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58.3(729.9) :
a r ~ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ‘THE BERMUDA BIOLOGICAL STATION
aot FOR RESEARCH.
Y pm
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.*
a a . ee Se Nes
No. 69. a
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. a
By Frank S. Couiiins anp Atpueus B. HERVEY.
Wirn Srx Puates. -
m THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES,
Vou. LIII, No. 1.
;
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-—s CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S. A.
eA Aveust, 1917.
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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE BERMUDA BIOLOGICAL STATION .
ae FOR RESEARCH. | Ae
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No. 69,
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA.
=- . i ,
r ge
By Frank S. Cortrys AND AnpHeus B. Hervey. : : en. :
z. oi 2s" ee : 2
Wirth Six Puates.
From ran Procerpines or tur American AcADEMY oF ARTS AND ScrEnces,
. © Fad OA
Kemp; Harrington Sound, March, Hervey.
Var. filicina var. nov. Frondis circumscriptione late vel anguste
lanceolata; axi primario non diviso; axibus secundariis approximatis,
aequidistantibus, saepe oppositis, a basi ramulis tenuissimis aequilongis
dense obsitis.
Outline of frond broadly to narrowly lanceolate; main axis not
divided; secondary axes closely and uniformly set, often opposite,
densely beset from the base with very fine ramuli of equal length.
Near Flatts bridge, Feb., Hervey. Type in Collins herb.
The habit of this variety is strikingly different from that of typical
B. Duchassaingii, and the very regular pinnate branching makes it a
beautiful object; but in a genus where there is so much variation
within each species, it is hardly safe to consider this a distinct species.
3. B. pPENNATA Lamouroux, 1809, p. 133; 1809b, p. 134, Pl. III,
fig. 1; .Collins, 1909, p. 405; P. B.-A., No. 1871. Rein, as B. plumosa;
Kemp, as B. plumosa, in part, B. hypnoides, in part. In Collins, 1909,
B. pennata, B. Leprieurit and B. Harveyana were kept distinct, chiefly
on the judgment of Miss Vickers, who was familiar with them at
Barbados. Since then we have examined some 200 specimens of
Bryopsis of Miss Vickers’ collecting, and some hundreds of specimens
from Bermuda, and we have come to the conclusion that while typical
examples of these three are quite distinct, intermediate forms are more
common, and specific distinction is impracticable. So far we agree
with Bérgesen, 1911, p. 145, and 1913, p. 117, but we cannot agree
with him in placing them all under B. plumosa (Huds.) Ag. The
normal form of B. pennata seems to be a long, simple rachis, with
short, distichous ramuli of uniform length, giving a linear outline to
the frond. In B. plumosa the rachis bears lateral branches, increasing
in length from the apex to the base, so as to give a triangular outline,
usually broadly triangular, to the frond. Each of the branches has a
similar triangular outline. There is much variation in luxuriance of
branching, but in examining a considerable series of B. plumosa from
northern Europe and America, to the Mediterranean on one side, to
North Carolina on the other, we have seen nothing like the linear form.
Among the abundant material from Barbados and Bermuda we have
found no plants with repeated triangular outline of the frond and its
divisions. We recognize the same varieties as Bérgesen, but place
them under B. pennata, the oldest name for the distinctly linear forms.
The species and its varieties are to be found almost everywhere in the
islands, but one must expect more intermediate than typical forms;
moreover old plants become denuded, and present many puzzles.
62 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
Var. secunda (Harv.) comb. nov.; B. plumosa var. secunda Harvey,
1858, p. 31, Pl. XLV. A, figs. 1-3; B. Harveyana Collins, 1909, p. 405.
This variety shows a certain dorsiventral arrangement, the ramuli
on both edges of the rachis curving towards each other on one side.
Var. Leprieurii (Kiitz.) comb. nov.; B. Leprieurii Kiitzing, 1849,
p. 490; 1856, p. 27, Pl. LXXV, fig. 2; Collins, 1909, p. 404. In this
variety the ramuli are in short secund series, separated by short vacant
spaces.
Famiry DERBESIACEAE.
DERBESIA Solier.
1. Filaments 100-600 u diam. 3. D. Lamourouxii.
1. Filaments less than 100 u diam. 2.
Filaments 40-504 diam., dichotomously branched.
1. D. vaucheriaeformis.
2. Filaments 50-70. diam., simple or with short lateral branches.
2. D. marina.
1. D. vaucHERIAEFoRMIS (Harv.) J. G. Agardh, 1886, p. 34;
Collins, 1909, p. 406; D. tenuissima Farlow, 1881, p. 60, Pl. IV, fig. 4;
Chlorodesmis vaucheriaeformis Harvey, 1858, p. 30, Pl. XL. D. On
Dictyopteris Justii, Gravelly Bay, Aug., Collins. With sporangia.
2. D. martina (Lyng.) Kjellman, 1883, p. 16; Collins, 1909, p. 407;
Vaucheria marina Lyngbye, 1819, p. 79, Pl. XXII. On Acantho-
phora spicifera, Hungry Bay, May, Collins. With sporangia.
3. D. Lamovrovuxm (J. Ag.) Solier, 1847, p. 162, Pl. IX, figs. 18-
30; Collins, 1909, p. 407; P. B.-A., No. 2168; Bryopsis Balbisiana var.
Lamourouxii J. G. Agardh, 1842, p. 18. Castle Harbor, near landing
at Tucker’s Town, March, Hervey. The fronds are much stouter than
in the two other species of the genus, sometimes simple, sometimes
with a few irregular tufts of ramuli. Old and denuded plants of
Bryopsis have some resemblance to it, but always show the scars of
fallen ramuli.
bo
Famity CAULERPACEAE.
CAULERPA Lamouroux.
1. Stolon and fronds filiform, without distinct ramuli. 1. C. fastigiata.
1. Stolon and fronds different in character. 2.
2. Fronds very slender, ramuli whorled, near the summit. 3.
2. Fronds stouter, ramuli not in distinct whorls. 4.
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. 63
3. Fronds not over 1 cm. high, stolon and base of frond hairy. 2. C. pusilla.
3. Fronds to 5 em. high, hairs wanting or few. 3. C. verticillata.
4. Fronds flat or with ramuli in one plane. 5.
4. Ramuli not in one plane. 8.
5. Frond flat, entire or with proliferations. 4. C. prolifera.
5. Frond pinnate. 6.
6. Pinnules flat. 5. C. crassifolia.
6. Pinnules cylindrical or compressed. iP
7. Pinnules narrowed at base and tapering to tip. 6. C. taxifolia.
7. Pinnules at base somewhat larger than at the curved and mucronate
tip. 7. C. sertularioides.
8. Ramuli peltate. 8. C. peltata.
8. Ramuli not peltate. : 9.
9. Ramuli varying from long-clavate to spherical-pedicellate.
9. C. racemosa.
9. Ramuli short, of various form, the lowest always rostriform.
10. CC. cupressoides.
1. C. FastretaTa Montagne, 1838, p. 19, Pl. I, fig. 3; Collins,
1909, p. 411. Dingle Bay, March, Hervey; Hungry Bay, April,
Collins. Fine, Vaucheria-like tufts or mats on mangroves and other
objects near low water mark. The Hungry Bay material seems to be
the floating form known as var. confervoides Crouan.
2. C. pusmiya (Kiitz.) J. G. Agardh, 1872, p. 6; Weber, 1898,
p. 266, Pl. XX, fig. 6; Vickers, 1908, p. 25, Pl. XX XVIII; Collins,
1909, p. 412; P. B.-A., No. 2019. Stephanocoelium pusillum Wiitzing,
1847, p. 54. Tide pool, Harris Bay, Oct., Nov., Hervey. The
branching stolon creeps over the loose sand ete., on the bottom of the
pool, forming with other small algae a thin but firm turf, which has to
be forcibly torn apart to show the character of the plant. The ramuli
are in two or three whorls; in the Bermuda plants these whorls are
more closely set than in the forms figured by Mme. Weber and Miss
Vickers, and can often be distinguished only by dissection.
3. C. VERTICILLATA J. G. Agardh, 1848, p. 6; Weber, 1898, p. 267,
Pl. XX, figs. 7-10; Collins, 1909, p. 412; Bérgesen, 1907, p. 355, figs.
1-3; 1913, p. 121, figs. 95,96. St. George’s, April, Hervey.
4. C. PROLIFERA (Forsk.) Lamouroux, 1809, p. 332; Weber, 1898,
p. 278, Pl. XXII, fig. 1; Collins, 1909, p. 418; P. B.-A., No. 1872;
Fucus proliferus Forskal, 1775, p. 163. Rein; Kemp; Walsingham,
Farlow; Walsingham, April, Hervey; Pool by Moore’s calabash
tree, April, Somerset Bridge, July, Ely’s reef, July, Collins. Typical
form, passing into
Forma oBovata J. G. Agardh, 1872, p. 11; Bérgesen, 1907, p. 359,
64 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
fig. 4; 1913, p. 127, fig. 100; Collins, 1909, p. 413; with broad, little
proliferous fronds.
Forma ZOSTERIFOLIA Boérgesen, 1907, p. 359, fig. 6; 1913, p. 127,
fig. 101; Collins, 1909, p. 413; with narrow, proliferous fronds;
Fairyland, Dec., Collins. ,
5. C. crasstFoLia (Ag.) J. G. Agardh, 1872, p. 13. Typical C.
crassifolia has not been found here; forma laxior is common, and is
apparently a well marked endemic form, not having been reported
elsewhere; forma mexicana is the common form of Florida and the
West Indies, and though not rare in Bermuda is less common than
forma laxior.
Forma LAxIor (Weber) Collins, 1909, p. 413; P. B.-A., No. 1919;
C. pinnata forma laxior Weber, 1898, p. 291; C. crassifolia var. mexi-
cana Alg. Am. Bor. Exsice., No. 170. Walsingham, April, Hervey;
Hungry Bay, Tuckertown, Gravelly Bay, Pool by Moore’s calabash
tree, Cliff pool, April, Harrington Sound, May, Collins.
Forma MEXICANA (Sond.) J. G. Agardh, 1872, p. 13; Collins, 1909,
p. 413; C. mexicana Sonder in Kiitzing, 1849, p. 496; Harvey, 1858,
p. 16, Pl. XXXVII. A; Gibbet Island, Bailey’s Bay, Jan., Hervey.
The form from Cliff Pool deserves special notice; Cliff Pool is a
name we have used for a small but deep pool, near the SW. corner of
Harrington Sound, between Tucker’s Bay and Green Bay. It has a
steep cliff on the side towards the sea; on the other side it is near the
Sound, but separated from it by land considerably above its level.
It evidently has underground connection with the Sound, the water
rising and falling somewhat with the tide. On the surface of this
pool, in April and May, 1912, was a floating mass of algae, chiefly
C. crassifolia, C. racemosa and C. sertularioides. The stolons floated
on the surface, the fronds extending beside them, the tapering rhi-
zoids hanging straight down, sometimes reaching a length of 2 dm.,
reminding one of the roots of a Lemna or Spirodela, on a larger scale.
Borgesen, 1907, p. 344, classifies the Caulerpas under three types.
(1) The epiphytic or mud-collecting Cauperpas. (2) The sand and
mud Caulerpas. (3) Rock and coral-reef Caulerpas. These three
types are represented in Bermuda, and we can now add a fourth, the
floating Caulerpas. Evidently this form can occur only at a station
with considerable depth of water, not reached by surf, sheltered from
winds, and with no current. Specimens collected here in May
have been distributed as P. B.-A., Nos. 1873 and 2021. The station
was revisited in August, 1913, but only a few bleached individuals were
found; apparently the plants could not endure the intense heat of the
midsummer sun.
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. 65
6. C. TaxiFoLra (Vahl) Agardh, 1822, p. 435; Weber, 1898, p. 292;
Borgesen, 1907, p. 363, figs. 9-10; 1913, p. 131, figs. 104-105; Collins,
1909, p. 414; Fucus taxifolius Vahl, 1802, p. 36. Farlow; Walsing-
ham, a single plant, Hervey. Apparently rare, but may have been
mistaken for the commoner C. crassifolia or C. sertularioides, from
both of which it can be distinguished by the opposite, sickle-shaped,
narrow pinnules, with contracted base.
7. C. SERTULARIOIDES (Gmel.) Howe, 1905a, p. 576; Collins,
1909, p. 414; Fucus sertulariocdes Gmelin, 1768, p. 151, Pl. XV, fig. 4.
Forma LONGISETA (J. Ag.) Svedelius, 1906, p. 114, fig. 10; Collins,
1909, p. 415; P. B.-A., No. 1878; C. plumaris forma longiseta Weber,
1898, p. 295. Harrington Sound, Oct., Hervey; Cliff Pool, April,
Collins.
Forma BREVIPES (J. Ag.) Svedelius, 1906, p. 114, fig. 7; Collins,
1909, p. 415; C. plumaris forma brevipes Weber, 1898, p. 294. Wal-
singham, March, Hervey; Ely’s Harbor, July, Collins.
8. C. pettaTta (Turn.) Lamouroux, 1809, p. 332; 1809c, p. 145, PI.
III, fig. 2; Weber, 1898, p. 373, Pl. XX XI, figs. 9-11; Collins, 1909, p.
421; Fucus chemnitzia var. peltatus Turner, 1819, p.8, Pl. CC. Faxon,
a single quite typical specimen; Bethel’s Island, Dec., Collins.
9. C. racemosa (Forsk.) J. G. Agardh, 1872, p. 35; Weber, 1898,
p.' 357, Pl. XXXI, figs. 5-8; XXXII, figs. 1-7; Collins, 1909, p. 419;
Fucus racemosus Forskal, 1775, p. 191. A very variable species,
with no acknowledged typical form, apart from the many forms and
varieties into which it has been divided. It is uncertain to which of
these should be referred the C. clavifera of Rein and Moseley.
Var. CLAVIFERA (Turn.) Weber, 1898, p. 361:' Vickers, 1908, p. 28,
Pl. XLV; Collins, 1909, p. 420; Fucus clavifer Turner, 1808, PI.
LXXVII. Harrington Sound, March, Wadsworth, No. 71; Hamil-
ton, Farlow; these are the only records of the typical form of this
variety, but forms between this and vars. wwifera and laetevirens are
not uncommon.
Var. UvIFERA (Turn.) J. G. Agardh, 1872, p. 35; Weber, 1898, p.
363, Pl. XX XIII, figs. 6-7; Collins, 1909, p. 420; P. B.-A., No. 2022.
Fucus uvifer Turner, 1819, Pl CCXXX; Gravelly Bay, Feb., Hervey.
Var. OCCIDENTALIS (J. Ag.) Borgesen, 1907, p. 379, figs. 28-29;
19138, p. 152, fig. 124; Collins, 1909, p. 420; P. B.-A., No. 2021. C.
chemnitzia var. occidentalis J. G. Agardh, 1872, p. 37; Walsingham,
Jan., March, Tucker’s Town, Feb., Dec., Hervey; Cliff Pool, Hungry
Bay, April, Hamilton Harbor, dredged down to 18 meters, Dec.,
Collins. Agrees well with Bérgesen’s description and figures, and with
66 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
the plant distributed as W. N. & L., No. 1586. The Cliff Pool plants
have mostly more distant ramuli, but some individuals are quite
typical. At Hungry Bay a form was found in which the ramuli were
produced on one side of the frond only; not secund in the usual sense,
as they were not in a single series, but were placed, apparently irregu-
larly, on one semi-cylinder of the axis, the other being naked.
Var. LAETEVIRENS (Mont.) Weber, 1898, p. 366, Pl. XX XIII, figs.
8, 16-22; Bérgesen, 1907, p. 386, fig. 30; 1913, p. 154, fig. 125; Col-
lins, 1909, p. 420; P. B.-A., No. 2020. C. laetevirens Montagne, 1842,
p. 16. Kemp, in herb.; Wadsworth, No. 70; Walsingham, March,
Hervey; Tucker’s Town, April, Cooper’s Island, Aug., Collins.
10. C. cupressorpEs (Vahl) Agardh, 1822, p. 441; Weber, 1898,
p. 323; Collins, 1909, p. 416; Fucus cupressoides Vahl, 1802, p. 29.
A species containing many forms, all intergrading, once held to be
distinct species.
Var. Typica Weber, 1898, p. 326; Boérgesen, 1907, p. 368, figs. 14-16;
1913, p. 137, figs. 109-111. South Beach, Paget, Farlow.
Var. MAMILLOSA (Mont.) Weber, 1898, p. 332, Pl. XX XVIII, figs.
2-7; Collins, 1909, p. 417; Alg. Am.-Bor. Exsicc., No. 96; P. B.-A.,
No. 1920; Caulerpa mamillosa Montagne, 1842, p. 13. Outer reef,
Ely’s Harbor, July, Somerset Bridge, July, Gravelly Bay, Aug., Collins.
At Gravelly Bay it grew exposed to the waves, the stolon adhering
firmly to the rock and covered with sand, so that only the short fronds
were visible, often only the tips.
Var. ERICIFOLIA (Turn.) Weber, 1898, p. 335; Collins, 1909, p. 417;
Fucus ericifolius Turner, 1808, p. 124, Pl. LVI, “‘found at Bermuda
Islands, Herb. Banks.”’ Kemp, in herb. as C. ericifolia; Gravelly
Bay, Aug., Collins. A few plants at Gravelly Bay, among var.
mamillosa, distinguished by the cylindrical ramuli.
C. Ashmeadii Harvey, is recorded in Collins, 1909, p. 414, as occur-
ring at Bermuda. We have not been able to confirm this record,
and as we have not ourselves found this species, we do not include
it in the present work.
Famity VAUCHERIACEAE.
VAUCHERIA DC.
*V. sPHAEROSPORA Nordstedt, 1878, p. 177, Pl. Il, figs. 7-8;
Collins, 1909, p. 429. In “Millbrook” Dec., Collins, with oogonia
and antheridia. This species has been found in Greenland, Denmark,
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. 67
Sweden and Great Britain, and also in Uruguay. The Bermuda
plant is dioecious, agreeing in that respect with the South American
form; in Europe the species is monoecious. Another Vaucheria was
found at Hungry Bay, Collins, but being sterile could not be specifi-
cally determined.
DICHOTOMOSIPHON Ernst.
D. pustLtLus Collins, 1909, p. 431; P. B.-A., No. 2023. Bailey’s
Bay, Jan., Harrington Sound, March, Inlet, March, Hervey; Shelly
Bay, Hungry Bay, April, Collins. Apparently common, forming
_ dark green or almost black mats on rocks, Udotea etc., or loose floating
felts. At Bailey’s Bay it was found with filaments 50 u diam.; the
normal diam. does not exceed 30 u. In the material from Harrington
Sound, the contents of the filaments is often divided into sections,
approximately as long as their diameter, separated by a narrow trans-
parent space in a plane at right angles with the axis of the filament.
This may be preliminary to the formation of spores of some sort, but
no more advanced stage was seen.
Famity CHARACEAE.
Cuara Agardh.
*C. GyMNopPus var. Berteror A. Braun, 1882, p. 195. Pembroke
Marshes, Jan., Farlow. The specimen in the Farlow herbarium was
characterized by Nordstedt, in litt., as “forma tenuior” which we
understand to be merely descriptive, not a name.
OS COLLINS AND HERVEY.
CLass PHAEOPHYCEAE.
Famity ECTOCARPACEAE.
PyLaIeELia Bory.
P. FULVESCENS (Schousboe) Bornet, 1889, p. 5, Pl. I; P. B.-A., No.
2076; Conferva fulvescens Schousboe ms ex Bornet. On sand-covered
rocks by lighthouse, St. David’s Island, May, 1913, Hervey. The
plant agrees fully with Bornet’s figure as to form and dimension of
horizontal filaments and sporangia; the erect filaments are in part
simple, as figured by Bornet, in part like those figured by Sauvageau,
1896a, fig. 1, being recurved near the tips, and bearing numerous
longer or shorter branches, mostly on the outer side of the curve. The
unilocular sporangia are rare, but well developed. P. Hooperi,
Barbados, Miss Vickers, seems hardly distinct. In comparing the
description of P. fulvescens by Bornet with that of Pylaiella sp.
(Ectocarpus Hooperi Crouan) on the following page, the chief dis-
tinctive character of the latter would seem to be the Rhizoclonium-
like ramuli near the base; such ramuli were occasionally seen in the
Bermuda plant, but were not at all abundant.
Ecrocarrus Lyngbye.
1. Lower part of frond endophytic. 2.
1. Not endophytic. 3.
2. Only slightly endophytic, in Dictyopteris Justii; largely free; pluri-
locular sporangia cylindrical. 8. E. luteolus.
2. Mostly endophytic, in Halymenia; plurilocular sporangia ovoid.
9. E. parasiticus.
3. Erect filaments arising from prostrate, branching filaments. 4.
3. No distinct prostrate filaments. 5.
4. Erect filaments with plurildcular sporangia near base, no other branch-
ing. 7. LE. elachistaeformis.
4. Erect filaments freely branched, bearing sporangia throughout. 9.
5. Plurilocular sporangia seriate on upper side of branches, near base. 6.
5. Plurilocular sporangia variously placed, not seriate. 8.
6. Plurilocular sporangia eylindrical. 3. E. Mitchellae.
6. Plurilocular sporangia ovoid to conical. ve
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. 69
7. Branching irregular, branches patent. 4. E. coniferus.
7. Branches subsecund, ramuli long, pectinate. 5. E. Sandrianus.
8. Plurilocular sporangia fusiform, unilocular unknown.
1. E. confervoides.
8. Plurilocular sporangia short-conical, unilocular ovoid or subspherical.
2. E. siliculosus forma arctus.
9. Plurilocular sporangia variable, always blunt or truncate.
6. E. Duchassaingianus.
9. Plurilocular sporangia acute. 10. E. Rallsiae.
_ 1. E. conrervorwes (Roth) Le Jolis, 1863, p. 75; Kuckuck, 1891,
p. 19, fig. 3; Ceramium confervoides Roth, 1797, p. 151. Floating,
Gibbet Island, March, Hervey. Somewhat variable, but mostly
of the typical form.
2. E. stzicuxosus (Dillw.) Lyng. forma arctus (Kiitz.) Kuckuck,
1891, p. 18; P. B.-A., No. 1922; Ectocarpus arctus Kiitzing, 1843,
p. 289; Corticularia arcta Kiitzing, 1855, p. 23, Pl. LX XX, fig. II.
On sand covered rocks, below low water mark, Gibbet Island, March,
Harris Bay, April, Hervey; floating, Tucker’s Town, April, Harring-
ton Sound, May, Collins. EE. acanthoides Vickers, Barbados, No. 95,
seems to be the same plant. We have not found in Bermuda the
typical form of E. siliculosus, which is common on both sides of the
North Atlantic.
3. E. MircHeLuare Harvey, 1852, p. 142, Pl. XII. G; P. B.-A.,
No. 1921; E. wrescens Thuret in Sauvageau, 1896, p. 18 of reprint.
Harris Bay, Heron Bay, Jan., St. David’s Island, Feb., Harrington
Sound, Shelly Bay, March, Hervey; Shelly Bay, Harrington Sound,
Cooper’s Island, April, Collins. A common species, growing on corals,
larger algae, aquatic phanerogams, and on submerged twigs of live
Tamarisk. Plurilocular fruit apparently always abundant, mega-
sporangia and melosporangia in about equal numbers. The former
have not been recorded for the Atlantic coast of North America,
where the species is common, but were found in California, and dis-
tributed as P. B.-A., No. 671. When growing on any hard substance,
rhizoidal growth is usually insignificant; on Castagnea, Helmintho-
cladia ete., the rhizoids are strongly developed, penetrating well into
the tissue of the host.
4. E. contrerus Borgesen, 1914, p. 164, figs. 131-132. Shelly
Bay, April. Hervey, among FE. Mitchellae. This species was quite
recently described from the Danish West Indies, and its occurrence
at Bermuda is of interest, indicating that it may be found at other
stations in the Atlantic.
70 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
5. E.Sanprianus Zanardini, 1843, p. 41; 1865, p. 143, Pl. LXXTYV.
B; E. elegans Thuret in Le Jolis, 1863, p. 77, Pl. II, fig. 1-2; not
of Menegh. Shelly Bay, Jan., St. David’s Island, Feb., Hervey; with
plurilocular sporangia. In both cases mixed with other species
of Ectocarpus; this mixture of species of Ectocarpus is quite com-
mon and sometimes perplexing. It is the rule rather than the excep-
tion.
6. E. Ducnassarncianus Grunow, 1867, p. 45, Pl. IV, fig. 1;
Vickers, 1905, p. 59; 1908, Pl. XX VII; Bérgesen, 1914, p. 159, figs.
127-128; P. B.-A., No. 2077. Major’s Bay, March, Hervey. On
sticks and twigs, outlet of aquarium, Agar’s Island, Aug., Collins.
The Major’s Bay plant agrees with Bérgesen’s description and figures,
and with a specimen of Miss Vickers, Barbados, No. 89. The plant
from the aquarium outlet differs in the absence of hairs, and in the
greater variability of form of the plurilocular sporangia. These are
often exactly like Bérgesen’s figures, but in other instances the cylindri-
cal or clavate body of the sporangium has a shortly acuminate or
subulate apex; the same occurs in Miss Vickers specimen. Unilocu-
Jar sporangia were not seen. The cells were all very densely packed,
and it was only in the youngest that the irregularly rounded disks of
the chromatophores could be seen. Though there were no hairs, the
branches often ended in a long simple filament, 10-14 » diam., with
longer cells than in the rest of the plant, but all were well supplied
with chromatophores. The sporangia were sometimes sessile, oftener
on a short pedicel, occasionally terminating a branch, as shown in
Boérgesen’s fig. 128e. The cell bearing a sporangium was usually
distinctly shorter than the adjacent cells, as in FE. indicus Sonder, as
noted by Mme. Weber, 1913, p. 129, fig. 34. We are inclined to agree
with Boérgesen that EF. Duchassiangus may be merely a form of E.
indicus, but for the present it seems better to retain the former name.
The station where this plant occurred is a peculiar one; the salt water
outlet of the aquarium is well up in the rock at the shore of the island;
the water runs down into the sea, stalks of grass and other objects
reached by it being covered by a dense coating of various kinds of
algae, Enteromorpha predominating, but also other Chlorophyceae
and several Myxophyceae; the variations of this material from the
type may be due in some way to the exceptional conditions.
7. E. ELACHISTAEFORMIS Heydrich, 1892, p. 470, Pl. XXV, fig. 14;
Boérgesen, 1914, p. 174, fig. 137. On Codium decorticatum, Cooper’s
Island, Aug., on Galaxaura squalida & Helminthodadia Calvadosii,
St. David’s Island, April, Collins. The form reported by Bérgesen
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. ra
differs somewhat from the typical, but not enough to raise any ques-
tion as to identity. Our form comes nearer to the type from New
Guinea. The only marked difference is in the basal portion of the
plant growing on Codium. When growing on Sargassum it formed a
more or less definite basal layer, from which short rhizoids issued,
entering the host. On the Codiwm there is no definite basal layer,
but a compact bundle of irregular rhizoidal filaments, narrower than
the assimilating filaments, with few chromatophores, and cells up
to 10 diam. long. The lower ends of these rhizoids separate more or
less, and spread among the utricles of the host. This difference is
explainable by the difference in structure of the hosts. On the Gala-
xaura the rhizoids are less conspicuous. Plurilocular sporangia, simi-
lar to those figured by Heydrich, were abundant.
8. E. LUTEOLUS Sauvageau, 1892, p. 25, Pl. II, figs. 14-19. On
Dictyopteris Justii, South Shore, Aug., Collins. The lower part of the
frond inhabits the tissue of the host; the upper part forms a fine down
on the surface.
9. E. parasiticus Sauvageau, 1892, p. 28, Pl. III, figs. 20-23;
Streblonema parasiticum (Sauv.) De Toni, 1895, p. 575. In Haly-
menia pseudofloresia, Jan., Hervey. Mostly endophytic; the plants
from Maine, distributed as P. B.-A., No. 1337, were chiefly external,
the difference being probably due to the firmer tissue of the host
in the latter case, Cystoclonium purpurascens.
10. E. RawustaE Vickers, 1905, p. 59; 1908, Pl. XXXII; Borge-
sen, 1914, p. 169, fig. 133; P. B.-A., No. 2172. On Helminthocladia
calvadosii, Old Ferry, April, Hervey. The main filaments are occa-
sionally stouter than in the Barbados and St. Thomas material, up to
40 w diam., but usually not over 30 yu, in lesser divisions down to 20 yu,
in hairs to 10 yu. There is a system of descending filaments, irregular
and twisted, but otherwise like the erect filaments, extending for quite
a distance in the tissues of the host; plurilocular sporangia agree in
form, dimensions and position with Bérgesen’s figure.
STREBLONEMA Derbés & Solier.
5. SPHAERICUM Derbés & Solier in Castagne, 1851, p. 100; Sauva-
geau, 1897, p. 18, figs. 2-3 (of reprint); Kuckuck, 1899, p. 28, figs.
6-7. In Castagnea Zosterae, Cooper’s Island, April, Collins. With
uni- and plurilocular sporangia; generally in company with Myrio-
trichia, which it much resembles.
~J
to
COLLINS AND HERVEY.
AscocycLus Magnus.
,
A. ORBICULARIS (J. Ag.) Magnus, 1874, p. 73; P. B.-A., No. 1878;
Myrionema orbiculare J. G. Agardh, 1848, p. 48. On marine phanero-
gams in shallow water, Cooper’s Island, April, Collins. Probably
elsewhere, but easily overlooked.
Famity SPHACELARIACEAE.
SPHACELARIA Lyngbye.
1. Propagula with broad body. 2.
1. Propagula slender, branching. 3.
Filaments mostly 30-40 » diam.; lateral cell of propagulum not divided.
3. 8. tribuloides.
Filaments mostly 55-75 » diam.; lateral cell of propagulum divided into
bo
bo
two. 4. S. novae-hollandiae.
3. Propagulum with three rays from summit of pedicel. 2. §S. fusea.
3. Propagulum with two rays from summit of pedicel. 1. S. furcigera.
1. S. FuRcIGERA Kiitzing, 1855, p. 27, Pl. CX; Sauvageau, 1901,°
p. 145, fig. 35. On small spider crab, Hungry Bay, July, on floating
Turbinaria, Dece., Collins; with propagula.
2. S. Fusca (Huds.) Agardh, 1828, p. 28; Sauvageau, 1902, p. 206,
fig. 43; Conferva fusca Hudson, 1798, p. 602. Spanish Rock, April,
Hervey, with propagula.
3. S. TRIBULOIDES Meneghini, 1840, p. 2; Sauvageau, 1901, p. 123,
figs. 28-29; P. B.-A., No. 1923. Not uncommon in shallow rock pools
and on various submerged substances. In pools, South Shore, Far-
low; Harris Bay, Feb., March, Dec., Gravelly Bay, Jan., Hervey;
on Galaxaura, St. David’s, April, Collins. Found once on twigs of
Tamarisk that drooped into the water of Harrington Sound. Propa-
gula common; no sporangia seen.
4. S. NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE Sonder, 1845, p. 50; Sauvageau, 1901,
p. 137, fig. 33. In small quantity, among S. tribuloides, Spanish Rock,
9 In references to this work, the page given is that of the completed and
separate issue; the date, however, is that of the original publication in the
Journal de Botanique.
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. 73
Harris Bay, March, Hervey. The species is a native of Australia,
but has been found at Martinique and at Barbados; in both these
places it was in company with S. ftribuloides, as at Bermuda. It is
a stouter plant than the latter, and the technical difference, though
not striking, seems to be constant.
Famity ENCOELIACEAE.
CoLPOMENIA Derbés & Solier.
C. stnuosa (Roth) Derbés & Solier, 1856, p. 11, Pl. XXII, figs. 18—
20; Borgesen, 1914, p. 176, fig. 188; P. B.-A., No. 2024; Ulva sinuosa
Roth, 1806, p. 327, Pl. XII, fig. 2. Rein; Moseley; Kemp, as Aspero-
coccus sinuosus; Gibbet Island, Tucker’s Town, Gravelly Bay, Har-
rington Sound, Feb., Hungry Bay, April, Hervey. Very common
from Feb. to April, disappearing entirely in July and August, and at
least the first part of September. On exposed shores it forms a nearly
continuous coating, firmly adherent to the rock; in quiet water,
such as the tidal stream at Hungry Bay, it takes the form of sub-
spherical vesicles, up to 20 em. diam.
Hyprocuaturvs Bory.
H. canceLuatus Bory, 1825, p. 419; Vickers, 1908, Pl. XXIII;
Borgesen, 1914, p. 177, fig. 139; P. B.-A., No. 2078. Spanish Rock,
March, April, Hervey. Apparently not common.
ScyTosipHon Agardh.
S. Lomentaria (Lyng.) J. G. Agardh, 1848, p. 126; P. B.-A., No.
2079; Chorda Lomentaria Lyngbye, 1819, p. 74, Pl. XVIII. E. Inlet,
Feb., Dec., Bailey’s Bay, Jan., Mangrove Bay, Feb., Hervey. Ap-
pears to be a plant of winter and early spring, varying in different
years as to date of appearance, in some years not appearing at all ata
station where it was plenty the year before. It is a rapid grower,
and disappears soon after maturity.
74 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
RosENVINGIA Borgesen.
R. rnrricata (J. Ag.) Bérgesen, 1914, p. 182; P. B.-A., No. 2173;
Asperococcus intricatus J. G. Agardh, 1847, p. 7; Striaria intricata
Vickers, 1905, p. 59; 1908, p. 41, Pl. XXIV. Harris Bay, Feb.,
Hervey, with plurilocular sporangia.
Famity MYRIOTRICHIACEAE.
Myrtiorricuta Harvey.
M. rEPENS Hauck, 1879, p. 22; Kuckuck, 1899, p. 21, Pl. III (of
reprint); P. B.-A., No. 2025; Dichosporangium repens Hauck, 1885,
p. 339, fig. 141. In fronds of Castagnea Zosterae, Cooper’s Island,
April, Collins. The creeping filaments bear abundant unilocular
sporangia; the erect filaments bear each a terminal cluster of pluri-
locular sporangia; no unilocular sporangia were seen on the erect
filaments. Streblonema sphaericum, with both kinds of sporangia,
accompanies the Myriotrichia. As pointed out by Kuckuck, it is
practically impossible to distinguish the two species when both bear
only unilocular sporangia, as is often the case; the presence of erect
filaments in Myriotrichia and their absence in Streblonema is the only
. distinguishing character.
Famity MESOGLOIACEAE.
CASTAGNEA Derbés & Solier.
C. ZostTERAE (Mohr) Thuret, fide Boérgesen, 1914, p. 184, figs.
144-145; Castagnea mediterranea P. B.-A., No. 1879. Kemp, as
Mesogloia vermicularis, M. Griffithsiana and M. Chordariae; Castle
Harbor, Bailey’s Bay, March, Wadsworth; Shelly Bay, Jan., Castle
Harbor, Feb., Hervey; Cooper’s Island, April, Collins. As this
plant seems to be the same as that from the Danish West Indies, we
provisionally give the same name used by Boérgesen. It was distrib-
uted by us as C. mediterranea (Kiitz.) Bornet, but is not Cladosiphon
mediterraneus Kiitzing, as shown by comparison with an authentic
specimen of the latter, for which we are indebted to the kindness of
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. iD
Dr. M. A. Howe. It is certainly not C. Zosterae Farlow, 1881, p. 86,
Alg. Am.-Bor. Exsice., No. 162, but resembles C. virescens Farlow,
1881, p. 85, Eudesme virescens P. B.-A., No. 33, which is the same as
Mesogloia virescens Carmichael in Wyatt, Alg. Danm., No. 49.
Though some writers speak of C. virescens as having a solid axis, C.
Zosterae as hollow, for instance Bornet, 1892, p. 236, the statement is
true of the former only in the earlier stages. “A section of the frond
of a well-developed C. virescens shows a circle of roundish cells around
a central cavity”; Farlow, |. c. The description and figure of C.
Zosterae Borgesen, agree with the Bermuda plant.
In New England and northern Europe there are two species of
Castagnea, which are well distinguished by Farlow as C. virescens and
C. Zosterae; the former resembles the Bermuda plant; the latter,
quite distinct, is the Myriocladia Zosterae Crouan, Alg. Mar. Finistére,
No. 49, and the Castagnea Zosterae of Le Jolis, 1863, p. 85, fide spec.
authent.; but it may be open to question whether it is the Mesogloia
virescens var. zostericola Harvey, 1846-1851, Pl. LX XXII, of which
Harvey says “only differs in being of smaller size, with less compound
ramification; there is no microscopic character to distinguish it.”
And in the Nereis Bor.-Am., part 1, 1852, p. 127, where he recognizes
two species as distinct, he questions the identity of his Mesogloia
Zosterae with the species of Lyngbye and Areschoug. His plate X. B,
M. virescens, is drawn from a specimen from Sand Key, Florida, to
which we will refer later; we do not think it is the VW. virescens of
New England and northern Europe. Plate X. A, M. Zosterae, is
incorrect and misleading, as pointed out by Farlow. If it should
prove that Rivularia Zosterae Mohr, 1810, p. 367, was identical with
Mesogloia virescens Carmichael, Castagnea Zosterae would be the proper
name for the spring plant of, New England and northern Europe, and
a new name would be needed for the smaller summer plant now known
by that name. As to the identity of C. virescens of New England and
northern Europe with the Bermuda plant, we are not now prepared to
point out distinctive characters. But the southern plant is usually
stouter, less branched, and with a firmer gelatine. For the purpose
of comparison we have examined a large number of specimens of
Castagnea (or Mesogloia) virescens of northern Europe and New Eng-
land, including specimens from Mrs. Griffiths, Mrs. Wyatt, Greville,
Harvey, Le Jolis ete.; with very few exceptions they bore unilocular
sporangia; none had plurilocular. Of Castagnea (or Myriocladia)
Zosterae we have examined a considerable number, including speci-
mens from Le Jolis and Crouan, and the No. 162 of Farlow, Anderson
76 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
& Eaton; with one exception, sterile, all had plurilocular sporangia,
none unilocular. Of the Bermuda plant we have examined many
specimens of different ages and from different stations; with the
exception of a very few, very young or very old individuals, sterile,
all bear both uni- and plurilocular sporangia on the same individual.
To add to the confusion, the plant from Florida, distributed as C.
mediterranea, P. B.-A., No. 481, when compared with the Bermuda
plant now seems to be distinct both from that and from Cladosiphon
mediterraneus Ixiitz. The peripheral filaments seem to be not so
much laterally attached to the external longitudinal filaments as
continuations of them or their branches; the basal cell, up to 254
diam., followed by several similar colorless cells rapidly diminishing
to about 12 uw diam.; above this begins the peripheral filament proper,
with colored cells about 7-9 diam.; this is several times dicho-
tomous, the cells, except the few lower ones, spherical, increasing in
size up to 15 yu, sometimes to 20 u diam., the filaments strongly in-
curved; unilocular sporangia, 70-80 & 55-60 uw in the lower forkings.
The frond does not exceed 10 em. in height, and has few branches.
Harvey’s figure of Mesogloia virescens, 1852, Pl. X. B, was drawn
from a plant from Sand Key, Florida, and we have examined two
specimens collected by Harvey at that place at that time; they agree
with P. B.-A., No. 481, except that they have no fruit. In Harvey’s
plate fig. 4 represents quite well the upper part of a peripheral filament
of this plant, but is quite different from a filament of C. virescens.
We have found only one European specimen agreeing with P. B.-A.,
No. 481; this is “No. 572, Société dauphinoise, 1882, Cladosiphon
mediterraneus Kiitz. (Vidit Bornet, 1882) Portofino (Ligurie orientale)
sur les feuilles de Posidonia Caulini. Dr. A. Piccone, Mai, 1876.”
This specimen was received by one of us from Dr. Piccone. Sauva-
geau, 1897, p. 46, discusses Castagnea, assuming correctly enough that
if Castagnea is maintained, Cladosiphon Kiitzing should be divided
between Castagnea, Nemacystus etc. But the name Cladosiphon
clearly antedates Castagnea, and under the international rules should
be retained for C. mediterraneus and its congeners. Eudesme J. G.
Agardh seems to have no claim to distinctness from Cladosiphon.
We refrain from making any new combinations, in the hope that
Kuckuck’s work on the Phaeophyceae may soon appear, and bring
order out of the present chaos.
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. ‘i
Famity STILOPHORACEAE.
StrtopHora J. G. Agardh.
S. ruizopEs (Ehrh.) J. G. Agardh, var. aprratica (Ag.) J. G.
Agardh, 1848, p. 85; Sporochnus adriaticus Agardh, 1827, p. 646;
1828-35, Pl. XXX. Harrington Sound, April, Hervey, with pluri-
locular sporangia. More slender and delicate than the typical S.
rhizodes, which is of a more northern range.
Famity SPOROCHNACEAE.
SporocHNnus Agardh.
S. BotteEaNus Montagne in Kiitzing, 1859, p. 33, Pl. LXXXI,
fig. II; P. B.-A., No. 2174. Dredged in 22 meters on coral rocks
in June, Kemp, as S. pedunculatus; handsome plants with assimila-
tive filaments well developed, Castle Island, Miss Wilkinson; a simi-
lar plant, Miss Peniston, no data; Gravelly Bay, old plants with
mature fruit, washed ashore, Aug., Collins; dredged near Challenger
Reef, in 60 meters, Aug., 1903, Bermuda Biological Station.
Famity TILOPTERIDACEAE.
HeETEROSPORA Kuckuck.
H. Vipovicuatr (Meneg.) Kuckuck, 1895, p. 318, Pl. IV, figs.
1-20; Haplospora Vidovichit Bornet, 1891, p. 363, Pl. VIII, figs.
1-5; P. B.-A., No. 2026; Ectocarpus Vidovichit Meneghini in
Kiitzing, 1845, p. 233; LE. crinitus Hauck, 1885, p. 330, not of
Carmichael. Forming rather dense tufts, up to 4 dm. long, on wall
of inlet by the Frascati Hotel, March, Hervey, with monosporangia.
The occurrence here of a representative of the family Tilopteridaceae
is of much interest; barely half a dozen species are known, and all
but this one inhabit the colder waters of the Atlantic. H. Vidovichii
inhabits the Mediterranean, and this is its first recorded occurrence
elsewhere.
CO
COLLINS AND HERVEY.
Famiry FUCACEAE.
ASCOPHYLLUM Stackhouse.
A. noposum (L.) Le Jolis, 1863, p. 96; Fueus nodosus Linnaeus,
1763, p. 1628; Harvey, 1846-51, Pl. CLVIII. Wadsworth, in Farlow
herb.; Inlet, Jan., May, Gravelly Bay, Feb., Shelly Bay, March,
Hervey; Gravelly Bay, April, Shelly Bay, Bethel’s Island, Dec.,
Collins. This species is not uncommonly found among the floating
algae left by the tide but it has never been found attached, and as it
is a conspicuous plant, it is not likely that it has been overlooked. It
is common on the American coast from New Jersey to the arctic
regions, but rarely reaches to low water mark, and does not grow in
places exposed to the full force of the waves. There is no reason to
suppose that it grows here in deep water, or on the outer reefs awash
with the waves, the only class of localities not well explored. Prof.
Sauvageau, to whom we are much indebted for information as to its
habits in Europe, writes us “Jamais je n’ai vu |l’Ascophyllum dans
les stations franchement exposées au choc des vagues, mais toujours
dans les stations plus ou moins abritées, par exemple dans les anses
rocheuses, dans les petits ports, sur les rochers qui émergent parmi
la vase. C’est une plante de mi-marée.” As regards the general
question of brown algae washed ashore in places on the Bay of Biscay,
where they do not grow, he says, “En résumé, |’ Ascophyllum, rejeté,
arrive en trés bon état, fructifié ou non, selon la saison, mais on ne
peut dire s’il a flotté trés longtemps, puisqu’il vit sur les rochers & une
trentaine de kilometres de 1a. L’ Himanthalia est dans le méme cas.
Mais le Cystoseira concatenata et le Sargassum vulgare viennent sure-
ment de trés loin, et cependant leurs organes reproducteurs sont aptes
ilafecondation. Les algues brunes, normalment fixées, se conservent
trés bien a l’état flottant, beaucoup mieux qu’on le croit generalment.
Done, & mon avis, il n’est nullement nécessaire que |’ Ascophyllum
croisse aux Bermudes pour que vous l’y trouvez rejeté; il peut y
arriver en trés bon état, et méme capable de produire des fécondations
et des germinations, bien qu’il provienne d’un pays lointain et qu’il
ait flotté longtemps.’ It seems to us quite unlikely that the plants
found at Bermuda could have come from the American coast across
the Gulf Stream. The chances are certainly greater for its European
origin, and there is good reason to suppose that it forms a portion,
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. 79
a relatively small portion, to be sure, of the living and floating brown
algae of the North Atlantic, which have given a certain district of it
the name of the “Sargasso Sea.”” Bouvier, 1907, p. 35, says “Ca et la,
parmi les Sargasses, on rencontre quelques fragments de Fucus nodo-
sus, arrachées certainement aux rivages des Canaries, de Madeére ou
des Acores.” To be sure, Sauvageau, 1907, p. 1084, points out that
the Fucus (Ascophyllum) has never been reported growing at the
Canaries, Madeira or the Azores; but Bouvier’s erroneous assumption
does not invalidate his record of the occurrence of the plant as
described. Bérgesen, 1914a, p. 14, note, says “Professor Gran has
most kindly communicated me that Ascophyllum was found in the
northern part of the Sargasso Sea, and rather abundant.” We think
it may be concluded that Ascophyllum, the original derivation
unknown, continues to live in a floating state among the Sargassum of
the North Atlantic in active vegetation, and at least occasionally
fruiting.
Fucus Linnaeus.
F. vestcuLosus Linnaeus, 1763, p. 1636.
a A YY Ree =
OOS XS =
SQ QE»
Puate IV.
FIGURE 29.
FIGureE 30.
FIGURE 31.
FIGURE 32.
FIGURE 33.
FIGURE 34.
FIGURE 35.
COLLINS AND HERVEY.
PLATE V.
Ceramium transversale Collins & Hervey.
Prostrate filament with erect filament and rhizoids.
Erect filament with branch. 255 X 1.
Branch with tetraspores. 160 X 1.
Nitophyllum Wilkinsoniae Collins & Hervey.
Section of frond through a sorus. 160 ak I
Superficial view of a sorus. 160 X 1.
Halymenia bermudensis Collins & Howe.
Cross section. 255 X 1.
Halymenia pseudofloresia Collins & Howe.
Cross section. 130 X 1.
120 X 1.
a Se LL eee
DLE %
tas
i vou Cae
6 \
yr Xk
Vales
ASX
QD
Ne NES
PY, =
pope
Be
o> So
Smo
©:
hen)
Puate V.
182 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
PLATE VI.
Halymenia pseudofloresia Collins & Howe.
Ficure 36. Whole frond, ? nat. size.
Halymenia bermudensis Collins & Howe.
FicureE 37. Whole frond. 1% X 1.
Griffithsia tenuis Agardh.
Fiaure 38. Tip of tetrasporic branch. 160 X 1.
Fiaure 39. Node with antheridia. 300 X 1.
Habit figures were drawn from herbarium specimens, all others by camera
lucida. Figures 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 138, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, and 23 are by F. D.
Lambert; the others by A. C. Walton.
PuatTs VI.
*
“ Ver
eS.
INDEX.
Synonyms are printed in italics, also names of species, etc., not found in
Bermuda, but which are incidentally mentioned. Full-face type indicates
the principal reference for a species.
Acanthophora, 122.
spicifera, 62, 122.
Thierti, 122.
Acetabularia, 53.
crenulata, 9, 53.
Schenckti, 53.
Achnanthes bijuga, 31.
Acicularia, 53.
Schenckii, 12, 53.
Acrochaetium, 96.
barbadense, 97.
corymbiferum, 97, 150.
crassipes, 96, 98.
Dufourii, 96.
Hypneae, 98.
leptonema, 97.
Nemalionis, 98.
Sagraenaum, 97.
Thuretii, 98.
Acrocarpus spathulatus, 104.
Aegagropila repens, 48.
Alsidium Blodgettii, 125.
Anacystis marginata, 16.
Anabaena, 24.
flos-aquae, 24.
torulosa, 24.
variabilis, 24.
Anadyomene, 50.
flabellata, 50.
stellata, 50.
Antithamnion, 141.
cruciatum, 11, 141.
var. radicans, 9, 141.
pteroton, 140.
Aphanothece microscopica, 16.
Apjohnia tropica, 52.
Ascocyclus, 72.
orbicularis, 72.
Ascophyllum, 78.
nodosum, 78.
Asparagopsis, 117.
Delilei, 117.
taxiformis, 117.
Asperococcus intricatus, 74.
sinuosus, 73.
Avrainvillea, 57.
longicaulis, 57.
Mazei, 57.
nigricans, 57.
var. fulva, 57.
sordida, 57.
Bangia, 94.
elegans, 95.
fuscopurpurea, 94.
Bangiaceae, 94.
Bangiopsis subsimplex, 95.
Batophora, 54.
Oerstedi, 54.
var. occidentalis, 54.
Batrachospermum attenuatum, 142.
Blastophysa, 38.
rhizopus, 38.
Blodgettia Borneti, 48.
confervoides, 48.
Bonnemaisoniaceae, 117.
Bostrychia, 128.
calamistrata, 129.
Montagnei, 128, 129.
rivularis, 128. ;
scorpioides, 129.
sertularia, 129.
tenella, 129.
forma densa, 129.
forma tenuior, 129.
Tuomeyi, 125.
Botryoglossum platycarpum, 149.
Brachycladia marginata, 102.
Brachytrichia, 28.
maculans, 28.
Bryopsidaceae, 60.
Bryopsis, 60.
Balbisiana var. Lamourouxii, 62.
Duchassaingii, 60.
forma filicina, 61.
Harveyana, 61, 62.
hypnoides, 60.
forma prolongata, 60.
Leprieurii, 61, 62.
pachynema, 51.
pennata, 61, 95.
var. Leprieurii, 62.
1S6 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
var. secunda, 62. var. mamillosa, 66.
plumosa, 61. ericifolia, 66.
var. secunda, 62. fastigiata, 63.
Byssus aureus, 41. var. confervoides, 63.
laetevirens, 66.
Callithamnion, 136. mamillosa, 66.
byssoideum, 137. mexicana, 64.
var. jamaicense, 136. peltata, 65.
cordatum, 137. pinnata forma laxior, 65.
corymbosum, 136. plumaris forma longiseta, 65.
cruciatum, 141. prolifera, 63.
var. radicans, 141. forma obovata, 63.
elegans, 138, 140. forma zosterifolia, 64.
gorgoneum, 132. pusilla, 63.
Halliae, 9, 10, 136. racemosa, 64, 65.
Hookeri, 95, 136. var. clavifera, 65.
investiens, 132. var. laetevirens, 66.
membranaceum, 148. var. occidentalis, 65.
Nemalionis, 98. var. uvifera, 65.
pluma, 140. sertularioides, 11, 64, 65.
roseum, 136. forma brevipes, 65.
spongiosum, 136. forma longiseta, 65.
tenue, 135. taxifolia, 65.
thyrsigerum, 135. verticillata, 11, 63.
Caloglossa, 116. Caulerpaceae, 62.
Leprieurii, 11, 106, 116. Centroceras clavulatum, 147.
mnioides, 116. Ceramiaceae, 32.
Calosiphonia, 151. Ceramium, 143.
caribaea, 151. aculeatum, 143.
verticillifera, 12, 151. arachnoideum, 144.
Calothrix, 27. var. patentissimum, 144.
aeruginea, 27. clavulatum, 96, 98, 147.
confervicola, 27. confervoides, 69.
crustacea, 27. cruciatum, 144.
fusco-violacea, 27, 95. cryptacanthum, 147.
parasitica, 27. diaphanum var. arachnoideum, 144.
pilosa, 27. var. tenuissimum, 143.
scopulorum, 27. fastigiatum, 147.
Castagnea, 74. miniatum, 146.
mediterranea, 74, 75, 76. nitens, 9, 147.
virescens, 75, 76. nodosum, 143.
Zosterae, 71, 74, 75. ocellatum, 130.
Catagnymene pelagica, 20. roseum, 136.
Catenella, 105. . rubrum, 147.
Opuntia, 106. var. nitens, 147.
var. pinnata, 11, 18, 105. tenuissimum, 143.
pinnata, 105. var. arachnoideum, 144.
Caulerpa, 62. var. patentissimum, 144.
Ashmeadii, 66. var. pygmaeum, 144.
chemnitzia var. occidentalis, 65. transversale, 145.
clavifera, 65. Ceramothamnion, 134.
crassifolia, 64, 65, 95. Codi, 18, 134.
forma laxior, 64. Chaetomorpha, 41.
forma mexicana, 64. aerea forma Linum, 42.
cupressoides, 66. F brachygona, 42.
var. ericifolia, 66. californica, 41.
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. 187
crassa, 42.
geniculata, 42.
gracilis, 42.
Linum, 42.
minima, 41.
Chaetophoraceae, 38.
Champia, 115.
parvula, 9, 115.
Chantransia barbadensis, 97.
collopoda, 37, 96.
corymbifera, 97.
crassipes, 96.
Dufourii, 96.
efllorescens forma Thuretii, 98.
Hypneae, 98.
leptonema, 97.
Nemalionis, 98.
Thuretit, 98.
Chara, 67.
gymnopus var. Berteroi, 67.
Characeae, 67.
Chlamydomonas, 30.
Chlorochytrium Cohnii, 31.
Chlorocystis, 31.
Cohnu, 31.
Chlorodesmis vaucheriaeformis, 62.
Chlorogloea, 17.
tuberculosa, 17.
Chlorophyceae, 29.
Chondria, 120.
atropurpurea, 121.
curvilineata, 8, 13, 120.
dasyphylla, 121.
obtusa var. paniculata, 120.
parvula, 115.
polyrhiza, 10, 113, 121.
succulenta, 121.
Chorda Lomentaria, 73.
Chroococeaceae, 14.
Chroococcus, 14.
membraninus, 14.
turgidus, 14.
Chroothece, 14.
cryptarum, 15.
Richteriana forma marina, 14.
Chrysymenia, 113.
Agardhii, 113.
dichotomo-flabellata, 110.
Enteromorpha, 114.
halymenioides, 110, 114.
Lomentaria, 114.
pyriformis, 114.
uvaria, 11, 114.
Chylocladia Albertisii, 114.
Baileyana var. filiformis, 115.
parvula, 115.
rigens, 113.
rosea, 113.
Cladophora, 43.
brachyclona, 46.
catenifera, 48, 95.
constricta, 44.
corallicola, 465.
crispula, 44.
ervstallina, 27, 46.
delicatula, 44.
expansa, 28, 46.
fascicularis, 46.
flavescens, 45.
flexuosa, 45.
fracta, 49.
var. marina, 45.
frascatil, 49.
fuliginosa, 48.
glaucescens, 46.
heteronema, 45.
Howei, 48.
luteola, 44.
Macallana, 46.
patens, 46.
piscinae, 46, 47.
repens, 48
rigidula, 47.
Sagraeana, 97.
trichotoma, 48.
utriculosa, 47, 48.
Cladophoraceae, 41.
Cladophoropsis, 49.
membranacea, 49, 106.
Cladosiphon mediterraneus, 74, 76.
Cladostephus dubius, 101.
Closterium, 29.
Leibleinu, 29.
moniliferum, 29.
Codiaceae, 54.
Codiolum polyrhizum, 50.
Codium, 54.
adhaerens, 55.
decorticatum, 11, 18, 55, 70, 98,
144.
var. clavatum, 56.
elongatum, 55.
difforme, 55.
isthmocladum, 57.
intertextum, 54.
repens, 55.
tomentosum, 20, 24, 41, 55, 134.
Coelarthrum, 114.
Albertisii, 9, 114.
Coelochondria, 121.
Colpomenia, 73.
sinuosa, 12, 73.
188
Compsopogon subsimplez, 95.
Conferva arbuscula, 131.
carnea, 94.
clavaeformis, 53.
corymbosa, 136.
crassa, 42.
crystallina, 46.
expansa, 45.
fascicularis, 46.
flexuosa, 33, 45.
fracta, 49.
fulvescens, 68.
Susca, 72.
fuscopurpurea, 94.
hieroglyphica, 43.
Hookeri, 136.
Linum, 42.
membranacea, 49.
mirabilis, 25.
repens, 48.
riparia, 43.
simplex, 124.
tomentosa, 55.
utricularis, 51.
Wittrockii, 32.
Corallina conglutinata, 58.
cylindrica, 132.
flabellum, 58.
marginata, 102.
monilis, 59.
obtusata, 102.
tridens, 59.
Tuna, 59.
Cordylecladia, 113.
irregularis, 113.
rigens, 113.
Corticularia arcta, 69.
Cosmarium, 29.
botrytis, 30.
Cucumis, 29.
granatum, 29.
pseudonitidulum, 29.
subcucumis, 29.
Crouania, 142. -
attenuata, 11, 142.
Cryptoglaena, 28.
americana, 28.
Cryptoglenacese, 28.
Cryptonemia, 149.
crenulata, 149.
luxurians, 149.
Cylindrocapsa, 35.
geminella, 35.
var. minor, 35.
involuta, 365.
Cylindrocapsaceae, 35.
COLLINS AND HERVEY.
Cystoclonium purpurascens, 71.
Cystoseira concatenata, 78.
Dasya, 130.
arbuscula, 131.
forma subarticulata, 131.
corymbifera, 131.
Delilei, 117.
elegans, 130.
mucronata, 125.
ocellata, 130.
pedicellata, 11, 180, 131.
punicea, 131.
ramosissima, 131.
spinuligera, 9, 130.
Tumanowiczi, 125.
venusta, 131.
Wurdemanni, 131.
Dasycladaceae, 53.
Dasycladus, 53.
clavaeformis, 53.
occidentalis, 54.
Delesseria Hypoglossum, 116.
Leprieurti, 116.
Delesseriaceae, 115.
Derbesia, 62.
Lamourouxil, 62.
marina, 62.
tenuissima, 62.
vaucheriaeformis, 62.
Derbesiaceae, 62.
Dermocarpa, 17.
Farlowii, 18.
Leibleinii var. pelagica, 20.
prasina, 18.
solitaria, 17.
Desmidiaceae, 29.
Dichosporangium repens, 74.
Dichothrix, 28.
Baueriana, 28.
fucicola, 28.
Dichotomosiphon, 67.
pusillus, 67, 123.
Dictyopteris, 88.
delicatula, 88.
Justii, 12, 16, 62, 71, 88, 97.
plagiogramma, 88.
Dictyosphaeria, 50.
favulosa, 50.
Dictyota, 88.
acutiloba, 91.
Bartayresii, 90.
Bartayresiana, 90.
Brongniartii, 92.
cervicornis, 90.
ciliata, 91, 93, 96.
i ORE: ae
.
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA.
crenulata, 91, 92.
dentata, 91, 92, 93.
dichotoma, 89, 92.
divaricata, 90, 91.
fasciola, 89, 90.
indica, 89.
linearis, 89, 91.
Mertensii, 92.
subdentata, 92.
variegata, 85, 87.
volubilis, 90.
Dictyotaceae, 84.
Digenea, 124.
simplex, 12, 124.
Dilophus, 93.
guineensis, 12, 93.
Diplochaete, 38.
solitaria, 38.
Dudresnaya, 150.
bermudensis, 12, 150, 151.
caribaea, 12, 150, 161.
crassa, 9, 11, 97, 150, 151.
Dumontia calvadosii, 98.
Dumontiaceae, 150.
Ectocarpaceae, 68.
Ectocarpus, 68.
acanthoides, 69.
arctus, 69.
confervoides, 69.
coniferus, 69.
crinitus, 77.
Duchassaingianus, 70.
elachistaeformis, 70.
elegans, 70.
Hoopert, 68.
indicus, 70.
luteolus, 71.
Mitchellae, 69, 95.
parasiticus, 71.
Rallsiae, 71.
Sandrianus, 70.
stliculosus, 69.
forma arctus, 69.
Vidovichii, 77.
virescens, 69.
Encoeliaceae, 73.
Endoderma, 39.
filiforme, 39.
viride, 39.
Enteromorpha, 32.
compressa, 33.
flexuosa, 33.
forma submarina, 34.
Hopkirkii, 33.
intestinalis, 34.
var. tenuis, 34.
marginata, 33.
minima, 33.
percursa, 33.
plumosa, 33.
prolifera, 33.
Entocladia viridis, 39.
Entophysalis, 16.
granulosa, 16.
Ernodesmis, 52.
verticillata, 12, 52.
Erythrocladia, 95.
subintegra, 95.
Erythrotrichia, 94.
carnea, 94.
ceramicola, 94.
Eucheuma, 106.
denticulatum, 10, 11, 106.
Gelidium, 11, 106.
isiforme, 106.
spinosum, 106.
Euchondria, 122.
Eudesme virescens, 75.
Euhymenia luxurians, 149.
Euliagora, 99.
Euptilota, 138.
Falkenbergia, 122.
Hillebrandi, 122.
Fischerella, 26.
ambigua, 26.
Fucaceae, 78.
Fucus, 79.
acicularis, 105.
bacciferus, 81.
ceranotdes, 88.
chemnitzia var. peltatus, 65.
clavifer, 65.
confervoides, 109.
corneus, 103.
crinalis, 104.
cupressoides, 66.
dasyphyllus, 121.
denticulatus, 106.
ericifolius, 66.
filamentosus, 142.
foliosissimus, 83.
gelatinosus, 119.
hypoglossoides, 116.
lendigerus, 82.
linifolius, 81.
multipartitus, 110.
musciformis, 112.
natans, 81.
nodosus, 78.
obtusus, 119.
189
190 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
papillosus, 118.
pavonius, 86.
plumosus, 137, 138.
Poitei, 110, 118.
proliferus, 63.
pseudociliatus, 91.
pusillus, 104.
racemosus, 65.
rigidus, 108.
sericeus, 138.
sertularioides, 65.
spiciferus, 122.
spinosus, 116.
taxifolius, 65.
taxiformis, 117.
tenellus, 129.
uvarius, 113.
uvifer, 65.
fusco-lutea, 15.
montana, 16.
Gloeothece, 15.
confluens, 15.
membranacea, 15.
rupestris, 15.
Globulina atrata, 15.
Gloiococcus, 40.
mucosus, 40.
Gomontia, 50.
polyrhiza, 50.
Gomontiaceae, 50.
Goniotrichum, 95.
elegans, 95.
Humphreyi, 95.
Gonium glaucum, 16.
Goralia, 99.
Gracilaria, 108.
vesiculosus, 79.
Wrightii, 109.
Galaxaura, 101.
cylindrica, 102.
fasciculata, 102.
fastigiata, 102.
flagelliformis, 102.
fruticulosa, 102.
lapidescens, 102.
marginata, 102.
obtusata, 11, 102.
ramulosa, 102.
squalida, 70, 102, 132.
rugosa, 102.
Gelidiaceae, 103.
Gelidiopsis, 108.
gracilis, 105.
rigida, 108.
Gelidium, 103.
corneum, 103.
crinale, 103.
var. spathulatum, 104.
pulvinatum, 104. ©
pusillum, 11, 17, 104.
var. conchicola, 104.
repens, 104.
rigidum var. radicans, 108.
spathulatum, 104.
Geminella, 31.
scalariformis var. marina, 12, 31.
Gigartina, 105.
acicularis, 105.
Teedii, 105.
Gigartinaceae, 105.
Gloeocapsa, 15.
ambiqua var. fusco-lutea, 15.’
atrata, 15.
armata, 109.
compressa, 109.
cornea, 109.
confervoides, 109.
damaecornis, 109.
dichotomo-flabellata, 11, 110, 111.
divaricata, 109.
ferox, 109.
horizontalis, 12, 111.
multipartita, 110.
Poiteit, 109.
Textorii, 110.
Wrighti, 109.
Grateloupiaceae, 148.
Griffithsia, 134.
monilis, 135.
Schousboei, 135.
tenuis, 9, 135.
thyrsigera, 135.
Gymnothamnion, 137.
bipinnatum, 139.
elegans, 138.
Harveyi, 138.
pellucidum, 138.
sericeum, 138.
Haematococcus insignis, 40.
Haliseris plagiogramma, 88.
polypodioides, 88.
Halimeda, 59.
incrassata, 59.
forma monilis, 60.
forma typica, 59.
forma tripartita, 59.
Monile, 60.
forma cylindrica, 60.
forma robusta, 60.
simulans, 59.
THE ALGAE
tridens, 59.
forma gracilis, 60.
forma tripartita, 59.
Tuna, 59.
Halymenia, 148.
Agardhii, 9, 149.
bermudensis, 8, 11, 39, 148, 152.
cyclocolpa, 151.
decipiens, 148.
echinophysa, 149.
pseudofloresia, 11, 71, 149.
Hapalosiphon, 26.
intricatus, 26.
Haplospora Vidovichii, 77.
Hassallia, 26.
byssoidea, 26.
Helminthiopsis verticillifera, 151.
Helminthocladia, 98.
calvadosii, 10, 70, 71, 97, 98.
divaricata, 98:
purpurea, 98.
Helminthocladiaceae, 96.
Helminthora divaricata, 98.
Herpochondria, 122.
Herposiphonia, 125.
pecten-veneris, 126.
secunda, 126.
tenella, 126.
Heterospora, 77.
Vidovichii, 9, 77.
Heterosiphonia, 131.
Wurdemanni, 131.
Himanthalia, 78.
Hormoceras pygmaeum, 144.
Hormospora geminella, 35.
scalariformis, 32.
Hormothamnion, 24.
convolutum, 24.
Hormotrichum bermudianum, 32.
Hutchinsia obscura, 128.
opaca, 124.
periclados, 125.
secunda, 126.
tenella, 126.
Hydrococcus marinus, 16.
Hyella, 17.
caespitosa, 17.
Hydroclathrus, 73.
cancellatus, 12, 73.
Hydrocoleum, 23.
comoides, 23.
glutinosum, 23.
lyngbyaceum, 23.
var. rupestre, 23.
Hypnea, 111.
cervicornis, 112.
OF BERMUDA.
cornuta, 113.
musciformis, 9, 112, 143.
spinella, 112.
Hypoglossum, 116.
hypoglossoides, 116.
W oodwardi, 116.
Kallymenia, 105.
perforata, 12, 105.
reniformis, 149.
Laurencia, 117.
cervicornis, 118, 134.
dasyphylla, 119, 121.
gemmifera, 118.
implicata, 118, 120.
intricata, 119.
obtusa, 119.
var. gelatinosa, 119.
var. gracilis, 119.
paniculata, 120.
papillosa, 118.
perforata, 118.
Poitei, 118.
setacea, 119.
tuberculosa, 118.
Leibleinia, 21.
Liagora, 99.
corymbosa, 99.
dubia, 101.
elongata, 97, 99.
pectinata, 100.
pulverulenta, 100.
valida, 99.
Lomentaria, 115.
uncinata, 115.
var. filiformis, 115.
Lophosiphonia, 126.
bermudensis, 126.
obscura, 128.
Saccorhiza, 9, 127.
subadunca, 127.
Lyngbya, 21.
confervoides, 18, 21, 39.
Lagerheimii, 22.
lutea, 22.
majuscula, 21.
Meneghiniana, 18, 21.
semiplena, 22.
Mastigocoleus, 26.
testarum, 26.
Merismopedium, 16.
convolutum, 16.
glaucum, 16.
Meristotheca, 106.
191
192 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
Duchassaingil, 106.
Mesogloia attenuata, 142.
Chordariae, 74.
Griffithsiana, 74.
vermicularis, 74.
virescens, 75.
var. zostericola, 75.
Zosterae, 75.
Mesogloiaceae, 74.
Mesotaenium, 30.
Endlicherianum, 30.
Microchaete, 25.
vitiensis, 25.
Microcoleus, 23.
chthonoplastes, 23.
corymbosus, 28.
tenerrimus, 23.
vaginatus var. monticola, 23.
Microcystis, 16.
marginata, 16.
microspora, 16.
Microspora, 32.
Willeana, 32.
Wittrocki, 32.
Microthamnion, 40.
Kuetzingianum, 40.
Monostroma, 34.
latissimum, 34, 94.
orbiculatum, 34.
Murrayella, 125.
periclados, 125.
Myriocladia Zosterae, 75.
Myrionema orbiculare, 72.
Myriotrichia, 74.
repens, 74.
Myriotrichiaceae, 74.
Myxophyceae, 14.
Nacearia, 103.
corymbosa, 10, 11, 103.
Wigghii, 103.
Nemacystus, 76.
Nemalion purpureum, 98.
Nemastoma cervicornis, 151.
Nemastomaceae, 151.
Neomeris, 53.
annulata, 9, 53.
Kelleri, 53.
Nitophyllum, 115.
marginatum, 116.
venulosum, 116.
Wilkinsoniae, 9, 115.
Nostoe, 25.
ciniflonum, 25.
commune, 26.
Nostochaceae, 24.
Ochtodes filiformis, 109.
Oedogoniaceae, 36.
Oedogonium, 36.
consociatum, 36.
Itzigsohnii, 29, 31, 38.
inversum, 38.
pachyandrium, 37.
Pringsheimii, 36.
Oncobyrsa, 16.
marina, 16.
Oocystis, 31.
Borgei, 31.
Oscillatoria, 19.
amoena, 20.
amphibia, 20.
Bonnemaisonii, 19.
Corallinae, 20.
formosa, 20.
laetevirens, 20.
longearticulata, 20.
margaritifera, 19.
miniata, 19.
nigro-viridis, 19.
tenuis var. tergestina, 20.
Oscillatoriaceae, 18.
Padina, 86.
Durvillaei, 87.
gymnospora, 87.
Pavonia, 86, 87.
sanctae-crucis, 86.
variegata, 87, 145, 146.
Palmella conferta, 17.
rupestris, 15.
tuberculosa, 17.
Penicillus, 57.
capitatus, 58.
forma elongatus, 58.
forma laxus, 58.
elongatus, 58.
pyriformis, 58.
Petrosiphon, 52.
adhaerens, 52.
Phaeophila, 38.
floridearum, 38.
Phaeophyceae, 68.
Phormidium, 20.
fragile, 20.
luridum, 20.
Retzii, 21.
valderianum, 21.
Pithophora, 49.
kewensis, 37, 49.
Platoma, 151.
cyclocolpa, 161.
Plectonema, 22.
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA.
nostocorum, 22.
Pleurocapsa, 17.
conferta, 17.
Pleurococcus membraninus, 14.
vulgaris, 31.
Plumaria asplenioides, 138.
elegans, 138.
Harveyi, 138.
pellucida, 138.
pectinata, 138.
plumosa, 138.
Schousboei, 138, 140.
Polysiphonia, 123.
breviarticulata, 124.
exilis, 128.
fastigiata, 47.
ferulacea, 96, 124.
jibrillosa, 124.
foetidissima, 13, 123.
fracta, 124.
havanensis, 123.
forma mucosa, 123.
Hillebrandi, 122.
macrocarpa, 115, 123.
nigrescens, 124.
obscura, 128.
opaca, 124.
pecten-veneris, 126.
perpustilla, 117.
pulvinata, 123.
simulans, 124.
subtilissima, 123, 124.
violacea, 47.
Polythrix, 28.
corymbosa, 28.
Porphyra, 94.
atropurpurea, 13, 94.
laciniata, 94.
leucosticta, 94.
vulgaris, 94.
Porphyridium, 152.
cruentum, 162.
Porphyrosiphon, 22.
Notarisii, 22.
Pringsheimia, 40.
scutata, 40.
Protococcaceae, 31.
Protococcus, 31.
turgidus, 14.
viridis, 31.
Protoderma, 35.
‘marinum, 36.
Ptilota elegans, 138.
Harveyt, 138.
pellucida, 138.
plumosa, 138.
Schousboet, 138.
sericea, 138.
Ptilothamnion pluma, 140.
Pylaiella, 68.
fulvescens, 68.
Hooperi, 68.
Rhipilia longicaulis, 57.
nigricans, 57.
Rhizoclonium, 42.
crassipellitum, 43.
193
hieroglyphicum, 31, 35, 38, 43.
Hookeri, 43.
Kerneri, 43.
riparium, 43.
var. implexum, 43.
Rhodochorton, 147.
membranaceum, 148.
Rothii, 148.
speluncarum, 17, 147.
Rhodomela calamistrata, 129.
Rhodomelaceae, 117.
Rhodophyceae, 94.
Rhodophyllidaceae, 105.
Rhodymenia palmata, 110, 148.
Rhodymeniaceae, 113.
Rivularia, 28.
hospita, 28.
polyotis, 28.
Zosterae, 75.
Rivulariaceae, 27.
Rosenvingia, 74.
intricata, 12, 74.
Sargassum, 80.
bacciferum, 80.
Filipendula, 84.
var. Montagnei, 83.
forma subedentatum, 83.
fluitans, 81.
Hystrix, 81, 84.
var. fluitans, 81.
lendigerum, 82.
linifolium, 81.
Montagnei, 83.
natans, 8, 80.
platycarpum, 84.
var. bermudense, 84.
vulgare, 78, 83.
var. foliosissimum, 83.
var. Montagne, 83.
Scenedesmageae, 31.
Scenedesmus, 31.
bijuga, 31.
Schizosiphon fucicola, 28.
Schizothrix, 23.
194 COLLINS AND HERVEY.
calcicola, 24.
vaginata, 23.
Scinaia, 101.
complanata, 101.
furcellata, 101.
var. complanata, 101.
Scytonema, 25.
crustaceum, 26.
figuratum, 26.
m-rabile, 25.
myochrous, 26.
ocellatum, 25.
thermale, 25.
varium, 265.
Scytonemaceae, 25.
Scytosiphon, 73.
Lomentaria, 73.
Seirospora Gaillonii, 137.
Griffithsiana, 137.
Siphonocladus, 52.
rigidus, 52.
tropicus, 52.
Spatoglossum, 84.
Areschougii, 84.
guineensis, 93.
Schroederi, 84.
Spermothamnion, 132.
flabellatum, 140.
gorgoneum, 18, 132.
investiens, 132.
var. cidaricola, 132.
macromeres, 132.
Sphacelaria, 72.
furcigera, 72.
fusca, 72.
novae-hollandiae, 72.
tribuloides, 38, 72.
Sphacelariaceae, 72.
Sphaenosiphon prasinus, 18.
Sphaerococcaceae, 108.
Sphaerococcus Gelidium, 106.
isiformis, 107.
Lactuca var. luxurians, 149.
rigens, 113.
spinellus, 112.
Textorii, 110.
Sphaerozyga Thwaitesii, 24.
Spirogyra, 30.
decimina, 30.
var. submarina, 30.
submarina, 30.
Spirulina, 18.
rosea, 18.
subsalsa var. oceanica, 19.
tenerrima, 18.
Sporochnaceae, 77.
Sporochnus, 77.
adriaticus, 77.
Bolleanus, 77.
pedunculatus, 77.
Spyridia, 142.
aculeata, 142.
var. Berkeleyana, 148.
var. hypneoides, 11, 143.
Berkeleyana, 143.
complanata, 143.
filamentosa, 142.
Stephanocoelium pusillum, 63.
Stichococcus, 32.
subtilis, 32.
Stigonema, 26.
informe, 26.
Stigonemaceae, 26.
Stilophora, 77.
rhizodes var. adriatica, 77.
Stilophoraceae, 77.
Streblonema, 71.
parasiticum, 71.
sphaericum, 71, 74.
Striaria intricata, 74.
Struvea, 52.
ramosa, 52.
Symploca, 22.
muscorum, 22.
violacea, 22.
Synechococcus, 14.
aeruginosus, 14.
Synechocystis, 14.
aquatilis, 14, 15.
Taenioma, 117.
macrourum, 117.
perpusillum, 117.
Taonia atomaria, 91.
Schroederi, 84.
Tetraspora, 30.
lubrica, 30, 40.
Tetrasporaceae, 30.
Tilopteridaceae, 77.
Tolypothrix, 26.
tenuis, 26.
Tremella cruenta, 152.
Trentepohlia, 41.
aurea, 41.
Trentepohliaceae, 41.
Trichodesmium, 20.
Thiebaultii, 20.
Trichogloea, 98.
Herveyi, 11, 12, 27, 98.
Trichosolen antillarum, 61.
Turbinaria, 79.
trialata, 79.
THE ALGAE OF BERMUDA. 195
|
tricostata, 12, 79. macrophysa, 8, 61, 114.
} pachynema, 61.
: Udotea, 58. utriculosa, 51.
, conglutinata, 12, 58. forma crustacea, 61.
flabellum, 10, 11, 58. ventricosa, 51.
Ulothrichaceae, 31. verticillata, 52.
Ulothrix subtilis, 32. Valoniaceae, 50.
Ulva, 34. Vaucheria, 66.
atropurpurea, 94. marina, 62.
decorticata, 55. sphaerospora, 66.
dichotoma, 89. Vaucheriaceae, 66.
fasciata, 35. Volvocaceae, 30.
Lactuca, 31, 34, 35, 38.
var. latissima, 34. Wrangelia, 103.
var. rigida, 35. penicillata, 9, 25, 103.
latissima, 34. Wrightiella, 125.
linza, 34. Blodgettii, 10, 12, 125, 136.
lubrica, 30. Tumanowiczl, 125.
Mertensii, 92. Wurdemannia, 104.
prolifera, 33. setacea, 104.
rigida, 35.
Schroederi, 84. Xenococcus, 18.
sinuosa, 73. Schousboei, 18.
stellata, 50. var. pallida, 18.
Ulvaceae, 32.
Urococcus, 40. Zonaria, 85.
insignis, 40. gymnospora, 87.
linearis, 89.
Valonia, 50. lobata, 12, 85, 97.
confervoides, 51. variegata, 85, 87, 146.
favulosa, 50. Zygnemaceae, 30.
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$ —— conrriputions Fi FROM THE BERMUDA BIOLOGICAL
STATION FOR RESEARCH. (Continued.)
Crozier, W. J.—On the Immunity Coloration of some Nudibranchs. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci., 2 (12) : 672-675. Dec., 1916.
Arey, L. B. — The Sensory Potentialitles of the Nudibranch ‘Rhinophore.’ Anat.
Record, 11 (6) :514-516. Jan., 1917.
Crozier, W. J.—Studies on Amphioxus by E. L. Mark and W. J. Crozier. I.
The Photoreceptors of Amphioxus. Anat. Record, LI (6):520. Jan., 1917.
Parker, G. H.— The Movements of the Tentacles in Actinians. Jour. Exp. Zodl.,
22 (1):95-110. Jan., 1917.
Parker, G. H.— Pedal oactenetiok in Actinians. Jour. Exp. Zol., 22 (1): 111-
124. Jan., 1917.
Jorpan, H.— Rheotropism of Epinephelus striatus Bloch. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.,
3 (3) : 157-159. Mar., 1917.
Crozier, W. J.— The Nature of the Conical Bodies on the Mantle of Certain
Nudibranchs. Nautilus, 30 (9): 103-106. Jan., 1917.
Watton, A. C.—A Case of Regeneration in Panulirus argus.
(605) :308-310. May, 1917.
Crozier, W. J. —On the Periodic Shoreward Migration of Tropical Nudibranchs.
Amer. Nat., 51 (606) :377-382. June, 1917.
WopenovseE, R. P.— Direct Determinations of Permeabillty. Jour. Biol. Chem.,
29 (3) :453-458. Apr., 1917.
Crozier, W. J. — Occurrence of a Holothurian new to the Fauna of Bermuda.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1 (113) :405-406. May, 1917.
Crozier, W.J.— On the Pigmentation of a Polyclad. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
and Sci., 42 (11) : 725-730, 1 pl. May, 1917.
Porg, P. H. — The Introduction of West Indian Anura into Bermuda. Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zoél., 61 (6) :117-131, 2 pls. May, 1917.
Crozier, W.J.—Some Structural Variations in Chromodoris zebra. Nautilus,
30 (12) : 140-142. Apr., 1917.
Crozier, W.J.—A Method of Preserving large Nudibranchs.
(12): 142-144. Apr., 1917.
CroziErR, W. J.— Multiplication by Fission in Holothurians. Amer. Nat., 51.
Jorpan, H.— Rheotropic Respenses of Epinephelus striatus Bloch. Amer. Jour.
Physiol., 43 (3) : 438-454. June, 1917.
Crozier, W. J.— The Behavior of Holothurians in Balanced Llumination. Amer.
- Jour. Physiol., 43 (4) :510-513. July, 1917.
Cots, F.S., AND Hervey, A. B. —The Algae of Bermuda.
Amer. Nat., 51
Nautilus, 30
Proc. Amer. Acad.
“Arts and Sci., 33 (1) :1-195, 6 pls. Aug., 1917.
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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE BERMUDA BIOLOGICAL | .
STATION FOR RESEARCH. |
Vo. 3
Mark, K. L. — Preliminary Study of the Salinity of Sea-water in the Bermudas.
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., @8 (18) : 669-678. April, 1913.
SmALLWoop, W. M., anp CLark, E. G.—Chromodoris zebra Heilprin: a Distinct
Species. Jour. of Morph., 2:3 (4) : 625-636. Dec., 1912.
Cnester, W. M.—The Structure of the Gorgonian Coral Pseudoplexaura crassa
Wright and Studer. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 48 (20) : 737-773, 4 pls.
May, 1913.
Kurtenr, H. L.—Studies on the Peripheral Nervous System of Amphioxus.
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 49(10) : 569-626, 8 pls. Oct., 1913.
Hitton, W. A.—The Central Nervous System of Tunica nigra. Zool. Jahrb.,
Abt. f. Anat., 37 (1) :113-130. Dec., 1913.
Crozier, W. J. — Note on the Pigment of a Bermuda Nudibranch, Chromodoris
zebra Heilprin. Jour. of Physiol., 47 (6) :491-492.) Febr., 1914.
ParkKER, G. H.— The Locomotion of Chiton. 2p. April, 1914.
ParKER, G. H. — On the Strength and the Volume of the Water Currents produced
by Sponges. Jour. of Exp. Zoél. 16(3) :443-445. April, 1914.
Crozier, W. J.— The Sensory Reactions of Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig.
Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. Physiol., 3% (3): 233-297. Aug., 1915.
Crozter, W.J.— The Orientation of a Holothurian by Light. Amer. Jour. of
Physiol., 36 (1) :8-20. Dec., 1914. :
Crozier, W.J.—On the Number of Rays in Asterias tenuispina Lamk. at Ber-
muda. Amer. Nat., #9 (577) :28-36.. Jan., 1915. ~
Arey, L. B. —The Orientation of Amphioxus during Locomotion. Jour. of Exp.
Zobl., 1M (1) :37-44. July, 1915.
Crozier, W.J.—A Note on the Physiology of the Cuvierian Organs of Holo
thuria captiva Ludw. Amer. Jour. of Physiol., 36 (2) ; 196-202. Jan., 1915.
Mavor, J. W.—On the Development of the Coral Agaricia fragilis Dana. Proc.
Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 51 (9) :183-211, 6 pls. Dec., 1915.
Crozier, W. J. — On Cell Penetration by Acids. Science, N. S., #2 (1090) :735-
736. Nov. 19, 1915.
VoL. 4.
Crozier, W. J.— Regarding the Existence of the ‘Common Chemical Sense’ in
Vertebrates. Jour. Comp. Neurol., 26 (1):1-8. Feb., 1916.
Crozier, W. J.—Cell Penetration by Acids. Jour. Biol. Chem., 24 (3) : 255-279.
Mar., 1916.
Hecut, S.—The Water Current produced by Ascidia atra Lesueur. Jour. of
Exp. Zodl., 20 (3) :429-434. Apr., 1916.
Crozier, W. J.-- The Rhythmic Pulsation of the Cloaca of Holothurians. ‘ Jour.
of Exp. Zo6l., 20 (3) : 297-356. Apr., 1916. .
Crozier, W.J.—Some Indicators from Animal Tissues. Jour. Biol. Chem., 24
(4) 448-445. Apr., 1916.
Ga.tioway, T. W., AND WELoH, P. S. —Studies on a Phosphorescent Bermudian
Annelid, Odontosyllis enopla Verrill. (Reprinted from Trans. Amer. Micros.
Soc., BO (1) :13-39, 5 pls. Jan., 1911.) Reprint, 26 pp., 5 pls. June, 1916.
Crozier, W.J.—The Taste of Acids. Jour. Comp. Neurol., 26 (4) : 453-462.
Aug., 1916.
Wenricu, D. H. — Notes on the Reactions of Bivalve Mollusks to Changes in
Light Intensity: Image Formation in Pecten. Jour. Anim. Behavior, 6 (4):
297-318. July-Aug., 1916.
Crozier, W.J.—Cell Penetration by Acids. If Further Observations on the
Blue Pigment ef Chromodoris zébra. Jour. Biol. Chem., 26 (1) :217-223.
Sept., 1916.
Crozier, W. J.—Cell Penetration by Acids. IIL. Data on some Additional Acids
Jour. Biol. Chem., 26 (1) : 225-230. Sept., 1916.
Crozier, W. J. ie a Barnacle, Conchoderma virgatum, attached to a Fish,
Diodon hystrix. Amer. Nat., 40 (598) : 636-639. Oct., 1916.
“SR AA al SUI ae ie CE a ete Oe
J ati r 4 ae es oy tT > ‘ ‘ ts
ay rh ~~, et - as” 4 Pa) o> « rol ee .
PEP Pee ee
~ de a —*, ¢ 7 = al - \
or Fey awn boa ‘
~~ Jrs ies ; 7
hey f ay “<$
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE BERMUDA BIOLOGICAL
STATION FOR RESEARCH. ( Continued.)
Crozier, W. J.—On the Immunity Coloration of some Nudibranchs. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci., 2 (12) : 672-675. Dec., 1916.
Arey, L. B. —The Sensory Potentialitles of the Nudibranch ‘ Rhinophore.’ Anat.
Record, Ll (6): 514-516. Jan., 1917.
Crozier, W. J.—Studies on Amphioxus by E. L. Mark and W. J. Crozier. I.
The Photoreceptors of Amphioxus. Anat. Record, 11 (6):520. Jan., 1917.
PaRKER, G. H.— The Movements of the Tentacles in Actinians. Jour. Exp. Zool.,
22 (1):95-110. Jan., 1917.
PaRKER, G. H.— Pedal Locomotion in Actinians. Jour. Exp. Zoé)., 22 (1): 111-
124. Jan., 1917.
JORDAN, H. — Rheotropism of Epinephelus striatus Bloch. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.,
3 (3) :157-159. Mar., 1917.
Crozmr, W. J.— The Nature of the Conical Bodies on the Mantle of Certain
Nudibranchs. Nautilus, 30 (9) : 103-106. Jan., 1917. ;
Watton, A. C.—A Case of Regeneration in Panulirus argus. Amer. Nat., 51
(605) :308-310. May, 1917.
Crozier, W. J. — On the Periodic Shoreward Migration of Tropical Nudibranchs.
Amer. Nat., 51 (606) :377-382. June, 1917.
WopeEnovsE, R. P.— Direct Determinations of Permeabillty. Jour. Biol. Chem.,
29 (8) :453-458. Apr., 1917.
CroziErR, W. J. — Occurrence of a Holothurian new to the Fauna of Bermuda.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19 (113) :405-406. May, 1917.
Crozier, W.J.— On the Pigmentation of a Polyclad. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
and Sci., 52 (11) :725-730, 1 pl. May, 1917.
Porg, P. H. — The Introduction of West Indian Anura into Bermuda. Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zo6l., 61 (6) :117-131, 2 pls. May, 1917.
Crozier, W.J.—Some Structural Variations in Chromodoris zebra. Nautilus,
30 (12) : 140-142. - Apr., 1917.
Crozier, W.J.— A Method of Preserving large Nudibranchs. Nautilus, 30
(12) :142-144. Apr., 1917.
Crozier, W. J.— Multiplication by Fission in Holothuriaus. Amer. Nat., 51.
JoRDAN, H.— Rheotropic Responses of Epinephelus striatus Bloch. Amer. Jour.
Physiol., 43 (3) :438-454. June, 1917.
Crozier, W. J.— The Behavior of Holothurians in Balanced IlJumination. Amer.
Jour. Physiol., #3 (4) :510-513. July, 1917.
Corns, F.S., AND Hervey, A. B.— The Algae of Bermuda. Proc. Amer. Acad.
Arts and Sci., 333 (1) :1-195, 6 pls. Aug., 1917.
eee Ge, an — >A *
t © ee :
e% Py fe ~ Nader tle. > so ee -* »
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TS oT al’ kn lane = re
F
~ - .
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE BERMUDA BIOLOGICAL —
STATION FOR RESEARCH.
Vou. 8.
Mark, K. L. — Preliminary Study of the Salinity of Sea-water in the Bermudas.
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., #8 (18) : 669-678. April, 1913.
SmaLiwoop, W. M., And CLark, E. G.—Chromodoris zebra Leilprin: a Distinct
Species. Jour. of Morph., 23(4) : 625-636. Dec., 1912.
Cuester, W. M.—The Structure of the Gorgonian Coral Pseudoplexaura crassa
Wright and Studer. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei., 48 (20) : 737-773;-4 pls.
May, 1913.
Kutour, H. L.—Studies on the Peripheral Nervous System of Amphioxus.
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 49(10) : 569-626, 8 pls. Oct., 1913.
Hitton, W. A.—The Central Nervous System of Tunica nigra. Zool. Jahrb.,
Abt. f. Anat., 37 (1):113-130. Dec., 1918.
Crozier, W.J.— Note on the Pigment of a Bermuda Nudibranch, Chromodoris
zebra Heilprin. Jour. of Physiol., 47 (6) :491-492. Febr., 1914.
PaRKER, G. H.— The Locomotion of Chiton. 2p. April, 1914.
ParkKeER, G. H.— On the Strength and the Volume of the Water Currents produced
by Sponges. Jour. of Exp. Zoél. 16(3) :443-445. April, 1914.
Crozier, W. J.— The Sensory Reactions of Holothuria surinamensis: Ludwig.
Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. Physiol., 3% (3): 233-297. Aug., 1915.
Crozier, W. J.—The Orientation of a Holothurian by Light. Amer. Jour. of
Physiol., 86 (1) :8-20. Dec., 1914. :
Crozier, W.J.—On the Number of Rays in Asterias tenuispina Lamk. at Ber-
muda. Amer. Nat., 49 (577) :28-36. Jan., 1915.
Arey, L. B. — The Orientation of Amphioxus during Locomotion. Jour. of Exp.
Zobl., 19 (1) :37-44. July, 1915.
Crozier, W.J.—A Note on the Physiology of the Cuvierian Organs of Holo
thuria captiva Ludw. Amer. Jour. of Physiol., 36 (2) :196-202. Jan., 1915.
Mavor, J. W.— Onthe Development of the Coral Agaricia fragilis Dana. Proc.
Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 51 (9) :183-211, 6 pls. Dec., 1915.
Crozier, W. J. — On Cell Penetration $4 Acids. Science, N. S., #2 (1090) :735-
736. Nov. 19, 1915.
Vou. 4
Crozier, W.J.— Regarding the Existence of the ‘Common Chemical Sense’ in
Vertebrates. Jour. Comp. Neurol., 26 (1):1-8. Feb., 1916.
Crozier, W. J.—Cell Penetration by Acids. Jour. Biol. Chem., 24 (3) : 255-279.
Mar., 1916.
Hecut, S.—The Water Current produced by Ascidia atra Lesueur. Jour. of
Exp. Zodl., 20 (3) :429-434. Apr., 1916.
Crozier, W. J. — The Rhythmic Palsation of the Cloaca of Holothurians. Jour.
of Exp. ZoGl., 20 (3): 297-356. Apr., 1916.
Crozier, W. J.—Some Indicators from Animal Tissues. Jour. Biol. Chem., 24
(4) : 448-445. Apr., 1916. !
GaLLoway, T. W., AND Wetcu, P.S.—Studies on a Phosphorescent Bermudian
Annelid, Odontosyllis enopla Verrill. (Reprinted from Trans. Amer. Micros.
Soc., $@ (1) :13-39, 5 pls. Jan., 1911.) Reprint, 26 pp., &pls. June, 1916.
Crozier, W.J.—The Taste of Acids. Jour. Comp. Neurol., 26 (4) : 453-462.
Aug., 1916.
Wenricu, D. H. — Notes on the Reactions of Bivalve Mollusks to Changes in
Light Intensity: Image Formation in Pecten. Jour. Anim. Behavior, @ (4):
297-318. July-Aug., 1916.
Crozier, W.J.—Cell Penetration by Acids. IL Further Observations on the
Blue Pigment ef Chromodoris zebra. Jour. Biol. Chem., 26 (1) :217-223.
Sept., 1916.
Crozier, W. J.—Cell Penetration by Acids.’ III. Data on some Additional Acids
Jour. Biol. Chem., 26 (1) : 225-230. Sept., 1916.
Crozier, W. J. —On a Barnacle, Conchoderma virgatum, Gtinchell to a Fish,
Diodon hystrix. Amer. Nat., 50 (598) : 636-639. Oct., 1916.
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