? ’ co ie Th ' ei pub etre Ror eee ; iid ‘ : > i! Whee el ; fs 7 5 ‘ eee * 2 : , y ‘i = a vag tee “~ lie ts +3 : 0 Neat ’ : ; : ha iaee VERB BY i at v° . a alae Te Capimaies & Bes te disiad 14s Ba eng | ht aa eh ONT } Suit eS | , a a Bie 7 ee 7 a4 ”~ a » : x . be h : th ae . . a - < " . i ; Sone deni Sin yah Kobe natn Me Aha es ; gals \yriode tanec st pen oie bp sree f- ste oh A gtt wet LF : \ ; Kciatetyle ope bey i Sagat a F a Th y ” 4 i : af, ; . , ; j i . Se ‘ rh, : : ’ pan anv off y 3 ) ha 4 ; 7 OR a at : . ae F kL ; f i Te ened pay wv \ r : =i Fabs eh oy: go 2eeeesoo 100 0 WNUK 1OHM/18W Aetna IN eeAINUC.O ik FOUNDATION PUBL LCA Tt LON S ft Law yf OF Re . THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA! , @ ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoLuME 17 1953-1954 % 0 mm. in L areas 5 , : S. Satie 4, Thali 2-4 cm. high, 1.5-2.5 1 mm. in ances . SS. minima 5. Lhallus distinctly fattened 9... < © 4.) “4 eee See denallusveylindricaljor terete. 2 . -. 4. $ 6. Rhizoidal filaments interlaced in all directions 3 Oe CMe Milas: WN Sea” Wer ee ea ga G. BE iy 6. Rhizoidal filaments: straizht 57). 1/5) ety ee cee ee No. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO le ii 13: f3: 15: 15: 17. i: ng! Tetrasporangial sori without a heavy sterile Mare Ose, |e sie as. UG pusilam Tetrasporangial sori ty a heen sterile FAATETTION Powe tel peed ss a Ue Ye ViGs scleropryllum 8. Segments very narrow, 250 » in diameter or less 8. Segments broader, 500 » in diameter or more Rhizoidal filaments scattered through medulla and Cortex, 2) ey. Al uct alee, Ge erinalen var verinale Rhizoidal filaments gunned to center of medulla encoun ert WG wernale var. luxurians 10. Plants with few or no lateral branchlets . G. nudifrons 10. Plants with many lateral branchlets Branching distichous Branching polystichous . . . . . G. polystichum 12. Branchlets of ultimate order much reduced in diameter, usually densely congested ‘ : 12. Branchlets of ultimate order not eal seduced in ae meter, or if so not particularly densely congested Ultimate branchlets strongly flattened . G. decompositum Ultimate branchlets subcylindrical or compressed 14. Tetrasporangial sori markedly elongated, with a sterile MAT ORNL et est sie Ucn tan | nn Ge weOronadense 14. Tetrasporangial sori occupying clavate ends of ultimate branchlets Be Ne eae ieee Tetrasporangial events eee fee . G. deciduum aga branchlets with a long slender “stipe” ; : G. papenfussii 16. Niwa axes nrorided a more or less uniform, short, distichous, subcylindrical, ascending, determinate branch- | te es a ha screech sul MG colton: 16. Main branches ee all ei giving rise to indeterminate branches Branchlets more or less cleats seiieatats at ve Branchlets not markedly geniculate : 18. Tetrasporangial branchlets with cordate apices : G. cartilagineum var. robustum 18. le branchlets blunt or subacute, not cordate : i G. purpurascens Brauiching ost pace fle ultimate branchlets appearing GESMIAT AN Mie ne eel st) Hel pet etry IG. a Oneto nes 59 11 12 13 16 14 15 17 18 19 60 19: ZAe Zi 23. 23: 25. 2). 2 Di ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 Branching mostly irregularly alternate, the ultimate branchlets not appearing particularly regular 20. Tetrasporangia borne in short, clavate, Vie praneilees , F G. pulchrum 20. Te eassowanet Baie in eloieared sori in ultimate and subultimate branchlets with prominent sterile margins At mE a a pL RENARD _ G. sonorense Plants small, less than 2 cm. high Plants larger, 10-25 cm. high Posi ss 22. Erect branches usually simple; tetrasporangia borne in decussate rows. . > 6.) 9) 7) Piicaloclossoides 22. Erect branches 1-2 times pinnate; tetrasporangia unknown 4 P. parva Curae coe emety at the ee of ultimate branchlets; tetrasporangial sori linear, extensive . . P. complanata Cystocarps borne singly in the distal part of ultimate branch- lets; tetrasporangial sori elevated, but not linear or particular- ly extensive . 2) 3 « Pixpyramidale 24. Branches eee! it attended above, ligulate ae NE : Gdl. ligulata 24. Bese eee or Ate Primary branches to 1 mm. in diameter; plants to 5 cm. oh 4 Gadl. acerosa Pea eee 40- 300 p in Vee plants 1-15 mm. high 26. Branches cylindrical throughout; reproduction by tetra- sporangia arranged irregularly in slightly swollen short branenletss 4) dau: )) 2 6 Gd hancock 26. Branches cylindrical to iaenpescett reproduction by tetra- sporangia arranged regularly in four ranks in terminal Stichidias) 2.) 27.7). . . « Gal. stichidiospora 26. Branches se Hee to compressed; reproduction ap- parently by large monospores? 20-50 p» in diameter in cortical cavities of short, acute terminal branchlets Gadl. refugiensis Thali 250- $50 1 p in meres cells of medullary core 12-20 diameters long . =.) a) IGelidzopsts, Thalli 150-220 p» in dieneters calls a medullary core 7-10 diameters long . . . Wurdemannia miniata 28. Thalli to 6 cm. ene segments 250-400 p» in diameter Gps. tenuis 28. Thalli t to 16 cm. ere deuseate 500- $50 mw in diameter Gps. variabilis 20 22 23 25 26 28 No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 61 Gelidiocolax microsphaerica Gardner Gardner, 1927b, p. 341. Thallus white, spherical in form, 175-225 p» in diameter; filaments di-tri-chotomously branched, with long, narrow, apical, surface cells; cystocarps several in a thallus, with carpospores borne in dense clusters ; antheridia very numerous, 3-4 seriate, on the outer ends of ultimate cells of the cortex and covering the entire surface of the exposed part of the thallus; antherozoids 1.5-2 » in diameter ; tetrasporangia metamorphosed surface cells, moderately abundant, scattered promiscuously over the surface of the exposed part of the thallus, 22-28 » in diameter. Type: Holotype is Gardner 2423b, April, on sheet 294573 in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. Type LocaLity: On Gelidium pulchrum about 2 miles south of Balboa Beach, Orange County, Calif. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—J. T. Howell 54a, on Gelidium pusillum, Isla San Martin, Aug. This material was detected and identified by N. L. Gardner twenty years ago, but was not reported. It represents the second known occur- rence of this obscure species. The description above is taken from Gardner’s original account. Gelidium microphysa Setchell & Gardner Setchell & Gardner, 1930, p. 151, pl. 9, fig. 31; Dawson, 1944, p. 260. Thalli saxicolous, spreading, matted, 0.6-1.5 cm. high, compressed to flattened throughout, consisting of short erect, branched fronds from creeping branches attached by numerous small discs ; erect parts irregular- ly pinnately or flabellately short-branched ; segments 600-900 (1200) p» wide, narrower in mature fertile branches; apices usually rounded and with the apical cell in a slight or pronounced notch; transection showing a rather broad medulla containing abundant rhizoidal filaments which are not arranged longitudinally, but are interlaced in all directions; outer cortex dense, of very small, spherical cells 3-5 » in diameter; cystocarps solitary, or sometimes two, in segments of compound fertile branches, 350-550 » in diameter; antheridia and tetrasporangia unknown. Type: Holotype is Mason 121, April 1925, on sheet 173635 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cali- fornia. Transections of the type are on slide 211 in HAHF. 62 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 TYPE LocALITY: South Bay, Isla Guadalupe, Pacific Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 10560, Punta Norte, Isla Cedros, Oct. Gulf of Calif—D. 1016, Isla Partida, Feb. (sterile) ; D. 803a, Isla Patos, Feb. (sterile) ; D. 726-40, Isla Turner, July (cystocarpic) ; D. 1353, Bahia de Los Angeles, Apr. (sterile). This small species is readily distinguished by its rhizoidal filaments which are not longitudinally arranged, but interlace in all directions. Its tendency toward flabellate branching is also distinctive. The Isla Partida specimen bears several tubercular nodules which have the appearance of a parasitic red alga. No reproductive structures have been found in them, however, and their identity has not been ascertained. Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis Le Jolis, 1863, p. 139; Bérgesen, 1927, p. 83, fig. 44; Feldmann & Hamel, 1936, p. 112, fig. 19A-C, 20; Dawson, 1944, p. 258, pl. 42, figs. 1-6; Taylor, 1945, p. 152; Dangeard, 1949, p. 148, figs. 9n-q, s. Fucus pusillus Stackhouse, 1801, p. 17, pl. 6. Thalli 2-10 mm. high, tufted, pulvinate or variously matted, in pure stands or intermixed with other small algae on rocks or on dead or living barnacles or mollusk shells, consisting of creeping, stolonoid parts at- tached at frequent intervals to the substratum by peg-like or discoid adherent organs and giving rise to numerous erect branches, the latter simple or variously sparsely and irregularly pinnately branched, usually terete below but usually more or less prominently flattened above, 200- 700 » wide and commonly about 100-120 p» thick, clavate in outline with blunt and rounded tips, or more or less attenuated or flagellate; thallus in transection at the level of mid-parts of flattened blades showing a limited medullary area of a few small, thick-walled cells scattered among many, closely packed longitudinal rhizoidal filaments; tetrasporangial sori occupying the whole of terminal parts of erect blades or their branches ; sexual plants not known in the Mexican flora. Type: Holotype not designated and whereabouts of the original material unknown to the writer. It is not among a few of Stackhouse’s specimens at the Linnean Society, London. TYPE LOCALITY: Sidmouth and Brighton, England. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: ‘This extremely variable small plant seems to occur throughout virtually the entire Pacific Mexican coast, including the Gulf of California, from Islas Los Coronados and Isla No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 63 Guadalupe on the north to Salina Cruz, Oaxaca on the south. It has been found both in intertidal and sublittoral situations on a variety of different substrates. Several variations are represented in the present material, most of which seem to fall within the limits of var. minusculum Weber van Bosse, var. mucronatum Dangeard, var. conchicola Picc. & Grun., and var. pulvinatum (Ag.) Feldmann. A few specimens show the nearly simple, terete erect branches and terminal tetrasporangial sori of var. cylindricum Yaylor. Gelidium sclerophyllum Taylor Taylor, 1945, p. 156, pl. 5, fig. 13, pl. 33, fig. 2. Thalli 0.6-2.0 cm. high, growing on barnacles, fixed mollusks or crustose corallines, more or less densely tufted, consisting of numerous erect, flattened fronds from creeping branches attached at close intervals by peg-like haptera; erect fronds terete or compressed at the base, ligu- late above, to 1 mm. wide, subsimple or irregularly once pinnate, or pro- liferous, the branchlets constricted at the base; apices of fertile branch- lets commonly deeply indented; transection showing a row of thick- walled cells across the width of the blade, these separated and surrounded by closely packed rhizoidal filaments which become more scattered in the subcortical area; large, thin-walled cells absent from the medulla; tetra- _ sporangial sori occupying the central area of lateral or terminal branch- lets the margins of which are sterile and thicker when dry; cystocarps 400-500 » in diameter, borne near the ends of terminal or lateral branch- lets. Type: Holotype is Taylor 34-489, Feb. 11, 1934, on sheet 160 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: At a depth of 5.4 meters with corallinae, near the northeastern limit of Bahia San Francisco, Esmeraldas, Ecuador. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Baja Calif—D. 6818 (Mar.), D. 3395 (Nov.), Cabeza Ballena, tetrasporic. Sinaloa—D. 3624, Mazatlan, Dec., tetrasporic. Revillagigedo Archip—Howell 492, Isla Clarion, Mar. Jalisco—D. 3728c, Barra Navidad, Dec., cystocarpic. Guerrero— D. 3858, 3929, Acapulco, Feb., tetrasporic. Oaxaca—D. 3823, Salina Cruz, Jan., tetrasporic. The indented tips of fertile branchlets, the sterile margins of tetra- sporangial branchlets and the dense structure of thick-walled cells in the medulla mark this small Gelidium as distinct. 64 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. L7 Gelidium crinale (Turner) Lamouroux Plate 4, fig. 3 Lamouroux, in Bory, 1825, p. 191; Collins, 1913, p. 114; Feldmann & Hamel; 1936, p. 117, figs. 5,22; Waylor, 1937, p. 246, pl 35; figs. 1-3, pl. 40, fig. 3, pl. 41, fig. 5; Dawson, 1944, p. 259. Fucus crinalis Turner, 1819, p. 4, pl. 198. Gelidiella mexicana Dawson, 1944, p. 262, as to Guaymas specimens only. Thalli saxicolous, 1.5-3.5 cm. high, consisting of a group of primary rhizomatous branches, attached to the substratum by small discs and partially penetrating parts, from which arise numerous erect branches; erect fronds more or less cylindrical below, 125-225 » in diameter, sub- cylindrical, compressed or flattened above but little or not at all increased in diameter, subsimple, unbranched or sparsely branched, or irregularly pinnately branched in 1-2 orders, the branches alternate or opposite, irregularly spaced and of variable length; thallus in transection showing a large number of rhizoidal filaments occupying the subcortical and outer medullary area, the medulla restricted, of a small group, or single or double row of thick-walled cells; tetrasporangial sori borne in the distal parts of simple, pinnate or terminally digitate branches; antheridia and cystocarps not seen in the Mexican material. Type: Holotype not designated but may be considered to be a specimen without locality data from the Turner Herbarium, now in Kew, England. It is annotated “This is Turner’s idea of G. crinale and may be taken as the type. f W.A.S.”’ An isotype fragment of this speci- men is on sheet 55234 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: Rocks at Kilmouth, Cornwall, England. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif.—several collections, Isla Guadalupe, Dec.; Osorio-Tafall 8/21/46, Bahia Magdalena, Aug. Gulf of Calif.—D. 692-40, Isla Turner, July; D. 322a-40, Bahia Gon- zaga, Jan. Sinaloa—D. 3612, Mazatlan, Dec. Of the collections listed above some of the Isla Guadalupe specimens and the Bahia Gonzaga plant appear to be referable to the sparsely branched var. lubricus (Kiitzing) Hauck. A small irregularly pinnately branched plant about 1.5 cm. high from Acapulco, Guerrero (D. 3875) appears to be related here to judge from its habit and transection. The tetrasporangia, however, are borne in blunt or slightly cordate-tipped lateral branches, and the rhizoidal fila- ments are scantily developed in upper parts of the plants. This may be a distinct species, possibly of Pterocladia, but it is best referred here tentatively. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 65 Gelidium crinale var. luxurians Collins Plate 4, figs. 4-5 Collins, 1903, in Collins, Holden & Setchell, P.B.A. No. 1138; Gardner, 1927a, p. 277, pl. 46, fig. 1, pl. 47, fig. 3. Thalli saxicolous, 2.0-7.0 cm. high, rather densely tufted or con- gested, consisting of a loose mass of primary rhizomatous branches, attached by small discs and semi-penetrating tips, from which arise numerous erect branches; erect fronds 150-250 p» in diameter, compressed to flattened and of rather uniform diameter throughout, pinnately branched in 2-3 orders, the branches alternate or opposite, of irregular spacing and length; transection broadly oval, showing a prominent sub- cortex, a very limited medulla, often of a single row of thick-walled cells, and a moderate to small number of rhizoidal filaments aggregated along the central medullary line; tetrasporangial sori borne on sub- terminal, slightly swollen areas of acute fertile branches, sometimes ex- tending continuously back into 2-3 orders of branches; cystocarps and antheridia not seen in Mexican material. Type: Holotype not designated. Syntypes are number 1139 in Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Type Locatity: Pacific Beach, San Diego County, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif —D. 265, 8 km. south of Punta Descanso, Jan.; D. 174, 180, shore at Rio San Telmo, Jan.; D. 8774, outer shore, San Quintin peninsula, Jan.; D. 8697, Punta Baja, Jan. The size, habit and tetrasporangial characters, and particularly the structure of this plant are quite unlike those of the other variants of Gelidium crinale along this coast, but apparently the same degree of variation is to be found in other parts of the world inhabited by this widespread species. Gelidium nudifrons Gardner Gardner, 1927a, p. 274, pl. 43, pl. 37, fig. 2; Dawson, 1949, p. 227. Thalli saxicolous, to 25 cm. high, consisting of much-branched erect parts from a small holdfast of branched, adherent stolons; erect fronds compressed throughout, 300-500 (730) » in diameter, without percurrent axes, repeatedly, irregularly, alternately and rather distantly branched, mostly at intervals of 1-2 cm., subdistichous but not apparently so, all of the vegetative branches indeterminate, without short branchlets, or with only a few; transection oval, showing rhizoidal filaments massed in the 66 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 subcortical area and scattered in the medulla, not strictly longitudinal ; cystocarps (not seen in Mexican material) single, on short simple ulti- mate ramuli; antheridia unknown; tetrasporangia in elliptical sori in the swollen tips of sparse, short, simple (or branched) ultimate branchlets. Type: Holotype is Gardner 4994b, on sheet 264686 in the Her- barium of the University of California, Berkeley. TYPE LOCALITY: Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—Hubbs, Feb. 9, 1951, Bahia de Todos Santos; American Agar Co., Nov. 1932, south of Ensenada; D. 1502, Punta Santa Rosalia, Apr.; D. 1377, Millers Land- ing, Apr. No specimens approaching the coarseness of the more northern Gelid- ium arborescens have been taken thus far in Mexico. Our plants seem to be quite identical with the Japanese plant known as G. linoides Kitz. It is necessary to review the type of this Hawaiian alga whose tropical habitat suggests that it is probably distinct from the Japanese and Pacific American plants, both of which inhabit waters of appreciably lower temperature. Gelidium polystichum Gardner Gardner, 1927a, p. 276, pl. 41; Dawson, 1949a, p. 24. Thalli to 15 cm. high, consisting of several erect axes from a small loose group of prostrate or arcuate, semi-penetrating stolons attached to aggregated rock-covering crustose corallines, worm tubes, sponges, etc. ; erect axes subterete or compressed at the base, flattened above to about 1 mm. wide, more or less denuded in lower parts, with 2-3 orders of closely spaced, alternate or subopposite branches of which usually the greater number are distichous from the margins, but of which many arise polystichously without order from the flattened surfaces of the branches, each order progressively smaller, giving the main branches a narrow- pyramidal aspect at the tips, and an irregularly congested aspect in the prominently polystichous regions; rhizoidal filaments straight, concen- trated in the subcortical area, scattered in the medulla; tetrasporangia borne in small sori on the somewhat expanded tips of ultimate branchlets ; cystocarps and antheridia not seen in Mexican material. Type: Holotype is Gardner 1927 on sheet 284088 in the Her- barium of the University of California, Berkeley. TYPE LOCALITY: In drift at Whites Point, near San Pedro, Cali- fornia. NO. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 67 MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: D. 8504, 8383, Isla Guadalupe, Dec. (tetrasporic). Both of these collections seem to be identical with material of this species collected on Santa Catalina Island, California (Dawson 1949a, p. 24). It remains the only outstandingly polystichous Gelidium thus far known from the Pacific Coast. Gelidium decompositum Setchell & Gardner Setchell & Gardner, 1924, p. 743, pl. 71; Dawson, 1944, p. 260. Thalli 6-9 cm. high, attached to crustose corallines on rocks by a few loose, creeping stolons with more or less penetrating branches, con- sisting above of one or a few, much-branched erect fronds which are flattened throughout; central axis 0.6-0.8 mm. (or up to 1.5 mm.) wide, divided irregularly some distance from the base into several primary branches, these in turn densely 2-3 times irregularly, alternately pinnate- ly branched, each order successively more slender but flattened ; pinnae of each different order variable in length, nearly perpendicular to the axis of origin, those of the ultimate and subultimate orders often densely matted together; rhizoidal filaments absent in terminal and subterminal ramuli, scattered through the medulla of primary axes; reproduction unknown. Type: Holotype is Johnston 23, June 1921, No. 1344 in the Her- barium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Type LocALity: Bahia San Francisquito, Baja California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—D. 1021, Isla Partida, Feb.; D. 1038, Isla Raza, Feb. This remarkable plant which resembles the densely branched form of Pterocladia pyramidale in gross aspect, is known only from a very small region in the northwestern Gulf of California. Although specimens have been taken both in February and in June, reproductive material has not yet come to light. The structure of the thallus in transection seems to be that of Gelidium, though one should recognize the possibility that the plant may prove to be a Pterocladia. Gelidium coronadense sp. nov. Plate 4, fig. 6; Plate 22, figs. 2-3 Thallis dense rosulatis, 3-4 cm. altis; partibus erectis 3 ordinum ramorum planorum 150-210 » crassis, dense congestorum, pinnatorum, alternatorum oppositorumve, cuiusque ordinis 900-200 jw continenter angustioris; ramis deciduis a parte inferiore caulis; filamentis rhizoideis 68 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 congestis per regionem medullarem, paucis in subcortice; cystocarpiis solitariis, abundantibus, 350 » diametro, plus minusve terminalibus in pinnis ultimis; tetrasporangiis in soris multo elongatis, ope marginum distinctarum, sterilium terminatis. Thalli saxicolous, densely tufted, 3-4 cm. high, consisting of several densely branched erect fronds from a small, discoid holdfast augmented by a number of short, partially adherent stolons, sometimes the stolons spreading a few mm. and giving rise to erect branches from secondary attachment discs; erect fronds stipitate, at first cylindrical but becoming flat, 600-900 p in diameter, 150-210 uw thick, consisting of 3 orders of densely congested, pinnate, alternate or opposite branchlets, each order successively narrower, ultimately to 300-200 » wide, closely spaced at intervals of 1000-300 p, progressively shorter toward the apex and form- ing a rounded outline to the tuft, becoming deciduous in lower parts and leaving the lower 1 cm. of the main axis bare except for short peg-like remnants ; thallus in transection showing abundant longitudinal rhizoidal filaments congested throughout the medullary region and only a few scattered in the subcortical region; cystocarps solitary, abundant, about 350 » in diameter, more or less terminal on the ends of ultimate pinnae; antheridia unknown; tetrasporangia irregularly arranged in usually much elongated sori often occupying the whole length of ultimate and sub- ultimate ramuli, these ramuli expanded to 400-500 » wide in fertile areas and with a distinct sterile margin bounding the sorus. Type: Holotype is Dawson 4223, June 20, 1947, on sheet 54671, including vial 2137, in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: On middle littoral rocks on the east side of the North Island, Los Coronados, Baja California, Mexico. The densely tufted habit, the narrow, elongated tetrasporangial sori and the medullary congestion of rhizoidal filaments mark this small species as distinctive in the Mexican flora. Gelidium deciduum sp. nov. Plate 5, fig. 4; Plate 22, fig. 1 Thallis ad 20 cm. altis, multis frondibus erectis e haptero implicato ramorum stolonoideorum; caulibus primariis percurrentibus, infra 1.5- 2.3 mm. diametro, compressis, circa 1 mm. crassis, supra circa 1.5 mm. latis, 350 crassis, parce ramatis, at in partibus superioribus multas pin- natas ramulas spissas 3 ordinum parientibus, gradatim minores diametro quam caulem primam, deciduas in partibus vetustioribus; filamentis rhizoideis parcis in medulla, congestis in zona peripherali circa 45 p latis; tetrasporangiis in soris ovatis in terminis expansis ramularum ultimarum. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 69 Thalli saxicolous, to 20 cm. high, consisting of many erect fronds from a tangled holdfast of stolonoid branches; erect primary axes per- current, below compressed, 1.5-2.3 mm. in diameter and about 1 mm. thick, above 1.5 mm. wide and 350 p thick, sparingly branched, but pro- ducing in upper parts an abundance of closely set pinnate branchlets of three orders, these progressively smaller in diameter than the main axis and becoming deciduous in older parts 2-4 cm. back of the tips so that older axes are nude except for persistent peg-like bases of some of the branchlets; pinnate branchlets irregularly alternate, averaging about 1 mm. apart, somewhat constricted at the base, sometimes a little geniculate at first, but normally standing at about a 60° angle from the bear- ing axis; transection showing a medulla of cells ranging from 7 to 16 » in diameter; rhizoidal filaments sparse in the medulla, congested in a subcortical zone about 45 » wide; cystocarps and antheridia not observed ; tetrasporangia borne in vaguely decussate rows in ovate sori occupying the expanded and rounded or pointed ends of short ultimate branchlets. Type: Holotype is Dawson 3413, November 9, 1946, on sheet 54673, including vial 2122 and slides 1315-1316, in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: At mean low water and below on a granitoid reef, Cabeza Ballena, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Same locality, D. 6795, March 11, 1949. This is the largest and coarsest species thus far obtained from tropical waters along the Mexican coast. In gross appearance it is somewhat sug-: gestive of Gelidium crispum Howe or G. cartilagineum (L.) Gaill., but is distinct in several ways from these and other Pacific species: in its very closely set and alternately arranged small branchlets of the second, third, and fourth orders, in the deciduous nature of these leaving the older axes nude except for peg-like remnants, and in the very small, soli- tary, ovate tetrasporangial sori on the ends of non-cordate, ultimate ramuli. On all of the material collected thus far there is an abundance of attached animal organisms (bryozoa, sponges, hydroids, etc.) as well as a heavy encrustation of a coarse, brittle melobesioid. Gelidium papenfussii Loomis Plate 5, fig. 3 Loomis, 1949, p. 1, pls. 1, 2, 3, 8. Thalli saxicolous, to 16 cm. high, consisting of several to many erect fronds from a holdfast of entangled, adherent stolons; erect fronds con- sisting of a more or less percurrent, complanate, primary axis 0.6-0.8 mm. 70 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 wide, often unbranched in its lower parts, this giving rise to 3-4 orders of progressively more slender distichous, alternate or subopposite branches, in part closely spaced and congested, the ultimate ones sub- cylindrical and only 100-130 pw in diameter; transection of older parts showing a medulla of more or less uniform cells of distinctly granular content; rhizoidal filaments congested in a subcortical zone, sparsely scattered through the medulla; cystocarps and antheridia not seen in Mexican material; tetrasporangia in relatively small, terminal sori in swollen, blunt tips of slender, long-stipitate, fertile branchlets of the ultimate and subultimate orders. Type: Holotype not designated, but represented by one or more specimens under Loomis 5291, June 30, 1930, in the private collection of Mrs. Nina Loomis, 1324 North Ogden Avenue, Hollywood, Cali- fornia. Isotype preparations are on slides 1104-1105 in HAHF. Type LocaLity: In beach drift, Palisades, Santa Monica, Cali- fornia. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 1162, Punta Baja, Apr. ; D. 2915, near Punta Santa Rosalia, Oct. Although some other sterile examples may be referable here, at least the two tetrasporangial collections cited above seem unquestionably identical with this species. ‘he long, slender, subcylindrical tetrasporang- ial branchlets with rather small terminal sori distinguish this species from Gelidium pulchrum and G. purpurascens. Gelidium coulteri Harvey Harvey, 1853, p. 117; Smith, 1944, p. 196, pl. 44, fig. 5; Dawson, 1945b, p. 65; Dawson, 1949, p. 222, 227; Doty, 1947, p. 163. Gelidium densum Gardner, as interpreted by Taylor, 1945, p. 156. Thalli densely tufted, dark reddish-brown to blackish in color, 2-7 cm. high, or sometimes to 18 cm. high depending upon the degree of exposure in the intertidal zone, saxicolous or partially epiphytic on coral- line turfs, attached by a complex of branched stolons; erect primary axes usually unbranched below, irregularly distichously and rather sparsely branched above, compressed to flattened in lower parts, subcylindrical above, 0.4-0.8 mm. in diameter, all the main branches provided with more or less uniform short, subcylindrical, ascending, determinate, dis- tichous branchlets 0.6-2.0 mm. long; medulla of thick-walled cells about 13-15 » in diameter; rhizoidal filaments strictly longitudinal, densely packed in a broad subcortical and outer medullary zone and more or less No. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 71 densely scattered in the inner medulla depending upon the branch age; secondary pits moderately conspicuous in inner medulla; carposporic plants infrequent; cystocarps 250-400 u in diameter, borne singly in the middle of short, simple or compound ultimate branchlets, the branchlet prolonged into a simple or branched apex above the cystocarp, or the cystocarpic branchlet also bearing several of the same short, marginal, determinate branchlets as occur on sterile branches; antheridia unknown; tetrasporangial sori variously shaped, on simple, lobed, branched or de- compound, slightly swollen fertile branchlets, these when compound forming densely congested masses on the upper parts of the axes. Tyre: Holotype is a collection of several specimens by Dr. Coulter, in the Harvey Herbarium, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. An isotype is on sheet 53929 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: Monterey, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—This species is a common inhabitant of the areas of lower water temperature throughout Pacific Baja California where it has been collected at Punta Descanso, Bahia de Todos Santos, Punta Santo Tomas, Cabo Colnett, outer San Quintin peninsula, Socorro, Punta Baja, Punta Maria, Punta Santa Rosalia, Millers Landing, Islas San Benito, Isla Cedros, Bahia Asuncion, Punta Abreojos and Punta Pequefa. Its southern limit appears to coin- cide with the southernmost area of upwelling along Baja California, namely at Isla Magdalena. The species is extremely variable in size, in density of branching, in dimension of branches and in degree of branching of fertile branches. Some much reduced fertile plants have been found, in exposed turfs, which are less than 1 cm. high with very reduced lateral branching except at the apex. On the other hand, specimens nearly 20 cm. high have been found in protected pools where luxuriant but less densely tufted growth is characteristic. While some plants may be quite coarse and flattened in lower parts, others may be very slender throughout with main branches never exceeding 0.5 mm. Throughout all of the collections, the most distinctive and readily recognized feature is the presence, particularly and consistently in lower, sterile parts, of the more or less regular short, determinate, distichous, ascending pinnae. Gelidium cartilagineum var. robustum Gardner Gardner, 1927a, p. 280, pl. 54; Smith, 1944, p. 196, pl. 43, fig. 4; Taylor, 1945, p. 157. 72 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL Thalli saxicolous, 15-28 cm. high in the intertidal zone, to 125 cm. high in the infratidal, consisting of several to many erect, long-stipitate fronds arising from a holdfast of entangled stolons, brownish to purplish- red in color; fronds compressed throughout except in lower parts of stipe, 1.5-2.0 (or to 3) mm. wide in broadest main parts, repeatedly and distichously branched, the branches mostly opposite, but in part alternate; young branches at first standing almost at right angles at the base, geni- culate, the outer end almost parallel with the branch from which it arises, later all branches straightening and standing at about a 45° angle; thallus in transection showing an abundance of rhizoidal filaments in the subcortical region and a very few scattered among the medullary cells; fructiferous ramuli short, blunt and repeatedly branched; cystocarps usually single and below the center of the ramule, the outer ends of which are commonly branched; antheridia superficial, borne in elong- ated sori occupying the middle of the flattened surfaces on either side of terminal parts of branchlets; tetrasporangia borne in sori on the outer ends of expanded ramuli with cordate apices. Type: Holotype is a collection by Gardner on sheet 294572 in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. Type Locatity: Near Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—This plant finds its region of maximum development in the infratidal, rocky, coastal areas bathed by cold upwelling water. In such areas, as for example along Punta Banda and at Punta Santo Tomas, this plant becomes excep- tionally abundant and luxuriant, some individuals reaching more than a meter in length and consisting of hundreds of erect fronds. It ap- pears to occur all along the Pacific peninsular coast, but is confined primarily to those areas where moderate to strong upwelling occurs. In the intertidal zone it extends at least as far as Punta Entrada, Isla Mag- dalena where plants up to 27 cm. high have been taken in March and in May. It has recently been collected at Islas San Benito and at Punta San Eugenio, but in the Bahia Vizcaino area where temperatures are pro- hibitively high, it is absent, or at best occurs only occasionally as a de- pauperate individual. Gelidium purpurascens Gardner Plate 5, fig. 1 Gardner, 1927a, p. 275, pl. 38, 39. Gelidium pulchrum Gardner, as interpreted by Dawson, 1945b, p. 60, as to Cabo Colnett specimen. no. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 73 Thalli saxicolous, 7-20 cm. high, consisting of several to many erect fronds from a holdfast of a group of stolons; primary branches about 1 mm. wide, compressed to about 320 yp thick, giving rise to about 3 orders of irregularly alternate or subopposite, distichous, compressed branches decreasing in breadth to about 400 » in the ultimate order; branchlets more or less geniculate at first, later standing at about 45° angles, nar- rower and more nearly cylindrical at the base; transection showing a medulla of mixed large and small cells (7-21 » in diameter) of granular content; rhizoidal filaments congested in the subcortex but also scattered through the medulla; cystocarps 800-900 » in diameter, usually solitary on segments of compound fructiferous branches, the branch bearing the first cystocarp usually developing fertile lateral ramuli below and be- coming elongated and at times branched above the cystocarp; tetra- sporangia borne in elongate-elliptical sori on the swollen, blunt ends of the rather short, ultimate ramuli, commonly producing additional fertile lateral ramuli below but not prolonged above; antheridia not seen in Mexican material. Type: Holotype is Gardner, June 8, on sheet 93572 in the Her- barium of the University of California, Berkeley. Typr LocaLity: Moss Beach, San Mateo County, Calif. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 5302, Punta Descanso, Sept. (tetrasporic) ; D. 50, Cabo Colnett, Jan. (cystocarpic). Some other collections from northern Baja California are seemingly ~ near Gelidium purpurascens, but tend to have tetrasporangial branchlets approaching the condition in G. papenfussii. In the absence of more ex- tensive series of specimens including both sexual and asexual material, these variants cannot satisfactorily be interpreted. Typical examples of G. purpurascens are considerably more robust in lower parts than G. pulchrum and tend to have more and longer lateral branches than that species. The cystocarpic branchlets differ in being extended and branched above and in having fertile branchlets arising from below the first formed cystocarps. Gelidium johnstonii Setchell & Gardner Setchell & Gardner, 1924, p. 742, pl. 72, 73, 46 fig. a; Dawson, 1944, p. 260; Dawson, 1949, p. 233, 237. Thalli saxicolous, 5-12 cm. high, consisting of several erect fronds arising from a holdfast of entangled, branched stolons with adherent discs; erect parts flattened throughout, expanded above the short, stipi- 74 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 tate base to 1.0-1.5 mm. broad, repeatedly distichously branched, the branches mostly opposite, but in part alternate; ultimate pinnate branch- lets appearing regular and of quite uniform size, 1-2 mm. long and less than 0.5 mm. broad; transection of younger parts showing numerous rhizoidal filaments confined mainly to the subcortical zone, but in older parts the medulla more or less densely packed with rhizoidal filaments, some of them somewhat interlaced ; tetrasporangia formed in elongated sori in somewhat expanded distal parts of ultimate branchlets; cysto- carps abundant, about 550 yu broad, solitary in distal part of each pin- nule; antheridia unknown. Tyre: Holotype is Johnston 27, June 1921, No. 1343 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cali- fornia. An isotype is on sheet 69, including slides 210, 1072-1074, in HAHF. Type LocaALity: Bahia San Francisquito, Baja California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 1451, Punta Santa Rosalia, Apr. (sterile) ; D. 6720 (Mar.), D. 9299 (May), Punta Entrada, Isla Magdalena; Osorio-Tafall, May 1944, dredged in 6-8 m., Man of War Cove, Bahia Magdalena. Gulf of Calif—The most abundant of the larger gelidia, found at most rocky shore stations be- tween Bahia Tepoca on the north and Bahia Agua Verde on the south. Although more than 225 mature reproductive specimens from some 20 stations have been examined, no antheridial plants have been detected. The ratio of cystocarpic to tetrasporic plants is about one to two. The abundance of cystocarps is rather unusual, too, for a single plant bears one on each of many hundreds of ultimate pinnules. A striking anatomical feature is the usual abundance of rhizoidal filaments in the medulla, although in young parts and in mature parts of some examples they are confined mainly to the subcortex as in most other species of Gelidium. The more or less uniform length of the ultimate pinnules gives this species a characteristic regularity of branching which distinguishes it from others in the Mexican flora. Gelidium pulchrum Gardner Plate 5, fig. 2 Gardner, 1927a, p. 279, pl. 50-53; Doty, 1947, p. 163; Dawson, 1949, p. 222. Thalli saxicolous, 7-23 cm. high, consisting of several to many erect fronds from a holdfast of branched stolons attached by small discs; pri- mary branches about 500-600 (to 750) y» in diameter, compressed to No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 75 complanate, giving rise to about 3 orders of irregularly alternate or sub- opposite, distichous lateral branchlets, the first 1-2 orders of long, in- determinate branches, but the ultimate and subultimate orders relatively short and often more or less uniform in length, giving a non-congested aspect; successive branch-orders reduced slightly in diameter; ultimate branchlets not markedly geniculate; transection showing a medulla of rather irregular sized cells up to 18 p» in diameter, the rhizoidal fila- ments strictly longitudinal, in a dense subcortical zone with only a few scattered in the medulla; cystocarps (not seen in Mexican material) usually solitary in the center of a short, acute branchlet, these not branched or much prolonged above and usually not producing additional fertile branchlets below; tetrasporangia in terminal sori in short, blunt, usually simple or lobed ultimate ramuli; antheridia (not seen in Mex- ican material) in longer ramuli which are quite variable in diameter in different parts. Type: Holotype is Gardner 2569 on sheet 295841 in the Her- barium of the University of California, Berkeley. TyprE LocALITY: Laguna Beach, Orange County, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif.—D. 263, 8 km. south of Punta Descanso, Jan. (tetrasporic) ; D. 1239 (Apr.), 8648 (Dec.), Socorro (tetrasporic) ; D. 8820, Punta Baja, Jan. (tetrasporic) ; D. 8700, shore at Cafiada Quemado, Jan. (tetrasporic). This species seems distinct from Gelidium purpurascens on the one hand by its more slender proportions and by its solitary cystocarps, and from G. papenfussii on the other by its usually shorter, more uniform ultimate and subultimate branches and short, usually simple (or lobed) tetrasporangial branchlets. Gelidium ?P sonorense sp. nov. Plate 5, fig. 5; Plate 21, fig. 2 Thallis 4-6 cm. altis, in fascibus laxis; partibus erectis planis, anguste ligulatis, 180-230 p crassis, 900-1100 yw latis, aperte pinnateque ramosis intervallis valde irregularibus; ramis 2-3 ordinum, in omnibus ordinibus fere eiusdem latitudinis ; filamentis rhizoideis abundantibus per medullam subcorticemque; tetrasporangiis in soris anguste elongatis in ramis ordi- num superiorum, ope marginum prominentium, sterilium limbatis. Thalli saxicolous, loosely clumping, 4-6 cm. high, consisting of several semi-erect or spreading stipitate fronds arising from a few short, creep- ing, stoloniferous branches attached by several small discs or pegs; erect 76 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 parts flat, narrowly ligulate, 180-230 p thick, 900-1100 p» wide, openly pinnately branched at very irregular intervals, the branches of 2-3 orders, but of such variable length as to show no regular branching pattern; branches tapering to the base, all blunt-tipped and of about the same breadth in all orders (except in old, proliferous, animal-damaged plants) ; transection both of old and young portions showing an abundance of rhizoidal filaments throughout the medulla and subcortical regions; cystocarps and antheridia unknown; tetrasporangia borne irregularly in narrow-elongate sori occupying the mid-portions of branches of the ultimate and subultimate orders and bordered by a prominent sterile margin. Type: Holotype is Dawson 3551, Nov. 20, 1946, on sheet 54672 including vial 2125 and slides 1311-1314 in HAHF. Type Locality: On intertidal rocks near Puerto San Carlos on Bahia de San Francisco, vicinity of Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. The irregularity of length and spacing of branches, the nearly uni- form width of branches of all orders, the abundance of rhizoidal fila- ments both in the medulla and in the subcortex, and the large, narrow- elongate tetrasporangial sori mark this species as distinct among the gelidia of medium size along Pacific Mexico. Pterocladia caloglossoides (Howe) comb. nov. Plate 6, fig. 1 Gelidium caloglossoides Howe, 1914, p. 96, pl. 34, fig. 7, pl. 35, fig. 1-12; Hollenberg, 1942, p. 534. Thalli small, creeping, repent or in part erect, to 6 mm. high, flat- tened throughout, consisting of a ligulate, creeping portion about 500 p» wide attached at close intervals to the crustose coralline substrate by small discs, with 1-3 divaricate branches arising from the thallus mar- gins on either side of these nodes, these branches in part repent and in turn producing discs and lateral branches, and in part erect or ascending, usually simple, ligulate or linear-lanceolate, 300-500 » wide with atten- uate or rather acute tips; transection showing a cortex of 3-4 layers of successively smaller pigmented cells and a medulla of a single (or ir- regularly double row) of relatively large, thick-walled cells in part surrounded by groups of straight rhizoidal filaments; tetrasporangia borne in regular V-shaped rows in sori on somewhat expanded tips of erect branches; cystocarps unilocular, borne singly or in series of 2-3 on erect branches, bulging about equally on each side of the fertile blade; antheridia not seen. NO. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO Tt Type: Holotype is Coker 59, in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. TYPE LocALITy: At a depth of 5 meters, Isla San Lorenzo, Peru. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 8593, Isla Guadalupe, Dec. (tetrasporic and cystocarpic). Jalisco—D. 3733, Barra de Navidad, Dec. (cystocarpic). The tetrasporic plants from Isla Guadalupe appear to be identical in details of habit, morphology and anatomy with the species described by Howe and attributed to southern California by Hollenberg. Two cystocarpic plants in this material and several in the Jalisco collection show the plant to be a Pterocladia, as the arrangement of the rhizoidal filaments also would suggest. Although it will be necessary to obtain Peruvian material in the cystocarpic phase for positive confirmation of the present transfer, the close correspondence of the tetrasporangial plants of the Mexican and Peruvian collections seems to justify the action. Taylor’s Pterocladia musciformis from Costa Rica, to judge from the habit and tetrasporic reproduction, appears to be a closely related species differing in its subcylindrical basal rhizomes and dissimilar branching. Its position in Pterocladia has not been verified by the discovery of cysto- carps. The plant from Monterey, California figured as Gelidium calogloss- oides by Smith, 1945, pl. 44, figs. 3-4, has decidedly pinnate erect parts unlike either the Mexican or Peruvian specimens and is in this respect’ more suggestive of the species described below as Pterocladia parva. Pterocladia parva sp. nov. Plate 6, fig. 2 Thallis parvis, uno usque etiam compluribus ramis, erectis vel re- pentibus, e partibus rhizomatiformibus subteretis vel compressis minor- ibus quam 200 p» diametro, ope paxillorum parvorum vel discorum fixis ; ramis erectis, liberis ad 15 mm. longis, supra complanatis, 300-500 p» latis, semel vel bis irregulariter pinnatis; pinnis interdum valde confertis ; filamentis rhizoideis aggregatis intra zonam medullarem angustam; cystocarpis prope terminos ramularum liberarum. Thalli small, growing on shells and crustose corallines on rock sur- faces, consisting of subterete or compressed rhizome-like creeping parts from which arise suberect, free branches; creeping branches less than 200 ». wide, fastened at frequent intervals by a peg- or disc-like attachment, giving rise from these nodes to one or several free branches some of which may become determinate, repent and attached; indeterminate free 78 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 branches to 15 mm. long, complanate except at the very base, 300-500 p wide, 1-2 times pinnate, the ultimate pinnae of irregular length, often rather closely spaced at irregular intervals in groups, usually with acute tips; transection showing numerous rhizoidal filaments aggregated with- in a narrow medullary zone; cystocarps unilocular, borne near the ends of free branchlets ; antheridia and tetrasporangia unknown. Type: Holotype is Dawson 425, Feb. 7, 1946, on sheet 4181, in- cluding slides 1178-1181, in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: On precipitous shore rocks at the village of San Felipe, northern Gulf coast of Baja California. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 410, on intertidal rocks just north of Punta San Felipe, Baja Calif., Feb. This species shows several features in common with Pterocladia musciformis Taylor from which it differs in its larger size, its extensive free parts, and the groups of closely spaced pinnate branchlets. Unfor- tunately the tetrasporic phase which one would expect to yield diagnostic characters does not occur in the present collections. Smith’s illustration (1945, pl. 44) of a plant from Monterey, Cali- fornia which he identifies as Gelidium caloglossoides Howe suggests a closer affinity with the present plant than with Howe’s species. Pterocladia complanata Loomis Loomis, 1949, p. 4, pl. 6, figs. 1-2, pl. 7, figs. 1-4, pl. 9. Thalli saxicolous, to 12 cm. high, consisting of many erect fronds arising from a holdfast of entangled, branched, adherent stolons; erect parts flattened throughout, 0.6-1.2 mm. broad, 100-250 p» thick, repeat- edly pinnately branched, the branches either opposite or alternate, the ultimate ones more or less spatulate, constricted at the base, 300-400 p wide; transection showing a moderate abundance of rhizoidal filaments mainly confined and concentrated in the middle of the medulla; sexual reproductive plants approximately as plentiful as the asexual ones; tet- rasporangia borne in linear sori occupying the middle of the surfaces of ultimate branchlets; sori much elongated and often extending far down from the tips of branchlets, or even into the order of branches below the last ; cystocarps frequent, usually borne singly near the bases of ultimate branchlets or of branches of lesser orders, or sometimes more than one cystocarp on a branch; antheridia in elongated or linear superficial sori on either side of ultimate or subultimate branches. no. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 79 Type: Holotype is Loomis 5330, July 22, 1934, in the private collection of Mrs. Nina Loomis, 1324 North Ogden Ave., Hollywood, California. Isotype preparations are on slides 1187-1188 in HAHF. TYPE LocaLity: In beach drift, Anaheim Landing, Orange Coun- ty, Calif. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif.—D. 264, 8 km. south of Punta Descanso, Jan.; D. 10394, Punta San Eugenio, Nov. The Mexican plants compare favorably in all essentials with the type of the species. The characters which differentiate it from Pterocladia pyramidale are to be found in the basal cystocarps, the linear, extensive tetrasporangial and antheridial sori, and in the near-unity ratio of sexual to asexual plants. Several characters considered distinctive by Loomis, namely, the relative thallus size, color, number of cortical layers, and the size and shape of medullary rhizoidal filaments, do not seem to hold good when compared in series with P. pyramidale. Pterocladia pyramidale (Gardner) Dawson Dawson, 1945, p. 93; Dawson, 1945b, p. 65; Dawson, 1949, p. 228. Gelidium pyramidale Gardner, 1927a, p. 273, pls. 36, 37, fig. 1, 45, 46, fig. 2. Gelidium okamurai Setchell & Gardner, 1937, p. 75, pl. 6, fig. 16, pl. 17, fig. 38. Pterocladia okamurai (S. & G.) Taylor, 1945, p. 161. Pterocladia okamurai forma densa Taylor, 1945, p. 161, pl. 37, fig. 1.. Pterocladia mexicana ‘Taylor, 1945, p. 159, pl. 35. Pterocladia robusta Taylor, 1945, p. 160, pl. 36. Gelidium pulchrum Gardner, as to Cedros Island specimen interpreted by Dawson, 1949, p. 229. Thalli 10-25 cm. high, consisting of several abundantly, irregularly but distichously branched erect axes arising from a holdfast of entangled stolons; erect axes compressed to strongly flattened, 0.6-1.5 mm. broad in lower parts, 120-220 (350) p thick, 0.6-0.3 mm. broad above and often becoming reduced and attenuated to 100 » wide or less; branching commonly irregularly alternate, but often opposite in part or nearly so, moderately loose and open with intervals of 2-3 mm. between branches, or sometimes densely, congestedly branched above, the filiform branchlets becoming entangled and somewhat matted; branchlets tapered to a con- stricted base; transection elliptical in older parts, consisting of a medulla of rather thick-walled cells 12-20 » in diameter grading into a pig- mented cortex of about 3 layers, the outermost of cells slightly anti- clinally elongated, to 5.0-6.5 ». high, the medulla provided with a moder- ate to large number of rhizoidal filaments, these concentrated in the 80 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 median area, or commonly in older parts more densely grouped at the lateral margins of the medulla, rarely extending into the subcortex; sexual plants few; cystocarps unilateral, 500-600 p» in diameter, solitary on the distal part of a branchlet, with a single, rostrate ostiole; antheri- dial sori elongate elliptical, superficial in the middle of the distal portion of a branchlet ; tetrasporangial sori usually elongated, on terminal parts of somewhat swollen branchlets. Type: Holotype is a collection by Mrs. E. Snyder, Jan. 1898, on sheet 77876 in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. Isotypes are represented under number 585 of Phycotheca Boreali- Americana. TypeE LocaLity: In tide pools, La Jolla, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—At many stations at various seasons along the peninsular coast to Isla Magdalena; also at Isla Guadalupe, Isla Cedros and Islas San Benito. Revillagigedo Archip. —Howell 462, Isla Clarion, Mar. Comparison of a series of Pacific Baja California specimens of Ptero- cladia pyramidale with type material of P. okamurai reveals no satis- factory differences between them. The only character pointed out in the original description which suggests a distinction is the relatively few rhizoidal filaments of the medulla. A survey of a number of specimens of undoubted P. pyramidale, however, indicates that the quantity of rhiz- oidal filaments is a variable character and one which must be used with caution in making specific distinctions. Taylor (1945) has identified a number of specimens from the Gala- pagos Archipelago as Pterocladia okamurai and has described the forma densa to represent plants with the abundant, slender, congested branch- lets of upper parts. Plants bearing these more filiform, congested branch- lets occur throughout the range of P. pyramidale in Mexico, and such branchlets are so indiscriminately developed that a single plant may con- sist of parts of contrasting size and branching-habit. It seems unwise to attempt to maintain forma densa as a clearly distinguishable entity. Study of others of Taylor’s Galapagos collections seems to show that the type of Pterocladia robusta is only a more luxuriant, less abundantly branched and somewhat broader example of the plant he identifies as P. okamurai. Examples of P. pyramidale with similarly broad segments are to be found along the California and Mexican coasts. Moore (1945) has pointed out the unsatisfactory status of the Mexican Pterocladia okamurai S. & G., as well as the Japanese “P. nana, P. tenuis and P. densa of Okamura who gives no very convincing No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 81 character separating them from P. capillaceum.” Indeed, P. tenuis of Japan appears to be quite indistinguishable from the usual form of P. pyramidale as understood in California, while the congestedly branched form also occurs in Japan where it is known under the name P. densa. Now, with the reduction of P. okamurai under P. pyramidale, it is equal- ly difficult to point out any clear-cut differences between P. pyramidale and P. capillacea. It is not unlikely that all of these names may be de- stined for combination as representatives of one polymorphic species, but it must be left to a monographer of the group to decide whether and how the north Pacific plants may be distinguished from the Mediter- ranean P. capillacea, and whether the Australian plants currently re- cognized under the latter name are in fact identical with the European. From a comparison of Pacific North American and Australian-New Zealand material, it seems probable that the plants from these areas are conspecific. There remains one other Mexican Pterocladia to be considered: P. mexicana Taylor. Several topotype collections of this plant including all reproductive phases, are at hand from Isla Magdalena. All of these fall within the range of variation of P. pyramidale and show that the type represents merely a coarse, less-flattened-than-usual form of that species. Gelidiella ligulata sp. nov. Plate 6, figs. 3-5 Thallis 1.5-4 cm. altis, erectis, primarie haud ramificatis, laminis ligulatis e ramis basalibus, subcylindricis, implicatis, repentibus, pene- trabilibus; laminis 800-1300 yp latis, 150-200 p crassis, decrescentibus ad margines, post maturitatem ramulas pinnatas spissas, deciduas ad vel prope extremitates parientibus; filamentis rhizoideis absentibus. Thalli 1.5-4.0 cm. high, consisting of erect blades 1.0-3 cm. high from irregularly branched, creeping, entangling, subcylindrical basal parts 400-500 p» in diameter growing around and partially penetrating small saxicolous sponges, mollusks, corallines and debris; erect blades at first unbranched, ligulate, gradually expanded and flattened from the subcylindrical base, 800-1300 » wide or more, 150-200 p» thick in the center, tapered to the thin (30-40 «) edges, the usually rounded apices in youth with a distinct apical cell, in age becoming attenuated and cylin- drical and often more or less contorted; older blades becoming closely pinnately branched near the extremities, some of these branches ligulate, others subcylindrical or cylindrical, readily deciduous and apparently serving as a vegetative means of reproduction; internal structure con- 82 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 sisting of a medulla of elongated cells mostly 16-18 » in diameter, up to 150 » long, and a cortex of about 3 layers of smaller and shorter cells, the outermost angular, isodiametrical, about 5 » in diameter; secondary pits conspicuous in the medulla; central axial filament often readily observed in transections of young material, surrounded by 6-7 pericentral cells; rhizoidal filaments absent ; reproduction by spores unknown. Type: Holotype is Dawson 6808, Mar. 11, 1949, on sheet 54721, including vial 2149 and slide 1301, in HAHF. Type Locatity: Intertidal rocky shore at Cabeza Ballena, Nov. 9, 1946. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 7083, Punta Frailes, Mar. 13, 1949. The conspicuous erect ligulate blades are at first suggestive of a Gelidium species, but the total absence of rhizoidal filaments and the creeping, penetrating, subcylindrical basal branches are indicative of Gelidiella even in the absence of reproductive material. The peculiar detachable character of the secondary branches, partly ligulate and partly subcylindrical and in turn branched, seems to indicate a function in vegetative reproduction. Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) Feldmann & Hamel Feldmann & Hamel, 1934, p. 533; Dawson, 1944, p. 261; Dawson, 1949, p. 246. Echinocaulon acerosum (Forssk.) Bdorgesen, 1932, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 3. Fucus acerosus Forsskal, 1775, p. 190. Thalli loosely matted or caespitose, with free parts to 5 cm. high, consisting of numerous spreading, semi-erect or arching, non-percurrent, semi-rigid, cartilaginous axes from a tangle of stolons growing in and around sand and debris, and in part attached to rocks or crustose coral- lines; primary branches cylindrical to compressed, up to 1 mm. in dia- meter, with 1-3 orders of branches, the first sparingly alternate, the ulti- mate and subultimate alternate, subopposite or secund, closely spaced, of more or less uniform length; branch-tips often curved downward and becoming attached; apex of branches with a distinct apical cell; tran- section showing a medulla of cells mostly 25-35 » in diameter, grading into a cortex of small pigmented cells 6-7 » in diameter, the outermost somewhat anticlinally elongated ; rhizoidal filaments absent ; central axial filament sometimes distinguishable as a smaller cell surrounded by 5-6 cells of smaller diameter than the adjacent medullary cells; tetraspor- angia borne in ultimate branchlets whose fertile ends are swollen to about twice the diameter of the sterile base, cruciate; sexual reproduction unknown. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 83 Type: Holotype is Forsskal’s original specimen (illustrated by Bérgesen) under number 874 in the Botanical Museum of the Univer- sity of Copenhagen, Denmark. Type Locauity: “Ad Mochhae littora” on the Red Sea. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—D. 594-40, 610-40, Isla Espiritu Santo, Feb.; D. 633-40, Bahia San Jose del Cabo, Feb.; D. 3249, Punta Palmilla, Nov.; D. 3322, (Nov.), D. 6780, (Mar.), Cabeza Ballena. Guerrero—D 3836, Acapulco, Feb. (mature tetra- sporic). Gelidiella hancockii Dawson Plate 12, figs. 6-7 Dawson, 1944, p. 261, pl. 43, figs. 1-2. Gelidiella mexicana Dawson, 1944, p. 262, pl. 43, fig. 3, except Guaymas specimens. Thalli saxicolous, tufted, 4-8 mm. high, cylindrical throughout, 120- 200 » in diameter, consisting of spreading, creeping, prostrate parts attached along their under surfaces by numerous rhizoids, giving rise to congested, irregularly. but rather sparsely polystichously branched erect parts; apices acute but not attenuate, with a distinguishable apical cell; internal structure consisting of a central medullary core of elongated cells 7-8 » in diameter grading into the cortex of somewhat smaller, isodiametrical cells; rhizoidal filaments absent; tetrasporangia irregular- ly arranged in slightly swollen, short branchlets of branch-tips. . Type: The holotype designated as Dawson 651-40, July 16, 1940, on sheet 18 in HAHF is apparently lost. The type sheet contains only material of the paratype collection, Dawson 288-40. TypE Locality: Rocky point just north of Kino, Sonora. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—D. 288-40, Puerto Re- fugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda, Jan.; D. 401a-40, Isla Pond, Isla Angel de la Guarda, Feb.; D. 328a-40, Bahia Gonzaga, Jan. The sterile material described as Gelidiella mexicana, though some- what more slender, seems upon reéxamination to approach G. hancockii too closely to be separated. Accordingly, the former name is reduced under G. hancockii which has page priority. This species resembles a small, tufted form of Gelidium crinale or Wurdemannia miniata. In fact, specimens from Guaymas (Drouet & Richards 3227) tentatively referred to G. mexicana have proved to be de- pauperate G. crinale. From G. crinale it differs in the absence of rhizoid- al filaments; from /”urdemannia it differs in its acute apices with a dis- tinct apical cell. 84 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Gelidiella stichidiospora sp. nov. Plate 12, figs. 4-5 Frondes 1-2 mm. altae, conchicolae, velvetum similis; ramis erectis, cylindricis vel compressis, 40-60 » diam.; apicibus acutis ; tetrasporangiis 30 p latis, in stichidiis terminalibus, lente tumidis, in serie quadruplicis regularis ordinatis. Thalli conchicolous, forming a velvet-like turf 1-2 mm. thick on the surface of shells of living Haliotus, consisting of a more or less compacted basal stratum of prostrate branches attached by groups of modified, elongated cortical cells from which numerous erect branches arise; erect branches simple or once (twice) branched, 40-60 p in dia- meter, terminally acute, consisting usually of 3 concentric cell layers, the outermost, cortical layer of irregularly quadrangular cells 8-9 p in dia- meter, the inner of cells of similar diameter but to about 35 p» long; tetrasporangia borne in more or less determinate terminal stichidia 20-50 p long or more; stichidia cylindrical, about 70 » in diameter, often aris- ing from branch tips as slender as 25 » and appearing swollen; sporangia about 30 » in diameter, borne in four ranks arranged in regular layers which mature successively toward the apex; sexual reproduction un- known. Tyre: Holotype is Dawson 10543, Oct. 30, 1951, in vial 2691 and in tray 56 in HAHF. Type Locality: On shells of living Haliotus, Punta Norte, Isla Cedros, Baja California, Mexico. The more or less indeterminate terminal stichidia with sporangia arranged in four regular ranks and in uniform horizontal layers, and the velvet-like colonial habit of this small species are distinctive. Gelidiella P refugiensis Dawson Dawson, 1944, p. 263, pl. 43, figs. 4-6. Thalli 1-1.5 cm. high, subcylindrical to compressed, 150-300 » in diameter; basal parts unknown; branching mostly distichous but irregu- lar, at intervals of 0.6-3 mm., most approximate in upper parts, some- times with a group of polystichous branches at the tip of an axis; apices acute, with a distinguishable apical cell; structure consisting of a medul- lary core of slender, elongated, thick-walled cells and a cortex and sub- cortex of about 3 layers of cells; rhizoidal filaments absent ; reproduction apparently by large monospores? 20-50 p» in diameter, borne in cavities in the cortex of short, acute terminal branchlets which are not conspic- uously swollen. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 85 Type: Holotype is Dawson 237-40, Jan. 28, 1940, on sheet 20, in- cluding slides 016-019 in HAHF. Type LocaLity: In beach drift on north shore of Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda, Baja California, Mexico. A collection from Bahia San Carlos, Sonora (D. 1882, May, 1946) has the vegetative appearance and structure of this plant, but is sterile. The peculiar large monospore-like bodies of this plant, unknown elsewhere in the Gelidiales, are not understood and require investigation of more ample material. Gelidiopsis tenuis Setchell & Gardner Setchell & Gardner, 1924, p. 749, pl. 22, fig. 2; Dawson, 1944, p. 264, pl. 70, fig. 1; Dawson, 1949, p. 246. Thalli to 6 cm. high, consisting of many loose, remotely branched, terete or compressed branches arising from a spreading tangle of loose stolons attached to corallines or debris by small discs; erect parts openly and irregularly alternately, suboppositely or subdichotomously branched at intervals of 2-10 mm.; segments 250-400 p» in diameter, the terminal ones sometimes 2 cm. long; apices rounded, without an apical cell; struc- ture consisting of a medullary core of cells 8-9 » in diameter and 12-15 diameters long surrounded by shorter and larger medullary cells to 30 pin diameter merging into a 2-3 layered cortex whose outermost cells are about 8 » in greatest diameter ; reproduction unknown. Type: Holotype is Marchant 104 in the Herbarium of the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. An isotype is on sheet 21, including slides 020 and 1352, in HAHF. Type LocaLity: Santa Rosalia, Gulf coast of Baja California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—D. 648 (Feb.), D. 3581 (Nov.), near Guaymas; D. 475b-40, dredged from 30-36 m., Ensenada de San Francisco, Feb.; D. 543-40, 533b-40, Bahia Agua Verde, Feb.; D. 3105, Cabo Pulmo, Nov.; D. 3271; Punta Palmilla, Nov.; Howell 605 (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.), dredged from 40 m. off San Jose del Cabo. Sinaloa—D. 3686, 3636, Mazatlan, Dec. Nayarit—D. 3692, Mira Mar., Dec. Revillagigedo Archip—Howell 514 (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.), Isla Clarion. This species is much like Gelidiopsis variabilis in habit and in struc- ture, but is smaller in all dimensions. A reéxamination of the type material shows that the segments are not .5-.8 mm. in diameter as ori- ginally described, but are 250-400 p in diameter, only basal parts reach- ing 500 p. 86 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Gelidiopsis variabilis (Greville) Schmitz Schmitz, 1895, p. 148; Feldmann, 1931, p. 156, fig. 2B; Dawson, 1944, p. 225, pl. 70, fig. 1. Gelidium variabile Greville, in J. Agardh, 1852, p. 468. Thalli to 16 cm. high, consisting of numerous remotely branched, terete axes arising from a tangle of loose stolons attached to the sub- stratum by small discs; erect axes 500-850 p. in diameter, slightly more slender in upper parts, irregularly alternately or subdichotomously branched, mostly at intervals of 4-18 mm., the terminal segments often 2-3 cm. long; apices rounded, without an apical cell; internal structure consisting of a central medullary core of small cells 10-14 in diameter and 15-20 diameters long, surrounded by a layer of medullary cells 15- 20 » in diameter and about 3-4 diameters long, these merging into a 2-3 layered cortex, the outermost of radially flattened but quadrate cells about 8 » in greatest diameter ; reproduction not observed. Type: Holotype is a specimen collected by Wight, probably in the Hooker Herbarium at Kew, England. According to Feldmann, 1931, an isotype is in the Agardh Herbarium, Lund, Sweden. TypE LOCALITY: Coast of western India. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—Drouet & Richards 3395, Punta San Pedro, near Guaymas, Dec. ; D. 3505, Ensenada de San Francisco, Sonora, Nov.; D. 7074, Punta Frailes, Mar.; D. 3412, Ca- beza Ballena, Nov. Wurdemannia miniata (Lamk. & DC) Feldm. & Hamel Feldmann & Hamel, 1934, p. 544, figs. 9-11; Dawson, 1944, p. 263; Taylor, 1945, p. 151. Fucus miniatus Draparnaud ex Lamarck et De- Candolle, 1815, p. 6. Gigartina miniata nom. nud. in Lamouroux, 1813, p. 49. Wurdemannia setacea Harvey, 1853, p. 245; Borgesen, 1920, p. 368, figs. 360-361; Taylor, 1928, p. 145, pl. 20, figs. 9-10. Thalli arenicolous, densely matted or felted, often mixed with other algae, consisting of numerous branched, loosely interlaced, ascending, wiry filaments from tangled prostrate ones attached by small discs to sand and shell fragments and sometimes to each other; erect filaments 1.5-2.5 cm. high, cylindrical or slightly compressed, 150-220 » in dia- meter, blunt-tipped, without a recognizable apical cell, irregularly and rather remotely branched, tending to be distichous, but not strictly so; internal structure consisting of a medulla of thick-walled elongated cells 7-8 » in diameter, 7-10 diameters long, grading into the cortex whose ellipsoidal cells are smaller in diameter (to 5 ») and thinner walled; rhizoidal filaments absent ; reproduction not observed. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 87 Type: Holotype not designated, but represented by a specimen collected by Draparnaud and sent to Lamouroux, probably now in the Lamouroux herbarium at the Botanical Institute, Caen, France. Type Locatity: Near Montpelier, Mediterranean coast of France. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—D. 1888, Puerto San Carlos, May; D. 7152, Puerto Escondido, Mar.; E. Palmer, Isla Car- mén; D. 7026, Bahia San Gabriél, Isla Espiritu Santo, Mar.; D. 3471, Bahia de La Paz, Nov. Revillagigedo Archip.—Taylor 39-52, Bahia Braithwaite, Isla Socorro, Mar. Guerrero—Hubbs 46-244, Acapulco, Sept. This is a strictly tropical plant whose habitat seems to be confined to quiet, warm lagoons subject to little wave agitation. Dumontiaceae Key To THE MEXICAN GENERA AND SPECIES 1. Thalli membranous . . lve Sellae "Weeksial 3 1. Thalli terete, polystichously ee . . Leptocladia laxa 1. Thalli compressed, with tapered margins, distichously branched 2 2. Transection showing a single prominent central axial fila- ment; cystocarps scattered through mature parts SMA a tery ayn ae Leptocladia Menai 2. chetsection showing a central axial filament and one or more similar filaments on either side; cystocarps aggregated in swollen tips of ultimate branches . . Pikea californica 3. Plants 8-12 cm. high; carpogonial branches of 6-8 cells about 7 ppinudiameter is: . W. templetonii 3. Plants 20-30 cm. high; Ce eene Beaches of 7-9 cells 10-13 wosiealameters | Yi 0) 3.) A ee atl Mev pal eu ane howell Pikea californica Harvey Plate 6, fig. 6; Plate 23, fig. 1 Harvey, 1853, p. 246; Harvey, 1858, p. 131, pl. 49, fig. B; Smith, 1944, p. 202, pl. 46, fig. 3. Pikea nootkana as employed by Doty, 1947, p. 164; Dawson, 1949, p. 222. Thalli bushy, to 11 cm. high, usually consisting of a single deliques- cent axis from a simple discoid holdfast ; axis repeatedly and rather dense- ly and irregularly alternately, distichously branched in 4-5 orders, about 1 mm. in diameter below and compressed with tapered margins, short fusiform in transection, gradually narrower toward the ultimate branches which may be only 250-500 » in diameter and compressed but not much 88 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 17 tapered to the margins; ultimate segments with irregular, closely set, ascending, falcate pinnae; growing tips acute, with an apical cell; in- ternal structure in median and older parts consisting of a large central axial filament 70-90 » in diameter, and two or more similar filaments usually confined to the median line, within a broad medulla densely packed with secondary, more or less longitudinal, rhizoidal filaments, except just beneath the cortex where two or more layers of subspherical cells 15-25 » in diameter are usually not densely invaded by the fila- ments; cortex of 2-3 layers of densely pigmented small cells, the outer- most anticlinally elongated, 5-7 » long; tetrasporangia unknown; cysto- carps (not observed in Mexican material) 150-350 » in diameter, ir- regularly reniform, embedded, aggregated in the swollen tips of ultimate branches, without a distinct ostiolar opening. Type: Holotype is a collection by Captain Pike in the Harvey Herbarium, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. Type LocaLity: Golden Gate [San Francisco], California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 1302, Punta Baja, Apr. This species is usually distinguished macroscopically from the similar Leptocladia binghamiae by its more slender proportions, particularly in lower parts, and its usually denser, more bushy branching. Undoubted specimens of L. binghamiae, however, have been examined which are just as slender and just as densely branched as normal P. californica. Hence, macroscopic characters do not suffice. The cystocarps of Pikea californica are aggregated in the swollen ends of the narrow, ultimate branches, un- like the scattered ones of L. binghamiae. Structurally P. californica seems consistently to show several large central filaments in addition to the primary central axial filament, while L. binghamiae shows only the latter. This is true on account of the many more branches of the second order in P. californica. Dr. Isabella Abbott, in a critical study of Pikea and Leptocladia (as yet unpublished) has concluded that Esper’s Fucus nootkanus is not equivalent to Pikea californica Harvey. Her studies also have led her to differ further from Doty in excluding Leptocladia conferta from synonymy with P. californica. I am inclined here to follow Abbott in anticipation of the appearance of her report. The specimens from Isla Cedros and Cabo Colnett, Baja California referred to Pikea nootkana by Dawson, 1949, although in part very slender and much branched above, seem by their structure to agree better with Leptocladia binghamiae. 1 Silva, in a paper yet unpublished, identifies Fucus nootkamus Esper with Bonnemaisonia californica Buffham. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 89 Leptocladia laxa Taylor Plate 6, fig. 7 Taylor, 1945, p. 163, pl. 38, fig. 1. Thalli 12-15 mm. tall, almost wiry, blackish-red in color, gregarious from a small, discoid holdfast, irregularly and alternately polystichously branched, 2-5 branches occasionally arising close together, terete or slightly compressed, 0.5-1.5 mm. in diameter below, 300-500 p above; branches more or less erect, the upper divisions often with short, spine- like branchlets; apices subacute, with an apical cell; internal structure consisting of a large central axial filament of thick-walled elongated cells to 100 uw or more in diameter surrounded by a dense central medullary core about 200 » in diameter of cells of variable diameter (7-18 4) and length, mostly distinctly elongated and in part somewhat tending to inter- lace, this core surrounded by the bulk of the medulla of isodiametrical, pseudoparenchymatous cells 40-50 » in diameter and grading into the subcortex of smaller, similarly shaped cells under 15 » in diameter ; cor- tex at first of a single row of more or less quadrate cells 5-6 uw in dia- meter, later 70-125 p» thick, of a compact tissue of anticlinal rows of 7-10 cells 10-12 » in tangential diameter, 12-15 p in radial diameter; reproduction unknown. Type: Holotype is Taylor 603-34, Mar. 7, 1934, on sheet 172, including slides 1428-1431, in HAHF. TypE LocaLity: Dredged off Punta Hughes, Isla Magdalena, © Baja California, Mexico. The filaments described by Taylor as invading the central axial cell row have not been detected either in young or old parts of the type and may be presumed not to constitute a constant character. The peculiarities of structure as well as the terete form and poly- stichous branching indicate that this plant may prove to represent a dis- tinct group in the Dumontiaceae apart from both Leftocladia and Pikea. Leptocladia binghamiae J. Agardh Plate 6, fig. 8; Plate 23, fig. 2 J. Agardh, 1892, p. 96; Setchell, 1912, p. 250; Kylin, 1941, p. 8; Dawson, 1945b, p. 60. Pikea nootkana (Esper) Doty, as employed by Dawson, 1949, p. 219, 229. Thalli 15-30 cm. high, consisting of one or more deliquescent axes from a simple, discoid holdfast; axis repeatedly, irregularly, alternately or pseudodichotomously, distichously branched in 4-5 orders, 1.5-3.0 90 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 mm. broad in middle and lower parts, but often irregularly narrowed above or below, compressed with markedly tapered margins, fusiform in transection, progressively narrower above to ultimate segments which may not exceed 750 » wide; ultimate segments with irregular spinose or falcate pinnae; growing tips subacute, with an apical cell; internal struc- ture showing a single, large, thick-walled central axial filament 70-90 p in diameter surrounded by a core of slender, thick-walled, longitudinal filaments partially and progressively outwardly invading the remaining medullary tissue of pseudoparenchymatous cells 30-70 p» in diameter; cortex of 2-3 layers of small densely pigmented cells, the outermost about 5 p. in diameter ; tetrasporangia elongate, 20-25 p, long, irregularly cruci- ately divided by oblique walls, borne in extensive, irregularly shaped nemathecia produced on the surface of the upper segments; cystocarps small, irregularly reniform, embedded, scattered through structurally little-modified segments throughout mature parts of plants, a vague ostiole sometimes distinguishable; antheridia not seen. Type: Holotype not designated, but according to Kylin, 1944, represented by a specimen collected by Mrs. Bingham under number 28231 in the Agardh Herbarium, Botanical Museum, Lund University, Sweden. A search for this specimen in July 1950 failed to reveal it. Only a sheet containing figures labeled Leptocladia binghamiae was found. TYPE LocALITy: Santa Barbara, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 282, (Jan.), D. 5299, (Sept.), Punta Descanso; D. 1117, Bahia de Todos Santos, Apr.; D. 183, Cabo Colnett, Jan.; D. 8738, (Jan.), D. 9673, (Apr.), San Quintin peninsula; D. 8903, (Jan.), D. 1181, (Apr.), Punta Baja; D. 6560, D. 10360, off Punta San Eugenio, Mar., Nov.; Hubbs 46-215, Isla Cedros, Sept.; D. 9486, Punta Abreojos, Apr.; D. 9239, Punta Pe- quefia, May; D. 7263, Punta Hughes, Isla Magdalena, Mar. All of these collections were obtained either from dredge-hauls or from beach drift. The frequency of tetrasporangial plants, the scattered cystocarps in non-swollen segments, and especially the presence of only one large-dia- meter axial filament running through the medulla, mark this plant as distinct from the similar Pikea californica. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 91 Weeksia templetonii Setchell & Gardner Plate 7, fig. 1 Setchell & Gardner, 1937, p. 76, pl. 10, fig. 28. Thallus 8-12 cm. high, membranous, consisting of a single, mucilagin- ous, flaccid, orbicular blade 200-250 p thick with a very short, slender stipe attached by a small disc; blade with a few faint, radiating false veins, but with no differentiation of tissues to form them; medulla com- posed of a network of more or less straight filaments of cells 5-7 » in diameter and 8-12 times as long as broad; subcortex of about 2 layers of spherical or subspherical cells; cortex of a single layer of slightly radially elongate pigmented cells about 7 by 10 » in dimensions and with a partial inner second layer of more spherical cells of slightly greater diameter ; cystocarps numerous, very small, uniformly and generally distributed, embedded; carpogonial branches curved, composed usually of 6-8 cells about 7 in diameter; tetrasporangia broadly ellipsoid to subspherical, cruciate, 18-22 w by 22-26 » in dimensions; antheridia unknown. Type: Holotype is Howell 703, Aug. 15, 1932, on sheet 236484 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Type LOCALITY: At a depth of 38 meters off Isla Cedros, Baja California, Mexico. No specimens other than the type have been obtained of this plant — in Mexico, but a specimen dredged off Santa Cruz Island, California, agrees well with Weeksia templetonii in habit and in all structural measurements. It has been used here to illustrate the structure of the species. Weeksia reticulata Setchell, from the vicinity of Monterey, Cali- fornia, is a similar but apparently distinct species. Fresh material from Monterey is not available, but transections of the dry type compared with the Santa Cruz Island plant noted above show some structural differences which may be significant. W. reticulata seems to have a some- what more densely filamentous and perhaps thicker medulla than W. templetonii. Its cortex seems thicker, and, rather than being composed of a single outer layer of slightly elongated cells, is made up of short fila- ments of 2-3 cells. Macroscopically the type of W. reticulata shows prominent veins, and these probably represent the most effective differ- entiating character at the present time. The specimen from Cabo Colnett, Baja California, referred to Week- sia reticulata by Dawson, 1945b, has been critically examined by Dr. Isabella Abbott and found not to be a W eeksia. 92 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Weeksia howellii Setchell & Gardner Setchell & Gardner, 1937, p. 77, pl. 11, figs. 29-30. Thallus 20-30 cm. high, membranous, consisting of a single, thin, flaccid, elongated to suborbicular blade with irregular, lobed or laciniate margins, from a negligible stipe attached by a small disc; medulla com- posed of a network of more or less straight filaments of cells 6-8 » in diameter and 8-12 times as long as wide; subcortex of 2-3 layers of more or less angular cells of irregular shape and size, densely filled with gran- ules; cortex of a single layer of slightly radially elongate, more or less conical, pigmented cells; cystocarps generally distributed, deeply em- bedded; carpogonial branches curved, composed of 7-9 cells 10-13 p in diameter; tetrasporangia uniformly distributed, not abundant, spherical to subspherical, 18-22 » in diameter; antheridia unknown. Type: Holotype is Howell 89, Aug. 17, 1932, on sheet 236496 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Type Locatity: Dredged at Isla Natividad, Baja California, Mexico. The original description of Weeksia howellii, which has merely been rearranged above, is essentially identical with that of W. templetonit except for its indication of a larger plant and of larger carpogonial branch cells. Even the absence of the faint veins of WY. templetonii is uncertain, for the description is drawn up from dry material in which the veins would probably be invisible even if present. Clearly, liquid- preserved additional material will be required to verify the identity of this species. Gloiosiphoniaceae A single species known in the Mexican flora. Gloiosiphonia californica (Farlow) J. G. Agardh J. G. Agardh, 1885, p. 10; Smith, 1944, p. 209, pl. 47, fig. 2; Doty, 1947, p. 166. Nemastoma californica Farlow, 1877, p. 243; Collins, Holden & Setchell, 1897, no. 397. Thalli saxicolous, 4 cm. tall or more, lubricous, consisting of several erect, cylindrical, branched axes from a small discoid attachment ; erect axes more or less percurrent, mostly 1.0-1.5 mm. in diameter, with 2- several orders of irregularly multifarious branches, the branches suc- cessively reduced in diameter and slightly narrowed at their bases ; apices attenuate, acute, ending in a single cell; structure consisting in young NO. ! DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 93 parts of a single axial filament each cell of which bears four quadrately disposed, branched filaments whose end-cells form a fairly compact cortical tissue, in older parts with numerous rhizoidal filaments sur- rounding the central axial filament; sexual thalli dioecious; cystocarps numerous, small, globose, deeply embedded in the thallus; antheridia and tetrasporangia not seen. Type: Holotype not designated. Syntype collections by Dr. Ander- son and by Miss Lennebacker are probably in the Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Type Locatiry: Not specifically designated. Syntypes came from Santa Cruz and from Santa Barbara, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 8877, intertidal, on sandstone at end of headland, Punta Baja, Jan. The Mexican material is small, not exceeding 4 cm. in height, but is abundantly provided with mature and developing cystocarps. A cursory examination of the gonimoblast development indicated some apparent differences from that reported in Gloiosiphonia capillaris (Huds.) Carm., but a critical study cannot be presented here. The discovery of this species at Punta Baja extends the known range of this species southward by six degrees of latitude, from Carmel, Cali- fornia. Endocladiaceae Key To THE MeExicAn GENERA AND SPECIES 1. Thalli dichotomously branched; segments smooth POMS ose ky ree aed eee ep A Gloiopeltis minuta 1. Thalli polystichously branched; segments beset with many minute, spine-like branchlets . . «. Endocladia muricata Gloiopeltis minuta Kylin Plate 7, figs. 8-9 Kylin, 1941, p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 4 (invalidly described for want of Latin diagnosis) ; Dawson, 1951, p. 52. Thalli saxicolous, lubricous, forming extensive colonies, 0.7-1.0 cm. high, consisting of a spreading disc from which numerous cylindrical, 2-6-times irregularly dichotomously branched, erect fronds arise; erect parts 200-250 p» in diameter below, 400-600 » above, the terminal seg- ments abruptly attenuated and acute; transection of sterile parts showing a radial structure of dichotomously branched filaments of thick-walled 94 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 cells within a gelatinous matrix, these surrounding the prominent central axial filament, the innermost cell of each branched radial filament similar in diameter and appearance to the central axial filament, 18-25 p» in dia- meter, the others successively reduced in size to small, closely packed, anticlinally elongated cells of the outer cortex 2.5-3.5 p broad, 4.5-6.5 p long; tetrasporangia scattered evenly through the unmodified cortex, ovoid, about 40-45 » long, cruciate; cystocarps scattered, embedded in upper parts of thalli, forming irregular swellings 400-500 » in diameter ; carpospores borne in subspherical clusters 300-350 » in diameter, angular, 23-28 pw in greatest diameter ; antheridia not seen. Type: Holotype not designated, but syntypes are Gardner’s col- lections under no. 2250 in Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Type Locauity: On rocks in the middle littoral zone, Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 9427, Islas San Benito, May; D. 10367, Punta San Eugenio, Nov. In order to validate this species a Latin diagnosis is provided here. Kylin’s original text on the species follows in its entirety. Thallo ad 1 cm. alto, 0.1-0.3 mm. crasso, bis usque etiam quater dichotome ramoso; gonimoblastis et tetrasporangiis normaliter evolutis. “Gloiopeltis minuta Kylin nov. sp.; Gloiopeltis capillaris Gardner in Phyc. bor. amer. 45 Nr 2250: ‘On rocks in middle of the litoral zone, Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, California, March, 1913. N. L. Gar- dner.—Taf. 2 Fig. 4. “Thallus bis zu 1 cm hoch und 0,1-0,3 mm dick, 2 bis 4 mal gabelig verzweight; Gonimoblasten und Tetrasporangien in normaler Weise entwickelt. “Gardner nennt diese Art Gloiopeltis capillaris. G. capillaris, die von Suringar (1870 S. 31 und 1871 S. 9) nach Material von Japan besonders genau beschreiben und abgebildet wurde, ist indessen bedeutend grosser als G. minuta nach dem Abbildungen von Suringar (1871 Taf. 2) bis zu 2-5 cm hoch mit 0,5-1 mm dicken Asten.” Endocladia muricata (Postels & Ruprecht) J. Agardh J. Agardh, 1847, p. 10; Smith, 1944, p. 211, pl. 47, figs. 3-4. Gigar- tina muricata Postels & Ruprecht, 1840, p. 16. Thalli saxicolous, densely tufted, 1.0-1.5 cm. high, attached by a group of coalescing stolons and numerous attachment discs, consisting of numerous erect, semi-rigid, multibranched axes 300-600 p in diameter; axes subcylindrical or angular, tapering to acute apices, irregularly sub- No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 95 dichotomously but polystichously branched, provided throughout with many closely set conical or spine-like branchlets which may in turn be minutely spinose; internal structure consisting of densely compacted branching filaments mostly of small, spherical or ovate cells, the lower and inner parts of more and more elongated cells ultimately arising from a prominent central axial filament of elongated cells 35-65 p in dia- meter; cystocarps borne as subspherical swellings near the ends of branches, 600-800 » in diameter; carpospores prominently rugose, angu- lar, about 25 » in diameter; antheridia about 5 p» in diameter, spherical, cut off terminally from slender, colorless, nemathecial filaments about 100 » long in sori encircling upper branches; tetrasporangia cruciate by oblique walls, elongate or somewhat fusiform, about 18 by 40 p in dimen- sions, embedded in superficial, encircling nemathecia causing swelling of upper branchlets, the nemathecia 100-125 » thick, composed of dense- ly compacted, slender, mostly unbranched paraphyses of 8-10 cells. Tyre: Holotype not designated. Syntypes of Kastalsky and of Merk, if extant, are probably in the Herbarium of the Botanical Garden of Leningrad, U.S.S.R. Type LOCALITY: ‘Two syntype localities indicated: Sitka Island and Unalaska, Alaska. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—Hendry 22 (Herb. U.C.), Cabo Colnett, May; Cooper 800, Punta Santo Tomas, Mar. (all reproductive phases). Although common in California, this species is probably limited along the northwest coast of Baja California by increasing desiccation of its high intertidal habitat. Hildenbrandiaceae Hildenbrandia prototypus Nardo var. prototypus Plate 7, fig. 4 Nardo, 1834, p. 675; Taylor, 1945, p. 166; Smith, 1944, p. 214; Rosenvinge, 1917, p. 202, figs. 121-124; Kylin, 1944, p. 36, Fig. 30. Hildenbrandia rosea Kiitzing, 1843, p. 384; Setchell & Gardner, 1924, p. 787; Dawson, 1944, p. 265. Thallus saxicolous, pale to dark rose red, depending upon the thick- ness of the crust, closely adherent to the substrate, 50-450 p thick, con- sisting of densely packed quadrate or sometimes somewhat anticlinally elongated cells (2.5) 3-4 (5) » in diameter, arranged in vertical rows; conceptacles immersed, sub-spherical to compressed, 35-110 p broad, 96 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 35-60 pw deep with a prominent but rather irregularly defined ostiole usually slightly below the surface; tetrasporangia irregularly divided, 3.5-6.5 p broad, 15-22 p long, borne amid clearly defined paraphyses. Type: Holotype not designated and whereabouts of Nardo’s orig- inal material unknown to the writer. TYPE LOcALITy: Italian shore of the Adriatic Sea. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif.—D. 9448, Islas San Benito, May; D. 9624, Isla San Martin, Apr.; D. 8730, outer San Quintin peninsula, Jan.; D. 1248, Punta Baja, Apr.; D. 10414, Punta San Eugenio, Nov.; D. 9971, D. 10093, 10-11 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Apr.; D. 9500, Punta Abreojos, Apr.; D. 9252, Punta Pequefa, May; D. 9363b, Punta Hughes, Isla Magdalena, May. Gulf of Calif—D. 757b-40, Isla Turner, Jan.; D. 7058, Isla Carmén, Mar.; D. 3300, Cabeza Ballena, Nov. Revillagigedo Archip—TVaylor 39-7, Isla Clarion, Mar. Nayarit—Taylor 39-675, Isla Maria Magdalena, May. Jalisco—D. 3747, 3748, Barra de Navidad, Dec. Guerrero— Taylor 34-563B, White Friars Islets, Mar. Oaxaca—Taylor 34-561, Bahia Tangola-Tangola, Feb.; D. 3816, 3780, 3790, Salina Cruz, Jan. The vegetative cells of the Mexican plants seem to average some- what smaller than those in plants from other parts of the world. A great variation in thickness is evident throughout the collections, some examples being nearly ten times as thick as others. The size and posi- tions of the conceptacles and the irregular divisions of the tetrasporangia appear to agree satisfactorily with the type variety of this cosmopolitan species. Hildenbrandia prototypus var. kerguelensis Askenasy Askenasy, 1888, p. 30. Like the typical variety of the species, but the crusts usually over 250 p thick and of a duller reddish color, and the tetrasporangia sub- cylindrical to fusiform, 23-30 p» long, 7-11.5 » wide and divided regular- ly and zonately by parallel transverse walls. Type: Holotype not designated and whereabouts of the original material unknown to the writer. Type LocaLity: Kerguelen Islands. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 9962, on stones 10 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Bahia Vizcaino, April; D. 10572, on rock surfaces, Punta Norte, Isla Cedros, Oct. These Mexican plants seem best referred to Askenasy’s variety al- though the tetrasporangia are somewhat larger than described. The No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 97 sporangia are so unlike those of the common H. frototypus that the present plants may be worthy of specific rank. Our specimens differ from H. canariensis Bérgesen in the presence of paraphyses as in typical H. prototypus. The tetrasporangia are transversely divided unlike the obliquely divided ones of H. crouani (J. Ag.) J. Ag. There seems to be little difference from H. yezzoensis Yendo of Japan, but suitable com- parative material of this more recently described and possibly synony- mous plant is not available to the writer. The plants in both cases were found growing in the vicinity of typical H. prototypus and could be distinguished from them macro- scopically by the duller reddish color. For these reasons one is led to suppose that the two may prove to be specifically distinct, although re- investigation of the poorly known var. serguelensis in the type locality should be carried out before a decision is reached. Indeed, the Mexican specimens may prove to be different from the Kerguelen Islands plant when the latter becomes better known. Squamariaceae Key To THE MEXICAN GENERA AND SPECIES 1. Tetrasporangia zonate . . . . Haematocelis rubens 1. Tetrasporangia cruciate . . : 2 2. Tetrasporangia borne ee on a 2. 6- eet bite among similar sterile filaments not in special nemathecial SORA) 4h a) ea el cu se abe, p \Gnuortopsts mexicana 2. Tetrasporangia sessile or on a 1-celled pedicel among para- physes in a special nemathecial sorus .. Sfiaisla eS 3. Thallus with ascending and descending perithallus elk -TOWS from a mesothallus layer . . . . Ethelia mexicana 3. Thallus with vertical or ascending perithallus cell-rows arising from a unistratose hypothallus . . . . pa NE ie: 4. Hypothallus as seen from below of more or ie uniform parallel cell-rows . . dont ele SPeyssonelia | +25 4. Hypothallus as seen from fein of many small fan-shaped groups of cells converging and diverging irregularly Cruoriella 12 Di aietine RrEibeceouss loosely penned by ie multicellular TMIZOIGS) se isk «Ss yl oa | Pall eesquamaria 5. Thallus crustose, more or ie deals attached by relatively short). uniemelticellularirhizoids: <2 9s) 5 4. a8 1/2 1. 6 98 ae 1a 3. 3: ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 6. Thalli heavily calcified so that the color appears chalky 6. Thalli lightly calcified, at least in upper half, not chalky in SUpenIOr aspect: "vai j lay Wins h. : : ‘Tetrasporangial nemathecia more or jee neers flush oe the surface of the vegetative thallus; perithallus cells small, 4-20 p in greatest diameter from top to bottom of cell-rows : P. pacifica a eeaeeenaial Paeetene niger: perithallus cells 5-60 p» in greatest diameter from top to bottom of cell-rows 8. Paraphyses in tetrasporangial nemathecia of 10-18 cells, the upper ones barrel shaped, catenate; rhizoids multi- Cellular cae lt esd hn eee ie Lee Read alas perects 8. Paraphyses in tetrasporangial nemathecia of 6-7 cells, the upper ones not appearing catenate; rhizoids unicellular Perithallus of erect (not ascending) cell rows; thallus loosely attached to the substrate P. rubra var. orientalis Perithallus of oblique or ascending cell-rows; thallus rather firmly attached to the substrate 10. Thallus 70-100 » thick; tetrasporangia 60- 70, pb jena para- physes non-clavate, short, coarse, of 5-6 more or less uni- form’ cells.) k\.7.4 . P. conchicola 10. Thallus 250-550 pu hick ae 60-100 » long; paraphyses slender-clavate, long, of about 7 elongated cells, the; upper ones Shorter, (30° 0.4. he Piha) eB menteana Thalli to 450 p» thick; perithallus with conspicuous inter- cellular spaces . ER a s3 in ee CL Cee Thalli 150-220 p chick: Rentals eee conspicuous inter- cellular’spaces, 2" - a ee ha es Glarronensis 12. Thallus shrinking ai aprtene upon drying to form numerous radiating fissures exposing the substrate C. fissurata 123 aaiee not une een splittns upon drying Thallus heavily calcified, over 400 p» thick; tetrasporangial nemathecia immersed below the surface . . C. hancockii Thallus lightly calcified, mostly under 300 y» thick; tetra- sporangial nemathecia superficial Neie sb unai 14. Tetrasporangial nemathecia non-elevated, more or less flush with vegetative surface; paraphyses coarse, little differentiated ; tetrasporangia 40-45 » long C. magdalenae 14. Tetrasporangial nemathecia elevated; paraphyses slender- clavate; tetrasporangia 60-80 » long . . C. dubyi 11 10 13 14 No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 99 Haematocelis rubens J. Agardh Plate 7, fig. 7 J. Agardh, 1852, p. 497; Newton, 1931, p. 446, fig. 267 A-D; Batters, 1897, p. 439. Haematophloea crouani Crouan & Crouan, 1858,, p. 73, pl. 3, fig. 6 a-c. Thallus crustose, epiphytic, epizoic or semi-saxicolous, to 6 cm. in breadth, firmly attached to the substrate or sometimes a little loose, deep, dull red, 180-360 » thick; vegetative layer consisting of dichotomously branched filaments which are at first horizontal then ascending, erect and parallel toward the upper surface, the cells of the lower part much elongated, 15-27.5 » long, 5.0-7.5 « wide, those of the erect filaments 5-10 uw long and about 5 » broad; tetrasporangial nemathecia super- ficial, about 60-70 mw deep, bearing regularly zonate, blunt-fusiform tetrasporangia 37-47 uw long, 10-12.5 » broad, amid densely packed cyl- indrical paraphyses 3-5 p in diameter and of about 5-7 isodiametrical to elongate cells; sexual reproduction not observed. Type: Holotype not designated but probably represented by the original specimen sent to Agardh by the Crouan brothers in the Agardh herbarium, University of Lund, Sweden. TYPE LOCALITY: On calcareous rocks, Brest, France. PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTION: California—D. 356, on rocks at “the caves,” La Jolla Bay, Jan. Pacific Baja Calif., Mexico—D. 287, on a sponge, 5 miles south of Punta Descanso, Jan.; D. 8816, on a sponge, Punta Baja, Jan.; D. 8732, on a sponge in drift, Punta San Quintin, Jan.; D. 6715, on holdfast of Eisenia, growing around small barnacles, Punta Entrada, Isla Magdalena, Mar. Cruoriopsis mexicana sp. nov. Plate 10, figs. 11-14 Thallo tenui crustoso, 80-150 p crasso, strato unico cellularum hypo- thalli 12-20 » longo, 8-10 » alto, textum sustinente filamentorum teri- tum vel exigue clavatorum, ramosorum, directorum pressu facile dis- tantium; tetrasporangiis 70-80 » longis, 16-20 yu latis, in textu superiore thalli dispersis, in filamentis haud distinctis 2-6 cellularum; carposporis 18-20 » diametro, in catenis brevibus, ramosis, plerumque 4 sporarum. Thallus small, thin, crustose, 80-150 (200) p thick, consisting of a single basal layer of somewhat horizontally elongated cells 12-20 (24) p long and 8-10 (12) » high and a tissue of vertical filaments arising from it, attached by a thick hyaline gelatinous film beneath the basal 100 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 cell layer and by short descending rhizoidal filaments; erect filaments separating easily under pressure, terete in tetrasporangial examples, slightly clavate in carposporangial examples, irregularly and rather fre- quently branched, the lowermost cell more or less isodiametric and larger (9-15 y), those above abruptly narrowed (4-6 » wide) and mostly elongated; tetrasporangia regularly cruciate, the division to form the upper 2 spores at right angles to that forming the lower, slender, fusi- form, 70-80 » long, 16-20 » wide, attached basally to a 2-6-celled fila- ment among the sterile filaments, scattered; carpospores about 18-20 p long, ovate, borne in short, branched chains usually of 4 spores. Type: Holotype is Dawson 4283c, June 20, 1947, in vial 2290 and on slides 1618-1620 in HAHF. Type LocaLiry: Growing on shells at a depth of 13-15 meters at 32° 24.5’ N. Lat., 117° 13.8’ W. long, off South Island, Islas Los Coronados, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 4280, growing on Bossea dredged at the type locality with the type. This species is similar to Cruoriopsis rosenvingii Borgesen in the regular divisions of the sporangia, but differs in the much greater size of the sporangia and in the shape of the erect filaments. Although the family position of the genus Cruoriopsis is uncertain, it is felt that for purposes of this account it will most readily be re- cognized in the Squamariaceae. Ethelia mexicana sp. nov. Plate 11, figs. 7-8 Thallo stricte affixo, 2-3 cm. vel plus lato, superficiebus irregular- ibus, exigue calcificato, 400-1000 p» crasso, primo ope rhizoidum pluri- cellularium affixo, mox ope molis textus deorsum crescentis et rimas complentis; cellulis summis perithalli 4-6 mw latis; nematheciis tetra- sporangialibus mersis 120-130 yw altis, summa parte plus minusve super- ficiei vegetativae aequali; paraphysibus haud ramificatis, valde tenuibus, exigue clavatis, 7-8 cellularum; tetrasporangiis longeovatis, 45-50 pu longis, 18-20 yp latis. Thallus crustose, 2-3 cm. or more in extent, firmly and closely attached to the substrate and assuming all of the irregularities of its surface, dark dull purplish-red in color, lightly calcified in inferior parts, without conspicuous surface markings, not fissured when dry, varying in thickness depending upon irregularities of the substrate from 400- No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 101 1000 p, attached at first by pluricellular rhizoids especially near the growing margins, then by masses of downwardly growing tissue pene- trating and filling crevices in the substrate, without a distinguishable hypothallus, showing in radial section a mesothallus region giving rise to an inferior perithallus of descending cell-rows extending into the crevices of the substrate, and a superior perithallus of ascending cell rows, these cell rows branched and in part tending to interlace, except in the uppermost part of the superior perithallus composed of cells 10- 15 » wide and 4-8 times as long; upper superior perithallus cells be- coming progressively shorter, narrower and more regularly arranged in vertical rows toward the upper surface, ultimately 4-6 » broad and only slightly longer; tetrasporangial nemathecia sunken so that the top of the paraphyses scarcely extends above the level of the surrounding vegetative thallus parts, 120-130 » deep, 1 mm. or more broad; para- physes unbranched, very slender, 3.5 » wide or less, slightly clavate, mostly of 7-8 cells which are progressively shorter and broader toward the apex; tetrasporangia elongate-ovate, 45-50 pw long, 18-20 » wide; sexual reproduction not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 3841, Feb. 2, 1947, in box 56284, in vial 2344 and on slides 1838-1855, 1866-1867 in HAHF. Typr LocALity: On granitic outcrop, southeast side of Bahia de Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. This species differs from Ethelia australis (Sond.) W. v. B. in struc- . ture and in habit, from EF. fosliei W. v. B. in structure and in tetra- sporangial characters, from EF. biradiata (W. v. B.) W. v. B. in the presence of rhizoids, from FE. vanbosseae Feldmann in perithallus cell shape and in the absence of fissures when dry, and from E. pacifica Borg. in the greater size of the lower perithallus cells. Peyssonelia squamaria (Gmelin) Decaisne Decaisne, 1841, p. 141, pl. 5, figs. 16-17; Kiitzing, 1869, Tab. Phyc., 19: pl. 87a-b; Nageli, 1847, p. 248-250, pl. 19, figs. 9-25. Fucus squa- marius Gmelin, 1768, p. 171, pl. 20, figs. 1A-B. ‘Thalli subfoliaceous, consisting of prostrate, lobed, more or less superimposed, flabellate blades 3-5 cm. broad attached loosely to the substrate (sponge) by multitudes of long, multicellular rhizoids, 100 -250 yp thick, scarcely calcified, in transection showing a mesothallus layer of flattish, horizontal cells giving rise on its lower side to a single perithallus layer from which the numerous rhizoids are produced, and on 102 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 its upper side to ascending and finally erect, once- or twice-branched rows of more or less quadrangular perithallus cells mostly taller than broad, these perithallus cells 18-21 » broad below, 7-9 » broad above; tetra- sporangial nemathecia superficial, elevated, about 80-100 » thick, of rather slender, clavate paraphyses of 5-7 cells; tetrasporangia narrow- elliptical, about 45-50 » long, 9-12 » wide; sexual reproduction not observed in Mexican material. Type: Holotype not designated and existence of original material unknown to the writer. Type LocaLiry: Mediterranean Sea. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Baja Calif. (Cape district )—Howell 728, dredged from 40 meters depth, off San Jose del Cabo, Aug. A comparison of the Howell collection with specimens from the Mediterranean has shown them to be essentially identical in all sig- nificant respects. A Japanese specimen of Peyssonelia caulifera Okamura also shows very close agreement and suggests that that name probably should be considered as a synonym. Peyssonelia pacifica Kylin Plate 11, figs. 3-4 Kylin, 1925, p. 25, figs. 12B-D; Kylin, 1941, p. 8; Smith, 1944, p. 212, pl. 48, fig. 3. Thalli saxicolous, very lightly calcified, closely adherent by rhizoids or by semi-penetrating cell rows, usually reflecting the irregularities of the substrate, to 6-7 cm. broad, of a dark purplish-red color, the surface often with a somewhat granular texture, usually without conspicuous striations, 250-350 (450) » thick; transection showing a hypothallus of quadrangular cells 15-20 » in diameter giving rise to erect or ascending, 1-3 times branched rows of more or less rectangular cells decreasing up- wards in diameter and height to about 4-6 p» broad; tetrasporangia long- ovate, 40-55 » long, 18-25 » wide, cruciately divided, borne in super- ficial, scarcely elevated nemathecial sori 1.5-3.0 mm. broad, 70-100 p deep, among dense, rather coarse, clavate paraphyses of 6-8 cells, the upper ones relatively short and broad; sexual reproduction not observed in the Mexican material (see Kylin, 1925). Type: Holotype not designated but probably represented by Kylin’s original collection in the Botanical Museum, University of Lund, Sweden. Type LocaLity: Growing on Patella, south of False Bay, San Juan Island, Washington. NO. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 103 MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 9866, South Bay, Isla Cedros, Apr. Sinaloa—D. 3674, Mazatlan, Dec. The material from Isla Cedros agrees particularly closely with Kylin’s species previously known only from Washington and from Monterey, California, as well as with specimens from La Jolla and from Point Fermin, Calif. Its distinctive features are its small vegeta- tive cells, its somewhat sunken tetrasporangial nemathecia which are more or less flush with the surface of the vegetative thallus, and the relatively small, ovate tetrasporangia. A Cruoriella-like character of the hypothallus may develop in this species due to the irregular growth of the margins over a rough sub- strate such as sandstone. Peyssonelia guadalupensis sp. nov. Plate 11, figs. 5-6; Plate 33, figs. 3-4 Thallo stricte adhaerenti, 6-10 cm. lato, exigue calcificato, rhizoidi- bus multicellularibus, crassitudine valde irregulari, plerumque autem 300-400 . crasso; nematheciis tetrasporangialibus elevatis, 150-200 p crassis; paraphysibus densis, tenuibus, exigue clavatis, 12-18 cellularum, superiorum doleiformium, catenatis apparentibus; tetrasporangiis lon- geovatis, 100-130 p» longis, 35-50 yp latis. Thalli crustose, forming closely adherent expansions of 6-10 cm._ over extremely irregular masses of consolidated worm tubes and cal- careous debris and assuming these irregularities in their own surfaces, dark, dull, purplish-red in color, lightly calcified mainly on under surface, attached by numerous short, multicellular rhizoids, of extremely irregu- lar thickness due to the irregularities of the substrate (180) 300-400 (500) p» thick, with a rather well-defined hypothallus of radially elon- gated cells 16-19 » wide giving rise to ascending, mostly once-branched perithallus cell rows; upper perithallus cells 9-11 ~ wide; tetrasporangial nemathecia superficial, more or less elevated, (120) 150-200 (250) p thick; paraphyses dense, slender, slightly clavate, mostly unbranched, of (10) 12-18 cells, the upper ones barrel shaped 9-10 » diameter and appearing catenate; tetrasporangia elongate-ovate, 110-130 y» long, 35- 50 (60) » wide; sexual reproduction not observed. Type: Holotype is Dawson 8349, Dec. 18, 1949, in box 56275, in vial 2352, and on slides 1882-1887 in HAHF. Type LOCALITY: Outer margin of reef at extreme south tip of Isla Guadalupe, Baja California. 104 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 The thick nemathecium with many-celled, catenate paraphyses, the large sporangia and the multicellular rhizoids mark this species as a distinctive member of the genus. Peyssonelia rubra var. orientalis Weber van Bosse Plate 10, figs. 8-9 Weber van Bosse, 1921, p. 270-272, figs. 86-89. Peyssonelia rubra (Grev.) J. Ag. as interpreted by Taylor, 1945, p. 168; Setchell & Gardner, 1930, p. 175. Thalli forming crusts to 7-8 cm. broad on shells and rocks, lightly calcified on lower side, with a slight to moderate marginal lobing, the upper surface provided with longitudinal striations and sometimes with faint concentric bands, closely but rather loosely attached to the sub- strate mainly by numerous unicellular rhizoids, sometimes with the margins in part free, occasionally becoming superimposed, deep rose red in color, sometimes crimson when fresh, 100-300 » thick; hypothallus as seen from below usually of cells 25-40 » by 12-16 p» in dimensions, in tangential section these cells tending to be taller than broad and with ventral walls usually uniformly rounded so as to give a “cobblestone” effect to the lower surface; perithallus of unbranched, usually strictly erect rows of usually 6-10 cells, the lower of these cells more or less isodiametrical or taller than broad, the upper ones flattened and 11-16 p» broad ; tetrasporangial nemathecia superficial, elevated, 80-160 p thick, of dense, slender, slightly clavate, simple or once-branched paraphyses in a gelatinous matrix; tetrasporangia ovate to elongate ovate, 70-110 pu long, 25-55 p» wide; sexual reproduction not observed. Type: Holotype not designated. Original material of several collections deposited in the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands . Type Locatity: None specifically designated. Seventeen Dutch East Indian localities indicated, from intertidal to 120 meters depth. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 8457b, 8413, 8312, Isla Guadalupe, Dec.; Howell 928, Kellett Channel, off Isla Cedros, Aug. 15, 1932. (Specimens are also at hand from dredgings in depths of 30-50 meters in the Channel Islands region of southern Cali- fornia.) Gulf of Calif —D. 860, Isla Jorge, intertidal, Feb.; D. 6997, Bahia Salinas, Isla Carmén, Mar.; D. 7242, Bahia Agua Verde, Mar.; D. 7029, Bahia San Gabriél, Isla Espiritu Santo, intertidal, Mar.; D. 6939b, San Lorenzo Channel, Mar.; D. 3245, Punta Palmilla, inter- No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 105 tidal, Nov. Revillagigedo Archip—Taylor 39-35, 34-62, Isla Clarion, Jan.-Mar.; Taylor 34-40B, Isla Socorro, Jan. Nayarit—D. 3708, Mira Mar, intertidal, Dec. The collections cited above are from dredge hauls unless otherwise indicated. Although the plant has been taken from depths as great as 100 meters, it may occur in sheltered intertidal localities if shaded from strong light. Our material is assigned to this apparently widespread species follow- ing the work of Weber van Bosse who examined Greville’s type and compared it with her East Indian specimens. Like the East Indian, the Mexican plants here identified with her subspecies orientalis differ from the Mediterranean type mainly in the absence of multicellular rhizoids and in the less prominent lobing of the margins. Although the rhizoid character would appear to be suitable for specific segregation, Weber van Bosse reported some variability in the prevalence of multicellular rhizoids in the Mediterranean P. rubra and felt it better to recognize the Pacific examples only in a subspecific category. The Mexican plants may be distinguished from other Peyssonelia species by their relatively thin, lightly calcified, loosely attached thalli, their usually erect, rather than oblique, perithallial cell rows, and by their elevated, more or less gelatinous tetrasporangial sori. Peyssonelia conchicola Picc. & Grun. Plate 11, figs, 12-13 Piccone & Grunow, in Piccone, 1884, p. 317, pl. 7, figs. 5-8; Weber van Bosse, 1921, p. 272, fig. 91. Thalli crustose, more or less orbicular, 2-3 cm. broad, growing on shells and nullipores, dull, pale reddish in color, firmly attached to the substrate by numerous short, unicellular rhizoids and by a heavily cal- cified lower surface, with only the margins somewhat free, lightly cal- cified over all, 70-110 » thick in sterile parts; radial transection showing a distinct hypothallus of large, rectangular cells broader than tall, 20- 26 pw broad, 11-16 yp tall, giving rise to oblique or ascending, once or twice branched perithallial cell rows in which the lower cell resembles the hypothallus cell, the 2-3 middle tiers are taller than broad, and the upper 2-4 tiers become progressively shorter to 5 p» high and about 11-12 » broad; carposporangial nemathecia forming dark, orbicular or elon- gated spots on the surface, 1-3 mm. in diameter, strongly elevated, gelatinous, to 120 » thick, of slender, non-clavate, mostly unbranched 106 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 paraphyses; carpospores 25-32 » in diameter; tetrasporangia in small, elevated nemathecia 70-90 » deep, elongate-ovate, 60-70 w long, among short, coarse, non-clavate, simple or branched paraphyses of 4-6 more or less uniform cells 9-10 » in diameter; antheridia not observed. Type: Holotype not designated. The material studied by Grunow from the herbarium of Piccone, later in the herbarium of A. Forti, is now in the Botanical Institute, Pavia, Italy. A syntype specimen sent to, and studied by Weber van Bosse is in the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands. TYPE LOCALITY: Massaua, Red Sea. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—Howell 892, from 20 fms., Bahia de San Lucas, Aug. This species which was originally described from sterile specimens, but in the type material Weber van Bosse found and figured a male nemathecium. The Mexican specimens agree structurally with the original description and with Weber van Bosse’s reanalysis of the species. It resembles Mexican specimens of P. rubra var. orientalis, but has distinctly oblique or ascending perithallus cell rows unlike that plant, and is more firmly attached to the substrate by the cementing function of the calcification of the under surface. It differs from P. pacifica by its thinner, but larger-celled thallus, by its larger carpospores and tetra- sporangia, more elevated tetrasporangial nemathecia, and thick, non- clavate paraphyses. Peyssonelia mexicana sp. nov. Plate 11, figs. 1-2 Thallo stricte adhaerenti, 2-3 cm. vel plus lato, maius calcificato in duabus partibus inferioribus, rhizoidibus unicellularibus, 250-550 pu crasso; seriebus cellularum perithalli ascendentibus, cellulis summis 6-8 p diametro maximo; nematheciis tetrasporangialibus elevatis, 130-150 p crassis; paraphysibus tenuibus, haud ramificatis, circa 7 cellularum; tetrasporangiis 60-100 p longis, 22-30 yp latis. Thalli saxicolous, crustose, firmly and closely adherent to the sub- stratum, rather heavily calcified in the lower 24, forming expansions of 2-3 cm. or more, attached by short, unicellular rhizoids; 250-550 (600) p thick, the surface relatively smooth but reflecting the irregularities of the substrate; hypothallus distinct, of regular parallel rows of cells 8-15 by 25-30 pw as seen in inferior surface view, about 25-30 » high, with a thick basal cuticle to 10 » thick; perithallus of regular ascending, then No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 107 vertical rows of rectangular cells mostly twice as long as broad, these rows once or twice branched in the 2nd-3rd or to the 5th tier, the cells decreasing in size and in relative height toward the superior surface where the uppermost ones are shorter than broad and only 6-8 yp in greatest diameter; tetrasporangial nemathecia elevated above surface of surrounding vegetative tissue, 130-150 yp thick, of rather dense, slender, unbranched paraphyses as little as 2 « wide at the base, 5 p» at the top, of about 7 elongated cells, the upper 2-3 shorter, the terminal one often more or less pointed; tetrasporangia narrow, especially when young, maturing 60-100 » long, 22-30 (35) m broad; sexual reproduction not observed. Type: Holotype is Dawson 3867, Feb. 2, 1947, in vial 2346 and on slides 1856-1858 in HAHF. Typr LOCALITY: On granitic outcrops, southeast side of Bahia Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 3927, outer wave dashed rocks on reef near Playa Angosta, Acapulco, Guerrero, Feb.; D. 117, Cabo Colnett, Baja Calif., Jan. This species superficially resembles Peyssonelia pacifica, but differs in several points of structure and in the elevation of the nemathecia. It is distinct from other peyssoneliae by manner of its thick thallus, ascend- ing perithallus cell rows, unicellular rhizoids, and superficial nemathecia with slender, unbranched paraphyses which are usually considerably - smaller at their bases than the vegetative cells from which they arise. The Cabo Colnett collection, although apparently representative of quite a different temperature province from that of the type, differs only in its lesser calcification and slightly larger cells throughout. Peyssonelia calcea Heydrich Heydrich, 1897, p. 10; Weber van Bosse, 1921, p. 277, fig. 94; Taylor, 1945, p. 169. Thallus crustose, forming irregular‘ discs more than 5 cm. in dia- meter, the margin lobed, the surface dull, brownish or yellowish when dry with darker glutinous spots, moderately closely adherent without any free lobes but readily cracking off the rocky substratum when dry, the lower portion firmly calcified, only the uppermost, small-celled por- tions of the perithallus free from lime, to 450 p thick; hypothallus of one layer of cells mostly 45-55 p» high, 45-80 » long, provided on the under side with a pronounced cuticle 8-16 » thick and with many short, 108 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 rather straight, unicellular rhizoids; perithallus consisting of (1) a thick, calcified layer of large, irregularly shaped cells with conspicuous inter- cellular spaces and rather sparse cytoplasmic contents, these rounded to elongate-quadrangular and mostly taller than broad, 25-45 p in greatest diameter, reduced in size upward, and (2) a thinner, non-calcified, sur- face layer of 4-7 tiers of small cells 6-7 » wide, 10-14 » tall, except the outermost 1-2 tiers which are usually flat and only 4-5 p tall; larger, rounded heterocysts frequent among the smaller, superficial cells, about 12-18 » in diameter; tetrasporangial nemathecia small, about 80-90 » deep, with slender paraphyses terminated by about 2 subspherical cells united in a gelatinous surface matrix; tetrasporangia ovoid, 55-72 p long, 22-35 pw wide. Type: Holotype destroyed in Berlin in 1945. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘Tami Island, New Guinea. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Revillagigedo Archipel——Taylor 34-41, dredged from 37 meters, Bahia Braithwaite, Isla Socorro, Jan. With the loss of the type of this species originally described from sterile material, one must rely heavily upon the work of Weber van Bosse for an interpretation of this plant. Although Taylor’s specimen does not show the “zones d’accoisement” indicated in Weber van Bosse’s figure, it seems to agree in all other essential details with the East Indian plant, including the presence of the cortical heterocysts. Peyssonelia clarionensis Taylor Plate 10, fig. 10; Plate 11, figs. 10-11; Plate 33, fig. 2 Taylor, 1945, p. 168. Thalli closely crustose except at the very margin, to 2 cm. broad or more, 150-220 » thick, chalky pink when dry, firmly calcified below and brittle, attached first by numerous unicellular rhizoids; hypothallus cells mostly 25-30 p long, 14-16 (20) yw wide in surface view, 20-25 yp high, supporting ascending and then vertical, once- or twice-forked rows of perithallus cells; perithallus cells more or less rectangular in section, variable in length but mostly longer than broad in mid-parts of rows, those of the last 2-3 tiers flat, 10-13 » broad; tetrasporangial nemathecia scattered, small 0.5-0.8 mm. in diameter, prominently elevated, to 120 p thick; paraphyses slender, slightly clavate, branched, of 5-6 cells with narrow lumena, the upper ones short, the lower much elongated ; tetra- sporangia elongate-ovate, 85-133 » long, 45-60 » wide. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 109 Type: Holotype is Taylor 34-74c, Jan. 5, 1934, in box 3620 in HAHF. Type Locatity: At a depth of 56 meters off Isla Clarion, Re- villagigedo Archipelago, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type collection and from a second collection (Taylor 34-68) at the same locality but from a depth of 103 meters. Cruoriella fissurata sp. nov. Plate 7, fig. 6; Plate 24, fig. 1 Thallo exigue calcificato, ad 10 cm. vel plus lato, laxius adhaerente, recenti haud striato, siccato contracto radialiterque fisso, substratum recludente inter partes angustas, anastomosantes thalli sicci, 200-600 p crasso; cellulis hypothalli 40-50 p» longis, 16-19 p latis, 30-48 yp altis; cellulis superioribus perithalli 12-13 yp latis. Thalli forming expanded, rose-colored, slightly calcified crusts to 10 cm. wide or more on rocks, shells, etc., rather loosely adherent to the substrate, with few rhizoids, smooth and without marked striations when fresh, when dry shrinking and splitting radially so as to expose the sub- strate between the narrow, anastamosing parts of the dry thallus, the margins wavy and more or less lobed, growing irregularly by small fan- shaped areas, not normally becoming superimposed, when dry the sur- - face covered with minute, mound-like elevations which are in part arranged so as to form minute, radiating, anastamosing ridges, but these scarcely visible macroscopically, mostly over 200 » thick, some well de- veloped thalli 500-600 ,» thick; hypothallus of very conspicuously con- verging, diverging and anastomosing, fan-shaped groups of cell-rows, the cells 40-50 » long, 16-19 » wide and 36-48 » high, giving rise to ascending, usually twice-forked cell-rows making up the perithallus, the upper cells of these filaments more or less quadrate, 12-13 4 wide and mostly shorter than broad; tetrasporangial and carposporangial nema- thecia not seen; antheridial nemathecia*(as seen in D. 3849a) small, 220 uw wide or more, slightly elevated, about 35 » deep, the antheridia aris- ing by transverse and longitudinal divisions of short, thick nemathecial filaments, 2.0-2.5 » in diameter. Type: Holotype is Dawson 6830a in box 55445, including slide 1577, in BAHF. Type Loca.ity: Intertidal rocky shore, Cabeza Ballena, Baja California, Mexico, March 11, 1949. 110 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 3849a, on worm tubes attached to intertidal rocks, Acapulco, Guerrero, Feb.; D. 1869, near Guaymas, Sonora, May; D. 7109, Punta Aguja, Bahia Concepcion, Baja Calif., Mar. Cruoriella hancockii sp. nov. Plate 11, fig. 9; Plate 33, fig. 1 Thallo magnopere calcificato, 3-6 cm. lato, 400-1000 yu crasso, super- ficie plus minusve levi, haud striata, rhizoidibus unicellularibus, per aetatem prominenter stratificato; tetrasporangiis in nematheciis 65-75 p crassis, 70-110 » sub superficie mersis; paraphysibus intercalaribus ap- parentibus in seriebus cellularum perithalli, 6-7 cellularum elongatarum; tetrasporangiis (haud maturis) 70-85 pu longis, 11-20 yp latis. Thallus crustose, heavily calcified, especially in the lower two-thirds, firmly adherent to the rocky substrate, dull brownish or purplish red to chalky pink when dry, forming crusts 3-6 cm. broad or completely cover- ing small rocks, 400-1000 » thick, the surface moderately smooth, with- out striations; young thallus margins showing numerous short, unicellu- lar rhizoids and the characteristic Cruoriella hypothallus of converging and diverging fan-shaped groups of cells; old thallus parts prominently stratified, apparently by successive periods of growth; perithallus cell rows more or less vertical, to 34 » in diameter below, 7-9 » in diameter above, the upper several tiers usually uncalcified ; tetrasporangial nema- thecia immersed in the stratified thallus 70-100 » below the surface, 65- 75 p thick; paraphyses appearing to be intercalcary in the perithallus cell rows, of 6-7 elongated cells; tetrasporangia more or less fusiform, 70- 85 pw long, 11-20 » wide at time of the first division; mature sporangia not observed ; sexual reproduction not observed. Type: Holotype is Dawson 9050, April 27, 1950, in box 56282, including slides 1895-1899, in HAHF. Type LOCALITY: South shore, East Island, Islas San Benito, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 9186, Bahia Asuncion, Baja California, Apr.; D. 6830, Cabeza Ballena, Baja California, Mar. Although the tetrasporangial nemathecia are immature in the type, the second division not having been completed, the immersed condition is unique and marks this species as a distinctive one of this genus. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 1 i Cruoriella magdalenae sp. nov. PlateiApneys Thallo exigue calcificato, 2 cm. vel plus lato, laxe affixo, intacto arescente, 150-200 » crasso, superficie caelamen minutum exhibente; nematheciis tetrasporangialibus haud elevatis, superficiei vegetativae plus minusve aequalibus, plerumque 50 p» vel minus altis; paraphysibus paulum distinctis; tetrasporangiis ovatis, 40-45 pw longis, 19-21 p latis. Thalli forming expanded, deep dull red, very lightly calcified crusts to 7 cm. wide on rocks, rather loosely attached by a hyaline ventral film and by a few short, thick rhizoids, drying without splitting, the surface of dry specimens provided with scattered, small, sharp elevations resembling desert hills and ridges, mostly 150-200 » thick; hypothallus (as seen from below) of very conspicuous converging, diverging and anastomosing, narrow, fan-shaped groups of cells, these groups accen- tuated by some of the forking cell rows having differentiated contents causing them to appear like veins, the cells 21-29 p» long, 9-14 » wide, 20-29 p» high, giving rise to ascending, once- or twice-branched, compact cell rows making up the perithallus, the upper cells of these filaments more or less quadrate, 6.0-7.5 s wide; tetrasporic nemathecia nearly flush with the surface of the vegetative thallus, or at least not promi- nently elevated, usually not exceeding 50 » deep, 700 » wide or more, the paraphyses short, rather coarse, not much differentiated from the sterile bearing filaments except for more elongated cells; tetrasporangia ovate, 37-45 » long, 19-23 » wide; sexual reproduction not observed. Type: Holotype is Dawson 9363c May 4, 1950, in box 55471, including slides 1601-1603, in HAHF. Type LocaLity: Growing over Hildenbrandia on a siliceous rock, intertidal, Punta Hughes, Isla Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 10413, Punta San Eugenio, Baja Calif., Nov. 1, 1951. This species differs from Cruoriella dubyi and from all other des- cribed species, including the several East Indian ones of Weber van Bosse, by its thin, simple, spreading, deep red vegetative thallus, by its shallow, non-elevated nemathecia, short, coarse paraphyses and small tetrasporangia. Cruoriella dubyi (Crouan & Crouan) Schmitz Plate 7, figs. 2-3 Schmitz, 1889, p. 20, Rosenvinge, 1917, p. 193, figs. 115-117; Taylor, 1945, p. 169, in part. Peyssonelia dubyi Crouan & Crouan, 1844, p. 367, pl. 11, figs. 6-10; Weber van Bosse, 1916, p. 136. 12 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Thalli forming expanded, purplish-brown or reddish, lightly calcified crusts 2-5 cm. wide on rocks or shells, firmly adherent, drying without splitting, the margins wavy and more or less lobed and growing irregu- larly by small fan-shaped areas, in part becoming superimposed, the surface provided with minute, radiating, anastomosing, discontinuous ridges which show sufficient relief to be visible macroscopically, mostly 100-200 (or to 300) » thick; hypothallus (as seen from below) of very conspicuous converging, diverging and anastomosing fan-shaped groups of cell-rows, the cells 26-30 w long, 12-15 m« wide and 25-35 yu high, giving rise to ascending or nearly vertical, once- or twice-branched, com- pact cell-rows making up the perithallus, the upper cells of these fila- ments more or less quadrate, 9-10 ~ wide and somewhat shorter than broad ; tetrasporangial nemathecia 750 » wide or more, superficial, ele- vated, about 90-100 » thick, the paraphyses very slender-clavate, mostly unbranched and of 5-6 cells; tetrasporangia 60-80 » long, 20-25 » wide; antheridia borne in nemathecial sori about 36 p» thick, formed by several transverse and one longitudinal division of the nemathecial filaments so that 10-12 antheridia occur in the length, and 2 in the width, of the fila- ment, 2.5-3.2 » in diameter; carposporic nemathecia small, 200-500 p» wide, superficial, gelatinous, bearing numerous rows of 3 or more car- pospores of irregular shape, 17-28 in greatest diameter. Type: Holotype not designated but represented by the original Crouan material in the Herbarium of the Museum of Paris. Isotype fragments are on sheet 54107, including slides 1573-1574, in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: Atlantic coast of France near Brivatem. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 294, 8 km. south of Punta Descanso, Jan.; Howell, 915a, Isla San Martin, Aug.; D. 8609, 8218a, Isla Guadalupe, Dec.; D. 2895, just south of Punta Santa Rosalia, Oct.; D. 2951, Millers Landing, Oct.; D. 9869, Isla Cedros, Apr.; D. 9969, 10 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Apr. Gulf of Calif —D. 6856a, Mar., Howell 42, Aug., Bahia de San Lucas; D. 4444, Bahia Bocochibampo, Feb. Revillagigedo Archip.—Taylor 39-28a, dredged from 50-75 m., Mar., Taylor 39-8, shore, Mar., Taylor 34-68, dredged from 102 m., Jan., Bahia Sulphur, Isla Clarién; Taylor 34- 40a, dredged from 37 m., Bahia Braithwaite, Isla Socorro, Jan. Nayarit- D. 3710, Mira Mar, Dec. (Taylor’s 34-598a from Isla Isabel seems to have been mistakenly identified as this species. The material is sparse and sterile but does not seem to show the characteristic hypothallus structure or surface ridges of Cruoriella dubyi.) no. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 113 The material cited above has been compared with type fragments obtained from the Crouan Herbarium in the Museum of Paris through the kindness of Dr. Pierre Bourelly. They agree in all essential details. The radiating, anastomosing ridges on the thallus surface are particular- ly distinctive and separate it readily from the several Mexican Peys- sonelia species recognized here. Corallinaceae Subf. Corallinoideae Key TO THE MEXICAN GENERA 1. Plants with terminal conceptacles . . . - . . + 2 1, Plants without terminal conceptacles . . Ay MO Ne 2. Intergenicular medullary filaments flexuous ued tneeriaenne : Calliarthron cheilosporioides 2: Atereeniculer edeltary filaments straight 9. |. = .. 3 3. Branching primarily and dominantly dichotomous . Jania 3. Branching primarily and dominantly pinnate . . Corallina Abee Geniculasunizanalcete vice ieee ey ksi ots, Latkes ey kD 4. Genicula multizonal . . . . Amphiroa (in part) 5. Intergenicular medulla unizonal . . Lithothrix aspergillum 5. Intergenicular medulla multizonal . . . . . Rats, 6. Intergenicular medullary cells in transverse zones of ene and short cells . . . +. ~~ . + Amphiroa (in part) 6. Intergenicular medullary cells in transverse zones of equal Henetiya) en cup ee ee Ae ct ees wie OL TP Usossed Calliarthron cheilosporioides Manza Plate 8, fig. 9 Manza, 1937, p. 46; Manza, 1940, p. 266, pl. 2; Smith, 1944, p. 2357p plas, Meant: Thalli saxicolous, 10-20 cm. high, consisting of several to many erect axes from a crustose basal stratum; erect axes cylindrical at the base, with several intergenicula 1.5-1.8 mm. in diameter and about as long as broad, the intergenicula above first becoming longer, to 2.5 times as long as broad and compressed, then becoming strongly flattened and winged above and with a prominent, thickened midrib; branching generally sparse, in part dichotomous, but mainly irregularly alternate or opposite, distichous; upper intergenicula 4-6 mm. broad and 2.5 mm. long, cuneate to obcordate, the wings acute or blunt; intergenicular 114 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 medulla multizonal, of flexuous, interlacing filaments; genicula only slightly visible between intergenicula, unizonal, 300-400 yp long, of straight filaments; tetrasporangial conceptacles domoid, up to 1 mm. in diameter, borne irregularly on flattened faces of intergenicula, on the lateral margins of the wings and in part on the upper margins of the Wings; tetrasporangia 150-190 » long, oblong; sexual plants not identi- fied in the Mexican material. Type: Holotype not designated. Syntypes are represented by tetra- sporic specimens on sheet 545724, and antheridial specimens on sheet 545721 in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. TypE LocALity: ‘Two syntype localities are indicated: Pacific Grove and Pebble Beach, both in Monterey County, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 4256, at depth of 18 meters, Islas Los Coronados, June; Cooper 769, Punta Santo Tomas, March; D. 8836, Punta Baja, Jan.; D. 10583, drift, Punta Norte, Isla Cedros, Oct.; Schmitt 287A-34, at depth of 17-24 meters, South Bay, Isla Cedros, March. This species is characteristic of the cool waters of central California. In Mexico its intertidal occurrence is apparently limited to the northern localities of maximum upwelling intensity. The two dredged collections indicate that it may be expected to occur more widely in the sublittoral. KEy TO THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF JANIA 1. Segments markedly compressed throughout Sy : 5 J. tenella var. zacae 1. Seeenes Herenalls all inde rarely a little compressed below . . Sind as Reha ane idee ee Jiang, 2. Thallus with pene Beene or opposite pinnate jones in addition to the primary dichotomous branching J. subpinnata 2 Thallus venice. aechocomseuely Resechel See a 3 3. Thalli decussate-dichotomously branched with relatively wide angles mostly over 45° . .g pies AW eC: 3. Thalli not markedly decussately feached angles Pathe nar- row, mostly 45° or less (sometimes prominently decussately branched in J. longiarthra, but angles very narrow . .. 5 4. Segments 60-100 » in diameter . . . J. capillacea 4. Segments mostly 120-170 » in diameter ete J. decussato-dichotoma NO. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 115 5. Segments 200-300 (400) pin diameter . . . J. robusta 5. Segments normally all 200 » in diam. or less . . . . 6 6. Branching more or less densely dichotomous above; inter- nodes short; segments mostly 2-5 diameters long . . . 7 6. Branching not densely dichotomous above; internodes long; segments 6-11 diameters long . . . J. longiarthra 7. Segments 120-150 (200) p» in diam.; tetrasporangial concep- tacles seriate, the lower ones supporting 1-4 others on succes- Sive fonkines above. | 2 1 oi) 2) iil (sl 6) ya nde mexicana 7. Segments 60-120 p» in diam.; tetrasporangial conceptacles all terminal, or at least not conspicuously or predominately seriate RUE ry Rh re Delian ee Nis) Sos hed ven Dem PEIE LLG NARs BERLE Jania subpinnata sp. nov. Plate 9, fig. 2 Thallis epiphyticis, telam contextam confusam in hospite ad 5 mm. crassam efficientibus; ramificatione primaria dichotoma; ramificatione secundaria subopposita vel unilaterali frequente, a terminis distalibus intergeniculorum maturorum; segmentis cylindricis, plerumque 90-100 p diametro, 3-5 diametris longis. Thalli epiphytic, forming a densely branched, confused, matted felt to about 5 mm. thick over major portions of the host; segments cylindri- cal, (70) 90-100 (120) p in diameter, 3-5 diameters long; primary branching dichotomous, the angles mostly about 45°, but subopposite or unilateral, distichous-pinnate branching frequent and often prominent; pinnate branches arising secondarily from near the distal end of mature intergenicula, often becoming regularly dichotomously branched them- selves ; conceptacles not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 3459, Nov. 10-11, 1946, on sheet 54860 and in box 55045, including slide 1454 and vial 2191, in HAHF. Type Locatity: Epiphytic on Digenia simplex, Bahia de La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. The peculiar secondarily pinnate Branching distinguishes this plant readily from other species of Jania along the Pacific Coast. It provides an exception to the strict dichotomous branching characteristic of the genus, as similarly an exception to the strict pinnate branching of Coral- lina is seen in C. janioides. Such pinnate branches in Jania are not entirely unique, however, for as Rosenvinge (1917) indicates, they may occur in Jania rubens. 116 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Jania capillacea Harvey Plate 9, fig. 1 Harvey, 1853, p. 84; Taylor, 1939, p. 13; Taylor, 1945, p. 195. Jania rubens (L.) Lamx., as interpreted by Dawson, 1944, p. 277, in part. Jania adhaerens Lamx., as interpreted by Setchell & Gardner, 1930, penu79. Thalli minute, growing intermingled with other small algae in tufts or turfs, or over debris, or with sponges, etc., forming colonies of inde- finite extent, sometimes quite dense; branching dichotomous and more or less decussate, commonly with wide angles of 60-90°, not congested above; intergenicula cylindrical, 60-100 , diam., the ultimate ones usually the most slender, (4) 5-10 (12) diameters long; apices more or less blunt; small accessory attachment discs often found on branches; conceptacles infrequent, the tetrasporangial ones about 300 y» in dia- meter, terminal, rostrate, bi- or tri-antenniferous. Type: Holotype is Tuomey 70, in the Harvey Herbarium, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. Type LocALity: Bahia Honda, Florida. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: ‘This species is essentially of tropical distribution. The material at hand includes specimens from Clipperton Island, from Guerrero, from the Revillagigedo Archipelago, from the Cape district of Baja California and from several stations in the Gulf of California to as far north as Isla Angel de la Guarda. On the Pacific Coast of Baja California it seems confined to warm bays and lagoons such as Laguna de San Ignacio, Laguna de Ojos Liebre and South Bay, Isla Cedros, avoiding the areas of upwelling. The specimen from Isla Guadalupe cited by Setchell and Gardner, 1930, as Jania adhaerens Lamx. is this plant. The specimen is variable in diameter, rather large ‘‘about 135 » broad” in lower parts, but at- tenuated to the more usual diameter for the species above. A collection from Puerto Marqués, Guerrero (Hubbs 46-239) shows a remarkable method of asexual reproduction. The upper parts of the plants produce triangular propagulae 150-200 p in diameter with long antenna-like branches from their upper corners. These propagulae, which resemble those of Sphacelaria, were observed to be deciduous at or below the basal point and to form attachment discs from any one of the three limbs in regenerating a new plant. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 117 Jania decussato-dichotoma (Yendo) Yendo Plate 27, fig. 3 Yendo, 1905, p. 37. Corallina decussato-dichotoma Yendo, 1902a, p. 25, pl. 3, figs. 1-3, pl. 7, figs. 3-4. Jania rubens (L.) Lamx., as inter- preted by Dawson, 1944, p. 227 in part. Thalli saxicolous or apparently so, forming alone, or with other small, low algae, sponges, debris, etc., a dense turf several cm. in extent and 1 cm. or more thick; branching irregularly decussate-dichotomous, the angles mostly wide; branches cylindrical throughout, (100) 120-170 (180) » in diameter, 2.5-5.0 diameters long; apices blunt; tetraspor- angial conceptacles infrequent, 210-300 » in diameter, urn-shaped, more or less rostrate, terminal and antenniferous or non-antenniferous. Type: None designated. Typr LOCALITY: Japan. No specific locality indicated (Misaki: Prov. of Boshu; Prov. of Hiuga). MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—Common at all seasons in the southern part of the Gulf: Vicinity of Guaymas, Bahia Concep- cién, Puerto Escondido, Isla Carmén, Bahia Agua Verde, Bahia de La Paz, Punta Frailes. Pacific Baja Calif—Not yet detected although two collections from La Jolla, California seem to be in good agreement both with the Gulf collections and with Yendo’s description of the species in Japan. As Yendo pointed out, the original description of Jania adhaerens Lamx. applies equally well to Jania decussato-dichotoma and to several other species. Accordingly, the latter and various other species have been identified with the confusing and actually unknown J. adhaerens. The rejection of the name J. adhaerens Lamx. from current and future liter- ature seems long overdue, for in the absence of (1) an adequate de- scription, (2) of a type specimen, (3) of an authentic illustration, and (4) of the source of the original material, no suitable interpretation of the name is possible. As Taylor has shown (1945, p. 196), the applica- tion of the name has differed widely even among the most competent authors. Several varied specimens, including some of the present species, were lumped tentatively under Jania rubens (L.) Lamx. in the earlier account of the Gulf of California algae (Dawson, 1944) to await more ample collections. It now appears that none of our plants satisfactorily agree with the European J. rubens, which, to judge from several imperfect but relatively recent accounts of the species (Rosenvinge, 1917; Manza, 1940; Newton, 1931; Taylor, 1928) is understood as a moderately large plant, 2-5 cm. high, 150-250 » in diameter below, and 100-160 2 in diameter above, with segments 3-6 diameters long. 118 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Jania natalensis Harvey Plate 27, figs. 1-2 Harvey, 1847, p. 107. Jania mexicana Taylor, as interpreted by Dawson, 1949, p. 218. Thalli saxicolous, forming clumps to 7 cm. high, usually of a dull grey-pink color, consisting of many densely massed, erect, cylindrical, richly-branched parts from a crustose basal stratum; branching dicho- tomous throughout, with narrow angles, the upper branches tending to be uniformly curved, scarcely attenuated; intergenicula more or less uniform in diameter throughout, 200-300 » in diameter (to 350-400 pu in coarse specimens), nearly always much longer than broad, usually 3-5 diameters long, but of irregular length and partly to 8-9 diameters long; apices obtuse-conical; tetrasporangial conceptacles not abundant, 400-450 » in diameter, forming the terminal bulge of short-clavate terminal segments, bi- or tri-antenniferous, the antennae sometimes developing into branches; sexual plants not seen in the Pacific American specimens. Type: Holotype is a collection by Dr. Gueinzius, probably in the Harvey Herbarium, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. TYPE LOCALITY: Port Natal, South Africa. PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTION: California—D. 5777, 9583, Point Dume, Los Angeles Co., Nov.; Cooper 196, Topanga Canyon mouth, Los Angeles Co., May; D. 9594, Corona del Mar, Jan.; Cooper 50, Laguna Beach, Dec.; D. 5334, 5441, 5378 (Oct.), D. 325, 6052 (Jan.), Stephenson JA34 (Dec.), La Jolla. Pacific Baja Calif.—D. 213, 8 km. south of Punta Descanso, Jan.; D. 2855, just south of Punta Santa Rosalia, Oct.; D. 1392, Millers Landing, Apr.; Williams 4/30/46, Laguna Ojos Liebre (Scammon), Apr.; D. 9862, South Bay, Isla Cedros, Apr.; D. 10032, 11 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Bahia Vizcaino, Apr. A comparison of our California and Mexican material with speci- mens from the Cape Peninsula of South Africa (det. A. V. Manza) and from Kangaroo Island, South Australia (det. H. B. S. Womersley) has revealed no appreciable or consistent differences. This species resembles Jania mexicana ‘Taylor in habit, but is dis- tinctly larger in all respects and has more irregularly elongate segments. It is the coarsest species of our coast and seems to be confined to the warmest intertidal localities along the southern California and north- western Baja California coasts. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 119 Jania longiarthra sp. nov. Plate 9, fig. 4; Plate 27, fig. 4 Thallis ad 2.3 cm. altis, dense dichotome ramificatis, valde acutan- gulis, partim irregulariter decussatis; intergeniculis ubique cylindricus, teretibus, haud constrictis, infra 120-150 » diametro, supra expandenti- bus ad 200 p, 6-12 diametris longis. Thalli to 2.3 cm. high, densely branched, forming a coarse tuft among various low turf-forming algae; branching dichotomous, some- times, or in part, rather prominently but irregularly decussate, erect and with very narrow angles above; intergenicula cylindrical throughout, smooth, unconstricted, 120-150 » in diameter below, expanding to 200 (210) » above, 6-12 diameters long; apices subulate; conceptacles not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 7041, Mar. 14, 1949, in box 55048 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: Among various turf-forming algae including Jania capillacea, in inner Bahia San Gabriél, Isla Espiritu Santo, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 75a-40, Bahia de Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, Jan. 23, 1940. A rather poorly developed plant, possibly referable here, but with habit modified by Choreonema parasitism, was found 11 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Bahia Vizcaino, D. 10095, April. It differs from the Gulf material in being slightly attenuated above and in having somewhat larger and considerably shorter intergenicula in lower parts. This species is distinguished from others of our coast by its narrow angle of branching and by its very long intergenicula. It appears to be rather rare and confined to protected bays subject to high insolation. It approaches Jania nipponica (Yendo) Yendo in size and habit, but differs by its intergenicula which are longer, cylindrical throughout, and larger in diameter above than below. Jania mexicana Taylor Taylor, 1945, p. 197, pl. 60. Thalli commonly attached to barnacles, or saxicolous, densely tufted, 1.5-2.3 cm. high, the branching erect and dense, subcorymbose; axes cylindrical throughout ; segments 340-425 » long, 170-205 p in diameter below, 120-150 » in ultimate segments above; apices obtuse-conical ; tetrasporangial conceptacles ovoid, about 300 p» in diameter, antennifer- 120 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 ous by two horn-like propections from the shoulders, these usually developing into branchlets of 1-several segments which in turn end in conceptacles and repeat, a conceptacle, thus, often supporting 1-4 suc- cessive forkings in which case the branching becomes more divergent than in the sterile parts; antheridial plants with narrow branch-angles ; antheridial conceptacles elongate-ellipsoidal, 240-279 p in diameter, 450- 600 » long, apically rather acute, strictly terminal and non-antennifer- ous; antheridia fusiform, about 5 by 2 » in dimensions ; cystocarpic plants not seen. Type: Holotype is Taylor 34-569, Mar. 2, 1934, in box 3631 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: Bahia Petatlan, Guerrero, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Sinaloa—D. 3617, 3649, Mazatlan, Dec. Nayarit—D. 3705, Mira Mar, Dec. Jalisco—D. 3752, Barra de Navidad, Dec. Guerrero—Hubbs 46-234, Acapulco, Sept. Oaxaca— Taylor 34-553, Bahia Tangola-Tangola, Feb.; D. 3827, 3785, Salina Cruz, Jan- The successive compounding of the tetrasporic conceptacular branches is distinctive in this densely tufted little plant which appears to range along the whole of the tropical mainland coast of Mexico. The antheridial plants are rare compared to the abundant, fertile, asexual individuals. Jania tenella Kiitzing var. tenella Plate 9, fig. 3 Kiitzing, 1858, Tab. Phyc. 8: p. 41, pl. 85, fig. 2; Dawson, 1949a, p. 25. Jania rubens (L.) Lamx., as interpreted by Setchell & Gardner, 1930, p. 179. Corallina ungulata Yendo, as interpreted by Collins, Holden & Setchell in Phyc. Bor. Am. No. 1050. Thalli usually epiphytic, but sometimes saxicolous, forming soft, dense tufts covering considerable parts of the host, 1-2 cm. high, con- sisting of many congestedly branched erect parts from an inconspicuous disc, cylindrical throughout, or sometimes the lower segments somewhat compressed; branching strictly dichotomous, often subcorymbose, es- sentially in one plane, or sometimes with an obscure tendency toward decussate arrangement, the angles rather narrow, the internodes pro- gressively shorter toward upper parts of plants; intergenicula 60-120 pin diameter, (2.5) 3 to 5 (6) diameters long; apices subulate, or some- times ungulate in growth; tetrasporangial conceptacles about 250 p in No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 121 diameter, urn-shaped, long-antenniferous from prominent shoulders; antheridial conceptacles elongate ellipsoid, about 150 in diameter, 300 uw long, terminal, pedicellate, non-antenniferous; carposporangial con- ceptacles similar to tetrasporangial ones. Type: Holotype is Kiitzing’s original specimen in the Rijksher- barium, Leiden, Holland. Two isotype fragments are on slide 1251 in HAHF. Type LocALity: Naples, Italy. ‘This species is interpreted from the fragments cited. They were obtained through the courtesy of Prof. H. Lam and Dr. Josephine Koster of the Rijksherbarium, Leiden. One of the fragments is shown in plate 9, figure 3. It was taken from the upper part of a plant 1.5 cm. high. The segments are mostly 100 p» in diameter, some to 120 p, and 21%4-3%4 (or to 4) diameters long. The specimens referred here are those within the diameter range of the type and with relatively short segments, mostly 3-5 diameters long. Such plants occur along the Pacific Coast of southern California and Baja California but are confined to distinctly warm localities. PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTION: California—D. 6068, Cardif, Jan.; D. 5442, La Jolla, Oct.; AHF 1431-41, Santa Catalina Island, Sept. Northwestern Baja Calif—Hubbs, Feb. 6, 1951, south side of Bahia de Todos Santos; D. 2867, just south of Punta Santa Rosalia, Oct. ; D. 2973, Millers Landing, Oct.; Hubbs 46-205, Islas San Benito, Aug. ; D. 8161, 8591, 8220, Isla Guadalupe, Dec.; D. 9946, South Bay, Isla Cedros, Apr., D. 9933, 10049, 10484, 10-17 miles west of Punta Mal- arrimo, Apr., Nov. Southern Baja Calif—D. 3296, Punta Palmilla, Nov.; D. 3318, Cabeza Ballena, Nov.; D. 3091, Cabo Pulmo, Nov. Costa Rica—Crocker 34, Port Parker, Jan. Jania tenella var. zacae var. nov. Plate 8, fig. 3; Plate 31, fig. 1 Thallis epiphyticis, 1.0-1.2 cm. altis, frondibus compluribus erectis ramosis e disco parvo; ramificatione ubique dichotoma, acutangula; intergeniculis compressis vel ubique complanatis, infra 130-160 yp latis, plerumque 2-2.5 diametris longis, supra minoribus. Thalli epiphytic, 1.0-1.2 cm. high, forming separate and widely spaced tufts on the host, consisting of several erect, branched parts from a small disc about 1 mm. in diameter; branching dichotomous through- out, not very dense, the angles quite narrow; intergenicula compressed 122 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 or flattened throughout, 130-160 » wide below, mostly 2-2.5 diameters long, smaller above, 70-100 » wide but of the same proportions; tetra- sporangial conceptacles urn-shaped, slightly compressed, about 300 » wide, rostrate, with a simple or forked antenna-like branch from either shoulder; antheridial conceptacles cylindrical, ellipsoid, 150 » in dia- meter, about 300 » long, terminal, non-antenniferous; carposporangial conceptacles not seen. Type: Holotype is Crocker 19, Feb. 2, 1938, in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. An isotype is on sheet 54868 in HAHF. Type LocaLity: Epiphytic on old Padina, Bahia Piedra Blanca, Costa Rica. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: A collection is at hand (D. 10075) from 11 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Bahia Vizcaino, Baja Calif., which consists of one juvenile and one adult plant on an old Gracilaria fragment. It shows close correspondence with the type although not all of the axes have such markedly compressed segments. Jania tenella var. zacae is apparently similar to the Japanese J. radiata Yendo which also has flat segments, but to judge from Yendo’s meager description of sterile material, our plants are smaller and have segments about half the size of those of the Japanese plant. Key To THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF CORALLINA Intergenicula cylindrical throughout or only slightly compressed 2 1. Intergenicula prominently compressed or flattened at least above aiid inmarmvaxess \ ime (iste? ist eed a) ee ees 2. Thalli small, less than 2 cm. high, pinnate-distichously and dichotomously branched . . . . . C. jantoides 2. Thalli to 3.5 cm. high, polystichously or verticillately branched from percurrent main axes . . C. polysticha Conceptacles normally all terminal, rarely congested . . . 5 3.. Conceptacles normally both terminal and lateral from flattened faces of intergenicula, often congested 2. 5 sf) ae eS 4. Ultimate intergenicula simple, lanceolate or spatulate, some- times somewhat lobed . C. pinnatifolia var. pinnatifolia 4. Ultimate intergenicula pinnate, palmate or flabellate, promi- nently digitately lobed . . C. pinnatifolia var. digitata 5. Tetrasporic conceptacles normally antenniferous, at least pre- dominately sor). 12 ei ee Sh aa ee eee = no. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 123 5. Tetrasporic conceptacles normally non-antenniferous, at least Predomumately Sn) vse Piel) se Wi eyo hla) ene Weil 27) 6. Branching from main axes more or less strictly dieciclous: pinnate ie) suite) Sealed eis ieractis var. eractlis 6. Branching from main axes prominently but irregularly ver- ficilate: 5) 27s 0) Ge eracilis. vars verticillata 7. Intergenicula of main axes mostly about .75 mm. broad and 1 mm. long; branching from main axes frequently verticillate 8 7. Intergenicula of main axes mostly 1.1-1.3 mm. broad and 1.5- 1.7 mm. long; branching from main axes normally strictly distichous-pinnate . . . . C. officinalis var. chilensis 8. Main axes percurrent; lateral pinnate branchlets one or more times pinnate or digitate . . . ier: Ties inwen eis cep (GL wancouveriensis var: yea podeites 8. Branching more or less compact, confused ; pinnate branch- lets mostly simple . . . C. vancouveriensis var. densa 8. Branching confused; pinnate branchlets pinnate or digitate and (or) the segments in part irregularly lobed or digitate ikea es oes ees, EOS wancouvertensts vars aculeata Corallina janioides sp. nov. Plate 9, fig. 5 Corallina cubensis (Mont.) Kiitz., as interpreted by Setchell & Gardner, 1930, p. 179. Thallis pulvinatis, 1.2-2.0 cm. altis, partibus eyhndncn subcylindri- cisve; ramificatione praecipue pinnata, alternata oppositave, irregulari; divisionibus 1-3 ultimatis ramorum attenuatorum pinnatorum plerumque dichotomis ; caulibus circa 200-250 diametro, intergeniculorum 300-450 » longis, ad genicula constrictis; conceptaculis circa 300 yp diametro, longiantenniferis. Thalli saxicolous, densely tufted, forming small, rounded, more or less corymbose, pulvinate clumps 1.2-2.0 cm. high, consisting of numer- ous, densely arranged, erect axes from the basal stratum, cylindrical or subcylindrical throughout; branching sparse below, becoming denser above, primarily pinnate, distichous or occasionally tristichous, opposite or alternate, irregular, not from every segment, also in part dichotomous, the 1-3 slender ultimate divisions of the pinnate branches usually dicho- tomous; axes about 200-250 » in diameter below, of intergenicula 300- 450 uw long, markedly constricted at the genicula, tapering gradually 124 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 in successive branch-orders above to long-attenuate ultimate branchlets only 50-70 p» in diameter; intergenicula throughout about twice as long as broad, slightly more elongate above; tetrasporangial conceptacles ovoid, about 300 » in diameter, terminal on upper branchlets, but long- antenniferous and occupying the position of a dichotomy. Type: Holotype is Dawson $355, Dec. 18, 1949, on sheet 54922, including vials 2193-2194 and slide 1453, in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: Intertidal on outer reef at extreme south tip of Isla Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Mason 12, Isla Guadalupe, April 1925 (a decalcified specimen in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, sheet 173649). The size and habit of this little plant, its partially dichotomous branching and very slender, attenuate, ultimate branches suggests Jania, especially in gross aspect. Its primary pinnate branching, however, places it in Corallina as currently accepted. It is easily the most distinctive species of the Mexican coast. Corallina pinnatifolia (Manza) comb. nov. Plate 9, figs. 7-13 Joculator pinnatifolius Manza, 1937, p. 47; Manza, 1940, p. 263, pl. 1, figs. 1-2; Taylor, 1945, p. 198, pl. 61. Thalli saxicolous, 2.5-5 cm. high, usually more or less densely branched and often forming hemispherical or at least rather compact clumps; branching opposite pinnate-plumose, sometimes tending to be- come whorled below, the pairs of indeterminate branches or the short, determinate, unsegmented pinnae arising from almost every intergenicu- lum; intergenicula variable in shape, those near the base subcylindrical or compressed, those of axis above flattened, usually about as long as broad, usually under 1.5 mm. in greatest diameter, more or less truncate triangular in outline with a distinct midrib, the wings, truncated by the pinnae arising from them, often with a lateral spur arising beneath each such pinna; ultimate, unsegmented pinnae usually irregularly lanceolate or spatulate, often awl-shaped below, and above sometimes tending to be digitate; tetrasporangial conceptacles borne variably, usually more abundant in lower parts of plants, primarily and predominantly ter- minal, often on slender, unsegmented ultimate pinnae which cause them to appear pedicellate, but also terminal on flattened pinnae, and (or) irregularly lateral from the flattened surfaces or margins of the inter- genicula in which case they usually protrude strongly, sometimes the No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 125 conceptacles compound by secondary conceptacles arising from them in antenna-like manner; antheridial conceptacles more or less strictly ter- minal on lateral pinnae, appearing more or less pedicellate, with a prom- inent, narrow, elongate rostrum. Type: Holotype is F. M. Reed 321, Jan. 15, 1934, on sheet 545769 in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. Type Ltocatity: Reef opposite Doheny State Park, Orange Coun- ty, Calif. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—Occurring at most intertidal, rocky shore localities along the peninsular coast from the international boundary to as far south as Isla Magdalena. The species has not yet been obtained from the outlying islands of Guadalupe or San Benito. With the exception of a single antheridial plant, all fertile specimens examined were tetrasporangial. As Taylor (1945) has pointed out, “the supposedly distinctive fea- ture of Joculator—that the conceptacles may be borne on the faces of the segments—is not unique, for it is a not infrequent occurrence on the classical Corallina officinalis L. of the New England coast.” The same is now found occasionally to be true of the forms of C. officinalis on the Pacific Coast. Hence, it seems unwarranted to retain the present species of Corallina under a separate generic name. Taylor’s specimen from the Galapagos Archipelago (1945) has been compared with Manza’s type from southern California and found to. agree satisfactorily. Together with other specimens reported here and under var. digitatus below, it gives this species a wide distribution in the eastern Pacific. The northernmost occurrence known to the writer is at Santa Cruz Island, California. Corallina pinnatifolia var. digitata var. nov. Plate 9, figs. 14-20; Plate 30, fig. 1 Corallina pilulifera Postels & Ruprecht, as interpreted by Dawson, 1944, p. 275. n Ad forman typicam speciei, at propensione digitata flabellataque intergeniculorum, praecique pinnarum lateralium, valde patefacta, multa intergenicula ultima intercalariaque formae summe irregularis dissecto- flabellataeque efficiente. Like the type of the species in size, habit and branching, but the digitate, flabellate tendency of the intergenicula, particularly of the lateral pinnae, very prominently developed such that many of the ulti- mate intergenicula, as well as intercalary ones, are of extremely irregular 126 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 dissected-flabellate shape; tetrasporangial conceptacles mostly congested in lower branches, arising irregularly from all parts of intergenicula and often the first formed ones giving rise to secondary conceptacles from their upper sides. Type: Holotype is Dawson 557, Feb. 13, 1946, on sheet 4275 and in box 55047 in HAHF. Type tocatity: Rocky shore at Punta Colorado, near Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: The following collections include fertile material and can definitely be placed here. D. 488, Bahia Bocochibampo, Sonora, Feb.; D. 123-40, Isla Turner, Sonora, Jan.; D. 394-40, Bahia Tepoca, Sonora, Feb. In addition, 15 collections of sterile specimens have been examined and are probably referable here. They are from the region north of Guaymas in the Gulf with the exception of a col- lection from Bahia Agua Verde, Baja California. Portions of a collection from Punta Santa Rosalia on the Pacific Coast of Baja California have markedly digitate terminal intergenicula and are quite like the Gulf specimens. Whereas the variety which includes the type occurs along the entire length of Pacific Baja California, this flabellate-digitate plant, which because of several intermediate forms seems inseparable as a distinct species, occurs widely in the Gulf of California. When fertile these plants are readily distinguished from the several other Corallina species by the irregular development of conceptacles from the faces and margins of the intergenicula as well as from the apices. The congested and prolif- erous nature of these conceptacles in var. digitatus is particularly distinc- tive, as is also the varied and elaborate shapes of some of the intergeni- cula. Corallina vancouveriensis Yendo Plate 28, fig. 2 Yendo, 1902, p. 719, pl. 54, fig. 3, pl. 55, figs. 1-2, pl. 56, figs. 16- 17; Taylor, 1945, p. 201. Corallina aculeata Yendo, 1902, p. 720, pl. 55, fig. 3, pl. 56, figs. 18-19. Corallina officinalis f. aculeata (Yendo) Setchell & Gardner, 1903, p. 367. Corallina officinalis f. multiramosa Setchell & Gardner, 1903, p. 366. Corallina gracilis f. densa Collins, in Collins, Holden & Setchell, Phyc. Bor. Amer. no. 650; Collins, 1906, p. 112; Smith, 1944, p. 230, pl. 50, figs. 3-5; Dawson 1945b, p. 60, 65. Corallina densa (Collins) Doty, 1947, p. 167. Corallina gracilis var. lycopodioides Taylor, 1945, p. 200, pl. 63. No. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 127 Thalli saxicolous, 3-10 (15) cm. high, consisting of several to many axes from a crustose basal stratum, the erect parts densely congested, loosely tufted, or elongated, loose and limp; lower intergenicula of axes subcylindrical, usually about .75 mm. broad and to 1 mm. long; upper axial intergenicula compressed, cuneate, mostly 1 mm. in greatest dia- meter; branching pinnate-opposite, distichous to verticillate, the pinnae simple, lobed or segmented and in turn pinnate or digitate, reduced to about half the diameter of the main axial intergenicula, or sometimes reduced much more, to 1/10 that diameter; lateral branchlets indeter- minate, divergent and confused, or more or less uniformly determinate and appressed; conceptacles terminal, appearing pedicellate on slender ultimate pinnae, ovoid, entirely or mainly non-antenniferous. Type: Holotype not designated. Syntypes of Yendo’s collection, if extant, probably to be found in the Botanical Institute of the University of Tokyo, Japan. Type LocaLity: Port Renfrew, British Columbia, Canada. DIsTRIBUTION: Variants of this polymorphic species are widely distributed along the North American coast from southern British Columbia to southern Baja California. They often are extremely abund- ant and dominant as intertidal rock-cover inhabitants and, especially in the southern half of the range, as the principal element of the intertidal turf in which case they are usually markedly dwarfed. Well-developed plants usually are to be found in tide pools, although sometimes nearly . pure stands of var. lycopodioides may be found on exposed surf-beaten rocks. | In some heavily reproductive collections, as those from Cardif, Cali- fornia, the conceptacles may be in part rather conspicuously antenni- ferous. Even in these cases, however, the non-antenniferous character is dominant, and although the aspect may resemble that of Corallina gracilis quite closely, the plants are somewhat coarser in all respects. The nomenclature of this eastern Pacific species has been badly con- fused. For the most part, the plants which are recognized here have more recently been known as Corallina gracilis var. densa Collins. The type of that plant, however, Phyc. Bor. Amer. no. 650, has non-antennifer- ous conceptacles, and thus, following Manza, 1940, does not belong with C. gracilis in the subgenus Cornicularia. The earliest name for a Pacific American non-antenniferous Corallina, and the one under which we may recognize the present species, is Corallina vancouveriensis Yendo. A comparison of Yendo’s illustration and of specimens from the Puget Sound area with series of plants from California and Baja Cali- 128 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 fornia seems to show that we are dealing with a very widespread species, and one which exhibits much variation in branching and habit in re- sponse to different ecological conditions. The extreme variability in size, branching and shape of the inter- genicula due to the wide tolerance of this species to great amplitudes of temperature, salinity, gas-availability, exposure and agitation make it difficult to give any single set of characteristics by which the species in its many variations may be identified. Several names applicable to these variants appear in the literature, however, and it seems desirable to use some of them in an effort to separate, however artificially, some major aspects of the variability. Four groups of variants may be recognized under such varietal names. Corallina vancouveriensis var. vancouveriensis The variety which includes the type of the species is one in which the tendency to verticillate branching is at a minimum, the lateral pinnae usually long and simple, and the conceptacles long-pedicellate. Plants agreeing closely with the type illustration of this variety do not seem to occur in Mexico. Corallina vancouveriensis var. densa Yendo Yendo, 1902, p. 719, pl. 55, fig. 1, pl. 56, fig. 17. This variant is marked by denser, more compact form, mainly by a moderate development of the verticillate tendency of the branching and by a relative shortening of the segments. The lateral pinnae are mostly simple. Such plants appear to take the place of the southern var. /yco- podioides in the northern part of the range of this species. Corallina vancouveriensis var. aculeata (Yendo) comb. nov. Corallina aculeata Yendo, 1902, p. 720, pl. 55, fig. 3, pl. 56, figs. 18-19. Setchell and Gardner first recognized this as a variant of Yendo’s C. vancouveriensis but under a different combination. According to Yendo’s illustration, specimens placed here are those in which the branching is confused, more or less verticillate, sometimes markedly so, and particularly in which the pinnules tend to be pinnate or digitate into several segments and (or) at least in part irregularly shaped, lobed or digitate. Such plants occur occasionally within the range of var. lycopodioides. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 129 Corallina vancouveriensis var. lycopodioides (Taylor) comb. nov. Corallina gracilis var. lycopodioides Taylor, 1945, p. 200, pl. 65. In this variant the dissection of the lateral branchlets into successive- ly finer pinnae is outstanding as well as the usually prominent develop- ment of the verticillate branching. The densely appressed segments are much reduced in diameter, sometimes to only 1/10 the diameter of the main axis. The general form is lax, the main axes being very prominent, percurrent, relatively few in number, and usually more or less denuded in lower parts. Plants of this variety seem to be confined to the southern part of the range of the species, being known only from collections from southern California and Baja California. They are often to be found in the most exposed situations subject to heavy surf, often forming dense stands on mussels. Collins’ Corallina gracilis var. densa represents a plant somewhat intermediate between Yendo’s type of C. vancouveriensis var. densa and Taylor’s C. gracilis var. lycopodioides, but is more like the latter. Since Collins’ name cannot stand in combination under C. vancouveriensis, and since it seems unwarranted to provide it with a new name because of its similarity to C. vancouveriensis var. lycopodioides, it may best be recognized simply as a synonym essentially equivalent with the latter. Corallina gracilis Lamouroux Plate 25, fig. 3 Lamouroux, 1816, p. 288, pl. 10, figs. la-b; Taylor, 1945, p. 200. Thalli saxicolous, rarely epiphytic, 4-10 cm. high, loosely bushy, consisting of several erect axes from the basal stratum, usually progres- sively more densely branched toward upper parts; branching more or less strictly distichous, opposite-plumose-pinnate; intergenicula of main axes subcylindric below, compressed and more or less cuneate above, 550- 750 p» long, 350-450 m in diameter; main axes several times apparently trichotomously branched, the branches in turn with irregularly pinnate, indeterminate branches; ultimate, indeterminate pinnules simple or forked, of one to several segments, subulate, 75-130 » in diameter ; tetra- sporangial conceptacles terminal, appearing long-pedicellate on ultimate pinnules, ovoid, antenniferous, 300-400 (450) uw in diameter; sexual plants not observed in the Mexican material. Type: Holotype not designated, but represented by a specimen without date or locality in the Lamouroux Herbarium, Institut Botani- que, Université de Caen, France. Isotype fragments are on sheet 55423 in HAHF. 130 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vouol/ TYPE LOCALITY: Australasia. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif.—D. 5190, just north of Bahia de Todos Santos, Sept.; Hubbs, Feb. 6, 1951, south side of Bahia de Todos Santos; D. 1385 (Apr.), D. 2851 (Oct.), Millers Landing; D. 10402, Punta San Eugenio, Nov.; D. 6582, Bahia Tor- tuga, Mar.; Taylor 34-645a, Mar.; D. 9849, Apr., Isla Cedros; D. 9114, Islas San Benito, Apr.; D. 9942, D. 10320, 10 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Apr., Nov. This species was first reported on the Pacific Coast from La Jolla, California (Phyc. Bor. Amer. no. 399), and is a common intertidal and upper-sublittoral plant in southern California. Specimens are at hand from as far north as Santa Cruz Island. In Baja California it seems to avoid areas of intense upwelling and to be confined to the ‘warm spots” between. The Mexican plants are in good agreement with fragments of La- mouroux’ type kindly sent by the conservateur of the herbarium, Uni- versité de Caen. They agree also with specimens from South Africa identified by Manza as Corallina gracilis. Corallina gracilis var. verticillata var. nov. Plate 25, fig. 1 Corallina subulata Solander, as interpreted by Setchell & Gardner, 1930, p. 179. Ad formam typicam speciei, at caulibus principalibus plerumque crassioribus, ad 600 » diametro, ramificatione laterali plus minusve prominenter verticillata; ramulis lateralibus caulem principalem spissius tegentibus, tenuibus, attenuatis ad 70 yw diametro, saepissime bis usque etiam ter dichotome ramificatis. Like the species in size, habit, color, structure and primary branch- ing, but the main axes usually somewhat coarser, to 600 » diam., and the lateral branching more or less prominently, though irregularly, verticil- late; lateral branchlets mostly 4-5 cm. long, rather densely clothing the main axes, very slender, attenuated, to about 70 p» diam., but seldom ex- ceeding 200 » diam. at the point of origin from the main axis, 2-3 (5) times dichotomously, or partially irregularly pinnate-oppositely or alter- nately branched ; conceptacles long-antenniferous. Type: Holotype is Dawson 8173, Dec. 17, 1949, on sheet 54923 in HAHF. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: On intertidal rocks, Isla Guadalupe, Baja Cali- fornia, Mexico. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 131 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Hubbs 46-153, Isla Guadalupe, Dec.; Hubbs 46-201, Isla Guadalupe, Aug. A near approach to the Guadalupe Island specimens is found in two collections from Santa Catalina Island, California (D. 5706 and D. 5494) in which the attenuation of the lateral branchlets is the same, but the verticillate branching not so prominent. The Brandegee specimen from Isla Guadalupe, referred with doubt by Setchell and Gardner to Corallina subulata, seems to be an unusual epiphytic example of this plant, in all respects like the ordinary saxi- colous ones from the same locality. It does not compare at all favorably with specimens of undoubted C. subulata collected and determined by Bé¢rgesen from near Kingston, Jamaica. Corallina polysticha sp. nov. Plate 9, fig. 6; Plate 29, fig. 2 Thallis 3-5 cm. altis, dense rosulatis; caulibus erectis ad 1 mm. dia- metro ad basim, supra gradatim reductis, plerumque sine ramis pri- mariis; intergeniculis subcylindricis usque etiam truncatoconicis, termino maiore distali, ad genicula constricto; ramis secundariis determinatis brevibus, subulatis, plerumque simplicibus, polystichis vel verticillatis ; conceptaculis fere haud antenniferis. Thalli saxicolous, to 3.5 cm. high, densely tufted, consisting of many erect, rather stiff axes from the basal crustose stratum; erect axes to 1. mm. in diameter at the base, gradually reduced above, unbranched, or with a few primary branches above; intergenicula subcylindrical below, above truncate-conical or slightly compressed, the large end distal, most- ly less than 1 mm. long, constricted at the genicula; secondary deter- minate branches polystichous or verticillate (in some parts distichous), 1 to 10 from the thick, distal end of each intergeniculum, short, simple, straight, subulate, 150-200 p» in diameter, of 1 to 3 segments, or once (rarely twice) pinnate or forked, standing stiffly at an angle of about 45°; conceptacles ovoid, about 500 p» in diameter, terminal on the short, lateral branchlets and appearing pedicellate, or sub-sessile and replacing such a branchlet, usually non-antenniferous. Type: Holotype is Dawson 8534, Dec. 20, 1949, on sheet 54947 in HAHF. Type LOcALITy: Intertidal rocky shore, 2.5 miles north of South Bluff, Isla Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico. 132 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17, ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: California—D. 5497, 5456, Cherry Cove, Santa Catalina Island, Oct.; D. 5711, Catalina Harbor, Santa Catalina Island, Dec. Pacific Baja Calif—D. 8902, upper littoral tide pools (above Pelvetia zone) Punta Baja, Jan.; D. 8394, south tip of Isla Guadalupe, Dec.; D. 10035, 10485, 11-17 miles west of Punta Malar- rimo, Bahia Vizcaino, April, Oct. These plants are easily distinguished by their dense, tufted habit and the polystichous or whorled, short, often spine-like branchlets. They appear to be favored by warm water conditions. The single collection from an upwelling area (Punta Baja) came from upper tide pools sub- ject to warming by insolation. The corniculate character of the conceptacles appears to be variable in this species. In the type, the conceptacles are almost all non-anten- niferous, whereas one of the Santa Catalina Island collections shows a small majority of antenniferous conceptacles. Corallina officinalis var. chilensis (Harvey) Kiitzing Plate: 28, fig: 1 Kiitzing, 1845-71, vol. 8, p. 32, pl. 66, fig. 1; Yendo, 1902, p. 718, pl. 54, fig. 1, pl. 56, fig. 15. Corallina chilensis Decaisne ex Harvey, 1847, p. 103; Smith, 1944, p. 230, pl. 51, fig. 4; Taylor, 1945, p. 200, pl. 62; Dawson 1945b, p. 65; Doty, 1947, p. 167. Corallina officinalis f. robusta Setchell & Gardner, 1903, p. 365. Thalli saxicolous, 5-13 cm. high, consisting of several erect, loosely branched axes from the basal crustose stratum; branching normally strictly distichous, opposite-pinnate, of 1-3 orders, densest in upper parts, the lower portions of main axes usually nude from erosive falling away of older pinnules and branchlets; intergenicula cylindrical at the base, compressed to flattened above and cuneate, those of ultimate branchlets tending to have acute upper margins, mostly 1.5-1.7 mm. long and 1.1- 1.3 mm. broad (at broader distal end) throughout main axes, narrower but about the same length or a little shorter in branches of higher order; ultimate pinnules lanceolate to linear lanceolate, acute; conceptacles ovoid, 500-600 » in diameter, non-antenniferous, terminal on ultimate pinnules and appearing pedicellate, sometimes, if bearing segment is quite flat, with a wing-margin around the conceptacle. Type: Holotype is Darwin 2151 in the Harvey Herbarium, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. TYPE LOCALITY: Valparaiso, Chile. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 133 DistRIBUTION: ‘This plant is of very wide distribution on the Pacific Coast from British Columbia to Baja California. In the Mexi- can collections it has been found at virtually every intertidal station along Pacific Baja California to as far south as Isla Magdalena. Un- like Corallina gracilis it tends to occur more abundantly and to grow more luxuriantly in areas of cooler rather than warmer waters along this coast. A comparison of our common Pacific Coast plant with South Ameri- can specimens and with examples of Corallina officinalis from various parts of the world, has seemed to the writer to show such general con- formity throughout all the collections as hardly to warrant recognizing the Pacific American form as a distinct species. From the classical C. officinalis L. of the North Atlantic, our plants differ only in a general tendency to compound rather than simple pinnate branching and to more pronounced, acute, upper intergenicular margins. Some variants among our specimens are in fact quite indistinguishable from the typical form of the species. Our specimens are coarser and less densely branched than either Corallina vancouveriensis or C. gracilis. Lithothrix aspergillum J. E. Gray J. E. Gray, 1867, p. 33, figs. a-b; Manza, 1940, p. 296, pl. 10; Smith, 1944, p. 231, pl. 53, fig. 3; Taylor, 1945, p. 184; Dawson, 1945b, p. 65. . Thalli 3-10 cm. high, saxicolous, caespitose, tufted or bushy, consis- ting of numerous erect branches from a basal horizontal stratum; erect parts cylindrical or compressed above, abundantly branched, the primary branching dichotomous, the secondary and subsequent orders in part subpinnate, opposite or irregular and in part polystichous; main axes mostly 0.6-0.9 mm. in diameter, the ultimate branches 300-400 y in dia- meter; intergenicula mostly shorter than broad, shaped so as to produce slight constrictions over the genicula which are completely hidden; geni- cula unizonal, very short, of cells only 12-15 yw long; intergenicular medulla unizonal, of linear, straight cells; cortical cells subspherical, arranged in longitudinal rows; tetrasporangial conceptacles hemispheri- cal, 350-450 » in diameter, projecting irregularly from the surface of the intergenicula, with a single ostiole; tetrasporangia elongated, 80- 120 » long; sexual plants unknown. 134 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Type: Holotype is represented by Gray’s original specimen in the Herbarium of the British Museum of Natural History, London. Type LOCALITY: Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—Widespread and variable in size and branching along the whole coast from Punta Des- canso at least to Isla Magdalena. In the northern part of the range it favors protected and rather well-insolated tide pools. On Isla Guadalupe it occurs as a small slender form with relatively sparse, long, flexuous branches. In a specimen from Punta Baja (Dawson 1212) the tetrasporangia were observed to be only once divided to produce bispores. Key TO THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF AMPHIROA 1. Segments ( as seen from below) with a more or less distinct, thick midrib, at least inpart = =|. ...| .) A. folsacea 1. Segments normally without an externally bai Aas mid- TAD Whee eh phe 2 2. Upper eeeaete eect Siniicl or neal so tae occasionally with some strongly compressed parts) . . 3 2. Upper segments mostly distinctly complanate . . . 6 2. Upper segments mostly compressed, but sometimes in part nearlyicylindricali cs) 1s la Ousted YVR, AN Ma pea Meee emia ie 3. Genicula unizonal; annulations prominent; segments mostly 200-300 pin diameter . . . . A. annulata and var. 3. Genicula multizonal; annulations not prominent; segments 250-1300 w in diameter . . eae ec? 4. Segments 250-450 p» in diameter, Gronkes arelin constric- tions at the genicula. . 9 f° 3 «| « = "devtaylora 4. Segments mostly 350-1300 in diameter, generally straight, smooth, without conspicuous constrictions at the genicula, or these only between coarsest segments . . 59 5. Segments mostly 1000-1300 » in diameter; genicula more or less prominent... > 3 « As subcylindrica 5. Segments 350-550 pu in aienetee: genicula obscure, usually not visible from the surface . . . A. drouetii (in part) 6. Upper segments (2-) 3-4 mm. wide, more or less dor- SIVENCEAL (oe) Vol va si et) al os Adimorpna 6. Upper segments 1,5-2.5 mm. eae not recognizably dor- Sivenéral 0 eek RS Se eas (a hee Te ee NO. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 135 7. Segments 1.5-2.0 mm. wide, 2.5-4 mm. long é lad Sy i et NC Ey eer ‘ A. brevianceps 7. Segments 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, 5-15 mm. long Ay?) ae : A. magdalenensis 8. Genicala aang readily visible from the surface . . 9 8. Genicula obscure, mostly not visible from the surface : ya A. drouetii (in part) 9. Caemients indica to compressed, 1.5-4 times as long as wide, not commonly forked . . . «. A. mexicana 9. Segments compressed to flattened, more than 4 times as long as broad (at least the simple segments), frequently forked . 10 10. Plants erect; segments 0.7-1.2 mm. in diameter; mostly overiOidiametersslone) <1 0) 4) 2 A zonata 10. Plants erect or decumbent; segments mostly less than 0.6 mm. broad (except at expanded points of forking), less than 8 diameters long . . . ap eet te nana |! 11. Compressed or flattened throughout ; pace seaments much expanded distally; apices more or less expanded, rounded EG ; A. crosslandii Ei: Upeerrest ae Bianca or nearly so; forked segments not particularly expanded; apices truncate or blunt ‘ A. franciscana and var. Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux Lamouroux, 1824, p. 628, pl. 93, figs. 2-3; Taylor, 1945, p. 192, pl. 56; Weber van Bosse, 1904, p. 92, pl. 14, fig. 1-11. Thalli saxicolous, about 2 cm. high or less, consisting of several sub- erect or partially decumbent branched parts from a small, crustose stratum; branching irregularly dichotomous to trichotomous, more or less in one plane, the angles rather narrow or widely divaricate; seg- ments dimorphic, compressed to flattened, simple or irregularly once or twice forked, narrow, 1 mm. or less broad, 2-5 times as long as wide, with inconspicuous, narrow, thin, wing-like margins, or to 3 mm. broad and the wings expanded with undulate margins and the thick midrib emphasized, especially on the under side; terminal segments blunt, similar to the lower ones, or variously irregularly reduced or narrowed ; genicula prominent, not occurring regularly at the forkings, consisting of a cortical layer and a multizonal medulla of 2-4 tiers of long cells, about as broad as the intergenicular medulla; intergenicular medulla 136 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 showing an alternation of usually 3-4 tiers of long cells with 1 tier of short cells; conceptacles low, half-immersed, not very prominent, 240- 440 uw in diameter. Type: Holotype is a specimen without date or locality in the Lam- ouroux Herbarium, Institut Botanique, Université de Caen, France. Isotype fragments are on sheet 55422 in HAHF. Type LocaLity: Marianas Islands, Micronesia, (saxicolous). MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 9943, 10484, 10-17 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Bahia Vizcaino, Apr., Oct. Nayarit—Taylor 39-641, dredged off Isla Maria Magdalena, May. Although markedly polymorphic in different clumps, and even within a single plant, well-developed examples are readily recognized by their broad lower segments with distinct, coarse midrib. The midrib is usu- ally best seen from below. Amphiroa annulata Lemoine Plate 29, fig. 3 Lemoine, 1929, p. 78, fig. 34, pl. 4, fig. 1. Thalli tufted, to 17 mm. high, growing on rocks, shells or nulli- pores, consisting of many erect, branched axes from an inconspicu- ous crustose stratum; branching erect, irregularly multifarious, with narrow angles, primarily dichotomous but with frequent secondary, accessory pinnate branches; segments cylindrical, simple, or more com- monly forked, somewhat compressed at the forks (200) 250-300 (400) p. in diameter, usually more slender at the base than in mid-parts, 1-2.5 mm. long, prominently annulate throughout, the successive annulations coincident with slight constrictions, apices truncate; genicula incon- spicuous, often scarcely evident without decalcifying, unizonal, rarely coincident with forking; cortex very thin, usually of 1-2 layers of small cells, without secondary growth; medulla with alternation of zones of 3-5 tiers of long cells with one tier of short cells; tetrasporangial con- ceptacles prominent, hemispherical, 250-300 (350) in diameter, scat- tered on all sides of the segments ; sexual plants not seen. Type: Holotype is a specimen obtained by the St. George Expedi- tion, in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Iso- type preparations are on slides 1460 and 1461 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: James Bay, James Island, Galapagos Archipelago. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 9951, 10 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Bahia Vizcaino, Apr.; D. 10438, 17 miles No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 137 west of Punta Malarrimo, Oct.; Williams, 4/30/46, Laguna Ojos Liebre (Scammon) Apr.; Johnson & Allanson, 2/11/50, Laguna de San Ignacio, Feb.; D. 6634 Bahia Magdalena, Mar.; D. 640-40, San Jose del Cabo, Feb. Gulf of Calif—bD. 519, Ensenada Bocochibampo, Feb. Nayarit—D. 3702, Mira Mar, Dec. Guerrero—D. 3908, Aca- pulco, Feb.; Hubbs 46-239, Puerto Marqués, Sept. Nothing was indicated in the original description of the habit of the whole plant, although the form, branching and internal structure were well described and illustrated. Through the kindness of Dr. Pierre Bourelly of the Museum of Paris, I was able to obtain two small frag- ments of the scant type material. These agree in all details with the Mexican specimens cited here, all of which are from intertidal habitats. The distinctive features of this plant are the tufted, erect habit, the secondary pinnate branching, the slender, cylindrical, prominently an- nulate segments with thin cortex, the unizonal genicula, and the strongly projecting, superficial, hemispherical conceptacles. Amphiroa annulata var. pinnata var. nov. Ad formam typicam speciei, at ramificatione dichotoma paene om- nino suppressa; caulibus multis erectis percurrentibus, disperse, second- arie, pinnate, multifarie ramificatis. Like the species, but the dichotomous branching almost entirely sup- pressed, the numerous erect axes percurrent, sparsely secondarily, pin- nately, multifariously branched. Type: Holotype is Dawson 3374, Nov. 9, 1946, in vial 2236 in HAHF. Type ocaLity: Intertidal pools, Cabeza Ballena, Baja Cali- fornia, Mexico. ‘ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 6834, Cabeza Ballena, Baja Calif., Mar.; D. 3258, Punta Palmilla, Baja Calif., Nov. The three collections cited seem to have so much in common with Amphiroa annulata, despite their distinctive branching, that they may best be recognized only as variants of that species. They closely resemble both the habit and internal structure of Amphiroa valonioides Yendo (1902, pl. 4, fig. 1) but the branching appears to differ, the segments to be shorter, and the annulations indistinct. Material for direct com- parison with this latter plant is not available at this time. No examples are present in Herb. Yendo, Tokyo University. 138 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Amphiroa taylorii sp. nov. Plate 26, fig. 1 Amphiroa annulata Lemoine, as interpreted by Taylor, 1945, p. 188, with regard to Socorro Island material only. Thallis laxe rosulatis vel intertextis, ad 1.3 cm. altis, ubique cy- lindricis, at diametri irregularis (250-450 ) in partibus diversis, infra irregulariter multifarie pinnateve ramificatis, supra haud ramificatis vel exigue dichotomis, ramis in partes diversas curvatis, paulo attenuatis; segmentis variis longitudine, 2-15 (plerumque 6) diametris longis, maius calcificatis, ad genicula constrictis; cortice intergeniculari crassa. Thalli loosely tufted or matted, growing on crustose corallines with other small, mat-forming algae, to 1.3 cm. high, consisting of many erect, sparsely branched axes from a spreading, crustose stratum; erect axes 250-450 » in diameter, strictly cylindrical but of irregular diameter in various parts, unbranched above or occasionally dichotomously branched, frequently irregularly, multifariously, or pinnately branched below, the branches mostly not straight, but curved in various directions, generally somewhat attenuated but terminally blunt or truncate; segments of vari- able length, 2-15 diameters long, mostly more than 6 diameters long, usually rather heavily calcified, with annulations inconspicuous except in young parts, prominently constricted at the genicula which are about half as broad as the intergenicula or less; genicula usually of two cell tiers; intergenicular cortex rather thick except in very young parts, of 6-8 or more layers of small cells, becoming very thick in age by secondary growth; fertile branches appearing variously swollen and distorted from the irregular bulges caused by the immersed conceptacles and from un- even secondary growth of the cortex, the ostiole inconspicuous and close- ed early by the heavy calcification; tetrasporangial conceptacles im- mersed, causing prominent bulges on the surface, 200-250 pu in diameter, about 150 » high; antheridial conceptacles more or less completely im- mersed, causing only slight surface prominence, about 175 » broad, 100 p high, the cavity much flattened ; carposporic plants not seen. Type: Holotype is Taylor 34-27, Jan. 2, 1934, in box 3633 and on slides 1462-1463 in HAHF. TYPE LocaLity: On littoral rocks, Bahia Braithwaite, Isla So- corro. Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Dawson 3383 (Nov.), D. 6833 (Mar.), Cabeza Ballena, Baja Calif.; Taylor 39-666, dredged from 5-9 meters, Isla Maria Magdalena, Nayarit, May. No. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 139 The strictly cylindrical, crooked, tumorous branches with thick cortex and constictions at the genicula are distinctive of this species. Ampbhiroa subcylindrica sp. nov. Plate 29, fig. 1 Amphiroa rigida Lamx., as interpreted by Dawson, 1944, p. 276. Thallis crasse rosulatis, 6-8 cm. altis, ramificatione irregulariter dichotoma, plus minusve multifaria; segmentis magnopere calcificatis, teretibus, cylindricis vel subcylindricis, plerumque 1.0-1.3 mm. (vel ad 2 mm.) diametro, simplicibus vel furcatis; geniculis crassis at saepe plus minusve calcificatione magna tectis; cortice intergeniculari crassa; con- ceptaculis in segmentis vetustis alte infixis et in gradibus compluribus continuis. Thalli saxicolous, erect, coarsely tufted, 6-8 cm. high, consisting of a few abundantly branched primary branches from the crustose stratum ; branching irregularly dichotomous, more or less multifarious, at inter- vals of 1-2 segments; segments heavily calcified, smooth, cylindrical or subcylindrical, occasionally compressed or even flattened, mostly 1.0-1.3 mm. in diameter but often up to 2 mm. thick in some lower parts, the coarsest ones showing constrictions at the genicula, simple or forked, with the genicula well above the forks, 4-12 mm. long (mostly 6-10) ; apices truncate; genicula prominent internally, but often more or less concealed by the heavy calcification, sometimes externally prominent, - multizonal, of 3-5 or more tiers of cells, usually including a tier of short cells distally, the cells without oblique end-walls; intergenicula in tran- section characteristically showing a thick cortex of 10 or more layers of very small cells, this cortex undergoing secondary growth and becoming very thick in old parts, the medulla of alternating tiers of long and short cells, but the arrangement variable, commonly 3-5 rows of long cells alternating with a row of short cells; tetrasporangial conceptacles scattered around branches, embedded or sometimes causing a slight eleva- tion of the surface, in old segments occurring deeply embedded in several successive layers indicative of past reproductive seasons, 200-250 (300) » in diameter, strongly dorsiventrally compressed, the single pore usually calcified over and not visible from the surface; tetrasporangia borne among prominent, coarse paraphyses, obscurely divided; sexual plants not observed. Type: Holotype is Dawson 555, Feb. 13, 1946, on sheet 4277 in HAHF. 140 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 TYPE LOCALITY: Rocky shore at Punta Colorado, near Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Gulf of Calif—D. 395-40, Bahia Te- poca, Feb.; D. 460a-40, Isla Esteban, Feb.; D. 1693, Bahia Carrizal, near Guaymas, May; D. 979, Bahia Agua Dulce, Isla Tiburén, Feb.; D. 7139a, Bahia Agua Verde, Mar.; D. 3114, 5 km. north of Cabo Pulmo, Nov.; D. 3179, between Eureka and Riberia, Nov.; D. 3219, Punta Palmilla, Nov.; D. 3382, Cabeza Ballena, Nov. Jalisco—D. 3755, Barra de Navidad, Dec. (juvenile material). This species shows in habit, gross morphology and in internal struc- ture considerable resemblance to Amphiroa zonata with which it may often be found growing in the Gulf of California where the ranges of the two plants overlap. Although it may not always be possible to dis- tinguish young plants or terminal fragments of 4. subcylindrica from A. zonata, sufficient distinctive characters of mature, whole plants can be pointed out to make reliable determinations. In the first place, 4. subcylindrica is a plant of the southern Gulf of California and probably also of the mainland coast to the south. It does not appear in collections from Pacific Baja California. It is generally coarse and more nearly cylindrical in most parts than 4. zonata. It is more heavily calcified and the intergenicular cortex is usually so thick, even in young segments, that the clear, zonal markings found in 4. zonata are indistinct or absent. Structurally the most striking differences are to be found in old segments where the repeated secondary growth of the cortex makes it very thick and in which repeated crops of conceptacles are arranged tier on tier. The conceptacles, being rather well embedded and their ostioles commonly calcified over, are inconspicuous from the surface. The more critical examination of the now ample Gulf of California material shows that this species differs from Amphiroa rigida, as under- stood both by Weber van Bosse and by Bérgesen, in its usually more robust habit, less fragile nature and in the structure of the genicula. Amphiroa drouetii sp. nov. Plate 27, figs. 5-6 Amphiroa pusilla Yendo, as interpreted by Dawson, 1944, p. 276 in part. Thallis fasces compactos, pulvinatos ad 2.5 cm. altos, 5 cm. latos edentibus; ramificatione dichotoma, plus minusve decussata; ramis cylin- dricis usque etiam compressis, 350-550 » diametro, rigidis, plane haud segmentatis; geniculis calcificatione maxime tectis, late separatis; inter- geniculis semel, bis, terve furcatis. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 141 Thalli saxicolous, densely tufted, forming compact, pulvinate clumps to 2.5 cm. high and 5 cm. broad; branching dichotomous and more or less decussate, the intervals mostly 2-3 mm.; branches cylindrical to compressed, 350-550 yz in diameter, a little broader at the forks, rigid, apparently unsegmented, with rather faint, zonal bands; apices truncate or blunt; genicula mostly concealed by calcification, widely separated (the intergenicula 1-2 or even 3 times forked), in lower parts frequently evidenced by a crack in the calcification, but such a crack in younger parts readily recalcified, usually of 2-3 tiers of non-calcified, long medul- lary cells surrounded by a layer of normally calcified medullary cells and the cortex; medulla usually showing an alternation of 3-5 tiers of long cells and 1 tier of short cells; cortex thin, of only about 2 layers of small cells; tetrasporic conceptacles borne on branches deep within the clump, semi-superficial, aggregated on all sides of segments, domoid, 200-250 p in diameter; sexual plants not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 717-40, July 18, 1940, in box 3531 and on slide 1502 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: Intertidal on reef at north end of Isla Turner, off Isla Tiburon, Sonora, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Drouet & Richards 3329, intertidal pools in the cove north of Cabo Arco, near Guaymas, Sonora, Dec. 19, 1939. This peculiar species is outstanding because of the obscurity of the genicula which are entirely hidden within a calcified layer both of corti- . cal and of medullary cells. The densely compacted clumps and the near- ly cylindrical segments make it readily recognizable although it resembles somewhat in gross appearance some of the smaller, more densely tufted forms of Amphiroa zonata. Amphiroa dimorpha Lemoine Lemoine, 1929, p. 76, pl. 3, fig. 3-4, pl. 4, fig. 6, text fig. 33; Taylor. 1945, p. 192, pl. 55. Amphiroa pusilla Yendo, as interpreted by Dawson, 1944, p. 276 in part. Thalli forming low, coarse, semi-rosette groups on nullipores or corals, to 2 cm. or more high or broad, suberect or commonly the branches becoming repent and more or less appressed to the substratum, consisting of several closely spaced, coarse, very short, subcylindrical or compressed basal segments from the crustose stratum, very irregularly dichotomously branched to give rise to successively more flattened and expanded upper segments ; upper segments commonly extremely irregular in size and shape, simple or commonly forked or lobed, to 3-4 mm. wide 142 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 at least in part, and 3-7 mm. long, rather thick in the middle and thin at the irregular, somewhat undulate or lobed margins, but without a dis- tinct midrib; calcification heavy; genicula prominent, less than half as broad as the broader segments, consisting of 5-6 tiers (to 11 at the edges) of medullary cells and an outer tissue of cortical cells; broader segments tending to be dorsiventral and to have the concave surface directed toward the substrate; intergenicula showing a multizonal me- dulla of 2-3 (4) tiers of long cells alternating with one tier of short cells, the cortex thick, of many layers of very small cells, capable of thickening by secondary growth; tetrasporangial conceptacles abundant, comparatively small, the cavity about 200 » in diameter, superficial, resembling small, congested blisters, or older ones partially or wholly embedded, tending to be confined to the concave under surface of the broader segments, the fertile cortex capable of producing conceptacles in successive annual tiers ; sexual plants not seen. Type: Holotype is a specimen of the St. George Expedition of 1923-24 in the herbarium of the Museum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris. An isotype fragment is on sheet 54099 in HAHF. TypE LocaLity: Post Office Bay, Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif. D. 7088, Punta Frailes, Mar.; Drouet & Richards 3387, 3389, Guaymas, Dec. Sinaloa—D. 3665, Mazatlan, Dec. (depauperate). Nayarit—D. 3703, Mira Mar., Dec.; Taylor 34-588C, Isla Isabel, Mar. Guerrero—D. 3863, 3854, Acapulco, Feb. (depauperate). Revillagigedo Archip.—Taylor 30, Isla Socorro, Jan. (fragments only) ; Howell 312, (Herb. Cal. Acad. Sci.) Isla Clarion, Mar. The irregular, broad, dorsiventral upper segments lacking a midrib are distinctive in this species. Amphiroa brevianceps sp. nov. Plate 31, fig. 2 Thallis fasces rotundatos 2.0-3.5 cm. altos edentibus; ramificatione regularius denseque dichotoma, plus minusve in una planitie; segmentis superioribus 1.5-2 mm. latis, 2.5-4 mm. longis, marginibus tenuioribus quam parte media, at sine costa; geniculis valde prominentibus, fuscis, plerumque una cum furcationibus sitis, minus dimidio latis quam parti- bus contiguis calcificatis segmentorum supra infraque, quorum in medio quasi fenestram late ellipticam, haud calcificatam efficientibus. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 143 Thalli saxicolous, forming rounded clumps 2-3.5 cm. high, consisting of a number of branched erect parts from the crustose stratum, not very brittle when dry; branching rather regularly and closely dichotomous, more or less in one plane; lowest segments subcylindrical or compressed, 1.5-2.0 mm. in diameter, scarcely longer than broad, coarse, angular, those above grading quickly into the normally flat, expanded upper seg- ments which are 1.5-2.0 mm. broad and 2.5-4 mm. long (to 3 mm. broad at the distal end initiating a fork), the margins somewhat irregularly undulate and thinner than the middle, but without a midrib; inter- genicular medulla showing an alternation usually of 3 tiers of long cells and 1 tier of short cells; genicula very prominent, dark colored, normally coincident with the forkings, less than half as broad as the contiguous calcified portions of the segments above and below, and between which they form a broadly elliptical, uncalcified “window,” multizonal, of several tiers (up to 10) consisting only of medullary type cells with the same alternation as in the intergenicula; tetrasporic and carposporic conceptacles abundant, scattered over both faces of intergenicula, form- ing rather prominent, blister-like elevations 300-400 p» in diameter, the small ostiole usually clearly evident; antheridial plants not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 3825, Jan. 10, 1947, on sheet 55180, including vial 2259 and slide 1499, in HAHF. Type LOCALITY: On rocky shore just east of Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: ‘Two other rather scant collections seem- ingly of this species appear to indicate a rather wide range for this plant in Mexico; D. 593, near Guaymas, Sonora, Feb.; D. 6895, Punta Frailes, Baja Calif., March. The distinctive characters of this species are the short, broad, flat segments without midrib, the dichotomous-flabellate branches, and the prominent, ‘‘embraced” genicula. In several respects it is similar to Amphiroa anceps of the southwestern Pacific, but as originally described by Lamarck (1815, p. 238) and as illustrated by Weber van Bosse (1904) and by Harvey (1847), the segments of the latter are elongate- ancipitous, mostly 4-5 times as long as broad. Amphiroa magdalenensis sp. nov. Plate 30, fig. 2 Thallis laxe rosulatis, ad 5 cm. altis; segmentis complanatis praeter ad basim; segmentis cylindricis, infimis, brevibus complures ramos feren- tibus; ramificatione superiore exigue dichotoma vel trichotoma in una 144 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 planitie; segmentis superioribus 1.5-2.5 mm. latis, ter usque etiam sex- iens longioribus quam latioribus, simplicibus vel rare furcatis, tenuibus ad margines, sine costa; geniculis conspicuis, plerumque una cum fur- cationibus sitis, ope projecturarum intergenicularum calcificatarum utrimque contentis. Thalli saxicolous, loosely and coarsely tufted, to 5 cm. high, very easily fragmented when dry, consisting of several closely spaced, branched erect parts from a rather thick basal, crustose stratum; erect parts cylindrical at the very base, becoming compressed and flattened above, the lowermost cylindrical segments short, about 1.5 mm. in dia- meter, 1.5-2.5 times as long, bearing several branches; flattened seg- ments above the 2 or 3 lowermost 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, 3 to 6 times as long, simple or rarely forked, thin at the edges, thicker in the middle but without a midrib, without conspicuous zonal banding; branching above sparsely dichotomous or trichotomous in one plane; genicula con- spicuous, usually coincident with the forkings, surrounded on two sides by calcified intergenicular tissues as if by short pincers, these calcified projections often growing slightly to form short knobs at the nodes, struc- turally showing many (often 10 or more) tiers of cells of medullary type with little or no cortical tissue; intergenicular medulla tending to have an alternation of one tier of long cells with 1 tier of short cells, but the short cells often elongating to nearly the length of the long cells and then cutting off a new tier of short cells; cortex thick, of 8 or more anticlinal rows of small cells; tetrasporangial conceptacles scattered over flattened surfaces of segments, usually more abundant on one side than the other, embedded, but causing slight, regular elevations on the sur- face, the cavity about 250 pw in diameter, compressed ; tetrasporangia borne among congested, coarse, paraphyses; sexual plants not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 6688, Mar. 8, 1949, in box 55390 and on slides 1505 and 1506 in HAHF. Type Locauity: Rocky shore at Punta Entrada, Isla Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Baja Calif—The type specimens repre- sent the largest of three collections referable to this species. A small plant with segments only 0.8-1.0 mm. broad, but with the proportions, habit, branching and internal structure of the type is at hand from Isla Guadalupe (D. 8334, Dec.). A form of intermediate size with seg- ments 1.2-1.5 mm. broad and 7-8 mm. long appears in two collections: D. 6831, Cabeza Ballena, Mar., and D. 3224, Punta Palmilla, Nov. NO. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 145 These are representative of the wide range of variation in size which may be encountered in species of Amphiroa and of which one must be well aware in attempting determinations of these perplexing plants. The distinguishing features of this flat species are seen in the abun- dant basal and sparser upper branching, in the long upper segments with- out midrib, and in the prominent, multizonal genicula embraced by calcified projections. Amphiroa mexicana Taylor Taylor, 1945, p. 189, pl. 47; Dawson, 1949, p. 251. Amphiroa peninsularis Taylor, as interpreted by Taylor, 1945, p. 188, as to Guer- rero, Mexico specimens only. Thalli saxicolous, densely tufted, extremely brittle when dry, 3-7 cm. high, consisting of many much-branched erect parts from a rather limited prostrate stratum; branching closely dichotomous, mostly at intervals of 1-3 segments throughout the plant, the segments quite erect, with angles less than 45°; segments cylindrical to compressed, of rather uniform dia- meter throughout, 0.8-1.2 mm. in diameter, or as little as 0.5 mm. at the tips, 1.5-3.2 mm. long, usually 1.5-4 times as long as broad, but of ir- regular length, many segments being scarcely longer than broad ; terminal segments truncate, commonly with faint zonal banding; genicula rather prominent, dark colored, usually coincident with forkings, commonly of 4 cell tiers; intergenicula with a moderately thick cortex of 3-5 layers | of very small cells, increasing to 6-7 layers in age-and the cells elongat- ing anticlinally, with a multizonal medulla showing an alternation of usually 3-5 zones of long cells with 1 zone of short cells; carposporic and tetrasporic conceptacles numerous, evenly distributed around the branches, slightly elevated, about 250 p» in diameter, with a pore about 35 » in diameter flush with the surface; carpospores subspherical, 25-28 p in diameter; tetrasporangia short-clavate, 40-60 » long, borne among paraphyses from the conceptacle floor; antheridial plants not identified. Type: Holotype is Schmitt 120€-33 in box 3648 and on slide 1489 in HAHF. Type LocaLity: Bahia Petatlan, Guerrero, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Guerrero—Taylor 568, Bahia Petatlan, Mar. Oaxaca—D. 3826, Salina Cruz, Jan. Although few collections have as yet been secured of this species, it would appear to be abundant locally along the tropical mainland coast. At Salina Cruz it was the dominant alga on all the granitoid reef rocks 146 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 to the east of the town, but was not found at all on the rocky shore a few miles west on the other side of the town. It is not a tidepool plant, but grows over all surfaces of rocks subject to heavy surf. This species is similar to Amphiroa zonata Yendo in form, branching and in zonal markings of terminal parts. The short intergenicula and more prominent genicula are distinctive, however, and the plant is more fragile when dry. Amphiroa zonata Yendo Yendo, 1902a, p. 10, pl. 1, figs. 11-14, pl. 4, fig. 9; Dawson, 1944, p. 276. Amphiroa peninsularis Taylor, 1945, p. 188, pl. 48, fig. 1; Daw- son, 1949, p. 228; Dawson, 1951, p. 53. Amphiroa pusilla Yendo, as interpreted by Dawson, 1944, p. 276, in part. Amphiroa compressa var. tenuis Taylor, 1945, p. 191, pl. 53, fig. 1. Thalli saxicolous, moderately calcified, erect, loosely or sometimes rather densely tufted, 3-6, or to 10 cm. high, regularly to irregularly dichotomously branched more or less in one plane, or sometimes with a tendency to being decussate; segments smooth, the younger ones with prominent annular markings, cylindrical, or more or less prominently compressed in part or throughout, especially at the forks, of more or less uniform diameter throughout a given plant, 0.7-1.2 mm. in diameter, or sometimes as slender as 0.45-0.6 mm., of irregular length, mostly over 10 diameters long, at least above, and sometimes up to 20 diameters long; apices truncate, in dry specimens usually with a distinct narrow constriction just below the apex; genicula irregularly placed with respect to forkings so that intergenicula may be simple or forked (when forked the limbs often of different lengths), multizonal, usually of 3 cell-tiers in upper parts; intergenicula commonly with a thin cortex of 1-4 layers of very small cells, thicker in age, with a medulla usually showing 3-4 tiers of long cells alternating with a zone of very short cells; tetrasporic conceptacles numerous below, 350-500 p» in diameter, slightly elevated, often producing bispores ; sexual conceptacles not identified. Type: Holotype not designated and no type material found in Yendo’s herbarium in the Botanical Institute, Tokyo University in 1951. Type tocatity: None specifically designated but the Japanese localities of Misaki, Shimoda and Sunosaki indicated. DISTRIBUTION: ‘This species has now proved to be a common one along much of the northern Pacific Mexican coast and extends north into southern California. Along Pacific Baja California and in southern Cali- no. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 147 fornia it usually inhabits areas of maximum intertidal insolation or high tide pools subject to considerable heating. It is notably lacking from all collections within the upwelling areas north of Bahia Vizcaino. In the Gulf of California it is a widespread intertidal species. Along the tropi- cal mainland coast it apparently does not occur although it has been dredged at Islas Tres Marias. Taylor’s Guerrero collection cited in 1945 as A. peninsularis is not this species but is a good topotype specimen of Amphiroa mexicana Taylor. Taylor had already in 1945 attributed a wide eastern Pacific distri- bution to his Amphiroa peninsularis, and this now appears to be justified. He seems to have overlooked, however, the great similarity between these Pacific American plants and Amphiroa zonata Yendo of Japan. This Japanese plant, as represented by Yendo’s figures, shows such close identity with the American specimens in size, external form and branch- ing, and in internal structure that it is best considered conspecific. Por- tions of two collections from Shirahama, Boshu, Japan in the Yendo herbarium have also been examined and show no appreciable differences from California and Mexican specimens. The following list serves to outline the known distribution of this species along the American coasts: California—D. 5714, Santa Catalina Island, Dec.; D. 9598, Corona del Mar, Jan.; Cooper 151, Laguna Beach, Nov.; D. 6039, Cardif, Jan.; D. 318, La Jolla, Jan.; Hubbs 46-123, Point Loma, Nov. Pacific Baja Calif—Hubbs 48-217 (Aug.),. D. 4269, 4247 (June), Hubbs 46-125 (Nov.), Islas Los Coronados ; D. 8367, Isla Guadalupe, Dec.; D. 1463, Punta Santa Rosalia, Apr. ; D. 1386, Millers Landing, Apr.; D. 6555, Mar., D. 9864, April, South Bay, Isla Cedros; D. 10087, 10331, 11 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Apr., Nov.; D. 10401, Punta San Eugenio, Nov.; D. 6584, Bahia Tor- tuga, Mar.; D. 9178, Bahia Asuncién, Apr.; D. 9456, Punta Abreojos, Apr.; D. 6689 (Mar.), D. 9296 (May), Isla Magdalena; D. 6635, Bahia Magdalena, Mar. Gulf of Calif—D. 222-40, Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda, Jan.; Hancock Sta. 724-37, Punta Lobos, Mar.; D. 108-40, Isla Turner, Jan.; D. 7112, Bahia Concepcién, Mar.; 15827 \(Mar:), ©: 72-40; 48-40 (Jan.);, Dz 1752" (Apr), D355); 3578 (Nov.), vicinity of Guaymas; D. 7139, Bahia Agua Verde, Mar.; D. 7054, Isla Carmén, Mar. Nayarit—Taylor 39-642a, Isla Maria Magdalena, May. Ecuador—Taylor 34-483, Bahia San Francisco, Feb. ; Schmitt 12E-33, La Libertad, Jan. Galapagos Archip.—Hancock Sta., 2 miles south of Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, Dec. 148 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Several collections occur, especially from Guaymas, Sonora, in which the branches are longer, more attenuate and more nearly cylindrical than in the usual examples of this plant. In these respects they agree with Taylor’s Nayarit specimen. In connection with the Nayarit specimen just mentioned, some re- marks may be made regarding the identity of Amphiroa compressa var. tenuis Yaylor. This variety was neither illustrated nor adequately de- scribed. The holotype material, Taylor 39-642b, came from the same dredge-haul as specimens identified by Taylor as 4. franciscana, A. di- morpha, A. foliacea, and A. peninsularis and seems best recognized as a variant of the latter (Taylor 39-642a). A paratype from near Manta, Ecuador (Schmitt 403-35) shows considerable similarity to some por- tions of the 4. peninsularis specimen under Taylor 39-642a, and, since A. peninsularis is also known from Ecuador may best be considered a variant of that species, which is synonymous with 4. zonata. In any event there seems insufficient reason either for accepting 4. compressa var tenuis as a distinct entity or for referring it to 4. compressa. Amphiroa crosslandii Lemoine Lemoine, 1929, p. 50, pl. 4, fig. 3, text fig. 13; Taylor, 1945, p. 191. Thalli to 1 cm. high, forming a low spreading tuft consisting of several erect segments from the basal crust, each branching rather dense- ly and irregularly dichotomously or trichotomously in 1 plane, the branches tending to be depressed and to spread horizontally; segments compressed to flattened throughout, simple or forked, 350-500 p in dia- meter, but forked segments or those giving rise to a fork much expanded at the fork or distally, to 1.0-1.2 mm. wide, commonly 1.5-2.0 mm. long, the ultimate segments usually with expanded, rounded apices; zonate bands rather prominent; cortex thin, medulla tending to show an alter- nation of about 3 tiers of long cells with one of short cells; genicula in- conspicuous, more or less concealed by calcification, usually not coinci- dent with forkings, of 3-4 tiers of medullary cells surrounded by a thin, persistent cortical layer; tetrasporic conceptacles numerous, prominent, domoid, scattered over the segments, 250-400 u in diameter. Type: Holotype is a specimen from the St. George Expedition of 1923-24 in the herbarium of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. An isotype preparation is on slide 1500 in HAHF. Type LOCALITY: At a depth of 27 meters off Isla Gorgona, Pacific Panama. No. I DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 149 MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca—Taylor 34-555, Tangola-Tan- gola, Feb. At least three other collections, including material from La Paz, Baja California and from Acapulco, Guerrero, have enough in common with Taylor’s specimen to permit them to be mentioned here. Taylor’s number 30 from Isla Socorro, Revillagigedo Archipelago, referred by him to this species in 1945, is fragmentary and includes por- tions of other species. Taylor 39-56 from the same locality is probably the same and may represent a form of Amphiroa crosslandii, although the terminal segments tend to be narrow and not much compressed. The presumably distinctive features of this small, flattened species appear to be the usually decumbent branches, and the irregularly forked, flattened, usually terminally expanded segments. The limits of the species are, however, not clearly defined and additional material from the type locality will be required for ultimate clarification of its circumscription among the several Pacific American amphiroas. The several varied ex- amples recognized below under 4. franciscana show considerable similarity in size and habit. Amphiroa franciscana Taylor Taylor, 1945, p. 187, pl. 48, fig. 2, pl. 49. Amphiroa fragilissima (L.) Lamx., as interpreted by Setchell & Gardner, 1930, p. 178. Thalli 1.5-2.5 cm. high, forming close clumps on shells or nullipores, from an inconspicuous crustose base, abundantly, irregularly dichotom- ously branched, the branches rather erect, or divaricate and somewhat reflexed; segments mostly compressed or flattened, especially in mid- parts, cylindrical or subcylindrical in uppermost parts, 250-350 (400) pz broad, mostly 1-3 mm. long, sometimes simple, but usually once or some- times twice forked ; apices truncate or blunt; younger segments distinctly annulate; genicula usually consisting of two tiers of long cells and of a cortical tissue which becomes split ; intergenicular medulla usually show- ing 3-4 tiers of long cells alternating with one short tier; cortex thin, of about two layers of small cells apparently with little or no secondary growth; tetrasporangial and carposporangial conceptacles prominent, hemispherical, superficial, and 250 » in diameter, more or less confined to the margins of the flattened segments, or irregularly distributed on all sides. Type: Holotype is Taylor 34-484, Feb. 11, 1934, in box 3616 and on slide 1470 in HAHF. 150 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 Type LOCALITY: Bahia de San Francisco, Esmeraldes, Ecuador. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—Mason 67, Isla Guadalupe, April 19-22, 1925 (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.). Nayarit— Taylor 39-643a, Isla Maria Magdalena, Las Tres Marias, May. Taylor’s original account described two collections of this plant,— the type from Ecuador, and a dredged plant from Nayarit, Mexico. The latter differs from the type in habit, divaricate branching and in the marginal position of the conceptacles. A third collection from Guayas, Ecuador was labeled 4. franciscana but not discussed. It does not agree well with either of the other two and is best referred to 4. annulata. Because of the difference between the Ecuadorean type and the Mexican specimen it seemed at first desirable to recognize the latter as a named variant. However, through the kindness of Mr. J. T. Howell of the California Academy of Sciences, the plant from Isla Guadalupe identi- fied by Setchell and Gardner as A. fragilissima was received for exami- nation. It has proved to be conspecific with the type of 4. franciscana, but shows some expression of the features of divergent branching and lateral conceptacles of the Nayarit collection. ‘The description above, thus, modifies Taylor’s original one and defines a distinctive but un- common small flattened species of apparently wide eastern Pacific dis- tribution. Amphiroa franciscana var. robusta var. nov. Ad forman typicam speciei, at segmentis paulo maioribus totis men- suris, 400-600 p» diametro, ad 3-4 mm. longis. Like the species but the segments somewhat larger in all dimensions, 400-600 p» in diameter and to 3-4 mm. long. Type: Holotype is Dawson 3881, Feb. 3, 1947, in vial 2255 in HAHF. ‘TYPE Locality: Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 4455, Bahia Agua Verde, Baja Calif. Bossea Manza The following account of this genus was done jointly with Dr. Paul C. Silva of the University of California, Berkeley.1 Specimens cited under his numbers are deposited in the herbarium of that institution. 1 Dr. Silva’s present address is Department of Botany, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. no. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 15 Key To THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF BOSSEA 1. Branching entirely, or at least predominately dichotomous . . 2 1. Branching entirely, or at least predominately pinnate . . 2. Plants with coarse, prominent, terete stipes; intergenicula usually conspicuously thick . . . . B. pachyclada 2. Plants without coarse, prominent stipes; ee ee not conspicuously thick . . . : Pepi es: 3. Intergenicula more or less sagittate, ays acute, beanie Aen ing wings; branching more or less strictly dichotomous, often divaricate: 6... «./.. Ses Oh eetne ses UBetor DIgmane 3. Intergenicula not nk ae sagittate, the wings mostly rather broad, rounded ; branching not markedly divaricate, more or less strictly dichotomous or in part pinnate . . . My ap 4. Pinnate branching rare or infrequent below; ere tips usually somewhat attenuated; segments mostly 2.5-3.5 mm. broad hh, 3) eas : See een eet Rangers 4, Pinnate branching Genin below: branch tips commonly somewhat expanded; segments mostly 3.0-4.0 mm. broad Gn ; ; fy eu lel ) eBdichotoma 5; Thali more or ies ie adariely branched above, the ultimate branches usually relatively short . . 6 5. Thalli sparsely branched above, the ereeate ee Bae long, ligulate, more or less fastigiate . . . 8B. ligulata 6. Main axes mostly percurrent; dichotomous branching rare or infrequent; intergenicula sagittate . . B. sagittata 6. Without distinct, percurrent main axes; dichotomous branch- ing frequent . . L a 7. Intergenicula more or less eects ae or ie a Real broader than long... eae woe rCOOpent 7. Intergenicula much broader Hee one wing nut shaped Re MMe ake AK SoG eilik oa fae wim eat SUlars, Bossea pachyclada Taylor Plate 8, fig. 4 Taylor, 1945, p. 194, pl. 58. Bossea angustata Taylor, 1945, p. 193, pl. 59, Dawson 1951, p. 53. Thalli saxicolous, to 10 cm. high, consisting of several to many more or less long-stipitate, dichotomously branched erect parts from a basal crustose stratum; stipes usually 2-4 cm. long, robust, terete below, with 152 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 cylindrical to subcylindrical intergenicula to 2 mm. in diameter and often longer than broad; branching non-percurrent, dichotomous, dis- tichous, occasionally with a few pinnate branches below, sometimes with secondary multifarious, proliferous branches arising from flattened faces of intergenicula, these often reduced in diameter at the base, to less than 1 mm.; intergenicula of branched upper parts usually shorter than broad, flat but thick (600-750 y» in tetrasporic plants, thinner in antheridial plants), 2.5-4.0 mm. wide, 2.0-2.5 mm. long, with well-defined, rounded wings and thickened midrib area; genicula 250-280 p» long; intergeni- cular medulla multizonal, composed of straight or nearly straight fila- ments; tetrasporangial conceptacles irregularly placed on flattened faces of intergenicula, tending to be on the wings, usually 2, sometimes 3-4, 700-900 » in diameter; antheridial conceptacles in irregular aggrega- tions of 3-7 (to 12) mostly in the middle area of flattened intergenicular faces, 550-750 y in diameter, more or less conical; cystocarpic con- ceptacles irregularly placed, tending to be on the wings, 600-700 p in diameter, 4-6, or up to 12. Type: Holotype is Taylor 34-643B, March 10, 1934, on sheet 98, including slide 1417 and box 7012, in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: South Bay, Isla Cedros, Baja California, Mexico. PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTION: California—Silva 2692, Jan., D. 5927, Dec., Willows Anchorage, Santa Cruz Island; Silva 4205, Peli- can Bay, Santa Cruz Island, Jan. Pacific Baja Calif.—Silva 4813, Islas Todos Santos, Feb.; D. 8528, Isla Guadalupe, Dec. (a narrow, thick, little-branched, nearly wingless form); D. 9112a, 9116, Islas San Benito, Apr.; D. 9863, South Bay, Isla Cedros, Apr.; D. 10596, Punta Norte, Isla Cedros, Oct. Bossea angustata Taylor was based on a single specimen from Islas San Benito. The specimen was part of an incidental collection obtained June 4, 1933 by Mr. Fred Ziesenhenne on a brief Hancock Expedition aimed at capturing elephant seals. The illustration of the type is some- what enlarged (X 1.17). The type is provided with numerous long, secondary proliferous branchlets which, in being much reduced in dia- meter at their bases, give the specimen a peculiar appearance unlike typical B. pachyclada. The primary stipe, however, is coarse and terete as in B. pachyclada. Although several collections of Bossea have recently been obtained from Islas San Benito, none correspond exactly with the rather thin, proliferously branched B. angustata whose origin with respect to depth is unknown. Portions of D. 9116, however, show the same production of proliferous branches and of narrower, longer inter- genicula, and suggest strongly that B. angustata represents only a slender, thin, proliferous example of B. pachyclada. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 153 Bossea orbigniana (Decaisne) Manza Manza, 1937A, p. 563; Manza, 1940, p. 304; Smith, 1944, p. 235, pl. 51, fig. 3; Dawson, 1945b, p. 60, 65; Doty, 1947, p. 168. Amphiroa orbigniana Decaisne, 1842, p. 124; Harvey, 1847, p. 100, pl. 38, figs. 1-6. Thalli saxicolous, to 14 cm. high, consisting of several much-branched erect parts from a crustose basal stratum; erect parts dichotomously, more or less divaricately branched in one plane throughout at intervals of 0.6-2.0 cm., or with occasional widely divergent, unbranched, op- posite or alternate pinnate branches; segments cylindrical at the very base, but otherwise strongly compressed or flattened throughout, broader than long, markedly cuneate, sagittate, the acute, swept-back wings giving the branches a serrate appearance, 2-5-3.0 (or to 4.5) mm. wide, usually with a thickened midrib; genicula unizonal, 200-250 » long; intergenicular medulla multizonal, the filaments straight ; tetrasporang- ial conceptacles domoid, about 750 mu in diameter, usually one on either side of the midrib, irregularly aggregated on older intergenicula; car- posporic plants not observed. Type: Holotype not designated. D’Orbigny’s specimen was not found in the Natural History Museum of Paris in 1950. Isotype ma- terial may be in the Harvey Herbarium, Trinity College, Dublin, Ire- land. Type LocaLity: Shores of Patagonia and Chile. Southern Chile.’ Without a study of the type material and of other material from Chile one cannot be certain to what plant this name applies. Although Harvey’s figure shows much resemblance to our Pacific Coast plants referred here, it fails to show several essential details. Furthermore, Harvey’s figure may not have been drawn from d’Orbigny’s specimen, but from one of Darwin’s. Pending the necessary critical review of Amphiroa orbigniana Dec’ne it seems best to recognize the entity de- scribed above under this name. PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTION: Oregon—lIn the vicinity of Cape Mears and Cape Arago, fide Doty, l.c. California—not recorded from northern California; known in the vicinity of Monterey only from the infratidal; Silva 5352, Pismo Beach (covered with hydroids indicating sublittoral) is the only other record north of Point Conception ; common both intertidally and infratidally from the northern Channel Islands to southern California. Pacific Baja Calif—D. 4268, Isla Los Coronados, June (dredged) ; D. 5188, just north of Bahia de Todos Santos, Sept. ; 154 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLES, Silva 4789, Islas Todos Santos; D. 32, Cabo Colnett, Jan.; D. 8690, Punta Baja, Jan.; Howell 56a, Isla San Martin (dredged) ; D. 9112b, Islas San Benito, Apr.; D. 9861, South Bay, Isla Cedros, Apr. Most of the specimens of this plant from infratidal stations are markedly divaricate, slender, and show a modification toward loss of the acute wings and narrowing, thickening and elongation of the inter- genicula. In extreme specimens there is a complete loss of the acute, up- swept wings, the intergenicula remaining subcylindrical or compressed and not much broader at the top than at the bottom. Such examples have been dredged from depths as great as 50 meters. Bossea gardneri Manza Manza 1937a, p. 563; Manza 1940, p. 306, pl. 15; Smith, 1944, p. 235, pl. 52, fig. 2; Doty, 1947, p. 169; Dawson 1949, p. 220, 222. Thalli saxicolous, to 10 cm. high, consisting of a few much-branched erect parts from a crustose basal stratum; erect parts dichotomously branched in one plane, the branching at variable angles in different plants but tending usually to be fastigiate rather than divaricate, with- out pinnate branches, or commonly with pinnate branches rare above and occasional below, and (or) with proliferous branches from faces of inter- genicula; segments compressed to subcylindrical at the very base, but otherwise strongly compressed or flattened throughout; branch tips fre- quently somewhat attenuated; intergenicula broader than long, 2.5-3.5 (to 4.0) mm. broad, prominently winged by a broadly rounded lobe on either side of a prominent, thickened midrib, these wings of successive intergenicula separated only by very narrow or short angles so that branch-margins appear indented but not serrate; intergenicular medulla multizonal, of straight filaments; genicula unizonal, about 200 p» long; tetrasporangial conceptacles domoid, 500-750 p in diameter, (1) 2-4 (5) on the segment-faces, usually on the wings; tetrasporangia zonate, ob- long, 130-175 » long; antheridial conceptacles low-conical, more or less rostrate, 600-750 » in diameter, 3-8 on a segment face, irregularly arranged. Type: Holotype is a collection by Gardner, Dec. 1909, on sheet 545763 in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. An isotype is in HAHF. Type LocALity: Pacific Grove, Monterey County, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 212, 8 km. south of Punta Descanso, Jan.; D. 10282, mouth of Rio San Miguel, No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 155 Aug.; Cooper $10, Punta Santo Tomas, Mar.; D. 5239, Cabo Colnett, Sept. (close correspondence with type); D. 1563, near Punta Maria, Apr. Bossea gardneri is so closely related to B. dichotoma that in some cases it is dificult or impossible to distinguish the two. There is even considerable suggestion that the two are not specifically distinct. Until additional evidence is at hand, however, both names may be retained, B. gardneri to represent a plant with rare or infrequent pinnate branch- ing below and usually somewhat attenuated tips, B. dichotoma to repre- sent a plant with frequent pinnate branching below, and sometimes above, and somewhat expanded tips. B. dichotoma also tends to have broader intergenicula than B. gardneri. In Mexico Bossea gardneri appears to be confined to the cool water of the upwelling areas of northern Baja California. Although it is com- mon among the northern Channel Islands and along the southern Calli- fornia coast, it has not yet been obtained from the warmer waters of the southern Channel Islands. Bossea dichotoma Manza Plate 8, fig. 2 Manza, 1937a, p. 562; Manza 1940, p. 307, pl. 17; Smith, 1944, p. 234, pl. 54, fig. 1. Bossea frondifera Manza, as interpreted by Dawson, 1945, p. 65. Thalli saxicolous, to 8 cm. high, consisting of several to many much- branched erect parts from a crustose basal stratum; erect parts primarily dichotomously and rather divaricately branched in one plane, frequently with alternate or opposite pinnate branches below and sometimes above, also with occasional proliferous branches from the intergenicular sur- faces; branch-intervals rather short, especially in upper parts; branch tips usually tending to be broadly rounded, not attenuated ; intergenicula, except those at the very base, strongly compressed or flattened, much broader than long, very broadly cuneate, with prominent wings and midrib, mostly 3.0-4.0 mm. wide, mostly 1.5-1.6 mm. long in upper parts of tetrasporic plants, smaller in sexual plants; wings usually with rounded or blunt tips, sometimes subacute; genicula unizonal, about 200 uw long or less; intergenicular medulla multizonal, of uniform zones of straight filaments; tetrasporangial plants somewhat larger than sexual ones; tetrasporangial conceptacles domoid, about 750 » in diameter, 1-2 on either side of the midrib on flattened faces of intergenicula; tetra- 156 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 17 sporangia oblong or elongate-ovate, 150-200 p long, 50-100 ,» wide; carposporic conceptacles conical, about 500 p» in diameter, 1-2 (or 3) on either side of midrib; carpospores spherical to elongate-ovate, 40-70 pu in diameter; antheridial conceptacles conical, about 500 p» in diameter, 1-2 on either side of midrib. Type: Holotype is a collection by Manza, May 5, 1931, on sheet 545756 in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. An isotype is in HAHF. Type LocaLiry: Nye’s Point, Moss Beach, San Mateo County, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Cooper 875, Mar., Dawson 108-45, Apr., Punta Descanso; D. 6500, Bahia Colnett, Mar. (dredged) ; D. 10579, Punta Norte, Isla Cedros, Oct. The broad, short, prominently winged intergenicula, somewhat ex- panded branch-tips, and rather dense dichotomous branching above com- bined with irregular pinnate branching below are characteristic of this species. Ihe Cabo Colnett specimen is very much like the type in all dimensions, whereas the Punta Descanso plants are somewhat smaller throughout. Bossea ligulata Dawson sp. nov. Plate 8, fig. 8; Plate 26, fig. 2 Thallis 9-12 cm. altis, sparse, alternate, pinnate ramificatis, rami- ficatione plerumque in partibus mediis internodia inferiora ramosque terminales longa ligulataque efficiente; ramificatione accessoria et mul- tifaria frequente a superficiebus complanatis intergeniculorum; inter- geniculis circa 1 mm. longis, 3-3.5 mm. latis in partibus mediis, prom- inenter alatis costatisque, reductione unius alarum ad asymmetriam ten- dentibus. Thalli saxicolous, 9-12 cm. high, consisting of several branched erect parts from a crustose basal stratum; erect parts subcylindric at the very base, 0.5-0.8 mm. in diameter, otherwise expanded and strongly flattened throughout, sparsely, alternately, pinnately, fastigiately branched, rarely or not at all dichotomous, the branching mainly in mid-parts of the thallus such that the lower internodes and terminal branches are long and ligulate; accessory multifarious branching from the flattened sur- faces of intergenicula frequent; genicula 200-230 yu long; intergenicula broader than long, in mid-parts mostly a little more than 1 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide, narrower above and below, prominently winged and no. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 7 midribbed, the wings rounded or acute, mostly closely fitting, in the more slender parts tending to be asymmetrical by reduction of one of the wings sometimes almost to the midrib; tetrasporangial conceptacles domoid and strongly rostrate, 650-750 p» in diameter; tetrasporangia oblong-fusiform, 160-180 » long; sexual plants not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 8532, Dec. 21, 1949, on sheet 54745 including slide 1413, in HAHF. Type Locatity: 2% miles north of South Bluff, at —1.7 foot tide level, Isla Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Dawson 8393, outer reef at extreme south tip of Isla Gualalupe, Dec. 18, 1949. The distinguishing features of this species are its sparse, alternate- pinnate, fastigiate branching confined largely to the mid-portions of the erect thalli, and the long, ligulate terminal branches. The tendency to asymmetry of the intergenicula seems characteristic as also the tend- ency to branch from the flattened surfaces of the intergenicula. Bossea sagittata Dawson et Silva Plate 8, fig. 1; Plate 32, figs. 1-2 Thallis 8-10 cm. altis; caulibus erectis plerumque percurrentibus, 1-3 ordinibus ramorum oppositorum, pinnatorum, interdum dichotomis ; intergeniculis cylindricis ad basim, circa 1 mm. diametro, in partibus superioribus obtuse sagittatis, alis subacutis, costa indistincta, crassiori- bus, 2.0-2.5 mm. longis, 1.8-3.0 mm. latis. Thalli saxicolous, 8-10 cm. high, consisting of numerous branched erect axes from the basal crustose stratum; erect axes mostly percurrent, occasionally dichotomous, cylindrical to compressed or flattened in the lower third and little branched except near the base and (or) by single segment pinnae, above flattened and more or less regularly and abundant- ly pinnately, oppositely branched in 1-3 orders, the branching above often from nearly every segment and tending to be corymbose with the second- ary and tertiary pinnae extending all the way to the tips, but sometimes the fronds very irregular in outline from unequal growth of the primary pinnae and the development of few secondary pinnae; intergenicula cylindrical, barrel-shaped at the base (about 1 mm. in diameter), be- coming compressed and flattened above, but usually remaining relatively thick, especially through the axis, blunt-sagittate in shape with narrow, subacute, distally projecting wings and indistinct midrib, usually about as broad as long, 2.0-2.5 mm. long, 1.8-3.0 mm. broad; genicula uni- 158 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. Li7 zonal, (160) 180-200 (240) u long; intergenicular medullary filaments essentially straight; reproductive conceptacles irregularly placed on geni- cular faces, usually on either side of axis, tetrasporangial ones domoid, 400-600 p» in diameter, 2-4 per segment, antheridial ones domoid- conical, slightly rostrate, 350-500 yu in diameter, 2-6 per segment. Type: Holotype is Silva 4880, Feb. 26, 1949, in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. Isotype is in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: Lower littoral rocks, South Island, Los Corona- dos, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: California—Silva 4309, Johnsons Land- ing, Santa Catalina Island, Feb.; Silva 2498, Catalina Harbor, Santa Catalina Island, Feb.; Silva 4412, Santa Barbara Island, Feb.; Silva 2691, Willows Anchorage, Santa Cruz Island, Jan.; Silva 1500, West Anacapa Island, Mar. (a proliferous, rather thin form); Silva 1518, Prisoners Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, Mar.; Silva 1521, Wilson Cove, San Clemente Island, Aug. Pacific Baja Calif—D. 10406, Punta San Eugenio, Nov. The gross outline of this species is so variable that one is inclined at first to recognize two species. Some of the plants are so regularly and compactly corymbose as to suggest Bossea corymbifera Manza, while others are not at all corymbose and have elongated ultimate branches of unequal length. The distinctive shape of the usually rather thick, sagit- tate intergenicula, the characteristic percurrent axes and pinnate branch- ing, and the cylindrical, basal stipitate parts seem clearly to ally all of these collections and to distinguish them from other species of this coast. The Punta San Eugenio specimens are somewhat less coarse than the others. That the number of conceptacles may be extremely variable is indi- cated by several specimens under Silva 4309 in which seven tetrasporic conceptacles or twelve carposporic ones may occur on one face of a segment. Bossea cooperi Dawson et Silva sp. nov. Plate 8, fig. 7; Plate 24, fig. 2 Thallis 4-9 cm. altis, dumosis, abundanter ramificatis intervallis 3-6 intergeniculorum, ramificatione dichotoma pinnataque ubique plus min- usve irregulariter mixta, at ramificatione pinnata, alternata oppositeve praevalente; intergeniculis sagittatis, paulo latioribus quam longioribus, 1.5-2.5 mm. latis, 1.2-2.0 mm. longis, crassioribus, lobis brevibus, sub- acutis, costa indistincta. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 159 Thalli 4-9 cm. high, consisting of a number of much-branched, non- percurrent, bushy erect parts from a crustose basal stratum; erect parts cylindrical or subcylindrical at the very base, then compressed and flat- tened above, 500-700 p» thick; branching abundant, mostly at intervals of 3-6 intergenicula, both dichotomous and pinnate more or less irre- gularly mixed throughout, but alternate or opposite pinnate branching tending to predominate; intergenicula bluntly sagittate, usually a little broader than long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, 1.2-2.0 mm. long, rather thick and with short, subacute, distally projecting wings, not overlapping each other or rarely so; midrib absent or indistinct; genicula unizonal, 200- 250 p long; asexual conceptacles domoid, 600-750 » in diameter, the ostiole frequently excentric, 1-2 or up to 5 on flattened intergenicular faces, bearing bispores or tetraspores ; sexual plants not seen. Type: Holotype is Cooper 545, March 5, 1947, on sheet 14521 in- cluding slide 1412 in HAHF. TypE LOCALITY: In protected tide pools, Playa Rosarita, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: California—Silva 5927, Mar., D. 5823, Dec., Santa Cruz Island (large, luxuriant plants) ; Silva 1697, West Anacapa Island, Mar.; D. 10268, La Jolla, Mar. Pacific Baja Calif.— Cooper 774, Punta Santo Tomas, Mar.; D. 1172, Punta Baja, April. This plant shows considerable resemblance to Bossea orbigniana in size and in the bluntly sagittate shape of the intergenicula, but differs . sharply in the conspicuous alternate and opposite pinnate branching. From other pinnate species such as B. insularis it is distinguished by its differently shaped, narrow, more acutely lobed intergenicula which are little broader than long. From B. ligulata it is distinct in its narrower intergenicula, its frequent dichotomous branching, and in its denser branching in upper parts. A specimen dredged from 20-25 meters off San Pedro, California seems by its branching to be referable to B. cooperi rather than to the commoner sublittoral B. orbigniana. Bossea insularis Dawson et Silva sp. nov. Plate 8, figs. 5-6; Plate 25, fig. 2 Bossea gardneri Manza, as interpreted by Taylor, 1945, p. 194, pl. 57; Dawson, 1951, p. 53. Bossea plumosa Manza, as interpreted by Dawson, 1949, p. 227. 160 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL.17 Thallis 2.5-8 cm. altis, densius pinnate, irregulariter alternate op- positeve ramificatis, saepe corymbosius; intergeniculis latissime cuneatis, plerumque 2.5-3.0 mm. latis, .75-1.25 mm. longis, 0.5-0.6 mm. crassis ad costam indistinctam; alis prominentibus, teretibus, truncatis vel acutis. Thalli 2.5-8 cm. high, consisting of several erect, branched parts from a crustose basal stratum; erect parts strongly compressed or flat- tened except at the very base, rather densely pinnately, irregularly alter- nately or oppositely branched, often somewhat corymbose, with only occasional dichotomous branching above but sometimes frequent below, often with many single-segment pinnae; intergenicula very broadly cuneate, usually shaped like a wing nut, much broader than long (2.0) 2.9-3.0 (3.5)) mm. ‘broad, .75-1.25- (1:5) mm. long, (0:5-016 mm: thick at the usually distinct midrib, with prominent, rounded, truncated or sometimes acute wings, the edges of wings of adjoining intergenicula often overlapping slightly; genicula unizonal, about 250 p» long; inter- genicular medulla of uniform zones of straight filaments; asexual con- ceptacles domoid, 500-700 wu in diameter, irregularly arranged on flat- tened surfaces of intergenicula, but usually one on either side of midrib, often congested in older parts, bearing tetrasporangia or bisporangia, the ostiole usually excentric; carposporic conceptacles rostrate, asymmetrical, with the ostiole somewhat lateral; antheridial conceptacles 400-550 p in diameter, rostrate. Type: Holotype is Silva 6219, Mar. 15, 1950, in the Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. An isotype is in HAHF. Type LocaALity: Lower littoral rocks, Smugglers Cove, Santa Cruz Island, Calif. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: California—Silva 4203, Pelican Bay, Santa Cruz Island, Jan.; Silva 3822, Willows Anchorage, Santa Cruz Island, Jan.; Silva 4422, Santa Barbara Island, Feb.; Silva 3410, San Clemente Island, Aug.; Silva 1516, San Miguel Island, Jan.; D. 1297, La Jolla, Jan. Pacific Baja Calif—Silva 4879, Feb., Hubbs 48-218, Aug., Islas Los Coronados; D. 275, 8 km. south of Punta Descanso, Jan.; D. 10281, mouth of Rio San Miguel, Aug.; Silva 1525, Islas Todos Santos, Feb.; D. 8835, Jan., 1262, Apr., Punta Baja; D. 2764, 2765, Punta Santa Rosalia, Oct.; D. 9112b-c, Islas San Benito, Apr.; Taylor 34-643a, Mar., D. 6543, Mar., D. 9848, 9859, Apr., South Bay, Isla Cedros; D. 10405, Punta San Eugenio, Nov.; D. 9176, Bahia Asuncion, Apr. NO. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 161 Bossea insularis varies considerably in size but little in relative pro- portions, The illustrations show something of this range of size among the Mexican plants, from the dwarfish ones of Punta Santa Rosalia to the large form found at Bahia Asuncién and at some of the California Channel Islands. The species is distinctive in its short, broad intergenicula, usually under 3 mm. in greatest dimensions, and in its bushy habit and usually dominant pinnate branching. Frequent 1-2-segment pinnae are char- arteristic. Our specimens in part agree fairly well with Smith’s illustra- tion (1944) of Bossea corymbifera Manza, but his figure does not cor- respond with Manza’s type and seems to represent an undescribed entity. Further study of B. corymbifera in central California is necessary before the specific limits of that name can accurately be determined. In size and aspect B. insularis may resemble B. plumosa Manza (including B. frondifera Manza‘), but it is neither so richly branched above, nor provided with so many of the short, lateral pinnae which give B. plumosa its characteristic feathery appearance. Some narrow examples may ap- proach B. cooperi, especially in branching, but are distinct by manner of the short, broad, round-lobed intergenicula. 1 An examination of the single large collection of Bossea from Moss Beach, California which includes the type specimens of Manza’s B. plumosa and B. frondifera has revealed that these names probably represent two variations in a single population. Although superficially the holotype specimens appear quite distinct, closer inspection reveals the similarity of fundamental construction. - The types of B. plumosa and B. frondifera seem to exemplify two peaks of vari- ability, while other examples intermediate between them, but from the same collection, were not named by Manza. In other collections, such as Silva 2817, Lucia, Calif., series of specimens are found which show a range of characters from B. plumosa to B. frondifera, with the “plumosa” type by far the commoner. The ovate leaflets of B. frondifera seem to be the result of a tardiness by the pinnae in cutting off pinnulae. o ‘5 : A ad Hi} Rak) eer Dy Sent ale aa Seem No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 163 LITERATURE CITED AGARDH, J .G. 1847. 1852. 1883. 1885. 1892. 1896. 1899. ARDISSONE, 1883. ASKENASY, 1888. Nya alger frin Mexico, Ofvers. Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. For- handl., 1847 (1): 5-17. Species genera et ordines algarum, vol. 2, part 2. pp. 337-700, addenda 701-720. Lund. Till Algernas Systematik. Nya Bidrag. Tredje Afd. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., 19(2): 1-177. 4 pls. Till Algernas Systematik. Nya Bidrag. Fjerde Afd. Ibid., 21(8): 1-117. 1 pl. Analecta Algologica. [bid., 28(6): 1-182. 3 pls. Analecta Algologica. Continuatio III. [bid., 32(2): 1-140. 1 pl. Analecta Algologica. Continuatio V. Ibid., 35(4): 1-160. 3 pls. F, Phycologia Mediterranea. Mem. Soc. Critt. Italiana, 1: I-X, 1-516. E Algen. Mit Unterstiitzung der Herren E. Bornet, A. Grunow, P. Hariot, M. Moebius, O. Nordstedt. . . bearbeitet, zz, Die Forschungs- reise S.M.S. “Gazelle” 1874 bis 1876 unter Komando. . . Freihern von Schleinits. . .Th. 4, Bot., pp. 1-58, pls. 4-12. Berlin. Batrers, E. A. 1896. 1897. 1900. 1902. BERTHOLD, 1882. Some new British marine algae. Journal of Botany, 34:6-11. New or critical British marine algae. [bid., 35 :433-440. New or critical British marine algae. I[bid., 38:369-379. 1 pl. A catalogue of the British marine algae. Ibid., 40 (Supplement 1): 1-107. G. Die Bangiaceen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres- Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angren- zenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Monographie 12: 1-27. 8 pls. BLANKINSHIP, J. W. AND C. A. KEELER 1892, On the natural history of the Farallon Islands. Zoe, 3: 144-165. BorGEsEN, F. 1902. Marine algae. Botany of the Faeroes, 2: 339-532. 60 text figs. Copen- hagen. 1915-1920. The marine algae of the Danish West Indies. Vol. 2, Rhodo- 1927. 1932, 1942. phyceae. Dansk Bot. Arkiv, 3 (1a-f) : 1-504. 435 text figs. Marine algae from the Canary-Islands. . . III. Rhodophyceae. Part 1, Bangiales and Nemalionales. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Meddel., 6(6) : 1-97. 49 text figs. A revision of Forsskal’s algae mentioned in Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica and found in his herbarium in the Botanical Museum of the Univer- sity of Copenhagen. Dansk Bot. Arkiv, 8(2): 1-15. 4 text figs. 1 pl. Some marine algae from Mauritius. III. Rhodophyceae. Part 1, Por- phyridiales, Bangiales, Nemalionales. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Meddel., 17(5) : 1-64. 2 pls. Bory DE SAINT VINCENT, J. B. 1825. Dictionnaire classique d’histoire naturelle. Vol. 7, pp. 1-626. Paris. 164 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 CHAUVIN, J. F. 1826-1831. (in part with M. Roberge) Algues de la Normandie, Fasc. 1-7. Caen. 1842. Recherches sur l’organization, la fructification et la classification de plusieurs genres d’algues, avec la description de quelques espéces inedites ou peu connues. 132 pp. Caen. Cuovu, R. C.-Y. 1945. Pacific species of Galaxaura. I. Asexual types. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters, 30(1944) : 35-55. 11 pls. 1947. Pacific species of Galaxaura. II. Sexual types. Ibid., 31(1945): 3-24. 13 pls. Couns, F. S. 1506. New species, etc., issued in the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Rhodora, 8: 104-113. 1913. The marine algae of Vancouver Island. Bull. Victoria Mem. Mu- seum, 1: 99-137. Cotins, F. S. anp A. B. HERVEY 1917. The algae of Bermuda. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 53: 3-195. 6 pls. Couns, F. S., I. HOLDEN AND W. A. SETCHELL. 1895-1919. Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Fasc. 1-46 and A-E. Malden, Mass. Crouan, P. L. AnD H. M. Crouan. 1844. Observations sur le genre Peyssonelia Dne. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 10: 367-368. pl. 11, figs. 6-10. 1858. Note sur quelques algues marines nouvelles de la Rade de Brest. Ibid., ser. 4, 9: 69-75, pl. 3. DANGEARD, P. 1949. Les algues marines de la céte occidentale du Maroc. Le Botaniste, ser. 34: 89-189. 19 text figs. Dawson, E. Y. 1944. The marine algae of the Gulf of California. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., 3: 189-454. 47 pls. 1945. Notes on Pacific Coast marine algae, III. Madrofio, 8(3): 93-97. 1 pl. 1945a. Some new and unreported sublittoral algae from Cerros Island, Mexico. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 43(3) : 102-112. 3 pls. 1945b. Marine algae associated with upwelling along the northwestern coast of Baja California, Mexico. Ibid., 44(2): 57-71. 3 pls. 1945c. An annotated list of the marine algae and marine grasses of San Diego County, California, Occ. Papers San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., (7): 1-87. 1949. Resultados preliminares de un reconocimiento de las algas marinas de la costa Pacific de Mexico. Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat. 9 (3-4 diciembre, 1948) : 215-255. 1 chart. 1949a. Contributions toward a marine flora of the Southern California Channel Islands, I-III. Allan Hancock Found. Publ., Occ. Papers, 8: 1-57. 15 pls. 1950. Notes on Pacific Coast marine algae, IV. Amer. Journ. Bot., 37: 149- 158. 4 pls. 1651. A further study of upwelling and associated vegetation along Pacific Baja California, Mexico. Journ. Mar. Res., 10(1) : 39-58. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 165 DECAISNE, M. J. 1841. Plantes de |’Arabie Heureuse recueilles par M.P.-E. Botta. Arch. Mus. d’Hist. Nat.(Paris) 2: 89-194. pls. 5-7. 1842. Memoire sur les Corallines ou Polypiers calciféres. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, Botanique, 18: 96-128. De.itz, A. RAFFENEAU-. 1813. Florae Egyptiacae illustratio (pp. 49-82); Flore de l’Egypte, explica- tion des planches (pp. 145-320), iz, France-Commision d’Egypte. Description de l’Egypte, on recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l’expedition de l’armée Fran- caise [1798-1801], Vol. 2. Paris. Ditiwyn, L. W. 1802-1809. British Confervae; or colored figures and descriptions of the British plants referred by botanists to the genus Conferva. 87 pp. Pls. 1-109, all but the last one with corresponding, unpaginated description. Suppl. pls. A-G without text. (See Setchell and Gardner, 1920 for full citation.) Dory, M. S. 1947. The marine algae of Oregon, I-II. Farlowia, 3: 1-65, 159-215, 14 pls. Drew, K. M. 1928. A revision of the genera Chantransia, Rhodochorton, and Acrochaet- ium. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 14: 139-224. 12 pls. Fartow, W. G. 1877. On some algae new to the United States. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., N.S., 4: 235-245. FELDMANN, J. 1931. Remarques sur les genres Gelidium Lamour., Gelidiopsis Schmitz, et. Echinocaulon (Kiitz.) emend. Rec. Trav. Cryptogam. dédiés a L. Mangin: 151-166. 4 text figs. Paris. FELDMANN, J. AND G. FELDMANN 1940. Additions a la flore des algues marines de |’Algerie. Fascicule 2 Bull. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. de l’Afrique du Nord, 30: 453-464. 1942. Recherches sur les Bonnemaisoniacées et leur alternance de genera- tions. Ann. des Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 11, 3: 75-175. 26 figs. FELDMANN, J. AND G. HAMEL 1934. Observations sur quelques Gelidiacées. La Revue Gen. de Bot., 46 (1934) : 528-550. 11 text figs. (reprint paged 1-22) 1936. Floridées de France. VII. Susie Revue Algologique, 9(1-2): 85-140. 5 pls. ForssKAL, P. 1775. Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, quas per Aegyptum inferiorem et Arabiam Felicem detexit, illustravit Petrus Forskal. Post mortem auctoris edidit C. Niebuhr. pp. 1-33-+-i-cxxvi +1-219. 1 map. Hauniae. Garpner, N. L. 1917. New Pacific Coast marine algae. I. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 6: 377- 416. 5 pls. 1927. New Rhodophyceae from the Pacific Coast of North America. II. Ibid., 13: 235-272. 12 pls. 166 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 1927a. New species of Gelidium on the Pacific Coast of North America. Ibid., 13: 273-318. 19 pls. 1927b. New Rhodophyceae from the Pacific Coast of North America. III. Ibid., 13: 333-368. 13 pls. GMELIN, S. G. 1768. Historia Fucorum. pp. 1-239, (1-6), 33 pls. Petropoli. Gray, J. E. 1867. Lithothrix, a new genus of Coralline. Journal of Botany, 5: 33. 2 figs. HAMEL, G. 1924. Floridées de France. Revue Algologique, 1(3) : 278-292, 2 figs. 1924a. Floridées de France, II. Ibid., 1(4) : 427-457. 5 figs. 1928. Floridées de France, 5. Ibid., 3: 99-158. 27 figs. Hariot, P. 1891. Liste des algues marines rapportées de Yokosuka (Japon) par M. le Dr. Savatier. Mem. Soc. Nat. Sci. Nat. et Math. de Cherbourg, 27: 211-230. Harvey, W. H. 1847. Nereis Australis, or algae of the Southern Ocean, being figures and descriptions of marine plants collected on the shores of the Cape of Good Hope, at the extra-tropical Australian colonies, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Antarctic regions; Deposited in the herbarium of Dublin University. 2+-viii+124 pp. 50 pls. London. 1853. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part II. Rhodospermae, and Appendix. Smiths. Contr. to Knowledge, 5 (article 5): 1-258. pls. 13-36. 1855. Some account of the marine botany of the colony of Western Aus- tralia. Trans. Royal Irish Academy, 22: 525-566. 1858. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. Chlorospermae, and Supplement. Smiths. Contr. to Knowledge, 10(article 2) : 1-140. 14 pls. 1858a. Phycologia Australica; or, a history of Australian seaweeds. . . Vol. 1. pls. 1-60. London. HeypricyH, F. 1897. Neue Kalkalgen von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea. Biblio. Bot., 7(Heft 41): 1-11. 1 pl. HOLLENBERG, G. J. 1942. Phycological notes —1. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 69: 528-538. 15 figs. 1948. Notes on Pacific Coast marine algae. Madrofio, 9(5): 155-162. Hotes, E. M. 1896. New marine algae from Japan. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 31: 248-260. 6 pls. Hooker, W. J. 1833. The English Flora of Sir James Edward Smith. Class XXIV, Crypto- gamia, Vol. 5. (Vol. 2 of Dr. Hooker’s British Flora) part 1, com- prising the Mosses, Hepaticae, Lichens, Characeae and Algae. pp. i-x -++1-432. London. Howe, M. A. 1911. Phycological studies —IV. Some marine algae of Lower California, Mexico. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 38: 489-514. 1 text fig. 8 pls. 1914. The marine algae of Peru. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club., 15: 1-185. 44 text figs. 66 pls. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 167 Howe, M. A. Anp W. D. Hoyt 1916. Notes on some algae from the vicinity of Beaufort, N.C. Mem. New York Bot. Gard., 6: 105-123. pls. 11-15. Hus, i. 5. 1902. An account of the species of Porphyra found on the Pacific Coast of North America. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 3rd ser., Bot., 2: 173-240. 3 pls. InaGAkI, K. 1935. Some marine algae recently discovered in Japan and new to science. Sci. Pap. Inst. Alg. Res., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., 1(1): 44-49. 4 text figs. KJELLMANN, F. R. 1900. Om Floridé-slagtet Galaxaura dess organografi och systematik. Kongl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 33(1): 1-110. 20 pls. Kutzine, F. T. 1843. Phycologia Generalis. pp. 1-458. 80 pls. Leipzig. 1845-71. Tabulae Phycologicae oder Abbildungen der Tange. Vols. 1-20. Nordhausen. Kyun, H. 1925. The marine red algae in the vicinity of the biological station at Friday Harbor, Wash. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., N.F., Avd. 2, 21 (9): 1-87. 47 text figs. 1930. Ups die Entwichlungsgeschichte der Florideen. Ibid., 26(6): 1-104. 56 figs. 1937. Anatomie der Rhodophyceen, iz, K. Linsbauer, Handbuch der Pflan- zenanatomie, II, 2g: pp. i-viii-+-1-347. 252 figs. 1941. Californische Rhodophyceen. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., N.F., 37(2): 1-51. 7 text figs. 13 pls. 1944. Die oes der Schwedischen Reeruste: Tbid., 40(2): 1-104. 32 pls LAMARCK, J. B. 1815. Suite et fin- Des polypiers corticiferes, genre Coralline. Memoires du museum d’hist. nat., 2: 227-240. Lamarck, J. B. AND A. DECANDOLLE 1815. Flore Francaise; ou, descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissant naturellement en France. . . Troisiéme édition, augmentée du Tome V, ou sixiéme volume. Vol. V (Tome quatriéme, seconde partie), pp. 1-10-+-1-612. Lamouroux, J. V. R 1813. Essai sur les genres de la famille des thalassiophytes non articulées. Ann. du Museum d’hist. nat. Paris, 20: 21-47, 115-139, 267-293. 7 pls. 1816. Histoire des polypiers coralligénes flexibles, vulgairement nommeés zoophytes. pp. i-lxxxiv-+table-+-1-559+1. 19 pls. Caen. 1824. Des polypes a polypiers. pp. 592-657, 10 pls. in atlas, iz, Quoy and P. Gaimard, Zoologie, in, M. L. Freycinet, Voyage autour du Monde, entrepris par ordre du Roy. . . exécuté sur les corvettes de |’Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Le Jouts, A. 1863. Liste des algues marines de Cherbourg. Mem. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. de Cherbourg, 10 (i): 1-168. 6 pls. (The paper was published as a separate in 1863 before it appeared in the Memoires in 1864.) 168 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 LeEMOINE, Mme. P. 1929. Les Corallinacées de l’Archipel des Galapagos et du Golfe de Pan- ama. Arch. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat., vi, 4: 37-88. 35 text figs. 4 pls. LevrinG, T. 1937. Zur Kenntnis der Algenflora der Norwegische Westkuste. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., N.F., Avd. 2, 33(8): 1-147. 19 text figs. 4 pls. LIGHTFOOT, J. 1777. Flora Scotica, or a systematic arrangement, in the Linnean method, of the native plants of Scotland and the Hebrides, 2: pp. 531-1151. pls. 24-35. London. Loomis, N. H. 1949. New species of Gelidium and Pterocladia with notes on the structure of the thalli in these genera. Allan Hancock Found. Publ., Occ. Papers 6: 1-28. 10 pls. LynoByE, H. C. 1819. Tentamen hydrophytologiae Danicae. pp. i-xxxii, 1-248. 70 pls. Copenhagen. Manza, A. V. 1937. The genera of the articulated corallines. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. of U.S.A. 23: 44-48. 1937a. Some North Pacific species of articulated corallines. [bid., 23: 561-567. 1940. A revision of the genera of articulated corallines. Philippine Journ. Sci., 71: 239-316. 20 pls. MonrTacng, J. F. C. 1846. Algues, iz, [France] Exploration scientifique de |’Algerie. . . .Bot- anique, 1: 1-199. 16 pls. Moors, L. B. 1945. ‘The genus Pterocladia in New Zealand. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 74(4): 332-342. 5 pls. NacELI, C. 1847. Die neuern Algensysteme und Versuch zur Begriindung eines eigenen Systems der Algen und Florideen. pp. 1-275. 10 pls. Ziirich. 1861 [1862] Beitrage zur Morphologie und Systematik der Ceramiaceae. Sitzungsb. Konig]. Bayerische Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, Jahrg. 1861, 2: 297-415. 1 pl. Narpo, J. D. 1834. De novo genere algarum cui nomen ist Hildenbrandtia prototypus. Isis, von Oken, 1834: 675-676. Newron, L. 1931. A handbook of the British seaweeds. pp. i-xiii+-1-478. 270 text figs. OKAMURA, K. 1907. Icones of Japanese algae, 1 (2): 23-49. pls. 6-10. Tokyo. 1921. Ibid., 4(5): 85-107. pls. 171-175. Tokyo. 1921a. Ibid., 4(7) : 127-149. pls. 181-185. Tokyo. 1936. Nippon Kaison Shi [Descriptions of Japanese algae]. pp. 1-9-+-1-6+ 1-964+1-11. 427 text figs. Tokyo. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 169 PapenFuss, G. 1945. Review of the Acrochaetium-Rhodochorton complex of the red algae. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18 (14) : 299-334. 1947. Further contributions toward an understanding of the Acrochaetium- Rhodochorton complex of the red algae. Ibid., 18(19) : 433-447. Piccone, A. 1884. Contribuzione all’algologia Eritrea. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., 16(1): 281-332. pls. 7-9. PosTEeLs, A. AND F. RUPRECHT 1840. Illustrationes algarum in itinere circa orbem. . . exsecuto in Oceano Pacifico imprimis septentrionali ad littora Rossica Asiatico-Americana collectarum. 22 pp., 40 pls. St. Petersburg. RAFFENEAU-DELILE, A. (see DELILE) ROSENVINGE, L. K. 1900. Note sur une Floridée aérienne (Rhodochorton islandicum nov. sp.) Bot. Tidsskr., 23: 61-81. 1909-1931. The marine algae of Denmark. Contributions to their natural history. Rhodophyceae. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, 7 Raekke, naturvidensk. og mathem. Afd., 7(1-4): pp. 1-627+-1-3. 619 text figs. 8 pls. ScumITz, F. 1889. Systematische Ubersicht der bisher bekannten Gattungen der Florideen. Flora, 72: 435-456, pl. 21. 1895. Marine Florideen von Deutsch-Ostafrika. Botan. Jahrb. fiir syst. Botanik [Engler], 21: 137-177. 1896. Bangiaceae, iz, A. Engler and K. Prantl, Die Natiirlichen Pflanzen- familien. Teil 1, Abt. 2: 307-316. 4 text figs. Leipzig. SETCHELL, W. A. 1912. Algae novae et minus cognitae. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 229-268. 7 pis. 1914. The Scinaia assemblage. Ibid., 6: 79-152. 7 pls. SETCHELL, W. A. AND N. L. GARDNER 1903. Algae of northwestern North America. Ibid., 1: 165-418. 21 pls. 1924. The marine algae. Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. iv, 12: 695-949. 77 pls. 1930. Marine algae of the Revillagigedo Islands Expedition of 1925. Ibid., 19: 109-215. 15 pls. 1937. A preliminary report on the algae. The Templeton Crocker Expedi- tion of the California Academy of Sciences. [bid., 22(2): 65-98. 1 text fig. 23 pls. SmiTH, G. M. 1944. Marine algae of the Monterey Peninsula, California. pp. i-ix--1-622. 98 pls. Stanford Univ. STACKHOUSE, J. 1801. Nereis Britanica. pp. 1-112. 24 pls. Bath. 170 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 SvEDELIus, N. 1915. Zytologisch-entwichlungeschichtliche Studien tiber Scinaia furcellata ... Nov. Act. Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis, iv, 4(4): 1-55. 32 text figs. 1945. Critical notes on some species of Galaxaura from Ceylon. Arkiv for Botanik, 32A (6): 1-74. 22 text figs. 9 pls. Tanaka, T. 1944. The Japanese species of Protoflorideae. Sci. Papers Inst. Algol. Res., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., 3(1) : 79-97. 16 text figs. Taytor, W. R. 1928. The marine algae of Florida with special reference to the Dry Tor- tugas. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Papers Tortugas Lab. 25. pp. 1-219. 3 text figs. 37 pls. 1937. Marine algae of the northeastern coast of North America. pp. i-ix -++1-427. 60 pls. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1945. Pacific marine algae of the Allan Hancock Expeditions to the Gala- pagos Islands. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., 12: i-iv, 1-528. 3 text figs. 100 pls. TurNER, D. 1819. Fuci, or, colored figures and descriptions of the plants referred by botanists to the genus Fucus. Vol. 4, pp. 1-153. 62 pls. London. WEBER VAN Bosse, A. 1904. II. Corallineae verae of the Malay Archipelago, pp. 78-110, text figs. 33, 34, pls. 14-16, im, A. Weber van Bosse and M. Foslie, the Coral- linaceae of the Siboga Expedition. Monographie LXI a de: Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch Gebied ver- zameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indié 1899-1900 aan boord H. M. “Siboga” onder commando van Luitenant ter Zee 1¢ kl. G. F. Tyde- man. 1913-1928. Liste des Algues du Siboga. I, Myxophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae avec le concours de M. Th. Reinbold. pp. 1-186, figs. 1-52, pls. 1-5 (1913). Liste des Algues du Siboga. II, Rhodophyceae, premiére partie, Protoflorideae, Nemalionales, Cryptonemiales, pp. 187-310, figs. 53-109, pls. 6-8 (1921) ; seconde partie, Ceramiales, pp. 311-392, figs. 110-142, pls. 9-10 (1923); troisiéme partie, Gigartinales et Rhodymeniales. . ., pp. 393-533, figs. 143-212, pls. 11-16 (1928). Monographie LIX a de: Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceano- graphisch en geologisch Gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indié 1899-1900 aan boord H. M. “Siboga” onder commando van Luitenant ter Zee 1¢ kl. G. F. Tydeman. 1916. Squamariaceae, in, F. Bérgesen, The marine algae of the Danish West Indies, vol. 2, Rhodophyceae. Dansk Bot. Ark., 3(1b): 129-146. 12 text figs. WITHERING, W. 1792. -—-"-""“@p OGD O@ ———— FT - - -r 00% 1D 8508900: a ences 0 rs Becea' S550S: OOO 2; toy BI ite} oe ts} O89; 20, aR 176 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PLATE 2 Bupa Acrochaetium punctatum Dawson. A plant of the type collection, D. 462b, from Bahia Bocochibampo, Sonora. Figs. 2-5. Kylinia seriaspora Dawson. Portions of several filaments of the type collection, D. 736-40, from Isla Turner, Sonora, showing the stellate chromatophore and the pro- duction of solitary and seriate tetrasporangia. Figs. 6-8. Liagora abbottae Dawson, from the type collection, D. 2875, Punta Santa Rosalia, Baja California. Fig. 6. A. very young carpogonial branch. Fig. 7. An early post- fertilization stage in the development of the gonimo- blast. Fig. 8. A later post-fertilization stage showing development of the gonimoblast and of the involucral filaments. Figs. 9-12 Liagora farinosa Lamx. Carpogonial branches of varied form as observed in D. 8475, Isla Guadalupe, Baja Calif. Figs. 13-15 Liagora ceranoides forma leprosa (J. Ag.) Yamada, from D. 8478b, Isla Guadalupe. Fig. 13. Part of an assimilating filament bearing antheridia. Figs. 14-15. Carpogonial branches. Figs. 16-17. Liagora californica Zeh, from D. 5483, a topotype col- lection from Catalina Island, California. Fig. 16. An assimilating filament bearing antheridia. Fig. 17. A carpogonial branch. 178 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PANINI, J Figs. 1-11. Liagora magniinvolucra Dawson. Figs. 1-4. Carpogonial branches in the one- and two-celled stages, from D. 3220, Punta Palmilla, Baja Calif. Figs. 5-8. Carpo- gonial branches in the one-, two- and four-celled stages, from the type collection, D. 3386, Cabeza Ballena, Baja Calif. Fig. 9. An early stage in gonimoblast development showing the already extensive development of the involucre, D. 3386. Fig. 10. A mature cystocarp, D. 3386. Fig. 11. An antheridial branch of D. 3220. Fig. 12. Scinaia johnstoniae Setchell. Part of an antheridial plant of D. 6910 from near La Paz, Baja Calif., X 0.95. PES MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON : 1 NO. 180 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLen/ PLATE 4 Fig. 1. Scinaia latifrons Howe. Part of an antheridial plant of D. 136-40, Isla Tiburén, Sonora. X 0.9. Fig. 2 Glotophloea confusa Setchell. A mature cystocarpic plant from D. 3526, near Guaymas, Sonora. X 0.9. Fig. 3 Gelidium crinale (Turner) Lamx. Transection of a plant from Isla Guadalupe, showing abundant and widely scattered rhizoidal filaments. X 200. Figs. 4-5. Gelidium crinale var. luxurians Collins. Fig. 4. Tran- section of a syntype specimen from P. B. A. #1139, Pacific Beach, Calif., showing restriction of rhizoidal filaments to the median area. X 200. Fig. 5. Tran- section of a specimen of D. 8774, San Quintin penin- sula, Baja Calif., showing extreme reduction and restriction of rhizoidal filaments to the central medul- lary line. X 200. Fig. 6. Gelidium coronadense Dawson. Part of a_tetrasporic plant of the type collection, D. 4223, Islas Los Corona- dos, Baja Calif., showing the sterile margins of the elongated sori. X 10. NO. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF 09. o0c0 o aS L055 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. to we ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS EN IDIS, 5) Gelidium purpurascens Gardner. Part of a tetrasporic plant of Nichols 229, La Jolla, Calif. X 10. Gelidium pulchrum Gardner. Part of a_ tetrasporic plant from the type locality, Loomis 8058, Laguna Beach, Calif. X 10. Gelidium papenfussii Loomis. Part of a tetrasporic plant of D. 2915, Punta Santa Rosalia, Baja Calif. X 10. Gelidium deciduum Dawson. Part of a tetrasporic plant of the type collection, D. 3413, Cabeza Ballena, Baja Calif. X 10. Gelidium sonorense Dawson. Part of a_ tetrasporic plant of the type collection, D. 3551, near Guaymas, Sonora. X 4.5. VOL. Ly No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PLT 184 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Figs. 3-5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS RICA 56 Pterocladia caloglossoides (Howe) Dawson. A branch- let bearing unilocular cystocarps, from D. 8593, Isla Guadalupe, Baja Calif. X 18. Pterocladia parva Dawson. One of the smaller, free, suberect branches of a plant from the type collection, D. 425, San Felipe, Baja Calif. X 8.3. Gelidiella ligulata Dawson, from the type collection, D. 6208, Cabeza Ballena, Baja Calif. Fig. 3. A young plant with developing ligulate blades. X 4.6. Fig. 4. Transectional diagram of a blade to show central axial filament and the group of pericentral cells. X 46. Fig. 5. Tip of an old ligule showing deciduous branchlets. >, eG Pikea californica Harvey. Transection of a mature part of D. 1302, Punta Baja, Baja Calif. X 46. Leptocladia laxa Taylor. Transection of a mature part of the type specimen, Taylor 603-34, Isla Magdalena, Baja Calif. X 46. Leptocladia binghamiae J. Ag. Transection of a mature part of D. 1181, Punta Baja, Baja Calif. X 46. VOL. NO. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 6 186 Fig. 1. Figs. 2-3. Fig. 4. e q8 ™~™ ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PAL ZN ILS, 7/ Weeksia templetoni Setchell & Gardner. Transection of a cystocarpic blade of D. 5804, Santa Cruz Island, California, showing curved carpogonial branches. Cruortella dubyt (Crouan & Crouan) Schmitz. Fig. 2. Vertical section through a tetrasporangial portion of D. 2951, Miller’s Landing, Baja Calif. Fig. 3. Portion of hypothallus of D. 2895, Punta Santa Rosalia, Baja Calif., as seen from below, showing characteristic fan- shaped anastomosing cell-groups. Hildenbrandia prototypus Nardo var. prototypus. Verti- cal section through a tetrasporangial crust of D. 8730, San Quintin Peninsula, Baja Calif., showing irregular- ly divided sporangia. Cruortella | magdalenae Dawson. Vertical — section through a tetrasporangial portion of the type, D. 9363c, Isla Magdalena, Baja Calif. Cruoriella fissurata Dawson. Vertical section through an antheridial portion of D. 3849a, Acapulco, Guerr. Haematocelis rubens J. Ag. Vertical section through a tetrasporangial portion of D. 287, Punta Descanso, Baja Calif. Glotopeltis minuta Kylin, Fig. 8. Part of a tetra- sporangial plant from the type locality. X 4.5. Fig. 9. Part of a cystocarpic plant of D. 9427, Islas San Benito. X 4.5. VOL s17/, No. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 7 IN AE ro) wa (\ 26 / { S é 3 NEY py Se ry _ \/ = x a Mi y BAS = d £5 ih \ rH Sap SS —~ i a é \ee THOSE 6 5 \ ‘Y aXe) 2 \ \ * a \ CHAN ° oC SY | Seis WW CAN % Iso / WOR Nein * acyl = Ok we SoS OWN eal s oe ie SA ) 2 i a0 Ode6c6 eye) e) O S000 >, O8ee O00 Od IOGVE JQ000 J oe O 0) () casey 8 a Oui A a a 09 | ) W 000 ng 1) 0 uk 09 909958908 ga dol ¢ 6 26206 050080900 gt 6°08 5009099909 3 999500 0G2209 90% J 0059 000 9000992 fe 005 One ft : ae 4800 } QO OQ0 Yy z Ze Nae ( : 188 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PALNIN SD, & Fig. 1. Bossea sagittata Dawson & Silva. A portion from near the middle of a plant from the type collection, X 5. Fig. 2. Bossea dichotoma Manza. A branching tip of a typical plant, D. 6500, Bahia Colnett, Baja Calif. X 4.5. Fig. 3. Jania tenella var. zacae Dawson. A young plant of the type collection to show basal disc and flattened seg- ments. X 20. Fig. 4. Bossea pachyclada aylor. Portion of a tetrasporic plant of the slender, thick form from Isla Guadalupe, DF 8528; Xi 5:4: Figs. 5-6. Bossea insularis Dawson & Silva. Fig. 5. Part of a paratype specimen of the larger form of the species, D. 9176, Bahia Asuncion, Baja Calif. XK 4.5. Fig. 6. Part of a paratype specimen of the smaller form of the species, D. 2764, Punta Santa Rosalia, Baja Calif. X 4.5. Fig. 7. Bossea coopert Dawson. Part of a tetrasporic plant of the type collection, Cooper 545, Playa Rosarito, Baja Calitaexeras: Bossea ligulata Dawson. Part of a plant of the type collection, D. 8532, Isla Guadalupe, Baja Calif. X 4.5. Fig. 9. Calliarthron cheilosportoides Manza. Part of a tetra- sporic plant of Cooper 769, Punta Santo Tomas, Baja Calif. X Se: 2 39 io 2} 190 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vous wu? PAL PN ICIS, &) Fig. 1. Jania capillacea Harvey. A propagulum from Hubbs 46-239, Puerto Marqués, Guerrero, showing manner of attachment and regeneration. X 33. Fig. 2. Jania subpinnata Dawson. Part of the type specimen, 3459. Wa Paz BayasCalittapxerlioeo: Piss 3: Jania tenella Kiitzing. One of the two isotype fragments from the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, in the Hancock Herbarium. X 18. Fig. 4. Jania longiarthra Dawson. A portion of the type specimen, D. 7041, Isla Espiritu Santo, Baja Calif. xo Y Imiveg, Se Corallina janioides Dawson. Pari of the tetrasporic type specimen, D. 8355, Isla Guadalupe, Baja Calif. X 4.5. Fig. 6. Corallina polysticha Dawson. Portion of an erect axis of the type specimen, D. 8534, Isla Guadalupe, Baja Calif. X 4.5. Figs. 7-13. Corallina pinnatifolia var. pinnatifolia. Several ulti- mate segments showing range of elaboration character- istic of Pacific Baja California examples. Figs. 14-20. Corallina pinnatifolia var. digitata Dawson. Several ultimate segments showing pronounced elaboration char- acteristic of examples occurring in the Gulf of Cali- fornia. DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO G4 0 f) 0 , () SS ? oO 2 a eC OO TSC 2X PL. 9 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Fig. 1. Figs. 2-3. Figs. 5-6. 1 BiIfeay Tc Figs. 8-9. Fig. 10. Figs. 11-14. PLATE 10 Erythrocladia ectozoica Dawson. Part of a colony from the type collection showing its appearance on the stalk of Tubularia. Acrochaetium spiculiphilum Dawson, from the type collection. Fig. 2. A plant at the surface of the host showing both prostrate and erect, branched filaments. Fig. 3. A branched filament at the surface of the host. Fig. 4. A young plant with only prostrate filaments deep within the host. Acrochaetium ascidiophilum Dawson, from the type col- lection. Fig. 5. A plant as viewed laterally by means of a vertical section through the test of the host, showing the deeply penetrating endozoic filaments and the short, free filaments. (Only the surface line of the host indi- cated.) Fig. 6. A branched, free filament bearing mono- spores. Cruoriella hancockiu Dawson. Part of a vertical section through the type specimen showing a young. tetra- sporangium within the immersed nemathecium. Peyssonelia rubra var. ortentalis Weber van Bosse. Fig. 8. Part of a tangential vertical section through a tetrasporic plant of D. 7242, Bahia Agua Verde, Baja Calif., showing the rounded appearance of the hypo- thallial cells. Fig. 9. Part of a radial vertical section through a tetrasporic plant of D. 3245, Punta Pal- milla, Baja Calif. Peyssonelia clarionensis aylor. Part of a vertical section through a vegetative portion of the type speci- men. Cruoriopsis mexicana Dawson. Fig. 11. Part of a verti- cal section through a vegetative portion of D. 4280. Fig. 12. Part of a vertical section through a tetra- sporangial portion of the type specimen. Figs. 13-14. Two carpospore chains from D. 4280. VOL? PL. 10 MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON: ] NO. ler Sa re 0000 OP PR PO ORK COOM ODOC CP ODO GD O SOSDSB9000() _ Sea GG OOU Os SoOCOm— SS el 7 < S \ Qe 35 , G : 9000S FBO5009 © 000% | Sees (| oe S 00900 Cass DS 000 0000 Bea Sseo2 0) 00 \ W000 SOO U9 y 194 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOR als LANES, wil Figs. 1-2. Peyssonelia mexicana Dawson. Fig. 1. Schematic repre- sentation of a vertical section through a tetrasporangial thallus of the type, showing the thick perithallus of ascending cell rows and the extensive, elevated nema- thecium, X 77. Fig. 2. A paraphysis 133 uw long from the same specimen. Figs. 3-4. Peyssonelia pacifica Kylin. Fig. 3. Schematic repre- sentation of a vertical section through a tetrasporangial thallus from Point Fermin, Calif., showing the non- elevated nemathecium and small sporangia, X 70. Fig. 4. A paraphysis 74 u long from the same specimen. Figs. 5-6. Peyssonelia guadalupensis Dawson. Fig. 5. Schematic representation of a vertical section through a_tetra- sporangial thallus of the type, showing the thick, elevated nemathecium, large sporangia and multi- cellular rhizoids, X 75. Fig. 6. A paraphysis 170 w long from the same specimen showing the catenate upper cells. Figs. 7-8. Ethelia mexicana Dawson. Fig. 7. Schematic repre- sentation of a vertical section through a tetrasporangial portion of the type, showing both ascending and de- sending portions of the perithallus, the sunken ne- mathecia and small sporangia, X 46. Fig. 8. Schematic representation of a vertical section cut radially through the marginal part of the type, showing many pluricellu- lar rhizoids and the development of the ascending and descending perithallus cell rows from a_ horizontal mesothallus, X 60. Fig. 9. Cruortella hancocktit Dawson. Schematic representa- tion of a vertical section through a_ tetrasporangial thallus of the type collection, showing the prominent stratification of the thick thallus and a small, immersed tetrasporangial nemathecium, X 64. Figs. 10-11. Peyssonelia clarionensis Vaylor. Fig. 10. Schematic re- presentation of a vertical section through the tetra- sporangial type specimen, showing the elevated nema- thecium and ascending perithallus cell rows, X 92. Fig. 11. A paraphysis 110 « long from the same speci- men. Figs. 12-13. Peyssonelia conchicola Picc. & Grun. Fig. 12. Schematic representation of a vertical section through a tetra- sporangial nemathecium of Howell 892, Bahia San Lucas, Baja Calif., showing an elevated nemathecium and the prominently ascending perithallus cell-rows, X 156. Fig. 13. Two of the short, coarse paraphyses (85 u long) from the same specimen. No. | DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. II aN al . MN 2\\ Mint \ 196 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PEA 12 Fig. 1. Acrochaetium sinicolum (Dawson) Papenfuss. Habit of a plant of the type collection. X 161. Fig. 2. Acrochaetium hancockit (Dawson) Papenfuss. Basal part of a filament of the type collection. X 462. Helminthocladia californica (J. Ag.) Kylin. Part of a plant from Point Dume, southern California. X 0.7. Figs.4-5. Gelidiella_ stichidiospora Dawson, from the type col- lection. Fig. 4. Part of a mature tetrasporangial plant to show habit. X 50. Fig. 5. A tetrasporangial stichidium shown semi-diagramatically in median optical view. X 156. Figs. 6-7. Gelidiella hancockii Dawson. Fig. 6. Habit of a plant from Isla Angel de la Guarda, D. 288-40. X 4.6. Fig. 7. A tetrasporangial branchlet from the type collection. XC BA = gg =>) PAZ DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 198 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL: PIP Adi Eas Porphyra hollenbergit Dawson. Part of the type col- lection. Porphyra pendula Dawson. Part of the type collection. fy, No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO Pras 200 Fig. 1. Vig. 2. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 14 Liagora farinosa Lamx. An antheridial specimen from Isia Guadalupe, D. 8475. Porphyra natadum var. australis Dawson. Part of the type collection. VOL. 17 No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 14 Wot 202 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. RAVAGE IS Nemalion pulvinatum Grunow. Part of a collection from Bahia Agua Verde, Baja Calif., D. 7128. Liagora abbottae Dawson. The type specimen. 1) Pit, 15) MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON : 1 NO. 204 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLS li = PVATES 16 Fig. 1. Liagora californica Zeh. A cystocarpic specimen from Isla Guadalupe, D. 8478a. Fig. 2. Liagora magniinvolucra Dawson. A specimen from the type collection. PL. 16 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO No. 1 206 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS WO REAR 7, Fig. 1. Liagora ortentalis J. Agardh. A specimen from 11 miles west of Punta Malarrimo, Baja Calif., D. 10019. X 0.9. hies2 Galaxaura arborea Wjellm. A specimen from Cabeza Ballena, Baja Calif., D. 3328. X 0.9. Fig. 3. Liagora ceranoides f. leprosa (J. Ag.) Yamada, A specimen from Isla Guadalupe, D. 9928. X 0.9. No. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXiCO Pre, us aaa if. sk, id lee o Ria ees at : bf F AH \y ENR ied if ‘dpe ME.) Tx + Oy 208 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL uly PICA, 18 Fig. 1 Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot. A specimen from Punta Descanso, Baja Calif. Fig. 2 Galaxaura veprecula Kjellm. A specimen from near Punta Frailes, Baja Calif., D. 3156. NO. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO lobe, Ike! 210 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PLATE 19 Fig. 1. Galaxaura squalida Kjellm. A specimen from Cabeza Ballenay Baya Calit. Dy 3337 Xa0:9: Galaxaura filamentosa Chou. Part of the type collection. xX 0.9. Fig. iS) No. | DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO ewes} ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 1S) poe bho PLATE 20 Fig. 1. Galaxaura subfruticulosa Chou. A specimen from Punta Palmilla, Baja Calif., D. 3215b. Fig. 2. Galaxaura fastigiata Decaisne. A specimen from Ca- beza Ballena, Baja Calif., D. 6755a. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PLZ ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. RIVAGRE SZ Scinaia johnstoniae Setchell. A specimen from Isla Tiburon, Gulf of Calit., D. 137-40. Gelidium sonorense Dawson. Part of the type collection. 17 No. 1 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 21 216 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PLATE 22 Fig. 1. Gelidium dectduum Dawson. Part of a topotype col- lection, D. 6795. Figs. 2-3. Gelidium coronadense Dawson. Fig. 2. A_tetrasporic plant from the type collection. Fig. 3. A carposporic plant from the type collection. No. l DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO Pie 22 218 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PLATE 23 Fig. 1. Pikea californica Harvey. A specimen from Punta Baja, Baja Calif., D. 1302. Fig. 2. Leptocladia binghamiae J. Agardh. A tetrasporic plant from Punta Descanso, Baja Calif., D. 5299. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO jE bys 220 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PVA E24: Fig. 1. Cruortella fissurata Dawson. The type specimen. X 0.9. Fig. 2. Bossea cooperi Dawson. The type specimen. X 0.9. pL. 24 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 1 O. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Leben ILI, 25) Corallina gracilis var. verticillata Dawson. Part of the type collection. X 0.9. Bossea insularis Dawson & Silva. A cystocarpic plant from Isla Cedros, D. 6543. X 0.9. Corallina gracilis Lamx. A specimen from Islas San Benito, Baja Calif., D. 9114. X 0.9. no. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 20 224 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PLAGE, 26 ipriee; 3h. Amphiroa taylorit Dawson. The type specimen. X 0.9. Fig. 2. Bossea ligulata Dawson. A specimen from the type collection. X 0.9. PL. 26 MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON Or 226 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PALAIS, 27 Jania natalensis Harvey. Two specimens Punta Descanso, Baja Calif., D. 213. X 0.87. Jania decussato-dichotoma (Yendo) Yendo. A speci- men from Bahia Agua Verde, Baja Calif., D. 7141. XG OMe Jania longiarthra Dawson. The type specimen. X 0.87. Amphiroa drouetii Dawson. Two examples from the type collection. X 0.87. from near VOL. 17 No. | DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 2 Zz ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. RVAW E28 Fig. 1. Corallina officinalis var. chilensis (Decaisne) Kiitz. A specimen from Cabo Colnett, Baja Calif., D. 53. XE 1058/7. Corallina vancouveriensis Yendo. A specimen from Rio San Telmo, Baja Calif., D. 147. X 0.87. PES Zo MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON No. | © hg —& 230 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VODs. BIAVIER 29 Bical Amphiroa subcylindrica Dawson. A specimen from the type collection. X 0.82. Fig. 2 Corallina polysticha Dawson. A specimen from the type £ ] Oey _ collection. X 0.82. Fig. 3 Amphiroa annulata Lemoine. A specimen from Aca- pulco, Guerrero, D. 3908. X 0.82. 29 MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. DAWSON : NO. bo ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VObe lay PLATE 30 Corallina pinnatifolia var. digitata Dawson. Several specimens from the type collection. X 0.87. Amphiroa magdalenensis Dawson. Several specimens from the type collection. X 0.87. No. l DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 30 234 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLS. ANIOIS, “Sil Fig. 1. Jania tenella var. zacae Dawson. Several specimens from the type collection, growing on old Padina. X 1.8. Fig. 2. Amphiroa brevianceps Dawson. Several specimens from the type collection. X 0.9. Piao MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON : 1 NO. iS) Ww Ov Figs. 1-2. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOR ii BATE as2 Bossea sagittata Dawson & Silva. Fig. 1. Three examples from Santa Barbara Island, Calif. (Silva 4412) repre- senting the corymbosely branched form. X 0.85. Fig. 2. An example from Santa Cruz Island, Calif. (Silva 2691) representing the form with more irregularly branched upper parts. X 0.85. Plo MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON No. | me = & “ae sao = ot 238 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PIL ANINB, 3 Fig. 1. Cruortella hancockii Dawson. A specimen from Bahia Asuncion, Baja Calif., D. 9186. X 0.87. Fig. 2. Peyssonelia clarionensis Taylor. A specimen from the type collection. X 0.87. Figs. 3-4. Peyssonelia guadalupensis Dawson. Two examples from the type collection. X 0.87. No. 1 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO USS, MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PART 2 CRYPTONEMIALES (Continued ) E. YALE Dawson The following represents a continuation of the studies of Pacific Mexican Red Algae of which Part 1 (Bangiales to Cryptonemiales subf. Corallinoideae) was published recently in Allan Hancock Pacific Ex- peditions, volume 17, number 1. The treatment of the Cryptonemiales is here completed with the exception of the Melobesioideae. The difficult study of these plants has been delayed awaiting the appearance of Lucile Roush Mason’s monograph of the species of this group occurring along Pacific North America north of Mexico. The general features and some of the ecological relationships of the marine flora of Pacific Mexico have been presented elsewhere by the writer (Dawson 1944, 1949, 1951). The reader is referred to these papers pending the appearance of a more comprehensive account of the ecology and geographic distribution which is intended to follow the systematic parts. All collection numbers cited with the prefix “D.” are those of the - author. The dates of collection are as follows: 16-1094, January- February 1946; 1095-1645, April 1946; 1646-1989, May 1946; 2756- 3145, October 1946; 3146-3581, November 1946; 3582-3764, December 1946; 3765-3940, January-February 1947; 5143-5312, September 1948; 6462-7278, 7795-7810, March 1949; 8124-8917, December 1949- January 1950; 9044-9554, April-May 1950; 9624-10095, April 1951; 10279-10288, August 1951; 10289-10586, October-November 1951; 10672-10691, December 1951; 10742-11040, May-June 1952. Numbers from series earlier than 1946 are followed by the last two digits of the year of collection: 265-40. ; Distribution records are given from north to south for the sake of consistency, the Gulf of California following Pacific Baja California. Representative examples of all collections cited are deposited in the Herbarium of the Allan Hancock Foundation (HAHF) unless other- wise indicated. [ 241] 242 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 As a number of specimens and data have been contributed by others, and as new material continues to come in, acknowledgement for these will in most cases be postponed until completion of the systematic parts of this series. A comprehensive key to the genera and species of Mexican Rhodo- phyta will accompany the concluding part on this group in a later volume. The descriptions of the species are for the most part drawn up from, and intended to represent, the plants as they occur in the Mexican flora. On this account, there may be instances in which the description does not represent satisfactorily a variant of a given species from another part of its range. Translation of the formal diagnoses into Latin was done by Dr. Robert B. Cross. September 17, 1952 NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 243 Dermocorynidaceae With a single species in the Mexican flora. Dermocorynus occidentalis Hollenberg Hollenberg 1940, p. 868, figs. 1-6. The following is a quotation of Hollenberg’s original description: “Plants forming thin, brownish red, horizontally expanded thalli, 1-3 cm. diam., bearing numerous erect simple fruiting branches 1-2 mm. high; basal thallus 50-100-(170) p thick, composed of erect filaments of cells mostly 4-6 » diam. and sometimes grading into a more or less evi- dent hypothallus of several layers of larger horizontally elongate cells; fruiting branches usually simple, narrowed at the base, and composed of longitudinal branching medullary filaments and forking anticlinal corti- cal filaments; tetrasporic branches somewhat flattened; cystocarpic branches cylindrical or somewhat flattened ; tetrasporangia 12-16 x 22-26 p, scattered over the entire surface of the fruiting branches, cruciately divided ; cystocarps one to several, 90-130 » diam., embedded in the erect branches, often bulging, but without pore or perithecium; carpospores 10-15 » diam., in a dense globular mass.” Type: Holotype not designated. Tetrasporic and cystocarpic syn- types are represented respectively by numbers 650, Feb. 2, 1935, and 2408, Dec. 8, 1938, in the herbarium of G. J. Hollenberg, University of ° Redlands, California. TYPE LocaLity: Emerald Bay, Laguna Beach, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—Punta Banda (spec- imen in Herb. Hollenberg). No new material has been examined and nothing more can be added at this time to Hollenberg’s thoroughgoing account of this species and of the family Dermocorynidaceae. Grateloupiaceae Key To THE MEXICAN GENERA 1. Thalli parasitic on Zanardinula, small, pulvinate . CARRS ay eos ak a eee 286 iA Thalli o not ene ae its see 2. Medulla prominent, Here ly Peed eres abe ments; tetrasporangia in nemathecial sori . . . . 3 244 ~ ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS vou. 17 2. Medulla narrow to very broad, not dense, but consisting of loosely arranged to sparse filaments in a soft jelly, or sometimes a hollow or nearly so; tetrasporangia not in nemathecial sori Boe a EE) Oe ge ier Thalli with determinate or Die er neke secondary pinnate branches upon which the nemathecial tetrasporic sori are borne (in some species also on terminal segments) § Zanardinula p. Thalli mainly dichotomously branched, without prominent secondary pinnae; tetrasporic nemathecia borne near apices of terminal segments ... are Te Polyopes p. 4. Medullary filaments prominent or dominantly anti- clinal (sometimes oblique), many extending across the medulla from cortex to cortex . Halymenia p. 4. Medullary filaments igh aii and mostly longitudin- ally arranged ; 4 Cortex thin, of 2-3 layers of rere to Peeing eats not ieee ing any arrangement as anticlinal filaments; thallus generally not lubricous .. . . « Cryptonemia p. Outer cortex composed ai very small cells arranged in anti- clinal filaments; thallus generally lubricous Grateloupia p. Key TO THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF GRATELOUPIA Medullary filaments mostly 5-7 » in diam., mostly of cells many times as long as wide; dry material expanding readily in water Medullary Alanientt BE osely 15- 20 p in Hane Hoel of ane only a few diameters long; dry material expanding poorly in water; reproduction unknown oes 2. Broader erect thallus parts 6 mm. or tes in width 2. Broader thallus parts more than 6 mm. in width Thalli simple, 10-30 cm. wide . . . . =. G. maxima Thalli usually branched, 1-6 cm. wide 4. Blade surfaces smooth or bearing proliferous braact lets 4. Blade surfaces covered with spinose, gigartinoid papil- LaACiONSe hea ene Sieh ue, eG ROLE? Uninjured_ blades nonnell auanle or once or twice divided, not pinnate unless proliferously so PELE Sa FRAN | ean Uninjured blades normally pinnate . . . G. prolongata 275 265 267 5 244 “I Qn NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 245 6. Blades solitary, or rarely more than 2 from the attach- ment disc, 15-100 cm. long, 1.5-6 cm. broad; medullary filaments sath arranged and interlacing G. sehcoaniila 6. Biaies ever al to many fom the attachment disc, 10-25 cm. long, 0.7-2.5 cm. broad; medullary filaments rather compactly and mostly longitudinally arranged G. Data ip Brenchine EP eeons see é 8 7. Branching dichotomous, Fabellate! aanate or Seeeiae but distichous rather than multifarious . . 9 8. Thalli 8-12 (20) cm. high or more; neat ate very loose, often hollow ... 1) van DGeyilicina 8. Thalli 2-3 (7) cm. high; piecull) never hollow G. hancockit 9. Branching forall ee alae Breede. thallus parts over 3 mm. roadie geil 4a te oie, GS abreviata 9. Branching of gees Hades oe pinnate; broader thallus parts over 3 mm. broad . . .. G. prolongata 9. Branching wholly or partly dichotomous; broader thallus parts under 2.5 mm. broad. °. . : ied 10. Broader mature thallus parts Saree Reaenie in part pinnate . + . G. versicolor 10. Thallus uniformly soleeed Gescsieues branching dicho- tomo-flabellate . . Ph ae. (Ge dactylifera 11. Thalli smooth except for shake, subulate ultimate pinnules Bt his G.? johnstonii ale phere thallus ee ek ane ieee branched spines G.? squarrulosa Grateloupia maxima (Gardner) Kylin Pl. 1, fig. 1 Kylin 1941, p. 10, fig. 2C; Doty 1947, p. 171. Grateloupia cutleriae forma maxima Gardner (1911), in Collins, Holden & Setchell, P.B.A., fasc. E., no. CX XIV. Thalli consisting of a simple, + lanceolate, membranous blade 1-2.5 m. long, 10-30 cm. wide and about 150-200 (250) yp thick, entire or slightly lobed in upper parts, the margins sometimes undulate, cuneate at the base to a very small, discoid attachment less than 2 mm. in dia- meter; cortex rather thin, the anticlinal filaments usually of 3-4 very 246 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 small cells; medulla of sparse, ramified, slender filaments ; tetrasporangia scattered through the cortex just below the surface, 18-25 y» long, ovate, appearing rather conspicuously large in the cortex, which is not ne- mathecially modified; gonimoblast development apparently as in G. filicina; cystocarps scattered through the thallus, embedded on either side beneath a small ostiole, their development causing a slight to moder- ate elevation of the thallus surface; antheridia entirely superficial, pro- duced over whole thallus surface beneath a thin, colorless surface matrix. The above description is drawn up from type material. Type: Holotype not designated. Syntypes collected by N. L. Gardner, June 10, 1906, were distributed as no. CXXIV, A-B, in Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. The material in HAHF includes & 9 and @ specimens. TYPE LocALity: On rocks at low tide level, Fort Point, San Francisco, California. (Some of Gardner’s Fort Point material is labeled “34 mile inside the bay from the Fort.’’ ) MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 161, in drift 1 mile south of Cabo Colnett, Jan.; D. 8673, fragments in drift along bay shore southeast of Punta Baja, Jan. This species appears usually to be of sublittoral occurrence along the Pacific Coast from Oregon to Baja California. Its very small holdfast would seem to make it ill-suited to intertidal localities except in such favorably protected ones as near Fort Point within San Francisco Bay. In southern California specimens have been dredged from a depth of 26 meters off San Pedro (D. 8116). It is interesting to note that both Mexican collections are from areas of minimum inshore temperature for that coast (Dawson 1951). Grateloupia howei Setchell & Gardner Pl. 1, fig. 2; Pl. 6, fig. 47 Setchell and Gardner 1924, p. 782, pl. 83; Dawson 1944, p. 281; Dawson 1950, p. 153, fig. 28. Gigartina eatoniana J. Ag., as interpreted by Dawson 1944, p. 301. Mature thalli 10-30 cm. high, consisting of one to several complan- ate, variously pinnately branched, divided and (or) lobed blades from a small discoid holdfast; branches initiated early in juvenile plants, with narrow segments (1-2 mm.), the lower ones remaining narrow and com- pressed in age; blades expanding gradually from narrow basal parts to (10)-15-30 mm. in width (rarely to 50 mm.), sometimes remaining sub- simple or only dichotomously divided but more commonly becoming NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 247 irregularly and proliferously pinnate from the margins, 450-800 thick, all flattened blade-parts at maturity developing numerous short, gigarti- noid, spinose papillations over all surfaces and margins; texture lubric- ous when fresh, drying to rough coriaceous; cortex 8-10 cells thick, the outer 4-5 cells very small, pigmented and forming regular anticlinal filaments; medulla of a loose network of slender, branched filaments 2.5-3.0 « in diameter; tetrasporangia not in sori, embedded in the cortex just below the surface of all upper thallus parts, 32-40 » long, 9-14 p wide, causing some nemathecial modification of cortical filaments ; carpo- gonial branches 2-celled; gonimoblast development apparently as in G. filicina; cystocarps scattered over the blades, appearing as minute warts on the surface of dried plants among the larger spinose papillae; anther- idia borne in a continuous superficial layer over entire blade, causing some nemathecial modification of outermost cortex. Type: Holotype is Johnston 113, April 1921, on sheet 1370 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cali- fornia. Type Locauity: Isla San Esteban, Gulf of California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 8356, Isla Guadalupe, Dec.; D. 9770 (2), Isla Cedros, Apr.; D. 9075, Islas San Benito, Apr.; D. 1622, near Punta Maria, Apr.; D. 9206 (2), Bahia Asuncié6n, Apr.; D. 9459 (G), Punta Abreojos, Apr. Gulf of Calif. D. 696, Puerto Libertad, Feb.; D. 769, Isla Patos, Feb.; D. 1062, Isla Alcatraz, Feb.; D. 91-40, Isla Tiburén, Jan.; Johnston 113, Isla San Esteban, Apr.; D. 568, Feb., D. 1826, D. 1834 (@), D. 1835 (o&), D. 1860 (9), D. 1907 (9), D. 1938 (9), D. 1939 (?), May, D. 3516, Nov., Ensenada de San Francisco, near Guaymas; D. 1655, Bahia Car- rizal, near Cabo Arco, May; D. 537-538 (juvenile), Feb., D. 1804, May, Punta Colorado, near Guaymas. Sinaloa—D. 10836 (depauperate ), Mazatlan, June. The illustration of the type specimens (Setchell and Gardner 1924, pl. 83) shows only the broad fronds of mature plants with unusually simple blades. As a rule, the plants are much more abundantly branched, mainly pinnately, and the marginal and surface papillations may be in- determinate to the extent of causing the frond to appear proliferous. A very lubricous texture is characteristic of the species and distinguishes it readily in the field from superficially similar specimens of Gigartina (as G. armata at Isla Cedros). Juvenile specimens are only slightly papillate and show a usually abundant branching of the several suberect blades arising from a common discoid holdfast. 248 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 The recognition of this species at Isla Guadalupe and at several stations along Pacific Baja California gives it a much wider distribution than was at first supposed. The Pacific Coast specimens, although mostly less mature than some of those collected in the Gulf of California, tend to be somewhat narrower on the whole, and less densely papillate. Some of them show much greater similarity to Grateloupia denticulata Mont. than did the material compared with that species by Howe and con- sidered distinct (Setchell and Gardner 1924, p. 782). A reappraisal of Howe’s opinion now seems justified and should be based upon compari- son of an ample series of Peruvian specimens with the Mexican ones. Grateloupia prolongata J. Agardh Pl. 7, fig. 49 J. Agardh 1847, p. 10; Kiitzing 1867, Tab. Phyc. 17, pl. 24; Set- chell and Gardner 1924, p. 780, pl. 80; Yendo 1914, p. 279; Dawson 1944, p. 279; Dawson 1945a, p. 24; Dawson 1945c, p. 66, fig. 1; Daw- son 1949, p. 234-235. Thalli consisting of several to many branched, ligulate blades from a small discoid holdfast, 8-20 cm. (or sometimes to 50 cm.) tall; pri- mary blades arising from short, compressed, stipitate parts a few mm. long, expanding cuneately to 2.5-10 mm. (sometimes 2-3 cm.) wide, 250-400 , thick, abundantly pinnately branched, the pinnae narrowed to the base and expanding above like the primary blade, to 15 cm. long or more, often in turn pinnately short-branched; older parts commonly with scattered, short, slender, proliferous branchlets from the blade sur- face; cortex dense, of anticlinal filaments of 5-6 small cells from 1-2 layers of larger, irregularly shaped cells bordering on the loosely fila- mentous medulla; medulla sometimes with such sparse filaments as to appear almost as a hollow; tetrasporangia not in sori, borne in the outer cortex without nemathecial modification; cystocarps embedded in the blade, ostiolate, causing slight elevation of the surface, borne most abund- antly in younger branches; antheridia not seen. Type: Holotype is 4 collection by Liebmann in the Agardh Herb- arium, University of Lund, Sweden. A fragment and slides showing structure are in HAHF. Type Locatity: “Pochette,” Pacific Mexico, probably somewhere on the coast of Oaxaca. PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTION: California—Cooper 410, Ventura; Silva 53, Whites Point, San Pedro, Oct.; Burch 3912, Laguna Beach, NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 249 July; Dawson, Mar. 11, 1945, La Jolla (Herb. UC). Pacific Baja Calif.—D. 93-45, 161-45, Apr. (Herb. UC), D. 5284, Sept., Punta Descanso; D. 5153, Cabo Colnett, Sept.; D. 9788, Isla Cedros, Apr. ; D. 1611, near Punta Maria, Apr.; D. 10349, Punta San Eugenio, Nov. Gulf of Calif—Johnston 25, Bahia San Francisquito, June (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.) ; D. 443-40, Feb., Johnston 53a, Apr., Isla San Este- ban; D. 996, Feb., Johnston 87, July (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.), Isla Partida; D. 1035, Isla Rasa, Feb.; D. 777, Isla Patos, Feb.; D. 1840 (@), D. 1844 (@), D. 1902 (9), D. 1930 (@), May, D. 10985 (@ 2), June, D. 3498, Nov., Ensenada San Francisco, near Guaymas ; D. 481, D. 530, Feb., D. 1719, D. 1723, May, Ensenada Bocochibampo, near Guaymas; Drouet & Richards 3407, Punta San Pedro, near Guay- mas, Dec.; D. 1657, Bahia Carrizal, near Cabo Arco, May; D. 1786, D. 1797, Punta Colorado, near Guaymas, May. Oaxaca—D. 3808, Jan., D. 10759, May (small and sparse), Salina Cruz. This species is another extremely variable Grateloupia in which the type specimen is poorly representative. Kiitzing’s habit illustration shows the main axes proportionally broader than they should have been drawn, and the illustration of the transection does not correctly show the net- work of slender filaments of the medulla. The type has been compared as completely as the material warrants with specimens from Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, which appear with little doubt to be the same species as that collected by Liebmann. These show, despite their variability, a char- ~ acteristic pinnate branching which can be recognized in many other collections from more northern stations in Mexico. The extensive series of specimens now at hand shows this species as it may occur under many different conditions. In intertidal situations it is often to be found in rather warm pools. This is especially true of its occurrence along Pacific Baja California. It reaches its most luxuriant development in the central Gulf of California where it commonly occurs in the sublittoral region. In the Guaymas area it matures in summer and often reaches large size. Specimens found in drift along Ensenada San Francisco near Puerto San Carlos are commonly 40-50 cm. tall and with primary blades 2-3 cm. wide. Despite this range in size, it may be recognized by the following combination of characters: the several fronds from a common attach- ment, their substipitate bases, the abundant, rather regular, pinnate branching, often of 3 orders, the frequent production of soft, linear, pro- liferous branchlets from the blade surface, and the rather thick cortex. 250 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 In younger stages G. prolongata lacks the simple blades such as are found in G. schizophylla. Unlike G. howei, it lacks the short, spinose papillations of the blade. All but a few of the specimens at hand are tetrasporangial. Japanese specimens from Bosyu province appear to be indistinguish- able from some of the Gulf of California examples. Grateloupia schizophylla Kiitzing Pl. 1, figs. 3-6; pl. 8, fig. 50 Kiitzing 1867, Tab. Phyc. 17, p. 11, pl. 36; Howe 1914, p. 168, pl. 61-62; Taylor 1947, p. 73. Grateloupia californica (invalid for want of Latin diagnosis) Kylin 1941, p. 9, fig. 2B, pl. 1; Smith 1944, p. 239, pl. 55, figs. 1-2; Dawson 1945c, p. 60, 66; Doty 1947, p. 170; Dawson 1949, p. 222, 225; Dawson 1951, p. 53; Dawson 1952, p. 431. Thalli membranous, ligulate, simple or divided, 15-100 cm. long, 1.5-5 (6) cm. broad, subentire to variously lacerate or proliferous, usually solitary, or rarely more than two blades from a small attachment disc; stipe short, cylindrical, simple or forked, usually narrowly cuneate to the blade; blades linear-lancolate to ligulate, commonly once incised longitudinally or divided above, compound and much dissected and pro- liferous, or sometimes simple, the segments usually attenuated apically, the margins entire or provided with spine-like lacerations, or the mar- gins and blade surfaces with sparse or abundant blade-like proliferations ; transection 160 to 400 » thick, the anticlinal cortical filaments of 4-7 cells, becoming somewhat nemathecioid in mature tetrasporangial parts; tetrasporangia not in sori, scattered through the cortex just below the surface, elongate-ellipsoidal, or sometimes ovoid, 25-35 p» long; cysto- carps embedded on either side of thallus, scattered, but tending to be aggregated in small groups, causing little elevation of the surface, the pedicellate carpospore-masses commonly about 150 p» in diameter ; anther- idia superficial, + continuous over the blade surface, causing slight ne- mathecial modification of the cortex. Type: Holotype not specifically designated, but the original ma- terial is on a sheet marked “Herb. Lugd. Bat. no. 941, 78-4” in the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands. TYPE Locality: Chile. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 151, Jan., D. 5222, D. 5143, Sept., Cabo Colnett; D. 1220, Socorro, Apr.; D. 1145, Apr., D. 8837, Jan., Punta Baja; D. 1529, near Punta Maria, Apr.; D. 9795, Bahia del Sur, Isla Cedros, Apr. (juvenile plants) ; D. 9260, Isla Magdalena, May. NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 251 Recent authors dealing with the northeast Pacific algal flora have followed Kylin (1941) in recognizing this variable and widespread species as distinct from the South American Grateloupia cutleriae assem- blage. Kylin, however, failed to validate his name (G. californica) by giving a Latin diagnosis. A comparison of a number of Mexican and United States specimens with plants from Callao, Peru, identified by Taylor as G. schizophylla Kiitz., has led me to the feeling that the North and South American plants are probably conspecific, and that all of them may best be dealt with at the present time under Kiitzing’s valid name. The specimens of G. schizophylla examined from Peru are undoubtedly the same as those illustrated by Howe (1914, pl. 61-62) and seem rea- sonably identifiable with Kiitzing’s plant from Chile (Tab. Phyc. 17, pl. 36). The distinctions between these and G. cutleriae Kiitz., which is said by Kylin to be larger, broader and more coriaceous than California plants, are still not clear. A closer study of variability in the Chilean material is necessary. Among Californian and Mexican plants placed here one finds tetrasporangial examples in which the structure exactly matches that illustrated by Kiitzing (1843, pl. 77, fig. III) for G. cut- leriae. Furthermore, collections are present in which plants range in blade-width from 1.7 cm. to 5 or even 6 cm. As Howe (1914) has pointed out, Halymenia ? doryophora Montagne, from Callao, Peru, also remains to be identified in the field, and may prove to be the oldest name for this polymorphic species. Although the species presents many variations in size, thickness, branching and proliferation, it appears that excessive branching and proliferation are due largely to an ability to regenerate from almost any part following injury. Plants which have not been attacked by animals or damaged by surf appear in the majority of cases to have solitary, simple or once-forked blades. Lateral and superficial proliferations may develop with age on plants which are at first simple and entire. The range of this species along the North American coast appears to extend from the region of Puget Sound-to Isla Magdalena, Baja Cali- fornia. In the southern part of the range in Baja California the plants are rare and confined to favorable cool-water regions of upwelling. Grateloupia multiphylla sp. nov. Pl. 9, fig. 51 Thallis ad 25 cm. longis, complanatis; laminis compluribus vel mul- tis e basi communi, lineolanceolatis, simplicibus vel semel furcatis prope basim, attenuatis, 7-13 mm. latis, 150-250 u crassis ; marginibus integris ; medulla paulo densa, e filamentis plerumque longitudinaliter dispositis. 252 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. L7 Thalli to 25 cm. long, complanate except at the very base, consisting of several to many flat, linear-lanceolate blades from a relatively small discoid holdfast; blades simple or commonly once forked near the base, sometimes once divided above or proliferous when injured, narrow-cun- eate below to a short, compressed or flattened stipitate base, attenuate above, 7-13 mm. broad, or sometimes to 25 mm., 150-250 p thick, the margins normally entire; medulla rather dense, mostly of longitudinally arranged filaments about 5 » in diameter except along the margins next to the cortex; cortical filaments of 5-6 (7) cells; tetrasporangia cruciate, 25-30 » long, 11-15 » wide, scattered through the cortex just below the surface, causing little or no nemathecial modification; sexual plants not seen. Type: Holotype is D. 9270, May 2, 1950, on sheet 59322, includ- ing vial 4172, in HAHF. Type LOCALITY: Rocks near low tide line, Punta Entrada, Isla Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 9502, Punta Abreojos, Apr.; D. 9077, south shore, Isla Este, Islas San Benito, Apr. This species shows several superficial characters in common with G. schizophylla, but unlike that plant has numerous blades arising from a common base, and has a moderately dense medulla. It is also con- siderably smaller overall than examples of G. schizophylla from Baja California. Grateloupia filicina (Wulfen) C. Agardh C. Agardh 1822, p. 223; Dawson 1950, p. 155, fig. 29 (as var. lomentaria Howe). Fucus filicinus Wulfen, in Jacquin 1786-1796, p. 157, pl. 15, f. 2. Lomentaria drouetii Dawson 1944, p. 309, pl. 46, figs. 1-2, pl. 74, fig. 2. Thalli 8-12, or to 20 cm. high, lubricous, consisting of one to several abundantly multifariously branched, percurrent or indefinite cylindrical to compressed axes from a simple discoid holdfast ; primary axes common- ly 1.5-2 mm. in diameter, sometimes to 3 mm., giving rise to 2 or more orders of more slender, long-attenuated branchlets, the ultimate ones less than 200 » in diameter ; transection of upper thallus parts showing a very extensive medulla of sparse, slender, ramified filaments 7-8 ». in diameter surrounded by a relatively thin rim of solid cortical tissue, or the inner medullary area often in part or entirely hollow; cortex consisting of about 2 partially incomplete inner layers of = rotund cells giving rise to anticlinal filaments of 2-3 smaller cells; tetrasporangia scattered in the No. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 253 cortex throughout the thallus just below the surface, 35-40 p long, 18- 20 » wide, causing some nemathecial modification of the cortex; cysto- carps irregularly scattered through the thallus, embedded, or sometimes appearing to be suspended just inside the cortex; antheridia not seen. Type: Holotype not designated and whereabouts of original ma- terial unknown to the writer, though possibly among Wulfen collections in the Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria. Type Locatity: Adriatic Sea. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 5260, 3 miles north of Bahia de Todos Santos, Sept. (drift). Gulf of Calif—D. 949, Feb., D. 668-40, July, Isla Tiburén; D. 567 (@), Feb., D. 1812 (@), D. 1841-1842 (@), D. 1922 (@), May, D. 10969, 11021 (9), June, D. 3515 (sterile), Nov., Ensenada San Francisco, near Guaymas; D. 1716a (@), D. 1722 (2), Ensenada Bocochibampo, near Guaymas, May; D. 1994 (@), Punta Colorado, near Guaymas, May; D. 3481 (sterile), Bahia Empalme, Nov.; D. 10939, Punta Prieta, Bahia To- polobampo, June. Sinaloa—D. 3614, Mazatlan, Dec. Nayarit—D. 10851, San Blas, June. A majority of the Mexican specimens have hollow branches and may be recognized as Grateloupia filicina var. lomentaria Howe. Variability in this feature in some of our collections indicates, however, that it prob- ably has no genetic basis. Several forms occur more or less together in intertidal collections from Ensenada de San Francisco, near Guaymas, ~ Sonora, where the plant is exceedingly common in rock pools during early summer. The abundant, slender, multifarious branches and soft, hair-like texture distinguish this plant from other grateloupiae of our coast. The material reported by Taylor (1945) as juvenile Grateloupia filicina from Guerrero, Mexico is not this species, but contains fertile tetrasporic plants apparently identical with Grateloupia versicolor J. Ag. from Oaxaca. The Baja California specimens referred to this species by Dawson (1945c, p. 60, 66, figs. 10-11) have been reéxamined and found by the character of their procarps to belong in the Rhodophyllidaceae, perhaps to Cystoclonium. 254 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL ANE Grateloupia hancockii Dawson Pl. 1, figs. 7-8 Dawson 1944, p. 280, pl. 69, fig. 2; Dawson 1950, p. 155. Thalli, as usually found growing on intertidal rocks, forming dark greenish or brownish clumps 2-3 cm. high, sometimes of looser form and to 7 cm. high when growing in protected pools, consisting of several to many erect, much-branched, mostly non-percurrent axes from a dis- coid holdfast, coriaceous when dry; erect parts compressed to flattened, narrow, mostly 0.5-1.0 mm. wide in mid-parts, 300-400 (or to 700) p thick, branched throughout; branching of 2-3 orders, multifarious, but often appearing predominantly pinnate, mostly irregular, the ultimate branches = acute, less than 0.5 mm. wide, sometimes attenuated ; me- dulla of slender, branched filaments, sparse and interlacing toward the center, denser and mostly longitudinal next to the subcortex; cortex 7-8 cells thick, the 1-2 inner layers of larger cells (12-15 ») bearing anticlinal filaments of small, pigmented cells (5 m or less) ; tetraspor- angia scattered through the essentially unmodified cortex just below the surface; gonimoblast development characteristic of the genus; cysto- carps scattered throughout the thallus, not especially aggregated ; anther- idia borne in an indeterminate superficial layer from somewhat nema- thecially modified outer cortical cells. Tyre: Holotype is Dawson 650-40, July 15, 1940, on sheet 30 in HAHF. Type Locatity: Middle littoral rocks on headland three miles north of Kino, Sonora, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Sonora—D. 711-40 (young @), Isla Turner, Jan.; D. 1648 (¢), near Cabo Arco, May; D. 1765 (9), Bahia Bocochibampo, May; D. 1843 (<), Ensenada de San Francisco, May. The fertile material now available marks this plant distinctly as a species of Grateloupia. Its nearest apparent relative is G. avalona Daw- son, from Santa Catalina Island, California, which is similar in habit, color and structure, but has among its differences a medulla of cells whose exceedingly hygroscopic walls cause sections of dry material to turn inside out when placed in water. Such a feature has not been noted in G. hancockii. From small clumping examples of Grateloupia filicina in the Gulf of California area, G. hancochii is distinguished by the distinctly non-hollow medulla and the stiffer, relatively coarse branches. This species appears commonly to be the host of endophytic Cal- lithamnion endovaginum 8. & G. NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 255 Grateloupia abreviata Kylin Pl. 10, fig. 52 Kylin 1941, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 3 (invalid for want of Latin diagnosis) ; Hollenberg 1948, p. 157. Inasmuch as material is at hand from Punta Banda, Baja California, which seems clearly identical with the plant described and figured by Kylin from La Jolla, California, it seems justifiable to present here a Latin diagnosis in order to validate Kylin’s name for the species. Kylin’s short description and remarks are quoted below in full, although the illustration presented here is of the Punta Banda plant. “Grateloupia abreviata Kylin nov. sp.—Taf. 2 Fig. 3. “Thallus 3-5 cm. hoch, abgeflacht, unregelmassig gabelig verzweigt ; Aste 2-3 mm. breit, oft mit kleinen Prolifikationem von dem Rande; Rindengewebe mit 6-7 Zellschichten; Thallus tief rotviolett, etwas knorpelig. “La Jolla; an Steinen in der mittleren Litoralregion; mit Tetra- sporangien im Juni.” Thallo 3-5 cm. alto, complanato, irregulariter dichotomose rami- ficato; ramulis 2-3 mm. latis, saepe proliferationibus exiguis e margin- ibus; cortice e 6-7 stratis cellularibus; thallo fusco rubido-porphyreo, paulum cartilagineo. Thalli 3-5 (or to 7) cm. high, consisting of one or a few much- branched and divided, flat blades from a fleshy holdfast which may be in part discoid and partly clasping or surrounding coralline algal bases or debris on the substrate; erect parts at first substipitate, compressed, about 1.5 mm. broad, once or more times irregularly branched within 1 cm. of the base and the branches expanded gradually to 3-6 mm. broad in mid- parts and 400-600 » thick, the margins sometimes tending to be thicker than the middle; upper parts of blades irregularly pinnately, subdichoto- mously or subpalmately branched or lobed and often twisted or more or less contorted, the ultimate segments mostly 1-2 mm. broad; medulla moderately dense, of ramified filaments about 7 » in diameter and more longitudinally arranged toward the center, but outwardly grading directly into the cortex of anticlinal filaments without the occurrence of a subcortex of larger rotund cells, the pigmented cortical filaments of 4-5 cells; tetrasporangia scattered in the cortex throughout upper thallus parts, 33-38 » long, 9-10 » wide; sexual plants not seen. Type: Holotype is a specimen collected by Kylin in June 1922, in the Kylin Herbarium, University of Lund, Sweden. 256 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Type LocaLity: On rocks in the middle littoral, La Jolla, Calif. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—F¥ork, Oct. 13, 1945, Punta Banda. The extremely irregular, mixed dichotomous-pinnate-palmate branch- ing and the flat but thick, + contorted segments are distinctive of this species. Grateloupia versicolor (J. Agardh) J. Agardh Pl. 6, fig. 48 J. Agardh 1847, p. 10. Grateloupia sternbergii var.? versicolor J. Agardh 1851, p. 182; Kylin 1941, fig. 3C, pl. 2, fig. 6. Grateloupia filicina (Wulf.) Ag., as interpreted by Taylor 1945, p. 204. Recent Mexican collections from the tropical cape district of Baja California include ample fertile specimens which are apparently iden- tical with the Liebmann type of Grateloupia vesicolor. The actual type specimens have not been seen, but Kylin (1941) gives a good photograph and a transectional illustration which, together with Agardh’s descrip- tion, are enough to permit me to match my material convincingly. Not only do the Baja California specimens agree well, but so also do collec- tions from southern Sinaloa, Guerrero and Oaxaca. All of these have the variegated coloring described by Agardh, and for which the species is named. An examination of the type material of Sphaerococcus sternbergti C. Ag., which Kylin (1941) considered conspecific with Grateloupia veriscolor has not convinced me that the two are identical. Not only is there a marked difference in color and details of branching, but the structure of S. sternbergti appears to be like that of Zanardinula. Inas- much as the origin of S. sternbergii is unknown it seems unwise to at- tempt to identify it with G. versicolor, which can be reéstablished quite clearly through the new collections and may be described as follows: Thalli 3-4.5 cm. high, consisting of several to many narrow, flat- tened, branched erect parts from an irregular discoid holdfast; erect parts arising and branching directly from the holdfast or a short dis- tance above, sometimes substipitate and compressed near the base, irre- gularly dichotomo-pinnate throughout, the segments mostly 1.5-2.0 mm. broad, reaching 3-4 mm. broad above, 300-500 » thick, the main branches linear-lanceolate in general shape, often with short lobe-like proliferous pinnae; color dull purplish, the upper, broader segments with a con- spicuously greenish, variegated coloring ; transection showing a moderate- ly dense medulla of ramified filaments, these mostly longitudinally ar- ranged toward the center, outwardly the cells partially inflated and + No. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 257 arachnoid, grading into the pigmented cortex of anticlinal filaments of 4-5 small cells; tetrasporangia cruciate, scattered through the cortex just below the surface, 30-35 p» long, 10-12 » wide; carpogonial branch systems separate from auxiliary cell systems; gonimoblast development apparently as in G. filicina; cystocarps embedded in the broader upper branches, scattered or more or less aggregated; antheridia in a continu- ous, superficial layer, borne on cortical filaments showing little nema- thecial modification. Type: Holotype not designated, but represented by Liebmann’s original collection in the Agardh Herbarium, University of Lund, Sweden. TYPE LOCALITY: Punta San Agustin, Oaxaca?, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Baja Calif. del Sur—D. 6716, Isla Magdalena, Mar.; D. 6761, Cabeza Ballena, Mar.; Sinaloa—D. 3597, Mazatlan, Dec. Guerrero—Taylor 576-34, Bahia Petatlan, Mar. Oaxaca—D. 3775, Salina Cruz, Jan. A collection seemingly in agreement with the Mexican specimens is also at hand from warm pools at La Jolla, California. Grateloupia dactylifera sp. nov. Pl. 10, fig. 53 Thallis dumum laxum rotundum ad 4 cm. altum, 6 cm. latum form- _ antibus, ubique complanatis; ramificatione dichotomoflabellata, divar- icata, ad ultimum dactyloidea; segmentis brevibus ad 2.5 mm. latis prope basim, ad ultimum acutis ac minoribus quam 1 mm. latis, 200-300 p crassis. Thallus to 4 cm. high and 6 cm. broad, in the form of a loose, rounded clump, complanate throughout, 200-300 » thick, consisting of 1 to several substipitate or sessile, dichotomous, much-branched fronds from a small irregular disc; branching dichotomo-flabellate, divaricate, ultimately dactyloid, the segments very short, broadest near the base (to 2.5 mm.), ultimately acute and less than 1 mm. broad; transection showing a moderately dense to loose medulla of mostly longitudinal filaments about 5 » in diameter, a + indefinite subcortex of angular to arachnoid cells, and an outer cortex of anticlinal filaments of 3-4 small cells about 3-4 » broad, the outer 2-3 pigmented; cystocarps embedded in the thallus on either side, about 120-130 » in diameter, ostiolate, most- ly aggregated on segments near the outside of the clump; carpospore mass subglobose to reniform, pedicellate on the modified auxiliary cell; carpospores about 14 » in greatest diameter; tetrasporangia and anther- idia not seen. 258 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 Type: Holotype is Dawson 1897, May 18, 1946, on sheet 5631, including vial 4176, in HAHF. Type LocaLity: Cast ashore, Ensenada de San Francisco, Sonora, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 7009a, on old breakwater, south side of Bahia San Gabriél, Isla Espiritu Santo, Baja Calif., Mexico, Mar. The three available specimens of this plant, all of them cystrocarpic, are so distinctive in size, branching and habit as to be distinguished readily from the other species treated here. They show some resemblance to Grateloupia dichotoma J. Ag. from the Mediterranean, but lack the pinnate proliferations and blunt ultimate segments of the primary dicho- tomous frond of that species. Grateloupia? squarrulosa Setchell & Gardner Setchell and Gardner 1924, p. 780, pl. 81-82; Dawson 1944, p. 281. Inasmuch as no new material of this plant has been collected little can be added to our knowledge of it. As Setchell and Gardner pointed out, there seems to be marked relationship between this plant and G. johnstonii, although apparent differences are observed in form and posi- tion of the ultimate branches. Structurally they also show a relationship, but one which is not readily assayed. The presence of the peculiar fila- ments of large diameter (up to 20-25 ») in the medulla is particularly striking. Furthermore, the type localities of G. sguarrulosa and G. john- stonii are very near each other. Further field study and the liquid pre- servation of fertile material are needed for the solution of this problem. The original description is quoted here for the convenience of future students of Mexican algae. “Fronds 40-55 cm. high; branching exceedingly variable, of 5-8 orders; main frond more or less percurrent, flat, 5-15 mm. wide, pin- nately branched at the margins, with branches very variable in size, some erect, some patent, others recurved, all with broad bases; the surface, as well as the margins of the main frond, more or less covered with branches, the whole frond thickly beset with short, blunt, branched spines ; reproduction unknown; color dark purplish red.” Type: Holotype is Johnston 60, June 1921, on sheet 1368 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Type LocaLity: Cast ashore, Isla Smith, Gulf of California, Mexico. No. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 259 Grateloupia? johnstonii Setchell & Gardner Setchell and Gardner 1924, p. 782, pl. 84; Dawson 1944, p. 281. Inasmuch as no new material of this plant has been collected, little can be added to our knowledge of it. However, in addition to the short original description which is quoted below with corrections in typography and punctuation, a statement regarding the structure of a branch of the type is added. “Fronds flat, membranaceous, up to 40 cm. high, varying much in width of the same branch in different parts, up to 2 cm.; branching pin- nate, of 5-6 orders; ultimate pinnules short, subulate, acute, perpendicu- lar to the frond; main branches arising at about 45° angle; color coral red; reproduction unknown’’; cortex of pigmented anticlinal filaments of 4-5 cells arising from a subcortical or extramedullary region of loosely arranged, inflated or angular cells 20-30 uw in diameter with prominent interstices ; inner medulla of a loose network of mostly longitudinal fila- ments of rather large diameter (10-20 ») ; a thin, punctate membrane surrounds the cortex and separates from it when dry material is soaked up. Type: Holotype is Johnston 88, July 1921, on sheet 1371 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. TYPE LOCALITY: Cast ashore, Isla Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California, Mexico. The large diameter of the medullary filaments and the poor expan- sion of dry sections upon soaking is unlike other Mexican grateloupiae and suggests that the study of reproductive material may show that this plant belongs to another genus. It will be necessary to collect fertile material both of this species and of G. squarrulosa in order to clarify their mutual relationship and their taxonomic position. KryY TO THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF CRYPTONEMIA 1. Blades usually simple though sometimes lobed or lacerate 2 1. Blades distinctly and repeatedly branched . . . . . 4 2. Blades to 7 cm. broad, 100-200 » thick . . C. obowvata 2. Blades less than 2 cm. broad, less than 100 » thick . . . 3 3. Blades entire, 35-60 p'thick =. . . . C. angustata 3. Blades early splitting and becoming aie lacerated, 80-90 p Chicks) 270) %4 0's yee Go welenoae 4. Blades Heels dichoratuanely branched ; margins entire orfunaulate 152.50)! Bian hy) oe OS puaymasensis 260 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL: 7 4. Blades irregularly branched; margins crisped and erose, minutely aculeate-dentate . . . . CC. decolorata It should be pointed out that although these several species show close relationship in structure and reproduction, and probably are correct- ly grouped together in one genus, their assignment to Cryptonemia is subject to such circumscription of this genus as may be prescribed by a thorough study of the type species, Cryptonemia lomation (Bert.) J. Ag. That species is said to bear its tetrasporangia in nemathecial sori, unlike any of the species treated here. Unfortunately, no fertile material has been available to verify this point, although eight collections were exam- ined. Structurally C. lomation is in good agreement with the several species treated here, even as to the presence of the peculiar, highly re- fractive filaments in the medulla. It would be well if Sjoestedt’s careful study of the female gametophyte and carposporophyte in C. borealis were to be compared with a similar study of the type species. Cryptonemia obovata J. Agardh Pl. 1, figs. 9-10 J. Agardh 1876, p. 681; Kylin 1925, p. 20, fig. 8a; Kylin 1941, p. 11, pl. 3, fig. 8; Dawson 1945, p. 46; Doty 1947, p. 171. Thalli to 12 cm. high or more, perennial, rose red in color, usually consisting of several obovate, or oblanceolate, membranous blades from a branched subcylindrical stipe; stipe 1.5-2.0 mm. in diameter, 2-3 cm. long, suberect or repent, producing the blades irregularly, multifariously ; blades cuneate at the base, the older ones with an evident midrib within 1-1.5 cm. of the junction with the stipe, broadly rounded distally, to 7 cm. broad or more, entire except for lacerations, but sometimes deeply divided into 2-3 lobes, 100-200 p thick; structurally showing a fairly dense medulla of intertwined filaments of elongated cells 5-8 » in dia- meter, often accompanied by irregularly branched filaments filled with highly refractive material (fig. 10) ; cortex of about 1-2 irregular tiers of larger cells 15-20 mw in greater diameter; tetrasporangia scattered through the cortex just below the surface, without appreciable nemathe- cial modification; cystocarps embedded, scattered throughout the blades, arising on either side, causing well defined elevation of the surface, about 150 » in diameter ; antheridia not seen. Type: Holotype is a specimen collected by Berggren in the Agardh Herbarium, University of Lund, Sweden. A fragment and a slide show- ing structure and cystocarps are in HAHF. No. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 261 Type LocALity: Golden Gate (San Francisco), California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 1099, in drift, Ensenada, Apr.; D. 8767, D. 8747, Jan., D. 9659, Apr., in drift, Punta San Quintin; D. 9036, dredged in 55 m., Reciefe de Sacramento, Apr. Cryptonemia angustata (Setchell & Gardner) comb. nov. Pl. 2, figs. 11-14 Callymenia angustata Setchell and Gardner 1937, p. 77-78, pl. 12, fig. 32; Dawson 1944, p. 285, pl. 68, fig. 1; Dawson 1945a, p. 24. Kallymenia tenuifolia Taylor 1945, p. 214, pl. 72, figs. 1-4 (Non Cally- menia tenuifolia Feldmann 1939, p. 327). Three collections from Mexico have been compared with the type of Callymenia angustata and found to be essentially identical. All of these contain cystocarpic examples and one, a tetrasporic plant. An examina- tion of the development of the cystocarp has shown that the plant does not correspond with Callymenia as understood through the studies of Kylin (1928) but shows the grateloupioid cystocarp, the non-nemathecial tetrasporangia, and the structure of Cryptonemia as recognized by Sjoestedt (1926). Fertile auxiliary cell systems were readily observed because of their abundance, size, and conspicuously staining auxiliary cells. Carpogonial branch systems were relatively obscure, but structures which are interpreted as these were observed in several instances. They . are much smaller and more congested than the auxiliary cell systems and with a reduced carpogonial branch closely surrounded by a group of sterile cells. Figure 13 represents one of these in median optical view in which the carpogonial branch was seen. On the basis of the material now available, the species as it occurs in Mexico may be described as follows: Thalli 5-14 cm. high, membranous, rose red, consisting of one to several slender, stipitate, oblanceolate blades from a small, discoid holdfast; stipes very slender, compressed or flat- tened, about 300 » wide, 3-4 mm. long or more, expanding gradually into the blade; blades simple, sometimes dichotomously divided, com- monly developing proliferously from the ends of mutilated parts, with rounded apices and entire margins, 7-13 (20) mm. wide, very thin, (35) 40-60 p thick; cortex consisting of 1-2 layers of small, irregularly ar- ranged cells 5-10 mu in diameter, the inner ones usually somewhat larger and more rounded; medulla narrow, of a few much-elongated, inter- twined, mostly longitudinally arranged cells, which in older parts de- velop firm, coalesced walls and form a = solid tissue; tetrasporangia 262 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 cruciate, scattered through the unmodified cortex, about 16 p in dia- meter in surface view; cystocarps abundant, scattered over upper parts of blades, 150-200 p in diameter, bulging prominently on both sides but more so on the side bearing the ostiole; carpospores 9-11 p» in diameter, mutually compressed into a compact, = globular mass which is pedicel- late on the old auxiliary cell; antheridia not seen. Type: Holotype is a single cystocarpic plant collected by J. T. Howell, 739, August 12, 1932, on sheet 236489 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Type LocALity: Dredged from 30 m., Bahia de Santa Maria, Isla Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Sonora—D. 369-40, dredged in 22 m., Bahia Tepoca, Feb. Baja Calif. del Sur—D. 6841, dredged in 19 m., Bahia de San Lucas, Mar. Arch. de Revillagigedo—Taylor 39-67, dredged in 41-84 m., near Isla Socorro, Mar. The minor differences pointed out by Taylor between his Kally- menia tenutfolia and the figures of Callymenia angustata given by Daw- son (1944) have been reviewed and found to be insignificant. Setchell and Gardner described the cystocarps in the type as with- out an ostiole. Reéxamination of the type shows that the ostiole develops from the inside and until the cystocarp is fully mature is obscured from external view by a single layer of surface cells. Longisections of cysto- carps readily show it prior to the final breakdown of the surface layer. The specimen from southern California attributed to this species by Dawson (1945a) is sterile and is larger and thicker (to 120 ») than the Mexican ones, but seems otherwise to agree with them. Cryptonemia veleroae (Dawson) comb. nov. Callymenia veleroae Dawson 1944, p. 285, pl. 45, fig. 1. Thalli to 4 cm. high, membranous, rose red in color, consisting of several erect blades arising as branches from a primary axis immediately above a small discoid holdfast; blades in youth entire, simple, obovate to oblanceolate, cuneate to a short, narrow, flattened stipe, the leading margin rounded but early becoming split and developing further into much lacerated divisions, the broadest non-lacerated lower parts of blades up to 8 mm. wide, the spread of lacerated upper parts to 1.5 cm.; thickness 80-90 ; transection showing a single pigmented outer cortical layer of small, angular cells 5-7 » in greatest diameter, a subcortex of 1-2 layers of periclinally elongated elliptical cells 10-20 » in length, and a rather narrow medulla of interlaced filaments of cells 5-6 » in diameter No. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 263 and 30-65 uw long, these mostly longitudinally arranged ; antheridia borne in a superficial sorus consisting of an incomplete reticulum of sterile cells separating groups of fertile cells. Type: Holotype is Dawson 85-40, Jan. 23, 1940, on sheet 34 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: On bottom of broken shell and mud at a depth of 12-20 m. just outside the harbor of Bahia Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. No new material of this species has been obtained, but reéxamination of the type collection has revealed an antheridial plant. This mature sexual plant happens to be the one which was illustrated on plate 45 in the original publication. The close relationship between this plant and Cryptonemia angustata (Setchell & Gardner) Dawson has previously been suggested. Since it is felt that the species will most readily be recognized in that rela- tionship, the transfer to Cryptonemia is made despite the lack of carpos- poric material. The small mature size and early splitting and progressive laceration of the blades are distinctive of this plant. The small specimens are about twice as thick as comparable examples of C. angustata. Cryptonemia guaymasensis (Dawson) comb. nov. Callymenia guaymasensis Dawson 1944, p. 286, pl. 68, fig. 2. A small fragmentary specimen dredged from Bahia San Lucas, Baja . California and bearing cystocarps has satisfactorily been matched by means of its vegetative structure with the type and other sterile specimens of Callymenia guaymasensis. The cystocarps are characteristic of the Grateloupiaceae and require the transfer of the species to that family. The vegetative structure agrees with that of Cryptomenia. The presence of refractive filaments in the medulla similar to those of Cryptonemia obovata and other species is also suggestive of the propriety of this dis- position. Cryptonemia guaymasensis occurs both intertidally and in the sub- littoral, and exhibits in these different habitats some differences in habit and structure. Thalli 5-7 cm. high and often as broad, deep rose red in color, ap- parently perennial under some conditions, consisting of one or more short (2-5 mm.), compressed or subcylindrical stipes attached by a discoid holdfast and supporting dissected, branched, flat, membranous blades; stipe in intertidal plants proceeding into the base of the blade as a mid- rib and sometimes continuing to the first dichotomy; sublittoral plants 264 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 with such a midrib indistinct or lacking; branching primarily divaricate- ly dichotomous in one plane, secondarily pinnate proliferous from the margins; segments often overlapping, (5) 8-15 mm. broad, entire except for the developing proliferous branchlets, the margins sometimes undul- ate, the apices broadly rounded, 40-70 p» thick in upper parts of sub- littoral plants, to 110 » thick in intertidal plants; lower parts secondari- ly thickened by repeated periclinal divisions of the cortical cells; struc- ture consisting of a narrow medulla of branched, interwoven cellular filaments about 5 » in diameter and commonly with a few refractive filaments running through the middle, a subcortex of 1-2 layers of rotund cells 8-12 » in diameter, and a deeply pigmented cortex of a single (and sometimes partial second) layer of small cells 4-6 p» in dia- meter; cystocarps scattered but numerous, embedded in the blade, 200- 250 » in diameter, prominently bulging on either side of the blade, but more so on the side bearing the ostiole; carpospore mass compact, dis- tinctly pedicellate on the old auxiliary cell; antheridia and tetrasporangia unknown. Type: Holotype is Dawson 49-40, Jan. 22, 1940, on sheet 35, in- cluding vial 3 and slides 002-003, 2181-2182, in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: On muddy bottom at a depth of 4-6 m., outer harbor, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—D. 765, intertidal, Isla Patos, Feb.; Drouet & Richards 3308, drift, 4 km. east of Guaymas, Dec.; Dawson Sta. 38, Feb. 19, 1940, dredged, 16-28 m., Puerto Escon- dido; D. 6911, dredged, 8-18 m., Canal de San Lorenzo, Isla Espiritu Santo, Mar.; Howell 89la, dredged, 37 m., Bahia San Lucas, Aug. Cryptonemia decolorata Taylor TEA GPAs akeny TG Taylor 1945, p. 202, pl. 83, fig. 1. Thalli to about 5 cm. high, dark, dull reddish when dry, staining the paper dark brown, thin, firmly membranous, irregularly branched, the branches contracted at the bases, 3-12 mm. broad, 80-100 p» thick; apices rounded; margins crisped and erose, submicroscopically aculeate-den- tate; structure consisting of a narrow medulla of slender, closely placed, intertwined filaments with lumena about 2-3 p» in diameter and coalesced walls, a subcortex of two irregular layers of which the cells of the inner are larger and about 9-12 » in greater diameter, and a cortex of 1-2 layers of compactly arranged cells 4-8 » in diameter of which the cells of the outer layer are anticlinally elongated; tetrasporangia not in sori, NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 265 scattered through the cortex which shows no nemathecial modification, cruciate, ovate, about 18 u long, 9 » wide; sexual reproduction unknown. Type: Holotype is Taylor 39-656, May 9, 1939, on sheet 7020 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: At a depth of 22 m. on a coralline algal bottom, N. Lat. 21° 25’ 40”, W. Long. 106° 21’ 10”, off Isla Maria Mag- dalena, Las Tres Marias, Nayarit, Mexico. Although tetrasporangia occur in the type specimen, this species was described from sterile material and apparently assigned to Cryptonemia on the basis of habit and vegetative structure. It is retained here because of the similarity of its structure and tetrasporangia to the other Mexican species here treated as Cryptonemia. KEY TO THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF POLYOPES 1. Thalli 5-10 cm. high; upper segments 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, 150- 300 p» thick; ultimate segments short . . . P. bushiae 1. Thalli 2.5 cm. high; upper segments 1.0-1.5 mm. wide, 125- 150 p» thick; ultimate segments long . . P. clarionensis Polyopes bushiae Farlow Pl. 2, figs. 16-18; Pl. 11, fig.55 Farlow 1899, p. 75; Kylin 1941, p. 11; Taylor 1945, p. 208; Daw- — son 1950a, p. 68; Dawson 1951, p. 53. Cryptonemia bushiae nom. nud. in Collins, Holden and Setchell, P. B. A. no. 600. Thalli 5-8 (10) cm. high, usually bushy, rather rigid, deep, dull red in color, perennial, consisting of repeatedly dichotomous ligulate blades from one or more cylindrical stipes attached by a horny, discoid holdfast ; stipes 1.5-2.0 mm. in diameter, cylindrical below, flattened above and gradually transformed in the course of the first 2-3 dichotomies into the flattened segments; branching primarily dichotomous at intervals of 3-9 mm., above sometimes irregularly pinnate-proliferous to a limited extent; segments 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, mostly 150-300 » thick, entire, cartilagin- ous, the terminal ones blunt; structure as seen in transection consisting of a central medullary tissue of densely packed, intertwined, ramified, fibrous filaments 3-5 » in diameter, an outer medullary and subcortical tissue of thick-walled, -_ rounded cells mostly 9-14 » in diameter, and a pigmented cortex of anticlinally arranged filaments of about 4 small, elongate cells 3-5 » broad ; tetrasporangia borne abundantly in the cortex which is prominently nemathecially modified on both flattened surfaces 266 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 of the blades, mostly in the region of the ultimate dichotomies, cruciate, 30-36 » long, 15-18 » wide; gonimoblast developing from an auxiliary cell situated in a system separate from that bearing the two-celled carpo- gonial branch; cystocarps embedded in the blade on either side, aggre- gated in the central areas of the upper segments, 200-300 p» in diameter, causing a bulging of the blade-surface, ostiolate, consisting at maturity of a dense mass of carpospores pedicellate on the old auxiliary cell, the whole surrounded by a rather thin sterile envelop of slender filaments; antheridia superificial in an indefinite, sub-nemathecial sorus on upper branches in the region of the utimate dichotomies. Type: Holotype not designated. Syntypes, cited as collections of Mrs. Bush, Mr. Cleveland and Mrs. Snyder, are in the Farlow Herb- arium, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Mrs. Snyder’s collections distributed as # 600 in Phycotheca Boreali-Americana may be con- sidered syntypes. Type LocaLity: Not designated, but the syntypes came from San Pedro and San Diego, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif.—D. 10285, near the mouth of Rio San Miguél, Aug.; D. 1519, Punta Santa Rosalia, Apr.; D. 10522, Punta Norte, Isla Cedros, Oct.; Taylor 34-647, Bahia Sur, Isla Cedros, Mar.; D. 10034a, Punta Velero, Apr.; D. 10369, Punta San Eugenio, Nov.; D. 9063, Apr.; D. 9436, May, Islas San Benito; D. 9133, Apr., Osorio-Tafall, Sept. 1, 1946, Bahia Asuncion; D. 9485, Punta Abreojos, Apr. This plant agrees in structure and reproduction with the type species, Polyopes constrictus (Turn.) J. Ag. from Australia, as illustrated by J. Agardh 1879, pl. 6, figs. 1-11. However, there is also reason to recognize a very close relationship between this species and the northeast Pacific species of Zanardinula. One must await critical monographic studies for a suitable circumscription of these two genera and for a clarification of any differences between them which may be real. Polyopes bushiae is an inhabitant of the upper sublittoral and may normally be collected in its shaded habitats under overhanging ledges only at times of exceptionally low water. Polyopes clarionensis Setchell & Gardner Setchell and Gardner 1937, p. 91, pl. 4, fig. 9, pl. 6, fig. 17, pl. 23, fig. 45. No. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 267 No new material of this species has come to hand! and nothing more can be added to the description of the type material which is here quoted: “Fronds erect, cylindrical and rigid below, flat and ligulate above, 2.5 cm. high, the ligulate portion 1-1.5 mm. wide and 125-150 ,» thick, subdichotomously branched ; medulla occupying approximately % of the thickness of the flattened portion and composed of compound fibers 5-7 » diam.; cortex composed of anticlinal filaments with 4-6 color-bearing cells; tetrasporangia numerous, in nemathecia on both sides and near the apices of the terminal segments, 25-30 u long, 10-13 » wide, cru- ciately divided ; cystocarps and antheridia not observed.” Type: Holotype is Howell 462a, Mar. 24, 1932, on sheet 236505 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. TYPE Locality: On rocks, Bahia Sulphur, Isla Clarién, Mexico. In the original account, and in Taylor 1945, pp. 208, respectively, comparisons have been made between Polyopes bushiae Farl. and P. sin- icola S. & G., and between P. clarionensis and P. sinicola. The name Polyopes sinicola was given to a plant from the upper Gulf of California which, upon reéxamination, has proved to have nothing to do with Polyopes or with any other red alga. The type specimen of P. sinicola actually is a good example of the brown alga Ishige foliacea Okamura which has been collected repeatedly by the writer in the northern Gulf of California during the past dozen years. Key TO THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF HALYMENIA 1. Thalli dichotomously branched, at least in part, the segments venerallyuess-than lk .cms broad). i see ey oe ae) Dee eee 1. Thalli not dichotomously branched, with broad membranous bladesi(3 cmswideror-more)! iia fe Baas 2. Segments subterete; apices blunt . . . WH. agardhii 2. Segments flat; apices acute or bifurcate . . WH. bifida 3. Blades broadly falcate; cystocarp ostioles prominent, pit-like Ha NC Fi pk ar Ns a a H. californica 3. Blades not falcate, but elliptical, orbicular or reniform; cysto- CAEP OSLIOlES IRCOMSPICUOUS: Yc. ("ky Yan eit lect eens ek ee 1 Since this was written, luxuriant, fertile material which corresponds with the type except for larger size has been examined from Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, The largest specimens, collected by M. S. Doty on wave dashed, exposed rocks in a sandy beach at the mouth of “Bellows Field Creek,” Dec. 6, 1952, range from 6 to 13 cm. in height and to 3 mm. wide. The writer collected young examples 4.5 cm. tall at exposed Laniloa Point, May 30, 1953. 268 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 4. Cortical cells 5 » or less in greatest surface diameter; a thick surtace jellyipresent’ <2. 0s) 2) 2 Evabyssteola 4. Cortical cells 7 ~% or more in greatest surface diameter; a thick surface jelly absent . . fa lys NK 5. Thalli nearly sessile; carpospores ibecels massed, °20- 30. , m in greatest diameter . . se 1%. LE megaspora 5. Thalli short-stipitate; carpospores syeonigacels massed, 9-12 » in ereatest diameter) 3) 5 5) a. es Ml saettnophysa Halymenia agardhii De Toni Pl. 11, fig. 54 De Toni 1905, p. 1542; Taylor 1945, p. 205. Isymenia flabellata nom. nud. in J. Agardh 1899, p. 66. Chrysymenia dichotomo-flabellata nom. nud. in Mazé and Schramn 1870-77, p. 162. Thallus to 11 cm. high or more, light rose in color, soft in texture, dichotomously branched at intervals of 10-15 (25) mm., the branches subterete, 4-6 (9) mm. in diameter, the apices blunt; structurally con- sisting in younger parts of a single pigmented cortical layer of small, ovate to angular cells mostly less than 5 » in greatest diameter, these surrounding a colorless, gelatinous, medullary area through which run sparse, slender, ramified filaments with frequent ganglia-like junction points; older parts with a subcortex present of about 2 layers of rotund, colorless cells to 25 mw in diameter, the adjacent 100 pu of the outer me- dulla composed of densely intertwined, mainly longitudinal, thick-walled filaments about 11 mw in diameter, the inner medulla of relatively sparse filaments crossing irregularly from one side to the other, some of them stellate-ganglioid and to 10 mw in diameter; tetrasporangia cruciate, scattered through the unmodified cortex, but much larger than the cortical cells, 25-30 » long, 13-16 » wide; sexual plants not present in the Mexican material. Type: Holotype not designated. The syntypes represented by the original collections cited by Mazé and Schramn, no. 20, 1015, and 1334 are in the Thuret-Bornet Herbarium, Natural History Museum, Paris, France. Type LocaLity: Sublittoral, Ile de la Guadaloupe, West Indies. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Nayarit—Taylor 39-646A, dredged from coralline bottom at 21.5 m., near Isla Maria Magdalena, Las Tres Marias, May. This species has been reported from the sublittoral in widely scattered localities of the world. Suitably preserved sexual reproductive material NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 269 has not been available for examination, and it is not possible at present to elucidate the life history of the plant. In material from Florida distri- buted as P.B.A. 422a, cystocarps were observed to be ostiolate, embedded beneath the cortex, 120-150 » in diameter, and the carpospore mass aris- ing from a sterile pedicel (auxiliary cell) from which also arises a loose, surrounding basketwork of filaments. The Mexican material is tetras- poric and agrees moderately well in structure and in habit with tetras- poric West Indian material from Tobago Island, although the sporangia are much larger. The subterete, dichotomous branches are distinctive. Halymenia bifida sp. nov. Pl. 2, figs. 19-21; pl. 12, fig. 56 Thallis 6-8 cm. longis, membranaceis; laminis brevistipitatis, lineo- lanceolatis, 4-8 (13) mm. latis, 150-200 (260) y» crassis, simplicibus vel semel bisve dichotomose ramificatis ; apicibus acutis, plerumque bifurcatis ; marginibus integris vel ramulos breves, exiguos, pinnatos ad 1-2 mm. longos habentibus. Thalli 6-8 cm. long, membranous, consisting of several linear-lanceo- late, short-stipitate blades from a small discoid holdfast; blades 4-8 (to 13) mm. broad, 150-200 (260) » thick, simple or once or twice dichot- omously branched, the acute apices commonly bifurcate, cuneate at the base to the slender, compressed to flattened, simple or dichotomous stipe . which is 400-500 » in diameter and 2-3 mm. long; margins entire or provided with short, sparse, irregularly spaced, pinnate branchlets 1-2 mm. long; transection showing a dense, pigmented outer cortex, a looser, larger-celled inner cortex, and a medulla of sparse, branched filaments ; outer cortex unistratose, of ovoid cells about 5 « by 7 » in dimensions; inner cortex of about 2 layers of pale, rotund cells 9-16 » in greatest diameter; branched medullary filaments of elongate to linear cells 4-5 p in diameter, irregularly, loosely and obliquely crisscrossing the medul- lary cavity, showing some arachnoid cell development adjoining the sub- cortex; cystocarps scattered, embedded, 100-150 » in diameter, the car- pospore mass compact, subglobose, not conspicuously pedicellate, sur- rounded by a loose perithecial involucre, ostiolate; carpospores angular, mostly 14-16 m» in greatest diameter; antheridia not seen; tetrasporangia cruciate, ovoid, 16-18 p» long, scattered through the essentially unmodified cortex. Type: Holotype is Dawson 6745, (2), Mar. 13, 1949, on sheet 59316, including vial 4177 and slides 2128-2130, in HAHF. Type LOcALIty: Rock and sand bottom at a depth of 8-15 m., bay adjoining Punta Frailes, Baja California del Sur, Mexico. 270 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 6861, (@), dredged in 19 m., Bahia de San Lucas, Baja California del Sur, Mar. 11, 1949. Some observations on the development of the carposporophyte were made in this species. The carpogonial branch systems and auxiliary cell systems (the latter more numerous) occur just beneath the cortex and arise by division and inward elaboration of the cortical filament cells to produce a suspended, ampullar structure. In some of these systems a one- celled branch at the base becomes enlarged and more deeply staining and represents the auxiliary cell (fig. 20). In others a two-celled carpogonial branch is produced in a similar position (fig. 19). The trichogyne reaches the surface between the somewhat modified superficial cortical cells from which the system is suspended. The actual fertilization process was not observed, but soon after fertilization the auxiliary cell becomes enlarged and more irregular in shape, and produces laterally and from below numerous filaments of rather small, ovate cells which grow downward and outward, while a subspherical gonimoblast mass is produced above. At the same time the sterile, relatively vacuolate, larger cells immediately surrounding the developing gonimoblast and just below the outer cortex produce ramified filaments of elongate cells which grow downward and around the gonimoblast to contribute to the sterile involucre. The fila- ments which early grow out of the auxiliary cell from below seem ulti- mately to be incorporated into the involucre. As the gonimoblast develops into the subspherical carpospore mass the auxiliary cell becomes some- what flattened and partially enveloped by the swelling carpospore mass, so that in the mature gonimoblast it does not appear as a conspicuous pedicel (fig. 21). Halymenia bifida is readily distinguished from other Mexican Haly- menia species by its narrow, bifurcate blades. ‘The subspherical carpo- spore mass which partially envelops the inconspicuous old auxiliary cell is also distinctive. Halymenia californica Smith & Hollenberg Pl. 13, fig. 57 Smith and Hollenberg 1943, p. 216, figs. 18-19; Smith 1944, p. 243, pl. 54, fig. 6, pl. 55, fig. 4. Thalli to 20 cm. tall, rosy red, plane, membranous, consisting of several broadly falcate, short-stipitate blades from a small, pulvinate holdfast; blades 3-7 cm. broad, 200-450 pw thick, the margins entire, cuneate at the base to a compressed stipe 2-3 mm. long and 500-600 p» in diameter; transection showing a thin, pigmented cortex and a broad NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 271 medulla of sparse filaments; cortex of 3-4 layers of cells, the outermost anticlinally elongate, 3-6 » broad and about 7 » long, the innermost ovoid or spherical, 8-10 » in diameter, not stellate; medullary filaments sparse, slender, of cells to 10 times as long as broad, little branched, interwoven, but the majority extending perpendicularly from cortex to cortex; tetrasporangia cruciate, 20-25 by 11-14 y, scattered through the unmodified cortex; cystocarps abundant, scattered, embedded beneath a prominent, pit-like ostiolar opening about 50 » in diameter at the surface, surrounded by poorly developed perithecial filaments; carpospores in a compact, subspherical mass 80-110 » in diameter, angular, 9-11 » in greatest diameter ; antheridia unknown. Type: Holotype is Hollenberg 3038 in the Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University, California. Type tocatity: Drift, Moss Beach, San Mateo County, Cali- fornia. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—D. 1567, drift, Bahia Ositos, near Punta Maria, April. This single cystocarpic Mexican collection is in close agreement with the original description of Smith and Hollenberg. It seems to differ only in having slightly smaller cortical cells and scattered rather than ag- gregated cystocarps with more prominent ostioles. The gonimoblast development appears to be virtually the same as in other species reported here. The plant is readily recognized by its broadly falcate blades. A fragmentary blade of a tetrasporangial plant. from drift at Punta San Quintin, near Isla San Martin, Baja Calif., appears to belong here. It is very broadly falcate, 12 cm. broad, and structurally similar to the Punta Maria specimen. Halymenia abyssicola Dawson Pl. 3, figs. 22-25 Dawson 1944, p. 278. This species was somewhat inadequately and incorrectly described by the writer in 1944. Reéxamination of the type material has revealed developing carposporophytes which are in general agreement with those of Halymenia. In the light of the now fairly ample Halymenia collections from the Gulf of California, some clarification of the circumscription of the species is presented below. Thalli plane, membranous, rose red in color, exceeding 8 cm. in length and breadth, with entire margins, but the attachment and the shape of the whole thallus unknown, 300-400 p thick; transection show- 272 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 ing a surface jelly 25 p» thick or more, a single outer cortical layer of small, rather widely spaced, subovoid cells about 5 » wide and to 7 » long (roundish in surface view), a subcortex of 2-3 layers of larger arachnoid cells, and a medulla of rather sparse, anticlinal filaments of 2-4 linear cells extending across from subcortex to subcortex; highly refractive medullary filaments apparently absent; carpogonial branches 2-celled, borne in ampullar systems separate from and smaller than those bearing the prominent auxiliary cells; developing cystocarps scattered, about 150 yp in diameter, completely embedded; carpospores in a com- pact, rounded, pedicellate mass, angular, 10-12 yw in greatest diameter; antheridia and tetrasporangia unknown. Type: Holotype is Dawson 433-40, Feb. 5, 1940, on sheet 28, including slides 2209-2211, 2218, in HAHF. TypE LocALity: On a rocky bottom at a depth of 110-116 m., 2 miles north of Isla Partida, Gulf of California, Mexico. Halymenia abyssicola is similar in several respects to some of the variants of H. actinophysa, but it appears to be distinct in the several features indicated below. The cortical cells are ovoid, mostly rounded as viewed from the surface, and 5 y or less in greatest diameter. In H. actinophysa the surface cells are + angular and mostly 7 » or more in greatest diameter. H. abyssicola has a thick surface jelly which has not been observed in H. actinophysa. The jelly is not conspicuous, however, and must be viewed quickly with the aid of stain, for it dissolves in a rather short time after dry material has been soaked up. The highly refractive medullary filaments commonly present in H. actinophysa are absent in the type of H. abyssicola. The subcortical cells are prominently arachnoid and relatively more compactly layered than in H. actinophysa. Halymenia megaspora sp. nov. Pl. 3, figs. 26-28 ; pl. 14, fig. 58 Thallis membranaceis, irregulariter orbicularibus vel reniformibus, plerumque latioribus quam altioribus, 10-15 cm. altis, 200-400 y crassis, paene sessilibus; marginibus integris at sinuatis, plus minusve lobatis vel laceratis; cortice exteriori e filamentis anticlinalibus ramosis e circiter tribus cellulis exiguis compositis; carposporis in massa laxa dilapsibili contentis, magnis, 20-30 » diametro, haud valde angularibus. Thalli membranous, gelatinous, dull rose in color, irregularly orbicu- lar to reniform, usually broader than tall, to 10-15 cm. tall, 200-400 p thick, almost sessile, attached by a small fleshy peg and disc; margins entire but sinuate, + lobed or lacerate; transection showing a fairly NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 273 dense, small-celled cortex and a loose, filamentous medulla; cortex com- posed of branched anticlinal filaments of usually 3 small cells 9-10 p in diameter, the outermost ones long-ovoid, the inner + spherical ; sub- cortex not conspicuous, consisting of sparse, arachnoid cells connected by periclinal filaments; medulla consisting of loosely arranged filaments of elongate cells tending to be arranged for the greater part anticlinally, but obliquely, apparently lacking filaments with highly refractive con- tents; gonimoblast apparently developing from an auxiliary cell in a system separate from that bearing the carpogonial branch, but the latter not positively observed, the carpospore mass remaining pedicellate on the auxiliary cell; cystocarps scattered, embedded, about 150 p» in diameter ; carpospores in a loose mass which readily falls apart, large, not con- spicuously angular, 20-30 yw in greatest diameter; antheridia and tetras- porangia not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 6740, Mar. 13, 1949, on sheet 59313, including vial 4179 and slide 2214 in HAHF. TYPE LOCALITY: Rock and sand bottom in depths of 8-15 m., bay adjoining Punta Frailes, Baja California del Sur, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D,. 6904a, 6905, 8-18 m., Canal de San Lorenzo, Baja Calif. del Sur. This species is distinguished from the superficially similar Halymenia actinophysa by its sessile thalli, 3 tiered outer cortex, and by the large size and loose massing of the carpospores. It occupies the same habitat as ~ H. actinophysa and sometimes is taken with that species in the dredge. The plants recognized by Okamura (1921, p. 109, pl. 176) as H. dilatata Zanard, are similar in habit but differ in the mottled coloration of the blades and in internal structure. Authentic Red Sea material of H. dilatata has not been available for comparative study. Halymenia actinophysa Howe Pl. 4, figs. 29-34; pl. 15, figs. 59-60; pl. 16, fig. 61 Howe 1911, p. 509, pl. 34; Dawson 1944, p. 277; Taylor 1945, p. 206. Halymenia? refugiensis Dawson 1944, p. 278, pl. 44, figs. 2-3. Thalli membranous, usually gelatinous, bright to dull rose in color; blades ovate to irregularly orbicular or elongate-elliptical, sometimes reniform, commonly 8-12 cm. long and 5-7 cm. wide, but attaining 30 cm. or more in length and 20 cm. in width, simple or occasionally lobed, the margins entire or sinuate, cuneate at the base to a small, slender, compressed stipe 1-3 mm. long and 300-500 yp in diameter; stipe attached 274 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 by a disc, simple or branched, a thickened midrib-like area often extend- ing from the stipe into the base of the blade; thickness variable in plants of different depths and habitats, from 50 » to 220 (280) p», mainly dependent upon the length of the transverse medullary filaments; outer cortical cells in surface view angular, separated by thick walls, 7 » or more in greater diameter ; transection showing an outer cortex commonly of a single layer of cells, but often with a + incomplete or less compact second layer ; subcortex usually of a single irregular, loose layer of larger, more or less arachnoid cells arranged periclinally and giving rise to anticlinal medullary filaments of 1-3 cells which extend from subcortex to subcortex, these filaments variable in length in different plants; medulla with some periclinal filaments running irregularly through it, of which the larger commonly have highly refractive contents and ex- hibit prominent arachnoid or stellate “ganglia”; gonimoblast developing from an auxiliary cell in a separate system from that bearing the carpo- gonial branch; gonimoblast pedicellate on the prominent auxiliary cell; cystocarps completely embedded, inconspicuously ostiolate, scattered, 100-180 » in diameter; carpospores in a compact, subspherical mass, small, angular, 9-12 » in greatest diameter; antheridia superficial, de- veloping in a network pattern by progressive angular division and modi- fication of outer cortical cells; tetrasporangia scattered through the un- modified cortex, cruciate, ovate to subspherical, 11-14 » in diameter. Type: Holotype is Vives 20d, Feb. 28, 1911, in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, New York. A portion of the holotype specimen is on sheet 649499 in the Herbarium of the University of California Berkeley. ‘TYPE Locatity: Near La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—D. 347-40, 30 m., Punta Pefiasco, Feb.; D. 182-40, 24-44 m., Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda, Jan.; D. 138-40, 4-32 m., Isla Tiburén, Jan.; D. 888, Bahia de Agua Dulce, Isla Tiburén, drift, Feb.; D. 1942, drift, May, D. 7216, 8-20 m., Mar., D. 10975-10976, drift, June, Ensenada San Fran- cisco; D. 6964, 6980-6982, 4-30 m., Bahia Salinas, Isla Carmén, Mar.; D. 6904b, 6920, 6927, 8-20 m., Canal de San Lorenzo, Mar.; D. 6839, 20 m., D. 6867, 40 m., D. 6879, 55 m., Bahia San Lucas, Mar. Archip. de Revillagigedo—Taylor 39-38a, 56-102 m., near Isla Clarién, Mar.; Taylor 34-14, 24-32 m., Bahia Braithwaite, Isla Socorro, Jan.; Taylor 39-66, 41-84 m., Isla Socorro, Mar. This appears to be a rather common and variable species of the deeper sublittoral waters of the Gulf of California area and southward. It varies considerably in thickness, and hence in the appearance of the NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 275 transection, but this is mainly due to difference in the length of the anticlinal medullary filaments in response to the environment. The refractive filaments of the medulla with their stellate “ganglia” are usually prominently visible through the thin cortex. Reéxamination of the type of Halymenia refugiensis has revealed that it is an antheridial plant whose structure satisfactorily agrees with that of H. actinophysa. Differences from the superficially similar Halymenia megaspora have been pointed out under that name. The collections from Bahia Agua Dulce, Isla Tiburon represent a form with prominent, simple or branched stipes, but which structually and reproductively does not seem distinguishable from other collections of this species. Key To THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF ZANARDINULA 1. Secondary pinnate branches indeterminate, 3.5-15 mm. broad 2 1. Secondary pinnate branches usually determinate, 3.0 mm. broad OGCSS a, Wor aces as 3 2. Secondary tiie Peoaeele ae Be 15 mm. eh to > 20 cm. long; tetrasporangia in extensive nemathecial sori on secondary blades . . a) 2 Zs andersontana 2. Secondary branches eee becoming 3.5-6 mm. broad, to 9 cm. long; tetrasporangia unknown . Z. Jyallii var.? 3. Primary or major branching clearly dichotomous . . . . 4 3. Primary or major branching irregular . . OL ons 4. Thalli under 4 cm. high; segments 0.5-1 mm. Reena Z. acroidalea 4, Thali 6-25 cm. aah ts ee 1-3 mama sbroade nok ea eS 5. Branches 2-3 mm. broad; secondary branches short, mostly less than 3 mm. long Ain aca 5. Branches about 1 mm. ee Lae Oe be es) VRC TO 6. Thalli low, spreading; secondary Eeiaches se Deere ae 1-15 cm. long . . Z. abbreviata var. guaymasensis 6. Thalli erect; secondary pinnate branches + determinate, Summeslong OT less! | 1s a, 1 ve Ae Wezeainensts 7. Young, growing branches + spatulate; thalli usually under 8cm. high . . . . . JZ. abbreviata var. abbreviata 7. Young, growing branches not spatulate; thalli usually over A craahicien hes bay ie tiratd osteo tor) ay sys Sa 9 ee COLTER “I 276 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 8. Thalli 20-45 cm. tall; segments 1.5-2.5 mm. broad Z. lanceolata 8. Thalli usially unde 20 cm. “alls segments 1 mm. broad orless ey enie F Ani wa 9. Secondary pinnae not strongli aerenaiaare 15 mm. Mone or MOKEH Von | wo. i Badeltcatala 9. Secondary pinnae eternity derenanaee 2-5 mm. long Z. mexicana Zanardinula andersoniana (Eaton) Papenfuss Pl. 4, figs. 35-36; pl. 17, fig. 62 Papenfuss 1944, p. 342; Dawson 1945c, p. 66; Dawson 1949, p. 222, 225, Prionitis andersoniana Eaton, ex. J. Agardh 1876, p. 159; Kylin 1941, p. 11; Smith 1944, p. 246, pl. 57, f. 3. Thalli 20-50 cm. tall, deep red in color, firm in texture, consisting of one to several irregularly branched, flat axes from a small discoid holdfast; lower parts of main axes and branches narrow, 1.5-3 mm. wide; upper branches of variable width, but in part 5-15 mm. broad, usually tapered both to base and apex; secondary (proliferous) branch- ing pinnate-distichous, irregular and remote to + regular and approxi- mate, the branches indeterminate, linear-lanceolate and up to 20 cm. long; transection 250-350 » thick, showing a structure of three distinct tissues ; outer cortex of anticlinal rows of 4-6 small, squarish, pigmented cells 4-5 » in diameter; subcortex of 2-4 irregular layers of pale, rotund cells 10-30 » in diameter and with granular contents; medulla of densely packed, intertwined, - longitudinal filaments 4-7 » in diameter; cysto- carps numerous, scattered in upper segments, embedded and causing little or no swelling of the surface, ostiolate; antheridia not seen; tetra- sporangia cruciate, long-elliptical, 25-28 » long, borne in extensive, linear, nemathecial sori on either or both surfaces of older segments, the sori often occupying the width of the segment except for a narrow, sterile margin, the nemathecial filaments 8-10 cells long. Type: Holotype not designated, but the original collection by C. L. Anderson, No. 59, consisting of two fertile and one sterile specimens, is in the Agardh Herbarium, University of Lund, Sweden. TypE LocALity: Santa Cruz, Monterey Bay, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif.—Cooper 539a, Playa Rosarita, Mar.; D. 234, Jan., D. 5277, Sept., Punta Descanso; Cooper 789, Punta Santo Tomas, Mar.; Hubbs, 12/18/45, Punta Clara, Dec.; D. 17, Jan., D. 6467, Mar., D. 5175, Sept., Cabo Colnett; D. 123, NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 2h near mouth of Rio San Telmo, Jan.; D. 8763, Punta San Quintin, Jan.; D. 9709, Bahia San Quintin, Apr.; D. 1216, Socorro, Apr.; D. 8656, 8829, Jan., D. 1193, Apr., Punta Baja; D. 1552, Bahia Ositos, near Punta Maria, Apr. This species appears to be a common one in all of the areas of up- welling to the north of Bahia Vizcaino. In the colder localities it may be found intertidally near low water level, but it is more commonly encountered in drift. The early stages in carposporophyte development have been observed and found to agree closely with those reported by Sjoestedt (1926) for Z. lanceolata. The irregular pinnate branching and segments of irregular width, but tending to be broad and ligulate, are distinctive of this species. Zanardinula lyallii (Harvey) De Toni var. ? Pl. 18, fig. 63 Several sterile specimens occur in intertidal collections from En- senada de San Francisco, Sonora (D. 575, 595, 597, Feb., D. 11025, June), which correspond closely both in gross morphology and in struc- ture with specimens from Puget Sound, Washington, recognized by Setchell and Gardner (1903) as Prionitis lyallii £. densissima. These Sonora specimens are unique among the zanardinulas of the Gulf of . California, and it seems improbable because of geographic remoteness and marked ecological differences that they are actually conspecific with plants of far northwestern United States. However, to point up this interesting distributional problem a photograph is presented here of one of the Gulf plants, and it is tentatively assigned to Z. Jyallii awaiting the collection of fertile material and further study of relationships. The specimen from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California identified by Taylor (1939, p. 13) has been reéxamined and found to be a sterile example of a species of Gracilaria. The structure shows no resemblance to that of Zanardinula. , Zanardinula acroidalea (Setchell & Gardner) comb. nov. Pl. 5, figs. 37-39 Grateloupia acroidalea Setchell and Gardner 1924, p. 781, pl. 26, figs. 45-46; Dawson 1944, p. 281. Prionitis kinoensis Dawson 1944, p. 284, pl. 67, fig. 1; Taylor 1945, p. 210. Zanardinula kinoensis (Daw- son) Dawson 1945b, p. 94; Dawson 1949, p. 244. 278 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Reéxamination of the type material of Prionitis kinoensis has revealed the presence of cystocarpic and antheridial specimens. The study of these, together with tetrasporic specimens from La Paz, has led to the conclusion that they must be united with the species described by Setchell and Gardner as Grateloupia acroidalea. However, the dense structure, pinnate secondary branching, cartilaginous texture, and nemathecial tetrasporangial sori of this plant indicate that the species may more satisfactorily be recognized under Zanardinula than under Grateloupia. The habit and transectional structure with its indistinct subcortex are somewhat different from the usual occurrence in Zanardinula, but on the other hand are equally if not more divergent from Grateloupia. The description may be expanded as follows: Thalli 2-4 cm. high, densely branched and clumping in habit, rather rigid, attached by a small disc, dark purplish red or greenish in color, cartilaginous when dry; primary branching dichotomous, + divaricate, at intervals of 1-3 (4) mm.; secondary branching pinnate, irregular, mostly in mid-parts of thalli, the pinnae usually determinate, 1-3 (4) mm. long; segments compressed to flattened, 0.5-1.0 mm. wide, 280- 480 p» thick, appearing + uniform in breadth throughout, the apices usually as broad as lower parts, blunt, often somewhat swollen in fertile plants; transection showing a dense medulla of interwoven, compacted filaments, in younger stages showing numerous intercellular connections ; cortex consisting of an outer region of anticlinal filaments of 5-6 small, pigmented cells merging into 2-3 indefinite layers of larger cells with + prominent intercellular connections, these adjoining the medulla without a distinct boundary; outer cortex in age amplified by secondary growth of anticlinal filaments; tetrasporangia borne in nemathecial sori covering the short secondary pinnae and the terminal segments, slender, 40-50 p» long, 8-13 » broad ; cystocarps completely embedded in terminal segments and in secondary pinnae, ostiolate, about 150 p» in diameter, the gonimo- blast pedicellate from the auxiliary cell; antheridia borne in superficial nemathecial sori covering terminal segments and secondary pinnae. Type: Holotype is Johnston 121, June 1922, on sheet 1369 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Type LocaLity: Isla Tortuga, Gulf of California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Sonora—D. 648-40, near Kino, July; Marchant (in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.), Guaymas, May; D. 524, Bahia Bocochibampo, near Guaymas, Feb.; D. 723-40, Isla Turner, July. Baja Calif. del Sur—D. 3451, Bahia de La Paz, Nov. NO. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 279 The plant identified by Taylor (1945) as Prionitis kinoensis from the Galapagos Archipelago has been re€éxamined. It is tetrasporic and agrees with this species in structure and in habit. The tetrasporangia, however, are not confined to the apices, but occur in segments well re- moved from the ends. Zanardinula abbreviata (Setchell & Gardner) J. De Toni Pl. 19, fig. 64; pl. 20, figs. 65-66 J. De Toni 1936, n.p. Prionitis abbreviata Setchell and Gardner 1924, p. 785, pl. 25, fig. 29, pl. 50b; Dawson 1944, p. 283. Prionitis guaymasensis Dawson 1944, p. 283, pl. 66, figs. 1-2. Zanardinula guay- masensis (Dawson) Dawson 1945b, p. 93; Dawson 1949, p. 234, 238, 243. Some thirty collections, many of them fertile, have now been as- sembled from the Gulf of California and represent this species in a remarkable variety of sizes and growth forms. The range of variability in form is extreme, as shown by the illustrations presented here (figs. 64-66) and those cited above. Intergrades, however, are present which appear to link all of these together. Despite this recognition of unity among them, it seems advantageous to the student and collector of these Gulf of California plants, and as an aid to identification by means of keys, to designate the major peaks of variability by name. The type of - Prionitis abbreviata, as illustrated by Setchell and Gardner 1924, pl. 50b, represents the broad, spatulate, dominantly dichotomous form, while the type specimens of P. guaymasensis, as illustrated by Dawson 1944, pl. 66, fig. 1, represent the narrow form with abundant, long-pinnate secondary branchlets. The former may be called Zanardinula abbreviata var. abbreviata and the latter Z. abbreviata var. guaymasensis (Dawson) comb. nov. This variable species may be described as follows: Thalli usually 6-8 cm. high, forming rather loose, irregular clumps consisting of one to several much-branched, flattened fronds with segments 1-3 mm. wide, from a discoid holdfast, dark brownish or blackish in color, cartilaginous when dry; primary branching mostly dichotomous, the intervals irregu- lar; secondary branching pinnate, mostly distichous, sometimes in part polystichous in age, the branches scattered and few, to abundant and at intervals of 1 mm. or less, short, determinate and peg-like, or to 1-1.5 cm. long and blade-like, sometimes indeterminate and provided in turn with pinnae; segments of variable width in different plants, 1-3 (4) mm, broad; ultimate segments in some plants spatulate and rather blunt, in 280 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 others linear-lanceolate and attenuated; transections in mid-parts 250- 500 » thick, showing a dense filamentous medulla and a subcortex of about 3 layers of rotund cells 11-18 w in diameter grading into a pig- mented cortex of anticlinal rows of small, squarish cells 3.5-5 » in dia- meter ; cystocarps embedded, ostiolate, borne abundantly in the secondary pinnate branchlets, to 250 » in diameter, often becoming crowded and causing some bulging of the bearing branchlet; carpospore mass completely enveloping the auxiliary cell pedicel; carpospores 15-17 p in diameter; antheridia not seen; tetrasporangia borne in nemathecial sori on the secondary branchlets, cruciate, slender, about 45-50 yp long, 9-12 » wide. Type: Holotype is Johnston 53e, April 1922, on sheet 1374 in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cali- fornia. Type Locality: Isla San Esteban, Gulf of California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Calif—D. 865, Isla Jorge, Feb.; Remple 3/26/37, near Punta Lobos; D. 707, Puerto Libertad, Feb.; D. 1034, Isla Rasa, Feb.; D. 295-40, Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda, Jan.; D. 748, Isla Patos, Feb.; D. 960, Bahia Agua Dulce, Isla Tiburon, Feb.; D. 1063, Isla Alcatras, Feb.; D. 658-40, just north of Kino, July; D. 453-40, Isla San Esteban, Feb. ; D. 727-40, Isla Turner, July; D. 1347, Bahia de Los Angeles, Apr.; D. 11009, Puerto San Carlos, June; D. 608, Feb., D. 1852, 1906, May, D. 11029, June, D. 3500, Nov., Ensenada San Francisco; D. 487, 520, Feb., D. 1711, May, Ensenada Bocochibampo, near Guaymas; D. 539, 540, Punta Colorado, near Guaymas, Feb.; D. 632, Ensenada Carrizal, near Guaymas, Feb.; Drouet & Richards 3402, 3404, Punta San Pedro, near Guaymas, Dec.; D. 46-40, Jan., D. 490-40, Feb., Bahia Guaymas; D. 3494, Bahia Empalme, Nov.; D. 7101, Punta Aguja, Bahia de la Concepcion, Mar.; D. 539d-40, Feb., D. 7121, Mar., Bahia Agua Verde; D. 10902, inner Bahia Topolobampo, June; D. 7010, Bahia San Gabriel, Isla Espiritu Santo, Mar.; D. 634-40, San Jose del Cabo, Feb. ; D. 6763, Cabeza Ballena, Mar. Most of the winter and early spring collections were sterile while the summer and fall collections were mature and fertile. Zanardinula vizcainensis sp. nov. Pl. 21, fig. 67 Thallis erectis, laxe dumosis, ad 20 cm. altis; ramificatione axium maiorum plerumque dichotoma intervallis 2-4 cm.; segmentis compressis vel complanatis, fere 1 mm. latis, 300-450 p crassis; ramulis secundariis NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 281 proliferis determinatis, pinnatis, essentialiter distichis, plerumque 2-3 mm. longis, lanceolatis, simplicibus vel furcatis ; tetrasporangiis in cortice nemathecialiter modificata ramulorum determinatorum contentis. Thalli erect, loosely bushy, up to 20 cm. high, consisting of several much-branched, compressed to flattened axes somewhat less than 1 mm. wide, 300-450 p thick, from a coarse, firmly attached discoid holdfast ; branching of main fronds initiated in an irregularly dichotomous to subpinnate manner near the base of primary axes, these branches in- determinate and subsequently branching dichotomously at intervals of 2-4 cm., sometimes more approximate above; secondary proliferous branching determinate, pinnate and essentially distichous, irregularly spaced, sparse on some axes, on others numerous and closely spaced in groups at intervals of 1-2 mm., mostly 2-3 mm. long, lanceolate, simple, or sometimes forked, or bearing 1 or several minute tertiary branchlets; transection of main branches showing a rather thin outer cortex of anti- clinal rows of about 3 small, squarish cells, a distinct subcortex of larger, rotund cells and a dense medulla of compacted filaments about 5 p» in diameter; tetrasporangia borne in the nemathecially modified outer cortex of the determinate secondary pinnate branchlets, cruciate, 23-32 » long, 12-14 » wide; sexual reproduction not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 10362, Nov. 1, 1951, on sheet 59306 in HAHF. Type Locality: Intertidal rocky shore, Punta San Eugenio, be- tween the lighthouse and the village, Baja California, Mexico. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: D. 10014, Punta Velero, Bahia Vizcaino, Baja California, Apr. 16, 1951. This species is somewhat similar to Zanardinula filiformis, especially with the more slender form such as occurs at Monterey, California. It is, however, more richly branched, especially below, and near the base is often not regularly dichotomous. Z. vizcainensis is also smaller and narrower throughout than Z. fliformis. Although the differences be- tween the two species seem mostly to be quantitative, one notes that the distribution of Z. filiformis from Coos Bay, Oregon to central California is that of a cool-water species. It is not known to occur south of Carmel Bay. Z. vizcainensis, on the other hand, inhabits the southwest shore of Bahia Vizcaino which is bathed by the warmest shore water known to occur along Pacific Baja California. It seems highly probable that further study of these two species will reveal additional differences reflecting their habitat differences. 282 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 Zanardinula cornea (Okamura) comb. nov. Pl. 22, fig. 68 Grateloupia cornea Okamura 1913, p. 63, pl. 118, figs. 1-11. Car- popeltis cornea (Okam.) Okamura 1936, p. 553. Prionitis linearis (in- valid for want of Latin diagnosis) Kylin 1941, p. 12; Smith 1944, p. 245, pl. 56, fig. 2. Zanardinula linearis (Kylin) Papenfuss 1944, p. 342; Dawson 1949, p. 220, 222, 227; Dawson 1950a, p. 68. Zanardinula kylinii Doty 1947, p. 173, pl. 12, fig. B; Dawson 1951, p. 53; Dawson 1952, p. 431, in major part. Thalli 12-25 cm. tall, commonly + flabellate in outline, deep, dull reddish-purple in color, much branched, the segments compressed to flattened, mostly about 2 mm. broad, attached by a simple disc; primary branching dichotomous, + remote, at intervals of 1-4 cm., the longer intervals below, the segments of uniform breadth throughout ; secondary branching sparse, pinnate, distichous; pinnae determinate in growth, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, simple or forked, mostly 2-3 mm. long, sometimes to | cm. long, tapered to the base, in part deciduous; tran- sections of upper primary axes usually 280-500 p» thick, showing a dense, small-celled outer cortex, a transitional, larger-celled inner cortex, and a dense medulla of intertwined, compacted filaments 4-10 p» in diameter; subcortex of several irregular layers of rotund cells up to 25 yp in dia- meter, the largest inside next to the medulla; tetrasporangia borne in nemathecial sori covering the secondary pinnae and also, in mature plants, occupying elliptical or elongated areas in the terminal segments, cruciate, long-elliptical, 30-43 » long, 8-11 » broad; cystocarps borne in the secondary pinnae and in the ends of terminal segments, embedded, ostiolate, the carpospore mass 130-150 p» in diameter, compact, pedicel- late from the auxiliary cell; antheridia not seen. Type: Holotype not designated. Whereabouts of original material, presumably collected by Okamura, unknown to the writer. According to a personal communication from Dr. Jun Tokida, no examples of this species are in Okamura’s herbarium now kept at Hokkaido University, Sapporo. TYPE LOCALITY: Japan (Prov. Totami, Sagami, Boshyu, Kadzusa, Hitachi and Rikuzen). MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—C. Johnson, Aug. 1945, Bahia Soledad; D. 1408, Punta Santa Rosalia, Apr.; Osorio- Tafall, Sept. 2, 1946, Roca Maria, Isla Natividad; D. 9065, Islas San Benito, Apr.; D. 10361, Punta San Eugenio, Nov.; D. 6574, Bahia NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 283 Tortuga, Mar.; Osorio-Tafall, Sept. 1, 1946, Isla Asuncion; D. 9156, 9157, Bahia Asunciédn, Apr.; Osorio-Tafall, Sept. 1, 1946, Isla San Roque. This species has had a most changeable nomenclatural status on both sides of the Pacific. It is perhaps because of Okamura’s unfortunate recognition of this plant under Grateloupia that the identity of the American with the Japanese plants has heretofore been overlooked. Okamura’s original illustrations excellently depict the habit, anatomy and reproduction of this species. His figures correspond in all details with the common plant which both Kylin and Doty described under different names. The relatively remote, regularly dichotomous forkings, the sparse, determinate, pinnate, secondary branchlets, and the presence of the tetrasporic sori both in the terminal segments and in the secondary pinnae are characteristic features. Zanardinula lanceolata (Harvey) J. De Toni Pl. 5, fig. 40; pl. 23, fig. 69 J. De Toni 1936, n.p.; Dawson 1949, p. 220. Gelidium lanceolatum Harvey, 1830-41, p. 164. Prionitis lanceolata (Harvey) Harvey 1853, p. 197, pl. 27, fig. A; Smith 1944, p. 246, pl. 57, fig. 1. Zanardinula kylinit Doty, only as to Bahia Sur, Isla Cedros specimen interpreted by - Dawson 1952, p. 431. Prionitis filiformis Kylin, as interpreted by Taylor 1945, p. 209. Zanardinula linearis (Kylin) Papenfuss, as interpreted by Dawson 1945c, p. 66. Thalli 20-45 cm. tall, deep, dull, reddish-purple in color, much branched, the segments flattened, mostly 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, attached by a simple disc; primary branching irregular, remote, the branches = uniform in width throughout although slightly narrowed at the base; secondary branching pinnate, distichous, relatively dense, the pinnae often at intervals of 2-3 mm.; pinnae + determinate in growth, lanceo- late to linear-lanceolate, tapered to the base, mostly 0.5-2.0 cm. long, seldom over 4 cm. long, sometimes deciduous from lower primary axes; transections of upper primary axes about 500 p thick, and of secondary pinnae about 200 p» thick, showing a dense, small-celled outer cortex, a transitional, larger-celled inner cortex, and a dense medulla of inter- twined, compacted filaments 5-12 » in diameter; outer cortex of anti- clinal rows of 3-9 quadrate cells 3.0-3.5 » in diameter; subcortex of several irregular layers of rotund cells up to 30 » in diameter, the largest on the inside next to the medulla; tetrasporangia borne in nemathecial 284 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 sori confined mainly to the secondary pinnae, the sori covering most of the flattened surfaces, or often the entire pinna, cruciate, long-elliptical, about 30 » long and 11 p» wide, the degree of nemathecial modification of the fertile cortex variable; cystocarps confined mainly to secondary pinnae, embedded, ostiolate, abundant and often crowded, 200-300 yp in diameter, the gonimoblast prominently pedicellate from the auxiliary cell; antheridia borne in nemathecial sori on the secondary pinnae, the outer cortical cells becoming transformed in the nemathecium into sunken antheridia and overarching, clavate paraphyses. Type: Holotype is a collection by David Douglas, without date or number, in the Harvey Herbarium, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. Type LocAtity: Monterey, California. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif—Cooper 537, Playa Rosarita, Mar.; D. 277, 8 km. south of Punta Descanso, Jan.; Cooper 791, Punta Santo Tomas, Mar.; C. Johnson, Aug. 1945, Bahia Soledad ; D. 59, 59a, Cabo Colnett, Jan.; D. 186, near mouth of Rio San Telmo, Jan.; D. 8762, Punta San Quintin, Jan.; D. 8827, Jan., D. 1192, 1208, Apr., Punta Baja; D. 8657, 8685, Bahia Rosario, Jan.; D. 9779, Apr., Taylor 633, Mar., Isla Cedros; D. 2789, Punta Santa Rosalia, Oct. The development of the carposporophyte in this species has been care- fully worked out by Sjoestedt (1926). The structure and nemathecial tetrasporangial sori are well illustrated by Harvey (1853). Distinctive characters in this species seem to be found in the irregular primary branching, the determinate growth and commonly deciduous nature of the secondary pinnae, and the confinement of reproductive structures to the pinnae. Zanardinula delicatula (Taylor) comb. nov. Prionitis filiformis f. delicatula Taylor 1945, p. 210, pl. 66, fig. 1. Zanardinula filiformis {. delicatula (Taylor) Dawson 1945b, p. 94; Dawson 1951, p. 53. Thalli up to 13 cm. tall, bushy, blackish-purple in color, tough, cartilaginous when dry, consisting of several much-branched, flattened, erect axes about 1 mm. broad from a relatively broad discoid holdfast ; primary branching irregular, at variable intervals; secondary branch- ing essentially pinnate, but not strictly distichous, relatively dense, especially in upper parts; pinnae at variable intervals but often grouped 1 mm. apart or less, simple, commonly rather uniformly 15 mm. long, NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 285 but reaching 2-3 cm. long, tapering somewhat to their bases, subacute ; segments usually flattened and + uniform in width throughout, 0.6-1.0 mm. wide, 180-300 p» thick; transection showing a cortex of anticlinal rows of 3-4 small, pigmented, squarish cells up to 4 » in diameter on the outside, and 2-3 irregular inner layers of rotund cells to 12 » in dia- meter; medulla densely stuffed with intertwined filaments ; reproduction not seen. Type: Holotype is Taylor 637, Mar. 10, 1934, on sheet 193 in HAHF. Type tocaLity: Bahia Sur, Isla Cedros, Baja California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Pacific Baja Calif —D. 9401, Islas San Benito, May; D. 9798, 9789, Bahia Sur, Isla Cedros, Apr.; D. 9159, Bahia Asuncion, Apr.; D. 9287, Punta Entrada, Isla Magdalena, May. All of the specimens collected to date (between March 10 and May 8) are sterile. Some of them are obviously juvenile while others appear to be near maturity. One may expect reproductive material to be obtain- able during the summer months. Taylor described this plant as a form of Prionitis filiformis Kylin, comparing it to specimens identified as that species from the same locality. These specimens (Taylor 34-633) have now been recognized as Zanar- dinula lanceolata (see above). Z. filiformis, as represented by topotype examples from San Francisco, California, is an entirely different plant with sparse, remote, dichotomous primary branching and very short, determinate secondary branchlets. Z. delicatula is. irregularly, densely and bushily branched, and the secondary branchlets are relatively long. Apparently closely related to Zanardinula delicatula and perhaps ultimately to be united with it are three collections of a somewhat larger plant from Punta Baja and from Isla Magdalena. These plants have the same slender proportions (0.8-1.3 mm. broad), the irregular primary branching and approximate, indeterminate secondary pinnate branching. Some of them are tetrasporic and up to 25 cm. high. Those which most closely resemble the type of Z. delicatula are from upper littoral tide pools at Punta Baja (D. 8893, Jan.). Zanardinula mexicana (Dawson) Dawson Pl. 24, fig. 70 Dawson 1945b, p. 93; Dawson 1949, p. 246. Prionitis mexicana Dawson 1944, p. 283, pl. 67, fig. 2. Thalli 8-25 cm. high, attached by a discoid holdfast up to 1 cm. broad from which arise several to many slender, erect, branched axes; erect axes -+ percurrent, with sparse, irregular, primary branching, 286 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 compressed or flattened, or occasionally subterete, 0.7-0.9 mm. broad, 200-400 » thick; apices semi-acute, not much attenuated; secondary branchlets polystichous but tending to be distichous, constricted at the base, determinate in growth, mostly 2-5 mm. long, mostly simple, nearly as broad as the bearing axis; transection showing a dense medulla of intertwined, compacted filaments adjoining the subcortex of about 3 layers of ovoid cells 12-14 » in greatest diameter, and a pigmented cortex of + anticlinally arranged rows of about 3 squarish cells 3.0-3.5 p in diameter; secondary growth of the outer cortex in age amplifying it considerably ; tetrasporangia borne in nemathecial sori mainly confined to and covering the determinate secondary branchlets, cruciate, of non- uniform shape, 23-35 pw long, 9-11 » wide; sexual material not seen. Type: Holotype is Dawson 628-40, Feb. 16, 1940, on sheet 31 in HAHF. Type LocaLity: Rocky reef, Bahia San Jose del Cabo, Baja California, Mexico. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: Baja Calif. del Sur—D. 29-40, dredged, Mar., Bahia Santa Maria, Isla Magdalena, Jan.; D. 3311, 3348, 3369, 3411, Nov., D. 6771, Cabeza Ballena. The new material from Cabeza Ballena includes some richly developed, mature tetrasporangial specimens, but lacks sexual material. These clearly show the slender proportions, the irregular primary branch- ing, and the usually determinate, + polystichous, secondary branchlets which are distinctive of this apparently localized species. Lobocolax deformans Howe Howe 1914, p. 91, pl. 32, fig. A, text figs. 20-39; Kylin 1941, p. 13, fig. 4; Smith 1944, p. 248, pl. 57, fig. 4; Taylor 1945, p. 213; Dawson 1945c, p. 66; Doty 1947, p. 174. Thalli parasitic ? on species of Zanardinula, the same color or paler than the host, consisting of smooth, convoluted or lobed, wartlike sessile cushions 1-8 mm. broad, 1-4 mm. high, attached by a broad, penetrating base which occupies part of the medullary area of the host, made up of a dense tissue of irregularly shaped but roughly ovoid cells ranging in size from 5 to 25 p» interspersed among branched filaments of elongate cells ; asexual reproduction said to be by a kind of monospore produced in the cortical region of the cushion; sexual reproduction reported but disput- able. No. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 287 Type: Holotype is Coker 144, Mar. 27, 1907, in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, New York. A fragment of the host bearing several “warts” is in HAHF. TypE LOCALITY: Growing on Zanardinula decipiens at Lobos de Afuera, Peru. MEXICAN DISTRIBUTION: ‘This peculiar structure occurs on various species of Zanardinula along northern Pacific Baja California to Isla Cedros and Isla Natividad. The lack of any clearly identifiable repro- ductive organs, despite the abundance of the cushions, suggests that they probably do not represent an independent organism, but rather may be a malformation resulting from a parasitic bacterial ? infection. Callymeniaceae Except for the doubtful Callymenia? pertusa, with only a single genus in the Mexican flora. Callophyllis Kitzing The publication of Setchell’s Revision of the West North American Species of Callophyllis in 1923 could have been a landmark in the study of this difficult genus. However, he chose to publish a regrettably short outline of his studies, without illustration and with only the briefest of validating descriptions in Latin. The key to the species, which might have been the one saving grace, was made unworkable by a major typo- graphical error. As a result, the identification of most species of Callo- phyllis along the Pacific Coast has not been facilitated and has required the matching of material with the type specimens in the Herbarium of the University of California. This has necessarily been the procedure followed in the present study of the Mexican species of the genus. Since a considerable number of species occur in Mexico and require illustration in this paper, it was felt that further study of this genus would be greatly aided if all the species described from the Pacific Coast were to be illustrated here together. Accordingly, in addition to more detailed treatment of the Mexican species, the following account also deals briefly with each of the others. They are listed alphabetically, and in each case a photograph of the type specimen or of a specimen suitably representative of the type is given. It is also felt that future students will derive some aid from the reprinting of Setchell’s key with inclusion of the critical third line which was originally dropped out by the typesetter. This follows below and precedes the writer’s key to the Mexican species of Callophyllis. 288 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 OS 22 90090,000000 00 000.000 a Set Ser UO jb GP-S C SAPO 00% 000.00 O 0D 00° Rath soak | 25 27 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. li PLATE 4 Figs. 29-34. Halymenia actinophysa Howe. Fig. 29. Outermost cortical layer in D. 138-40, Isla Tiburén, as seen in surface view to show size and arrangement of cells. Fig. 30. Transection of a thin specimen, D. 6920, Canal de San Lorenzo, Baja Calif. Figs. 31-32. Transections of medium thick specimens, D. 6980 and 6964, respectively, Bahia Salinas, Isla Carmén, Baja Calif. Note the fila- ments filled with highly refractive material. Fig. 33. Transection of a thick specimen, D. 6879, Bahia de San Lucas, Baja Calif., from a depth of 40 meters. Fig. 34. A young gonimoblast from D. 6980, Bahia Salinas, Isla Carmén, Baja Calif. s. 35-36. Zanardinula andersoniana (Eaton) Papenfuss. Fig. 35. A carpogonial branch system from D,. 234, Punta Des- canso, Baja Calif. Fig. 36. An auxiliary cell system from the same. Note the larger size compared with the carpo- gonial branch system. WO p- ee WES OAC DOOOO OCVOL oe 33 ; os MM : ‘ | 36 35 52 u | i ; S a 90. _ = S ENS S ) \ ocl 2 pOaIRON Bl) < ee 3\) = Bb S SYS Eh : YON we: SSS Ee eS SS SSS SS ee av—Wes ts) OCcoeoosc@ So& 28 eRe SO | S2 ° q5— Q 0 QO 90 318 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 IWUAIOID, S Figs. 37-39. Zanardinula acroidalea (Setch. & Gard.) Dawson. All drawn from D. 648-40, the type collection of Prionitis kinoensis Dawson. Fig. 37. An auxiliary cell system. Fig. 38. A young gonimoblast. Fig. 39. Transection of an outer portion of an antheridial thallus. Fig. 40. Zanardinula lanceolata (Harvey) J. De Yoni. Part of a transection of an antheridial plant from D. 5843, Santa Cruz Island, Calif. Fig. 41. Callophyllis pinnata Setch. & Swezy. Sectional outline of a cystocarp of D, 8911, Punta Baja, Baja Calif. X 19. Figs. 42-43. Callophyllis violacea J. Agardh. Fig. 42. Sectional outline of a cystocarp of D. 182, near Cabo Colnett, Baja Calif. X 14. Fig. 43. Part of a transection of a tetra- sporangial thallus of D. 8645, Socorro, Baja Calif. Fig. 44. Callophyllis violacea var. epiphytica Dawson. Sec- tional outline of a cystocarp of Osorio-Tafall, 9/1/46, Isla San Roque, Baja Calif. X 17.5. Fig. 45. Callophyllis marginifructa Setch. & Swezy. Sectional outline of a cystocarp of D. 9705, Punta San Quintin, Baja Calit. xX 20: Fig. 46. Callophyllis megalocarpa Setch. & Swezy. Sectional out- line of a cystocarp of Cooper 858, Punta Descanso, Baja Calif. X 10. 13 bi MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON : 320 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS WOL-ale7 PEAGE 6 Fig. 47. Grateloupia howet Setch. & Gard. Habit of a specimen of D. 8356, Isla Guadalupe, Baja Calif. Fig. 48. Grateloupta versicolor (J. Agardh) J. Agardh. Habit of a cystocarpic plant of D. 6761, Cabeza Ballena, Baja Calif. NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 6 ee ee teeet i 3) i. A oe a ; ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS LEAL ANIC) “7 Fig. 49. Grateloupia prolongata J. Agardh. Habit of a sporangial plant of D. 3818, Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. VOL. tetra- NO. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO Pies Oo ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PLATE 8 Fig. 50. Grateloupia schizophylla Witz. Habit of a tetrasporangial plant of D. 9260, Punta Entrada, Isla Magdalena, Baja Calif. DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. OW ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PLATE 9 Fig. 51. Gratelougia multiphylla Dawson. Habit of the tetra- sporangial holotype specimen, D. 9270, Punta Entrada, Isla Magdalena, Baja California. NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 9 Un nN ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PEATE 10 Grateloupia abreviata Kylin. Habit of a specimen from Punta Banda, Baja California (Fork 10/13/45). Grateloupia dactylifera Dawson. Habit of the cystocarpic holotype specimen, D. 1897, Ensenada de San Francisco, Sonora. 17 NO. PL. 330 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL PAC AGE ial Fig. 54. Halymenia agardhiu De Toni. Habit of a specimen of Taylor 39-646A, dredged near Isla Maria Magdalena, Las Tres Marias, Nayarit. Fig. 55. Polyopes bushiae Farlow. Habit of a specimen of D. 10522, Punta Norte, Isla Cedros, Baja California. aly NO. DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO METRIC 1 . 2 “ee 3 4; 5) herr treet res beer pee e peter pr tre err tee Bet : i P7ehi i iff i Pl 332 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL -vli7 ALN IS, Z Fig. 56. Halymenia bifida Dawson. Habit of a cystocarpic specimen of the type collection, D. 6745, Punta Frailes, Baja Cali- fornia. 8 oe DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 56 PI. 304 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PICA E 13 Fig. 57. Halymenta californica Smith & Hollenberg. Habit of D. 1567 from Bahia Ositos, near Punta Maria, Baja California. 17 NO. DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO 3 4 | C13; es eS Ee He tn Pras 336 Fig. 58. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 14 Halymenia megaspora Dawson. Habit of a paratype speci- men of D, 6904A, Canal de San Lorenzo, Baja California. Attachment is to a piece of coral in the central region of the thallus. VOL. ihe NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO pL. 14+ = 338 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOR L/ ALAN, 315) Figs. 59-60. Halymenia actinophysa Howe. Fig. 59. Habit of a speci- men of D. 888, from drift, Bahia Agua Dulce, Isla Ti- burén, Sonora. Note the rather heavy, branched stipe. Fig. 60. Habit of a specimen of D. 7216, dredged from Ensenada de San Francisco, Sonora. No. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PINS , ' ql " eter treater trayrtreestirerty tire er 5. } EERSTE ET aeeaae: i 340 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLs ly, PLATE, 16 Fig. 61. Halymenta actinophysa Howe. Habit of a specimen from D. 6879, dredged from Bahia de San Lucas, Baja Cali- fornia. —_< NO. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 16 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 17 Fig. 62. Zanardinula andersoniana (Eaton) Papenfuss. Habit of a tetrasporangial (left) and a cystocarpic (right) speci- men from D. 17, Cabo Colnett, Baja California, to show variability in the degree of proliferous pinnate branch- ing. VOL. 17 | eG MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON : 5 NO. 344 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PLATE 18 Fig. 63. Zanardinula lyallii (Harvey) J. De Toni, var.? Habit of a specimen of D, 595, Ensenada de San Francisco, Sonora. NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 18 46 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 RICA a9 Fig. 64. Zanardinula abbreviata (Setch. & Gard.) J. De Toni var. abbreviata. Habit of a mature, tetrasporic example of D. 1852, Ensenada de San Francisco, Sonora. 19 PL. MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON: bpd L Sidlaw) 348 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PEATE, 20 Fig. 65. Zanardinula abbreviata (Setch. & Gard.) J. De Toni var. abbreviata. Habit of a juvenile example showing broad, spatulate blades. D. 520, Ensenada Bocochibampo, Sonora. Fig. 66. Zanardinula abbreviata Dawson. Habit of Empalme, Sonora. var. guaymasensis (Dawson) a mature plant of D. 3494, Bahia DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 20 350 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PAZ Fig.67. Zanardinula vizcainensis Dawson. Habit of two tetra- sporangial examples from the type collection, D. 10362, Punta San Eugenio, Baja California. 17 NO. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 21 io) Cn bo ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Olesen READE 22 Fig 68. Zanardinula cornea (Okamura) Dawson. Habit of two mature examples from San Pedro, California (Gardner 1898). NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PLZZ ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PIAS E28 Fig. 69. Zanardinula lanceolata (Harvey) J. De Toni. Habit of an example (much like Harvey’s type) from Cabo Colnett, Baja California, D. 59. PE MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON: NO. 69 iS) Cn Oo ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PLATE 24 Fig. 70. Zanardinula mexicana (Dawson) Dawson. Habit of a mature tetrasporangial plant of D. 3411, Cabeza Ballena, Baja California. MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL: DAWSON : NO. 358 Fig. 71. Fig. 72. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL.te/: PLATE 25 Callophyllis acrocarpa Setchell. Habit of the cystocarpic type specimen from Santa Cruz, California (UC 150912). Callophyllis flabellulata Harvey. Habit of a specimen from the type collection from Vancouver Island. MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON : NO. 360 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS WO, It 7/ PIVAG E26 Fig. 73. Callophyllis crassifolia Setch. & Swezy. Habit of the cysto- carpic type specimen from Pacific Grove, California (UC 92800). NO. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 26 SG ioe ee ne Cnn ae } METRIC 1) 2 ; 3 4 5 362 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. li7 RIVA ES 2/7, Fig. 74. Callophyllis crenulata Setchell. Habit of the cystocarpic type specimen, Gardner 145, from Whidbey Island, Washington (WG 8277/5): 364 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PLATE 28 Fig. 75. Callophyllis dissecta Setch. & Swezy. Habit of the cysto- carpic type specimen, Johnston 138, from San Pedro, California (UC 92776). No. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 28 366 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PVAIE 29 Fig. 76. Callophyllis edentata Kylin. Habit of an isotype specimen of Kylin 7/22/24, from Turn Island, near Friday Harbor, Washington (UC 279585). No. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 29 phe. 368 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. £7 PLATE 30 Fig. 77. Callophyllis filicina Setch. & Swezy. Habit of the tetra- sporic holotype, Gardner 1913g, from Venice, California (UC 77819). NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 30 | METRIC j | METRIC Mt nah Ne eS ee ee Oe — 5) were Y “a: oo * 370 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS ViOles ily; Jed aN IPs 331 Fig. 78. Callophyllis gardneri Setchell. Habit of a cystocarpic iso- type of Gardner 2428a, from Venice, California (HAHF 1690). PL. MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON: NO. iii [METRIC 1) 2) ic = bart ete eae! SB 78 , bo ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. RE AGE S32 Fig. 79. Callophyllis heanophylla Setchell. Habit of one of the two specimens on the holotype sheet, Gardner 2291, from Canoe Island, San Juan County, Washington (UC 651624). iy) No. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO Pls 32 9 ieroe yg S | 374 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Wowie 17) PACA ES 938 Fig. 80. Callophyllis marginifructa Setch. & Swezy. Habit of the cystocarpic type specimen from San Pedro, California (UC SATS \s PLAS MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON NO. 2 2 tert y f { nc 4 beens 376 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PLATE 34 Fig. 81. Callophyllis megalocarpa Setch. & Swezy. Photograph of the holotype sheet, UC 92737. No. 2 DAWSON: MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 34 378 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PEATE 35 Fig. 82. Callophyllis obtusifolia J. Agardh. Photoreproduction of the drawings of one of the type specimens collected by Haenke, as presented by J. Agardh in his Florideernes Morphologi, 1879, plate 14. VOL. 17 PL. 35 MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO DAWSON NO. 2 380 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS vou PLATE 36 Fig. 83. Callophyllis obtustfolia J. Agardh. Habit of a mature cysto- carpic plant (above) and a mature antheridial plant (below), from Cabo Colnett, Baja California (D. 5148). NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 36 oN) IO ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 VEAL ANICIS, 337) Fig. 84. Callophyllis odonthaltoides Setchell. Habit of the cystocarpic holotype specimen from Santa Cruz, California (UC 367783). NO. 4 ? DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. oN) ~I 384 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 17 PAAR EE 38 Fig. 85. Callophyllis oregona Doty. Habit of a paratype specimen of Doty 5063, from Brookings, Oregon (HAHF 15360). PL. 38 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO NO. 386 Fig. 86. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOI. ies RARE E39 Callophyllis phyllohaptera Dawson. Habit of two examples of the type collection, D. 9095, from Islas San Benito, Baja California, one of them showing the attachment to the sub- strate by means of prostrate, blade-like parts. NO. DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO peppy 4 t - o < ~ w = rT | PL. 39 388 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL awh PLATE 40 Fig. 87. Callophyllis pinnata Setch. & Swezy. Photograph of the holotype sheet (UC 92762). DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 40 390 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PLATE 41 Fig. 88. Callophyllis plumosa Setch. & Swezy. Habit of the cysto- carpic holotype specimen, Reed 47, from La Jolla, Cali- fornia (UC 92773). 17 NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 41 io) ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PLATE 42 Fig. 89. Callophyllis stenophylla Setchell. Habit of the cystocarpic holotype specimen, Setchell and Nichols 6399, from Dux- bury Reef, Marin County, California (UC 92766). DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO PL. 42 NO. 2 394 Fig. 90. Fig. 91. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PLATE 43 Callophyllis thompsoni Setchell. Habit of the cystocarpic type specimen from Canoe Island, San Juan County, Washington (UC 367784). Callophyllis violacea var. epiphytica Dawson. Habit of the cystocarpic holotype specimen, D. 6576, from Bahia Tor- tuga, Baja California. 7 NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO pL. 43 396 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL PLATE 44 Fig. 92. Callophyllis vtolacea J. Agardh var. violacea. Habit of a cystocarpic specimen of D. 9723, from near Punta San Quintin, Baja California. This is very much like the Agardh type. By, NO. 2 DAWSON : MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO pL. 44 Paes wee a es ey ts are ahah 3 & = an “te ye: Ths 4 . Ss: “wi -_ 6 a aS a ® | ry a = a a ee 2 | . P Aa me She _ P| te igh = io i se WF, ALLAN HANCOCK) PACIFIC: EXPEDITIONS VOLUME. 17 TN DEX Illustrations are in bold face type abbottae, Liagora, 34, 41, 177, 203 abbreviata, Prionitis, 279 Zanardinula, 275, 279, 347, 349 var. guaymasensis, Zanardinula, 275, 279, 349 abreviata, Grateloupia, 245, 255, 329 abrotanifolia, Cystoseira, 6 abyssicola, Halymenia, 268, 271, 315 acerosa, Gelidiella, 60, 82 acerosum, Echinocaulon, 82 acerosus, Fucus, 82 acrocarpa, Callophyllis, 288, 289, 359 Acrochaetiaceae, 19, Acrochaetium, 19, 25 amphiroae, 19, 27 ascidiophilum, 19, 21, 193 bonnemaisoniae, 19, 24 borneti, 19, 23 corymbiferum, 23 crassipes, 31 daviesii, 3, 19, 28 eastwoodae, 19, 24 grateloupiae, 19 hancockii, 19, 25, 197 infestans, 21 japonicum, 24 pacificum, 20, 29 penetrale, 19, 21 plumosum, 19, 27 punctatum, 19, 25, 32, 177 rhizoideum, 19, 23 scinaiae, 19, 26 secundatum, 32 sinicolum, 19, 26, 197 spiculiphilum, 19, 22, 193 spongicolum, 22 variabile, 20, 29 acroidalea, Grateloupia, 277, 278 Zanardinula, 275, 277, 319 actinophysa, Halymenia, 268, 272, 273, 317, 339, 341 aculeata, Corallina, 126, 128 officinalis var., 126 vancouveriensis var., 123, 128 adhaerens, Jania, 116, 117 agardhii, Halymenia, 267, 268, 331 alsidii, Goniotrichum, 3 Amphiroa, 113, 134, 145 anceps, 143 annulata, 134, 136, 137, 138, 150, 231 var. pinnata, 137 brevianceps, 135, 142, 235 compressa, 148 var. tenuis, 146, 148 crosslandii, 135, 148 dimorpha, 134, 141, 148 drouetii, 134, 135, 140, 227 foliacea, 134, 135, 148 fragilissima, 149, 150 franciscana, 135, 148, 149 var. robusta, 150 magdalenensis, 135, 143, 233 mexicana, 135, 145, 147 orbigniana, 153 peninsularis, 145, 146, 147, 148 pusilla, 140, 141, 146 rigida, 139, 140 subcylindrica, 134, 139, 231 taylorii, 134,.138, 225 valonioides, 137 zonata, 135, 140, 141, 146 amphiroae, Acrochaetium, 19, 27 Rhodochorton, 27 amplissima, Asparagopsis sanfordiana forma, 57 anceps, Amphiroa, 143 andersoniana, Prionitis, 276 Zanardinula, 275, 276, 317, 343 andersonii, Cumagloia, 33, 37 Laminaria, 30 Nemalion, 37 angustata, Bossea, 151, 152 Callymenia, 261 Cryptonemia, 259, 261, 263, 313 angustifrons, Galaxaura, 54 annulata, Amphiroa, 134, 136, 137, 138 150, 231 var. pinnata, Amphiroa, 137 arborea, Galaxaura, 44, 49, 207 arborescens, Gelidium, 66 arcuata, Kylinia, 20, 31 arcuatum, Rhodochorton, 31 armata, Gigartina, 247 [399] 400 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS articulata, Scinaia, 27, 46, 47 ascendens, Erythrotrichia, 4, 6, 175 ascidiophilum, Acrochaetium, 19, 21, 193 asparagoides, Bonnemaisonia, 24, 56 Asparagopsis hamifera, 55 sanfordiana, 57 forma amplissima, 57 taxiformis, 57 aspergillum, Lithothrix, 113, 133 australis, Ethelia, 101 porphyra naiadum vyar., 15, 201 calcea, Peyssonelia, 98, 107 californica, Bonnemaisonia, 56, 88 Erythrotrichia, 4, 8, 11, 175 Gigartina, 30 Gloiosiphonia, 92 Grateloupia, 250, 251 Halymenia, 267, 270, 335 Helminthocladia, 24, 33, 37, 197 australis forma, 37 Liagora, 34, 39, 42, 177, 205 Nemastoma, 92 Pikea, 87, 90, 185, 219 forma californica, Helminthocladia, Calliarthron cheilosporioides, 113, 189 37 avalona, Grateloupia, 254 Bangia, 12 ciliaris, 10 elegans, 3 enteromorphoides, 12, 13, 175 fusco-purpurea, 12, 13 Bangiaceae, 12 bertholdii, Erythrotrichia, 9 bifida, Halymenia, 267, 269, 313, 333 binghamiae, Leptocladia, 87, 88, 89, 185, 219 biradiata, Ethelia, 101 biseriata, Erythrotrichia, 4, 7 Blossevillea (Cystophora), 10 Bonnemaisonia, 19, 24, 56 asparagoides, 24, 56 californica, 56, 88 hamifera, 24, 55, 209 nootkana, 56 Bonnemaisoniaceae, 55 bonnemaisoniae, Acrochaetium, 19, 24 Chantransia, 24 Colaconema, 24 borealis, Cryptonemia, 260 borneti, Acrochaetium, 19, 23 boryana, Erythrotrichia, 4, 7 Porphyra, 7 Bossea, 27, 100, 113, 150 angustata, 151, 152 cooperi, 151, 158, 161, 189, 221 corymbifera, 158, 161 dichotoma, 151, 155, 189 frondifera, 155, 161 gardneri, 151, 154, 159 insularis, 151, 159, 189, 223 ligulata, 151, 156, 159, 189, 225 orbigniana, 151, 153, 159 pachyclada, 151, 189 plumosa, 159, 161 sagittata, 151, 157, 189, 237 brevianceps, Amphiroa, 135, 142, 235 Bryothamnion, 3 bushiae, Cryptonemia, 265 Polyopes, 265, 267, 313, 331 Byssus purpurea, 20 Callithamnion daviesii var. secundatum, 32 endovaginum, 19, 254 Callophyllis, 287, 288, 293, 300 acrocarpa, 288, 289, 359 crassifolia, 288, 289, 291, 295, 361 crenulata, 288, 290, 363 dissecta, 288, 289, 290, 365 edentata, 291, 367 filicina, 288,291, 292, 293, 369 flabellulata, 288, 289, 291, 295, 359 gardneri, 288, 289, 291, 292, 371 gracilarioides, 302 heanophylla, 288, 293, 373 johnstonii, 293, 294 marginifructa, 288, 289, 291, 294, 298, 319, 375 megalocarpa, 288, 289, 295, 302, 319, 377 obtusifolia, 288, 289, 291, 296, 299, 379, 381 odonthalioides, 288, 295, 298, 383 oregona, 298, 385 phyllohaptera, 289, 298, 387 pinnata, 288, 289, 299, 319, 389 plumosa, 288, 301, 391 stenophylla, 288, 301, 393 thompsonii, 288, 301, 395 violacea, 288, 289, 295, 296, 298, 301, 302, 303, 319, 397 var. cpiphyticn, 296, 302, 319, 395 Callymenia, 261, 303 angustata, 261 guaymasensis, 263 pertusa, 287, 303 tenuifolia, 261 veleroae, 262 Callymeniaceae, 287 caloglossoides, Gelidium, 76, 77, 78 Pterocladia, 60, 76, 185 calvadosii, Helminthocladia, 23 canariensis, Hildenbrandia, 97 capillacea, Jania, 114, 116, 119, 191 Pterocladia, 81 capillaceum, Pterocladia, 81 VoL. 17 INDEX capillaris, Gloiopeltis, 94 Gloiosiphonia, 93 carnea, Conferva, 10 Erythrotrichia, 4, 9, 10 forma tenuis, Erythrotrichia, 10 Carpopeltis cornea, 282 cartilagineum, Gelidium, 69 var. robustum, Gelidium, 59, 71 Caulerpa, 28 caulifera, Peyssonelia, 102 ceranoides, Liagora, 34, 39 forma leprosa, Liagora, 38, 41, 177, 207 Chaetangiaceae, 44 Chaetomorpha, 10 Chantransia bonnemaisoniae, 24 cheilosporioides, Calliarthron, 113, 189 chilensis, Corallina, 132 officinalis var., 123, 132, 229 Chondria decipiens, 9 Choreocolacaceae, 304 Choreocolax polysiphoniae, 304 Choreonema, 119 Chromastrum porphyrae, 30 Chrysymenia dichotomo-flabellata, 268 ciliaris, Bangia, 10 Erythrotrichia, 4, 10, 175 Cladophora, 6 clarionensis, Peyssonelia, 98, 108, 19351955239 Polyopes, 265, 266 clavata, Liagora, 40 Codium, 19, 23, 58 fragile, 11, 23 hubbsii, 23 Colaconema bonnemaisoniae, 24 simplex, 24 collinsii, Polysiphonia, 304 Colpomenia, 7 complanata, Pterocladia, 60, 78 Scinaia, 44 compressa, Amphiroa, 148 var. tenuis, Amphiroa, 146, 148 conchicola, Gelidium pusillum var., 63 Peyssonelia, 98, 105, 195 conferta, Leptocladia, 88 Conferva carnea, 10 daviesii, 28 fusco-purpurea, 13 confusa, Gloiophloea, 27, 44, 48, 181 constrictus, Polyopes, 266 cooperi, Bossea, 151, 158, 161, 189, 221 Corallina, 113, 115, 122, 124, 127 aculeata, 126, 128 chilensis, 132 cubensis, 123 decussato-dichotoma, 117 densa, 126 gracilis, 123, 127, 129, 133, 223 401 forma densa, 126, 127, 129 var. lycopodioides, 126, 129 var. verticillata, 123, 130, 223 janioides, 115, 122, 123, 191 officinalis, 125, 133 var. aculeata, 126 var. chilensis, 123, 132, 229 forma multiramosa, 126 forma robusta, 132 pilulifera, 125 pinnatifolia, 122, 124, 191 var. digitata, 122, 125, 191, 233 polysticha, 122, 131, 191, 231 subulata, 130, 131 ungulata, 120 vancouveriensis, 126, 128, 133, 229 var. aculeata, 123, 128 var. densa, 123, 128, 129 var. lycopodioides, 123, 127, 128, 129 Corallinaceae, 113 Corallinoideae, 113 cornea, Carpopeltis, 282 Grateloupia, 282 Zanardinula, 275, 282, 353 Cornicularia, 127 coronadense, Gelidium, 59, 67, 181, 217 corymbifera, Bossea, 158, 161 corymbiferum, Acrochaetium, 23 Rhodochorton, 23 cottonii, Scinaia, 46, 47 coulteri, Gastroclonium, 11 Gelidium, 59, 70 crassifolia, Callophyllis, 288, 289, 291, 29 5 SOliinn: crassipes, Acrochaetium, 31 Kylinia, 20, 31 var. longiseta, Kylinia, 31 crenulata, Callophyllis, 288, 290, 363 crinale, Gelidium, 59, 64, 65, 83, 181 var. lubricus, Gelidium, 64 var. luxurians, Gelidium, 59, 65, 181 crinalis, Fucus, 64 crispum, Gelidium, 69 crocea, Tubularia, 5 crosslandii, Amphiroa, 135, 148 crouani, Haematophloea, 99 Hildenbrandia, 97 Cruoriella, 97, 110 dubyi, 98, 111, 187 fissurata, 98, 109, 187, 221 hancockii, 98, 110, 193, 195, 239 magdalenae, 98, 111, 187 Cruoriopsis, 100 mexicana, 97, 99, 193 rosenvingii, 100 Cryptonemia, 244, 259, 260, 261, 263, 265 402 borealis, 260 bushiae, 265 decolorata, 260, 264, 313 guaymasensis, 259, 263 lomation, 260 obovata, 259, 260, 263, 311 veleroae, 259, 262 cubensis, Corallina, 123 Cumagloia andersonii, 33, 37 cutleriae, Grateloupia, 251 forma maxima, Grateloupia, 245 cylindricum, Gelidium pusillum var., 63 Cystoclonium, 253 Cystophora, 28 Cystoseira, 8, 28, 30 abrotanifolia, 6 dactylifera, Grateloupia, 245, 257, 329 daviesii, Acrochaetium, 3, 19, 28 Conferva, 28 var. secundatum, Callithamnion, 32 deciduum, Gelidium, 59, 68, 183, 217 decipiens, Chondria, 9 Zanardinula, 287 decolorata, Cryptonemia, 260, 264, 313 decompositum, Gelidium, 31, 59, 67 decussata, Liagora, 38, 39 decussato-dichotoma, Corallina, 117 Jania, 114, 117, 227 deformans, Lobocolax, 286 delicatula, Prionitis filiformis forma, 284, 285 Zanardinula, 276, 284 filiformis forma, 284 densa, Corallina, 126 gracilis forma, 126, 127, 129 vancouveriensis var., 123, 128, 29 Pterocladia, 80, 81 okamurai forma, 79, 80 densissima, Zanardinula lyallii forma, Di densum, Gelidium, 70 denticulata, Grateloupia, 248 Dermocorynidaceae, 243 Dermocorynus occidentalis, 243 dichotoma, Bossea, 151, 155, 189 Grateloupia, 258 dichotomo-flabellata, Chrysymenia, 268 Dictyotay 5,6; 83 215.26 masonii, 25 Digenia simplex, 115 digitata, Corallina pinnatifolia var., 122, 125, 191, 233 dilatata, Halymenia, 273 dimorpha, Amphiroa, 134, 141, 148 discigera, Erythropeltis, 3, 6 Erythrotrichia, 6 dissecta, Callophyllis, 288, 289, 290, 365 divaricatus, Gymnogongrus, 294 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 doryophora, Halymena, 251 drouetii, Amphiroa, 134, 135, 140, 227 Lomentaria, 252 dubyi, Cruoriella, 98, 111, 187 Peyssonelia, 111 eastwoodae, Acrochaetium, 19, 24 Rhodochorton, 24 eatoniana, Gigartina, 246 Echinocaulon acerosum, 82 ectozoica, Erythrocladia, 3, 4, 193 edentata, Callophyllis, 291, 367 Egregia, 28 Eisenia, 8, 99 elegans, Bangia, 3 Goniotrichum, 3 elminthoides, Fucus, 34 Nemalion, 34 Ulva, 34 Endocladia muricata, 93, 94 Endocladiaceae, 93 endovaginum, Callithamnion, 19, 254 enteromorphoides, Bangia, 12, 13, 175 epiphytica, Callophyllis violacea var., 2965 30253195395 Erythrocladia, 3 ectozoica, 3, 4, 193 irregularis, 4, 5 polymorpha, 5 subintegra, 3, 5 Erythropeltis discigera, 3, 6 Erythrotrichia, 3 ascendens, 4, 6, 175 bertholdii, 9 biseriata, 4, 7 boryana, 4, 7 californica, 4, 8, 11, 175 carnea, 4, 9, 10 forma tenuis, 10 ciliaris, 4, 10, 175 discigera, 6 investiens, 10, 12 kylinii, 9 porphyroides, 7, 8 pulvinata, 4, 8, 11, 175 reflexa, 7 tetraseriata, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 175 Erythrotrichiaceae, 3 Ethelia australis, 101 biradiata, 101 fosliei, 101 mexicana, 97, 100, 195 pacifica, 101 vanbosseae, 101 Eucheuma, 7 Falkenbergia hillebrandii, 57, 58 farinosa, Liagora, 34, 43, 177, 201 forma pinnatiramosa, Liagora, 43 fastigiata, Galaxaura, 44, 50, 213 Polysiphonia, 304 INDEX filamentosa, Galaxaura, 44, 51, 211 filicina, Callophyllis, 288, 291, 292, 293, 369 Grateloupia, 245, 246, 247, 252, 254, 256, 257 var. lomentaria, Grateloupia, RV, PLpyes filicinus, Fucus, 252 filiformis, Prionitis, 283, 285 Zanardinula, 281, 285 forma delicatula, Prionitis, 284, 285 Zanardinula, 284 fissurata, Cruoriella, 98, 109, 187, 221 flabellata, Isymenia, 268 flabellulata, Callophyllis, 288, 289, 291, 295, 359 flagelliformis, Galaxaura, 53 foliacea, Amphiroa, 134, 135, 148 Ishige, 267 formosana, Liagora, 40, 41 fosliei, Ethelia, 101 fragile, Codium, 11, 23 fragilissima, Amphiroa, 149, 150 franciscana, Amphiroa, 135, 148, 149 var. robusta, Amphiroa, 150 frondifera, Bossea, 155, 161 fruticulosa, Galaxaura, 53 Fucus acerosus, 82 crinalis, 64 elminthoides, 34 filicinus, 252 miniatus, 86 nootkanus, 88 pusillus, 62 squamarius, 101 taxiformis, 57 furcata, Sertularia, 22 fusco-purpurea, Bangia, 12, 13 Conferva, 13 Galaxaura, 7, 44, 53 angustifrons, 54 arborea, 44, 49, 207 fastigiata, 44, 50, 213 filamentosa, 44, 51, 211 flagelliformis, 53 fruticulosa, 53 marginata, 49, 54 oblongata, 50, 51 squalida, 44, 52, 53, 211 stupicaulis, 50 subfruticulosa, 44, 52, 213 ventricosa, 53, 54 veprecula, 44, 50, 53, 209 gardneri, Bossea, 151, 154, 159 Callophyllis, 288, 289, 291, 292, 371 Gastroclonium, 8 coulteri, 11 Gelidiaceae, 58 403 Gelidiella, 58, 82 acerosa, 60, 82 hancockii, 60, 83, 197 ligulata, 60, 81, 185 mexicana, 64, 83 refugiensis, 60, 84 stichidiospora, 60, 84, 197 Gelidiocolax, 58 microsphaerica, 61 Gelidiopsis, 60 tenuis, 60, 85 variabilis, 60, 85, 86 Gelidium, 3, 7, 8, 10, 26, 58, 67, 82, 302, 303 arborescens, 66 caloglossoides, 76, 77, 78 cartilagineum, 69 var. robustum, 59, 71 coronadense, 59, 67, 181, 217 coulteri, 59, 70 crinale, 59, 64, 65, 83, 181 var. lubricus, 64 var. luxurians, 59, 65, 181 crispum, 69 deciduum, 59, 68, 183, 217 decompositum, 31, 59, 67 densum, 70 johnstonii, 59, 73 lanceolatum, 283 linoides, 66 microphysa, 11, 58, 61 nudifrons, 59, 65 okamurai, 79 papenfussii, 59, 69, 73, 75, 183 polystichum,. 59, 66 pulchrum, 60, 61, 70, 72, 73, 74, 79, 183 purpurascens, 59, 70, 72, 75, 183 pusillum, 59, 61, 62 var. conchicola, 63 var. cylindricum, 63 var. minusculum, 63 var. mucronatum, 63 var. pulvinatum, 63 pyramidale, 79 sclerophyllum, 13, 59, 63 sonorense, 60, 75, 183, 215 variabile, 86 Gigartina, 8, 30, 247 armata, 247 californica, 30 eatoniana, 246 miniata, 86 muricata, 94 Gloiopeltis capillaris, 94 minuta, 93, 187 Gloiophloea, 26, 27 confusa, 27, 44, 48, 181 404 Gloiosiphonia californica, 92 capillaris, 93 Gloiosiphoniaceae, 92 Goniotrichaceae, 3 Goniotrichum alsidii, 3 elegans, 3 Gracilaria, 122, 277 gracilarioides, Callophyllis, 302 Gracilariopsis sjoestedtii, 18 gracilis, Corallina, 123, 127, 129, 133, 223 forma densa, Corallina, 126, 127, 129 var. lycopodioides, Corallina, 126, 129 var. verticillata, Corallina, 123, 130, 223 Grateloupia, 244, 278, 283 abreviata, 245, 255, 329 acroidalea, 277, 278 avalona, 254 californica, 250, 251 cornea, 282 cutleriae, 251 forma maxima, 245 dactylifera, 245, 257, 329 denticulata, 248 dichotoma, 258 filicina, 245, 246, 247, 252, 254, 2566 257) var. lomentaria, 252, 253 hancockii, 245, 254, 311 howei, 244, 246, 250, 311, 321 johnstonii, 245, 258, 259 maxima, 244, 245, 311 multiphylla, 245, 251, 327 prolongata, 244, 245, 248, 323 schizophylla, 245, 250, 252, 311, 325 squarrulosa, 245, 258, 259 sternbergii var. versicolor, 256 versicolor, 245, 253, 256, 321 Grateloupiaceae, 243, 263 grateloupiae, Acrochaetium, 19 guadalupensis, Peyssonelia, 98, 103, 195, 239 guaymasensis, Callymenia, 263 Cryptonemia, 259, 263 Prionitis, 279 Zanardinula, 279 abbreviata var., 275, 279, 349 Gymnogongrus divaricatus, 294 hancockii, 294 johnstonii, 294 Haematocelis rubens, 97, 99, 187 Haematophloea crouani, 99 Haliclona, 22 Halidrys, 8 Haliotus, 84 Halymenia, 244, 267, 271, 303 abyssicola, 268, 271, 315 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 actinophysa, 268, 272, 273, 317, , 341 agardhii, 267, 268, 331 bifida, 267, 269, 313, 333 californica, 267, 270, 335 dilatata, 273 doryophora, 251 megaspora, 268, 272, 275, 315, 337 refugiensis, 273, 275 hamifera, Asparagopsis, 55 Bonnemaisonia, 24, 55, 209 hancockii, Acrochaetium, 19, 25, 197 Cruoriella, 98, 110, 193, 195, 239 Gelidiella, 60, 83, 197 Grateloupia, 245, 254, 311 Gymnogongrus, 294 Rhodochorton, 25 heanophylla, Callophyllis, 288, 293, 373 Helminthocladia, 19 australis forma californica, 37 californica, 24, 33, 37, 197 calvadosii, 23 purpurea, 23, 37 Helminthocladiaceae, 33 helminthoides, Nemalion, 33, 34 Hildenbrandia, 111 canariensis, 97 crouani, 97 prototypus, 95, 97, 187 var. kerguelensis, 96 rosea, 98 yezzoensis, 97 Hildenbrandiaceae, 95 hillebrandii, Falkenbergia, 57, 58 Polysiphonia, 57 hollenbergii, Porphyra, 12, 14, 199 howei, Grateloupia, 244, 246, 250, 311 321 howellii, Weeksia, 87, 92 hubbsii, Codium, 23 Hymenoclonium serpens, 56 infestans, Acrochaetium, 21 insularis, Bossea, 151, 159, 189, 223 intricata, Trailliella, 55, 56 investiens, Erythrotrichia, 10, 12 irregularis, Erythrocladia, 4, 5 Ishige foliacea, 267 Isymenia flabellata, 268 Jania, 113, 114, 115, 124 adhaerens, 116, 117 capillacea, 114, 116, 119, 191 decussato-dichotoma, 114, 117, 227 longiarthra, 114, 115, 119, 191, 227 mexicana, 115, 118, 119 natalensis, 118, 227 nipponica, 119 radiata, 122 robusta (by error; J. natalensis intended), 115 rubens, 115, 116, 117, 120 INDEX subpinnata, 114, 115, 191 tenella, 115, 120, 191 var. zacae, 114, 121, 189, 235 janioides, Corallina, 115, 122, 123, 191 japonicum, Acrochaetium, 24 Joculator, 125 pinnatifolius, 124 johnstoniae, Scinaia, 27, 44, 48, 49, VAL Zs johnstonii, Callophyllis, 293, 294 Gelidium, 59, 73 Grateloupia, 245, 258, 259 Gymnogongrus, 294 Kallymenia tenuifolia, 261, 262 kerguelensis, Hildenbrandia prototypus var., 96 kinoensis, Prionitis, 277, 278, 279, 319 Zanardinula, 277 Kylinia, 19 arcuata, 20, 31 crassipes, 20, 31 var. longiseta, 31 porphyrae, 20, 30 secundata, 20, 25, 32, 175 seriaspora, 20, 32, 177 kylinii, Erythrotrichia, 9 Zanardinula, 282, 283 Laminaria andersonii, 30 sinclairii, 300 lanceolata, Prionitis, 283 Zanardinula, 276, 277, 283, 285, 319, 355 lanceolatum, Gelidium, 283 latifolia, Zostera marina var., 12 latifrons, Scinaia, 27, 29, 44, 45, 46, 49, 181 Laurencia, 8 laxa, Leptocladia, 87, 89, 185 Leathesia, 7 leprosa, Liagora, 38 ceranoides forma, 38, 41, 177, 207 Leptocladia, 88, 89 binghamiae, 87, 88, 89, 185, 219 conferta, 88 laxa, 87, 89, 185 leucosticta, Porphyra, 18 Liagora, 28, 33 abbottae, 34, 41, 177, 203 californica, 34, 39, 42, 177, 205 ceranoides, 34, 39 forma leprosa, 38, 41, 177, 207 clavata, 40 decussata, 38, 39 farinosa, 34, 43, 177, 201 forma pinnatiramosa, 43 formosana, 40, 41 leprosa, 38 405 magniinvolucra, 34, 39, 179, 205 mucosa, 40 orientalis, 34, 40, 42, 207 ligulata, Bossea, 151, 156, 159, 189, 225 Gelidiella, 60, 81, 185 linearis, Porphyra, 17 Prionitis, 282 Zanardinula, 282, 283 linoides, Gelidium, 66 Lithothrix aspergillum, 113, 133 Lobocolax, 243 deformans, 286 lomation, Cryptonemia, 260 Lomentaria drouetii, 252 lomentaria, Grateloupia filicina var., 252, 253 longiarthra, Jania, 114, 115, 119, 191, 227 longiseta, Kylinia crassipes var., 31 lubricum, Nemalion, 34 lubricus, Gelidium crinale var., 64 luxurians, Gelidium crinale var., 59, 65, 181 lyallii, Zanardinula, 275, 277, 345 forma densissima, Zanardinula, 277 lycopodioides, Corallina gracilis var., 126, 129 vancouveriensis var., 123, 127, 128, 129 Macrocystis, 8 magdalenae, Cruoriella, 98, 111, 187 magdalenensis, Amphiroa, 135, 143, 233 © magniinvolucra, Liagora, 34, 39, 179, 205 major, Porphyra naiadum var., 15 marginata, Galaxaura, 49, 54 marginifructa, Callophyllis, 288, 289, 291, 294, 298, 319, 375 marina, Zostera, 15, 16 var. latifolia, Zostera, 12 masonii, Dictyota, 25 maxima, Grateloupia, 244, 245, 311 cutleriae forma, 245 megalocarpa, Callophyllis, 288, 289, 295, 302, 319, 377 megaspora, Halymenia, 268, 272, 275, S155 397 mexicana, Amphiroa, 135, 145, 147 Cruoriopsis, 97, 99, 193 Ethelia, 97, 100, 195 Gelidiella, 64, 83 Jania, 115, 118, 119 Peyssonelia, 98, 106, 195 Prionitis, 285 Pterocladia, 79, 81 Zanardinula, 276, 285, 357 microphysa, Gelidium, 11, 58, 61 microscopicum, Rhodochorton, 31 microsphaerica, Gelidiocolax, 61 406 miniata, Gigartina, 86 Wurdemannia, 60, 83, 86 miniatus, Fucus, 86 minima, Scinaia, 44, 47 minor, Porphyra naiadum f., 15 minusculum, Gelidium pusillum var., 63 minuta, Gloiopeltis, 93, 187 mucosa, Liagora, 40 mucronatum, Gelidium pusillum var., 63 multiphylla, Grateloupia, 245, 251, 327 multiramosa, Corallina officinalis forma, 126 muricata, Endocladia, 93, 94 Gigartina, 94 musciformis, Pterocladia, 77, 78 naiadum, Porphyra, 12, 15, 16, 18 f. minor, Porphyra, 15 var. australis, Porphyra, 15, 201 var. major, Porphyra, 15 nana, Pterocladia, 80 natalensis, Jania, 118, 227 Nemalion, 33 andersonii, 37 elminthoides, 34 helminthoides, 33, 34 lubricum, 34 pulvinatum, 33, 35, 36, 203 virens, 34, 36, 175 Nemastoma californica, 92 nipponica, Jania, 119 nootkana, Bonnemaisonia, 56 Pikea, 87, 88, 89 nootkanus, Fucus, 88 nudifrons, Gelidium, 59, 65 oblongata, Galaxaura, 50, 51 a Cryptonemia, 259, 260, 263, 11 obtusifolia, Callophyllis, 288, 289, 291, 296, 299, 379, 381 occidentalis, Dermocorynus, 243 odonthalioides, Callophyllis, 288, 295, 298, 383 officinalis, Corallina, 125, 133 var. aculeata, Corallina, 126 var. een Corallina, 123, 132, forma multiramosa, Corallina, 126 forma robusta, Corallina, 132 okamurai, Gelidium, 79 Pterocladia, 79, 80, 81 forma densa, Pterocladia, 79, 80 orbigniana, Amphiroa, 153 Bossea, 151, 153, 159 oregona, Callophyllis, 298, 385 orientalis, Liagora, 34, 40, 42, 207 Peyssonelia rubra var., 98, 104, 106, 193 pachyclada, Bossea, 151, 189 pacifica, Ethelia, 101 Peyssonelia, 98, 102, 106, 107, 195 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 17 pacificum, Acrochaetium, 20, 29 Rhodochorton, 29 Padina, 8, 10, 122 pave tt Gelidium, 59, 69, 73, 75, 1 parva, Pterocladia, 60, 77, 185 Patella, 102 Pelvetia, 132 pendula, Porphyra, 12, 16, 199 penetrale, Acrochaetium, 19, 21 Rhodochorton, 21 peninsularis, Amphiroa, 145, 146, 147, 148 perforata, Porphyra, 12, 17, 30 forma segregata, Porphyra, 14, 18 pertusa, Callymenia, 287, 303 Peyssonelia, 97, 113 calcea, 98, 107 caulifera, 102 clarionensis, 98, 108, 193, 195, 239 conchicola, 98, 105,195 dubyi, 111 guadalupensis, 98, 103, 195, 239 mexicana, 98, 106, 195 pacifica, 98, 102, 106, 107, 195 rubra, 104, 105 var. orientalis, 98, 104, 106, 193 squamaria, 97, 101 Pe Callophyllis, 289, 298, Phyllospadix, 12, 15, 16, 18 scouleri, 15 torreyi, 15 Pikea, 88, 89 californica, 87, 90, 185, 219 nootkana, 87, 88, 89 pilulifera, Corallina, 125 pinnata, Amphiroa annulata var., 137 Callophyllis, 288, 289, 299, 319, 389 pinnatifolia, Corallina, 122, 124, 191 var. digitata, Corallina, 122, 125, 191, 233 pinnatifolius, Joculator, 124 pinnatiramosa, Liagora farinosa forma, 43 plumosa, Bossea, 159, 161 Callophyllis, 288, 301, 391 plumosum, Acrochaetium, 19, 27 Rhodochorton, 27 polymorpha, Erythrocladia, 5 Polyopes, 244, 265, 267 bushiae, 265, 267, 313, 331 clarionensis, 265, 266 constrictus, 266 sinicola, 267 Polysiphonia, 6, 31, 304 collinsii, 304 fastigiata, 304 hillebrandii, 57 urceolata, 5, 6 INDEX polysiphoniae, Choreocolax, 304 polysticha, Corallina, 122, 131, 191, 231 polystichum, Gelidium, 59, 66 Porphyra, 6, 12, 20 boryana, 7 hollenbergii, 12, 14, 199 leucosticta, 18 linearis, 17 naiadum, 12, 15, 16, 18 f. minor, 15 var. australis, 15, 201 var. major, 15 pendula, 12, 16, 199 perforata, 12, 17, 30 forma segregata, 14, 18 pseudolinearis, 17 tenera, 15 thuretii, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18 porphyrae, Chromastrum, 30 Kylinia, 20, 30 Rhodochorton, 30 porphyroides, Erythrotrichia, 7, 8 Posidonia, 6 Prionitis abbreviata, 279 andersoniana, 276 filiformis, 283, 285 forma delicatula, 284, 285 guaymasensis, 279 kinoensis, 277, 278, 279, 319 lanceolata, 283 linearis, 282 mexicana, 285 prolongata, Grateloupia, 244, 245, 248, 323 prototypus, Hildenbrandia, 95, 97, 187 var. kerguelensis, Hildenbrandia, 96 pseudolinearis, Porphyra, 17 Pterocladia, 58, 64, 67, 77 caloglossoides, 60, 76, 185 capillacea, 81 capillaceum, 81 complanata, 60, 78 densa, 80, 81 mexicana, 79, 81 musciformis, 77, 78 nana, 80 okamurai, 79, 80, 81 forma densa, 79, 80 parva, 60, 77, 185 pyramidale, 60, 67, 79 robusta, 79, 80 tenuis, 80, 81 pulchrum, Gelidium, 60, 61, 70, 72, 73, 74, 79, 183 pulvinata, Erythrotrichia, 4, 8, 11, 175 pulvinatum, Gelidium pusillum var., 63 Nemalion, 33, 35, 36, 203 punctatum, Acrochaetium, 19, 25, 32, 177 407 purpurascens, Gelidium, 59, 70, 72, 75, 183 purpurea, Byssus, 20 Helminthocladia, 23, 27 purpureum, Rhodochorton, 19, 20 pusilla, Amphiroa, 140, 141, 146 pusillum, Gelidium, 59, 61, 62 var. conchicola, Gelidium, 63 var. cylindricum, Gelidium, 63 var. minusculum, Gelidium, 63 var. mucronatum, Gelidium, 63 var. pulvinatum, Gelidium, 63 pusillus, Fucus, 62 pyramidale, Gelidium, 79 Pterocladia, 60, 67, 79 radiata, Jania, 122 reflexa, Erythrotrichia, 7 refugiensis, Gelidiella, 60, 84 Halymenia, 273, 275 reticulata, Weeksia, 91 rhizoideum, Acrochaetium, 19, 23 Rhodochorton, 23 Rhodochorton amphiroae, 27 arcuatum, 31 corymbiferum, 23 eastwoodae, 24 hancockii, 25 microscopicum, 31 pacificum, 29 penetrale, 21 plumosum, 27 porphyrae, 30 purpureum, 19, 20 rhizoideum, 23 rothii, 20 ~ sinicolum, 26 variabile, 29 Rhodochortonopsis spongicola, 22 Rhodoglossum, 28 Rhodophyllidaceae, 253 rigida, Amphiroa, 139, 140 robusta, Amphiroa franciscana var., 150 Corallina officinalis forma, 132 Jania (by error), 115 Pterocladia, 79, 80 robustum, Gelidium cartilagineum var., Soil rosea, Hildenbrandia, 95 rosenvingii, Cruoriopsis, 100 rothii, Rhodochorton, 20 rubens, Haematocelis, 97, 99, 187 Janiay TSS wil6 a 7ent2 0 rubra, Peyssonelia, 104, 105 var. orientalis, Peyssonelia, 98, 104, 106, 193 sagittata, Bossea, 151, 157, 189, 237 sanfordiana, Asparagopsis, 57 forma amplissima, Asparagopsis, 57 Sargassum, 21, 25, 32, 33, 56 408 schizophylla, Grateloupia, 245, 250, 252, 311, 325 Scinaia, 26, 27, 44, 46, 47 articulata, 27, 46, 47 complanata, 44 cottonii, 46, 47 johnstoniae, 27, 44, 48, 49, 179, 215 latifrons, 27, 29, 44, 45, 46, 49, 181 minima, 44, 47 scinaiae, Acrochaetium, 19, 26 sclerophyllum, Gelidium, 13, 59, 63 scouleri, Phyllospadix, 15 secundata, Kylinia, 20, 25, 32, 175 secundatum, Acrochaetium, 32 Callithamnion daviesii var., 32 segregata, Porphyra perforata forma, 14, 18 seriaspora, Kylinia, 20, 32, 177 serpens, Hymenoclonium, 56 Sertularia furcata, 22 setacea, Wurdemannia, 86 simplex, Colaconema, 24 Digenia, 115 sinclairii, Laminaria, 300 sinicola, Polyopes, 267 sinicolum, Acrochaetium, 19, 26, 197 Rhodochorton, 26 sjoestedtii, Gracilariopsis, 18 sonorense, Gelidium, 60, 75, 183, 215 Sphacelaria, 6, 9, 12, 32, 116 Sphaerococcus sternbergii, 256 spiculiphilum, Acrochaetium, 19, 22, 193 spongicola, Rhodochortonopsis, 22 spongicolum, Acrochaetium, 22 squalida, Galaxaura, 44, 52, 53, 211 squamaria, Peyssonelia, 97, 101 Squamariaceae, 97 squamarius, Fucus, 101 squarrulosa, Grateloupia, 245, 258, 259 stenophylla, Callophyllis, 288, 301, 393 sternbergii, Sphaerococcus, 256 var. versicolor, Grateloupia, 256 stichidiospora, Gelidiella, 60, 84, 197 stupicaulis, Galaxaura, 50 Styela, 21 subcylindrica, Amphiroa, 134, 139, 231 subfruticulosa, Galaxaura, 44, 52, 213 subintegra, Erythrocladia, 3, 5 subpinnata, Jania, 114, 115, 191 subulata, Corallina, 130, 131 taxiformis, Asparagopsis, 57 Fucus, 57 taylorii, Amphiroa, 134, 138, 225 templetonii, Weeksia, 87, 91, 92, 187 tenella, Jania, 115, 120, 191 var. zacae, Jania, 114, 121, 189, 235 tenera, Porphyra, 15 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 17 tenuifolia, Callymenia, 261 Kallymenia, 261, 262 tenuis, Amphiroa compressa var., 146, 148 Gelidiopsis, 60, 85 Pterocladia, 80, 81 tetraseriata, Erythrotrichia, 4, 9, 10, tae 75 thompsonii, Callophyllis, 288, 301, 395 thuretii, Porphyra, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18 torreyi, Phyllospadix, 15 Trailliella, 56 intricata, 55, 56 Tubularia, 4, 5 crocea, 5 Ulva elminthoides, 34 ungulata, Corallina, 120 urceolata, Polysiphonia, 5, 6 valonioides, Amphiroa, 137 Valoniopsis, 6 vanbosseae, Ethelia, 101 vancouveriensis, Corallina, 126, 128, 133, 229 var. aculeata, Corallina, 123, 128 var. densa, Corallina, 123, 128, 129 var. lycopodioides, Corallina, 123, 127, 128, 129 variabile, Acrochaetium, 20, 29 Gelidium, 86 Rhodochorton, 29 variabilis, Gelidiopsis, 60, 85, 86 veleroae, Callymenia, 262 Cryptonemia, 259, 262 ventricosa, Galaxaura, 53, 54 veprecula, Galaxaura, 44, 50, 53, 209 rst eaces Grateloupia, 245, 253, 256, 1 sternbergii var., 256 verticillata, Corallina gracillis var., 123, 1305 223 violacea, Callophyllis, 288, 289, 295, 296, 298, 301, 302, 303, 319, 397 var, epiphytica, Callophyllis, 296, 302, 319, 395 virens, Nemalion, 34, 36, 175 vizcainensis, Zanardinula, 275, 280, 351 Weeksia, 87, 91 howellii, 87, 92 reticulata, 91 templetonii, 87, 91, 92, 187 Wurdemannia miniata, 60, 83, 86 setacea, 86 yezzoensis, Hildenbrandia, 97 zacae, Jania tenella var., 114, 121, 189, 235 Zanardinula, 243, 244, 256, 266, 275, 2H; 218s 286.9287 abbreviata, 275, 279, 347, 349 var. ee naene 27552195 34 INDEX 409 acroidalea, 275, 277, 319 355 andersoniana, 275, 276, 317, 343 linearis, 282, 283 cornea, 275, 282, 353 lyallii, 275, 277, 345 decipiens, 287 forma densissima, 277 delicatula, 276, 284 mexicana, 276, 285, 357 filiformis, 281, 285 vizcainensis, 275, 280, 351 forma delicatula, 284 zonata, Amphiroa, 135, 140, 141, 146 guaymasensis, 279 Zostera, 3, 9, 11, 12, 15; 30 kinoensis, 277 marina, 15, 16 kylinii, 282, 283 var. latifolia, 12 lanceolata, 276, 277, 283, 285, 319 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLUME 17 NUMBER 1 MARINE RED ALGAE OF PACIFIC MEXICO Part I BANGIALES to CORALLINACEAE Subf. CORALLINOIDEAE (Piates 1-33) BY E. YALE DAWSON THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1952 P : : j ‘ : a M if Me * Tabak 4 ‘ avirvti’: s , ' " ee ney ogy / } ie : ; { ; » , + ' ' ae . ' t . , tos : yy 4 we ; ‘ 4 . 4K on f : ‘ ‘ 4 ’ , , Nate ‘a ; 5 wont tas ory , ee. net hae ' ve j borate yey ; h ’ “ ' hited eo yl: % r on ac ig) ! ra ¢ He ee ‘e Bats . ; wee ; i i vi aie ‘ nye ; r ¥ Ms ‘ rf ty u wer ‘ re hee Sieger ’ } yet Pe raivin 8 ‘ ' : ye aig lei re Huet Stele eer y . . ini “ , Pa \ . . ay V\ ‘ ‘ ‘ \ ; 4 . ; \ \ “9 on) tid ’ Cetra yrs A ‘ OA t ; eX f rt 4 is d ‘ ‘ hae nan 1 S, \ ' ‘ ‘ we sy : ee i er tans ‘ ‘ } : ‘ ‘ ‘ “s ’ Fs ’ . : . * ‘ ‘ = 4 “ ray \ rs ) at ¥ i ' ri i x ‘, ying th Vie oA e ‘y Bar eae Ast a i , . A ‘ ‘ . ‘ ‘ ' 1 u bensie iy : ' : ’