro, Nova Scotia July 10 - 14

Canadian Home Economics Association Conference

Saint John New Brunswick July 10 - 14

REDA Youth Seminar A
Goldeye Centre

Rocky Mountain House, Alberta July 15 - 21

Annual Conference of Ministers and Deputy Ministers of Agriculture
Brudenell Resort

Cardigan, Prince Edward Island July 17-22

Alberta Women's Week
Olds College

Olds, Alberta July 18 - 21

1983 World Show and Sale of Charolais Cattle
Red Deer Exhibition Grounds

Red Deer, Alberta July 18 23

REDA Teen Seminar B
Goldeye Centre

Rocky Mountain House, Alberta July 21 - 27

Edmonton's Klondike Days Exposition
Northlands Grounds

Edmonton, Alberta July 21 - 30

Alberta Horticulture Week
Olds College

Olds, Alberta July 24 ■ 29

REDA Youth Seminar B
Goldeye Centre

Rocky Mountain House, Alberta July 27 - August 2

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Ahexio

16

Coming Agricultural Events (cont'd)

Whoop Up Days - Agricultural Summer Fair
Lethbridge Exhibition Grounds

Lethbridge, Alberta August 1 - 6

RE DA Teen Seminar C
Goldeye Centre

Rocky Mountain House, Alberta August 2 - 8

Canadian Cattlemen's Association — Semi-Annual Meeting

Kamloops, B.C August 4 - 6

International Congress on Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination
Grand Forks

North Dakota, U.S. A August 7-11

International Trading and Development Conference

Holland August 15 - 19

National Dairy Council of Canada - Annual Convention
Westin Hotel,

Edmonton, Alberta September 11-13

Canadian Agricultural Extension Council

London, Ontario September 12-16

Poultry Servicemen's Workshop
Lake Louise Inn

Banff, Alberta September 19 21

Round-Up '83
Stampede Park

Calgary, Alberta October 26 - 30

The Alberta Beekeepers Association's 50th Annual Convention
Mayfield Inn

Edmonton, Alberta November 2 - 4

Northlands Farmfair
AgriCom Building
Northlands Grounds

Edmonton, Alberta November 3-13

Women of Unifarm — Annual Convention
Capri Centre

Red Deer, Alberta November 8 - 9

Taking Stock — Market Prospects for Cattle and Hogs
Convention Inn South

Edmonton, Alberta November 9

17

Coming Agricultural Events (cont'd)

- 3

Saskatoon Fall Fair and Mexabition
Prairieland Exhibition Grounds

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan November 18-22

Canadian Western Agribition
Exhibition Grounds

Regina, Saskatchewan November 25 - December 2

The Canadian Federation of Agriculture Standing
Committee on Vegetables for Processing Convention
Westin Hotel

Calgary, Alberta December 1 2

Alberta Polled Hereford Society — Annual Meeting

Red Deer, Alberta December 4

Alberta Cattle Commission Annual Meeting
Edmonton Inn

Edmonton, Alberta December 6 - 7

1984_

Unifarm Annual Convention
Westin Hotel

Edmonton Alberta January 9 - 13

Alberta Canola Growers Association — Annual Convention
Four Seasons Hotel

Edmonton, Alberta January 25 - 27

Canadian Charolais Association Annual Meeting and Convention
Holiday Inn ^ Downtown

London, Ontario February 2 - 4

Alberta Dairymen's Annual Convention
Convention Inn

Edmonton Alberta February 6 8

Canadian Federation of Agriculture — Annual Meeting

Edmonton, Alberta February 7 - 9

Alberta Polled Hereford Society - Annual Show and Sale
Westerner Exposition Grounds

Red Deer, Alberta March 9 10

International Congress on Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination
Urbana, Champaign

Illinois, U S A June 10 - 14

Ahexio

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

18

-4-

Coming Agricultural Events (cont'd)

National Alfalfa Improvement Conference
Lethbridge, Alberta

Edmonton's Klondike Days Exposition
Northlands Grounds

Edmonton, Alberta

Canadian Society of Soil Science
Banff School of Fine Arts
Banff, Alberta

. . July 16 - 20
. . July 19 - 28
August 26 29

LA.

July 11, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Alberta Crow Consensus Possible 1

Minister Wants Changes To Feed Grain Policy 3

Wheat Price Outlook 4

Feed Grain Price Outlook 6

Sclerotinia Control In Canola Crops 8

Oilseed Price Outlook 9

No Dioxins in 2,4-D 11

Cleavers — A Serious Weed For Canola Growers 13

Suppressing Fairy Rings 14

Making Jams And Jellies With Less Sugar 16

/dibena

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

July 11, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

1

ALBERTA CROW CONSENSUS POSSIBLE

In a joint press release the Alberta minister of agriculture and leaders of five
major Alberta producer organizations announced that discussions have produced some agree-
ment on principles applicable to the Crow rate reform.

The minister, LeRoy Fjordbotten, A. MacPherson of the Alberta Wheat Pool,
S. Bell of Unifarm, S. Berg of the Alberta Cattle Commission, D. Felstad of the Alberta
Pork Producers Marketing Board and T. Allen of the United Grain Growers have all agreed
that a proposal worked out at the group's direction has considerable merit and should be
recommended to producers and processors for serious consideration. If the producers in
the province agree, said Mr. Fjordbotten, we will see that elusive "consensus" on Crow
reform emerge.

Over the last few weeks the group has been engaged in confidential discussions,
relative to the concept embodied in the so-called "freedom of choice" option, in an attempt
to flesh out details for a concept that holds some promise as an alternative approach to the
method of payment proposals contained in Bill C-155. Discussion within the farm leaders'
group concentrated on avoiding concerns with previous payment proposals and resulted in a
method of calculating individual producer entitlements that was not solely determined by
acreage calculations. Called the "Double 80 Solution", the proposal relies on the so-called
freedom of choice option to the extent that it represents an opportunity for producers to
choose the way they will receive all or a portion of the proposed entitlements to federal
Crow benefit payments through accounts established on their behalf by the Western Grain
Stabilization Administration. Producers could elect to receive their entitlements directly in
cash or by payment directly to the railways on the producers' behalf.

The reference to "Double 80" arises from the limit of 80 per cent placed upon
the amount of Crow benefit available for producers' choice, and from the limit of 80 per cent

(cont'd)

A\bex\o

AGRICULTURE

Phone:(403)427-2121 Print Media Branch

-2-

2

Alberta Crow Consensus Possible (cont'd)

placed on any entitlennent that might result from acreage and productivity calculations used
as an alternative to proven marketings.

The minister said that he and the farm leaders had agreed to further develop the
package and to present it to the members of their organizations for consideration and discus-
sion. Although nothing precludes consideration of other proposals, each of the participants
in the meetings felt pleased with what had been accomplished to date and confident that
further development of the proposal would produce further progress.

The group emphasized that a resolution of the Crow rate issue in a manner that
would benefit all producers and the agricultural processing industry in total is essential to the
health and viability of the agricultural base. It called for an objective review of the "Double
80 Solution" by all those involved in and affected by the Crow debate.

-30-

3

July 11, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MINISTER WANTS CHANGES TO FEED GRAIN POLICY

Alberta's minister of agriculture, LeRoy Fjordbotten, wants changes in Canada's
feed gram policy.

In releasing the contents of a Telex forwarded to the federal agriculture nninister,
Eugene Whelan, Mr. Fjordbotten said there are several issues on which he wants action. One
deals with feed grain quotas. The minister feels strongly that Canadian Wheat Board quota
restrictions on non board feed grains should be removed within the board's designated area.
Each grain company could administer its own space controls if it deems them to be necessary.
The agriculture minister also requested that the wheat board be relieved of its authority for
issLiing grain import permits. #

Mr. Fjordbotten feels that the needs of feed grain producers and users, regardless
of their location in Canada, can best be served by a policy which allows buyers and sellers
to come together and establish their own conditions for sale. He said "The problems and
complications of the present system seem to occur when the Canadian Wheat Board becomes
involved, and in particular when Eastern feeders rely on the Canadian Wheat Board for
cash grain supplies". He went on to say that the wheat board is not designed, nor does it
function, as an effective supplier of domestic feed grain for spot sales.

"The strength of the Canadian Wheat Board should be in contractual export
sales", he said. "Efforts to direct it to sell feed grain into the domestic market will continue
to be very frustrating and likely unrewarding."

And he added that action must be taken on the Crow issue (Bill C-155) to remove
economic distortions which affect the pricing of Prair ie feed grains.

- 30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

4

July 11, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

WHEAT PRICE OUTLOOK

World wheat prices are not expected to be any better during the 1983-84 crop
year than they were during the last crop year, according to Alberta Agriculture's grain mar-
keting economist, Les Lyster.

He says "We expect world wheat prices to be under pressure until late July or
August and to remain weak during the 1983-84 crop year. The Canadian Wheat Board's
asking price for No. 1CWRS 13.5 per cent at Vancouver is forecast to decline to $215 to
$220 per tonne range, and asking prices at Thunder Bay for top grade wheat are expected
to bottom out at around $190 per tonne. After that we expect a modest seasonal price
recovery of $10 to $20 per tonne into the winter of 1984".

Mr. Lyster points out that large wheat and feed grain supplies, a stagnant
demand for wheat and a strong American dollar against other major world currencies are
all negative factors from the point of view of North American wheat prices.

World wheat production for 1983-84 is currently estimated by the United
States Department of Agriculture to be 470 million tonnes, which would be only 10 million
tonnes less than the record 1982-83 crop. And world wheat usage for 1983-84 is estimated
at about 460 million tonnes or one per cent below the 1982-83 level.

World wheat carryover stocks for 1983-84 are projected to be 108 million
tonnes or about 10 million tonnes above the 1982-83 carryover and 25 million tonnes above
the 1981-82 carryover. Hence, on a tonnage basis, 1983-84 world wheat carryover stocks
are expected to be the largest they have been since 1968-69 when they reached the 115
million tonne level. The stock/use ratio predicted for 1983-84 at 23.6 per cent is similar to
that of 1978-79.

- (cont'd) -

/diberra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

5

-2-

Wheat Price Outlook (cont'd) -

Despite the fact that Canadian wheat exports reached a record level during a
sluggish world wheat trade in 1982-83, they were not sufficient to prevent a further buildup
in this country's carryover stocks. And since Canadian farmers planted an enormous wheat
crop this year, Mr. Lyster says supplies will continue to be large if yields are anywhere near
normal.

The above article is based on information that was available in June, 1983.

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July 11, 1983

6

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FEED GRAIN PRICE OUTLOOK

Alberta Aiir iculture's grain marketing economist, Les Lyster, is not optimistic
about feed gram prices in the 1983-84 crop year.

However, he tliinks that July will see the bottom of the barley market and that
non-board prices should strengthen slowly from August into the spring of 1984. Up to now
the non-board market has been under pressure from an increase in farmer selling, but this is
expected to ease off. Mr. Lyster believes that non-board barley country elevator bids will
have recovered to $85 or $90 per tonne by February-March 1984.

Canadian domestic barley usage during 1983-84 is expected to be above the
1982-83 level, and Canadian barley exports for the 1983-84 crop year are expected to be
similar to those of the 1982-83 crop year. As of July 1984, carryover stocks should be
around 4.2 million tonnes or 1.4 million tonnes below the record carryover projected for
July 1983 and similar to those of 1982.

Mr. Lyster reports that Canadian farmers planted 11.4 million acres of barley
last spring, which is 14 per cent lower than the acreage planted in 1982. And the 1983
Canadian barley crop is expected to be about 1 1 .5 million tonnes or 2.6 million tonnes lower
than the record 1982 barley crop. Total 1983-84 Canadian barley supplies are projected to
be 17.1 million tonnes or 1 .1 million tonnes below the record 1982-83 supply level.

Mr. Lyster does not expect any final payment for barley delivered to the
Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) in the 1982-83 crop year. Although he expects barley prices
in the export market during 1983-84 to be only slightly above those of 1982-83, he thinks
the final payment for barley delivered to the board in the 1983-84 crop year will be a
reasonable one because of the lower initial payment.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/diberra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

-2-

7

Feed Grain Price Outlook (cont'd)

CWB quotas for the 1983-84 crop year are expected to be slightly bigger than
they were in 1982-83 because of a drop in assigned acres. However, they are expected to
remain restrictive.

The above article is based on information that was available in June, 1983.

-30-

8

July 11, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SCLEROTINIA CONTROL IN CANQLA CROPS

To date weather conditions over most of Alberta appear to favor significant
losses in canola crops from sclerotinia.

In view of this outlook, Dr. leuan Evans thinks that farmers in those areas where
the disease has been a problem in previous years would be wise to consider an aerial appli-
cation of the fungicide benomyl. Dr. Evans is a plant pathologist with Alberta Agriculture.

He reports that in field trials carried out by Alberta Agriculture personnel at 15
sites in west-central Albetta in 1981, canola yield increases ranged from 168 to more than
1400 kg/ha when benomyl was applied by aircraft at the rate of 1.12 kg of product per
hectare to Altex canola crops that were in the one-third-bloom stage. He also says that in
similar trials involving Candle, the level of disease was reduced but there was no apparent
yield increase.

While yield increase figures are not available for some 1 0,000 hectares of Polish
and Argentine canola varieties that were sprayed with benomyl in central and west-central
Alberta last year, Dr. Evans says that extension personnel reported that evaluations of
disease control and yield increases by farmers ranged from good to excellent.

Further information on the sclerotinia situation in specific areas of the
province can be obtained from district agriculturists.

- 30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

Print Medi.

July 11, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

9

0 1 LSEED PRICE OUTLOOK
The cash flow from canola is expected to be better than that for either wheat or

barley.

Les Lyster, grain marketing economist with Alberta Agriculture, reports that
both cenola exports and the crush are expected to increase during the 1983-84 crop year and
that domestic usage will probably be around 950,000 tonnes. However, as usual, the crush
rate will depend upon the availability of supplies, crush margins, etc.

Canola exports are likely to increase to the 1.35 million tonne level, which
would leave carryover stocks in July 1984 of about 725,000 tonnes. Although they would
be slightly above the current year's level, a carryover of this size would still be well below
those of 1979 to 1981.

Although canola futures have declined by about $25 per tonne since the spring,
Mr. Lyster does not expect prices to decline much below their current level of around $300
per tonne, basis the November contact. However, he does expect the basis level to have
widened by harvesting time to between $45 and $55 per tonne. Hence, country elevator
bids are expected to be mainly in the $245 to $255 per tonne range by harvesting time.
"After that" says Mr. Lyster, "prices should begin to rise slowly to around $270 to $280
per tonne by February-March 1984."

According to Mr. Lyster, tfiere is more uncertainty than usual this year about
canola prices because the Crow Rate issue and tfie related issues of oil and meal freight
rates east of Thunder Bay have not yet been resolved. He says the timing and method of
resolving these issues will have an important impact on crushing margins and on the viability
of the Western crushing industry.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-2121

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

-2-

10

Oilseed Price Outlook (cont'd)

American soybean carryover stocks on September 1, 1983 are projected to
have reached a record 440 million bushels, which would be well above the September, 1982
carryover of 266 million bushels. And the U.S. 1983 soybean crop is expected to be around
2 billion bushels or 11 per cent below that of 1982. Mr. Lyster points out that a crop of
this size would result in 1983-84 soybean supplies of about 2.46 billion bushels or 3 per cent
lower than the record 1982-83 supplies.

The above article is based on information that was available in June, 1983.

-30-

11

July 11, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

NO DIOXINS IN 2,4-D

Many people still think that 2,4-D contains dioxins and some think that the use
of 2 4-D is banned in Alberta. Neither is the case, according to Alberta Agriculture's pest-
icide issues coordinator. Dr. Moe Hussain.

He explains that when dioxins were found in 2,4-D products a few years ago, the
federal government asked all the 2,4-D manufacturers to remove them. The manufacturers
were so cooperative that the federal government did not have to ban the use of any 2,4-D
products. Since tfien Agriculture Canada has been moriitoring 2,4-D products to make sure
that none contains dioxins.

Dr. Hussain says that 2,4-D is used in such products as Killex, Weedex, 2,4-D
Amine 500, Estemine 500 2,4-D and the Dandelion Bar, and that it is an excellent herbicide.
It has also had a good safety record over the 40 or more years that it has been in use.
Dr. Hussain also says that 2,4-D products will not cause poisoning, but that both users and

bystanders should avoid any exposure to them because the petroleum solvents contained in
them can cause headaches and diarrhea. When these symptoms occur, they usually last for
about 24 hours, but they do not cause any permanent health damage.

According to Dr. Hussain, some people have associated the dioxins that used to
be found in 2,4-D with the one that used to be found in 2,4,5-T. Although this herbicide is
a close relation of 2,4-D, the dioxin that was found in it was over 15,000 times more hazar-
dous than the dioxins that were in 2,4-D. Known as TCDD, the 2,4,5-T dioxin can cause a

skin disease in people and induce birth defects in rats, neither of which is the case with the
dioxins that were in 2,4-D.

- (cont'd) -

/dibcrra

Phone:(403)427-2121 F icli

-2-

12

No Dioxins In 2,4-D (cont'd)

As with 2,4-D, the federal government required the manufacturers of 2,4, 5-T to
remove TCDD from their products. This they have done, but products containing 2,4, 5-T are
not being used in Alberta because of the difficulty of obtaining them.

Dr. Hussain says "The fact that this excellent herbicide is not on the market in
this province has created serious problems for farmers who want to control brush in their
fields and pastures. No other product has been found that can do as good a job as 2,4, 5-T
and farmers are really frustrated".

-30-

13

July 11, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CLEAVERS - A SERIOUS WEED FOR CANOLA GROWERS

The annual weed, cleavers, is of particular concern to canola growers because
its seeds are so similar to those of canola that it is virtually impossible to separate the two
and because the trailing bristly nature of the plants makes the handling of contaminated
canola crops difficult. Canola seed that is contaminated with cleavers will be down
graded.

Cleavers grows in damp, moist soils, such as are found in cultivated fields; under
and around shrubbery and in gardens, lawns and wooded areas. Its trailing stem is four-sided
with each corner bearing a row of stiff downward-pointing bristles, which occasionally
cling together, giving the stem a sticky feeling. The leaves grow in groups of six to eight
whorls along the entire length of the stem. Each leaf is two to five cm long and has a rough
surface. The whitish-green flowers of tfiis weed are borne on slender stalks that arise
in groups of four to nine from tfie upper leaf axil.

Peter Funk, district agriculturist at Red Deer, says the cultural methods that
are recommended for controlling cleavers are the same as those recommended for other
annual weeds. They include an early, shallow cultivation to encourage the seeds to germinate
and a tillage operation to destroy the young seedlings.

Mr. Funk suggests that those interested in trying to control cleavers with
chemicals should contact the district agriculturist.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

July 11, 1983

14

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SUPPRESSING FAIRY RINGS

Although there is still no known effective and sinnple way of eradicating fairy
rings in lawns or on fairways and other grassed areas, it is possible to suppress the growth
of the fungus that causes this condition, according to Dr. Ronald Howard, plant pathologist
at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center in Brooks.

Fairy rings are either circulai or semi-circular variable-sized patches of dead
grass that are usually surrounded by an outer ring of daik green grass. In the fall and during
a period of wet weather, tan-colored toadstools can be seen growing in the dark green
grass. Because they produce spores that spread the fungus, they should be picked
and destroyed.

"The fungus that causes fairy rings", says Dr. Howard, "forms a thick white
mat of fungal growth which eventually prevents any moisture from reaching the roots of the
grass, thereby causing it to die off. However, in very wet weather it is possible to have
dark green circular areas of grass with no patches of dead grass in the centre. In such cases
the condition has not yet progressed to the point where the fungal mat has strangled the
grass. The dark green areas of grass and the dark green rings around patches of dead grass
are due to the release of nitrogen by the dying roots of the strangled grass or by
the decomposing fungal mat or both". Dr. Howaici says fairy rings are rarely seen in turf
that is less than five years old.

Since dehydration is the main cause of fairy ring damage, one method of
minimizing it if the ring is small is to pierce the soil repeatedly in and around the dark green
ring to a depth of six inches or more with a garden fork. This will allow water to penetrate
the thick fungal mat.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/diberra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

15

-2-

Suppressing Fairy Rings (cont'd)

Another method is to punch holes that are about three inches apart, a quarter
to an inch in diameter and more than a foot deep in the dead grass and in the dark green
ring. Then attach a tree feeding lance to a regular garden hose and force water into the holes.
Dr. Howard recommends watering the area frequently for a month or more during warm
weather or about every two days during a dry spell. And he recommends fertilizing the
grass regularly with a nitrogen fertilizer that is suitable for turf. Although the above
procedures may not eliminate the fairy ring fungus, they will prevent it from killing the grass.

When only a few fairy rings are present, Dr. Howard says it may be practical
in some cases to remove the green ring of grass, plus 18 inches of turf on either
side. He stresses that great care should be taken to avoid dropping any of the turf or soil
on the rest of the grass. Then the soil in the area from which the turf was taken should be
removed to a depth of a least 18 inches and replaced by fresh top soil, which can be either
returfed or seeded.

- 30 -

July 11, 1983

16

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MAKING JAMS AND JE LLI ES WITH LESS SUGAR

Making jams and jellies with less sugar has become increasingly popular in the
last few years.

According to Alberta Agriculture's regional food and nutrition specialist, Cathy
Sinnott, there, are several ways to cut down the sugar content of these products, the most
obvious of which is to reduce the amount of sugar in the recipe. However, she points out
that because the sugar, in combination with the pectin, plays an important role in the
structure of both jams and jellies, a reduction in the amount of sugar used can result in a
softer gell, and in extreme cases, in a syrup. This means that the sugar can be reduced
slightly if the person making the jam or jelly is prepared to accept a softer product.

"Another way that the sugar content of jams and jellies can be reduced," says
Ms. Sinnott, "is to use the commercial pectin product called Slim Set. It was specifically
developed for this purpose, and the package contains both instructions and recipes."

Ms. Sinnott also points out that there are recipes that are designed for sugarless
jams and jellies. These products contain an artificial sweetener and usually include a gelling
agent such as pectin or gelatin. However, because sugar is crucial to the keeping quality of
jams and jellies, those made without any sugar will not keep in a refrigerator for more than
four to six weeks.

Then there is a new low methoxyl pectin on the market which is used with
calcium ions instead of sugar to form the gel structure of jams and jellies. Ms. Sinnott says
it is not widely available, but that it can be found in some health food stores.

Anyone interested in traditional jams and jellies will find a new federal publi-
cation called "Jams, Jellies and Other Preserves" worth obtaining. It outlines the techniques
used for making traditional jams and jellies and includes recipes that do not call for the
addition of pectin. It also contains a section on problems that are often encountered when
making jam and jelly.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibsrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Making Jams and Jellies with Less Sugar (cont'd)

Although people are now questioning the traditional high sugar products from
the point of view of health, Mrs. Sinnott says they are perfectly acceptable as long as they
are eaten in moderation.

Copies of "Jams, Jellies and Other Preserves" can be obtained from the
Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, KIA 0C7.

-30-

July 18, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Crop Conditions In Alberta 1

Lontrel Registration Expected 3

Response Of Steers To Trace Minerals On Pasture 4

Fireblight And Its Control 6

Maintaining The High Quality Of Sweet Corn 8

How To Select And Work With A Professional Advisor 9

Agriculture Featured In Children's Television Series 12

4-H Expressions Scheduled For Olds College 14

Joint Field Day! 15

Crops Field Day At Alberta Environmental Centre 16

AUG -5 1983

Phone:(403)427-2121

/diberia

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

July 18, 1983

1

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CROP CONDITIONS IN ALBERTA

Spraying operations, and to a lesser extent, haying operations, have been seriously
hampered by an excessive amount ol rain in many areas of central and northern Alberta.

Marilyn Johnson, statistician with Alberta Agriculture, reports that the portion of
the province that has suffered the most from excessive moisture lies between Lacombe and
Barrhead and west of Vegreville. She says that it has been impossible fo" many farmers
whose fields are in low lying areas to spray, and that dockage is expected to be higher than
usual as a result of the very poor spraying conditions.

Although the early July rain benefited crops in southern regions of the province,

it was not so welcome in central and northern Alberta where cereal crops in low lying areas
started to turn yellow from too much moisture. However, if these areas receive 10 to 14 days
of warm dry weather, yields are unlikely to be affected to any extent, Ms. Johnson says.

Unfortunately, the very northern areas of Fort Vermilion and High Level, where
moisture was badly needed, did not get any of the recent rain.

But, on a provincial basis, crops are reported to be in good condition with most of
the cereals either in the shot blade or the heading stage. Canola crops are in bloom and fall-
seeded crops are in the early dough stage.

According to Ms. Johnson, haying operations are well underway in southern
Alberta, but dryland hay yields are below normal, and the quality of the hay is only fair.
Haying and silage operations are also undeway in the remainder of Alberta, but, again, hay
yields are expected to be below normal in both central and northern parts of the province.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Crop Conditions In Alberta (cont'd)

Ms. Johnson reports that hail storms were frequently reported in the first week of
July, and that they varied in intensity from very light to severe. She notes that most district
offices in southern Alberta reported hail storms and that a hail swath five miles wide and
20 miles long was reported in the Taber area. It damaged crops, irrigation systems, buildings
and trees. Other hail storms occurred in the Oyen and Legal areas, with the latter causing
extensive crop damage.

-30-

July 18, 1983

3

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

LONTREL REGISTRATION EXPECTED

Dow Chemical Canada Inc. is expecting the herbicide Lontrel 360 to be registered
by the federal governnnent upon the completion of two tests that are now underway. Lontrel
360 was developed to control Canada thistles in canola crops.

Dr. Moe Hussain, pesticide issues coordinator with Alberta Agriculture, reports
that Dow Chemical has repeated all but one of the toxicology tests that had been conducted
by the now discredited Industrial Biotest Inc. The toxicology test that still remains to be
completed involves routine animal reproduction studies.

In the other test, which involves the field performance on Lontrel, the chemical
was applied to 5,000 hectares of canola crops in Western Canada. And in Alberta Dow Chem-
ical and Alberta Agriculture will be monitoring the performance and possible persistence of
the chemical during the present growing season in nearly 500 fields.

Upon completion of the tests, Dow Chemical will forward the data to the federal
government for an evaluation.

Dr. Hussain points out that although Lontrel is not yet registered in Canada, the

active ingredient, 3-6 dichloropicolinic acid, has been registered for use in a number of
countries, which include France, Italy and the United Kingdom. He says "Lontrel is not
registered for use in Canada because our requirements for pesticide registration are much
more stringent than those in many other countries."

Denise Maurice, supervisor of weed research with Alberta Agriculture, believes
that the registration of Lontrel will be of great benefit to farmers who, at the present time,
have to resort to summerfal lowing when they have Canada thistle-infested canola crops.
"While summerfallowing only suppresses the thistles, one application of Lontrel will control
them for one to two years," she says.

■ 30

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AhexiQ

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

July 18, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

RESPONSE OF STEERS TO TRACE MINERALS ON PASTURE
by Ross Gould, Beef Cattle and Sheep Branch, Alberta Agriculture

The nutrition section of the beef cattle and sheep branch of Alberta Agriculture
has found that over 80 per cent of the forage samples they analyzed were marginal to deficient
in the trace minerals copper and zinc.

These two trace minerals are essential in enzyme systems which are involved with
the growth of bones, hair and muscle protein as well as in the metabolism of vitamin A and the
hemoglobin in red blood cells. Deficiencies can result in nutritional anemia, bleached hair,
bone and joint weaknesses, lameness, hoof problems, nervous disorders, stunted growth and
problems in reproduction. With this in mind, the nutrition and special projects section of the
beef cattle and sheep branch began a cooperative trial with the grazing reserves section of
Alberta Energy and Natural Resources on the Thorhild Grazing Reserve. The purpose of the
trial was to find out whether the provision of a trace mineral fortified-salt would increase
the gains of yearling steers on pasture.
Grazing Reserve Trial

In each of the past two years (1981 and 1982) yearling steers from patrons were
allocated randomly to two pastures. Steers in the control pasture received cobalt-
iodized salt and a range mineral containing equal parts of calcium and phosphorus
(1:1 mineral). Steers in the trace mineral pasture received a cobalt iodized-salt which
was also fortified with copper, zinc, manganese and selenium. Steers in the trace mineral
pasture also received the 1 ; 1 mineral.

Twenty-five steers were allocated to each treatment group in 1981 and 35 to
each group in 1982, and each steer had access to 3.2 acres of renovated pasture
which contained native grass species plus clovers. The pasture conditions in early 1982 were

- (cont'd) -

/dlbcrra

AGRICl

Phone:(403)427-2121 Print Me icn

-2-

Response of Steers to Trace Minerals on Pasture (cont'd)

dry, and gains in that year were lower than normal for the steers on both the control and
trace nnineral pastures. To test whether there were differences in the pastures themselves the
control and trace mineral treatments were switched between the two pastures in the
second year.
Results:

An analysis of results for the two years showed that over the four- month
grazing season, the steers on the control pasture gained 197.2 (plus/minus 19.5) pounds,
while those on the trace mineral pasture gained 216.9 (plus/minus 19.87) pounds. While
there was a difference of 19.7 pounds (10%) between the gains of cattle on trace mineral
and the control pastures, a preliminary analysis of the data did not show a statistical
significance. As a consequence, these results should be considered as preliminary. The analysis
of the results suggest that the gains of yearling steers on pasture will also be affected by the
type of growing season and individual pasture differences, even when the pastures are located
side by side. The extra gain obtained by providing trace mineral supplements on pastures will
also probably be affected by these factors. Nevertheless, the extra cost per animal of trace
mineral fortified-salt is so small, in comparison with cobalt-iodized salt, that a response of even
one-tenth of that shown in our results would still be profitable.

Since an analysis of forage samples taken from the pastures showed that they
were either marginal or deficient in copper, zinc, and selenium, a response to the trace mineral
fortified salt was expected.

- 30 -

6

July 18, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FIREBLIGHT AND ITS CONTROL

When the leaves, twigs and/or small branches of a healthy tree suddenly wilt and
turn brown in a few days, the cause could be fireblight.

Dr. leuan Evans, plant pathologist with Alberta Agriculture, reports that fireblight
attacks only trees and shrubs that belong to the rose family, and that the most susceptible of
these are mountain ash, crabapple, apple and pear trees and raspberry bushes. In some in-
stances the berries on a mountain ash tree and the immature apples on an apple or crabapple
tree will turn brown or black and droplets of bacterial "ooze" frequently appear on the fruit
during humid weather. Plum and cherry trees and saskatoon bushes are seldom attacked by
fireblight, and roses have never been known to be attacked.

According to Dr. Evans, weather conditions in Alberta during the last few weeks
have been favorable to the spread of this disease. And he says that the only thing that can be
done now for damaged trees or shrubs is to remove the infected twigs and/or small branches.
He also says that occasionally a tree that is badly infected will suddenly die.

He recommends removing infected twigs and branches with a diameter of less
than 2.5 cm (one inch) as soon as they are noticed. He also recommends cutting them off at
least 15 cm (6 inches) below the infected area. However, branches with a diameter that is
greater than 2.5 cm should not be removed until the dormant season to reduce the chances of
spreading the disease and to avoid stimulating the growth of side branches and suckers both
of which are very susceptible to fireblight. In the meantime, all the infected side branches
on a large branch should be taken off.

Also to reduce the possibility of spreading the infection, the cutting parts of all
pruning tools should be dipped in a one to nine solution of household bleach and water

- (cont'd) -

ydlberra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

-2-

7

Fireblight And Its Control (cont'd)

between each cut. An alternative would be to dip them in a one to 20 solution of Lysol and
water, in undiluted alcohol or in boiling water.

Dr. Evans recommends applying a pruning paint, available from most garden
centres, to all surfaces that have been cut during the growing season. However, this is not
necessary when the pruning is done during the dormant season.

Finally, all infected wood that is removed from a diseased tree should be either
put into a garbage container or immediately burned.

-30-

8

July 18, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MAINTAINING THE HIGH QUALITY OF SWEET CORN

People who sell hydrocooled Alberta sweet corn are justified in charging a prem-
ium for their product, but those who sell non-hydrocooled corn that has been sitting out in
the sun are not.

This is the opinion of Phil Dixon, district agriculturist at Rocky Mountain House,
who points out that sweet corn is one of the most perishable crops that is produced in
Alberta. He says, "It takes just a few hours of careless handling av harvesting time to ruin all
the hard work that has gone into its production". Sweet corn has been specifically bred for
its sugar content, and its quality is determined by the amount of sugar its contains.
Mr. Dixon says, "Sweet corn that contains no sugar is virtually no different to grain corn,
which is used for animal feed."

To prevent the sugar in sweet corn from turning into starch, the corn has to be
hydrocooled as soon as it has been harvested. Hydrocooling involves immersing the corn in
an ice bath to remove the field heat. According to Mr. Dixon, the corn must be immersed in
an ice bath within an hour of its having been harvested, and a product temperature of from
2 ° to 5° C must be maintained during the entire marketing process.

Alberta's hot sunny days and cool nights are responsible for the very high quality
of its sweet corn. And under favorable growing conditions, the sugar content of sweet corn
produced in the irrigated areas of southern Alberta, the Edmonton area and along the Peace
River valley reaches its maximum potential.

Mr. Dixon reports that Alberta growers planted almost 650 acres of sweet corn
for the fresh market last year.

- 30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

July 18, 1983 i ^

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HOW TO SELECT AND WORK WITH A PROFESSIONAL ADVISOR
Do you require a prcfessional advisor?

According to Ron Cuthbert, supervisor of the records and analysis section with
Alberta Agriculture's farm business management branch, the most popular avenue for
searching out professional services continues to be by "word of mouth". Ask your friends and
associates who is available and how they would rate their sen/ices. However, do not overlook
other professionals whom you may have previously contacted for other types of work or
work in a similar area. And contact professional organizations for information on the services
they provide.

Once a farm manager has decided on one or two professional advisors that appear
to "fit the bill" — i.e. are qualified to deal with his questions - the next step should be a
personal visit.

At this first visit, find out:

• What are the services he provides.

• What is his background and experience — is much of his work connected with
agriculture?

•What is his interest and knowledge of your business — ask some specific
questions.

• Can he complete the task in the time required for your decision purposes.
When using the services of a professional, it is important to establish a

good working relationship based on mutual trust. Although the professional advisor is working
for you, the quality of his work will usually be better if you take the approach of working
with him.

The importance of communication cannot be overemphasized. It is an important
responsibility of both the farm manager and the professional advisor. Each must have a

- (cont'd) -

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

How to Select and Work with a Professional Advisor (cont'd)

clear understanding of what is expected. In concerns of major importance or very complicated
matters, it is usual to communicate in writing. Written communications have the following
advantages;

• They force the writer to analyze and organize his thoughts;

• They can go a long way towards eliminating misunderstandings;

• They give a lasting record of the discussions as they progress.

Be open and candid and keep other professionals, such as your lawyer, financial
advisor and/or accountant, who is working on the same problem, informed as events unfold.
A complete estate plan or father-son transfer, for example, often involves legal counsel, an
accountant and financial advice from a credit institution.

Discussing each party's responsibilities is an important, ongoing process. These
should be stated at the initial meeting and formally set down at the time the parties agree
that the professional will act on behalf of the manager.

The responsibilities of the professional throughout negotiations are to:

• Explain his understanding of the job - problem, business, project,
representation, etc.

• Provide, if possible, an initial recommendation regarding when to proceed
with deadlines.

• Ensure confidence is respected.

At the time of the final agreement for action, the professional advisor should
set out the charges per hour and the approximate cost of the total project. He should also
state the consulting staff that will be involved and he should feel free to give an opinion
or to qualify results.

■ ■ ■ • ■ (cont'd) - " '

11

How to Select and Work with a Professional Advisor (cont'd)

Mr. Cuthbert believes that a farm manager also has some definite responsibilities
that should be considered throughout the entire process of negotiating and working with
an advisor. They include:

• Being honest with his professionals and placing trust in their advice and
abilities. He should also accept their results and encourage their opinions.
But, as the farm manager, he must make the final decision.

• Keeping the professional informed of all pertinent changes.

•Being aware of fees and times estimated, and trying to be reasonable
in expectations. Since good quality work requires time for completion,
a professional advisor should be given lots of lead time when possible.

•Being aware of remedies for non-performance by a professional advisor and
ensuring a written documentation of all major dealings is kept.

Mr. Cuthbert says selecting an advisor is a major management decision, and that
Alberta Agriculture's representative in your area can help you to define your objectives and to
set out criteria for choosing a professional advisor.

The farm business management branch publishes a publication entitled "How to
Select an Accountant for Maximum Benefit" (Agdex 818-14), as well as a great deal of useful
information on financial management and business contracts.

For further information, contact your local district office or the Farm Business
Management Branch at Box 2000, Olds, Alberta, TOM IPO.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/dlborra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

AGRICULTURE FEATURED IN CHILDREN'S TELEVISION SERIES

Jesse (Aunt Harriet's niece) talks to a farm implement dealer

to find out more about his work. This is one of the visits Jesse
makes to agriculture community workers in the newly
produced children's television series, "Harriet's Magic Hats".

People in Agriculture - their roles, responsibilities, job locations and their

relationships to other members of the community - are highlighted in eight of a 13-part
children's television series called "Harriet's Magic Hats." It is the second such series that has
been produced by Access Alberta, and the agricultural section in the present series has been
financially supported by Alberta Agriculture, which along with Alberta Education, also
provided consulting services.

The purpose of "Harriet's Magic Hats" is to introduce children to a variety of

community workers, including agricultural workers, by showing them at work and by
showing how their work relates to the community as a whole. Each of the 13 parts
is 15 minutes long and is accompanied by a teacher's guide.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Agriculture Featured in Children's Television Series (cont'd)

Jesse, Aunt Harriet's niece, and Ralph, a puppet, are the main characters in the
series. In the agricultural parts, Jesse uses her Aunt Harriet's "magic" hats to visit a farm
machinery dealer, an irrigation specialist, a sheep farmer, a market gardener, a vegetable
processor, a pasta maker and a district home economist.

"Putting time and money into film and video productions for schools is one of
the ways we intend to make the public aware of agriculture", says Doug Pettit of Alberta
Agriculture's communications division. "We will continue to work closely with school
boards and Alberta Education to produce more visuals for different grade levels over the
next few years".

Mr. Pettit reports that Access has already sold this second series of "Harriet's
Magic Hats" to the British Columbia Ministry of Education and the Allegheny Educational
Broadcast Council and that TV Ontario is seriously thinking about purchasing it.

The tapes of "Harriet's Magic Hats" can be borrowed, free of charge, from the
Film Library, Alberta Agriculture, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

14

July 18, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

4-H EXPRESSIONS SCHEDULED FOR OLDS COLLEGE

4-H members and leaders from across the province will be heading for Olds
College, Olds, on August 3 to take part in the 4-H Expressions.

Sponsored by Alberta Agriculture, 4-H Expressions is a seminar for all 4-H
members and leaders, and the 200 delegates that are expected to attend will learn and share
new ideas and skills that will help them with their club work in the coming years. Expressions
is unique, in that it is the only provincial program in which both leaders and members attend
as delegates and take part in the same sessions.

While at the seminar, the delegates will participate in workshops on such topics
as: Remaking Last Year's Fashions; Fast and Nutritious Breakfasts; Careers and Values;
Living and Working with Wildlife; Golfing; Communicating; Gardening; and Money Man-
agement.

The release of 500 helium filled balloons to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the

Canadian 4-H Council will be one of the highlights of the program. Each delegate will write
his or her name on a postcard, attach it to a balloon and let it float away. The card asks the
finder to fill in his or her name and address and mail the card to the 4-H branch in Edm-
onton. Anyone who returns a card will receive a prize.

On the final evening of the seminar, Simplicity pattern company's fall wardrobe
will be unveiled at a fashion show. Delegates will model the new fashions from Simplicity
as well as some of their own creations. The fashion show will commence ac 7:30 p.m. in the
Olds College gymnasium on August 4, and the public is invited to attend.

-30-

At

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

15

July 18, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

JOINT FIELD DAY!

Tours of both federal and provincial research plots will be a feature of
a field day that is being sponsored by Alberta Agricultre's field crops branch and
Agriculture Canada's research station at Lacombe on August 11 from one p.m. to
4;30 p.m.

Visitors will see the latest in variety development and disease control
in barley, oats, spring wheat, winter wheat, spring triticale and winter triticale.
Dr. Jim Helm and Dr. Don Salmon of Alberta Agriculture and Dr. Martin Kaufman
and Dr. Lu Reining of Agriculture Canada are the scientists that are working in this
area.

Weed control and agronomic research in spring and winter cereals is
being conducted by Dr. Ashley O'Sullivan and Dr. Claude Caldwell and Dr. S.S.
Malhi of Agriculture Canada and Felix Mederick of Alberta Agriculture. While the
development and evaluation of perennial and annual forage crops is under the direc-
tion of Dr. Vern Baron and Dr. Bill Berkenkamp of Agriculture Canada and Felix
Mederick of Alberta Agriculture.

For more information contact Bill Witbeck, Alberta Agriculture at
782-4641 or Richard Houghton, Agriculture Canada at 782-3316.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

16

July 18, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CROPS FIELD DAY AT ALBERTA ENVIRONMENTAL CENTRE

A tour of weed science, plant pathology and entomology research plots will be
the highlight of a crops field day that is scheduled to take place at the Alberta Environmental
Centre in Vegreville starting at one p.m. on August 4.

In the plant sciences wing of the centre, the scientists are conducting in-house and
field experiments to obtain information on the cultural and biological control of weeds, dis-
eases and insects. This wing also provides a diagnostic and advisory service to the public in
the areas of weeds and their control, suspected chemical damage, plant diseases and insect
damage.

This year Drs. Fayaz Qureshi, Paul Sharma and John O'Donovan have established
about 3,000 field plots where they are studying such newly registered and experimental
herbicides as Glean, Lontrel, Hoegrass II, Poast, etc. They are also studying the tolerance
levels of new cereal crop varieties to registered herbicides; the tolerance levels of rotational
crops to herbicide carryovers; the biology and control of economically serious weeds like
scentless chamomile, hempnettle and smart weed; and the competition in field crops provided
by wild oats, tartary buckwheat, smartweed, stinkweed, green foxtail, volunteer cereals and
volunteer canola.

Plant pathologists, Drs. Prem Kharbanda and Gil Flores, are studying the control
of seedling blight in canola crops and the control of root rot in lentils, wheat and barley. The
scientists in this section are also investigating the resistance of alfalfa varieties to alfalfa sick-
ness and the spread of alfalfa sickness. And entomologist, Dr. Helen Liu, is assessing the
impact of flea beetle damage and root maggot feeding in canola crops.

- (cont'd) -

^Ibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

-2-

17

Crops Field Day At Alberta Environmental Centre (cont'd) . ■ ■

In addition to the research plot tour, the crops field day will feature an excellent
collection of 80 species of weeds. They will be displayed in a "weed garden" and will include
the more common and some of the new weeds that are found in Alberta. There will also be
a display of research plot equipment and a demonstration by Marilyn Steineron the biolog-
ical control of insects on plants grown in green houses and indoors.

In the event of bad weather, the scientists will be making their presentations in
the Alberta Environmental Centre.

- 30 -

CANADIANA'

SEP - 9 ms

July 25, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Plebiscite On An Alberta Sugar Beet Marketing Board Planned 1

Alberta Bee A Reality! 2

A Piclorann Residue Can Injure Susceptible Plants 4

Mosquito Control On Livestock 6

Coping With High Moisture Silage Material 8

Reflections On Farm Machinery Progress 10

Garden Pests And Their Control 12

Beaverlodge Field Day 14

Canning Fruit Without Sugar 15

District Home Economist For Cardston Appointed 16

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/diberta

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

1

July 25, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PLEBISCITE ON AN ALBERTA SUGAR BEET
MARKETING BOARD PLANNED

The Alberta Agricultural Products Marketing Council plans to hold a plebiscite by
mail on the establishment of an Alberta Sugar Beet Marketing Board. The plebiscite was
requested by the Alberta Sugar Beet Growers Association.

Tom Sydness, general manager of the Alberta Agricultural Products Marketing
Council, says all sugar beet producers who are eligible to vote must register with the council
on or before August 24 in order to receive a ballot. An eligible producer is defined as a
person who produces sugar beets and who held a contract in 1982 with the Alberta Sugar
Company for the marketing of sugar beets. However, no producer can vote as a representa-
tive of a contract that is already being represented by another producer. In other words,
when more than one person is involved in a contract, only one is eligible to vote. And no
producer is eligible to vote more than once, regardless of the number of contracts he is party
to.

Mr. Sydness says registration forms and information are being mailed out to all
producers on or before July 25, and that any eligible producer who does not receive a form
should contact the Alberta Agricultural Products Marketing Council office before the
August 24 deadline.

And if anyone has a question regarding the plebiscite or the proposed Alberta
Sugar Marketing Board, he should contact one of the directors of the Alberta Sugar Beet
Growers Association or the Returning Officer, Alberta Agricultural Products Marketing
Council, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 5T6 (Telephone: 427-2164).

-30-

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403)427-2121 Print Media Branch

July 25, 1983

2

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ALBERTA BEE A REALITY!

by Donald MacDonald
Provincial Apiarist, Alberta Agriculture

Thanks to the Alberta Bee Breeding Project that was funded by Alberta Agri-
culture's Farming for the Future Program, the province now has its own honey bee, known
as the Alberta Bee.

It all started back in 1978 when the Alberta Beekeepers Association approached
Alberta Agriculture for funds to improve the province's honey bee breeding stock through the
production of bee strains that were more suitable than the present strains to our climatic cond-
itions. A year earlier Canada's professional apiculturists had recommended that honey bee
breeding be given the highest priority in apiculture research.

The Alberta Bee Breeding Project got underway in the spring of 1979 under the
direction of Dr. Tibor Szabo of Agriculture Canada's research station in Beaverlodge. He and
his staff set up selection sites in apiaries at Falher, Spruce Grove, Brooks and Scandia, where,
each year, they selected the queens from the best performing hives and used their offspring to
requeen other test hives.

The project has now run its five-year course and has produced two distinct lines of
the Alberta Bee — the Peace strain and the Prairie strain. The former has been selected for
northern regions of the province, while the latter has been selected for southern Alberta.
The northern strain has produced up to 162 per cent more honey than conventional honey-
bees, while the southern strain has produced up to 111 per cent more honey. Dr. Szabo fins
demonstrated that the bees of each strain are docile and have good disease resistance and
wintering ability.

The Alberta bee is now being evaluated on selected farms under Farming for the
Futures On-Farm Demonstration Program. And the agricultural colleges in the Olds and
Fairview are planning to raise queens from the Beaverlodge stock.

(cont'd)

^Ibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

- 2-

3

Alberta Bee A Reality (cont'd)

Last year Dr. S/abo released more than 200 queens to specially chosen Alberta
beekeepers for testmg, and even though this process may be repeated again this August,
queens are expected to be readily available m the neai future to Alberta beekeepers through
the colleges. It is also expected that this new breeding stock will eventually be taken over
by provincial bee breeders and result in a better honey industry for Alberta's commercial bee-
keeping community.

Up to now Alberta beekeepers have traditionally purchased package bees each
spring from California to produce their annual 20 million-pound honey crop. With this pro-
cedure, the bees are killed each fall and the equipment stored until the following spring. How-
ever, rising costs for package bees, the uncertainty of California's spring weather, which can
affect the quality of its bees, and the over present threat of importing foreign bee pests
prompted researchers and Alberta beekeepers to investigate the possibility of overwintering
their bees.

Although the province still imports 125,000 two-pound packages of California
bees each spring, at a cost that exceeds $3 million a year, an increasing numl^er of beekeepers
are carrying their hives through the winter. I n fact, 25 per cent of Alberta's 1 60,000 hives are
now being overwintered here.

-30-

4

July 25, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

A PICLQRAM RESIDUE CAN INJURE SUSCEPTIBLE PLANTS

Picloram, which is sold under the trade names of Tordon 202 C and Tordon,
sometimes gets into garden soil via a load of top soil, contaminated water or manure from
cattle that have grazed on picloram-treated plants.

Tordon 202 C also contains 2,4-D and is widely used by farmers on wheat and
barley crops, while Tordon contains only picloram and is registered for use only by a licensed
pesticide applicator on non-agricultural land.

When a low concentration of picloram has accidentally been introduced into
garden soil, the owner should not plant potatoes, tomatoes, beans, sunflowers or peas. He
should try growing crops like corn, rutabagas, cauliflowers and cabbages, which are more
tolerant. Radishes, cucumbers, lettuce and onions are slightly more tolerant than potatoes
and tomatoes.

Rudy Esau, weed control specialist at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center
in Brooks, reports that replanting studies at the center and at Olds College suggest that highly
sensitive crops like potatoes and fababeans (which are similar to broad beans) should not be
planted in soil that has been treated with Tordon 202 C for two years following the treat-
ment. And he says that observations have indicated that the same holds true for snap beans.

- (cont'd) -

ydlberra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

5

-2

A Picloram Residue Can Injure Susceptible Plants (cont'd)

How do susceptible plants road to a picloram residue in the soil? At a low con-
centration, they will develop shoots that have a club-like head, rather like a fern shoot just
before it opens out. And iheir leaves will be cupped downwards, leathery and thick and they
will usually be stunted. The shoots will often be elongated. At a slightly lower concentra-
tion, picloram causes the cells at the back of the leaf tips of susceptible plants to thicken and
form dark spots. The tips will become elongated and the leaves will often display abnormal
veins and puckering between the veins.

Anyone who suspects that his plants may be suffering from the effects of a piclo-
ram residue in the soil should send a sample of the plants and the soil to his regional crop
laboratory.

' ■ -30- •■ ■ ■

July 25, 1983

6

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MOSQUITO CONTROL ON LIVESTOCK

The present very severe mosquito outbreak is not just causing problems for
people. It is also causing serious problems for livestock, especially in north-central Alberta
where recent rairis have left more water lying on the surface of the ground than has been seen
for a decade!

What can farmers do to protect their cattle and horses against mosquitoes? Acc-
ording to the head of the Alberta Environmental Centre's crop protection group, Hugh Philip,
there are four chemicals that are registered for protecting beef cattle against mosquitoes, but
only one of them is practical for range cattle. Vapona, Pyrethrin and Pyron all come in
ready-to-use sprays that must be applied to animals on an individual basis, and the protection
they provide lasts for only a day or less.

The other product, Malathion, can be mixed, according to label instructions, and
applied on an individual basis or it can be used in a backrubber. It can also be sprayed with
ground equipment or by aircraft directly onto a pasture to reduce the mosquito population
without the beef cattle having to be removed.

All the above ready-to-use sprays can also be used on dairy cattle, but Malathion
must not be used because of the possibility of milk contamination.

The same ready-lo-use sprays can be used on horses in addition to Methoxychlor.
As with cattle, the ready-to use sprays will provide about a day's protection, while Methoxy-
chlor should give about two days of relief from mosquitoes.

Mr. Philip advises farmers against spraying bodies of surface water in an attempt
to reduce mosquito populations. He points out that it would be useless unless the spraying
were done on a district basis, and that, in the case of some chemicals, there are regulations
governing the use of sprayed water for livestock.

- (cont'd) -

A\bex\a

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Print Media Branch

-2-

7

Mosquito Control On Livestock (cont'd)

Dr. Bruce Taylor of the Alberta Environment's pesticide chemicals branch says
the present mosquito outbreak could last until the middle of August if there is water lying on
the ground towards the end of July when the current batch of mosquito eggs will be ready
to hatch. And he believes that the outbreak will get worse before it gets better because there
is another species of mosquito which has not yet made its appearance.

Dr. Taylor also says that the mosquito outbreak was caused by the recent heavy
rains. He explains that mosquito eggs can remain dormant for as long as seven years if hatch-
ing conditions are not favorable. This means that when conditions become favorable, mosqu-
itoes will emege from eggs that have accumulated over the unfavorable years. Dr. Taylor also
points out that heavy egg laying last year contributed to this year's severe infestation, and
that if we had not had the recent rams, many of them would have remained dormant until
there was enough moisture for them to hatch. And he says that there is no known method
of destroying mosquito eggs.

-30-

July 25, 1983 8
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

COPING WITH HIGH MOISTURE SILAGE MATERIAL

Although an excessive amount of moisture is not usually a problem when making
grass or legume silage in Alberta, it is almost certain to be a problem in many parts of the
province this year.

Silage material is considered to be excessively wet when its moisture content is
70 per cent or higher. The ideal moisture content is between 60 and 65 per cent. However,
with this year's very lush growth much of the forage that is cut directly into a silo is likely to
have a moisture content of over 70 per cent.

Excessively moist silage will cJilute the lactic acid, which is the preservative that is
produced by the carbohydrates (sugar and starch) during the fermentation process. And it
will produce undesirable chemical compounds like acetic and butyric acid, which give the
silage a bad odor and taste. When the lactic acid is weakened it produces poor quality silage
that spoils easily.

If the moisture content of silage is more than 72 per cent, seepage will occur and
an excessive amount of seepage may cause a loss of nutrients. Also, the dry matter intake of
the silage by cattle and sheep will be reduced if it has a high moisture content and it will be
more difficult to transport.

A reasonably accurate estimate of the moisture content of silage can be made by
the "squeeze ball" method. It entails pressing and rolling a ball of the chopped forage be-
tween your hands for about half a minute. If the ball keeps its shape when you open your
hands and your hands are wet, the material has a moisture content of higher than 75 per cent.
If the ball keeps its shape but no moisture comes away from it, the moisture content of the
silage is in the range of from 60 to 70 per cent. A moisture content of below 60 per cent is
indicated by the ball immediately breaking apart when it is released.

- (cont'd) -

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

9

-2-

Copincj WiLh High Moisture Silage Material (cont'd)

What can be done to lower the moisture content of silage? The head of Alberta
Agriculture's special projects section, Ross Gould, says the forage should be swathed and
well wilted before it is ensiled. He points out that, in addition to lowering the moisture
content of the material, wilting increases its sugar content which helps to improve the quality
of the silage. However, if the moisture content of this year's lush forage crops cannot be
brought down by wilting because of poor weather, Mr. Gould recommends mixing ground
grain with the silage. If the moisture content of the silage is around 80 per cent, ground grain
should be added in the ratio of about 15 per cent. An alternative might be to add chopped
hay or straw, depending upon the quality of silage desired.

An Alberta Agriculture publication entitled "Silage in Alberta" (Agdex 120/52-1)
contains more information on silage making as well as information on additives and preservat-
ives and the various types of silos. It can be obtained from district agriculturists or by writing
to the Publications Office, J.G. O'Donoghue Building, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta,
T6H 5T6.

■ ' . ■ -30- •

July 25, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

REFLECTIONS ON FARM MACHINERY PROGRESS

by Glen Werner
Senior District Agriculturist, Stettler

I observed some interesting trends at this year's Western Canada Farm Progress
Show. Farm machinery, for example, seems to have reached its optimum size with the
emphasis now being placed on "fine tuning" existing models.

In the cultivator category, where there were numerous styles and designs, I
noticed a trend away from a walking beam axle to the use of wheels near the back and a
castor wheel in front. This design change apparently gives better depth control by keeping
the cultivator more level with the ground and it also reduces trash plugging. One company
had a cultivator that flexed two ways — a very innovative idea.

In the airseeder category, some of the original models were not there, but there
were many others. Such things as depth control, even distribution, packing, serviceability
and operator visibility were among the things being emphasized in many of these. One
American company was featuring a double disc opener tool bar with packer wheels and an air
flow system for distributing seed and fertilizer. It was a very sleek design.

I observed some very positive trends among the sprayers. They included boom
adjustability, large capacity lines, low profile tanks, herbicide premix and injection systems,
high volume pumps, dampened castor wheels, markers, monitors and quick - transport
features. I wonder though whether these will all be replaced by low volume electrodyne
systems or spinning discs in the not too distant future.

I also saw 42' to 50' swather units at the show. Although I wondered whether
our fields could handle units of this size, I could not help being impressed with some of the

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcsrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

11

-2-

Reflections On Farm Mai:l"iinery Progress (cont'd)

innovative techniques they embodied. An example might be the detachable self-propelled
power units I saw which can tow the 42' cutting bar behind for road transportation safety.
And several of the swathers were completely hydraulically driven and controlled.

I also found the Western Farm Progress Show's section which featured new ideas
extremely interesting. A 4,500-bushel bin that can be erected in less than an hour, which
costs less than 70 c per bushel and which can be reused many times was among the things
that impressed me here. A jack frame which had been invented by some fellows from Kelsy,
Alberta, took the first prize for inventions. It makes a "Jack-all" jack a very powerful and
safe piece of equipment to use for all kinds of jacking and support jobs. Every farm should
have two!

Among the other pieces of equipment that incorporated new ideas were high eff-
iciency truck hoists, angular pick-ups, swath dividers, grain handling systems, crop control
reels, sprayer modifications and potato diggers.

- 30 -

July 25, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

12

GARDEN PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL

Tuber flea beetles, maggots and cabbage worms are among the garden pests that
have been causing more problems than usual this summer, according to Alberta Agriculture's
entomologist and pest control specialist, Michael Dolinski.
Tuber Flea Beetles

These tiny black beetles, which jump like fleas, are found on both potato and
tomato leaves where they make small round holes. Although the beetles do not cause any
significant damage to potato plants, their larvae feed on the tubers where they leave very

small unsightly tunnels just below the skin surface. The tunnels are usually only noticed
when the potatoes are pealed. And even though the potatoes are not badly damaged, the
removal of the tunnels during pealing can result in considerable waste.

Mr. Dolinski says nothing can be done to ptevent flea beetle damage at this time
of the year. However, he advises anyone who has beetles on his or her potatoes this summer
to treat next year's plants about every 10 days from the time that they emerge until about
the middle of July with the appropriate insecticide. This will prevent a recurrence of the
problem. He also says that there is no need to worry about flea beetles on tomato plants
because they will not damage the plants or the fruit.
Maggots

Different species of these small white larvae feed on the roots of such vegetables
as cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, turnips and radishes. Typical damage to cauliflower, cabb-
age and broccoli takes the form of stunted and/or wilted plants. In the case of turnips and

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

13

- 2 -

Garden Pests And Their Control (cont'd)

radishes, the maggots burrow into the underground parts of the plants. The only way to find
out whether they are present is to pull one or two turnips or radishes and examine them.

All a person can do who has these maggots in the garden at this time of year is to
drench the roots of the cauliflowers, cabbages, broccoli or turnips to a depth of three or four
inches with Diazinon, Mr. Dolinski says.
Cabbage Worms

These small velvety green worms that have a faint yellowish line down their backs
are the larvae of the white cabbage butterfly. They attack cauliflower and broccoli, but are
really only a problem on cabbages. Holes in the outside leaves are usually the first sign of
damage. However, if the larvae are not controlled, they will gradually start to eat the head of
the cabbage.

Mr. Dolinski recommends dusting or spraying infested cabbage plants with a
common garden insecticide that states on the label that it will control cabbage worms. And
he warns against the use of cutworm dust to control cabbage worms because it will contam-
inate the cabbage heads.

- 30 -

14

July 25, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

BEAVERLQDGE FIELD DAY

Agriculture Canada's research station at Beaverlodge will be holding a forage field
day on August 9. It is designed to give all those interested in forage crops an opport-
unity to exchange views and to participate in meaningful discussions.
Following is a list of the topics that will be covered.

Forage Cultivation Perfornnance in the Peace — Henry Najda
Flowers, Bees and Legume Seeds - Dr. Daphne Fairey
. Quality and Quantity in Forages — Dr. Nigel Fairey
. Survival Potential of Forages - Dr. Jim McKenzie
• Forage Grasses for the Peace Dr. Steve Bonin
, Forage Legumes for the Peace — Dr. Wendell Rice
, The Role of Forages in Soil Conservation — Arnold Hennig
Weed Control in Forages — Dr. Lloyd Darwent
Diseases Limiting Forage Crops — Dr. John Davidson
The field day will start at 9.30 a.m. and will include a field tour. Lunch will be
provided free of charge.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrta

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

15

July 25, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CANNING FRUIT WITHOUT SUGAR

by Catherine Sinnott
Regional Food and Nutrition Specialist, Alberta Agriculture

Consumers have become increasingly conscious of the amount of sugar in their
diets over the past few years, particularly as it relates to processed foods. One way of reduc-
ing one's sugar intake would be to use more home-prepared food.

Since the sugar that is added to canned fruit only contributes to its flavor and
texture and not to its actual preservation, the amount of sugar used can be reduced without
affecting the safety of the end product. The sugar content can simply be reduced in accord-
ance with the level of sweetness desired.

An alternative would be to omit the sugar entirely and to substitute boiled fruit
juice or boiling water for the sugar syrup. Although this approach allows the unsweetened
fruit flavor to predominate, the texture of the fruit will not be as firm as that of the sweet-
ened product.

The fruit juice can be made by cooking some of the fruit in water and then
straining off the juice, or a commercially prepared juice can be used. Canned pineapple
juice, for example, complements most fruits, and unsweetened pineapple juice is a good
choice for pears. A thin slice of lemon added to each jar will enhance the flavor of the
fruit. An artificial sweetener can be added to the fruit before it is served if a sweeter product
is desired.

An excellent reference book called "Canning Canadian Fruits and Vegetables" is
available from the Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1 A 0C7.

- 30 -

alberta

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branr h

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

16

July 25, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

DISTRICT HOME ECONOMIST FOR CARDSTON APPOINTED

The head of Alberta Agriculture's home economics branch, Shirley
Myers, has announced the appointment of Sharon Cummins to the position of
district home economist at Cardston.

Ms. Cummins was born in Edmonton and grew up in Calgary. She
graduated from the University of Alberta with a B.Sc. (home economics) in 1981,
having majored in clothing and textiles.

In 1980 she worked with the home economics branch as a summer
assistant in Barrhead. The following year she took her district home economist
training at Lamont, and was appointed district home economist at Brooks in July,
1982. In December of that year she was transferred to the Drumheller office
where she remained until her present appointment.

- 30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlberra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

August 1, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

1983 Bertha Armyworm Situation In Alberta 1

Potato Beetles Develop Resistance To Insecticides 3

Comparing Silos 5

A Guide For 1983 Custom Haymaking Rates 8

European Cornborer Update 10

Hay Buyers Beware! 12

Conventional Balers Versus Large Round Balers 13

Horticultural Research Center Annual Field Day 15

District Home Economist Appointed To Oyen 16

/diberra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-2121 Print Media Branch

1

August 1, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

1983 BERTHA ARMYWORM SITUATION IN ALBERTA '

This year's Bertha armyworm damage to canola crops in Alberta is expected to
occur in the Edmonton area, in the Barrhead area and possibly in the central and southern
areas of the Peace River district.

This forecast is based on the results of a Bertha armyworm survey that was con-
ducted by Dr. Helen Liu, field crops entomologist with Alberta Agriculture, and field staff
at the Alberta Environmental Centre in Vegreville.

Dr. Liu reports that large numbers of Bertha armyworm larvae have been found
northwest of Edmonton and in the county of Strathcona. And she urges canola growers in
those areas to examine their fields carefully around the middle of August.

She says the central and northeastern regions of the province are generally free of
these insects, and that the Bertha armyworm population in southern Alberta appears to be on
the decline. However, she advises canola growers in the counties of Willow Creek, Vulcan and
Lethbridge, which were in the vicinity of the 1982 infestation, to check their fields in mid-
August. She expects late-seeded and re-seeded canola crops to be the most susceptible to
injury. "Those that are harvested early will escape the main impact of armyworm feeding,"
she says.

To determine whether or not the chemical control of Bertha armyworms is
warranted. Dr. Liu advises growers to examine at least five separate areas that are one square
metre in size in each field. She says one way of doing this is to beat the foliage in the square
metre area, which should be located 50 paces into the crop, and then count the larvae that
drop off the plants. An average of 25 or more per square metre is enough to justify spraying.

- (cont'd) -

Ahcxio

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

-2-

2

1983 Bertha Armyworm Situation In Alberta (cont'd)

A more effective, but also a more time consuming, method would be to cut off
the canola plants at ground level in the square metre area, shake them and count the number
of armyworms that fall to the ground.

Anyone who would like more information on the Bertha armyworm situation in
Alberta or on controlling them should contact Dr. Helen Liu, Field Crops Entomologist,
Alberta Environmental Centre, Vegreville, Alberta, TOB 4L0 (Telephone: 632-6761 ).

-30-

August 1, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

POTATO BEETLES DEVELOP RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES

Because the Colorado potato beetle quickly builds up a resistance to insecticides,
it is important that potato growers keep up-to-date on current control recommendations and
that they follow them carefully.

The entomologist at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center in Brooks, Dr. Ulf
Soehngen, says that these insects are capable of developing a resistance to nearly all
insecticides in a relatively short time, and that in certain parts of the United States, where
commercial potato production has been carried out for a long time, hardly any insecticide
will control them. Growers in such areas have had to look for alternative crops. Dr.
Soeghngen also says that even in areas where the level of control is still adequate, there are
pockets of resistance. "It seems," he says "that the same physiological mechanism that
detoxifies plants on which they feed that would be poisonous to animals also detoxifies
many of the insecticides that are used today."

He suggests the following procedure to discourage the buildup of resistance to

insecticides.

• Spray only when necessary. A hundred per cent control is almost impossible
to achieve and the overuse of a chemical, in an attempt to obtain 100 per cent control, will
force the insects to adapt to it more quickly. When possible, treat "hot spots" individually
rathe-- than treating the whole field.

• Apply the insecticides at the recommended level. The application of either more
or less than that level will encourage a buildup of resistance in the beetles.

• Use different insecticides for subsequent spraying. The over use of one chemical
will force the beetles to adapt more quickly to that chemical and sometimes to develop "cross-
resistance" to related chemicals.

-(cont'd)-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

-2-

4

Potato Beetles Develop Resistance To Insecticides (cont'd)

• Treat potato plants between the time they first come into bloom and fuil bloom.
Treatment during this period is particularly crucial because the carbohydrates that
are produced in the leaves at this time are essential for the development of the tubers.

-30-

Aiii|iisl I,

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

COMPARING SILOS

A person who is in the nnarket for a silo should not be influenced in his decision
by storage loss statistics alone. He should also consider such things as the cost of owning and
operating the silo, says Len Fullen, systems economist with Alberta Agriculture.

An oxygen-limiting tower silo, which does the best job of all the silos of storing
feed, might appear to be the best buy on the basis of storage losses alone. Mr. Fullen reports
that American university research has shown that the average dry matter loss for this type of
silo is only three per cent compared with 12 per cent for a stave tower silo. Hence, the dry
matter loss for a 20' x 70' oxygen-limiting silo which holds 173 tons of dry matter haylage
(grass or legume) at the recommended moisture level of 45 per cent would be only 5.2 tons
compared with 23.9 tons for the same sized stave silo that holds 1 99 tons of dry matter when
the grass or legume silage is stored at the 60 per cent moisture level.

"Assuming that top quality alfalfa hay (90 per cent dry matter) is selling for $75
per ton," says Mr. Fullen "it will be worth $83.33 per ton on a dry matter basis. If we use
this price to establish the cost of feed losses for each type of silo, we will find that the
oxygen-limiting tower silo will lose about $433 worth of feed compared with about $1,992
for the stave tower silo, representing a difference of $1,559 in favor of the oxygen-limiting
silo."

However, the price differential between a 20' x 70' oxygen-limiting tower silo and
a stave tower silo of similar size is approximately $75,000 ($110,000 and $35,000 respect-
ively). And in the event that the money had to be borrowed, and the average interest rate
over a number of years was 1 2 per cent, the oxygen-limiting silo would require a cash outlay

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AhexiQ

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

-2-

6

Comparing Silos (cont'd) ..

of $9,000 a year more than the cash outlay for the stave silo just to cover the interest
payments. It is not hard to see that the cost of interest would far exceed the $1 ,559 saving in

feed. . ■ ■

On the other hand, if a farmer were able to purchase a second-hand oxygen-
limiting tower silo at a substantially lower price than that being charged for a new unit, his
investment might be fairly comparable with that required for a new silo of another type.
Also, if he is in a high tax bracket, he might find the purchase of a higher priced silo would
put him into a more favorable tax position. However, most farmers are not in this enviable
situation.

Mr. Fullen says a farmer might also be justified in investing in a new oxygen-
limiting silo if he intended to refill it two or more times a year with fresh forage and recon-
stituted feed. This is more difficult with a stave tower silo because the feed is removed from
the top as opposed to the bottom in the case of an oxygen-limiting silo.

Mr. Fullen advises farmers to also evaluate the pros and cons of horizontal bunker
silos and "sausage" silos before investing in any type of silo. He points out that a bunker silo
that has concrete walls and a concrete floor can provide relatively low cost storage for a
large volume of high moisture feed. Although its dry matter losses will be higher than those
for other types of silos, they will probably be offset by a lower initial investment. However,
labor requirements and extra equipment to handle the silage will be higher than those for
a tower silo because a bunker silo does not lend itself as well to automation.

The initial capital investment in a bagging machine for making "sausage" silage is
between $35,000 and $40,000, Mr. Fullen says. The machine turns out individual sausage-
shaped bags that will each hold up to 180 tons of silage at a moisture content of 65 per cent.

- (cont'd) -

7

- 3 -

Comparing Silos (cont'd)

The bags cost from $475 to $500 each, and are not reusable, but they do an excellent job of
minimizing storage losses. Even though they do not offer the push button convenience of a
tower silo, the bags can be set up in such a way that they can be used as self-feeders.

Mr. Fullen points out that the bunker and the "sausage" silos have another advan-
tage over tower silos. It is that they can be adapted at little or no extra cost to feed a larger
number of cattle in the event that such a necessity should arise in the future.

- 30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

August 1, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

A GUIDE FOR 1983 CUSTOM HAYMAKING RATES

This year's custom haymaking rates are expected to be very similar to those
charged in 1982 because machinery ownership and operating costs have changed very little or
not at all during the past year.

The rates are compiled annually by Alberta Agriculture on the basis of a survey
that is conducted during the current year's haying season. Because the 1983 rates are expec-
ted to have changed so little from those of last year, the 1982 rates for cutting and condition-
ing hay and for baling and stacking both round and conventional bales are given in the follow-
ing tables as a guide for this year's haying season.

Cutting and Conditioning ($ per acre)

Region 1982 Most Common for 1982

North $4.00-$ 7.75 $5.00 - $7.50

Central $4.50 -$10.00 $7.00 - $8.00

South $6.50 $11.00 $8.00 -$9.00

The hourly rate for cutting and conditioning hay in 1982 ranged from $25 to $40
per hour with $40 being the rate most commonly charged. Field conditions and the type
of machine used (i.e. swather versus mower conditioner versus swather conditioner) both had
a bearing on the rate.

BALING - Large Round Bales ($ per bale)

Region 1982 Most Common for 1982

North $4.00 -$7.50 $4.00 - $5.00

Central $4.00 $9.00 $5.00 - $6.00

South $5.00 -

- (cont'd) -

/(Ih

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

-2-

9

1982 Custom Haymaking Rates (cont'd)

Region

North

Central

South

Region

North

Central

South

BALING — Small Square Bales ( c per bale)

1982

20 c - 28 <;;
25 c - 75c
25 c -50c

Most Common for 1982

20 C- 28C
25 C- 30c
30 C- 35c

STACKI NG - Small Square Bales ( C per bale)

1982
30 C

20 c- 47c
16 C- 30c

Most Common for 1982

20 c - 25 c
19 C - 25C

The rate for stacking small square bales on a per ton basis was $10 to $15.

The rate charged for stacking round bales in 1982 was $2 to $2.50 per bale.

Anyone who would like more information on custom haymaking rates should
contact his district agriculturist or the Farm Business Management Branch, Alberta Agricul-
ture, Box 2000, Olds, Alberta, TOM IPO.

30

August 1, 1983

10

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

EUROPEAN CORNBORER UPDATE ■ ^_

There is still time to check your sweet corn for the European cornborer, which
lays its eggs during July and the early part of August. Anyone who finds egg nnasses and/or
larvae is asked to notify his district agriculturist who will outline the control nneasures that
are recommended and make a note of the distribution pattern of this destructive insect.

The European cornborer moth generally deposits its eggs, which are layed in
clusters that overlap like fish scales, on the underside of corn leaves. However, it may also
lay them on the upper leaf surface, on the corn stalks or on the flag leaves of the corn husks.
The eggs are white at first but soon turn yellow and then black as they approach hatching
time. Depending upon the temperature, the eggs will hatch four to seven days after they
have been laid.

The newly hatched larvae first move into the corn whorls where they feed on the
developing leaves. Later they may enter the tassels, stalks and ear shanks and continue their
feeding. They overwinter in these parts of the plant.

According to Dr. Ulf Soehngen, entomologist at the Alberta Horticultural Center
in Brooks, the European cornborer, which is relatively new to Alberta, is causing perplexing
problems to sweet corn growers in south-eastern Alberta. He says field corn producers have
been affected to a lesser degree, probably mainly because cattle are less fastitidious about
what they eat than are people. He also says the European cornborer can thrive on more than
150 different plant species and that it has become a serious pest in such diverse crops as winter
wheat in New York state and in apples, peppers and snapbeans grown in Ontario. As far
as he knows it has not yet damaged cultivated crops, other than sweet corn, in Alberta.

Dr. Soehngen reports that a spring survey conducted by the provincial and federal
governments indicated that the winter survival rate of cornborer larvae in some fields in

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dlborra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

-2-

n

European Cornborer Update (cont'd)

southern Alberta was as high as 85 per cent. Although most of the corn stalks were plowed
under or disced earlier in the season, he says enough trash has remained to provide more than
enough cornborers for a severe infestation to develop in late summer under favorable larval
development conditions.

- 30-

12

August 1, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HAY BUYERS BEWARE!

Anyone who intends to buy hay that was grown in Montana, U.S.A., or
in British Columbia should make sure that it does not contain either diffuse or
spotted knapweed.

Shaffeek Ali, supervisor of urban and industrial vegetation management
with Alberta Agriculture, says although both these species of knapweed are
common in Montana and British Columbia, they are on the restricted weed list in
Alberta. This is because of the threat they pose to rangeland.

Mr. Ali suggests that farmers get the name of the person who is selling
the hay and then pass it on to their district agriculturist or agricultural fieldman
who will find out whether or not the hay was grown on knapweed-infested prem-
ises. He also recommends, as an additional precaution, that farmers check the hay
themselves when it arrives and before they pay for it. He points out that if they
should find any knapweed, they are not obliged to take delivery of the hay because
it is illegal under The Alberta Weed Control Act for anyone to transport weed-
infested feed in this province.

Farmers who would like more information on this topic or who would
like assistance in identifying knapweed should contact their district agriculturist or
agricultural fieldman.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/diberra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

AiKitisl I, IDMM

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CONVENTIONAL BALERS VERSUS LARGE ROUND BALERS

The Prairie Agricultural Machinery Institute (RAMI) has information that is avail-
able upon request on conventional rectangular baling systenns and on large round baling
systems that is based on field tests that were carried out by the institute's engineers.

During their evaluation of conventional rectangular baling systems versus large
round baling systems, the engineers found that there are pros and cons for each. The average
work rate for a conventional baler in alfalfa, for example, ranged from 8.8 to 15.4 tons per
hour compared with 7.2 to 14 tons per hour for a large round baler. And generally speaking,
conventional bales can be handled manually or with an automatic stacker, while manual
handling of round bales is impossible because of their size. Round bales take up more storage
space than conventional bales which could be significant because it seems that the smaller
the area of stacked feed that is exposed to weathering, the less hay that will be spoilt. How-
ever, there is still very little reliable data on the amount of spoilage that can be expected from
stacked conventional bales versus round bales. To rectify the situation, RAMI hopes to carry
out research in this area in the near future.

During their comparison of conventional balers and round balers, the engineers
found that most conventional balers required a 50 to 60 horsepower tractor and that the
round balers required a considerably larger tractor. In fact, RAMI engineers recommend
about 100 horsepower tractor to fully utilize the capacity of a large round baler under all
field conditions.

Regarding twine, it was found that most conventional balers use about 670 feet
of twine per ton of hay compared with an average of about 210 feet for the large round
balers.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

y^lberra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

- 2-

14

Conventional Balers Versus Large Round Balers (cont'd)

Under ideal moisture conditions, the leaf loss for conventional balers was about
four per cent compared with about five per cent for the round balers. However, losses varied
among the three types of round balers with the ground roll type having significantly higher
leaf losses (about 12 per cent) under ideal baling moisture conditions compared with the
soft core (fixed chamber) and hard core (expandable chamber) balers, both of which had
similar leaf losses.

As far as safety goes, it is true that there have been a fairly large number of
serious and fatal accidents with round balers. However, most of them were the result of the
operator having dismounted from the tractor while the baler was still running.

Anyone who would like more detailed information on conventional balers and/or
round balers should obtain a copy of the reports that have been compiled by RAMI staff, who
have also compiled reports on such related equipment as bale movers, bale wagons, etc. The
address in Alberta is The Prairie Agricultural Machinery Institute, C/o LCC Campus, Leth-
bridge. Alberta, T1 K 1 L6 (Telephone: 329-1 21 2).

- 30 -

August 1,1983 15
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER ANNUAL FIELD DAY

Potatoes — Production and Processing will be the main feature of this year's
field day at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center in Brooks on August 26. It will include
special displays of potato varieties, insect and disease control, irrigation practices and process-
ing.

Other highlights on the program will feature exhibits and displays of fruit, veg-
etables, special crops and beekeeping equipment and techniques. And there will be a display
of herbs and spices.

Visitors will tour the potato, fruit, vegetable, ornamental and special crops plots
as well as the greenhouses to see the research projects that are presently underway. And spec-
ialists in the plant pest clinic will be on hand to diagnose and discuss plant diseases and insect
and weed problems. People who are interested in tree and shrub pruning and in flower
arranging will be able to obtain practical information on these topics from demonstrations.

Fresh corn on the cob and refreshments will be served at the field day, but people
who intend to stay all day should bring a picnic lunch, and they should be prepared for a
limited amount of walking while going to and from parking and picnic areas and while visiting
the displays.

The Alberta Horticultural Research Center's annual field day is designed to prov-
ide all horticultural enthusiasts with the latest information on a very wide variety of topics.

The center is located 5 km east of Brooks on Highway No.1 , and the field day will
start at 9 a.m. and run until 4 p.m. Everyone is invited. Individuals or groups who require
detailed information on a specific topic might prefer to visit the center on any day of the
week during the summer season.

For further information on the center's activities and on the field day, telephone

362-3391.

30

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

^Ibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

16

August 1, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

DISTRICT HOME ECONOMIST APPOINTED TO OYEN

Shirley Myers, head of Alberta Agriculture's home economics branch,
has appointed Lynne Nieman to the position of district home economist at Oyen.

Ms. Nieman grew up on a mixed farm in Saskatchewan where she was
active in both 4-H and cooperative youth activities during her school years. She
received her B.S.H. Ec. from the University of Saskatchewan in 1975. From 1976
to 1977 she worked for the Hudson's Bay in Saskatoon as a department head. In
1977 she accepted a CUSO position in Ghana, West Africa, where she remained
until 1979 as a clothing and textiles instructor at a teacher training college. From
1979 to 1981 she coordinated a family health project and a rural extension and
community development program in northeastern Ghana.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

CAINADIANA'

SEP - 9 1983

August 8, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Hog Outlook 1

Nitrates In Hail-Ddmaged Forage Crops 3

Anhydrous Ammonia As A Feed Preservative 5

Custom Gram Harvesting Rate Guide 7

Stem Smul ] 0

Dutch Elm Disease Prospects In Alherta 12

Tlie Control Of Powdery Mildew 14

Drying Fruits And Vegetables 15

District Home Economist Appointed To Valleyview 17

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/diberta

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

1

Auyusi 8, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HOG OUTLOOK

The outlook for hog prices for the remainder of this year and early 1984 is not
encouraging.

Gordon Herrington, livestock econonnist with Alberta Agriculture, expects a
further price weakness in AlD-;rta fioq prices until the end of the fourth quarter. He points
out that the mid-July prices for 100 irdex hogs that were in the $66 per hundredweight range
followed an extended downward trer,:' from early February, and that the traditional summer
price upturn will be masked this year by the expansionary phase that the iiog industry is
presently in. He says, at best, prices are expected to remain around the mid-July level until
early August. After that he foresees a further price weakness. It will be brought on by a
liberal supply of pork and little prospect of a significant increase in exports, except at very
competitive price discounts.

Mr. Herrington thinks that prices could drop to below $60 per hundredweight for
100 index hogs in the fall, and that a further price decline could be experienced in late Nov-
ember or early December. However, two factors within the Canadian red meat complex
may ease the situation. One is that the slaughter cattle output, particularly in Alberta, is
expected to moderate substantially in the fourth quarter. And the other is that retail pork
prices could decline sufficiently to improve consumer demand without pressuring either
producer or wholesale prices.

- (cont'd) -

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Pnnt Media Branch

2

-2-

Hog Outlook (cont'd)

Mr. Herrington is not optimistic about prices in the early part of 1984 either.
He says prospects for any price innprovement in Canada in early 1984 appear bleak. This is
because producer reaction to the present trend to lower prices is being shielded by the
various provincial insurance and income stabilization programs. Hence, pork supplies will
remain relatively large, and price trends will be influenced by the level of North American
supplies rather than by specific changes in the output of individual provinces. And a continu-
ing need for a large export component in the industry will ensure that price discounts will
continue, and may even widen, between Canada and the United States.

The above article is based on information that was available in July 1 983.

- 30 -

August 8, 1983

3

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

NITRATES IN HAIL-DAMAGED FORAGE CROPS

Do hail -damaged crops pose a threat to livestock? This is a question that many
district agriculturists in Alberta a^e being asked this summer as a result Oi tlit above normal
number of hail storms.

The answer is that they can be poisonous to rumenants if the crops contain a
high level of nitrates, which are converted in the rumen into nitrites. The nitrites are
absorbed them into the animal's blood stream where they limit its oxygen-carrying capacity
and can literally suffocate the anima'.

frequently asked. According to information compiled by Ed Redshaw, plant physiologist
with Alberta Agriculture, and Robert Westra, formerly of Alberta Agriculture, a crop that
has been damaged by either hail or frost should be salvaged as soon as possible. Although the
potential for a high level of nitrates in forage is minimized if the hail storm or frost is
followed by bright, sunny days, the longer the damaged forage remains in the field, the
greater will be the loss of quality and dry matter. It is unlikely that a perennial forage crop
will contain a toxic level of nitrates even after having been damaged by hail or frost.
However, it is a good idea to have cereal crops that have been damaged by hail tested before
feeding them. An oat crop that was heavily fertilized, for example, may never be safe to
feed to livestock, regardless of whether or not it was hailed or frozen.

and are to be put up as hay, be stored separately from the other hay and that a sample of the
hay be sent for analysis. If the crop is to be made into silage, a sample should be sent for
analysis before the forage is put into the silo or silage bag. And it too should be stored
separately from the other silage. The reason for the chemical analysis is that it will tell the
owner whether the hay or silage needs to be diluted with nitrate-free feed and, if so, in what

What is the best time to harve^ a haii-damaged crop is another question that is

It is also recommended that forage and cereal crops that were damaged by hail,

proportion.

• ' ont'd) -

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Nitrates in Hail-DamagRcl Forage Crops (cont'd)

It appears that leaving hay in windrows for two or three days is not the answer to
a nitrate problem. If the hay dries quickly and is baled before any rain falls on it, very little
nitrate will be lost. On the other hand, if the hay receives a considerable annount of rain
before it is baled, as much as 50 per cent of the nitrate could be leached out, but so would
other nutrients, and moldy hay is not desirable either.

Similarly, in the case of silage, very little nitrate would be lost if the forage was
properly harvested, put into a silo soon after it was cut and properly packed. However,
if it was poorly ensiled, a large proportion of the nitrate might be degraded, but again, the
end product would not be very desirable.

When cattle, sheep or goats are to be allowed to graze a hail-damaged crop, it is
probably best to turn them on to it as soon as possible. However, they should be well fed
before they are turned out; they should be turned out for only one or two hours in the
afternoon until the plants have developed a large proportion of new leaves; and the animals'
vaginal mucus membranes should be checked periodically to make sure that they are not
darkening in color. The latter is a sign that nitrate toxicity occurring.

Feed that contains a non-toxic level of nitrates will have no effect on rumenants.
However, a level that is above one per cent can cause the animals to develop rapid breathing,
become weak, start to slobber and be unable to get up. If nothing is done, these symptoms
will usually be followed by death. Hence, if any are noticed, a veterinarian should be called
immediately!

-30-

Augusts, 1983

5

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ANHYDROUS AMMONIA AS A FEED PRESERVATIVE

by Glen Werner
Senior District Agriculturist, Stettler

Anhydrous ammonia is used as a refrigerant, as a source of nitrogen m commercial
fertilizers and now research is showing that tt can be used to improve and preserve livestock
feed.

Several years ago, research in Saskatchewan showed that straw could be improved
by treating it with anhydrous ammor.'a. The researchers have since expanded their research
to demonstrate that it can also be us'^d to preserve greenfeed and hay that is put up while
still damp.

In some respects the preservation of feed with ammonia is like making silage.
Such feed, like silage, must be isolated from the environment. Silage must be put into a silo
or covered with plastic, and a stack of ammonia-treated feed must also be covered with
plastic. And moisture is required for both processes. However, this is where the similarity
ends.

The preservation of silage entails the elimination of oxygen and the formation of
lactic acid, while the ammonia moves through the feed. It is attracted by the moisture in the
feed and it kills the organisms that cause spoilage. Also, the ammonia provides an atmos-
phere within the sealed stack which prevents any new organisms from coming in. If the
covering is not damaged, such feed will keep for years - just like silage.

The technique used for preserving feed with anhydrous ammonia is quite simple,
especially after the first time. The feed is baled in either square or round bales at a moisture
content of between 25 and 35 per cent - do not exceed a moisture content of 50 per cent.
The feed should be stacked as soon as it has been baled and covered with 6 mil polyethylene.
All the joints should be taped and the polyethylene should be sealed to the ground around
the stack by placing soil or sand bags on it.

/dibcrra

Phone: (403)427-2121 AGRICULTURE

Media Branch

-2-

6

Anhydrous Ammonia as a Feed Preservative (cont'd)

The next step is to inject the ammonia into each end of the stack with a per-
forated pipe. The ammonia should be pumped directly from the supply truck into the
stack, after which the pipe should be removed, the hole taped shut and some netting put
over the stack to keep the polyethylene from being damaged by the wind.

Because anhydrous ammonia is dangerous, rubber gloves and goggles should
always be worn when handling it and water should be near by. Also, the stack should be well
sealed before the ammonia is added. Any ammonia that escapes through small punctures
in the plastic after the feed has been treated will not be dangerous but it will reduce the
storage life of the feed.

Stacks of ammonia-treated feed should be opened and allowed to ventilate for
a few days to remove any excess ammonia before the feed is removed.

-30-

August 8, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CUSTOM GRAIN HARVESTING RATE GUIDE

The following 1982 custom grain harvesting rates are given as a guide for farmers

who are wondering what they should charge for this year's custom work.

Alberta Agriculture's specialist in the area of custom rates, Gerd Andres, explains
that custom harvesting rates are collected by Alberta Agriculture annually through a survey
of the rates being charged in the current year. This means a survey of the rates being charged
this year will be carried out during the coming harvesting season. Mr. Andres siys that the
1982 rates are being given as a guide for this year because the two rales are expected to be
very similar. This is because machinery ownership and operating costs have changed little
or not at all since the last harvesting season.

Mr. Andres reports that the 1982 survey showed that swathing rates in all
regions of the province ranged from a low of $3 to a high of $8 per acre, and that the most
common charge was $5 per acre. Trucking rates in all regions ranged from 3<f to 14 <f
per bushel with the most common charge being 14^ per bushel or between $20 and $30
per hour.

The combining rates and the combining and trucking rates presented in the
following tables were compiled on a regional basis because of the variations between regions.
Region 1 extends from the American border to High River; Region 2 extends from High
River to Olds; Region 3 extends from Olds to Camrose; Region 4 extends from Camrose to

Fort McMurray; Region 5 extends from Camrose to Athabasca; and Region 6 is the Peace
River area.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

8

- 2 -

Custom Grain Harvesting Rate Guide (cont'd)

Combining ($ Per Acre)

Region Range Most Common

1 $12-35 $14

2 $ 6 - 22 $14

3 $ 9 - 10 $ 9 - 10

4 $10-20 $10-11

5 ' $11 (one report) —

6 $20 (one report) —

Combining and Trucking ($ Per Acre)

Region Range Most Common

1 $15-40 $17-18

2 $10-15 $14-15

3 $10-15 $13-15

4 $ 9 - 15 $15

5 $14-16 $14-16

6 $21 (one report) -

According to Mr. Andres, many people do not understand the different rate struc-
tures that apply to a good neighbor compared with an operator who specializes in custom
work. "A good neighbor", he explains, "is usually a local farmer who does custom work
after he has finished his own work, while somebody who specializes in custom work does it as
a full-time job. Hence, a good neighbor is usually only interested in covering his variable
costs (fuel, labor and repairs) and in making a small profit to supplement his income. His

- (cont'd) -

-3-

9

Custom Grain Harvesting Rate Guide (cont'd)

fixed costs (depreciation, interest and insurance) are usually covered by his own farnn. On
the other hand, a full-time custom operator has to cover his variable costs, his fixed costs and
make a profit if he is going to stay in business. Consequently, his rate will nearly always be
higher than that of a good neighbor."

You can obtain additional information on grain harvesting custom rates from
your district agriculturist or from the Farm Business Management Branch, Alberta Agricul-
ture Box 2000, Olds, Alberta, TOM 1 PO.

- 30 - •'

Phone: (403) 427-2121

Ahexia

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

10

August 8, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RFLFAXSE

STEM SMUT

Stem smut is a widespread fungus disease of fall rye in Alberta. In 1982 it was
found in 22 per cent of fall rye fields that were surveyed by staff at the federal research
station in Lethbridge.

According to Dr. Ronald Howard, plant pathologist at the Alberta Horticultural
Research Center in Brooks, plants which have been infected with s^'em smut can be detected
as soon as they begin to head out, but the disease does not become c js until after

the crop has started to ripen. As the name of this disease suggests, a mass of olack smut
spores appears on the uppermost part of the rye stems, which are much shorter than healthy
stems. The mass of spores then spreads into the heads of the rye which become blackened
and yield no grain. Dr. Howard says the heads of infested plants often do not emerge from
the "boot" and that when they do emerge, they are usually bent or otherwise distorted.

He reports that Vitaflow fungicide seed treatment in either the liquid suspension
(Vitaflo-280) or the drill box formulation (Vitaflo DB) provide fairly good control of stem
smut. And he says that Vitaflo, being a systemic, will also provide some control of stem smut
when the spores are in the soil. He points out that this is an important feature because stem
smut spores can survive in the dry soils of southern Alberta in spite of an intervening fallow
year. Hence, other seed treatment products that to not have Vitaflo's systemic property
may fail to provide protection against soil borne spores.

Dr. Howard also points out that the use of the resistant fall rye cultivar, Kodiak,
in conjunction with treating the seed with Vitaflo, has been the main method of controlling
the disease since 1976. He reports that the use of Kodiak increased by 50 per cent between

- (cont'd) -

y^lborra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-2121 p„nt Media Branch-

11

Stem Smut (cont'd)

1977 and 1981. It replaced some of the moderately susceptible old cultivars. Dr. Howard
also says that the fungicide treatment or fall rye seed increased from practically nil in 1977 to
approximately 25 per cent of the rye crops that were planted in 1981. However, the effi-
ciency of Vitaflo apparently varies, depending upon environmental, biological and other
factors.

Dr. Howard says an increase in the use of a fungicide that is more effective than
Vitaflo plus a new cultivar that is as resistant as Kodiak and as agronomically acceptable as
Cougar will be needed if losses from fall rye stem smut are to be substantially reduced.

- 30 -

i

August 8, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

DUTCH ELM DISEASE PROSPECTS IN ALBERTA

Can Alberta remain free of Dutch EInn Disease (DED) which attacks American
elm trees? Dr. leuan Evans, plant pathologist with Alberta Agriculture, sees no reason why it
should not, providing that its residents continue their vigilance.

He holds this optimistic view in spite of the fact that DED infected more than
1,000 American elms in Winnipeg last year out of a city-wide population of around 250,000,
and even though that city had a rigid disease control program in place. He reports that Winni-
peg's 1983 budget for controlling the disease this year will be over $1 millicn.

According to Dr. Evans, it is quite possible that more than 200,000 of Winnipeg's
elm trees would disappear in a few years if the disease was not checi<od And he says it is
becoming increasingly difficult to lind mature American elm trees in most Eastern Canadian
cities, especially in Ontario where the elm was once the dominant urban species.

Why then does Dr. Evans feel optimistic about Alberta's chances of escaping this
very destructive disease. He says "Maybe an outbreak could occur here but we have a much
better chance of preventing and controlling DED than is the case in any of the provinces to
the east of us because v\/e have no wild American elms and because, so far, we have no bark
beetles, which feed only on dead or dying elms and are essential for the spread of this
disease."

The American elm grows wild in Eastern Canada and in Manitoba and Saskat-
chewan whereas all the elm trees in Alberta have been planted, regardless of whether they
are on farmsteads, in gardens or along city boulevards. "Hence, we do not have to contend
with elms in varying states of health that are growing wild in our river valleys or along our
river banks as is the case in Manitoba and to a lesser extent in Saskatchewan," says Dr. Evans.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

13

2-

Dutch Elm Disease Prospects In Alberta (cont'd)

And he points out that we do not have either the native elm bark beetle nor the European
elm bark beetle, both of which are present in Manitoba. Saskatchewan has only the native
elm bark beetle.

However, Dr. Evans stresses that because we do not have the necessary ingredients
for a general epidemic of DED does not mean that v^/e can afford to be less vigilant in Alberta.
Drooping and yellov^ing leaves are the typical symptoms to watch for at this time of year. In
June and July the sudden wilting, curling and browning of the leaves on one or more
branches could be an indication of DED. At first glance such branches may appear to have
been broken by the wind. Dr. Evans urges anyone who thinks he has seen any of these
symptoms on an American elm to contact his district agriculturist who will send a sample of
the branches to his nearest Alberta Agriculture regional crops laboratory for an analysis.

Because plant protection specialists have been concerned for some time now
about the possibility of campers bringing fire wood into Alberta from DED-infested areas in
Manitoba and Montana, all camping grounds in the province and border crossings have been
posted with "KEEP DED OUT" notices. They are intended to remind travellers about the
risk of transporting DED in elm fire wood.

DED was declared a plant pest under the Agricultural Pests Act of Alberta in
1978, which makes it illegal to bring infected elm wood into the province.

-30-

August 8, 1983

14

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THE CONTROL OF POWDERY MILDEW

Powdery mildew, a fungus disease that affects bluegrass turf, frequently develops
under trees and dense shrubbery as well as along the edges of flowerbeds and buildings where
the shade is moderate to heavy, the air circulation is poor and the humidity is high.

This disease can be recognized by the presence of a powdery white growth on the
blades of grass, and is most prevalent on the new growth. Since it weakens the grass plants,
they are easily killed by environmental stress and by other diseases. If the infection is heavy,
the grass blades may turn yellow and die.

Powdery mildew spreads rapidly by spores that overwinter on the infected blades

of grass.

Dr. Ronald Howard, plant pathologist at the Alberta Horticultural Research
Center in Brooks, recommends the following procedure for controlling the disease.

Avoid close mowing and the excessive use of a nitrogen fertilizer because it
may stimulate an excessive amount of new growth.

, Selectively prune trees and shrubs to allow the sunlight to penetrate the area
and to facilitate better air circulation.

Plant creeping red fescue grass in shaded areas.
. Apply a thiophanate-methyl fungicide spray at 14-day intervals if the infec-
tion is severe.

Dr. Howard points out that Touchdown, Nugget and Dormie bluegrass varieties
are resistant to powdery mildew, while Arista, Delta Merion and Fylking have medium resis-
tance. The Park, Common and the Poa unnua types of bluegrass are all susceptible to the
disease.

- 30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
r T'^dia Branch

15

August 8, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

DRYING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

The preservation of food by drying has shown a considerable increase over the last
decade, according to Cathy Sinnott, Alberta Agriculture's regional food and nutrition special-
ist for the northern part of the province.

She says fruit, vegetables, herbs and seeds can all be dried in a conventional oven,
a convection oven or in the wide variety of food dehydrators that are on the market today.
Sun drying is not reconnmended for most parts of Alberta because there are usually not
enough consecutive hot, dry days to do a successful job of drying.

Ms. Sinnott suggests that anyone who has never dried food before start out by
using a conventional oven. And she points out that an oven thermometer is essential when
using a conventional oven because the temperature must be kept as close to 60 °C (140° F)
as possible. She also says that the oven door must be left ajar to allow the moist air to escape,
and that a fan placed on a counter near the oven door will speed up the movement of moist
air away from the products being dried.

Flat wicker baskets, wooden slats and stainless steel mesh can all be used as drying
trays. While in the oven they should be rotated and turned frequently to facilitate even dry-
ing. Ms. Sinnott emphasizes that the successful drying of any type of food depends upon the
ability of the air to circulate around the items.

She points out that the speed with which food dries will depend upon the air
temperature and the relative humidity, the speed with which the air circulates around the

- (cont'd) -

/diberra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-2121 Pnnt Media Branch

16

-2-

Dryinq Fruits And Vegetables (cont'd)

items that are being dried and the speed with which the moisture in the products is drawn to
the surface and evaporates. Because so many factors are involved, it is impossible to specify
the time required to dry a specific type of food. "Each type must be tested and its degree of
dryness evaluated, "says Ms. Sinnott. "Properly dried fruits, for example, are usually leathery
or 'suede-like'. This means that it should be impossible to squeeze any moisture out of the
fruit and that a handful of pieces will not stick together when squeezed."

Further information on drying fruit and vegetables is contained in a leaflet en-
titled "Drying Fruits and Vegetables" (Homedex 1157) which can be obtained from district
home economists or by writing to the Publications Office, Alberta Agriculture, 7000-113
Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

- 30 - •

17

August 8, 1983

FOR MMEDIATELY RELEASE

DISTRICT HOME ECONOMIST APPOINTED TO VALLEYVIEW

The head of Alberta Agriculture's home economics branch, Shirley Myers, has
announced the appointment of Christine Murphy to the position of district home
economist at Valleyview.

Ms. Murphy was born in Edmonton and grew up in Red Deer. She obtained
her B.Sc. (home economics) from the University of Alberta in 1982, having majored in
foods and nutrition.

She took her district home economist training at the Barrhead district office.

<0

- 30 -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dlbcrra

Print iich

SEP - 9 198.

August 15, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Alberta Farm Income Outlook "I

Beef Cattle Outlook ^

ADC First-Quarter Lending Results ^

Tordon Not A Health Hazard ^

Alberta Lamb Price Outlook ^

The Sale Of The Century ^

1 1

Canadian Egg Situation

Western Canada Shipper-Carrier Day '^^

Financial Assistance Available To Alberta Farmers 15

Agricultural Films To Air On CBC 16

Manager Of Agribusiness Lending Appointed 17

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/dlborra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

August 15, 1983

1

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ALBERTA FARM INCOME OUTLOOK

While farm cash receipts in 1982 remained similar to those of the previous year,
1983 cash receipts are forecast to drop by nearly 7 per cent or by $261 million.

Total cash operating expenses are also expected to drop, but by only 4 per cent.
This would bring Alberta farmers' net cash income in 1983 to slightly above the 1979 level.
However, because prices rose by more than 35 per cent from 1979 through 1982, many
farmers are continuing to be hard pressed to meet such financial commitments as principal
payments on outstanding debts and on-going cash expenses.

According to the assistant head of Alberta Agriculture's statistics branch, Lorraine
Hope, machinery costs, which have risen by 84 per cent since 1979, continue to be the largest
on-going expense being faced by Alberta farmers today. She points out that these machinery
expenses include only fuel, parts and labor for repairs; they do not include the purchase of
new equipment, nor do they include the interest paid on existing equipment. She also says
these increased costs, which have been accompanied by lower incomes, have resulted in many
farmers repairing their old machines rather than buying new ones. And she adds that "While
this approach allows for an immediate decrease in the total cash cost to the farmer, the differ-
ence between the old equipment, which is worth less, and the new equipment, which cont-
inues to increase in price, will be much greater when the old machinery is finally replaced."

The reduction in interest rates from their unprecedented levels in 1981 has be(;n
the one bright spot for farmers in 1983. The lower rates charged by the federal Farm Credit
Corporation and the provincial Agricultural Development Corporation have enabled some
farmers to refinance their debts to match their present and projected incomes. However,
even though total interest costs for 1983 are expected to be down by $62 million from what
they were in 1982, the $418 million in interest costs that will have to be paid by Alberta
farmers this year remains one of their larger cash expenses.

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

- (cont'd) -

Ahexia

AGRICULTi

r

Alberta Farm Income Outlook (cont'd)

Ms. Hope expects cash receipts from crops in 1983 to be down by more than
$160 million. She points out that a weak demand and burdensome world grain supplies will
mean lower grain prices. Wheat receipts are expected to be up slightly, but barley receipts
are projected to drop by 22 per cent. Canola receipts will remain similar to what they were
in 1982.

Cash receipts from livestock are projected to be down by $100 million in 1983.
Although cattle prices continue to be down marginally from what they were last year, heavier
carcass weights should offset much of this shortfall. But cash receipts from hogs are expec-
ted to be down by $25 million, and lower prices will be responsible for this decline.

In essence, the short-term cost-price squeeze has placed many Alberta farmers in
a cash-short position as the rising costs of farming continue to take a larger and larger part
of the cash receipts. And the buoyant attitude that were prevalent during the 1970's has
been replaced by a cautious scepticism.

-30-

August 15, 1983

3

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

BEEF CATTLE OUTLOOK

During the remainder of the current quarter, A1 and A2 steer prices in Calgary are
expected to be in the $70 to $72 per hundredweight range, but to decline below $70 per
hundredweight periodically. However, according to Alberta Agriculture's livestock economist,
Gordon Herrington, prices should show some strengthening towards the end of the year and
reach $73 to $74 per hundredweight in Calgary by mid-December.

He expects fed heifer discounts to remain narrow throughout the third quarter
but to widen in the fourth quarter. And he says the Calgary-Toronto differential will remain
relatively wide because U.S. slaughter cattle will be substituted for western slaughter cattle
when supplies tighten in Western Canada. However, supplies will remain relatively plentiful
in the United States. Severe weakness is expected in the fourth quarter slaughter-cow
market, particularly in the D3 and D5 slaughter grades.

Mr. Herrington says feeder cattle and calf prices should be slightly better this fall
and winter than they were during the same periods in 1982. This expectation is based on a
good demand arising from large on-farm feed supplies. However, Mr. Herrington points out
that less than satisfactory price levels for fed cattle will limit price advances. Demand and
prices for cow-calf pairs and females suitable for breeding are expected to be good during the
remainder of the year.

Although Alberta's beef output will probably be reduced over the next two
quarters; supplies of slaughter cattle in North America as a whole will be plentiful. Mr. Herr-
ington says third quarter supplies of fed cattle in the United States will be good and that an
increase in the number of cows that are slaughtered will be a dominant influence in the
market place in both Canada and the U.S. during the fourth quarter.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

Beef Cattle Outlook (cont'd)

Estimates of corn and barley supplies suggest that the demand for feeder cattle
and calves will continue to be strong throughout the fall and winter months, but that fed
cattle price expectations will limit price levels.

Mr. Herrington points out that the current pressure on narrow producer-wholesale
margins will persist if beef retail price reductions remain relatively small. He also points out
that a further price weakness beyond that expected above could occur if supplies continue to
be burdensome, especially since pork will become increasingly abundant during the next six
months. He says little latitude exists in producer-wholesale margins to enable them to absorb
supply and demand pressures, but that wholesale-retail margins could narrow to improve
consumer demand.

The above article is based on information that was available in July, 1983.

-30-

5

August 15, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ADC FIRST-QUARTER LENDING RESULTS

Harold Hanna, chairman and nnanaging director of the Agricultural Development
Corporation (ADC), has announced the corporation's lending results for the first quarter,
which ended on June 30, 1983.

Direct farm lending for the quarter equalled 338 loans for a total of $43.5
million. Three hundred and nine of the loans, amounting to $40.9 million, were made to
beginning farmers. Specific guaranteed loans to farmers equalled 22 loans and totalled $0.87
million, while guaranteed loans made under the Alberta Farm Development Loan Program
accounted for 2,127 loans and totalled $29.9 million. In the area of agribusiness, seven speci-
fic guaranteed loans were approved for a total of $5.2 million, while eight operating loans
were extended for a further $9.2 million.

Compared with the same period in the previous year, the volume of direct lending
in the first quarter of 1983-84 was down by $18 million or by about 29 per cent. This was
the result of continuing uncertainty in agriculture and the increased lending activity of other
lenders.

Mr. Hanna says that the corporation expects there will be a continued emphasis
on guaranteed loans providing that commercial lending rates remain at or near their current
levels. With the reduced level of direct lending, ADC's field staff have been able to devote
more time to financial counselling and assisting farmers in difficulty to restructure their
affairs. Mr. Hanna also emphasized the necessity for the corporation to be responsive to the
changing credit needs of the agricultural industry in Alberta.

-30-

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

Auyust lb, 1903

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

TORDON NOT A HEALTH HAZARD

Over the years the herbicide, Tordon, has been accused by anti-pesticide groups of
causing a number of health hazards including birth defects and cancer. However, according
to Alberta Agriculture's pesticide issues co-ordinator. Dr. Moe Hussain, these accusations are
not based on fact; they are totally false.

He says anti-pesticide groups have used false information to mislead the public
into believing that Tordon is dangerous. He stresses that it has been exhaustively tested for
nearly 30 years by various universities, governments, research centres and chemical manufac-
turers, and that all the results have been negative.

Dr. Hussain says; "This herbicide does not cause cancer, miscarriages or birth
defects. Because it is quickly eliminated in the urine and does not accumulate in the human
body, it does not have a chance to precipitate any of the health problems that have been
attributed to it. Nor does it penetrate the uterus where it could affect an unborn baby."

Dr. Hussain also says that the data often quoted by anti-pesticide groups to
support their accusation that Tordon causes cancer come from a report by Dr. Melvin
Reuber, pathologist with the Fredrick Cancer Research Center in the United States.

Reuber claimed to have seen 25,000 microscopic samples of tissues that came
from rats that had been treated with Tordon which he concluded were cancerous. However,
as Dr. Hussain points out, Reuber was sharply and publicly reprimanded by his supervisor,
Dr. M.G. Hanna, who is director of the center. Dr. Hanna accused Reuber of lying and of
giving the impression that the center may be engaged in research of questionable competency.
However, according to the center's daily log. Dr. Reuber did not spend enough time in the

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/diberra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

- 2-

7

Tordon Not A Health Hazard (cont'd)

laboratory to review 25,000 microscopic samples of tissue. And the judgement of the team
of pathologists who actually carried out the reseatch on Tordon, and who spent several years
doing so, would be much more ci'editable than that of one man. According to Dr. Hussain,
these pathologists concluded several years ago that Tordon does not cause cancer.

In additiofi to being used on crops, Tordon is used in Alberta to control weeds
and brush along roadsides. When used for this purpose it can be purchased and applied only
by specially trained personnel who have been licensed by the government. Since it is not sold
to homeowners, no one is exposed to Tordon except the person who applies it. However,
Dr. Hussain says even if somebody were to be accidentally exposed to it, no harm would
come to him because it is so quickly eliminated by the body.

- 30 -

8

August 15, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

ALBERTA LAMB PRICE OUTLOOK

The outlook for Alberta prices is not optimistic in the short term, says
Debbie Thorsen, market economist with Alberta Agriculture.

She reports prices will be generally lower for the remainder of this year,
compared with the same period in 1982, and that supplies will remain heavy. She
says among the factors underlying the weaker lamb prices are a sharp increase in
supplies, ample supplies of competing meats and a weak North American economy.

She points out that it is normal for prices to decline during the third
quarter, but that they usually recover to some degree before the end of the year.
However, this year, the significant drop in prices that has occurred up to the
present time is not expected to turn around. In fact, the decline is expected to
continue over the next three months, but at a more moderate pace, possibly reach-
ing a low in the mid-$50 per hundredweight range by fall.

According to Ms. Thorsen, Alberta lamb prices in the second quarter of this
year averaged the lowest they have been in that quarter for the last five years. And
she says the heavy lamb slaughter that is taking place this summer, plus the smaller
January 1, 1983 inventory, indicates a possible reduction in this fall's slaughter
level.

The above article is based on information that was available in July 1983.

- 30 -

/dibcrta

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

9

Aunust 15, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THE SALE OF THE CENTURY

About 60 prominent American cattle breeders, a large number of well known
Canadian breeders and the president of the United Kingdom's Limousin Association were
among the 300 potential buyers who attended the largest annual sale ever held at Goldview
Farms Ltd in High River, Alberta.

Called "The Sale of the Century", it featured 74 lots of full French Limousin
cattle, many of which were the progeny of "Harvest Olympus" and "Harvest Sportsman",
both internationally famous Limousin bulls.

Lee Harris of Alberta Agriculture's market development sector, who attended the
sale, reports that the 74 lots grossed $668,050 for an average price of $9,028. He points out
that this is a very exceptionally high average in view of the present state of the North Amer-
ican cattle industry, and that it speaks extremely well for the Limousin breed.

The owners of Goldenview Farms Ltd, Jim and Ruth McBride, felt that the best
part of the sale was that their cattle all went to first class breeders who are likely to be in the
Limousin business for many years to come. This means that they are also likely to be
"repeat" clients.

The cattle went to 11 states in the U.S.A. and four provinces in Canada. The
buyer who bought the largest number of cattle at the sale was Vern Ryan of San Angelo,
Texas. He bought six lots for a total of $76,200.

Mr. Harris reports that 65 per cent of the cattle were sold to American buyers for
a total of $'131,100.

(cont'd) -

y^lbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

The Sale Of The Century (cont'd)

He attributes much of the success of the Goldview Farms' sale to the time and
effort the McBrides expended on the promotion of the Limousin breed in both Canada and
the United States. And Mr. Harris believes that the success of their sale will greatly benefit
the Limousin cattle industry in Alberta as a whole.

A great deal of time and energy also went into the actual organizing of the sale,
which started off with a wine and cheese party that featured prominent western entertainers.
It and the barbecue, which also preceded the sale, were attended by the 300 guests.

-30-

August 15, 1983

11

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CANADIAN EGG SITUATION

The Canadian Egg Marketing Agency (CEMA) plans to reduce quotas on January
1, 1984 by 5 per cent to try to achieve a better balance between eggs supplies and table egg
consumption. And it is widely anticipated that producer levels will be raised in September to
help finance the agency's current surplus egg disposal activities.

According to the head of Alberta Agriculture's market analysis branch, David
Walker, Canadian egg production during the first six months of this year reached 208.5
million dozen, which represents a 2.5 per cent increase over the same period in 1982. How-
ever, table egg consumption remained relatively unchanged during this period.

As a consequence of the divergent trends in production and consumption, CEMA
has been involved in trying to dispose of surplus eggs. Mr. Walker reports that about 48 per
cent of the almost 28.5 million dozen that have been declared as surplus have been moved to
breakers, and that the balance have been exported. He points out that the 140 per cent
increase in exports exceeds the level of exports in the same period in 1981 by about 10 per
cent. And he says that CEMA's plans to reduce quotas by 5 per cent at the beginning of the
new year appears to be based on the premise that the increase in egg production under
existing quotas will continue for the foreseeable future.

Mr. Walker also points out that the present trend towards increased supplies
appears to have come as somewhat of a surprise to the industry in so far as the last quota
adjustment was made in 1981 and was for a 3 per cent reduction. He says among the reasons
for the increase in production that have been suggested are an increase in production per bird,
better quota utilization, an increase in production from unregulated flocks and over-
placement. Production increases have apparently occurred in British Columbia, Saskatch-
ewan, Ontario, Quebec and the Atlantic provinces.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

/dibcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

-2-

12

Canadian Egg Situation (cont'd)

On the other hand, Alberta's egg production at 13.8 million dozen was marginally
lower in the first six months of this year than it was during the same period in 1982. Sales
of table eggs within tlie province during the first six months of 1983 at 16.6 million dozen
were down by 2.8 per cent compared with the 1982 level. And rhe movement of eggs into
the province, which represented 33.6 per cent of the province's total supplies of 18.4 million
dozen, was down by 4.4 per cent.

The above article is based on information thai was available in July, 1983.

-30-

13

August 15, 1983

FOR IMMFDIATE RELEASE

WESTERN CANADA SHIPPER-CARRIER DAY

A Western Canada Shipper-Carrier Day has been scheduled to take place in
Vancouver, British Columbia on October 26, 1983.

Nabi Chaudhary, agricultural transportation economist with Alberta Agriculture,
explains the meeting is a continuation ot consultive meetings that have been going on for the
past three years between the Food Processing and Distribution Division of Agriculture
Canada and the shippers and carriers of perishable food products to identify areas of possible
improvement in the domestic and export market distribution systems.

Since the first national Shipper Carrier Day in September of 1981, there have
been five other similar events, all of which received an excellent reception. And they have
been responsible for the development of new domestic and export markets for various comm-
odities. *

Mr. Chaudhary says the Canadian Committee of the International Cargo Handling

Co-ordination Association (ICHCA Canada) will be working with Agriculture Canada on all
aspects of the Western Canada meeting, and that its participation will bring a new dimension
to the discussions.

The objectives of the Western Canada Shipper-Carrier Day are; to bring regional
shippers and carriers of perishable goods and other agricultural products together so that a
dialogue can be established between interested groups; to create a forum in which shippers
and carriers can discuss and identify the inherent advantages and restraints in the transporta-
tion components of their domestic and export marketing activities; and to determine the
types of institutional frameworks that could be used to coordinate available distribution
services to achieve a better strategic marketing tool for maintaining and penetrating domestic

and export markets.

(cont'd)

/diberra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

Western Canada Shipper-Carrier Day (cont'd)

According to Mr. Chaudhary, shippers of fresh produce, frozen foods, bulk and
dry agricultural cargo and livestock will all be represented at the meeting. Carriers and
transportation service industry personnel will provide information on the transportation
facilities and services that are available to Canadian agri-product shippers from the west coast.

and carriers who operate in the west coast area and out of west coat facilities, shippers from
other parts of Canada who ship via the west coast will benefit from the meeting, Mr. Chaudh-
ary says.

Registration details and further information on the Western Canada Shipper-
Carrier Day can be obtained from:

Although the Western Canada Shipper-Carrier Day is designed mainly for shippers

Mr. D. Kane

Western Canada Shipper-Carrier Day
Food Processing and Distribution Division
Marketing and Economics Branch
Agriculture Canada
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0C5

Mr. i. Strong

Development Officer (Marketing)
Agriculture Canada
Suite 315
80-6th Street

New Westminster, British Columbia
V3L 5B3

Telephone: (613) 995 - 5880
Telex: 053 - 3283

Telephone: (604) 524 - 7342

-30-

15

August 15, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE TO ALBERTA FARMERS

The new edition of the publication entitled "Assistance Available to Alberta
Farmers" contains an update of programs that are available to farmers from the provincial
and federal governments and features three programs that have been added to the list since
the October 1982 edition was published.

Doug Barlund, farm management economist with Alberta Agriculture's farm
business management branch, says the publication outlines the terms for some forty-five
assistance programs and states who qualifies for each. He also says that all farmers, regardless
of their area of specialization, will find the programs of interest, and he draws special
attention to the following new programs.

. Primary Agricultural Producers Rebate Program
. Alberta Youth Employment Program
, Seniors' Home Improvement Plan

To find out more about these and the other programs, you should get a copy of
"Assistance Available to Alberta Farmers" (Agdex 871). It can be obtained from your
district agriculturist or from the Farm Business Management Branch, Box 2000, Olds,
Alberta, TOM IPO or by writing to the Publications Office, Agriculture Building, 7000-1 13
Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30

Ahexia

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

16

August 15, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

AGRICULTURAL FILMS TO AIR ON CBC

"Research — Improving the Odds", a 30-minute television filnn doc-
umenting the value of agricultural research to Alberta consumers, will be aired on
CBC Edmonton and CBC Calgary on Thursday, August 25 at 7:30 p.m.

"Improving the Odds" recently won an Award of Merit at the annual
AMTEC (Association for Media and Technology in Education in Canada) Media
Festival in Montreal. This was the top award in the videotape category, which con-
sisted of entries from across Canada. Tom Dodd of Alberta Agriculture's commun-
ications division produced the film.

Another film produced by Tom Dodd, "Arabians of the Wild Rose",
has also been chosen to be aired by the CBC. It will be aired in Edmonton and
Calgary on September 22 at 7:30 p.m. The film was produced in cooperation with
the Alberta Arabian Horse Council to promote Alberta Arabian horses in the inter-
national marketplace.

The two Alberta Agriculture-produced films mentioned above were
chosen from a group of award winning films in the AMPIA (Alberta Motion Picture
Industry Association) Festival, which was held earlier this year.

For more information contact.

Doug Pettit
Head, Broadcast Media Branch
Communications Division
Phone: (403) 427-2127)

-30 -

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

17

August 15, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

MANAGER OF AGRIBUSINESS LENDING APPOINTED

Bob Thompson, the Agricultural Development Corporation's general
manager of lending, has announced the appointment of Peter L. McNeil to the posi-
tion of manager of agribusiness lending.

In addition to his responsibilities for supervising and directing the agri-
business lending section, Mr. McNeil will be responsible for managing and monitor-
ing the corporation's agribusiness portfolio, researching the credit needs of the agri-
business industry and recommending, and subsequently implementing, new or
revised programs and policies.

He has a B.A. in economics and an M.B.A. in accounting from the Uni-
versity of Alberta, and is a certified general accountant. And he has been employed
as a senior business analyst with Alberta Agriculture's business analysis branch
since 1977. He also has a broad knowledge of the needs of Alberta agriculture.

Mr. McNeil, his wife, Johanna, and his two boys, Robert and Grant, will
be moving to Camrose where they will be an asset to the community.

- 30 -

/dib

Phone: (403) 427-2121

CANADIANS

SEP - 9 1983

August 22, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Tokyo Hotel Serving Alberta Food Products 1

Contact Lens Story Untrue 2

Potato Outlook For Growers 3

Chicken Market Outlook 5

Sjgar Situation And Outlook 6

Seed Treatment For Fall Rye 8

Sources Of Farm Business Credit In Alberta 9

White Leaf Spot In Alfalfa 11

Head Of Herbicide Section Appointed 12

Phone: (403) 427-2121

Abexia

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

1

August 22, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

TOKYO HOTEL SERVING ALBERTA FOOD PRODUCTS

People in Tokyo, Japan, are having a chance to taste Alberta food products
during the month of August. And judging by their reactions, they are enjoying what they
are eating!

It is all part of what has become an annual event at the Palace Hotel in Tokyo
where a one-month Canadian food festival is being held. While food for the festival is usually
secured from all parts of Canada, this year the emphasis is on food products from Alberta —
Alberta beef, pork, mushrooms, frozen vegetables, honey and a number of alcoholic bever-
ages.

The Alberta Culinary Arts Foundation, working in conjunction with Alberta
Agriculture's market development division, sent an Edmonton chef to the Palace Hotel
where, for 17 days, he supervised the preparation of the Alberta menu. Beat Hegnauer,
chef de cuisine of the Four Seasons Hotel in Edmonton, says he found a warm reception in
Japan and that the Alberta food selections are being favorably received.

As part of the promotion, a dinner was held for the Japan Chefs' Association at
which 50 chefs from the leading hotels in Tokyo tasted dishes prepared by Mr. Hegnauer.
And the chefs were favorably impressed with the quality of the Alberta products.

Jackson Gardner, international trade director with Alberta Agriculture, explains
that the food promotion is all part of trying to increase the export of Alberta food products
to Japan. He says that letting the prospective customer actually taste the product, rather
than just hearing about it, is a superior method of marketing. "We hope," says Mr. Gardner,
"that the 50 chefs who enjoyed our food will request that their suppliers carry Alberta
products on a continuing basis."

- 30 -

/dlbcrra

AGRICi

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

August 22, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CONTACT LENS SCARE STORY UNTRUE

The staff of Alberta Agriculture's Farm Safety Program have received a number of
calls from people who are worried about the danger of wearing contact lenses while welding.

The alarm was triggered by a recent article that stated that two workers wearing
contact lenses had apparently lost their sight when the arcs and sparks that are generated
during the welding process bonded their contact lenses to the corneas of their eyes.

The manager of the Farm Safety Program, Solomon Kyeremanteng, reports that
the information he has received from the Alberta Optometric Association indicates that there
is no truth to the above statement. He quotes the association's spokesman, Glenn Campbell,
as saying that it is physically impossible for a contact lens to be bonded to the wearer's
cornea, and that the heat generated by a welding arc or an electrical spark is not nearly
enough to dry out the tear fluid in the eyes. Mr. Campbell also said that there is no possibil-
ity of a contact lens being able to intensify the heat in the eye by concentrating the light rays
that are produced during welding.

However, welding does pose dangers to the eyes, and it is for this reason that all
welders, regardless of whether or not they wear contact lenses, should always wear the
appropriate safety glasses or goggles.

A welder who does not wear the proper tinted safety glasses or welder's goggles
has a good chance of developing a condition called photokeratitis from exposure to the ultra-
violet radiation in the welding arcs. Although this condition rarely causes permanent damage,
it can be very painful for from six to 24 hours. And it is important to remember that a hot
spark can burn unprotected eyes just as well as unprotected skin.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

Ahexia

' inch

August 22, 1983

3

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

POTATO OUTLOOK FOR GROWERS

Alberta potato growers could find fresh potatoes under pressure again this fall if
their 1983 crop is larger, or even as large, as that of last year.

This is the opinion of Alberta Agriculture's special commodities analyst, Fred
Boyce, who reports that this year's potato acreage in Alberta is estimated to be 18,500 acres
or 500 acres larger than the 1982 crop. He says fresh potato and seed potato acreages are
estimated to be larger than those of last year, but that the processing potato acreage is est-
imated to be unchanged or down slightly from that of last year.

He also reports that potato contract prices in Alberta for 1983 processing are
lower than they were for the 1982 crop, and that nearly all the main potato growing areas in
Canada have reported a 3 to 5 per cent drop in their contract prices. He points out that
larger than normal inventories, a slower demand and lower prices for open market potatoes
have allowed processors to push for concessions in their contract negotiations, and that
Canadian and American settlements have been similar.

Mr. Boyce says the export of Alberta seed potatoes to the United States was the
one bright spot in the potato industry last season, and that a similar or higher volume of sales
is anticipated for the 1983 crop.

The North American fall potato crop is reported to be in generally good condition
although wet, cool weather in several areas delayed seeding and crop development. Mr. Boyce
says North American potato yields are not expected to exceed those of an average year be-
cause of the late seeding in some areas. This fact, plus the smaller than normal potato acreage
in the United States, could result in a North American crop of 350 million hundredweight,
which would be 15 million hundredweight smaller than that of last year.

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

AhexiG

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

-2-

4

Potato Fr\cc Cu'iook hor Growers ( co nt 'd )

Since the harvesting of the iste summer potato crop and the early fall crop is
expected tc D^'erlso in both Canada and the United States, prices are expected tc be v^'eak
prior to the main harvest. However, Mr. Bcycc believes prices for the main 1983 North
American potato crop wHi be somewhat better than they were in 1982. And he point? out
that any adverse we^ther conditk-ns during the remainder of the growing season would
further enhance this anticipated price improvement,

- 30 ^

August 22, 1983

5

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CHICKEN MARKET OUTLOOK

The Canadian chicken market is expected to be adversely effected by an expan-
sion in American hog production and by an increase in competitively priced pork. Although
stocks are relatively low, they are projected to increase towards the end of the year, which
would put pressure on prices.

David Walker, head of Alberta Agriculture's market analysis branch, reports that
Alberta chicken production was 17.5 million kg for the first six months of this year or 1.7
per cent below the output in the same period of 1982. Disappearance for the same six-month
period was up by 2 per cent compared with the same period in 1982, reflecting the more
liberal supply of chicken meat in this province compared with the rest of Canada. Mr. Walker
points out that chicken prices in Alberta have strengthened during the last six months, but
that they have not been as strong as those in Eastern Canada.

He reports that chicken production in Canada as a whole from the beginning of
January 1983 to the end of June was 188.7 million kg, representing a 1 .2 per cent drop from
the same period in 1982. The national consumption of chicken meat during the first six
months of this year has been estimated at 207.2 million kg.

Mr. Walker says the national consumption of cornish and broiler-weight birds
appears to have dropped by 0.8 per cent, while the consumption of roasters has increased by
16.6 per cent. He also says that some of the drop in chicken consuntption during the second
quarter of this year was the result of more competitive red meat prices than was the case a
year ago, and some was the result of tighter supplies. However, in general, national chicken
prices have strengthened during the last six months as a result of the tighter supply situation.
The above article is based on information that was available in July, 1 983.

-30-

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

6

August 22, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SUGAR SITUATION AND OUTLOOK

Alberta sugar beet growers should receive modestly improved returns from their
1983 crop compared with returns from their 1982 crop, providing that there is no further
collapse in the international sugar market.

Fred Boyce, special commodities analyst with Alberta Agriculture, says producer
prices for the 1982 crop are not expected to match the 1981 price of $43.18 per tonne, and
that they are more likely to be under the $40 per tonne level.

With average yields, Canada's 1983 sugar beet production is expected to exceed
1.1 million tonnes, which would be higher than it was in 1982. And it could even reach the
1981 level of 1.2 million tonnes. The acreage planted to sugar beets in Alberta and Quebec
is expected to be up from last year, while that in Manitoba is expected to be basically un-
changed.

According to Mr. Boyce, Alberta's sugar beet contracted acreage was slightly more
than 33,000 acres this year, but poor growing conditions early in the season and a late spring
frost resulted in some of this acreage having to be reseeded. He believes that hail damage and
acreage abandonment will probably result in a harvested acreage of about 32,000 acres.

World sugar production in 1983 is forecast to drop below last year's level and
very early estimates favor a production level of about 95 million tonnes. World sugar con-
sumption is also expected to rise and could equal this year's production level.

- (cont'd) -

/dibcrra

agricult;

Phone: (403) 427-2121 Print Media Brancn

7

-2-

Sugar Situation And Outlook (cont'd)

Mr. Boyce reports that nearly all areas of the world anticipate a further growth in
sugar usage except Western Europe, where consumption is expected to remain the same, and
North America, where usage is expected to decline as a result of the use of artificial sweet-
eners and the increased use of high fructose corn syrup. He predicts that the large surplus
of sugar on the world market will continue to weigh heavily on producer prices throughout
the remainder of the year. And he points out that price rallies will depend upon weather
problems in the main sugar producing areas of the world as well as on a continued improve-
ment in the world sugar trade and consumption. "A set back in the recovery of the world
economy would halt any improvement in sugar prices", he says.

The above article is based on information that was available in July 1 983.

■ ■ -30- ■■ ■ ■ • ■

August 22, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

8

SEED TREATMENT FOR FALL RYE

Agriculture Canada research results have shown that farmers can get far better
yields from their fall rye if they treat the seed with a fungicide.

And Alberta Agriculture's plant pathologist, Dr. I.R. Evans, reports that research
in Western Canada has shown that treating fall rye with a fungicide at a cost of around a
dollar an acre can increase yields by as much as four or five bushels per acre. He says that fall
rye is susceptible to a number of fungal diseases, the more serious of which are seed decay,
seedling blight and stem smut. However, they can all be greatly reduced or eliminated by
treating fail rye seed with a suitable fungicide.

Cougar, a popular fall rye variety, is one of many that are suitable for growing
in Alberta. However, since it is highly susceptible to stem smut, a farmer who has had a
problem with this disease should either treat his seed with Vitavax, which will control the
smut, seed decay and seedling blight, or he should grow a stem smut-resistant variety, such as
Kodiak, and use a fungicide that will control seed decay and seedling blight.

Despite the fact that fungal diseases cause poor rye stands, which naturally result
in reduced grain yields, and despite the fact that seed treatment is recommended for fall rye,
less than 25 per cent of the fall rye grown in Alberta is treated with a fungicide. "This
situation is unfortunate", says Dr. Evans, "when conclusive evidence has shown that a dollar
invested in seed treatment will return an average of $8 to $10 in increased yields per acre.

All the fungicide seed treatment products that are recommended for fall rye are
listed in a publication entitled "Seed Treatment of Cereal and Oilseed Crops" (Agdex
100/632), which can be obtained from Alberta Agriculture's district offices.

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

- 30 -

AhexiQ

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

9

August 22, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SOURCES OF FARM BUSINESS CREDIT IN ALBERTA

If you are in the market for farm credit, you will be interested in Alberta Agricul-
ture's updated publication entitled "Sources of Farm Business Credit in Alberta".

It outlines the credit options that are available to farmers in this province, includ-
ing the farm loan programs that are available through chartered banks, treasury branches,
credit unions, the federal Farm Credit Corporation and the provincial Agricultural Develop-
ment Corporation. It also gives advice on where to seek financing for credit needs that are
not covered by the more traditional agricultural lenders.

The first part of the publication outlines some of the rules for the sound use of
credit and points out things that should be considered when dealing with creditors.

The next part contains a summary, in the form of a chart, of long-term financing
that is available to farmers at banks, credit unions, treasury branches and government agen-
cies. Of particular interest to many farmers will be the availability of fixed interest rates, the
terms of fixed interest rates and the prepayment of allowances and penalties at the various
financial institutions.

Doug Barlund of Alberta Agriculture's farm business management branch outlines
below two of the more important changes that have taken place in the credit field since the
1982 edition of "Sources of Farm Business Credit in Alberta" was published last October.

The Farm Credit Corporation (FCC) has raised its maximum loan to a single farm
business to $350,000 from $300,000 when there is one qualifying applicant. And it has
raised its maximum loan to a single farm business to $600,000 from $500,000 when there is
more than one qualifying applicant. Although FCC interest rates are now reviewed every
month, the rate for a single farm business loan is set for a 10-year renewable period, and these

- (cont'd) -

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

ydlbcrra

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

10

-2-

Sources Of Farm Business Credit In Alberta (cont'd)

loans are subject to a payout penalty that cannot exceed three months' interest.

The Federal Business Development Bank (FBDB) decreased its minimum fixed
interest rate in July of this year for a one-year term mortgage to 12.75 per cent. Other fixed
term mortgage rates that became effective in July are: a two to three-year fixed term at 13.75
per cent; a four-year fixed term at 14.25 per cent; and a five-year fixed term at 14.5 per cent.
The FBDB also has a minimum floating interest rate of 12.25 per cent, which came into
effect in July. • . ,

The above rates are all subject to change on the 23rd of each month.

Copies of "Sources of Farm Business Credit in Alberta" (Agdex 832) can be
obtained from district agriculturists, the Farm Business Management Branch, Box 2000, Olds,
Alberta, TOM 1 PO or by writing to the Publications Office, Alberta Agriculture, J.G. O'Don-
oghue Building, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

-30-

11

August 22, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

WHITE LEAF SPOT IN ALFALFA

Staff at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center in Brooks received a number of
calls earlier this sunnmer from farmers who were concerned about the sudden appearance of
white to tan-colored spots on the leaves of their alfalfa crops.

The plant pathologist at the center, Dr. Ronald Howard, says this condition is

called white leaf spot, and that the spots will vary in size and in number with different alfalfa
cultivars. They may or may not be surrounded by a dark brown margin. Dr. Howard also
says that when the disease is severe, it will cause the leaves to wilt and to die prematurely,

and that plants that are infected with white leaf spot often have fusarium crown rot. How-
ever, the two diseases can also occur separately.

Dr. Howard reports that the cause of white leaf spot is believed to be a fluctua-
tion in the soil moisture level, which stresses the plants. In fact, the disease is often most
severe when a heavy irrigation or a heavy rain follows a period of drought. According to
Dr. Howard, the part that the interaction of soil nutrients and moisture plays in th3 occurr-
ence of white leaf spot in alfalfa is still not well understood. In the meantime he believes the
best way to offset the adverse effects of this disease on the yield and quality of alfalfa is pro-
bably to maintain an adequate soil moisture level and a vigorous forage stand.

-30-

Ahexto

AGRICULTURE

Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Media Branch

12

August 22, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

HEAD OF HERBICIDES SECTION APPOINTED

The head of plant sciences at the Alberta Environmental Centre in Vegreville,
Dr. Bart Bolwyn, has announced the promotion, through an open competition, of Dr. Paul
Sharma to the position of head of the herbicides section in the weed science group.

In his new position. Dr. Sharma will conduct applied research on the physiology
of herbicide action in plants, and he will be responsible for the centre's chemical damage
diagnostic service and extension/advisory service in weed control and herbicides.

Dr. Sharma obtained his B.Sc. (agriculture) and his M.Sc. (agronomy) in India and
his masters and Ph.D. degrees in plant science from the University of Alberta, where he spec-
ialized in weed science.

His 1 7 years of research experience cover various aspects of weed science. At the
University of Alberta he was involved in studies on the mode of action of herbicides and
weed control in cereal and oil seed crops, with special emphasis on the biology and the
control of wild oats and Canada thistle. He was also involved in studies on the interaction
between herbicides and fertilizers and on the responses of crop and weed species to herbicides
that were applied under a variety of environmental conditions. Part of the research work was
carried out jointly with scientists at Agriculture Canada's research station in Lacombe.

Before joining the environmental centre in 1981, Dr. Sharma was employed at
Agriculture Canada's research station in Lethbridge where he did research and extension work
related to weed control in special crops. Since joining the environmental centre, he has been
involved in research related to the biology and the control of economically important weeds
in Alberta, and he has participated in the centre's diagnostic and extension services.

- (cont'd) -

Phone; (403) 427-21 21

AhexiQ

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Brancli

Head Of Hsrbicides Section Appointed (cont'd)

Dr. Sharrna has 30 publications to his credit which include research and extension
papers. He is senior author of a literature review of wild oats, which was published in "The
Biolopy of Canadian Weeds", and of two research reports published by the University of
Aloerta. They are entitled "Wild Gat Herbicide ^/iixtures; Synergism and Antagonism" and
"Wild Oats Herbicides - Fertilizer Interactions '. ' ■

-30-

"DEC - 5

August 29, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THIS WEEK

Regional Home Economist Receives National Award 1

Research Highlights For Cattlemen 3

Sclerotinia Stem Rot In Canola Crops 6

Is Straw A Good Heating Fuel? 8

The Economics Of Overwintering Versus Package Bee Operations 10

Powdery Mildew On Strawberries 12

The Economics Of Home Food Preservation 14

New 4-H Wardrobe 15

Regional 4-H Specialist Appointed For Northwestern Alberta 16

Phone: (403) 427-2121

/diberra

AGRICULTURE

Print Media Branch

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

REGIONAL HOME ECONOMIST RECEIVES NATIONAL AWARD

Alberta Agriculture's regional home economist at Two Hills, Edith Zawadiuk, is
the first woman from Alberta to be awarded an honorary life membership in the Canadian
Society of Extension (CSE).

Throughout her extension career, Ms. Zawadiuk
has shown outstanding leadership qualities and has inspired the
organization of numerous tours, conferences, 4-H clubs, etc.
She has also initiated programs in cooperation with both local
and regional agricultural service boards, and she has trained
several district agriculturists and district home economists in
the finer aspects of extension work.

Over the years she has also shown a great deal of

foresight in determining the needs of rural Albertans. Under

National Extension Award Winner,
her guidance, the district home economists in the northeastern Edith Zawadiuk.*

region of the province developed and tested recipes for canola oil and frozen eggs before
Alberta Agriculture began focussing on marketing these. And she initiated home economics
TV programs when the Lloydminster TV station opened in the late 1950's. In addition to
hosting the show, she often found herself acting as cameraman as well. She was also instr-
umental in the formation of the Lakeland Home Economics Association.

Ms. Zawadiuk is well known for her work with a variety of ethnic groups. In
1976 she was made an honorary princess by the Saddle Lake Indian band in appreciation for
all the work she had done for them.

*Pho to courtesy: Ernie's Photo Studio, Vegreville, C '-2525.

Phone: (403) 427-21 21

- (cont'd) -

y^lborta

AGRICULTURE
Print Media Branch

2

-2 -

Regional Home Economist Receives National Award (cont'd)

She joined Alberta Agriculture as an extension home economist in St. Paul in
1957. At that time she was responsible for five counties in northeastern Alberta. Nine years
later she was seconded to a rural development program (ARDA) as program coordinator.

In 1972 Ms. Zawadiuk was appointed district home economist at Two Hills. In
addition to her regular duties, she was program assistant for 12 district home economists that
were located throughout northeastern Alberta. And in 1975 she was appointed regional
home economist for the Vermilion region.

Ms. Zawadiuk's commitment to her profession can be clearly seen by the number
and variety of professional organizations to which she belongs. She has made extension work
her life, and because of this, and her many other accomplishments, she is a very fitting recep-
ient for the CSE's prestigious national award.

-30- , , ,

1

3

August 29, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS FOR CATTLEMEN

Feed samples in Saskatchewan have shown that the copper content of many
Prairie feeds is low to marginal for cattle.

This was the subject of a paper presented at the Western Section Meeting of the
Canadian Society of Animal Science by Dr. D.A. Christensen of the University of Saskatch-
ewan in Saskatoon, and the paper is one of four that have been summarized below by Ross
Gould of Alberta Agriculture.

In his paper, entitled "Copper Deficiency in Prairie Feeds", Dr. Christensen said
that the low to marginal copper content of many Prairie feeds showed up in feed sample
surveys, and that the problem may be further compounded by drinking water that contains
1200 to 2400 ppm of sulphate. This is because sulphate interferes with an animal's ability
to make use of the copper that is in the feed.

Dr. Christensen also reported that studies carried out at the University of Sask-
atchewan have shown that some growing cattle in that province exhibit a low to marginal
copper status (the same situation can be expected to exist in parts of Alberta). However,
when supplemental copper, sulphate or both were added to a standard ration in a feedlot
trial, the copper did not improve gains. The sulphate actually reduced gains in both Hereford
and Holstein steers after the animals had been on trial for 56 days. And while the added
sulphate reduced the feed efficiency of the Hereford steers, copper fed in combination with
sulphate restored it to the same level as that of a standard ration.
"Preserving High Moisture Alfalfa and Brome Grass Hay with Anhydrous Ammonia"

In his paper on preserving high moisture alfalfa and brome grass hay with anhy-
drous ammonia. Dr. J. A. Robertson of Agriculture Canada's research station in Melfort, Sas-

- (cont'd) -

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Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

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4

Research Highlightr. For Cattlemen (cont'd)

katch.„an^ said tUsr a^mon.at.on at the 2 per cen, level prevented hearing and the devel
opn^en, of mold .n both alfalfa and brome grass hay that had been baled with a n^oisture
content of less than 35 per oent. Untreated bales that had been baled at the same moisture
level exceeded an internal heat of 30° C for two to three weeks after baNng, and they devel-

oped an extensive amiount of mold.

Dr. Robertson also said that the crude protem content of the treated hay
increased by 7 to 9 per cent, and that treatment increased the digestibility of the organic
matter, protein, energy and fibre.

Sheep apparently ate more of the ammonia-treated hay than they ate of either
high moisture or dry baled hay that had not been treated.
"Pasture Improvement in Aspen Parkland"

!n his paper on pasture improvement in aspen parkland, Duane McCartney, also
of the Melfort research .station, reported that a long-term pasture rejuvenation study showed
that rough pasture land that was rebroken seeded and fertilized m alternative years with 80
pounds of nitrogen and 40 pounds of phosphorus produced 2,320 pounds of dry matter in
the year in which it was fertilized, while similar pastures in the area that had not been fertil-
ized produced only 1,033 pounds of dry matter. He also said that there was a carryover
effect in the years when the pasture received no fertilizer, which produced 23 per cent more
dry matter compared with yields from unfertilized pastures. This increase ,n production
from the use of a fertilizer resulted m a longer grazing season, lower winter feed costs, an
increase in calf gains per acre and a significant reduction in the number of acres required per
cow. In 1982 a cow-calf unit grazing on pasture that had been rebroken, seeded and fertil-
ized required only 3.2 acres compared with 3.7 acres for pasture that had been only fertilized
and 5.4 acres for pasture that had been left in its natural state.

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5

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Research Highlights For Cattlemen (cont'd)

According to Dr. Robertson, untreated pastures in the area where the study was
conducted have produced 52 pounds of calf gain per acre since 1978, while pastures that
were fertilized produced 77 pounds of calf gain per acre and pastures that were rebroken,
seeded and fertilized produced 80 pounds of calf gain per acre. The pastures that were fertil-
ized every other year produced about 25 more pounds of calf gain per year for an average
cost of 40 pounds of nitrogen and 20 pounds phosphorus per year.
"Heat Damage in Large Round Bales"

In his paper on heat damage in large round bales. Dr. J. A. Shelford of the Univers-
ity of British Columbia said that a study conducted by the University of British Columbia
and the B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Food showed that large round bales that had been
baled with a moisture content of from 30 to 35 per cent generated internal temperatures of
72 ° to 75 °C. Those that were baled with a moisture content of 20 to 21 per cent, generated
internal temperatures that ranged from 58 ° to 78 ° C, while bales that were baled with a
moisture content of 13 per cent generated internal temperatures of 45° to 46 °C.

Dr. Shelford said a more important finding was the fact that heating reduced the
dry matter digestibility of the hay from 57 per cent to 44 per cent in the better quality hay
and from 53 to 50 per cent in the poor quality hay. And most important of all, the heating
caused a major decrease in the amount of protein that could be digested. Only 9.2 to 1 1.5
per cent of the protein in hay that had been baled when dry was indigestible, while from 30
to 37 per cent of the protein had been damaged by heat to the point where it was indigestible
in those bales that had been baled with a moisture content of from 30 to 35 per cent.

More detailed information on any of the above papers can be obtained by writing
to the authors. However, copies of the original abstracts that were published for the Canad-
ian Society of Animal Science meeting can be obtained from Ross Gould, Beef Cattle and
Sheep Branch, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6 (Telephone: 427-5335).

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6

August 29, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SCLEROTINIASTEM ROT IN CANOLA CROPS

Sclerotinia stem rot, which occurs in all the canola growing areas of Alberta, has
been most severe in recent years in the north-central region and particularly in the western
part of this region.

Dr. Ron Howard, plant pathologist at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center
in Brooks, reports that yield losses of from 15 to 40 per cent can occur in a severely infected
crop, and that higher losses than these have been recorded. Heavy and lodged crops appar-
ently suffer the highest yield losses.

Wet weather and warm temperatures during the flowering period favor the devel-
opment of sclerotinia, the main symptom of which is the development of pale grey stem
lesions at or above ground level or on the upper branches and pods. "These symptoms
usually occur," says Dr. Howard, ' after flowering commences and are more common follow-
ing a period of wet weather,"

He points out that canola plants with stem lesions ripen prematurely and that
they usually stand out among the other green, healthy plants. The stems of diseased plants
appear to have been bleached and will tend to shred. They and the branches and pods
contain hard, black sclerotia or sclerotes.

The sclerotia overwinter in the soil, and, under damp, moist conditions, they may
produce small, golf-tee shaped reproductive structures called apothecia from late June on-
wards. The apothecia, in turn, produce ascospores that can be dispersed for several kilo-
metres by the wind.

The sclerotia can also produce a white cottony mold that may infect plants near
or at ground level. New sclerotia may develop in the infected plant stems and branches and
occasionally in the pods. When the crop is harvested some will contaminate the seed, while
others will fall to the ground and infest the soil.

- (cont'd) -

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7

-2-

Sclerotinia Stem Rot In Canoia Crops (cont'd)

According to Dr. Howard, sclerotinia is a very difficult disease to control because
it can infect more than 360 plant species including many crops and broadleaved weed
species. And it can persist in the soil for many years without host plants. Dr. Howard
recommends allowing at least four years between growing sclerotinia-susceptible crops like
canoia, field peas, beans, lentils and clovers on the same land. He also says that it is very
important to control the growth of volunteer canoia and broadleaved weeds between the
rotations. Since cereal crops and grasses are immune to sclerotinia, they can be used in the
rotation. Dr. Howard stresses that a canoia crop should never be grown in a field that is
adjacent to one that had a badly infected crop the previous year. And sclerotia-contaminated
seed should never be planted. According to Dr. Howard, only a spiral cleaner will remove the
sclerotia from canoia seed.

He also says that significant yield increases have been obtained from sclerotinia-
infected Argentine-type canoia that was sprayed with the systemic fungicide Benlate when
the crop was in the 20 to 30 per cent bloom stage.

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8

August 29, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

IS STRAW A GOOD HEATING FUEL?

by Edwin Thornton
Energy Systems Engineer
Alberta Agriculture

Now that harvest time is upon us, some farmers are wondering whether to bale
some of their straw for use as a heating fuel. Anyone who thinks straw will provide free fuel
may indeed be clutching at straws!

Straw has a similar heating value to that of other cellulosic materials like wood
and peat from — 5-7000 BTU/lb. However, this value varies with the type of straw and its
moisture content. At a moisture content of 50 per cent, all the heat from the straw would be
used up drying itself out so that it could burn. A moisture content of above 50 per cent would
require three boy scouts per ton of straw to get it lit and to keep it burning!

Contrary to popular opinion, straw is not free. It costs money (40 C /bale) to
bale and haul it in from the field, and that does not include the cost of the baler. The type of
bale — small rectangular or large round — will determine the handling requirements and the
type of furnace needed.

Any solid fuel furnace will burn straw. The problem is that straw is very bulky
and a lot of straw is needed to produce a lot of heat. This means that somebody must stand
by the furnace and feed in the straw or it means trying to buy a furnace that has been designed
for burning straw (i.e. it has an automatic stoking system).

Furnaces that have been specifically designed for burning straw are mostly
European and cost $5,000 and upwards. This high cost makes the use of a straw-burning
furnace questionable, especially if natural gas is available.

Home-made straw-burning furnaces could be the answer to a shop-heating
problem. However, it is almost certain that insurance premiums would go up with the use of
any type of straw-burning furnace.

Abexio

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9

Is Straw A Good Heating Fuel? (cont'd) o
2 page 2

And one of the main disadvantages of using straw as a fuel may be the depletion
of the organic matter in the soil. Farmers who have a trash oroblem may not see it this way,
but most soils can benefit from the incorporation of straw.

In summary then, anyone who decides to use straw as a fuel, and who buys a
straw-burning furnace, can expect to spend a long time bringing in the straw and fueling up
the furnace. He can also expect his maintenance costs and fire insurance premium to go up.

And If barley straw is used, the cost of the heat energy will be the same as that for natural gas
($4/MBTU). Because wheat straw has a higher heat value, it would probably cost about
$3/MBTU.

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10

August 29, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THE ECONOMICS OF OVERWINTERING VERSUS PACKAGE BEE OPERATIONS

There is a definite monetary advantage in favor of overwintering bee operations
compared with package bee operations, according to a study carried ou'. by Alberta
Agriculture in 1982.

Based on a consensus of cost and return data provided by apiarists who were
familiar with both types of operation, and on the assumption that the amount of honey
produced was the same in both cases, the study showed a positive return on investment of
$3.01 per hive for the overwintering group. This situation was in sharp contrast to the package
bee group which showed a negative return on investment of $6.79 per hive. Total [)roduction
costs for the overwintering group were $131.66 per hive compared with $140.41 for the
package bee group. Expressed on a per pound of honey sold basis, the cost for the overwinter-
ing group was 82C compared with 88 C for the package bee group.

The difference in costs between the two groups was mainly due to the price of the
package bees, as opposed to overwintering costs; the amount of sugar used; and the cost of
labor.

In the 1982 study an average honey yield of 160 pounds per hive and an average
wax yield of 1 .6 pounds per hive, for a total value of $1 02.80, were assumed for both types of
operation. However, in actual fact, overwintered hives have shown a significant yield
advantage in some years over package bee operations. For example, a 1980 study based on
actual production, showed a difference of more than 57 pounds per hive in favor of the
overwintered hives.

The 1982 study also contains a breakdown of costs for the two types of
operation. It shows the cost of queens for the overwintering group averaged $1 .08 per hive or
1.5 per cent of their cash costs, while the cost of bees at $25.83 per hive for the package bee
operations represented 29.9 per cent of this group's cash costs.

- (cont'd) - jll

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Phone: (403) 427-21 21 Print Media Branch

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-2-

The Economics of Overwintering Verus Package Bee Operations (cont'd)

Feed, labor and depreciation costs were all higher for the overwintering opera-
tions compared with the package bee operations. The difference between the two were $10.20
per hive for feed, $2.50 per hive for labor and $3.33 per hive for depreciation. However,
the interest on operating capital was $7.13 per hive for the package bee group compared with
only $6.04 per hive for the overwintering group due to the higher cash costs of the former.

The above information comes from a publication entitled "An Economic Com-
parison of Wintering and Package Bees in the Peace River Region" (Agdex 821-14). It can be
obtained from district agriculturists or by writing to the Publications Office, Alberta
Agriculture, 7000 - 1 13 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6.

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12

August 29, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

POWDERY MILDEW ON STRAWBERRIES

"Why are the leaves on iny strawberry plants curling up and dying?" is a question
that the staff at the Alberta Horticultural Research Center in Brooks has been frequently
asked in recent weeks.

"The chances are", says the center's plant pathologist, Dr. Ron Howard, "the
plants are suffering from an infectious fungal disease called powdery mildew". He explains
that the fungus that causes this disease overwinters in infected plant debris, and that it pro-
duces spores which are spread by air currents and splashing water.

The symptoms of powdery mildew first appear shortly before the plants bear
fruit. The infected leaves begin to turn purple and curl upwards, and their undersides may be
coated with a dusty, greyish-white fungal growth. These symptoms will be accentuated
during warm, dry weather, and a serious infection can reduce both the yield and the quality
of the fruit.

Dr. Howard recommends the following measures for controlling powdery mildew
on strawberries.

• Collect and destroy all debris from diseased plants.

• Spray the plants in the spring when their new leaves are fully developed
with a protective fungicide such as Benlate, Benlate + Captan or a wettable
sulphur product, and repeat this treatment at 10 to 14-day intervals if
necessary. The wait period before harvesting the strawberries is one day for
Benlate and sulphur and seven days for Benlate + Captan. Lime Sulphur can
also be used to control strawberry mildew but it should only be applied
three weeks after the berries have been harvested and again in the spring
when growth starts.

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Print Med 1^

14

August 29, 1983

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

THE ECONOMICS OF HOME FOOD PRESERVATION

Home food preservation has been with us for centuries, but it seems that it is
becoming more and more difficult to justify this practice from an economic point of view.

Reasons for preserving foods at home include a better flavored product, conven-
ience, year-round variety, personal satisfaction and economics. However, according to Alberta
Agriculture's food and nutrition specialist at Airdrie, Suzanne Tenold, it is very doubtful
whether economics should be included in the reasons for preserving foods.

She says the home preservation of food products is a very commendable practice,
and that it certainly has an important place in our traditions, heritage and personal satisfac-
tion. However, she points out that it is becoming increasingly difficult to show a "profit"
from such a pursuit. She also points out that the home preservation of food can be very satis-
fying and enjoyable, but that the subjective values we assign to our efforts can cover up the
harsh economic fact that it does not usually pay.

She recommends that anybody who is planning to do home preserving for the

economic advantages ask herself the following questions.

. Do I compare the cost with the same commercial products?

. Do I take into account the time I spend?

. Do I calculate my time on an hourly wage basis?

. Do I consider the transportation, gardening, and material costs
that are necessary for my efforts?

. Do I put a dollar value on the products I make?

. Do I consider the money lost in products that must be discarded
because of spoilage?

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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

NEW 4-H WARDROBE

Fashion Facets — Fall '83 features a collection of fall fashions which
the Simplicity/Style Pattern Company of Toronto has made available to Alberta's
4-H clothing clubs.

The wardrobe consists of 20 fall and winter fashions
in the latest fabrics and colors with complimentary jewelery for
each outfit. The wardrobe is intended to supplement the 4-H
clothing project series.

The clothes may be modelled by clothing club
members in local fashion shows or they may be used as a refer-
ence for fabrics and construction techniques mentioned in the An example of

fall '83''s fashion

project manuals. collection.

"Being in 4-H is fun," says Alberta Agriculture's 4-H home economics
specialist, Sandy Wallick, as clothing members will see when they present their own
exciting fashion shows this fall.

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August 29, 1983

16

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

REGI0NAL4-H SPECIALIST APPOINTED
FOR NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA

The head of Alberta Agriculture's 4-H branch, Ted Youck, has an-
nounced that Rod MacMillan is the new regional 4-H specialist for the north-
western region of the province.

Mr. MacMillan was born in Vermilion and grew up on the family farm
in the Clandonald district. He attended school ,n both Clandonald and Vermilion
and was a member of the Clandonald 4-H beef club from 1968 to 1976.

Upon graduation from high school, he attended the University of
Alberta and graduated in 1980 with a B.Sc. (agriculture). While at university, he
played an active role in running the family farm.

During the past few years Mr. MacMillan has worked as a surface land
agent and as a loans officer as well as spending time travelling abroad.

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