ta oe pes . Py ala?s. vee ery ' on . te i. ; anes . yeemerrit % ' , vers 2 a “. ‘ . r vee . ¥ > a¥ vs . . fen eg te Be =n wen + . Prt on a ‘ aP% ’ » beowe tee 4 : ons - a * rut rene Pa he t a yh p i; . tag oie . ‘ es . revo , "i Caan “- Sega See ; . ae a 43 wer <4 we ’ wee use - 8 Ps S Abie a ben 4 , 2 thee eee . shee F . as > rues Y ‘ A si . . are aa . A. 4 A “ i < y i F teh s buss ae 4 : . ea . »™ St stor ve ek ct PAL Ah te a at eae Me o . - m . ae hee Pevtition “© St ee eee oe 3 wees e ‘ i pach & ek aL ee te ttaceaes ot Line . eS i Per a Fs wakes eas Pe ? coro moore " ry : * te * fy : sy 4s wat a beacty SP Be whee SUPE we “ . . ‘ 2 vb tee . . Saar sete me 1 £ige Tf. ana r Mae eae a * SO ’ bdenen Aas pS cent tees 4 Pye gone SR Pee me * Pete Lovey Mhae 4 ‘ sun . . - : he “ ‘ a 4 $ shes . . ory 5 Oe is . Sets . : oe . ’ thy Ori ane a * Aghes wa fp 950 f hOEESOO TOEO O WI IOHM/18IN ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION * REPORT NUMBER 9 0 ph Senet nal e \ STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA FROM THE ATLANTIC COAST OF NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA BY RAYMOND B. MANNING UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1961 STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA FROM THE ATLANTIC COAST OF NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA Pirates 1-11 BY RAYMOND B. MANNING THE MARINE LABORATORY UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI CONTRIBUTION NO. 304 FROM THE MARINE LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI, MIAMI 49, FLORIDA THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ALLAN Hancock ATLANTIC ExPEDITION REPORT NUMBER 9 IssuUED JUNE 28, 1961 Price $1.25 THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA CON DEN Ls Introduction Zoogeographic Notes Explanations and Acknowledgements Key to the Western Atlantic genera of Crustacea Stomatopoda . Genus Parasquilla, new genus . Parasquilla meridionalis, new species . Genus Squilla Fabricius, 1787 . Squilla quadridens Bigelow, 1893 Squilla schmitti Lemos de Castro, 1955 Squilla rugosa Bigelow, 1893 Squilla empusa Say, 1818 Squilla edentata (Lunz, 1937) Squilla lijdingi Holthuis, 1959 Squilla obtusa Holthuis, 1959 . Genus Lysiosquilla Dana, 1852 Lysiosquilla hancocki, new species Lysiosquilla antillensis, new species Genus Pseudosquilla Dana, 1852 Pseudosquilla ciliata (Fabricius, 1787) . Genus Gonodactylus Latreille, 1825 Gonodactylus spinulosus Schmitt, 1924 . Gonodactylus oerstedii Hansen, 1895 Literature Cited — = — — . Sete ee eee Oe NS Pel Awash Ss Diagrammatic sketches of Sguilla, illustrating Terms used in the Descriptions Parasquilla meridionalis, new genus, new species . Squilla quadridens Bigelow ; Squilla schmitti Lemos de Castro . Squilla rugosa Bigelow; Squilla empusa Say Squilla edentata (Lunz) Squilla lijdingi Holthuis Squilla obtusa Holthuis . Lysiosquilla hancocki, new species Lysiosquilla antillensis, new species Diagrammatic Illustration of a Gonodactylus telson, showing Terms used in the Descriptions Pseudosquilla ciliata (Fabricius); Gonodactylus spinulosus Schmitt; Gonodactylus oerstedit Hansen 40 42 STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA BROMS THE ATVANTIC, COAST OF NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA By RayMonpD B. MANNING INTRODUCTION The stomatopod fauna of most areas in the western Atlantic is very poorly known; that of the Atlantic coast of northern South America is the least known of all. Records from this area are spotty and few, as pointed out by Holthuis (1959). His report on the stomatopods of Suri- name and an earlier paper by Lemos de Castro (1955) on the stomato- pods of Brazil are the only two papers dealing specifically with the group in South American waters. Holthuis dealt with 6 species and ‘Lemos de Castro listed 13, yet Holthuis found none of the Brazilian species in Suriname. In 1939 the Allan Hancock Foundation vessel VELERO III, under the direction of Captain Hancock, made a short cruise to the Atlantic coast of Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela. Until then, virtually no marine collections had been made in this area. ‘The cruise was planned to provide comparative information on the faunas on either side of the isthmus of Panama. Garth (1945) gave an account of the cruise and the station records. It was originally intended that the present report include only the material collected by the Hancock Expedition, which was taken pri- marily from inshore areas. However, it was felt that addition of the offshore material taken by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service vessel OREGON off Brazil and the Guianas in 1957-58 would beneficially round out the report so that most species known from Panama to northern Brazil could be included. ‘The keys have been devised to cover all of the species previously reported from northern South America. Those not covered by the present report are bracketed in the keys, and locality in South America and sources of the records follow the species names. ZOOGEOGRAPHIC NOTES The stomatopod fauna of the Atlantic coast of northern South America is far richer than previously believed. The collections herein [1] Z, ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT reported bring the total number of species to 24, about two-thirds of the number of species now known from the entire western Atlantic. Manning (1959) reported only 19 species from the Gulf of Mexico, an area that has had much more intensive collecting than South America. The geographic relationship of the 24 species from northern South America is summarized in Table 1, and the close ties of this fauna to that of the Caribbean Sea in general and the Gulf of Mexico can easily be seen. It is not surprising that the stomatopod fauna decreases sharply south of Recife, on the eastern coast of Brazil, for stomatopods are characteristically tropical and sub-tropical organisms; a similar de- crease in species is encountered to the north, where the stomatopod fauna drops off sharply north of Florida. WABLE WI. Numbers of species of stomatopods from Northern South America also occurring in other areas. Data, in part, from Lemos de Castro (1955), Manning (1959), and Schmitt (1940). Northern Brazil, Carib- Gulf Eastern Eastern South south of bean of United Pacific America Recife Sea Mexico States Squilla 13 + 7 i 8 1 Parasquilla 1 eae si ee: ahs ae Pseudosquilla 2 ia 2 1 2 1 Lysiosquilla + 1 Z 2 2 a Gonodactylus 3 1 2 1 1 1 Odontodactylus 1 a 1 1 at ae TOTAL 24 6 14 12 13 3 Although only three species are shared by the eastern Pacific region and northern South America, this is not really indicative of the close relationship of the stomatopods of the two areas. There are at least 16 pairs of analagous species on either side of the isthmus of Panama (Table 2). Complete comparisons of these faunas would be highly de- sirable. NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 3 TABLE 2, Analagous species of stomatopods on either side of the isthmus of Panama. Three tropical species, Squilla dubia Milne-Ed- wards, Pseudosquilla oculata (Brulle), Gonodactylus oerstedu Hansen, and two cold temperate species, Sqguilla armata Milne- Edwards and Lysiosquilla polydactyla von Martens, have been recorded on both sides of the Americas (Schmitt, 1940). ATLANTIC PACIFIC “Squilla quadridens Bigelow S. polita Bigelow Squilla tricarinata Holthuis S. swetti Schmitt Squilla alba Bigelow S. hildebrandi Schmitt Squilla brasiliensis Calman S. bigelowi Schmitt Squilla empusa Say S. aculeata Bigelow Squilla rugosa Bigelow S. hancocki Schmitt Squilla lijdingi Holthuis S. tiburonensis Schmitt Squilla edentata (Lunz) S. biformis Bigelow Squilla intermedia Bigelow S. panamensis Bigelow Squilla obtusa Holthuis S. parva Bigelow Pseudosquilla plumata (Bigelow) P. veleronis Schmitt Hemisquilla braziliensis (Moreira) H. stylifera (Milne-Edwards) Lysiosquilla grayi Chace L. decemspinosa Rathbun Lysiosquilla scabricauda (Lamarck) L. maculata (Fabricius) Lysiosquilla biminiensis Bigelow L. digueti Coutiére Gonodactylus spinulosus Schmitt G. festae Nobili EXPLANATIONS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the following account, short descriptions are given for most of the species, except for new or poorly known forms which are described in some detail. Some general terms used in the descriptions and keys are illustrated in Plate 1. Synonymies are complete unless otherwise stated; for the most part, synonymies and accounts of the species are restricted to adults only. Total length is measured from the apex of the rostral plate to the tips of the submedian spines of the telson. Other length measurements are made along the midline, and width measure- ments are made at the widest point. The count for the teeth of the rap- torial dactylus always includes the terminal tooth. An abdominal spine formula of submedian, 6; intermediate, 5-6; lateral, 5-6; marginal, 1-5; indicates that the submedian carinae terminate in spines on the sixth abdominal somite only, the intermediate carinae terminate in ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT CARAPACE AND ROSTRUM Rostrum or rostral plate Anterior lateral angle of carapace Anterior bifurcated portion of median carina Marginal Lateral CARINAE Intermediate Gastric Groove Cervical Sroove Posterior reflected part of marginal carina EXPOSED THORACIC SOMITES Lateral processes of fifth thoracic somite Median Submedian CARINAE Intermediate FIRST ABDOMINAL SOMITE lateral Marginal FIFTH AND SIXTH ABDOMINAL SOMITES Median Submedian Intermediate Lateral Marginal Lateral TWELSON Pre-lateral lobe or angle Median carina } CARINAE CARINAE Lateral ern TEETH Submedian Lateral Intermediate DENTICLES Submedian No. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 5 spines on the fifth and sixth, and so on. A denticular formula of 1-3, (4)5-7(8), 1 indicates that there are one to three submedian denticles, four to eight, usually 5-7, intermediate denticles, and one lateral den- ticle. The generic key is largely that of Schmitt (1940). The specific keys include all of the species heretofore reported between Panama and Recife, Brazil. One species reported from southern Brazil by Lemos de Castro (1955) (Lysiosquilla excavatrix Brooks) is also known from the southern United States but has not been been collected from inter- mediate areas and this species is not included in the keys. The initials AHF (Allan Hancock Foundation), UMML (The Ma- rine Laboratory, University of Miami), or USNM (U.S. National Mu- seum) after each lot of material indicate where that material will be deposited. In the “material examined” sections under each species, stations such as “A 14-39” are Allan Hancock Foundation stations. “A” refers to the Atlantic stations, and “‘-39” indicates the year. I am indebted to Dr. John S. Garth of the Hancock Foundation for placing the stomatopod material of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedi- tion at my disposal; Harvey R. Bullis, Jr., Base Director, South Atlan- tic Exploration and Gear Research, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for making available material collected by the U.S.F.W.S. research ves- sels; Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Curator, Division of Marine Inverte- brates, U. S. National Museum, for supplying comparative material, for providing working space at Washington, and for his comments on the manuscript; Dr. L. B. Holthuis, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, for his comments on several systematic problems; Dr. Gilbert L. Voss, Curator of Marine Invertebrates, The Marine Lab- oratory, University of Miami, for reviewing the manuscript. This work was carried out with the support of the National Science Foundation, under Grant No. G-11235, and constitutes a technical report to that organization. Plate 1. Diagrammatic sketches of Squzlla, illustrating terms used in the descrip- tions (from Schmitt, 1940). ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT KEY TO THE WESTERN ATLANTIC GENERA OF CRUSTACEA STOMATOPODA . Ischiomeral articulation of raptorial claw terminal; merus of rap- torial claw grooved inferiorly throughout its length for the recep- tion of the propodus; dactylus not inflated at base é Ischiomeral articulation of raptorial claw not terminal, Bed anterior to proximal end of merus; merus grooved for not more than three-fourths of its length for reception of propodus; dac- tylus inflated at base rt hie ee i . Carapace usually with well- oe carinae; first a biden somites with longitudinal carinae , Carapace without carinae; first five longitudinal somites ee carinae , : Hi ae . Basal Cee nan of ey on atl: spines, the outer ae the longest; at most two intermediate denticles on telson; rap- torial dactylus armed with three teeth. . Parasquilla, n. gen. Basal prolongation of uropod with two spines, the inner much the longer; more than three intermediate denticles on telson; rap- torial dactylus armed with four or moreteeth. . . .Squilla . Abdomen depressed, noticeably flattened; telson without definite median carina; submedian teeth of telson, if movable, arising from submarginal (ventral) surface. . . . Lysiosquilla Abdomen compressed, rarely noticeably flattened; telson with well-marked median carina and additional longitudinal carinae on its dorsal surface; submedian marginal teeth of telson with mov- ABLE TENDS: be0)) peat Mlicats ils dul Meds bee lorcet es : : . Raptorial dactylus armed on its inner margin, pee with fe Or foun teeth se) ye) Sy eh 3 \& . «. Psendosquilla Raptorial dactylus armed only as terminal tooth . : Sie 2 ges meee ences og ree ede PERM ay Tes [H. Etta ; Roseal dactylus unarmed except for terminal tooth : oy alesse ae mk Hirsi ae Genodactylus Boseerel dactylus armed ee six or more teeth .. oily ae ge | CARR EEE Ne es ten mnt sa menet etre iO anorectal NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA Zt The genera Hemisquilla and Odontodactylus, each known from a single species in the western Atlantic, are not represented in the col- lections herein reported. H. braziliensis (Moreira, 1903) is known only from southern Brazil, in the waters off Rio de Janeiro (Lemos de Castro, 1955). O. havanensis (Bigelow, 1893) was reported from Curacao by Rathbun (1919) and Holthuis (1941) and has a wide horizontal and vertical distribution, from the Bahamas and the Gulf of Mexico to Curacao, in 0-163 fms (Manning, 1959). Genus Parasquilla, new genus Diagnosis: Dorsal surface of body roughened; rostral plate with a wide longitudinal groove on anterior half; antennal protopod with one ventral papilla; carapace rounded anterolaterally and posterolaterally, reflected marginal carinae present on posterior third only; cervical groove distinct across dorsum of carapace; last three exposed thoracic somites with submedian and intermediate carinae; sixth and seventh thoracic somites with a distinct lateral process; epipods present on first five thoracic appendages; mandibular palp present; raptorial claw short, heavy, dactylus armed with three teeth; propodus grooved for reception of dactylus, with three movable spines on inner, proximal margin, and a row of pectinations on upper margin; dorsal ridge of carpus with two strong teeth; merus grooved inferiorly throughout its length; inner branch of walking legs strap-shaped, two-segmented ; first five abdominal somites with nine longitudinal carinae; six carinae on sixth abdominal somite; telson without prelateral lobes, with six strong posterior teeth, the apices of the submedian teeth movable; four to nine, usually nine, minute movable submedian denticles, two fixed intermediate denticles, and one lateral one; dorsal surface of telson with a sharp crest, flanked on either side by a converging row of pits; dorsal carinae, in addition to the carinae of the marginal spines, may be present; basal prolongation of uropod produced into three subequal teeth, the outer much the longest. The name Parasquilla means “beside Squilla,”’ and is derived from the Greek para meaning “‘beside” or “wrong in,” and the generic name Squilla, from the Latin scilla and Greek skilla, meaning shrimp. ‘The gender of the generic name is feminine. Type species: Parasquilla meridionalis, new species. 8 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Parasquilla meridionalis, new species Plate 2. Holotype: OREGON Sta. 2249 ; 07°40’N, 57°34’W ; north of Brit- ish Guiana; August 31, 1958; 30/27 fms; 12; USNM 105989. Paratypes: OREGON Sta. 2267; 06°58’N, 56°02’W;; north of Suriname ; September 2, 1958; 25 fms; 1¢ ; USNM 105990. OREGON Sta. 2052 ; 04°03’N, 50°25’W ; west of Cabo Cacipore, Brazil ; Novem- ber, 13, 1957-50 tms:/1'o- UNMML 32-1171. Measurements: The holotype is 92.2 mm in total length; the two paratypes are 91.0 and 99.4 mm in total length. Other measurements, holotype, in mm: carapace length, 23.2; length rostral plate, 2.8; width rostral plate, 5.5; length telson, 16.0; width telson, 16.3. Other meas- urements, ¢ paratype, OREGON Sta. 2267, in mm: carapace length, 22.1; length rostral plate, 2.6; width rostral plate, 5.7; length telson, 15.0; width telson, 15.8. Description: Dorsal surface of all portions of body minutely pitted and corroded. Eyes large, cornea bilobed, with large mesial lobe and smaller lat- eral lobe; eyes not extending to articulation of first and second seg- ments of antennular peduncle. Rostral plate deflexed, almost twice as broad as long, with a prom- inent longitudinal median groove in anterior half; rostrum completely covering base of eyes and dorsal processes of antennular and ophthal- mic somites; lateral margins concave, anterolateral angles rounded; anterior margins converging at rounded, obtuse apex. Antennular peduncle over one-half median length of carapace. An- tennal protopodite with one ventral papilla. Carapace without carinae except for marginals; marginals promi- nent posteriorly and recurving dorsally, extending to the cervical groove; cervical and gastric grooves present, with cervical groove dis- tinct but reduced across dorsum of carapace; a distinct tubercle, just Plate 2. Parasquilla meridionalis, new genus, new species. Fig. 1. Female holotype, OREGON Sta. 2249, north of British Guiana, dorsal view, x1.5. Fig. 2. Male paratype, OREGON Sta. 2267, north of Suriname, rostral plate, x4. Fig. 3. Female holotype, raptorial claw, x1.5. Fig. 4. Female holotype, submedian denticles of telson, x4. MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 10 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT anterior to cervical groove, located lateral to each gastric groove; a median tubercle present on posterior margin; lateral lobes of cara- pace swollen, convex, with swelling diminishing posteriorly; antero- lateral angles rounded, anterior margin concave; posterolateral angles broadly rounded, posterior margin strongly concave; anterolateral width about one-half median length, posterolateral width over three- fourths median length. Epipods present on first five thoracic appendages. Mandibular palp present, three-segmented. Dactylus of raptorial claw armed with three short teeth, outer, prox- imal margin faintly angled; propodus widening distally, with three movable teeth on inner, proximal margin, and a row of pectinations on outer margin; dorsal ridge of carpus with two subacute processes, neither spined; raptorial claw, when folded, extending posteriorly to cervical groove. Exposed thoracic somites with traces of a median carina on the eighth and reduced submedian carinae on the sixth to eighth; inter- mediate carinae prominent, not spined; lateral processes of fifth so- mite blunt, inconspicuous; lateral process of sixth thoracic somite rounded anteriorly, sub-truncate posteriorly; that of the seventh rounded laterally and posteriorly; inner branches of walking legs two- segmented. Abdomen noticeably depressed, with nine carinae on each of the first five somites, six on the last; the following abdominal carinae end in spines; submedian, 6; intermediate, 5; lateral, 6; marginal, (3) 4-5, Median carina of second to fifth somites notched ; submedian cari- nae sinuous, not prominent, if notched, only on second somite; inter- mediate carinae prominent, notched anteriorly on second to fifth somite and reduced on sixth; lateral carinae short, reduced, interrupted an- teriorly, extending dorsoventrally rather than parallel to body line; an immovable spine present ventrally on sixth somite in front of articu- lation of uropod. Telson slightly wider than long, greatest width posterior to base; sharp dorsal crest present, obscurely notched anteriorly, terminating in a sharp spine; a row of pits either side of crest terminating under ter- minal spine; lateral carinae and two short submedian carinae present; posterior margin with six sharp spines, submedian pair with movable tips; 4-9 (usually 9) minute, movable, submedian denticles, and two intermediate and one lateral denticle. NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 11 Basal prolongation of uropod with three spines, outer longest, ex- tending almost to distal margin of outer branch of uropod; median spine extending to distal margin of penultimate segment of uropod; inner spine extending to level of apex of lateral tooth, and armed with a row of tubercles on inner margin; ultimate segment of outer branch about two-thirds length of penultimate; outer margin of penultimate segment with 7-10 (usually 9), graded, movable spines, last spine ex- tending past midpoint of ultimate segment. Discussion: This species is closely related to the endemic Mediter- ranean species, Pseudosquilla ferussaci (Roux), which is here trans- ferred to Parasquilla. Both P. ferussaci and P. meridionalis share characters which place them in an intermediate position between Pseudo- squilla and Squilla. The short carinae on the carapace, cervical groove across the dorsum of the carapace, and longitudinal carinae of the abdo- men are characteristic of Squilla. Although the telson and uropods of Parasquilla resemble those found in Pseudosquilla, no other species of the latter genus possesses the minute, movable submedian denticles of the telson. Both Miers (1880) and Kemp (1913) felt that P. ferussaci was more closely related to Pseudosquilla than to Squilla. Since the time of Kemp’s 1913 monograph of Indo-Pacific stoma- topods, students of this group have been very cautious about erecting new genera for various species that seemed to fit none of the recognized genera. Hansen’s Coronidopsis described in 1926 was the only excep- tion, and that is the only genus to be described as new since before the turn of the century. Consequently, Kemp’s generic diagnoses have been emended in several respects, and the genera as he saw them, notably Pseudosquilla and Lysiosquilla, have become ‘“‘catch-baskets” for several species of indeterminate position. For example, Chace (1958) com- mented upon the heterogeneity of Lysiosquilla, and Chopra (1939) dis- cussed the position of his Lysiosguilla sewelli, showing that it combined the characters of several genera, including Lysiosquilla and Pseudo- - squilla. In my opinion, several new genera are needed to express more clearly the interrelationships of the stomatopods, and Parasquilla is one of these. The name meridionalis is derived from the Latin, meridies, and refers to the geographic proximity of the species to the prime meridian. Remarks: The color of this species is as follows: dorsal surface of carapace, exposed thoracic somites, and abdomen, light brown. Pos- 12 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT terolateral angles of carapace, lateral borders of each somite, and lat- eral margins of telson dark brown, almost metallic. Posterior margin of telson orange-red. Uropod with movable spines, ultimate segment of outer branch, and inner branch red. The notches of the abdominal carinae are red. Genus Squilla Fabricius, 1787 Seventeen species of Sqguilla are now known from the western At- lantic, and 13 of these have been reported from northern South Amer- ica. Iwo species, S. armata H. Milne-Edwards, 1837, and S. brasiliensis Calman, are found south of Cabo Frio, Brazil, and the former is prob- ably restricted to the Magellanic area in the southwestern Atlantic. Two other species, S. heptacantha (Chace, 1939) and S. intermedia Bige- low, 1893, are not known south of Cuba (Manning, 1959) in the west- ern Atlantic, although Ingle (1960) reported S. intermedia from West Africa, greatly extending its range. Nine of the 13 species from northern South America have exten- sive ranges, at least from Florida to the Guianas, and three are known only from South America (S. lijdingi, S. surinamica, and 8S. tricari- nata). 8. obtusa is known from Puerto Rico, the Guianas and Trinidad. Key To SPEcIEs OF Squilla From THE ATLANTIC Coast oF NoRTHERN SOUTH AMERICA 1. No median carina on carapace anterior to level of cervical groove; raptorial dactylus armed with fourteeth . . . 2 A sharp median carina on carapace anterior to level of esa groove; raptorial dactylus with more than four teeth. . . 4 2. Submedian carinae of telson extending forward to base of ter- minal spine of crest . . . «© «¢ . gudariaens Submedian carinae of telson extending forward almost to base GLdCresthey oui ; rer ee 3. Telson with four rere carinae ty to each submedian carina. [S. tricarinata Holthuis, 1941; Santa Marta, Colombia] Telson without additional carinae lateral to each submedian CaAtina Ste tas clin” el psy re ae nO NCTE OURS NO. 4. 10. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA Lateral process of fifth thoracic somite, in dorsal view, made up of two lobes, a rounded posterior one and an acute, forwardly curved anterior one; two rounded lobes present between the two spines of basal prolongation of uropod . [S. alba Bigelow, 1893 ; Ge: Sees 1924] Lateral process of fifth thoracic somite, in dorsal view, made up of one lobe, usually acute and curved forward; at most one rounded lobe between the two spines of basal prolongation of uropod . Eyestalks dilated, ‘eualty ee oe to cornea; epi- pods on first three thoracic limbs only . [S. dubia H. Milne-Edwards, 1837; Bates Sehraie 1940: Venezuela, Rodriguez, 1959; Brazil, Lemos de Castro, 1955] Eyestalks subtriangular, widest at cornea. More than three pairs of epipods present . Epipods present on first four eee betes See Perc tal claw armed with five teeth only . . . [S. prasinolineata Dana, 1852; Brazil, Lemos de Castro, 1955] Epipods present on first five thoracic appendages; raptorial claw armed with five or six teeth, usually six . Raptorial claw armed with five teeth; dee a6 ueenE [S. neglecta Gibbes, 1850; Brazil, Lemos de Castro, 1955] Raptorial claw armed with six teeth; mandibular palp present . Dorsal surface of telson with carinae in addition to carinae of marginal spines; posterior margin of fifth and sixth abdominal somites with supplementary spinules . . . . S.rugosa Dorsal surface of telson with carinae of marginal spines only; no supplementary spinules on owl ee of fifth and sixth abdominal somites . Median carina of carapace tiered anterior to aaeen “ff No bifurcation of median carina of carapace anterior to dorsal pit ‘ ; Outer margin of eal asauns sinuate ; ieeal process of fifth thoracic somite acute, curved forward; denticles 3-4, 6-9, a eee ho a Ni as a athe ars) Senate 13 zone 14 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Outer margin of dactylus a simple curve; lateral process of fifth thoracic acute, sickle-shaped ; denticles 3-10, 12-16, 1 5 . S. edentata 11. Teer ee spitti ee carina on anterior third; cornea of eye only slightly broader than stalk , [S. surinamica Holthuis, 1959; Sukie Rose plate smooth, without median carina; eye T-shaped, cor- nea much broader than stalk . . . ei cc ee yee ae 12. Lateral processes of fifth and sixth thoracic somites acute pos- teriorly; rostral plate subquadrate . . . . S:. lijdingi Lateral processes of fifth and sixth thoracic somites rounded posteriorly; rostral plate elongate-triangular . . S. obtusa Squilla quadridens Bigelow, 1893 Plate 3, figs. 1, 2. Squilla quadridens Bigelow, 1893, p. 101; Bigelow, 1894, p. 511; Holthuis, 1941, p. 32; Holthuis, 1959, p. 189, pl. 1X, fig. 6; Man- ning, 1959, p. 20 (part). Previous records: Biscayne Bay, Florida, (Manning, 1959); off Key Largo, Florida, (Bigelow, 1893) ; northeast Gulf of Mexico, (Manning, 1959) ; Gairaca, Santa Marta, Colombia (Holthuis, 1941) ; off Suriname (Holthuis, 1959). Sublittoral to 56 fms. The specimen reported by Manning (1959) from Englewood Beach, Florida, is S. schmitti Lemos de Castro. Material examined: A14-39; 2 mi. S.W. of Cape la Vela, Colombia; April 8, 1939; 22 fms; 288,12 (one damaged) (AHF; USNM). OREGON Sta. 2249; 07°40’N, 57°34°W;; north of British Guiana; August 31, 1958; 30/27 fms; 16 (USNM). Measurements: Males, 29.8 to 33.4 mm, total length; female, 24.5 mm, total length. Description: Eyes large, triangular, corneal and peduncular axes subequal; cornea placed obliquely on stalk; lateral margins of rostral plate tapering anteriorly to rounded apex; carapace without carinae | except for posterior fourth of laterals and reflected portions of — marginals; raptorial dactylus armed with four teeth; four epipods | NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA ihe) present; mandibular palp absent; lateral process of fifth thoracic somite a sharp spine directed laterally, straight or slightly curved or an obtuse lobe, directed obliquely forward; lateral processes of sixth and seventh thoracic somites faintly emarginate anteriorly, rounded pos- teriorly; submedian carinae present only on sixth abdominal somite; other abdominal carinez sharp, prominent, spined as follows: submed- ian, 6; intermediate, 5-6; lateral, 5-6; marginal, (4)-5; telson with sharp crest ending in a posterior spine; only submedian spines of tel- son carinate, the carinae extending forward to base of terminal spine of crest; submedian spines with movable tips; prelateral lobes absent; denticles 4-6, 8-9, 1; uropodal outer branch with 5 graded, movable spines on outer margin, the last extending to midpoint of ultimate seg- ment; basal prolongation of uropods with 2-6, usually 3-4, immovable spines on inner margin of inner spine. Discussion: This small species is closely related to S. schmitti Lemos de Castro and S. ¢ricarinata Holthuis from which it differs in having short submedian carinae on the telson. S. polita Bigelow is the Eastern Pacific analogue of S. guadridens. Remarks: The present material extends the range of this species in northern South America from Suriname to British Guiana and Colom- bia. The male from OREGON Sta. 2249 has the margins of the telson and the carinae of the sixth abdominal somite noticeably swollen; this is probably a sexual character. The shape of the lateral process of the fifth thoracic somite varies in the present material. In the type, from Florida, and the OREGON specimen, the process, in anterior view, is a thin, elongate, sharp spine. In the Colombia material, the process, in anterior view, is rounded, not acute laterally. The difference may be a specific character, but the ma- terial from the two locations shows no other important differences. The color of this species is as follows: a broad transverse band of dark color extends across the posterior fourth of the carapace; there is a rectangular patch of dark color on the dorsum of the second abdom- inal somite; a short line of dark color is found on the last three thoracic and each abdominal somite at the intermediate carinae, and the line on the sixth abdominal somite is longer than on the anterior ones; there is a dark spot at each end of the median carina of telson; the inner branch and the distal segment of the outer branch of the uropods are lined with dark chromatophores. 16 Plate 3. ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Squilla quadridens Bigelow Fig. 1. Male, A14-39, 2 mi. S. W. of Cape la Vela, Colombia, lateral processes of fifth, sixth, and seventh thoracic somites, x11.6. Fig. 2. Same, sixth abdominal somite, and telson and left uropod, x11.6. Squilla schmitti Lemos de Castro Fig. 3. Female, A14-39, 2 mi. S. W. of Cape la Vela, Colombia, lateral processes of fifth, sixth, and seventh thoracic somites, x11.6. Fig. 4. Same, sixth abdominal somite, telson, and left uropod, x11.6. NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 7 Squilla schmitti Lemos de Castro, 1955 Plate 3, figs. 3-4. Squilla schmitti Lemos de Castro, 1955, p. 8, text-figs. 5-8, pl. I, figs. 32-33. Squilla quadridens, Manning, 1959, p. 20 (part); [non Squilla quad- ridens Bigelow, 1893, p. 101]. Previous records: Rio de Janeiro Bay, Brazil (Lemos de Castro, 1955) ; Englewood Beach, Florida (as S. quadridens Bigelow; Manning, 1959). Littoral. Material examined: A14-39; 2 mi. S.W. of Cape la Vela, Colombia; April 8, 1939; 22 fms; 222 (one fragmented) (AHF). Measurements: Female, 26.2 mm, total length. Description: Eyes large, triangular, corneal and peduncular axes subequal, cornea placed obliquely on stalk; rostral plate subtriangular ; carapace without carinae except for reflected marginals and posterior fourth of laterals; raptorial dactylus armed with four teeth; four epipods present ; mandibular palp absent; lateral process of fifth thoracic somite an obtuse lobe, rounded laterally, vertical axis directed obliquely forward ; lateral processes of sixth and seventh thoracic somites rounded laterally, that of the seventh less convex and wider; submedian carinae present on sixth abdominal somite only; other abdominal carinae pres- ent, spined as follows: submedian, 6; intermediate, 5-6; lateral, 5-6; marginal, 5; telson with sharp crest ending in a posterior spine; carinae of submedian spines extending forward to base of crest; no other carinae present dorsally on telson; submedian spines with movable tips; prelateral lobes absent; denticles 4-6, 8-9, 1; uropodal outer branch with 6 movable, graded spines, the last extending to midpoint of ultimate segment; basal prolongation of uropods with 5-8 immovable spines on inner margin of inner spine. Discussion: This species differs from S. quadridens in having long submedian carinae on the telson and in lacking the short intermediate carinae of the carapace. S. schmitti has but two dorsal carinae on the telson, differing from S. tricarinata which has eight carinae in addition to the two long submedians. Alima lebouri, described by Gurney (1946, p. 137, figs. 1-3) from Bermuda, is probably this species, as the post-larval specimen reported by him agrees in most respects with the present material. Gurney’s larva had but two epipods as opposed to the four found in the adult. Because of the small number of epipods, Gurney felt that his material 18 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT was distinct from 8. guadridens, of which a post-larval specimen was figured by Bigelow (1894, p. 547, fig. 27) who showed five epipods; Bigelow’s figure may be in error, as the adult has but four epipods. However, two post-larval specimens of S. guadridens in the U. S. Na- tional Museum have only two epipods; the specimens are 11.9 mm (USNM 21482) and 12.4 mm (USNM 21483) in total length. A third specimen (USNM 96403) 14.2 mm in total length, has the full comple- ment of four epipods. Gurney’s post-larvae measured 12-14 mm in total length, so it is possible that the remainder of the epipods would be added during subsequent molts. It is also possible that 4. /ebouri is the post-larva of S. tricarinata, which also has four epipods and long submedian carinae on the telson. Although the adult S. tricarinata has 8 supplementary carinae on the dorsal surface of the telson, Schmitt (1940, p. 162) pointed out that juveniles of S. hancocki did not possess additional carinae on the telson, although this was a characteristic feature of the adults. For this reason, A. lebouri cannot be assigned to either species until more of the inter- mediate larval stages are known. Although Lemos de Castro (1955, p. 10) could find no traces of movable tips on the submedian teeth of the telson, the tips are clearly movable in the present material. Remarks: The present material shows no distinctive color pattern. This species had not been reported outside of Brazil; the Colombia and Florida material extends the range considerably to the north and west. Squilla rugosa Bigelow, 1893 Plate 4, figs. 1-3. Squilla rugosa Bigelow, 1893, p. 102; Bigelow, 1894, p. 541, figs. 23, 24; Boone, 1927, p. 7; Chace, 1954, p. 449; Holthuis, 1959, p. 174, pl. VIII, figs. 1-2; Manning, 1959, p. 20. Chloridella rugosa var. pinensis Lunz, 1937, p. 12, text-fig. 6. Squilla rugosa pinensis, Manning, 1959, p. 20 (part). Previous records: Alabama (Archer, 1948); Gulf of Mexico, east and west coasts of Florida, Little Bahama Bank, Cuba, north of British Guiana (Manning, 1959); off Suriname (Holthuis, 1959; Manning, 1959). NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 19 Material examined: OREGON Sta. 2244; 08°912’N, 58°21’W;; north of British Guiana; August 31, 1958; 31/39 fms; 14 (UMML). OREGON Sta. 2249; 07°40’N, 57°34’W; north of British Guiana; August 31, 1958; 30/27 fms; 226,922 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2250; 07°38’N, 57°34/W;; north of Suriname; August 3151958 = 27/26 ims;:26.6, 22:2 (USNM): OREGON Sta. 2261 ; 07920’N, 56°49°W ; north of Suriname; Septem- ber 1, 1958; 33 fms; 12 (UMML). OREGON Sta. 2262; 07°18’N, 56°49’W;; north of Suriname; Sep- tember 1, 1958; 33/30 fms;24 8,52? (UMML). OREGON Sta. 2267 ; 06°58’N, 56°02’W ; north of Suriname; Septem- ber Z, 1958; 25 fms; 766,222 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2276; 06°42’N, 55°37’W ; north of Suriname; Septem- ber 3, 1958; 23/22 fms; 16 (USNM). Measurements: Males, 58.3 to 101.5 mm, total length; females, 82.7 to 114.3 mm, total length. Description: Eyes large, bilobed; rostral plate elongate, without Carinae; median carina of carapace indistinct anteriorly, not bifur- cate; anterolateral spines of carapace not extending to rostral base; raptorial claw large, dactylus armed with six teeth, outer margin of dactylus a simple curve; five epipods present; mandibular palp pres- ent; lateral process of fifth thoracic somite convex anteriorly, directed laterally; lateral processes of sixth and seventh thoracic somites con- vex, apices acute, directed posteriorly; an inconspicuous tubercle pres- ent anteriorly on the process of the sixth somite; submedian carinae present on last three thoracic and all abdominal somites; abdominal carinae sharp, spined as follows: submedian, 5-6; intermediate, (2)3-6; lateral, 1-6; marginal, 1-5; posterior margin of fifth abdominal somite with 0-4 accessory spinules between the submedian and intermediate carinae; sixth abdominal somite with 0-5 accessory spinules; telson without prelateral lobes, with 10 supplementary carinae, some com- plete, some broken, either side of crest; denticular formula 4-6, (7-8) 9- 11, 1; basal prolongation of uropod with (7-8)9-12(13) fixed spines on inner margin of inner spine; 7-8 movable spines on outer margin of penultimate segment of outer branch. Discussion: As suggested by Holthuis (1959), S. rugosa pinensis is not distinct from S. rugosa. The specimen from East Florida re- ported by Manning (1959) under the subspecies is an undescribed spe- cies. 20 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT S. rugosa is closely allied to S. hancocki Schmitt, 1940, from the eastern Pacific; the latter species has definite prelateral lobes on the tel- son, lacks the accessory spinules on the last two abdominal somites, and has a forwardly-curved spine on the lateral process of the fifth thoracic somite. Remarks: The color pattern is quite distinctive. There is a black line on the anterodistal fourth of the antennal scale. The merus of the raptorial claw has a dark line across its distal end. There is a black line posterolaterally on the eighth thoracic somite, and a black rectangular patch on the dorsum of the second and fifth abdominal somite; the lat- ter also has posterolateral spots. ‘he median portion of each abdominal somite is outlined in black. There is a broad, median patch of black on the posterior half of the telson, and the distal portion of the inner branch as well as the last segment of the outer branch of the uropods are black. Squilla empusa Say, 1818 Plate 4, figs. 4-5. Restricted synonymy: Squilla empusa Say, 1818, p. 250; Holthuis, 1941, p. 31 (part) ; Hol- thuis, 1959, p. 177, text-fig. 76a, pl. VIII, figs. 3-4; Manning, 1959, p. 19. Previous records: Massachusetts to Campeche Bank, Trinidad, French Guiana (Manning, 1959) ; Margarita Island, Venezuela (Holthuis, 1959) ; Suriname (Holthuis, 1959; Manning, 1959). 0 to 84 fms. Material examined: OREGON Sta. 2208; 09°55’N, 60°53’W ; southeast of Trinidad; Au- Plate 4. Squilla rugosa Bigelow Fig. 1. Male, OREGON Sta. 2267, north of Suriname, anterior portion of carapace and rostral plate, x6. Fig. 2. Same, lateral processes of fifth, sixth, and seventh thoracic somites, x6. Fig. 3. Male, Dry Tortugas, Florida, sixth abdominal somite, telson and right uropod, x1.7. Squilla empusa Say Fig. 4. Female, OREGON Sta. 2279, north of Suriname, lateral processes of fifth, sixth, and seventh thoracic somites, x5. Fig. 5. Same, anterior portion of carapace and rostral plate, x5. NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 22 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT gust 26, 1958; 34/35 fms;4¢6 6,12 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2209; 09°45’N, 60°47’W ; southeast of Trinidad; Au- gust 26, 1958; 20/22 fms; 12 (UMML). OREGON Sta. 2279; 06°20’N, 55°34’W ; north of Suriname ; Septem- ber 3, 1958; 14/7 fms; 366, 12 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2327; 06°26’N, 54°20’W ; north of Suriname ; Septem- ber 15, 1958; 17 fms; 1¢, 222 (UMML). Measurements: Males, 75.4 to 130.2 mm, total length; females, 80.0 to 143.0 mm, total length. Description: Eyes large, bilobed; rostral plate subquadrate, with short median carina on anterior half; bifurcation of median carina of carapace open for at least 4/5 the distance from the dorsal pit to the anterior margin; anterolateral spines of carapace occasionally extend- ing to rostral base; outer margin of raptorial dactylus sinuate, inner margin armed with six teeth; mandibular palp present; five epipods present ; lateral process of fifth thoracic somite sharp, acute, curved for- ward; lateral processes of sixth and seventh thoracic somites acute, di- rected posteriorly, each with a small anterior tubercle; submedian cari- nae present on last three thoracic and all abdominal somites; abdomi- nal carinae spined as follows: submedian, (4) 5-6; intermediate, (2-3) 4-6; lateral, 1-6; marginal, 1-5; telson with six strong marginal spines, prelateral lobe present ; denticles 3-4, 6-9, 1. Remarks: The color is as follows: last three thoracic and first five abdominal somites with a dark line along posterior margin; second ab- dominal somite with a median rectangular dark patch; bases of sub- median teeth of telson dark; distal half of penultimate segment and proximal half of ultimate segment of uropodal exopod dark; distal half of inner branch of uropod also dark. Squilla edentata (Lunz, 1937) Plate 5 Squilla intermedia Bigelow, 1893, p. 102 (part; Gulf of Mexico spe- cimen only) ; Bigelow, 1894, p. 530, fig. 19 (part; Gulf of Mexico specimen only) ; Chace, 1954, p. 449 (part; Gulf of Mexico spe- cimen only) ; Manning, 1959, p. 19 (part). Chloridella edentata Lunz, 1937, p. 14, figs. 7-10. Squilla edentata, Chace, 1954, p. 449; Manning, 1959, p. 19. NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 23 Plate 5. Squilla edentata (Lunz) Fig. 1. Male, OREGON Sta. 1983, north of British Guiana, anterior por- tion of carapace and rostral plate, x3.3. Fig. 2. Same, lateral processes of fifth, sixth, and seventh thoracic somites, x3.3. Fig. 3. Male (different specimen), OREGON Sta. 1983, sixth abdominal somite, telson and right uropod, x1. Fig. 4. Female, same, telson, x1. 24 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Previous records: Off Pensacola, Florida (Lunz, 1937): the following records were listed by Manning (1959) as S. intermedia: Gulf of Mexico, SILVER BAY Sta. 182 and 8 OREGON Stats.; Caribbean Sea (ORE- GON Sta. 1883); north of British Guiana (OREGON Sta. 1983) ; north of Suriname (OREGON Stats. 2285, 2286, 2288) ; north of French Guiana (OREGON Sta. 2295). 95 to 200 fms. Material examined: OREGON Sta. 2351; 11°31’N, 62°24’W ; northwest of Trinidad ; Sep- tember 23, 1958; 200/185 fms; 16 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 1983; 09°53’N, 59°53’W;; north of British Guiana; November 3, 1957; 125 fms; 1¢, 322 (UMML). OREGON Sta. 1985; 09°41’N, 59°47’W; north of British Guiana; November 3, 1957; 150 fms; 16, 22? 2 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2285; 07°27’N, 54°54’W ; north of Suriname; Septem- ber 8, 1958; 135/150 fms; 2¢¢ (UMML). OREGON Sta. 2286; 07°26’N, 54°49’W ; north of Suriname; Septem- ber 8, 1958; 105/120 fms; 4¢ 6 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2288 ; 07°26’N, 54°40’W ; north of Suriname; Septem- ber 8, 1958; 95 fms; 444,422 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2295; 07°27’N, 53°47’W;; north of French Guiana; September 9, 1958; 120/125 fms; 446 (UMML). OREGON Sta. 2021; 07°18’N, 53°22’W; north of French Guiana; November 8, 1957; 100 fms; 14 (USNM). Measurements: Males, 81.9 to 137.7 mm, total length; females, 60.6 to 147.5 mm, total length. Description: Eyes very large, cornea set obliquely on stalk; ocular plates rounded dorsally; rostral plate subtriangular, apex rounded, sharp median carina on anterior half; median carina of carapace bifurcated anterior to dorsal pit, distance from dorsal pit to bifurcation less than distance from bifurcation to anterior margin; anterolateral spines of carapace falling short of rostral base; lateral margins of cara- pace strongly angled posteriorly; mandibular palp present; five epi- pods present; raptorial claw large, dactylus armed with six teeth; dor- sal ridge of raptorial carpus with two teeth; lateral process of fifth thoracic somite sharp, sickle-shaped; lateral processes of next two so- mites with a small anterior lobule and larger posterior lobe, acute, di- rected laterally; submedian and intermediate carinae present on last No. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 25 three thoracic and all abdominal somites; abdominal carinae spined as follows: submedian, 5-6; intermediate, (1)2-6; lateral, 1-6; marginal, 1-5; telson with six strong posterior teeth, prelateral lobes well-defined ; denticles small, denticular formula (3)4-6(7-10), (12) 13-16, 1; outer submedian denticle the largest, rounded; margins of telson much swol- len in adult male, swellings interrupted at teeth; post-anal keel present ; uropods with 6-8 graded, movable spines on outer margin of penultimate segment of outer branch, the last not reaching midpoint of ultimate segment. Discussion: This species is very closely related to S. intermedia, differing from it in the following characters: the cornea is compara- tively smaller; the ocular plates are rounded dorsally; on the median carina of the carapace, the distance from the dorsal pit to the anterior bifurcation is less than the distance from the bifurcation to the anterior margin; the outer submedian denticle is larger than the others, and is rounded. The type is a juvenile, and thus appeared to have but one large sub- median denticle. Bigelow’s description of S. intermedia in 1893 and 1894 was based on two specimens, a male from the Gulf of Mexico and a female from the Bahamas. The Bahama female (USNM 11543) is here selected as the lectotype of S. intermedia. The Gulf of Mexico male described and figured by Bigelow is actually S. edentata (Lunz, 1937). The name intermedia could be applied to either species, as Bigelow had material of both at the time of his description. However, since the name edentata is available for the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean species, it should be applied to that species, and intermedia should be retained for the dis- tinct form outside of the Caribbean. Remarks: 8. edentata is found in somewhat shallower water than S. intermedia, which has been taken as deep as 338 fms (lectotype, USNM 11543). Also, S. edentata extends from the northern Gulf of Mexico, through the Caribbean Sea, to French Guiana on the northern coast of South America, while S. intermedia is known only from east of Florida to north of Cuba (Manning, 1959) and from West Africa (Ingle, 1960). The color of the material has completely faded. Unfortunately, the color pattern of neither S. intermedia nor S. edentata has been de- scribed. 26 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Squilla lijdingi Holthuis, 1959 Plate 6 Squilla lijdingi Holthuis, 1959, p. 181, text-figs. 76 b-d, pl. IX, figs. 1-2. Squilla brasiliensis, Manning, 1959, p. 18 (part); [non Squilla brasi- liensis Calman, 1917, p. 139, figs. 1-3]. Previous records: Off Trinidad (OREGON Sta. 2207), Venezuela, British Guiana and Suriname (as S. brasiliensis, Manning, 1959) ; Suriname (Holthuis, 1959). Material examined: OREGON Sta. 2207; 09°58’N, 61°11’W;; south of Trinidad; August 26,1953)" 20/22 fms 16 "CU MMT): OREGON Sta. 2226; 08°32’N, 59°05’W; north of British Guiana; August 28, 1958; 28/33 fms; 42 2 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2231; 08°32’N, 58°42’W; north of British Guiana; August 29, 1958; 45/48 fms; 1¢, 12 (UMML). OREGON Sta. 2228; 08°30’N, 58°56’W;; north of British Guiana; August 28, 1958; 37 fms; 16, 92 2 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2250; 07°38’N, 57°34/W;; north of British Guiana; August 31, 1958; 27/26 fms; 24 ¢ (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2276; 06°42’N, 55°37’W ; north of Suriname; Septem- ber 3, 1958; 23/22 fms; 12 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2272 ; 06°30’N, 55°52’W;; north of Suriname; Septem- ber 3, 1958; 17 fms; 16 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2327; 06°26’N, 54°20’W; north of Suriname; Septem- ber ld; 19585007 tims5 2id.6, 52.2 (COME EE): OREGON Sta. 2306; 05°58’N, 52°24’W; north of French Guiana; September 11, 1958; 30/31 fms; 12 (UMML). OREGON Sta. 2307A+B; 05°56-57’N, 52°20’W; north of French Guiana ; September 11, 1958; 31/28 fms; 84 6,522 (USNM). Measurements: Males, 42.3 to 91.7 mm, total length; females, 44.3 to 97.3 mm, total length. Description: Eyes large, cornea elongate; rostral plate squarish, without median carina; median carina of carapace not bifurcate an- teriorly ; anterolateral spine of carapace not extending past rostral base; raptorial dactylus with six teeth, outer margin a simple curve; mandib- ular palp present; five epipods present; lateral process of fifth thoracic No. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 27 3 Plate 6. Squilla lijdingi Holthuis Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Male, OREGON Sta. 2307 A-+-+B, north of French Guiana, an- terior portion of carapace and rostral plate, x6.3. Same, lateral processes of fifth, sixth, and seventh thoracic somites, x6.3. Same, sixth abdominal somite and telson, x6.3. 28 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT somite acute, curved forward; lateral process of sixth thoracic somite bilobed, anterior lobe rounded, posterior lobe acute, directed poster- iorly; lateral process of seventh thoracic somite with anterior lobe broader, less prominent than on the sixth; abdominal carinae spined as follows: submedian, (4) 5-6; intermediate, (2) 3-6; lateral, 1-6; marginal, 1-5; telson with prelateral lobe; denticles 2-3, 8-10, 1; outer submedian denticle the largest; 7-8 movable spines on outer margin of penultimate segment of uropodal outer branch. Discussion: Until Holthuis’ description of S. lijdingi in 1959, ma- terial of this species was placed in S. brasiliensis by several workers, including myself. Holthuis pointed out the differences between the two species. S. brasiliensis has not yet been reported north of Cabo Frio, Brazil, while S. lijdingi is now known from the area between French Guiana and Trinidad. The Gulf of Mexico material reported as S. brasiliensis by Springer and Bullis (1956) and Manning (1959) is an undescribed species. Remarks: The present material extends the depth range of this species from 55 meters (Holthuis, 1959) to 45/48 fms. It occurs as shallow as 3 fms on mud and shell bottom. One female, 46.9 mm, total length, from OREGON Sta. 2307 A + B, held a loosely cemented egg-mass between her third and fourth thoracic appendages. The eggs were .25-.30 mm in diameter, and were in an early stage of development. The color of this species is as follows: posterior margin of carapace, last three thoracic, and first five abdominal somites lined posteriorly with dark pigment; second abdominal somite with a median dorsal rectangular black patch; telson with a dark circle on either side of an- terior portion of crest, the inner portions of the circle darker than the outer; concentric rows of pits on telson darkly colored; inner side of last two segments of uropodal outer branch are dark, as is the distal half of the uropodal inner branch; raptorial merus with a longitudinal line of dark pigment on upper margin of outer face. Squilla obtusa Holthuis, 1959 Plate 7 Squilla intermedia, Bigelow, 1902, p. 159; Manning, 1959, p. 19 (part). Squilla brasiliensis, Manning, 1959, p. 18 (part). Squilla obtusa Holthuis, 1959, p. 186, text-figs. 76 h-j, pl. IX, figs. 3-4. Previous records: NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 29 Puerto Rico (Bigelow, 1902) ; Curacao (as S. intermedia; Manning, 1959) ; off Trinidad (as S. brasiliensis, USNM, OREGON Stats. 2208, 2209; Manning, 1959); Suriname (Holthuis, 1959). Material examined: OREGON Sta. 2208 ; 09°55’N, 60°53’W ; southeast of Trinidad; Au- gust 26, 1958; 34/35 fms; 2¢ 4,222 (USNM). OREGON Sta. 2209; 09°45’N, 60°47’W ; southeast of Trinidad; Au- gust 26, 1958; 20/22 fms; 14,222 (UMML). Measurements: Males, 49.0 to 62.1 mm, total length; females, 46.8 to 65.9 mm, total length. Description: Eyes large, bilobed; rostrum elongate-triangular, with- out median carina; median carina of carapace not bifurcate anteri- orly; anterolateral spines of carapace not extending to rostral base; raptorial dactylus armed with six teeth, outer margin of dactylus a simple curve; mandibular palp present; five epipods present; lateral process of fifth thoracic somite a broad spine, curved anteriorly; lat- eral processes of next two somites bilobed, anterior lobe triangular, posterior lobe rounded; anterior lobe of lateral process more promi- nent on sixth somite than on seventh; submedian carinae present on last three thoracic and all abdominal somites; abdominal carinae spined as follows: submedian, 5-6; intermediate, (2) 3-6; lateral, 2-6; marginal, 1-5; telson with prelateral lobes; denticles 3-5, 8-9, 1, outer submedian denticle the largest; 8-9 movable spines on outer margin of penultimate segment of uropodal outer branch, the last not reaching midpoint of ultimate segment. Discussion: ‘The rounded posterior lobe of the lateral processes of the sixth and seventh thoracic somites, the smaller cornea, and the elongate rostrum separate this species from S. /ijdingi. Remarks: The present material extends the vertical range of this species from 13 to 35 fms. Bigelow felt that his Puerto Rico material was probably the juve- nile of S. intermedia, although he pointed out several differences be- tween the Puerto Rico specimens and the larger specimens available to him. The color is as follows: carinae and grooves of the carapace are indicated by dark lines; posterior margin of the carapace, last three thoracic somites, and the six abdominal somites are lined posteriorly with dark pigment; second and fifth abdominal somites with a median patch of dark pigment; anterolateral angle of sixth abdominal somite 30 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT 2 Plate 7. Squilla obtusa Holthuis Fig. 1. Male, OREGON Sta. 2209, southeast of Trinidad, anterior por- tion of carapace and rostral plate, x6.3. Fig. 2. Same, lateral processes of fifth, sixth, and seventh thoracic — somites, x6.3. Fig. 3. Same, sixth abdominal somite and telson, x6.3. NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 31 with a dark patch; crest and bases of marginal teeth of telson are dark; there is a black patch on anterior half of telson either side of the crest; uropods with prominent line of dark pigment on dorsal surface of penultimate segment of outer branch, with entire distal segment of outer branch black; distal half of inner branch of uropods black; merus of raptorial claw with a line of dark pigment on upper, lower, and anterior margins of outer face. Genus Lysicsquilla Dana, 1852 The two species described below bring the number of western At- lantic species in this genus to 10. Chace (1958) commented upon the heterogeneity of the genus and reviewed the possible evolution of the telson in the western Atlantic. In his key to the eight species from that area, the present new species would both fall near L. grayi Chace, 1958. In addition to these two new species, L. grayi, L. chilensis Dahl, 1954, and L. decemspinosa Rathbun, 1910, are the only other known species in the genus which lack the mandibular palp and the papillae on the antennal protopod, and in which a reduction in the number of epi- pods occurs. Schmitt (1940) gave a partial list of species of Lysio- squilla which have one or more papillae on the antennal protopod. The importance of these characters at the generic level will not be known until the entire genus is surveyed. Key TO THE SPECIES OF Lysiosquilia From THE ATLANTIC COAST oF NorRTHERN SOUTH AMERICA 1. Ventral surface of telson without submarginal spines; posterior marginal spines immovable; mandibular palp present . . . . 2 Ventral surface of telson with submarginal spines, the submedian pain movables‘mandibular palp absent: ...... « . « 2 . 3 2. Abdomen unarmed; raptorial dactylus armed with five or six ves ee ie sinned beeen lee glabriuscula (Lamarck, 1818) ; Brazil, Lemos de Castro, 1955] Posterior margin of fifth and sixth abdominal somites spinous; raptorial dactylus armed with eight to twelve teeth . . . ([L. scabricauda (Lamarck, 1818); Brazil, Lemos de Castro, 1955] 32 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT 3. Anterolateral margins of rostral plate acute; raptorial dactylus armed with ten teeth; 22 submedian denticles in row across mid- line: of: telson, <4. “eh Wayek Cine Ae Ball. Fe shancockssnsasp: Anterolateral margins of rostral plate rounded; raptorial dac- tylus armed with eight teeth; 15 submedian denticles in a trans- verse row on ventral surface of telson. . . Lz. antillensis, n. sp. Lysiosquilla hancocki, new species Plate 8 Holotype: Female, Sta. A27-39, Cubagua Island, Venezuela, April 5, 1939, 2-5 fms, collected by VELERO III (AHF 3918). Measurements: The female holotype is 21.0 mm in total length. Other measurements: carapace length, 3.1 mm; length rostral plate, 0.9 mm; width rostral plate, 1.5 mm; length telson, 1.5 mm; width telson, 2.6 mm. Description: Eyes subglobular, cornea slightly overhanging lateral margins of stalk ; eyes not extending to end of antennular peduncle. Rostral plate subquadrate, much broader than long, lateral margins subparallel, anterolateral angles rectangular; anterior margins concave, sloping forward to obtuse, unspined, apex. Antennal scale short, as long as ocular peduncle; antennal protopod without papillae. Carapace short, one-seventh total length, without carinae or spines; gastric grooves distinct, cervical groove indicated on lateral plates only; carapace rounded anterolaterally and posterolaterally. Epipods present on first four thoracic appendages; mandibular palp absent; propodus of fourth thoracic appendage almost twice as broad as long, twice as broad as propodi of third and fifth thoracic ap- pendages. Raptorial dactylus armed with 10 teeth on inner margin; outer mar- gin of dactylus a simple curve, with a strong basal notch followed by a low, obtuse lobe; raptorial propodus armed with four movable teeth, second much the smallest, on inner, proximal margin, and a row of pec- tinations on outer, upper margin; dorsal ridge of carpus obscure, un- divided, ending in a blunt tooth. Thoracic somites without carinae; lateral margins of last three thoracic somites subtruncate, slightly concave laterally; inner branch of walking legs circular on appendages of sixth and seventh thoracic somites, more ovate on the appendage of the eighth somite. No. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 33 Plate 8. Lysiosquilla hancocki, new species Fig. 1. Female holotype, A27-39, Cubagua Island, Venezuela, anterior portion of body, x16. Fig. 2. Same, right uropod, x18.3. Fig. 3. Same, ventral view of telson, x18.3. Fig. 4. Same, dorsal view of telson, x18.3. 34 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Abdomen flattened, loosely articulated, without carinae or spines ex- cept at posterolateral angles of sixth somite. Telson smooth dorsally, much broader than long, posterior margin forming a false eave over true posterior spines; false eave with rounded median projection, flanked by a deep concavity on either side; lateral spines and apices of submedian denticles visible dorsally; submarginal armature, on either side, consisting of a row of 11 submedian denticles, increasing in size laterally, a movable submedian spine, anterior to outermost denticles, and a curved row of five fixed spines lateral to the outermost denticle; second and fourth fixed spine smaller than the re- mainder. Uropodal outer branch with 5 graded, movable, spatulate spines on outer margin of penultimate segment, last spine extending past mid- point of ultimate segment; inner distal margin of penultimate segment of outer branch with two slender, movable spines; inner spine of basal prolongation much the longer. Discussion: L. hancocki is closely related to L. grayi Chace, from which it can be separated by the rectangular anterolateral angles of the rostral plate, the small number of teeth on the raptorial claw (10 on L. hancocki, 11-15 on L. grayi), and the spination and sculpture of the telson. In L. hancocki there are 22 submedian denticles, as opposed to 15-18 in L. grayi; the movable submedian spines are anterior to the outermost denticle, not adjacent to it as in L. grayi, and the depressions on either side of the false eave are deeper and more angulated laterally than in L. grayi. L. hancocki is also related to L. decemspinosa Rathbun and L. chilensis Dahl from the eastern Pacific. It differs from both in having a deep concavity lateral to the median projection of the false eave of the telson; also, L. chilensis has many more spines on the raptorial dactylus, 12-17, the rostral plate is rounded anterolaterally, and the two spines of the basal prolongation are subequal. L. hancocki differs from L. decemspinosa chiefly in the shape of the false eave and in the ar- rangement of the denticles and teeth of the telson. The species is named for Captain Allan Hancock, in recognition of his support of the marine sciences. Remarks: Upon first examination, I felt that this specimen would be referred to L. decemspinosa, a species known only from the eastern Pa- cific. Direct comparison with the type and other available material of NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 35 that species showed that L. hancocki was distinct from the Pacific species. The holotype has faded to an even cream color, with one large pair of dark pigment spots on the carapace, and scattered chromatophores on the carapace and the remainder of the body. There is also an indica- tion of a large pigment spot on the anterolateral portions of the telson. Lysiosquilla antillensis, new species Plate 9 Holotype: Female, Sta. A24-39, Cubagua Island, Venezuela, April 14, 1939, 2-5 fms, collected by Velero III (AHF 3919). Paratypes: Off Yawsi Point, Lameshur Bay, St. John, Virgin Is- lands; December 21, 1958; 30 feet; collected by J. Randall and L. P. Thomas; 38 8,32? 2 (UMML 32.1174; USNM 106055). Measurements: Female holotype, 24.5 mm, total length. Other meas- urements of holotype: carapace length, 4.9 mm; length rostral plate, 1.2 mm; width rostral plate, 1.6 mm; length telson, 1.8 mm; width tel- son, 3.1 mm. Paratypes: males, 17.6 to 20.2 mm, total length; females, 20.5 to 20.8 mm, total length. Description: Eyes subglobular, cornea slightly overhanging lateral margins of stalk ; eyes not extending to end of antennular peduncle. Rostral plate subquadrate, broader than long; lateral margins slightly convex, subparallel; anterolateral angles acute; anterior margins concave, apex acute, slightly in advance of anterolateral angles. Antennal scale short, not as long as ocular peduncle; antennal pro- topod without papillae. Carapace short, one-fifth total length, without carinae or spines; gastric grooves distinct, cervical grooves indicated on lateral plates only; anterolateral and posterolateral angles rounded. Epipods present on first four thoracic appendages; mandibular palp absent; propodus of fourth thoracic appendage much broader than long, broader than propodi of third and fifth thoracic appendages. Raptorial dactylus armed with seven to eight teeth on inner margin; outer margin of dactylus a simple curve, with a deep notch at base fol- lowed by an obtuse lobe; inner margin of propodus with four movable teeth, second much the smallest, on inner, proximal margin, and a row of pectinations on outer, upper margin; dorsal ridge or carpus obscure, undivided, ending in a blunt lobe. 36 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Exposed thoracic somites without carinae; lateral margins of last three thoracic somites subtruncate, slightly concave laterally; inner branch of walking legs ovate on sixth and seventh thoracic somites, that of the eighth somite more elongate. Abdomen depressed, loosely articulated, without carinae or spines except at posterolateral angles of sixth somite. ‘Telson smooth dorsally, much broader than long, posterior margin forming a false eave overhanging true posterior spines; false eave with a broad median projection slightly swollen dorsally, flanked on either side by a sinuous, shallow depression; margin, lateral to depressions, slightly sinuous; apices of submedian denticles and marginal teeth visible dorsally; posterior armature, on either side, consisting of five to eight fixed submedian denticles, a large, movable spine, anterior to the outermost denticle, and five to eight fixed spines, in an irregular row, lateral to the outermost denticle. Uropodal outer branch with 5 graded, movable, spatulate spines on outer margin of penultimate segment, the last spine extending past the midpoint of the ultimate segment; inner distal margin of penultimate segment of outer branch with two to four slender, movable spines; outer spine of basal prolongation slightly longer than inner. Discussion: ‘The material from the Virgin Islands was included in this account so that some idea of the variation in this species could be obtained. The additional material strengthens the validity of both this species and L. hancocki, which is based on a single specimen. The raptorial claws are present on only two of the Virgin Islands specimens; each claw is armed with seven teeth, as opposed to eight in the holotype. The number of submedian denticles in the Virgin Islands material varies from 10-16, usually 13; there are 15 on the Venezuela specimen. Finally, the Venezuela specimen has but 7 fixed spines lateral to the submedian denticles, while there are 5-7 in the paratypes. L. antillensis differs from L. grayi and L. hancocki in that the antero- lateral angles of the rostral plate are more acute; there are fewer den- ticles in the submarginal row of the telson than in L. hancocki, although the count overlaps for L. grayi (15-18) and the present species. The submedian emarginations of the false eave of the telson are much more pronounced in this species than in L. grayi; they are more pronounced in L. hancocki than in L. antillensis. L. antillensis can be separated from both L. decemspinosa and L. chilensis by the subquadrate form of the rostral plate, the smaller num- Se NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA Sy) Plate 9. Lysiosquilla antillensis, new species Fig. 1. Female holotype, A24-39, Cubagua Island, Venezuela, ventral view of telson, x16.7. Fig. 2. Same, anterior portion of body, x10.8. Fig. 3. Same, left uropod, x16.7. Fig. 4. Same, dorsal view of telson, x16.7. 38 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT ber of teeth on the raptorial dactylus, and the smaller number of sub- median denticles on the telson. Remarks: The color is completely faded except for a few dark chromatophores scattered over the light surface. The name is derived from the location of the first lot of specimens examined, St. John in the Lesser Antilles. Genus Pseudosquilla Dana, 1852 This genus has gradually become one of the more diverse and poorly defined of the stomatopod genera. In the western Atlantic, for example, two distinct groups are easily recognized. The first contains P. ciliata (Fabricius, 1787) and P. oculata (Brullé, 1835-44) ; these species are perhaps typical of the genus. In the second group are P. plumata (Bigelow, 1902) and P. maiaguesensis (Bigelow, 1902), which are somewhat aberrant forms resembling both Lysiosquilla and Pseudo- squilla. If Parasquilla were not yet separated from Pseudosquilla, a third distinct group would exist within the genus. The entire genus is in need of revision; if this is done, it is doubtful whether P. maiague- sensis and its allies can be retained in Pseudosquilla. Only two species are known from the northern coast of South Amer- ica, P. ciliata and P. oculata. The latter was reported from northern Brazil by Rathbun (1900) and Lemos de Castro (1955). P. ciliata is the only species in the present collections. Key To THE SPECIES OF Pseudosquilla From THE ATLANTIC COAST oF NorTHERN SOUTH AMERICA 1. Cornea subglobular, only slightly overhanging stalk laterally; rostral plate rounded anteriorly; telson with three longitudinal carinae either side of crest . . . ciuelieo oe ee awermen Cornea expanded laterally, much penial ee stalk; rostral plate spined anteriorly; telson with four longitudinal carinae either side of crest [P. oculata (Brullé, 1935. 1844) ; Bo Sines ae Case 1955] NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 39 Pseudosquilla ciliata (Fabricius, 1787) Plate 11, figs. 1-2. Restricted synonymy: Squilla ciliata Fabricius, 1787, p. 333. Pseudosquilla ciliata, Bigelow, 1902, p. 154, figs. 3-4; Holthuis, 1941, p. 5); Lemos de Castro, 1955, p: 26, text-figs. 20, 21, pls. VII, fig. 39, and XVI, fig. 51; Manning, 1959, p. 18. Previous records: Bermuda and Bahamas to Brazil ; Indo-Pacific (Manning, 1959). Material examined: A50-39 ; Caledonia Bay, Panama; April 26, 1939; shore; 12 (USNM). A57-39 ; Caledonia Bay, Panama; April 27, 1939; shore; 14 (AHF). A15-39; 2 mi. off Bahia Honda, Colombia; April 8, 1939; 14,322 (1 damaged) (AHF). Measurements: Males, 29.2 to 65.1 mm, total length; females, 32.6 to 37.2 mm, total length. Description: Eyes cylindrical ; rostral plate wider than long, without spines; carapace smooth, without carinae; raptorial dactylus armed with three slender teeth; thoracic and abdominal somites strongly con- vex; abdomen with posterolateral spines on fourth and fifth somites; dorsal surface of telson with crest and three pairs of longitudinal cari- nae; tips of submedian teeth movable; basal prolongation of uropod with two spines, inner slightly longer. Remarks: A beautifully colored species. Background color yellow brown, with two pairs of dark spots along gastric grooves on carapace; a black spot on lateral margin of sixth thoracic and first abdominal somites, with less prominent lateral spots on remainder of abdominal somites; telson dark anteriorly, dark area divided by crest; dark spot at bases of intermediate teeth of telson; spines of basal prolongation and movable spines of uropod banded yellow and white; appendages bright yellow, and raptorial dactylus pinkish, with yellow and white spots. Genus Gonodactylus Latreille, 1825 The status of this genus in the western Atlantic is not yet fully un- derstood. One nominal species, G. oerstedii Hansen, 1895, occurs throughout the Caribbean, from North Carolina to Brazil (Manning, 40 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT 1959). Schmitt is the only worker who has intensively studied the American species of the genus, and he described two varieties of G. oerstedii from the Caribbean. G. oerstedii var. spinulosus Schmitt, 1924 (a), was described from Barbados, and differs from G. oerstedii in that the dorsal surface of the telson is spinulose. The second variety, G. oerstedii var. curacaoensis Schmitt, 1924, was described from Cur- acao, and was separated from G. oerstedii because the three carinae of the telson were sharp and spined posteriorly, not swollen dorsally and rounded posteriorly as in the typical form. CARINAE OF LAST ABDOMINAL SOMITE Submedian Intermediate Lateral CARINAE OF TELSON Median Intermediate Lateral. Marginal -Submedian Accessory Anchor -no& always developed Knob Crest or ridge of submedian tooth TEETH OF TELSON Lateral Intermediate Submedian Plate 10. Diagrammatic illustration of a Gonodactylus telson, showing terms used in the descriptions (from Schmitt, 1940). In my opinion, both are good species. G. spinulosus is the western Atlantic counterpart of G. festae and its allies from the eastern Pacific. G. curacaoensis, in addition to the shape of the dorsal carinae of the telson, has the telson longer than wide and has an entirely different color pattern from G. oerstedii. I have seen freshly preserved material from Cay Sal Bank (UMML,) in which there was no evidence of the mottled color normally found in G. oerstedii; the specimens are a bright orange, with the carinae of the telson striped blue longitudinally; the thoracic and abdominal somites are lined posteriorly with red. Schmitt (1924) did not give specific rank to G. curacaoensis because the juve- No. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 4] niles of it and G. oerstedii could not be differentiated ; this is probably an expression of their close relationship, but need not indicate that the forms are identical, as the young of several groups, particularly xan- thid crabs, are indistinguishable. A diagrammatic drawing of the telson of Gonodactylus, to illustrate the terms used in the key and the descriptions, is shown in Plate 10. Key To THE Species oF Gonodactylus From THE ATLANTIC COAST oF NoRTHERN SOUTH AMERICA 1. Dorsal surface of telson armed with numerous small spinules; sixth thoracic and first abdominal somites with a rectangular patch of dark chromatophores . . . . . . . G. spinulosus Dorsal surface of telson not armed with small spinules; no rec- tangular patches of chromatophores on sixth thoracic and first abdominal somites; . . .« . « » Sims hd eee ATARI? 2. Dorsal carinae rounded, sometimes swollen, not eed poster- IOP ees: ‘ : mei oo Net Gacoersteda Dorsal carinae BE Bien es not eee, armed posteriorly with a strong spine . [G. curacaoensis Schmitt, 1924; Curacao] Gonodactylus spinulosus Schmitt, 1924 Plate 11, figs. 3-4. Gonodactylus oerstedii var. spinulosus Schmitt, 1924(a), p. 96, pl. V, fig. 5; Bigelow, 1931, p. 123; Lemos de Castro, 1955, p. 45. Previous records: Barbados (Schmitt, 1924a) ; Playa de Ponce Reef, Porto Rico (Bigelow, 1931): Virgin Islands (?) (Hansen, 1926) ; Gulf of Panama ( ?) (Hansen, 1926); Trinidad (Lemos de Castro, 1955); Cape St. Roque, Brazil (Bigelow, 1931). Material examined: A46-39; Vista Alegre, Curacao; April 23, 1939; shore; 34 ¢ (AHF; USNM). Measurements: Males, 30.6 to 34.6 mm, total length. Description: Anterolateral angles of rostral plate rounded; ocular plates rounded dorsally; telson with accessory carina mesial to lateral carina; dorsal surface of telson armed with numerous small spinules, ar- ranged as follows: one posteriorly on median carina; one posteriorly on each submedian carina; one posteriorly and one dorsally on each inter- mediate carina; two on the knob; 3-7 on the ridge of the submedian 42 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Plate 11. Pseudosquilla ciliata (Fabricius) Fig. 1. Female, A15-39, 2 mi. off Bahia Honda, Colombia. Sixth ab- dominal somite, telson, and left uropod, x6.7. Fig. 2. Same, rostral plate, x11.7. Gonodactylus spinulosus Schmitt Fig. 3. Male, A46-39, Vista Alegre, Curacao, rostral plate, x9.5. Fig. 4. Same, sixth abdominal somite and telson, x5.5. Gonodactylus oerstedii Hansen Fig. 5. Male, A8-39, Caledonia Bay, Panama, rostral plate, x11.3. Fig. 6. Same, sixth abdominal somite and telson, x9.5. > NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 43 tooth; one dorsally on the larger intermediate denticle; and one to three on each accessory carina. There are 11-12 movable submedian denticles, and two intermediate ones, the inner the larger, both spine- tipped. Discussion: The rostral plate and ocular plates are identical to those found in G. oerstedii, which differs from G. spinulosus in the smooth dorsal surface of the telson and in lacking the characteristic black mark- ings on the sixth thoracic and first abdominal somites. G. spinulosus is the Atlantic analogue of G. festae Nobili from the Eastern Pacific (see Schmitt, 1940). G. spinulosus differs from G. festae and the other eastern Pacific species with spinulose telsons in that the anterolateral angles of the rostral plate are rounded; in the eastern Pacific species, the angles of the rostral plate are acute and even spiniform, as in G. bahiahondensis Schmitt. ' Bigelow (1931) felt that the following characters, in addition to the dorsal spinules on the telson, separated G. spinulosus from G. oerstedii: the median spine of the rostral plate does not reach the cornea, and the anterior margins of the rostral plate are transverse; the uropodal outer branch is longer than the basal prolongation; and at least two of the mobile spines on the penultimate segment of the uropodal outer branch are recurved. These characters are, however, variable, and are not diag- nostic, as they can be found in G. oerstedii as well as G. spinulosus. The only apparent differences between the two species are the presence in the latter of dorsal spinules on the telson and the dark-pigmented areas on the sixth thoracic and first abdominal somites. Remarks: The color of this species is the same as in G. oerstedii, except for the two dark areas on the sixth thoracic and first abdominal somites aptly described by Schmitt (1924a) as “Chinese ideographs.” Gonodactylus oerstedii Hansen, 1895 Plate 11, figs. 5-6. Restricted synonymy: Gonodactylus oerstedii Hansen, 1895, p. 65, footnote; Schmitt, 1940, p. 211, figs. 26-29; Holthuis, 1941, p. 38; Lemos de Castro, 1955, p. 42, text-figs. 30-31, pls. XII, fig. 44, and XVIII, fig. 56; Man- ning, 1959, p. 16. Previous records: North Carolina to Brazil, including Bermuda and the Bahamas; eastern 44 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Pacific from the Gulf of California to Ecuador, and the Galapagos (Manning, 1959). Material examined: A8-39; Caledonia Bay, Panama; April 4, 1939; shore; 1¢ (AHF). A50-39; Caledonia Bay, Panama; April 26, 1939; shore; 864, 522 (USNM). A57-39; Caledonia Bay, Panama; April 27, 1939; shore; 434, 1529 (AHF). Al12a-39; 11 mi. S.W. of Cape la Vela, Colombia; April 8, 1939; 5 fms.; 268,322 (USNM). A15-39; 2 mi. off Bahia Honda, Colombia; April 8, 1939; 9-10 fms; 146 4, 1522, 1 post larva (AHF). A16-39; Pta. Basora, Aruba, Netherlands West Indies; April 10, 1939; shore; 566, 12 (USNM). A46-39; Vista Alegre, Curacao, Netherlands West Indies; April 23, 1939; shore; 1¢, 12 (AHF). A24-39; Cubagua Island, Venezuela; April 14, 1939; 2-5 fms; 24 4, 22 OCA). A25-39; Cubagua Island, Venezuela; April 14, 1939; shore; 56 4, 1° (USNM). A27-39; Cubagua Island, Venezuela; April 15, 1939; 2-5 fms; 106 4, ee CALLE) A35-39; Port of Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies; April 18, 1939; 1 fm; 266 (USNM). A41-39; Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island, British West Indies; April 20, 1939; shore; 162 4, 1022 (AHF). Measurements: Males, 12.9 to 66.2 mm, total length; females, 13.6- 63.1 mm, total length; post-larva, 8.2 mm, total length. Remarks: This is the most common western Atlantic stomatopod. As Hansen (1895, footnote) pointed out, the accessory carina on the telson is the only difference between this species and the widely dis- tributed G. chiragra of the Pacific; the character, although minor, is nevertheless constant. The color is extremely variable, usually a mottled green on a light background. In the present material, the ventral surface of the males is darker than that of the females, and this was the only sexual differ- ence noted. NO. 9 MANNING: ATLANTIC STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA 45 LITERATURE CITED ArcuHer, A. A. 1948. The Shrimp Surveys. Alabama Conservation, vol. 20, no. 2, p. 10, fig. BIGELow, R. P. 1893. Preliminary Notes on the Stomatopoda of the Albatross Collections and on other Specimens in the National Museum. Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir., vol. 12, no. 106, pp. 100-102. 1894. Report on the Crustacea of the Order Stomatopoda collected by the steamer Albatross between 1885 and 1891, and on other Specimens in the U. S. National Museum. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 17, pp. 489- 550, pls. 20-22, text-figs. 1-28. 1902. The Stomatopoda of Porto Rico. Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, part 2, pp. 151-160, text-figs. 1-13. 1931. Stomatopoda of the Southern and Eastern Pacific Ocean and the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 105-191, pls. 1-2, text-figs. 1-10. Boone, LEE 1927. Crustacea from Tropical East American Seas. Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll., Yale univ., vol. 1, art. 2, pp. 1-147, text-figs. 1-33. CALMAN, W. T. 1917. Crustacea. Part IV. Stomatopoda, Cumacea, Phyllocarida, and Cla- docera. Im Brit. Antarct. (“Terra Nova”) Exped., 1910. Nat. Hist. Report, Zool., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 137-162, text-figs. 1-9. CuHACE, F. A., Jr. 1954. Stomatopoda. Im: Gulf of Mexico, its origin, waters, and marine life. Fish. Bull., U. S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., no. 89, pp. 449-450. 1958. A New Stomatopod Crustacean of the genus Lysiosquilla from Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Biol. Bull., vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 141-145, pl. 1. CHOPRA, B. 1939. Stomatopoda. Jz The John Murray Expedition, 1933-34. Sci. Repts., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 137-181, text-figs. 1-13. Dau, ERIK 1954. Stomatopoda. Lunds Univ. Arsskrift. N. F. Avd. 2, Bd. 49, nr 17: Rept. Lund. Univ. Chile Exp. 1948-49. 15, pp. 1-12, 1 text-fig. Fagricius, J. C. 1787. Mantissa Insectorum. Hafniae, vol. 1, pp. 333-334. GartTH, J. S. 1945. Geographical Account and Station Records of VELERO III in Atlan- tic Waters in 1939. Allan Hancock Atlantic Exped. Rept. No. 1, pp. 1-106, pls. 1-28. Gurney, RoBERT 1946. Notes on Stomatopod Larvae. Proc. Zool. Soc., London, vol. 116, pt. 1, pp. 133-175, text-figs. 1-14. HANSEN, H. J. 1895. Isopoden, Cumaceen und Stomatopoden der Planktonexpedition. In Ergbn, Planktonexped. Humboldt-Stiftung, vol. 2Gc, pp. 1-105, pls. 1-85. 1926. The Stomatopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Im Siboga-Expeditie. Monogr. 35, pp. 1-48, pls. 1-2. Hottuuts, L. B. 1941. Note on some Stomatopoda from the Atlantic Coasts of Africa and America, with the Description of a New Species. Zool. Meded. Leiden, 46 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT no. 23, pp. 31-43, 1 text-fig. 1959. Stomatopod Crustacea of Suriname. Stud. Fauna Suriname, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 173-191, pls. VIII-IX, text-fig. 76. INGLE, R. W. 1960. Squilla labadiensis n. sp. and Squilla intermedia Bigelow, two Sto- matopod Crustaceans new to the West African Coast. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13th ser., vol. 2, no. 21, pp. 565-576, text-figs. 1-14. Kemp, STANLEY 1913. An Account of the Crustacea Stomatopoda of the Indo-Pacific Region. Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 4, pp. 1-217, pls. 1-10, 10 text-figs. Lemos De Castro, ALCEU 1955. Contribuicéo ao Conhecimento dos Crustéceos da ordem Stomatopoda do Litoral Brasileiro: (Crustacea, Hoplocarida). Boll. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, n. s., Zool., no. 128, pp. 1-68, pls. I-X VIII, text-figs. 1-31. Lunz, G. R., JR. 1937. Stomatopoda of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection. Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll., Yale Univ., vol. 5, art. 5, pp. 1-19, text-figs. 1-10. MANNING, R. B. 1959. A Checklist of the Stomatopod Crustaceans of the Florida-Gulf of Mexico Area. Quart. J. Fla. Acad. Sci., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 14-24. Miers, E. J. 1880. On the Squillidae. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 5, pp. 1-30, 108-127, pls. 1-3. RATHBUN, M. J. 1900. Results of the Branner-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. I: The Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 133-156, pl. 8. 1910. The Stalk-eyed Crustacea of Peru and the Adjacent Coast. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 38, pp. 531-620, pls. 36-56. 1919. Stalk-eyed Crustaceans of the Dutch West Indies. Iz Boeke, J., Rap- port betreffende een vorloopig onderzoek naar den toestand van de Visscherij en de Industrie van Zeeproducten in de Kolonie Curacao, ingevolge het Ministerieel Besluit van 22 November 1904, vol. 2, pp. 317-349, figs. 1-5. RODRIGUEZ, GILBERTO 1959. The Marine Communities of Margarita Island, Venezuela. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf and Carib., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 237-280, text-figs. 1-26. Say, THOMAS 1818. An Account of the Crustacea of the United States. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, pp. 235-253. ScumITT, W. L. 1924. The Macruran, Anomuran, and Stomatopod Crustacea. [Fauna van Curacao.] Bijd. Dierk., vol. 23, pp. 61-81, pl. 8, text-figs. 1-7. 1924a. Report on the Macrura, Anomura, and Stomatopoda collected by the Barbados-Antigua Expedition. Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 65-99, pls. 1-5. 1940. The Stomatopods of the West Coast of America based on Collections made by the Allan Hancock Expeditions, 1933-38. Allan Hancock Found. Pacif. Exped., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 129-225, text-figs. 1-33. SPRINGER, STEWART, & H. R. BULLIs, JR. 1956. Collections by the OREGON in the Gulf of Mexico. Spec. Sci. Rept., U. S. Fish & Wildl. Serv., no. 196, pp. 1-134. | . ¥ i i 7% [ ae » ro ek Se -_ vo — \ ’ 7 ae . : Yaw i: 22 { . - a a aan a ae ei re aig i ay tee ae 8 mee wi ca a> “5h, oe ul rhe OURO ee Chek tt he ot setae > Perey Wane are ad tea ee Hee rye | pate ee tel ee A het vad ty? ve oy a has cae) Pee eee e: en Oy, aye ‘ ditet nes wgiten Fie teas ad . Berka Prat ean St e arches J dive int KiStishat Orbis Wal oe oa dw cd fore ae Deeks . $f 1q? ove i bie ee (Mae n¢ Oban ot ot Caksa Skee nica eter) - OA raprerey oi tee r eae OM Dae ON ot * sha hi marie ry, : i Aad dete Ae ‘ ‘ i Erte 4 ni ba a 4 fee Cun dictin se ‘ : . So Me neROr HELA {eth Haws . “ . t Pith ee hero WU nee FM wal ge eet fyi hydh tse eo we es Artic een Poe Anan} ree Cra ths Car ar res : o eA hte xis AG sen te pe eee tes i sca Par Cre Ae: fam seit rrr eee ar ’ Pe ust pot Pree eve : Poteet BYP a Pury at as Vole eearur ieee Pe ah x air Pacey 4 ” aye Pca betes , wneae ot fen ‘ tae : ee a ood imine d aye ae Par ere, hetad 4 ie parungigeg eam 25408 re LA mak Pe OG w ‘ oe civee . ’ ‘ pee sae ey a ‘Se 4 . / 7 Peewee Urn BCA obi daae ais 4, Sr sar " oe ore i . oe Fae ee 97 5 ’ os or : ‘ tog” : PET at pret Core errr a ait Ate zi A Cree Pare a era wit erie 4 . ‘ cme . z ron Cartepter ctsd gs oN 1 eb onact oe So ketenes aed Seer are oc ‘ ied gas or : hoe Peer err an . Pe erry: . . ye fees : Set an 4) 0d ry ater ere peat : te Bye ee Lf eae Fie . : ee ora oe iey tie cerita 1 ae 5 hoa 4 ply gen eo . ‘ : ‘ ‘ \ : ° : ‘ F . . A ‘ ‘ c 3 . yer i may K ‘ , ‘ , ot Vie : ; } 1 . “ ' . tt ie ee, Mee ; Co , : ie =, yee, thay S ' uy bake > A . a “igh CH deh Wa ad oa " . is ‘ A