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LAND PLANTS
COLLECTED BY THE ALLAN HANCOCK
ATLANTIC EXPEDITION OF 1939
@PrAtEs 1, 2)

By HOWARD SCOTT GENTRY

THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS
ALLAN HANcockK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION
REPORT NUMBER 6
IssUED JUNE 30, 1948

THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS
Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

LAND PLANTS COLLECTED BY THE
ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION OF 1939
HOWARD SCOTT GENTRY

In 1939 the cruiser, Velero III, of the Allan Hancock Foundation
voyaged from Panama to Trinidad and returned. Aboard was a staff of
natural history scientists and technicians. The party traveled off the
Venezuelan coast and visited several islands of the Dutch West Indies and
the British West Indies. They left Panama on the seventh of April and
were back at Barro Colorado in the Panama Canal Zone on May first.
The exact course and further details of this voyage are given in Garth’s
account (1945). Most of the staff were concerned with marine biology
and dredgings were made at likely places near the lands. Mr. Francis H.
Elmore accompanied the expedition to collect land plants and went ashore
whenever opportunity afforded. He was sometimes accompanied by Dr.
W. R. Taylor, phycologist, and Elmore in his notes attributes some of the
land plant collections to Taylor. All collections, however, are cited below
under Elmore’s collection numbers. Although the trip was made during
the dry season, collectable material of 120 south Caribbean plants was
obtained.

The most notable locality visited was Cubagua Island, which lies off
the Venezuelan coast about six miles inward from the larger island of
Margarita. The flora of Margarita and one of its smaller companion
islands, Coche, was reported by Johnston (1909). So far as I can deter-
mine, Elmore was the first to collect on Cubagua. Urban (1902) does
not list the island among those visited by collectors. Later works, as those
of Boldingh (1913, 1914), Trelease (1913), Sandwith (1938), and
Pulle (1932-39), and numerous authors of many papers including plants
of the region, all fail to report any collections from Cubagua Island.
Although it is possible that I have overlooked some citations of plants
from Cubagua Island, I regard the enumerated 15 plants below as the
first to have been collected on Cubagua.

Cubagua is a small island about 5 miles long, 2% miles wide, and 200
feet high. Johnston refers to it as a desert island, like Coche. Of Coche he
wrote, (1. c. pp. 288, 289). “The island of Coche is a typical desert island
and, so far as reported, had never been visited by a botanist... . No mention
of rain on the island has been made because the existence of any at any
time was not apparent. The natives claimed there never was any. As a
matter of fact at the time of this visit there was a slight mist in the after-

[1]

2s ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

noon during the passing of a heavy thunder-storm on the coast of the
mainland. This mist was barely perceptible and of course not sufficient
to furnish water in any quantity. No streams or springs exist on the island.
‘The unweathered condition of the rocks suggests the great lack of rain,
while the presence of the sand in the hollows rather than on the hilltops
may be accounted for by the wind movements. The rounded hills are
wind worn, and there are no gullies due to rushing water.”

Since Cubagua is less than ten miles off from Coche and is even
smaller, we can surmise that in climate and flora it is similar to Coche.
Johnston collected 21 families in 33 genera and in 37 species on Coche.
‘Two of the species were described as endemic. Doubtless Cubagua shares
endemic plants with Coche, but that is not at present determinable with
our limited knowledge and the material at hand. Figure 1 shows a view
of the interior of the island. Judging from this, the dispersed but spotted
groupings of the arborescent plants, the mixture of mesophyllous shrubs,
the thick-stemmed dwarf tree, and the succulent element, the vegetation,
perhaps, should be classed as thorn forest, but the physiognomy also sug-
gests desert shrub.

Of the other islands visited, Trinidad and Tobago are the best known.
Collections here reported from Trinidad were obtained mostly at the
Royal Botanic Gardens at Port of Spain. Many of them represent useful
or ornamental plants from other countries.

Curacao has been better collected than other islands off the Venezuelan
coast. he floras of Tortuga and Aruba remained little known until
Boldingh published his work on them in 1913 and 1914. Urban (1902)
reports A. Ernst as having collected on Tortuga in 1874, Jacquin and
Suringer on Aruba, the former between 1755 and 1757, the latter in
1885. The environmental relations of the native plants of these islands
are still scarcely known.

One hundred and fifty numbers were secured in Panama. Of the
localities visited, Bahia Honda and Taboga Island are on the Pacific
coast. These were actually visited during the 1939 Pacific voyage, the
plant collections of which are to be enumerated in a report now in prepara-
tion. In order to avoid duplication of citations and geographical unity, the
Pacific collections from Panama are reported here with the rest of the
Panama material. Bahia Honda has rarely been visited by botanists and
several discoveries there provide new distribution records. Figures 2 and 3
show some of the vegetation in Bahia Honda.

No. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS

TABLE I

ITINERARY OF COLLECTIONS

Localities Date
PANAMA
VSS VEE 11 oy 0 Fe eee ee er er March 28
Roadside mean Garmboal 2ctccecseceecesccse sees March 31
Nature Trail at Camp No. 1 on Madden
ID Evo Bt ted yeh a) ese aerate eee eee April 1
Near Bat Cave on Madden Dam Highway April 1
Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon .......:........ April 3, 4, 26

NETHERLANDS WEsT INDIES
Vicinity of San Nicolaas, Aruba Island ....April 8, 9

VENEZUELA
Sontucaristandys = 22. race eos Se toe April 13
(Ce yeni 1S) Feta a acs see oe eee April 14, 15

BritisH West INDIES
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain,

fErinidad §e2 eas Seite ee ee April 18
itch) Wake, Urinidad! <...1...cse eee April 17
Scarborough, Mobago) secs eee ee April 19
IBuccoopbaysediob ag Opes eee eee April 20

NETHERLANDS WEsT INDIES
Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad,

CUEacaO) = ee eee April 23
PANAMA
Bacroy Colorado sland: esses ee May 1
rij oless1Canall (Zon elec eee ree eee May 1
sleabogaiislandi es fos eae May 2

Collectors’
numbers

H1-H51
Ii-I4

eft
K1-K2
L1-L47

N1-N11

P1-P12
Q1-Q15

R1-R31
§1-S3
U1-U7
V1-V26

Wwi-W15

X1-X20
Y1-Y8
Z1-Z3

The localities visited by the expedition and the number of land plants
collected at each are given in the accompanying table. Following this is a
catalogue of the species obtained with the collector’s notes following
the citation of his collection number. The families of the spermatophytes
are listed according to the sequence of the Engler and Prantl system. The
genera and species are arranged alphabetically under their respective
families. Acknowledgments are due the following botanists, whose co-
operation in naming special groups of plants is highly appreciated.

4 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT
S. F. Blake National Arboretum Compositae

E. U. Clover — University of Michigan Cactaceae

L. Croizat Arnold Arboretum Euphorbiaceae

L. H. Harvey Montana State University Gramineae

I. M. Johnston Arnold Arboretum Boraginaceae, Hydrophyllaceae
E. C. Leonard National Arboretum Acanthaceae

C.V. Morton National Herbarium Pteridophytes

H. O'Neill Catholic University Cyperaceae

C. Schweinfurth Botanical Museum of Harvard Orchidaceae

P. C. Standley Chicago Museum Miscellaneous

L. C. Wheeler Univ. So. Calif. Euphorbiaceae

I.L. Wiggins Stanford University Malvaceae

Without the responsive help of those listed above, the writer could
not pretend to handle adequately the elements of a flora with which he has
only a nodding acquaintance. "To Captain Hancock goes the writer’s
special appreciation for the opportunity to study the Allan Hancock
Foundation collections.

ARUBA ISLAND, NETHERLANDS WEST INDIES
AIZOACEAE
SESUVIUM PORTULACASTRUM L.
Vicinity of San Nicolaas, April 9, Elmore N5, in blackish marsh of
upper beach.
Distribution: Littoral of tropical America.

EUPHORBIACEAE
CNIDOSCULUS URENS (L.) Arthur vel aff.

Vicinity of San Nicolaas, April 8-9, Elmore N2, with white flowers,
in semi-desert among rocks.

Distribution: Widely distributed in the American tropics.

The collection is atypical in the woody nature of the main branches
and the extremely dense spinescence. McVaugh, who named the specimen
and who is giving the genus careful study, states that the complex of
C. urens is in need of intense study, the specific and varietal limits not yet
having been well defined.

EUPHORBIA BUXIFOLIA Lam.
Vicinity of San Nicolaas, April 8-9, Elmore N8.
Distribution: West Indies.

JATROPHA GOSSYPIIFOLIA L.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 5

San Nicolaas, April 8, Elmore N6; in dry hot rocky semi-desert.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the tropics of the New World,
also in western Africa.

CACTACEAE

CacTus INTorTUS Miller ?

Vicinity of San Nicolaas, April 8-9, Elmore N11.

The material is too fragmentary for certain identification.
OpuntTIA Tuna (L.) Mill.

San Nicolaas, April 8-9, Elmore N10; in dry hot boulders at 25 feet
elevation.

Distribution: Widely distributed in the West Indies, type from
Jamaica.

The small joints and long porrect spines appear to reflect the arid en-
vironment. It agrees with Brit. & Rose’s description of the species, (Carn.
Inst. Publ. 248, 1: 114) except for the petals which are tipped with a
small bristle.

ASCLEPIADACEAE

CALOTROPIS PROCERA (Ait.) R. Br.
Vicinity of San Nicolaas, April 8, Elmore N1; on coralline rock.
Distribution: West Indies.
Elmore reports that they form large shrubs or small trees 3 to 30 feet
high; flowers white and purple.

BORAGINACEAE

MESSERSCHMIDIA GNAPHALODES (L.) Jtn.
Tournefortia gnaphalodes R. Br. Prod. 496. 1810.

Vicinity of San Nicolaas, April 9, Elmore N4; in sand of the upper
beach; flowers white.

Distribution: Florida and the West Indies.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

ScCOPARIA DULCIS L.
Vicinity of San Nicolaas, April 9, Elmore N3.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America.

6 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

RUBIACEAE
Morinpa Royoc L.
Vicinity of San Nicolaas, April 9, Elmore N7, “in dry rocky semi-
desert. Flowers white, fruit green.”
Distribution: Central America, West Indies.

CURACAO ISLAND, NETHERLANDS WEST INDIES
GRAMINEAE
ARISTIDA SETIFOLIA HBK.
Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W7;
coralline.
Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Peru; described originally
from Venezuela.

AMARYLLIDACEAE

AGAVE BoLDINGHIANA Trel.

Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore WO.

Distribution: Known only from Bonaire and Curacao of the Leeward
Islands; the type from Curacao.

This is a member of the section Viviparae and like other members of
that group produces plantlets, also technically known as bulbils, in the
inflorescence.

NYCTAGINACEAE
COMMICARPUS SCANDENS (L.) Standl.
Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W4;
sandy soil in the shade.
Distribution: Warmer parts of the New World from Arizona and
Texas south; type from Jamaica.

LEGUMINOSAE

AcaciA FaRNESIANA Willd.

Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W2.

Distribution: Widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of both
hemispheres ; type from Santo Domingo.

Shrub or small tree with highly sweet-odorous flowers, from which
a perfume is manufactured. It is known in trade as cassie.
PROSOPIS JULIFLORA (Sw.) DC.

No. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 7

Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W12;
flowers yellow, on exposed coralline rock at 10 feet elevation.

Distribution: West Indies and perhaps elsewhere; the type from
Jamaica.

EUPHORBIACEAE

CROTON RHAMNIFOLIUS HBK.

Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W5.

Distribution: Widely distributed in the coastal littoral of the Carib-
bean region.

Shrub with white flowers on sandy coralline.
JATROPHA GOSSYPIIFOLIA L.

Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W14;
in crevices of uplifted coral reef.

Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America ; western Africa.

A hardy subsucculent shrub with palmately lobed serrate leaves and
red flowers.

CONVOLVULACEAE
IPOMOEA RUBRA (Vahl) Millsp.
Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W1;
on uplifted coral reef, flowers purple.
Distribution: Central and South America, West Indies, also in Africa.
Twining vine with slender stems, entire cordate glabrous leaves,
minutely aristate sepals, and purple corollas.

BORAGINACEAE
HELIOTROPIUM ANGIOSPERMUM Murr.
Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W3;
coralline sand from uplifted reef, flowers white.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tierra caliente of the American
tropics and subtropics.

RUBIACEAE
ERITHALIS FRUCTICOSA L.
Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W13.
Distribution: West Indies.
Shrub with white flowers collected in shaded, hot, sandy, coralline soil.

8 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

COMPOSITAE

GUNDLACHIA CORYMBOSA (Urban) Brit.

Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W11;
in dry, sandy, coralline soil.

Distribution: Curagao, the type locality, and vicinity.
IsOCARPHA OPPOSITIIFOLIA (L.) R. Br.

Fort Nassau, Schottegat Bay, Willemstad, April 23, Elmore W10;
shaded in sandy, coralline soil. Flowers white.

Distribution: Widely dispersed in the American tropics from Texas to
South America and the West Indies.

TORTUGA ISLAND, VENEZUELA
GRAMINEAE
SPOROBOLUS PYRAMIDATUS (Lam.) Hitchce.
Tortuga Island, April 13, Elmore P6; on dry, flat, coralline rock.
Distribution: South America.

AIZOACEAE
SESUVIUM PORTULACASTRUM L.
Tortuga Island, April 14-15, Elmore P10.

Distribution: Littoral, nearly throughout tropical America.

SIMAROUBACEAE
CasTELA NICHOLSONI Hook.
Tortuga Island, April 14-15, Elmore P7. A few shrubs observed on
dry rocky sandy level of the coralline atoll.
Distribution: West Indies, Antigua, St. Croix, Cubagua, and
Tortuga; the type from Antigua.

ANACARDIACEAE
SPONDIAS PURPUREA L.
Tortuga Island, April 13, Elmore P6; dry sandy soil of coralline atoll.
Distribution: Widely distributed in well-drained soils from Mexico
to South America and the West Indies.

MALVACEAE
GOssYPIUM BARBADENSE L.?
Tortuga Island, April 13, Elmore P3,; on coralline rocks.
Distribution: Many forms of this common cotton are cultivated in the
warmer parts of the world. It has escaped cultivation in many places and
the collection, which cannot be identified certainly because of insufficient
material, is probably one of the Iccal insular forms.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 9

CACTACEAE
Cactus INTorRTUS Miller ?
Tortuga Island, April 14-15, Elmore P4.

Insufficient material for certain identification.

COMBRETACEAE
CoNOCARPUS ERECTUS L.
Tortuga Island, April 14-15, Elmore P9.
Distribution: Littoral of tropical America and west Africa.

THEOPHRASTACEAE
JACQUINEA BARBASCO (Loefl.) Mez.
Tortuga Island, April 14-15, Elmore P8.
Distribution: Islands of the southern Caribbean.
Collections made from a few plants growing in the sandy soil over the
coralline rock.

BORAGINACEAE
HELIOTROPIUM ANGIOSPERMUM Murr.
Tortuga Island, April 13, Elmore P2; among dry grass on coral atoll.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the tierra caliente of tropical
America.

RUBIACEAE
ERITHALIS FRUCTICOSA L.
Tortuga Island, April 13, Elmore P1,; on coral rocks of the upper
beach.
Distribution: West Indies.
This collection marks an extension of range for the species and adds
a new genus to the flora of South America.

CUBAGUA ISLAND, VENEZUELA
GRAMINEAE

CENCHRUS PILosus HBK.

Cubagua Island, April 13-14, Elmore Q4.

Distribution: Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela; type from Vene-
zuela.
LEPTOTHRIUM RIGIDUM Kunth.

Cubagua Island, April 13-14, EZmore Q5. Boulders in dry, hot wash;
few plants.

10 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Distribution: Littoral, Jamaica to Colombia; type from “America
calidor.”
SPOROBOLUS PYRAMIDATUS (Lam.) Hitchce.

Cubagua Island, April 14, Elmore Q6. Dry coralline rock and sand ;

few.

AMARANTACEAE
ALTERNANTHERA CANESCENS HBK.
Cubagua Island, April 15, Elmore Q11; a few plants on the dry sandy
upper beach.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the arid tropics.

CHENOPODIACEAE
ATRIPLEX PENTANDRA ( Jacq.) Standl.
Cubagua Island, April 15, Elmore Q12; dry sandy soil on the upper
beach.
Distribution: Florida through West Indies to northern South
America, type from sea shores of Cuba.

NYCTAGINACEAE
ALLIONIA INCARNATA L.
Cubagua Island, April 13-14, Elmore Q10; sandy soil on the upper
beach.
Distribution: Widespread in arid regions from southwestern United
States to South America.

AIZOACEAE
TRIANTHEMA PORTULACASTRUM L,
Cubagua Island, April 15, Elmore Q15; sandy soil on the upper beach.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America, Asia, Africa.

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
‘TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L.
Cubagua Island, April 15, Elmore Q14; dry upper beach.
Distribution: Widespread in the tropics of the New World.

SIMAROUBACEAE
CasTELA NiIcHOLSONI Hook.
Cubagua Island, April 14, Elmore Q3.
Distribution: West Indies, the type from Antigua.
Elmore noted a few shrubs in grassland on level dry clay soil. John-
ston collected it on both Margarita and Coche.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 11

EUPHORBIACEAE
JATROPHA GOSSYPIIFOLIA L.

Cubagua Island, April 14, Elmore Q7; in grassland with coralline
boulders and clay. Flowers red.

Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America; also in western
Africa.

CACTACEAE
Opuntia Tuna (L.) Mill var. cUBAGUENSIS var. nov.

Articuli parvi, 6—13 cm longi, 5—9, cm lati, autem plerumque 9—10
cm longi et 7—9 cm lati, suborbiculati, tenues, pallidi-glaucescentes ;
areolae 2—3 cm distantes, orbiculares, prominentes, ad 4—5 mm elevatiae ;
aculei 2—4, ad 4—5 cm longi, grisei flavi; corollae lutea, emarginata,
apice mucronata. Specimen typicum Elmore Q1, Cubagua Island, Vene-
zuela, April 14, 1939, in Allan Hancock Foundation Herbarium. Dup-
lum in herbarium, University of Michigan.

The variety differs from typical Opuntia Tuna in the smaller, thinner,
suborbicular joints, the longer porrect spines, and the emarginate prickle-
tipped petals. The collector reports it growing in clay soil in level dry
grassland.

CONVOLVULACEAE
EVOLVULUS ALSINOIDES L.
Cubagua Island, April 15, Elmore Q9.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tropics and subtropics of the Old
and New Worlds, usually in well aerated soils.

BORAGINACEAE
HELIOTROPIUM CURASSAVICUM L.
Cubagua Island, April 15, Elmore Q13, sandy upper beach.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical America,
often in alkaline soils of the lowlands.

TRINIDAD, BRITISH WEST INDIES
POLY PODIACEAE
ADIANTUM BESSONIAE Jenm.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R16.
Distribution: Trinidad.
CyRTOMIUM FALCATUM (L. F.) Presl.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R18.

12 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Distribution: Native of tropical and subtropical Asia.
DrYoOPTERIS AMPLA (Willd.) Kuntze
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R26.
Distribution: Yucatan to Ecuador and the West Indies.
HyYpoDERRIS BROWNII J. Sm.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R26.
Distribution: West Indies.
POLYPODIUM PHYLLITIDIS L.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R14.
Distribution: Mexico to Argentina and the West Indies, Florida.

GRAMINEAE
PHARUS LATIFOLIUS L.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, Trinidad, April 18, Elmore
R23.
Distribution: Guatemala and West Indies to Brazil.

CYPERACEAE
CYPERUS POLYSTACHYOS Rottb.
Pitch Lake, April 17, Elmore S3; in crevices of asphalt.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical regions.

ARACEAE
ANTHURIUM CF. BAKERI Hook.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R15.
Distribution: Native of Costa Rica, described from cultivated intro-
duction in the Kew Gardens.
ANTHURIUM Hooker Kunth
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R4.
Distribution: British Guiana, West Indies.
SPATHIPHYLLUM CANNIFOLIUM (Dryand) Schott.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R25.
Distribution: Northern South America, Trinidad.

ORCHIDACEAE
EPIDENDRUM FRAGRANS Swartz
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R27.
Distribution: Guatemala and Peru to the West Indies.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 13

PALMAE
PHYTELEPHAS MACROCARPA Ruiz & Pav. ?
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R3.
Distribution: ‘Tropical America.

COMMELINIACEAE
ZEBRINA PENDULA Schnizl.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R7.
Distribution: Mexico, Central America, and West Indies.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
ARISTOLOCHIA ELEGANS Mart. ?
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R28.
Distribution: Brazil.

POLYGONACEAE
‘TRIPLARIS SURINAMENSIS Cham.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R8.
Distribution: Guianas.

MYRISTICACEAE
MyrisTICA FRAGRANS Houtt.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R1.
Distribution: West Indies. Native to Molucca Island, India.
This is the Nutmeg tree.

LEGUMINOSAE
AMHERSTIA NOBILIS Wall.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R29.
Distribution: Southeastern Asia.
CassiA FIstTuLA L.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R2.
Distribution: Native of Asia, but widely cultivated as an ornamental
in tropical America.

MALVACEAE
Sma AcuTA Burm.
Pitch Lake, April 17, Elmore §2,; in crevices of rock along Pitch Lake.
Distribution: A weed widely dispersed in tropical and subtropical
Americas.

14 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

COCHLOSPERMACEAE
CocHLOSPERMUM VITIFOLIUM ( Willd.) Spreng.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R10.
Distribution: Mexico to South America, cultivated in the West Indies.

VERBENACEAE
CLERODENDRON FRAGRANS Vent.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R22.
Distribution: Native of southeast Asia, cultivated and naturalized in
tropical America.

SOLANACEAE
SOLANUM SEAFORTHIANUM Andr.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R21. A
scandent shrub with violaceous flowers.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America; introduced into
cultivation as an ornamental in many localities.

GESNERIACEAE
‘TUSSACIA PULCHELLA Reichb.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R11.

Distribution: Panama.

ACANTHACEAE
‘THUNBERGIA ALATA Bojer
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R24.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the West Indies and northern
South America.

RUBIACEAE
BorRRERIA VERTICILLATA (L.) Meyer
Pitch Lake, April 17, Elmore S1; growing out of rock crevices in
Pitch Lake.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the tropics of the Americas.

CAMPANULACEAE
HIPPOBROMA LONGIFLORA (L.) G. Don
Royal Botanic Gardens, Port of Spain, April 18, Elmore R9.
Distribution: Nearly pan-tropical, native of the New World, the
type from Jamaica. Adventive in Old World.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 15

TOBAGO, BRITISH WEST INDIES
GRAMINEAE
CHUSQUEA CF. SCANDENS Kunth.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V10; edge of brackish lagoon back
from beach.

This collection also shows affinity with Chusquea Pittieri Hack.,
described from Costa Rica. The material is sterile and cannot be deter-
mined certainly.

SPoROBOLUS PorreTTu (R. & S.) Hitche.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V 16.

Distribution: Open ground and waste places in tropical and subtropi-
cal America. Introduced from Asia.

CYPERACEAE

CyPERUS LIGULARIS L.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V8; shaded in moist sandy soil of the
upper beach.

Distribution: Generally distributed in tropical America.
DIcHROMENA CILIATA Vahl

Scarborough, April 19, Elmore U7; under a running faucet.

Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America.
ELEOCHARIS MUTATA (L.) R. & S.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V10; edge of brackish lagoon back of
beach.

Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America.
FIMBRISTYLIS FERRUGINEA (L.) Vahl

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V13; in dry mud of the grassland.

Distribution: Central America and the West Indies.

POLYGONACEAE
CoccoLospA UVvIFERA L.
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V4; sandy soil of the upper beach.
Distribution: Littoral of tropical America.

LEGUMINOSAE
AcacIA ToRTUOSA (L.) Willd.
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V 14.
Distribution: Mexico to the Caribbean.
PITHECOLOBIUM DULCE (Roxb.) Benth.
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V1.

16 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Distribution: Tropical regions of the Americas, type from Coraman-
del, and naturalized in the tropics of the Old World. It occurs widely in
the warmer regions of the New World both wild and cultivated. It has
been introduced into California and Florida. The sweetish pulpy arils of
the seeds are eaten by the native peoples in the spring; dried, they are sold
in the markets.

ERY THROXYLACEAE
ERYTHROXYLON CUMANENSE HBK.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V3; dry sandy soil of the upper beach.

Distribution: Northern South America and Tobago.

A small tree or shrub with stiff branches and white flowers, char-
acterized by the unarmed approximately horizontal branchlets and the
short pedicels of the flowers. ‘he above specimen is nearly leafless, bearing
only a few immature leaves on the outer twigs. I have followed Sandwith
(Kew Bul. 1938: 357) in assigning this collection to this species. How-
ever, it also shows relationship to Venezuelan material in the herbarium
of the Chicago Natural History Museum labeled as EF. carthagenense

Jacq.

ANACARDIACEAE
ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.
Scarborough, April 19, Elmore U6, botanic garden.
Distribution: Tropics of the New World, naturalized in the Old
World tropics.

EUPHORBIACEAE
EUPHORBIA GLOMERIFERA (Millsp.) Wh.

Scarborough, April 19, Elmore U3; roadside in clay soil, flowers white.
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V 19, roadside.

Distribution: American tropics.

HipPpoMANE MANCINELLA L.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V2; on dry shaded upper beach.

Distribution: Mostly littoral from Jalisco to Brazil, West Indies, and
Florida.

A low spreading tree with thick caustic latex and poisonous fruit. Both
the gum and the fruit are employed locally by the natives for medicine and
were formerly used for poisoning arrows. It is the manchineel tree.
Standley in the ““T'rees and Shrubs of Mexico” (C. N. H. 23: 650. 1923)

gives an interesting account of this tree.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 17

SAPINDACEAE
DovponEA VISCOSA Jacq.
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V6, on sandy upper beach.
Distribution: Widely distributed in arid and semi-arid soils of the
tropics and subtropics of the Americas.

MALVACEAE

MALVASTRUM COROMANDELIANUM (L.) Garcke

Rockley Bay, Scarborough, April 19, Elmore U1, roadside, flowers
yellow.

Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.
Sma acuta Burm. .

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V18; in moist shaded soil by ditch.
Flowers orange colored.

Distribution: Widely scattered in tropical and subtropical regions.

PLUMBAGINACEAE
PLUMBAGO SCANDENS L.
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V26.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America.

CONVOLVULACEAE
IPOMOEA POLYANTHES R. & S.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V25, shaded in moist clay soil in a
ditch.

Distribution: Widely distributed in lowlands of tropical America,
type from Martinique, Santo Domingo.

The yellow flowers and congested umbels normally characterize this
species. The present collection is atypical in having but 2 to 4 flowers to
the umbel.

OPERCULINA DISSECTA ( Jacq.) House

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V23; flowers pink with a dark pink

center, collected in moist clay soil in a ditch.

BORAGINACEAE
CorDIA MACROSTACHYA ( Jacq.) R. & S.
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V5; dry, hot sand of upper beach.
Distribution: Southern Mexico to South America and the West
Indies.

18 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

VERBENACEAE
LANTANA INVOLUCRATA L.
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V7; dry sandy soil.
Distribution: West Indies and Central America.
STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSE (L.) Vahl
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V 17; moist shaded roadside.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres.
A widespread weed with blue flowers on long thick spikes. The flowers
are appressed in the grooves of the spike rachis.

LABIATAE

OcIMUM MICRANTHUM Willd.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V21; shaded in moist ditch by ke
roadside.

Distribution: Mexico to Brazil and the West Indies.

A common widespread annual or short-lived perennial.

ACANTHACEAE

APHELANDRA TETRAGONA (Vahl) Nees. sens lat.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V20,; moist shaded roadside.

Distribution: Central America, northern South America, West Indies.

The inflorescence is young and shows a close long tomentum or
pilosity and the margins of the bracts are ciliate.

RUELLIA TUBEROSA L.

Between Buccoo Bay and Scarborough, April 20, Elmore V15,; road-
side in shaded moist forest.

Distribution: Tierra caliente of tropical America, introduced in the
Old World. A low perennial herb, the stems angular and sulcate, flowers
lavender to purple. The size of the plant and the flowers vary considerably
according to environmental conditions.

CUCURBITACEAE
MormorpicA CHARANTIA L,
Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V24; shaded, along moist roadside.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the American tropics, Jalisco to
Brazil and the West Indies.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 19

COMPOSITAE
EUPATORIUM ODORATUM L.

Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V11.

Distribution: Widely scattered in mesophytic habitats of tropical
America.

PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS L.

Scarborough, April 19, Elmore U2; roadside.

Distribution: Tropics and subtropics of the New World, adventive
in the Old World.

VERNONIA CINEREA (L.) Less.

Scarborough, April 19, Elmore U4; along roadside in dry clay soil,
flowers purple. Buccoo Bay, April 20, Elmore V12, in dry clay soil of
grassland.

Distribution: Native of the Old World Tropics, it has become nat-
uralized in some American localities, as in the Panama Canal Zone where
it is a common weed.

PANAMA
CYATHEACEAE
HEMITELIA PETIOLATA Hook.
Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X3, X1; in moist shaded
jungle.
Distribution: Panama.

POLY PODIACEAE

ACROSTICHUM AUREUM L.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore £27; in dry shaded
open forest at 5 feet elevation; April 27, Elmore L46, L47.

Distribution: Tropics of Central America, West Indies, and northern
South America.
ADIANTUM LUCIDUM Swartz

Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X9, X13, X15; in moist
jungle.

Distribution: Central America, West Indies, and Brazil.
ADIANTUM PETIOLATUM Desv.

Roadside near Gamboa, March 31, Elmore I3; in dry open forest at
400 feet elevation.

Distribution: Central America, from Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil,
also in the Australian tropics.

20 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

ADIANTUM TETRAPHYLLUM H. B. Willd.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H27; in moist shaded forest, 400
feet elevation.

Distribution: Tropical America, Mexico to the West Indies, and
Colombia, and Africa.
ASPLENIUM PULCHELLUM Raddi.

Roadside near Gamboa, March 31, Elmore I4; shaded on slope of dry
open forest at 400 feet elevation.

Distribution: Pan-tropics.
BLECENUM OCCIDENTALE L. forma.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H50. Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on
Madden Dam Highway, April 1, Elmore J5.

Distribution: Jalisco, Mexico south to Bolivia and east to the West
Indies.
CYCLOPELTIS SEMICORDATA (Swartz) J. Smith

Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam Highway, April 1,
Elmore J5a, J6. Near Bat Cave on Madden Dam Highway, April 1,
Elmore K1. Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X4; in moist shaded
jungle.

Distribution: American tropics.
Lomariopsis (STENOCHLAENA) VESTITA Fourn.

Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X17, X19; clay soil of moist
jungle.

Distribution: Central America from Honduras to Panama.
PITYROGRAMMA CALOMELANOS (L.) Link

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H26; forest, in moist shaded clay
soil. Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam Highway, April 1,
Elmore J14.

Distribution: Tropical America from southern Mexico to Colombia.
PITYROGRAMMA TARTAREA (Cav.) Maxon

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H49.

Distribution: Central America, Nayarit and Vera Cruz south to
Panama and the West Indies.
PTERIDIUM AQUILINA CAUDATUM (L.) Sadeb.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 27, Elmore L42; “over 8 feet
high.”

Distribution: Panama.
PTERIS GRANDIFOLIA L,

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L9; in dry, open
forest at 10 feet elevation.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 21

Distribution: Central America, West Indies, northern South America,
and also in India.
PTERIS PROPINQUA Ag.

Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X18, in moist clay soil of the
jungle.

Distribution: Mexico to Brazil, West Indies, and Galapagos Islands.
TECTARIA INCISA Cay.

Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam Highway, April 1,
Elmore J4; Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X10, X12; moist
shaded jungle.

Distribution: Central America.

A pubescent form of the species.

SCHIZAEACEAE

LyYGODIUM RADIATUM Prantl
Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X5; in shade of moist jungle.
Distribution: Known from Guatemala to Colombia.
LyGoDIUM VENUSTUM Swartz
Roadside near Gamboa, March 31, Elmore I1; in shade of open forest
at 400 feet elevation. Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H18. Near Bat
Cave on Madden Dam Highway, Elmore K2.
Distribution: Central America, West Indies, Brazil.
“In dense undergrowth but not under trees; climbing and twining.”

LYCOPODIACEAE

LycoPODIUM CERNUM L.

Roadside near Gamboa, March 31, Elmore 12; in shade of open
forest at 400 feet elevation.

Distribution: Pan-tropics.

SELAGINELLACEAE

SELAGINELLA ARTHRITICA Alston

Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam Highway, April 1,
Elmore J2; shaded on moist stream bank. Barro Colorado Island, May 1,
Elmore X16; in moist, shaded clay soil of the jungle.

Distribution: Central America.

22 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

GRAMINEAE
ANDROPOGON GLOMERATUS (Walt.) B. P. S.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3-4, Elmore L4; coralline and
shell in shade on upper beach.

Distribution: Southeastern United States, West Indies, Panama, and
Mexico.

CHLORIS PETREA Swartz

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3-4, Elmore L6; shaded on
level sand of coralline and shell of upper beach.

Distribution: Coastal sandy areas of southeastern United States,
eastern Mexico, West Indies, and Panama.

CHUSQUEA SCANDENS Kunth.?

Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam Highway, April 1,
Elmore J10; shaded on moist sandy clay stream bank in open forest.

Distribution: Central America and West Indies.

Specimens are sterile and cannot be determined with certainty.
ELEUSINE INDICA (L.) Gaertn.

Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam Highway, April 1,
Elmore J1.

Distribution: Common in the warmer regions of both hemispheres.
MUHLENBERGIA EMERSLEYI Vasey.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H33 ; shaded on protected clay slope
in dry hot forest at 50 feet elevation.

Distribution: Mountainous regions of southwestern United States,
south through the mountains of Mexico to Panama.

In southeastern United States and northern Mexico the habitat of this
species is the rocky mountain slopes with well-drained, well-aerated soils
in temperate climates. It seldom occurs below 2,000 feet elevation and in
northern Mexico is more common at 4,000 feet elevation. Hence, the
Panama tropical collection at nearly sea level suggests a plant with differ-
ent tolerances for a different habitat. Close study of the Panama popula-
tion should reveal differences that could be expressed taxonomically.
PANICUM MILLEFLORUM Hitchc. & Chase

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3-4, Elmore L8. Nature Trail
Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam Highway, April 1, Elmore J7; in moist
shaded soil of stream bed in open forest.

Distribution: Central America to Brazil.

PASPALUM PANICULATUM L.

Frijoles, Canal Zone, May 1, Elmore Y4; along railroad.

Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America, the type de-
scribed from Jamaica.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 23

CYPERACEAE
CypErus LuZuLAE (L.) Retz.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L7; shaded in sandy
soil of the upper beach. Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam
Highway, April 1, Elmore J13; shaded in moist sandy soil of a stream
bank, open forest.

Distribution: Widely distributed in the lowlands of tropical America.
CYPERUS ODORATUS L. sens. lat.

Taboga Island, May 2, Elmore Z2; in spring water.

Distribution: Panama, common in the Canal Zone.

FIMBRISTYLIS DICHOTOMA (L.) Vahl

Fimbristylis annua (All.) R. & S.

Frijoles, Canal Zone, May 1, Elmore Y6,; edge of Gatun Lake in mud.

Distribution: From southern Sonora, south through Mexico to
Central America. It has not previously been listed in the flora of Panama.
KILLINGIA PERUVIANA Lam.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 26, Elmore L36.

Distribution: Common along seashores of Central America and
northern South America.

SCLERIA EGGERSIANA Boekl.

Frijoles, Canal Zone, May 1, Elmore Y3; in mud at edge of Gatun

Lake.

ARACEAE

MonstTERA PERTUSA (L.) DeVriese

Taboga Island, May 2, Elmore Z1; in spring.

Distribution: Central America, northern South America, and West
Indies.
PHILODENDRON GRANDIPES Krause

Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X20; shaded in moist clay
soil of the jungle.

Distribution: Known only from the Canal Zone.
PHILODENDRON HoFFMANNII Schott

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H30; climbing trees in moist shaded
forest at 400 feet elevation.

Distribution: Guatemala to Panama.
PHILODENDRON RADIATUM Schott

Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X14; growing on fallen tree
in moist jungle.

Distribution: Mexico and Central America.

Apparently this species; the specimens are sterile.

24 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

BROMELIACEAE
TILLANDSIA BULBOSA Hook.
Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H41; on a tree along the beach.
Distribution: Southern Mexico to northern South America and the
West Indies; the type from Trinidad.

LILIACEAE

PANCRATIUM LITTORALE Jacq.

Hymenocallis americana (L.) Griseb.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L11; at sea level, on
shaded upper beach.

Distribution: Widely distributed from southeastern United States
and through tropical America.

An halophytic bulbous herb with white flowers with an extremely long
tube and long, spangle-tipped corolla margin—the “spider lily.”

AMARYLLIDACEAE

HippEASTRUM PUNICEUM (Lam.) Urb.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H42,; shaded in moist clay soil in a
protected level forest near sea level.

‘Distribution: Panama and South America, cultivated as an ornamental
in Central America and the West Indies.

The large red flowers and deep green leaves make this plant an attrac-
tive ornamental.

MUSACEAE

HELIcoNIA LANKESTERI Standl.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H29; on edges and bottom of small
ravine at 400 feet elevation.

Distribution: Costa Rica and western Panama.

This is an uncommon plant rarely collected. Elmore reports the flowers
as red.
HELICONIA SUBULATA R. & P.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L17; in partial
shade of forest opening, elevation 5 feet.

Distribution: Lowlands, from Guatemala and the Antilles to Brazil
and Bolivia.

——EE

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 25

ZINGIBERACEAE

Costus sPIcATusS Jacq.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L22; in shaded clay
soil of the open forest, flowers yellow.

Distribution: Central America.
RENEALMIA CERNUA (Swartz) Macbr.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L18; shaded in hot
open forest.

Distribution: Tropical forests from Costa Rica to Peru.

ORCHIDACEAE
BRASSAVOLA NODOSA Lindl.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H2,; growing on coconut tree on
upper beach, flowers white.

Distribution: From Mexico through Central America to northern
South America and the West Indies. This orchid is the national flower of
Panama.

LocKHARDIA OERSTEDI Richb. f.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H23,; Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on
Madden Dam Highway, April 1, Elmore J3; on moist, shaded, sandy,
clay, stream bank.

Distribution: Guatemala to Panama.

TRIGONIDIUM EGERTONIANUM Batem

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H48; in a tree at sea level, flowers
greenish yellow tinged with brown.

Distribution: Mexico, British Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.

PIPERACEAE

PIPER TUBERCULATUM Jacq.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 26, Elmore L32, L33; in level
forest in shaded moist clay soil.

Distribution: Vera Cruz and Nayarit through Central America to
South America.

No. £33 differs from No. L32 in having glabrous leaves, otherwise
the two collections agree and fall within the normal variation of this
widespread species.

26 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

OLEACEAE
XIMENIA AMERICANA L,

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H39; at sea level along moist, sandy
beach. “Flowers sweet smelling, cream colored.” Flowers are distinguished
by the dense woolly pubescence on the inner face of the petals.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres and Florida.

AMARANTACEAE

GOMPHRENA DISPERSA Standl.

Frijoles, Canal Zone, May 1, Elmore Y2; along railroad tracks.

Distribution: Central Mexico to Costa Rica and West Indies, adven-
tive in Florida; type from cultivated field, Sierra de Anafe, Pinar del Rio,
Cuba.
GoMPHRENA GLOBOSA L,

Frijoles, Canal Zone, May 1, Elmore Y1; along railroad tracks.

Distribution: Southern Asia and escaped widely in tropical America;
type from India.

CAPPARIDACEAE
CAPPARIS VERRUCOSA Jacq.
‘Taboga Island, May 2, Elmore Z3; rocky clay soil in dry hot forest.
Distribution: Tierra caliente from Mexico to Venezuela.

CRASSULACEAE
BRYOPHYLLUM PINNATUM (Lam.) Kurz.
Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H38; shaded in clay soil on upper
beach.
Distribution: Florida and throughout the West Indies and tropical
American mainland. Naturalized from Asia; type from the Molucca
Islands.

The succulent leaves are viviparous and either simple or pinnate.

ROSACEAE

CHRYSOBALANUS Icaco L.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 27, Elmore L45.

Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America from Mexico to
South America and the West Indies; type from Jamaica. It is also in
Africa.

This is the cocoa-plum or icaco with edible fruit. Standley gives an
interesting account of it (Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, C. N. H. 23: 345,
1922).

No. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 2

LEGUMINOSAE
CAJANUS BICOLOR DC.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H12, H24; in cleared plot of the
jungle, flowers yellow, the back of the banner veined in red-brown.

Distribution: Native of Asia, introduced in tropical America where it
is widely cultivated for its edible beans. It has escaped in many localities.
CasSIA GRANDIS L.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H1.

Distribution: Mexico to the Guianas.

It forms a large tree and when in bloom is made showy by its masses of
pink flowers.

PHASEOLUS ADENANTHUS Meyer

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H5; on upper beach.

Distribution: Widely distributed through lowlands of tropical
America.

A glabrous or puberulent vine with lanceolate leaflets, very unequal
calyx lobes (upper broad and rounded, lower lanceolate, acute), bracts
strongly 9-10-nerved, pale flowers, and rather straight pods 7-8 x100 mm.
Elmore reports the flowers as cream-colored with purple strongly tingeing
the keel below and more lightly so above.

PHASEOLUS GRACILIS Poepp.
Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3-4, Elmore L5; upper beach.
Distribution: Tropical America; the type from Cuba.

SWARTZIA SIMPLEX (Swartz) Spreng.
Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H40; shaded on moist beach.
Distribution: Southern Mexico to Panama and the West Indies.

MALPIGHIACEAE

BANISTERIA CORNIFOLIA (HBK.) Spreng.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H45; in shaded moist sandy soil on
the upper beach.

Distribution: Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Colombia; type from
Ibaque, Colombia.
STIGMATOPHYLLUM ELLIPTICUM (HBK.) Juss.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L2; on coralline and
shell of the upper beach, vine with yellow flowers.

Distribution: Central America.

28 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

POLYGALACEAE
SECURIDACA DIVERSIFOLIA (L.) Blake
Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H17; clay soil in forest clearing at
50 feet elevation, flowers purple.
Distribution: Tamaulipas and Jalisco to Ecuador, and the West
Indies.

EUPHORBIACEAE

ACALYPHA DIVERSIFOLIA Jacq.

Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X7.

Distribution: Central America and South America.

Croizat, who determined the collection, states that the identity cannot
be certain since female flowers are lacking.
EUPHORBIA GLOMERIFERA (Millsp.) Wh.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore £25; in shade of dry
open forest.

Distribution: General in the American tropics.
EUPHORBIA HIRTA TYPICA Wh.

Frijoles, Canal Zone, May 1, Elmore Y7, along railroad.

Distribution: General in the American tropics.
MANIHOT ESCULENTA Crantz

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L20; clay soil of dry,
open forest at 5 feet elevation.

Distribution: Native of Brazil, cultivated in moist tropical regions
and sometimes escapes locally.

ANACARDIACEAE

MANGIFER INDICA L,

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H13,; a single tree observed on an
exposed slope of the forest. The specimen was in flower.

Distribution: Native of Asia but widely cultivated in tropical America
where it has escaped locally, as in the present case.
SPONDIAS PURPUREA L,

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H47, shaded in moist clay soil.

Distribution: Widely distributed in the American tropics and sub-
tropics. In Mexico it is generally known as “‘ciruelo” and the plum-like
fruits are used for making preserves. It flowers and fruits in the spring
dry season.

No. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 29

MALVACEAE
HIBISCUS RORA-SINENSIS L.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H36; shaded in moist sandy soil
of the upper beach among the rocks.

Distribution: Apparently native of China but now widely dispersed
in the tropics and subtropics of the Old and New Worlds both as culti-
vates and as escapes.

Higiscus syriacus L.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H37,; shaded in moist clay soil
along upper beach. Flowers red and white.

Distribution: This is an horticultural form with double corolla.
Originally from Asia, the species is not listed in published floras of Central
America, but it is common in gardens of the temperate zone.

Hipiscus TILIACEus L.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H3; in moist sandy clay soil of the
upper beach.

Distribution: Pan-tropic, probably originating in Asia. It reaches
central Sinaloa on the Mexican west coast.

A shrub or small tree with a rather dense foliage of large round cor-
date leaves. While common on the coastal dunes, it is rarely found inland.
Elmore reports the flowers as yellow.

MALVAVISCUS ARBOREUS Cay.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H7,; shaded in moist sandy soil on
the upper beach.

Distribution: Tropical America from Sinaloa to Colombia; type from
Mexico.

SipA AcUTA Burm.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L26; shaded in open
forest in clay soil.

Distribution: Nearly throughout tropical and subtropical Americas.
Urena Lozata L.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H14; in moist clay soil in open
forest. Flowers pink with a darker pink center.

Distribution: Central America and northern South America. A com-
mon tropical weed with fruits like Triumfetta and flowers suggesting
A yenia.

30 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

STERCULIACEAE
MELOCHIA LUPULINA Swartz
Nature Trail at Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam Highway, April 1,
Elmore J8,; on moist shaded stream bank in open forest.
Distribution: Widespread in tropical America.
A shrubby herb with accrescent calyces. The petals are white with a
yellow spot.

OCHNACEAE
Ouratia WricHTu (Van Tiegh) Riley
Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H44; shaded in moist sandy soil of
the upper beach.
Distribution: Honduras to Panama.
A shrub or tree up to 5 meters high. The fruits are attached to a fleshy
receptacle. Elmore reports the receptacle red, the fruits black.

COCHLOSPERMACEAE

CocHLOSPERMUM VITIFOLIUM ( Willd.) Spreng.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H16,; moist clay soil in open forest.

Distribution: From Mexico to South America, cultivated in the West
Indies.

This is a widespread tree in the more arid deciduous tropical forests.
Its northern limit appears to be in southern Sonora on the Mexican west
coast. It is leafless at flowering time in the spring when its large yellow
blossoms enhance the light gray bark and make it altogether a striking
plant. The seeds bear an aril of glossy fibers similar to that of the kapok
trees of the genus Ceiba.

PASSIFLORACEAE
PASSIFLORA VITIFOLIA HBK.
Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L15; shaded in
opening of dry forest, flowers red.
Distribution: Nicaragua to Peru, cultivated in the West Indies; type
from along the Magdalena River, near E] Pefion, Colombia.

CACTACEAE
PERESKIA BLEO (HBK.) DC.
Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L34.

Distribution: Panama to Colombia.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 31

Shrub or tree up to 7 meters high, the branches rather thick and
variously spiny.
WITTIA PANAMENSIS Brit. & Rose

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 26, Elmore L40; in forest.

Distribution: Panama to Colombia and Venezuela; type from the
mountains above Chepo, Panama.

Epiphytic with flat succulent stems 4-7 cm wide, 20-40 cm long,
crenate, unarmed, from a slender elliptic main stem 1-1.5 cm wide.

LECYTHIDACEAE

GUSTAVEA RHODANTHA Standley

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L23, L28,; shaded
in clay soil of open forest at sea level.

Distribution: Panama.

This is a member of the brazil nut family, which is represented by this
and several other species in Panama and Costa Rica. The family reaches
its greatest development in Brazil.

MYRTACEAE
EUGENIA JAMBOs L.
Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore £21; in light dry
open forest at nearly sea level.
Distribution: Native of southeastern Asia, naturalized in many locali-
ties in the American tropics.

MELASTOMACEAE
MICONIA ARGENTEA (Sw.) DC.
Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X6; in moist shady jungle.
Distribution: Southern Mexico to Panama, type from the Mosquito
Coast.

ONAGRACEAE
JUSSIAEA SUFFRUTACOSA L.
Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L12 ; shaded in moist
clay soil of the open forest at 10 feet elevation.
Distribtuion: Widely distributed in the American tropics and sub-
tropics.

32 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

GENTIANACEAE
SCHULTESIA LISIANTHOIDES (Griseb.) B. & H.
Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H20; in dense undergrowth at 100
feet elevation, but not under trees.
Distribution: Guatemala to Venezuela.
An herb with pink flowers resembling species of Centaurium and re-
ported as common in wastelands.

APOCYNACEAE
ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA L.

Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X2; planted on lawn in front
of house. Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H19,; shaded in dry forest
undergrowth.

Distribution: Central America and the West Indies; widely cultivated
as an ornamental.

‘TABERNAEMONTANA CORONARIA R. Br.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H46, shaded in moist clay soil,
forest, elevation 5 feet.

Distribution: Widely cultivated in tropical America, escaped locally ;
native of Asia.

CONVOLVULACEAE

IPOMOEA POLYANTHES R. & S.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H25; in jungle clearing, flowers
yellow.

Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America; type from
Martinique, Santo Domingo, Jamaica.
IPOMOEA TRICHOCARPA El.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H6; shaded in moist sandy soil on
upper beach.

Distribution: Tropical America, southern United States, type from
California.

A twining vine with pink flowers.
JACQUEMONTIA PENTANTHA ( Jacq.) Don

Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on Madden Dam Highway, April 1,
Elmore J15 ; shaded in moist sandy clay soil on stream bank in open forest.

Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 33

Maripa PANAMENSIS Hemsl.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 4, Elmore L13; coralline and
shell in open forest, flowers pink.

Distribution: Endemic to Panama.

VERBENACEAE
PETREA VOLUBILIS L.
Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L41,; forest.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical America.

LABIATAE
SALVIA OCCIDENTALIS Swartz
Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H9; clay soil in forest clearing.
Distribution: Widespread in the American tropics.
Small erect weedy herb with blue flowers and viscid calyces that adhere
to other objects.

SOLANACEAE
SOLANUM SCABRUM Vahl
Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H8,; at sea level on the upper beach
in moist shaded sandy soil.
Distribution: Tierra caliente of Central America, West Indies, and
northern South America. A scandent shrub with light purple flowers
common through the lowlands.

SCROPHULARIACEAE
SCoPARIA DULCIS L.
Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L14; open forest
at 10 feet elevation.
Distribution: Pan-tropic.

BIGNONIACEAE

ENALLAGMA CUCURBITINA (L.) Baill.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L1, in coralline and
shell sand of the upper beach, elevation 3 feet.

Distribution: Panama.
TABEBUIA PALUSTRIS Hemsl.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H43; edge of the forest in moist
sandy soil of the upper beach.

34 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Distribution: Known only from the type locality, ‘swamps of the Rio
Grande,” Panama.

Small tree with white flowers. Leaflets two, 10x7.5 cm to 8x4 cm,
broadly ovate, acuminate, broadly rounded at base, coarsely white pubes-
cent below, sparsely so above; calyx narrowly campanulate, 8 mm high,
the lobes obsolete, coarsely white pubescent; corolla minutely lepidote-
scabrous, ca. 4 cm long. Apparently a rare plant.

ACANTHACEAE
APHELANDRA DeEpPEANA Schlecht. & Cham.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H15,; in warm moist clay soil of
level open forest, elevation 15 feet.

Distribution: New World tropics; type locality, Hacienda de la
Laguna, Vera Cruz.

The leaves are non-scabrous above, contrary to what is reported as
usual in the species. The young leaves are sparsely strigillose, the older
glabrous.

BLECHUM PYRAMIDATUM (Lam.) Urban

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H11,; Nature Trail Camp No. 1 on
Madden Dam Highway, February 1, Elmore J12, in clay soil in level
forest clearing, and on moist stream bank, flowers blue.

Distribution: From mid-Sinaloa south it is widely distributed in the
American tropics.

JUSTICIA PECTORALIS Jacq.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H10,; in shaded clay soil in level
forest clearing.

Distribution: A wasteland herb of tropical America and the West
Indies.

Elmore reports the flowers as lavender. In appearance it closely re-
sembles some of the Carlowrightia.

STAUROGYNE REPENS (Nees) Kuntze

Frijoles, Canal Zone, May 1, Elmore Y8; along railroad.

Distribution: Nicaragua and Panama.

This number is an annual polypodial herb, viscid pubescent with con-
gested fruiting spikes bearing obovate, shortly acuminate ciliate, reddish
purple bracts. It is doubtfully referred to this species.

NO. 6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS 35

RUBIACEAE

HaAMELIA Noposa Mart. & Gal.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 4, Elmore L10; sandy soil of
coralline and shell, shaded in open forest, flowers red.

Distribution: Mexico to Panama.
Mortinpa Royoc L.

Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 3, Elmore L3; on coralline
and shell of the upper beach in shade.

Distribution: Central America.

COMPOSITAE

VERNONIA CANESCENS HBK.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H34; in the shade of dry hot forest.
Flowers white. Barro Colorado Island, May 1, Elmore X8.

Distribution: Mostly in the tierra caliente from southern Mexico
south through Central America to northern South America; type from
Guanacamba, Peru.
WEDELIA TRILOBATA (L.) Hitche.

Bahia Honda, March 28, Elmore H4,; in shaded moist sandy soil of
the upper beach. Caledonia Harbor, Mt. Vernon, April 26, Elmore L37.

Distribution: Widely distributed along the seashores of tropical
America.

36 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

LITERATURE CITED

BoLpIncH, I.

1913. Flora voor de Nederlansch West-Indisch Eilanden. Koloniaal Inst.
Amsterdam, pp. i-xx, 1-450.

1914. Flora of Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire, v. 2 of Flora of the Dutch West
Indies Islands, pp. vii-xiv, 1-197, 10 pls.

GarTH, JOHN S.

1945. Geographical Account and Station Records of the Valero III in Atlantic
Waters, 1939. Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition Rep. No. 1, pp. 1-106,
pls. 1-28, charts 1-10.

JOHNSTON, JOHN R.
1909. Flora of Margarita Island. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 34: 163-312.

Putte, A. A.
1932-39. Flora of Surinam. Kon. Vert. Koloniaal Inst. Amsterdam. Incomplete
series.

SANDWICH, N. Y.

1938. Contributions to the Flora of Tropical America. Notes on the Flora of
Tobago. Kew Bull. No. 9, pp. 353-383.

‘TRELEASE, W.
1913. Agave in the West Indies. Nat. Acad. Sci. Mem. v. XI, pp. 1-300,
pls. A-E, 1-116; figs. 1-7.
URBAN, I.
1902-03. Symbolae Antillanae. Fundamenta Florae Indiae Occidentalis. III.

38

Bigs 1:

ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

PLATE 1

Interior of Cubagua Island, Venezuela, showing April aspect of the
xerophytic vegetation.

No.6 GENTRY: LAND PLANTS Piel

40) ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

PAGE 2

Fig. 2. Bahia Honda, Panama. Littoral vegetation still heavy with green
leaf in March.

Fig. 3. Detail of the vegetation in Bahia Honda. In the foreground are
arborescent mesophytes with medium to broad leaves; in the back-
ground a tall tree (probably Cochlospermum vitifolium) nearly leaf-
less with hanging nests of a tropical oriole.

N

PL.

LAND PLANTS

NTRY :

rE

C

NO. 6

INDEX

Allan Hancock Foundation Publications of The University of Southern California,
Atlantic Cruise, Report 6. Illustrations face the pages in boldface.

Acacia Farnesiana, 6 Ceiba, 30

tortuosa, 15 Cenchrus pilosus, 9
Acalypha diversifolia, 28 Centaurium, 32
Acanthaceae, 4, 14, 18, 34 Chenopodiaceae, 10

Chloris petrea, 22
Chrysobalanus Icaco, 26
Chusquea Pittieri, 15

cf. scandens, 15, 22
tetrophyllum, 20 Clerodendron fragrans, 14

Agave Boldinghiana, 6 Cnidosculus urens, 4
Aizoaceae, 4, 8, 10 Coccoloba Uvifera, 15

Allamanda cathartica, 32 Cochlospermaceae, 14, 30

Allionia incarnata, 10 Cochlospermum, vitifolium, 14, 30, 40
Alternanthera canescens, 10 Combretaceae, 9

Amarantaceae, 10, 26 Commeliniaceae, 13

Acrostichum aureum, 19

Adiantum bessoniae, 11
lucidum, 19
petiolatum, 19

Amaryllidaceae, 6, 24 Commicarpus scandens, 6

Amherstia nobilis, 13 Compositae, 4, 8, 19, 35

Anacardiaceae, 8, 16, 28 Conocarpus erectus, 9

Anacardium occidentale, 16 Convolvulaceae, 7, 11, 17, 32

Andropogon glomeratus, 22 Cordia macrostachya, 17

Anthurium cf. Bakeri, 12 Costus spicatus, 25
Hookeri, 12 Crassulaceae, 26

Croton rhamnifolius, 7
Cucurbitaceae, 18
Cyatheacea, 19

Aphelandra Deppeana, 34
tetragona, 18

Apocynaceae, 32 Cyclopeltis semicordata, 20
Araceae, 12, 23. Cyperaceae, 4, 12, 15, 23
Aristida setifolia, 6 Cyperus ligularis, 15
Aristilochiaceae, 13 Luzulae, 23
Aristolochia elegans, 13 odoratus, 23
Asclepiadaceae, 5 polystachyos, 12
Asplenium pulchellum, 20 Cyrtomium falcatum, 11
Atriplex pentandra, 10 Dichromena ciliata, 15
Ayenia, 29 Dodonea viscosa, 17
Banisteria cornifolia, 27 Dryopteris ampla, 12
Bignoniaceae, 33 Eleocharis mutata, 15
Blechnum occidentale, 20 Eleusine indica, 22
pyramidatum, 34 Enallagma cucurbitina, 33
Boraginaceae, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 17 Epidendrum fragrans, 12
Borreria verticillata, 14 Erithalis fructicosa, 7, 9
Brassavola nodosa, 25 Erythroxylaceae, 16
Bromeliaceae, 24 Erythroxylon carthagenense, 16
Bryophyllum pinnatum, 26 cumanense, 16
Cactaceae, 4, 5, 9, 11, 30 Eugenia jambos, 31
Cactus intortus, 5, 9, Eupatorium odoratum, 19
Cajanus bicolor, 27 Euphorbia buxifolia, 4
Calotropis procera, 5 glomerifera, 16, 28
Campanulaceae, 14 hirta typica, 28
Capparidaceae, 26 Euphorbiaceae, 4, 7, 11, 16, 28
Capparis verrucosa, 26 Evolvulus alsinoides, 11
Carlowrightia, 34 Fimbristylis annua, 23
Cassia Fistula, 13 dichotoma, 23
grandis, 27 ferruginea, 15
Castela Nicholsoni, 8, 10 Gentianaceae, 32

[43]

44 INDEX

Gesneriaceae, 14 Mormordica Charantia, 18
Gomphrena dispersa, 26 Muhlenbergia Emersleyi, 22
globosa, 26 Musaceae, 24
Gossypium barbadense, 8 Myristicaceae, 13
Gramineae, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 22 Myristica fragrans, 13
Gundlachia corymbosa, 8 Myrtaceae, 31
Gustavea rhodantha, 31 Nyctaginaceae, 6, 10
Hamelia nodosa, 35 Ochnaceae, 30
Heliconia Lankesteri, 24 Ocimum micranthum, 18
subulata, 24 Oleaceae, 26
Heliotropium angiospermum, 7, 9 Onagraceae, 31
curassavicum, 11 Operculina dissecta, 17
Hemitelia petiolata, 19 Opuntia Tuna, 5, 11
Hibiscus rora-sinensis, 29 var. cubaguensis, 11
syriacus, 29 Orchidaceae, 4, 12, 25
tiliaceus, 29 Ouratia Wrightii, 30
Hippobroma longiflora, 14 Palmae, 13
Hippeastrum puniceum, 24 Panicum milleflorum, 22
Hippomona Mancinella, 16 Pancratium littorale, 24
Hymenocallis americana, 24 Parthenium hysterophorus, 19
Hypoderris brownii, 12 Paspalum paniculatum, 22
Hydrophyllaceae, 4 Passiflora vitifolia, 30
Hymenocollis americana, 24 Passifloraceae, 30
Ipomoea polyanthes, 17, 32 Pereskia Bleo, 30
rubra, 7 Petrea volubilis, 33
trichocarpa, 32 Pharus latifolius, 12
Isocarpha oppositiifolia, 8 Phaseolus adenanthus, 27
Jacquemontia pentantha, 32 gracilis, 27
Jacquinea barbasco, 9 Philodendron grandipes, 23
Jatropha gossypiifolia, 4, 7, 11 Hoffmannii, 23
Justica pectoralis, 34 radiatum, 23
Jussiaea suffrutacosa, 31 Phytelephas macrocarpa, 13
Killinga peruviana, 23 Piperaceae, 25
Labiatae, 18, 33 Piper tuberculatum, 25
Lantana involucrata, 18 Pithecolobium dulce, 15
Lecythidaceae, 31 Pityrogamma calomelanos, 20
Leguminosae, 6, 13, 15, 27 tartarea, 20
Leptothrium rigidum, 9 Plumbaginaceae, 17
Liliaceae, 24 Plumbago scandens, 17
Lockhardia Oerstedii, 25 Polygalaceae, 28
Lomariopsis (Stenochlaena) vestita, 20 Polygonaceae, 13, 15
Lycopodiaceae, 21 Polypodiaceae, 11, 19
Lycopodium cernum, 21 Polypodium phyllitidis, 12
Lygodium radiatum, 21 Prosopis juliflora, 6
venustum, 21 Pteridium aquilina caudatum, 20
Malpighiaceae, 27 Pteridophytes, 4
Malvaceae, 4, 8, 13, 17, 29 Pteris grandifolia, 20
Malvaviscus arboreus, 29 propinqua, 21
Malvastrum coromandelianum, 17 Renealmia cernua, 25
Manihot esculenta, 28 Rosaceae, 26
Mangifer indica, 28 Rubiaceae, 6, 7, 9, 14, 35
Maripa panamensis, 33 Ruellia tuberosa, 18
Melastomaceae, 31 Salvia occidentalis, 33
Melochia lupulina, 30 Sapindaceae, 17
Messerschmidia gnaphalodes, 5 Schizaeaceae, 21
Miconia argentea, 31 Schultesia lisianthoides, 32
Monstera pertusa, 23 Scleria eggersiana, 23

Morinda Royoc, 6, 35 Scoparia dulcis, 5, 33

INDEX 45

Scrophulariaceae, 5, 33
Securidaca diversifolia, 28
Selaginellaceae, 21
Selaginella arthritica, 21
Sesuvium portulacastrum, 4, 8
Sida acuta, 13, 17, 29
Simaroubaceae, 8, 10
Solanaceae, 14, 33
Solanum scabrum, 33
seaforthianum, 14
Spathiphyllum cannifolium, 12
Spondias purpurea, 8, 28
Sporobolus Poirettii, 15
pyramidatus, 8, 10
Stachytarpheta jamaicense, 18
Staurogyne repens, 34
Sterculiaceae, 30
Stigmatophyllum ellipticum, 27
Swartzia simplex, 27
Tabebuia palustris, 33
Tabernaemontana coronaria, 32

Tectaria incisa, 21
Theophrastaceae, 9
Thunbergia alata, 14
Tillandsia bulbosa, 24
Tournefortia gnaphalodes, 5
Trianthema portulacastrum, 10
Tribulus terrestris, 10
Trigonidium Egertonianum, 25
Triumfetta, 29
Triplaris surinamensis, 13
Tussacia pulchella, 14
Urena Lobata, 29
Verbenaceae, 14, 18, 33
Vernonia canescens, 35
cinerea, 19
Viviparae, 6
Wedelia trilobata, 35
Wittia panamensis, 31
Ximenia americana, 26
Zebrina pendula, 13
Zingiberaceae, 25
Zygophyllaceae, 10

GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX

Africa, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 20, 26

America, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15,
16s 17, 18, 19),20; 21/2223; 245.26,
275 28, 29, 30, 31, 32; 33,34, 35,

Antigua, 8, 10

Antilles, 24

Argentina, 12

Asia, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31,
32

Arizona, 6

Aruba Island, 2, 3, 4

Australia, 19

Bahia Honda, 2, 3, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40

Barro Colorado, 1, 3, 19, 20, 21, 23, 28,
31,32, 35

Bolivia, 20, 24

Bonaire, 6

Brazil, 6, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24,
28, 31

British Guiana, 12

British Honduras, 25

British West Indies, 1, 3, 11, 15

Buccoo Bay, 3, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

Caledonia Harbor, 3, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35

California, 16, 32

Canal Zone, 3, 22, 23, 26, 28, 34

Caribbean, 1, 7, 9, 15

Central America, 6, 7, 13, 15, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33,
35

Chepo, 31

China, 29

Coche, 1, 2, 10

Colombia, 6, 9, 10, 20, 21, 27, 29, 30, 31

Coramandel, 16

Costa Ricay 125 15924 255 26.027...

Cuba, 10, 26, 27

Cubagua Island, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 38

Curacao, 2, 3, 6, 8

Dutch West Indies, 1

Ecuador, 12, 19, 28

El Pefion, 30

Florida, 5, 10, 12, 16, 26

Fort Nassau, 3, 6, 7, 8

Frijoles, 3, 22, 23, 26, 28, 34

Galapagos Islands, 21

Gamboa, 3, 19, 20, 21

Gatun Lake, 23

Guanacamba, 35

Guatemala, 12, 21, 23, 24, 25, 32

Guianas, 13, 27

Honduras, 20, 30

Ibaque, 27

India; 113; 21,26

Jalisco, 16, 18, 20, 28

Jamaica, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 22, 26, 32

Leeward Islands, 6

Madden Dan, 3, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30,
32, 34

Magdalena, 30

Martinique, 17, 32

Margarita, 1, 10

46 INDEX

Mexico, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30, 31, 35

Molucca Islands, 13, 26

Mosquito Coast, 31

Mt. Vernon, 3, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35

Nayarit 20, 25

Netherlands West Indies, 3, 4, 6

Nicaragua, 25, 27, 30, 34

Panama, 152; 3,714, 19; 20).225 235924.
25527930. 31. 33, 34, 35

Panama Canal Zone, 1, 19, 23

Pitch Lake, 3, 12, 13, 14

Peru, 6, 12, 25, 30, 35

Pinar del Rio, 26

Port of Spain, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 14

Rio Grande, 34

Rockley Bay, 17

St. Croix, 8

San Nicolaas, 3, 4, 5, 6

Santo Domingo, 6, 17, 32

Scarborough, 3, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

Schottegat Bay, 3, 6, 7, 8

Sierra de Anafe, 26

Sinaloa, 29, 34

Sonora, 23, 30

South America, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16,
17,48, 19, 21,23; 24,)25,,285029 45.05
33539

Taboga Island, 2, 3, 23, 26

Tamaulipas, 28

Texas, 6, 8

Tobago Island, 2, 3, 15, 16

Tortuga Island, 2, 3, 8, 9

Trinidad, 1,2, 3; 11,12, 24

United States, 10, 22, 32

Venezuela; 1, 2, 3; 6, 8, 95 12, 16;°26; 31;
32, 38

Vera Cruz, 20, 25, 34

West Indies, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,20; 2122523"
24, 25, 26, 27; 28, 30, 32, 33, 34

Willemstad, 3, 6, 7, 8

Yucatan, 12

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