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MH deans tos~inb rtd reg teak Rg ARRON F ? b2SE9Qg TOEOQ Q WN sui Tain . me i a tae ' ure ah 7 ‘ a ‘ , iv nan i iy t Vox. 4 ae y ; ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS | VOLUME 22 NUMBER 1 f ~ “ THE BENTHIC FAUNA OF THE DEEP BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (CuHart 1, Pirates 1-2) BY OLGA HARTMAN AND J. LAURENS BARNARD UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1958 Sete a ea ad it = ma 3 Pees = — = me, = THE BENTHIC FAUNA OF THE DEEP BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (CHart 1, Pirates 1-2) By OLGA HARTMAN AND J. LAURENS BARNARD Tue UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ALLAN Hancock PAcIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoLUME 22, NUMBER 1 IssuED OCTOBER 22, 1958 Price $1.25 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS Introduction Methods Chart Plates Acknowledgements Historical The near shore basins The outer basins Biomass and bio-index values Characteristics of the animals Literature cited Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV Appendix V Appendix VI 55 56 THE BENTHIC FAUNA OF THE DEEP BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA By OLGA HARTMAN AND J. LAURENS BARNARD INTRODUCTION The large oval-shaped offshore area of southern California from Point Conception to south of the Mexican border, lying between the shoreline and the continental escarpment, is rugged and covered with water varying in depth to about 2107 meters (Chart 1). West of the escarpment the sea floor drops rather sharply to around 3700 meters. About two-thirds of this vast area, known as a borderland (Shepard and Emery, 1941), comprises the eight offshore islands, the shallow sub- merged shelf, the various slopes, submarine canyons and shallower banks and ridges. The other one-third consists of submerged enclosed basins ranging in depth from 627 to 2107 meters. The basins are separated from one another by islands and submerged ridges which vary in depth from 475 to 1902 meters. Thirteen basins have been named (Shepard and Emery, 1941, and Emery, 1954). The three along shore, called the San Pedro, Santa Monica and Santa Barbara Basins, are the shallowest, and those farther seaward are deeper. In shape most of the basins are elongate oval in a northwest-southeast direction. The lowest places on the ridges surrounding the basins are called sills. They largely deter- mine the kind and amount of subsill water supplied to the basins, in- cluding the salinity, amount of dissolved oxygen, and the temperature. Most of the flow or replacement is from south to north (Emery, 1954). The temperature of the bottom water varies from 6.26 to 2.52° C. In each basin it is approximately the same as that of the water at sill depth and varies according to the sill depth of each basin. The physical characteristics of the basin floors have slight, though measurable, differences. When grossly examined, the sediments appear uniformly fine in texture, dark green to bluish in color, and sticky clayey to silty in consistency. The amounts of chlorophyll derivatives found in the dried sediments vary from one basin to the next, and in general show a decrease from near shore to outer basins. Organic matter is highest in basins of intermediate depth (Orr and Grady, 1957). The amounts of dissolved oxygen vary, so that oxidizing conditions prevail in the surface sediments of Santa Catalina Basin, and reducing conditions in San Pedro, C1] 2 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Santa Monica and Santa Barbara Basins (Rittenberg, Emery and Orr, 1955). Oxygen is lowest in nearshore basins having their sill depths near the oxygen minimum level, at 500-600 meters (Emery and Ritten- berg, 1952). The differences in basin topography and water masses are reflected in or directly correlated with the kinds and amounts of animals existing on the sediments of the separate basins. The uniformity of the subsill water mass in any one basin (Emery, 1954, fig. 2) and the isolation of the basins one from another and from the abyssal plain, make the study of the benthic fauna of each basin a problem of comparison, from one basin to another, from basin to compar- able slope depth or similar water mass, or from basin to the surrounding shelf and bank fauna, where one might expect to encounter species of eurybathic character. The results accruing from the use of a sampling device such as the orange-peel-grab, direct attention to and encourage an attempt at a reconstruction of faunal groups or natural assemblages of species as they exist in nature. In deeper bottoms, as in the basins, one usually finds only single individuals of larger to smaller species in unit grab samples. This fact, together with the evidence gained from examination of photographs, indicates that individuals are widely scattered. Crinoids (Florometra), sea-whips and surface urchins are most easily identified from the photo- graphs (Plates 1 and 2), where they are seen to exist infrequently. Bur- rowing or sedentary animals may follow a similar pattern of wide dis- persal, as indicated by the distribution of mounds or surface holes. The larger part of a basin, such as San Pedro or Santa Monica, may be populated by a single kind of association (Phyllochaetopterus-Protis- Cyclopecten), or there may be more than one, as suggested by separate photographs from San Nicolas and Santa Catalina Basins. In San Nicolas Basin (Plate 2, fig. 2) the photographs show in one a sea-whip and urchin, in the other a crinoid fauna. It is especially in the basins that the composition and extent of a population can be regarded as distinct, for here are groups of living animals dispersed in a frame which is limited in extent and relatively uniform for long periods of time. ‘The abundance in terms of numbers of individuals, or of kinds, can be assayed for small (sample size) to large (basin size) areas. It has been possible to obtain fairly complete sampling of some basins and enough of certain others to indicate patterns of kinds and distribu- tions of organisms. Three nearshore basins are more or less completely known from quantitative bottom samples and photographs; six others are known through scattered sampling and photographs. The results of these studies are reported below. No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 3 METHODS All samples were taken with bottom closing devices, either an orange- peel-grab with a capacity of about 88 liters and covering an area of about 0.24 square meter, or a Campbell grab with a capacity up to 162 liters, covering a surface area of about 0.55 square meter. These grabs have been described by Hartman (1955a). Samples taken from soft bottoms, such as exist in the basins, were consistently large and the grabs were more or less completely filled on recovery. Each sample was placed in a large tub and volumetrically measured with the aid of a brass rule immersed in the mud, then transferred to shaker screens where finer sediments were washed away with the aid of overhead shower sprays. The screenings were bottled and fixed with formalin, and further ana- lyzed in the laboratory. It should be emphasized that figures and listings are minimal, since only those organisms present in the final screenings can be considered ; possible small losses occurred during the various pro- cedures. The distribution of the samples by basin is reported in Table 1 and Chart I: VOL. 22 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS ‘AjuO sajdwes ajSurs 0} anp ood ejieq x *SYSN[[OW! 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CHART BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA wo so 10 20 20 . —— ——— TATUTE MILES Los ANCE @ BENTHIC STA. © STA, ¢ MONICA e VELERO Geographic relations of basins off southern California. Dots represent samples reported on herein. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 IPILYAVIPIS, tl, IKE; i Benthic photograph of San Pedro Basin, 9.7 mi SSW of Pt. Vicente, California, br 197° T, 33-35-26, 118-28-10, 887 m, Mar. 29, 1952. The surface of the sediments is quite irregular and strewn with the tubes of Phyllochaetopterus, which are largely dead. The bottom edge of the photo represents 6 feet in length. PALAIS, We ING, Z Benthic photograph of Tanner Basin, 20.5 mi SW of S light, San Nicolas Island, br 221° T, 32-57-26, 118-44-20, 1502 m, Nov. 4, 1950. In the center of the picture is what is probably a vertebral bone and on each side a crinoid, Florometra. The irregularities of the surface of the sediment are due to burrowing animals. The bottom edge of the photo represents 6 feet in length. RPVADE 2, biGrel Benthic photograph of San Nicolas Basin, 33-04-29, 119-07-08, 1778 m, Noy. 18, 1951. The small pockets and ridges on the surface of the sediments probably are due to the activities of the numerous sea- urchins present. Sea-pens comprise the other evident fauna. The lower edge of the photograph represents 6 feet in length. PLATE Cures Benthic photograph of San Nicolas Basin, 33-05-57, 119-04-14, 1738 m, Noy. 19, 1951. Two crinoids, Florometra, are seen; but few sea- urchins and no sea-pens can be seen, in contrast to the upper picture. The cloudy appearance may be due to stirring of the sediments by the benthograph. The thread is a film defect. The bottom edge of the photo represents a length of 6 feet. a | No. | HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS PAPAGISE eae Goat IPALANIOIE, il, IRIG, 2 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 PEADEN2Z HIGa iI READE EZ) EiGiy2 No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The University of Southern California and the Allan Hancock Foundation provided the facilities of the VELERO IV and the labora- tory space in which the studies were conducted. We are indebted to the various crews that cooperated in taking and processing the samples on board ship. To Captain Allan Hancock we are much indebted for con- tinued interest and support. Dr. K. O. Emery and associates in the De- partment of Geology provided the physical data, some of which are taken from manuscript notes. Dr. Emery aided further in providing the chart data and in organizing many of the trips to the deep basins. David Scholl processed many of the samples aboard ship. Determinations of some animal groups were made by others: Fred Ziesenhenne provided the names of echinoderms; Dr. Myra Keen aided with some of the mollusks; Dr. Orville Bandy supplied the name of a foraminiferan; and Dr. John Soule those of the bryozoans. HISTORICAL The deepwater fauna of southern California is known through studies resulting from catches made during operations of the U. S. Fish- eries Steamer ALBATROSS in 1904, when dredging and trawling were done. Seven stations in four outer basins (Appendix I) yielded 24 species of animals (Appendix V), of which 19 were various kinds of annelids, 3 were ascidians, one a sipunculid and another an amphipod. All were un- known to science. Some of the same species have since been recovered in quantitative samples from these or adjacent areas, and many other kinds of animals have been found (Appendix VI). The San Pedro Basin has a limited and impoverished fauna (Hart- man, 1955a) and shares these faunistic characteristics with Santa Monica Basin (Hartman, 1956). The subsill pelagic waters support faunas which differ in the various basins; they have been studied from photographs made aboard the VELERO IV and are partly reported (Hartman and Emery, 1956). 10 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 THE NEAR SHORE BASINS: SANTA BARBARA, SAN PEDRO, SANTA MONICA San Pedro and Santa Monica Basins are more or less continuous and share the same physical and biological characteristics. ‘The bottom sedi- ments are fine dark green, of sticky to silty consistency, and subsill waters contain little dissolved oxygen. Temperatures at the bottom are about 5.05-5.06° C. Both have an impoverished to dead bottom (Hartman, 1955a), with few or no living animals in the deepest and largest parts of their areas. In San Pedro Basin the screenings from the samples nearly always contain many dead tubes of two kinds of polychaetes (Phy/llo- chaetopterus and Protis) and fragments of a translucent scallop, Cyclo- pecten. Dark brown, amorphous waxy lumps of various sizes are typical- ly retained. The undisturbed bottom appears irregular (Plate 1, fig. 1) because of the presence of many Phyllochaetopterus tubes strewn in dis- orderly arrangement; they may represent the accumulations of many years. Retained in the screens of 1 mm mesh are the dead tests of many disklike and subspherical foraminiferans resembling those in the Santa Monica Basin. In the latter, the sediments from the deepest or middle part frequently contain many small sticks or small bits of wood. The dead area of Santa Monica Basin is believed to be greater than that of San Pedro Basin, since it comprises a much larger subsill area (Chart 1). The fauna of Santa Barbara Basin. Because its sill is shallow, the bottom temperature of Santa Barbara Basin is higher than that of any other basin. Five samples taken from scattered parts of this area have yielded screenings which differ grossly from those of other basins, but are much alike among themselves. They consist of the dead shells of a small pteropod Spiratella, fewer white shells of a Macoma and Cardita, delicate shells of pteropods Clio and Cavolina, and only scattered fora- miniferan tests. Living animals are sparse but characteristic. A larger clam Lucinoma, a deep water snail Nitidella, a solenogaster which may differ from those found in other basins, and small polychaetes, especially paraonids, are most frequent. The fauna of San Pedro Basin. San Pedro Basin has been sampled throughout its extent at two mile intervals (Hartman, 1955a), resulting in 70 quantitative samples from subsill depths (Appendix III). Its sedi- ments have been found to support a very sparse or impoverished fauna, with two species of polychaetes (Phyllochaetopterus unknown sp., a chaetopterid, and Protis pacifica Moore, a serpulid) most abundant, and the dead shell remains of a scallop (Cyclopecten sp.) most characteristic. No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 11 Screenings have shown consistently the presence of many translucent, brassy colored, limp, nonannulated tubes, resembling long plant stems, which are the tube remains of the chaetopterid. Along with them there are usually few to many white calcareous, slender tube fragments of Protis ; they are seen frequently as tracings on dead shells of C'yclopecten, their relationship having been described by Hartman (1955b). A photo- graph (Plate 1, fig. 1) of the bottom shows irregularities at the surface due largely to the projecting, irregularly strewn tubes of Phyllochaetop- terus. The finer screenings consist largely of subspherical and discoid shells of foraminiferans, which may have their existence in the water masses overlying the basin. The three major species of the basin, mentioned above, have their more extensive distributions at the sills or on the deep slopes bordering the San Pedro Basin, where they attain greater size and become sexually mature. The great accumulations of dead tubes in the basin suggest that these species might once have existed as reproductive stages; on the other hand they may represent the accumulation of vegetative individuals over many years, since there are few, if any, corroding factors to destroy the tubes. The middle and deeper parts of the basin are more impoverished than parts near the margins and the sill (Table 2). This impoverished area can be delineated by a contour near the 837 meter depth, about 100 meters below the sill depth. The greatest occurrence of animals is along ae rim bordering Santa Catalina Island (Samples numbered 192, 193, 211, 212, 213 and 143 in Hartman, 1955a) and off Point Fermin (numbered 96 and 119) (see Appendix III for additional data). These margins are populated by a siliceous sponge-ampharetid association which has its greatest densities at the bases of submarine mounts on either side of the sills and along the walls of canyons. The fauna of Santa Monica Basin. Santa Monica Basin is a con- tinuation of San Pedro Basin (Chart 1). Its sill depth is 737 meters and its bottom depth 938 meters. The temperature of the subsill water is 5.05° C. Its overall bottom surface area is several times that of San Pedro Basin and its biological productivity considerably lower, especially in its deeper central, northern and western extremities. The sediments retained from 17 samples have consistently shown few animal remains, but they are like those of San Pedro Basin (Appendix III) except that many samples contain small gray sticks. Typical screenings are white subspheri- cal or disklike foraminiferan shells, dead tubes of Phyllochaetopterus and small bits of white Protis tubes, and also fragments of Cyclopecten. 12 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 TABLE 2 Samples from San Pedro Basin and slopes above sill depth, listed by depth ranges of 50 m. Subsill samples near sill depths are richer in ani- mal life than those in the middle and deeper parts of the basin. Slope data, above sill depths, from Hartman, 1955a. No. of samples Classes of ois : Per cent Biomass Animals Living Animals Depth, m Breese Meet Absent g/sq. per sq.m. 587 11 0 0 NOT ASSESSED 637 6 0 0 NOT ASSESSED 687 12 0 0 NOT ASSESSED 737 11 0 0 NOT ASSESSED SILL DEPTH 787 13 0 0 10.9 107 837 12 5 29 13.4 111 887 8 25 76 > 0.1 4 937 0 7 100 0.0 0 One of the shallower samples from sta. 5135 contained living Cyclo- pecten not previously recovered from subsill depths. Another deep one from sta. 3019 contained a small polynoid annelid in which the setae harbored a suctorian related to Acineta. A sample from sta. 5002 con- tained five specimens of a mysid shrimp, Acanthomysis, possibly captured from pelagic waters. THE OUTER BASINS: SANTA CATALINA, SANTA CRUZ, SAN NICOLAS, TANNER, WEST CORTES, SAN CLEMENTE The best sampled, Santa Catalina Basin, with 10 stations and photo- graphs (Emery, 1956), demonstrates the presence of a diversified meta- zoan fauna having its affinities with that at sill and slope depths. Char- acteristic are the dead shells of a brachiopod Lacqueus, a crinoid Floro- metra, large polychaetes Asychis, and many smaller kinds of animals. ‘The most abundant kinds are various species of polychaetes, some of which atain sexual maturity. None of the samples has been without life. The finer screenings consistently contain many foraminiferan shells, some radiolarians, sponge spicules, an occasional fish otolith or fish scales, No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 13 and many small metazoan animals of diversified kinds. The subsill waters over the sediments support a unique hydrozoan medusa (Hartman and Emery, 1956) not found in similar abundance in any other area of southern California. Adjacent areas of the basin, as shown by a sample 58 meters above sill depth, have been found to contain as many as 291 individuals in 48 species, with a biomass value of 76 grams per square meter. The floor of Santa Cruz Basin has been sampled only along its southwest wall and into its deepest part. It is the only one from which simple ascidians have been recovered (Appendix V). San Nicolas Basin is partly known from two photographs and a benthic sample. One photo at 1778 meters (Plate 2, fig. 1) shows an abundance of surface life with sea-whips and urchins, perhaps 4dlocen- trotus fragilis; the other at 1738 meters (Plate 2, fig. 2) shows at least two comatulid crinoids, perhaps Florometra, not in sharp focus. The benthic sample from sta. 5116 was nearly barren except for the shells of foraminiferans. If the metazoan animals are widely dispersed, as seems likely, it may be necessary to take many samples to determine biomass and bio-index values. The basin would appear to have a diversified bottom fauna. Tanner Basin is known from a photograph (Plate 1, fig. 2) and a bottom sample. The photo shows two comatulid crinoids and surface irregularities which are perhaps the burrows and mounds of metazoan animals, such as tubicolous annelids (onuphids and maldanids), burrow- ing brissopsid urchins, holothurians, and others. The single sample from sta. 5120 yielded two large individuals of an onuphid, Nothria iridescens (Johnson), in addition to a few smaller animals (Appendix IV). The finer screenings contained subspherical foraminiferans and radiolarian tests. West Cortes Basin is known from a single sample containing another kind of large onuphid, Onuphis vexillaria Moore, which was not taken in the other basins. The sediment contained tests of foraminiferans. San Clemente Basin, known from a single sample, supports a large abyssal foraminiferan Cyclamina cancellata Brady, not recovered from other basins. Judging from these results, the outer basins have faunas distinct from those of the nearshore basins. The Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz and San Nicolas Basins support a deep water fauna consisting of several echino- derms (a crinoid, several ophiuroids, one or two echinoids and a holo- thurian), annelids of several kinds, a sipunculid, sea-whips and a few 14 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 others. Most of the species found on these bottoms have their more ex- tensive ranges along the continental slope areas of the eastern Pacific and into cold shallower bottoms of the north Pacific Ocean. Some species are like those found by the ALBATROSS in 1904. Others are unknown to science, but their more extended ranges might be anticipated in the eastern Pacific. A few are like those described from north Pacific deep water (Uschakov, 1955, p. 287). The more distant basins, Tanner, West Cortes and San Clemente are poorly known; their known faunas are related only to those of the eastern Pacific Ocean. There have been no typical cosmopolitan abyssal species, such as those in the genera Laetmonice (aphroditid), Admentella, Drieschia, Macellicephala and Intoshella (polynoids) or the quill-like tubes of Hya- linoecia tubicola (Miller) (an onuphid). BIOMASS AND BIO-INDEX VALUES OF THE BASINS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF ADJACENT AREAS Biomass, expressed as the weight of living organisms per unit area, has been calculated for the samples collected in the basins (Table 1). Some of the data were recorded as displacement volume while most of them were direct weighings. The displacement data, in milliliters, were converted equivalently to grams since the values are low and most animals lack heavy skeletons. A number of samples were rechecked and showed less than 5% difference between volumes and weights in units of grams and milliliters. All of the samples from the basins have been large, an indication that the full areal capacities of the grabs were utilized ; the biomass data have been calculated on this basis, the orange- peel-grab covering 0.24 square meter, the Campbell grab covering 0.55 square meter. Data from San Pedro and Santa Monica Basins were arranged to include stations lacking life so that the biomass figures are an average of all samples. The calculated figures from basins other than San Pedro, Santa Monica and Santa Catalina are unreliable due to the sparse sampling and may be modified with additional collections. The biomasses (or standing crops) of two of the nearshore basins are quite low, about 4.0 to 5.0 grams per square meter. Analyses of the other nearshore basin, Santa Barbara, show a much greater biomass, approximately 42.0 grams per square meter. This is due to the fact that two of the collected samples were at or near sill depths and a number No. l HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 15 of heavy-shelled mollusks were captured. Sampling broader and deeper areas in this basin may reduce the average biomass values to levels near or below those in Santa Monica and San Pedro Basins. The best sampled outer and deeper basin, Santa Catalina, with higher subsill dissolved oxygen values, has a biomass of about 8.7 grams per square meter; it has many more species and denser populations than do the nearshore basins (Table 1). The single samples and photographs of other offshore basins indicate that biomass values are larger in the deeper basins than in the shallower nearshore basins. Identical sampling procedures have been used in shallow waters of the coastal shelves and considerable unpublished data have been used to provide the following comparisons with the basins. On the shelf along the Palos Verdes Hills, in shallow waters of 13 to 18 m depth, lives a rich Chaetopterus-Lima association, comprising about 75 species of animals in the association. These shallow bottoms support standing crops of approximately 4000 grams and about 2400 animals per square meter. Other bottoms dominated by ophiuroids, in depths of 30 to 80 meters, support about 500 grams of biomass, 1700 animals per square meter, distributed among 250 species. It may be seen that the standing crops in the basins are quite low in comparison with the rich coastal shelves. The impoverishment of the nearshore basins and their proximity to highly productive shallow bot- toms and neritic waters is indirect evidence that the supply of reworked debris and detritus to the shallow basin floors is considerably greater than to the deeper basins. This is seen clearly in the samples from near- shore basins, which when washed and screened, leave large residues of dead organic materials. Thus, a considerable excess of organic matter which has not been recycled through benthic metazoans is available to bacterial processes in the shallow basin sediments. Biomasses of the better sampled basins correspond favorably with data reported by Zenkevitch and Birstein (1956, p. 55, 6.94 grams per square meter) for depths of 950 to 4070 meters on slopes near the Kurile Trench in the North Pacific Ocean. Bio-index is an expression of the total population of animals in a sample relative to the diversity of that population, that is, the ratio of total animals to total species. Along the coastal shelves of southern Cali- fornia in depths of less than 100 meters, bio-indices of individual samples covering an area of 0.25 square meter can be expressed in the range of 5.0 for ophiuroid bottoms up to 23.0 for algal or kelp holdfast bottoms which are in depths of less than 10 meters. In the former case the typical 16 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 ophiuroid sample contains a large number of species, each with a few representatives, except for the dominant members. In the latter case samples from algal associations contain large numbers of species feeding on rich grounds and the individuals of many species reach staggering numbers. The offshore subsill areas of the basins support populations having bio-indices of 3.0 or less, reflecting the lack of aggregation of individuals of a species on areas of 0.25 square meter. Thus, members of a species are widely separated statistically. ‘The expression of bio-index, to have any meaning, must be limited in its areal extent. Theoretical samples of large areal capacity, such as a square kilometer, would have large bio-indices (calculated as 500,000 in Santa Catalina Basin) and larger samples approach infinity, for specific categories are limited in number while numbers of individuals are un- limited. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANIMALS EXISTING IN DEEP BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Most species are representatives of a few major groups (Appendix VI). Polychaetous annelids with 109 species are the most abundant and diversified. Echinoderms are represented by 13 kinds of ophiuroids, one crinoid, three urchins and two holothurians. Sipunculids and nemerteans are each represented by one or two species. Smaller crustaceans occur, with 16 kinds of amphipods, six isopods, two cumaceans, an ostracod, a ghost shrimp and a munnid crab. Mollusks are represented by about 8 living and 6 other dead kinds of pelecypods, four living and 2 dead kinds of gastropods, three scaphopods, a chaetoderm, a chiton and dead ptero- pod shells. Coelenterates, bryozoans, and an enteropneust are repre- sented by one or a few specimens. Many species are tubicolous or burrow- ing, existing in the sediments. They appear to occur in predictable ag- gregates, so that the presence of one kind of species implies the presence of other specific kinds. Most of the basin animals are small in size, ranging in length to a few millimeters. They have a greater tolerance for reduced oxygen supplies than do larger ones (Allee, Emerson, Park, Park & Schmidt, 1949, p. 343). A few are large and construct thick-walled mud tubes. Ovigerous specimens often have relatively few, large and yolky eggs, suggesting the presence of a short or no pelagic life. Individuals prob- ably occur widely spaced since they number one to a few per sample. No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 17 Some species have been taken only in nonreproductive or vegetative stages; they may be incapable of attaining gonadial development at the level of the basin floors. Such individuals can have had their ontogenesis from reproductive populations typically existing at the sill or shallower levels. Others that occur as adults or ovigerous are believed to be typical at the basin level or in deeper parts of the ocean. Among the polychaetes, many species have a wide vertical or eury- bathic range in the eastern Pacific and geographically into far northern waters, suggesting a tolerance to depth and an adequate means of dis- persal. Other species are strictly endemic and are not known outside of these restricted ranges. ‘Those taken by the ALBATROSS in 1904 (Appendix I) were all unknown when described. Fifty years later the VELERO IV has taken many of the same species from similar or near- by localities, as well as many other species which are considered to be new to science and restricted in their ranges. A few of these species show similarities with deep water forms taken in other parts of the world. Many belong to genera with wide geographic ranges. Typical deep sea animals having a reported cosmopolitan distribution were not identified (IUBS, 1954). Food habits. Animals existing in the deep basins are mainly sedentary or nonforaging in their feeding habits. Most of them rely on food which is either brought to them or is in easy access. Exceptions to this may be the brissopsid urchins, which burrow in the sediments, and the comatulid crinoids, which move about more or less freely. Food requirements of vegetative individuals can be very low, while actively growing or re- producing stages have a high rate of consumption. The rain of organic debris from the photosynthetic layers of the sea to the bottom must be of small extent at depths such as exist in the basins. If higher dissolved oxygen values existed in the shallow nearshore basins, they would be more productive than the deeper basins; but the reverse appears to be the case. Dead biological remains are much richer in the shallow basins, while samples from deep basins rarely yield such debris. Some food in the basins may be provided by the straying of bathy- pelagic life across the sediments, suggested by the occasional presence of an otolith or fish scales. Limited food cycles occur as a result of reactions between individuals of an association, the more voracious or larger, devouring the lesser or smaller ones. The sills and banks surrounding the basins are the habitats of considerable life. Animals at these depths may partly supply the deeper floors with food in the form of larvae and offal ; however, some of the larvae survive to repopulate and form vegeta- tive components of the subsill faunas. 18 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 The polychaetes are best represented in the basins. Some of the larger kinds are ampharetids, terebellids, onuphids and maldanids. The first two kinds have a prehensile tentacular oral apparatus and may be filter feeders. Onuphids have a hard masticatory pharynx and may tear food particles from a larger mass. Maldanids have a soft voluminous pro- boscis and probably ingest unsorted masses of mud and food particles. Phyllochaetopterus, like other chaetopterids, may secrete a mucus ball in which foods are trapped. A large deep water gastropod, Turcicula, feeds on green mud and foraminiferans (Dall, 1890). Ophiuroids (Ziesenhenne, in Jitt.) and the amphipods that have been examined are largely deposit feeders. No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 19 LITERATURE CITED ALLEE, W. C., A. E. EMerson, O. Park, T. Park, AND K. P. SCHMIDT 1949. Principles of animal ecology. Philadelphia. xii, 837 pp., illus., maps. Datu, W. H. 1890. Preliminary report on the collection of Mollusca and Brachiopoda obtained in 1887-’88. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 12: 219-362, pls. 5-14. Emery, K. O. 1953. A newly surveyed submarine basin off Mexico. Amer. Jour. Sci. 251: 656-660, 2 figs. 1954. Source of water in basins off southern California. Jour. Mar. Res. 13: 1-21, 6 figs. 1956. Velero IV—Marine Laboratory of University of Southern California. Sea and Pacific Motor Boat 48: 40, 41, 119, 10 figs. Emery, K. O., AND S. C. RITTENBERG 1952. Early diagenesis of California basin sediments in relation to origin of oil. Bul. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geologists 36: 735-806, 30 figs. HARTMAN, O. 1955a. Quantitative survey of the benthos of San Pedro Basin, southern California. Allan Hancock Pac. Expeds. 19: 1-185, 2 charts, 7 pls. 1955b. Endemism in the north Pacific Ocean, with emphasis on the distribu- tion of marine annelids, and descriptions of new or little known species. Iz Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock. Los Angeles. pp. 39-60, 4 pls. 1956. Contributions to a biological survey of Santa Monica Bay, California. A final report submitted to Hyperion Engineers, Inc., by the Geology Department, University of Southern California. 161pp., 5 figs. (mul- tilithed ) HarTMAN, O., AND K. O. EMERY 1956. Bathypelagic coelenterates. Limnol. and Oceanog. 1: 304-312, 3 figs., 4 pls. IUBS 1954. On the distribution and origin of the deep sea bottom fauna. Inter- natl. Union Biol. Sci., ser. B, no. 16, pp. 1-90, figs. Orr, W. L., AND J. R. GRADY 1957. Determination of chlorophyll derivatives in marine sediments. Deep- Sea Res. 4: 263-271, 2 figs. RITTENBERG, S. C., K. O. EMERY AND W. L. Orr 1955. Regeneration of nutrients in sediments of marine basins. Deep-Sea Res. 3: 23-45, 6 figs. . SHEPARD, F. P., AND K. O. EMERY 1941. Submarine topography off the California coast: Canyons and tectonic interpretation. Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap. 31: xiii, 171pp., figs., charts. UscHakoy, P. V. 1955. Mnogoshchetinkovye chervi dal’nevostochnykh morei SSSR (Poly- chaeta). [Polychaetous annelids of far eastern seas of the USSR.] Anas nauk SSSR, Zool. Inst., Opred. po Faune SSSR 56: 1-445, 164 figs. ZENKEVICH, L. A., AND J. A. BIRSTEIN 1956. Studies of the deep water fauna and related problems. Deep-Sea Res. 4: 54-64, 4 figs. 20 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 APPENDIX I LIST OF ALBATROSS STATIONS IN SUBSILL PARTS OF THE BASINS (Includes only those from which animal species have been described ) Santa Catalina Basin: D 4402. E pt NW Harbor, San Clemente Island, N 74° W, 5.8 mi, in 992 to 1096 m. polychaetes: Evarnella fragilis (Moore) Pista disjuncta Moore D 4405. E pt NW Harbor, San Clemente Island, S 72° W, 2.9 mi, in 1197 to 1288 m. polychaetes: Lagisca multisetosa Moore Lagisca lamellifera (Marenzeller) Nereis procera Ehlers Lumbrineris index Moore Maldane cristata Treadwell (—M. carinata Moore) Amphitrite robusta Johnson ascidian: Ascidia clementea Ritter D 4406. SE pt Santa Catalina Island, N 32° E, 8.2 mi, in 1190 m. polychaetes: Lumbrineris index Moore Pista disjuncta Moore D 4415. NE pt Santa Barbara Island, N 89° W, 8.6 mi, in 1168 to 553 m. polychaetes: Nereis procera Ehlers Nothria pallida Moore Nicomache carinata Moore Amphitrite robusta Johnson Amage scutata Moore Melinna heterodonta Moore Santa Cruz Basin: D 4425. E pt San Nicolas Island, S 7° E, 21.8 mi, in 2013 to 1984 m. polychaetes: Lagisca lamellifera (Marenzeller) Nereis procera Ehlers Amphicteis scaphobranchiata Moore No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 21 Amphitrite robusta Johnson ascidians: Halomolgula ovoidia Ritter Ascidia clementea Ritter Ciona mollis Ritter San Clemente Basin: D 4387. 32° 32’ 40” N, 118° 04’ 20” W, in 1038 m. sipunculid: Golfingia laetmophila Fisher polychaetes: Nothria hiatidentata Moore Hyalinoecia tubicola stricta Moore Lysippe annectens Moore San Nicolas Basin: D 4423. E pt San Nicolas Island, S 7.6 mi, 620-395 m. (Note: ‘The recorded depth is too shallow for the basin but the given position is subsill). polychaetes: Ehlersia heterochaeta Moore Eumida tubiformis Moore Lepidonotus caelorus Moore Evarnella fragilis (Moore) Nicomache carinata Moore amphipod: Stilipes distincta Holmes 22 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 APPENDIX II DESCRIPTION OF STATIONS OF THE VELERO IV IN THE BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (Stations in San Pedro Basin given in Hartman 1955a are not re- peated. The letter prefix indicates the name of the basin: C = Santa Catalina Basin, M = Santa Monica Basin, P = San Pedro Basin, Cr = Santa Cruz Basin, B = Santa Barbara Basin, N = San Nicolas Basin, IT — Tanner Basin, Cl = San Clemente Basin, WC = West Cortes Basin). ¢c: 2130-52. June 26, 1952. 8.3 mi E by S of south light, Santa Barbara Island, 33° 26’ 21” N, 118° 52’ 41” W, in 1260 m. OPG took a large sample of green mud. C. 2169-52. Oct. 30, 1952. 13.5 mi WSW of East End, Santa Catalina Island, 33° 11:28” N,, 118°:.310032” W, in 1251 mm: OPG took 67.9 L of fine mud. M. 2620-54. Apr. 7, 1954. 7.8 mi W of Point Vicente Lighthouse, 33° 44” 02” N, 118° 33’ 59” W, in 765 m. OPG took 62.1 L of gray-green mud. M. 2729-54. May 8, 1954. 9.5 mi W of Point Vicente Lighthouse, 33° 45’ 49” N, 118° 35’ 50” W, in 814 m. OPG took 96.0 L of fine gray mud. M. 2791-54. May 22, 1954. 8.8 mi WNW of Palos Verdes Point, 33° 48’ 00” N, 118° 36’ 03” W, in 759 m. OPG took 87.2 L of blue-gray mud. M. 2794-54. May 22, 1954. 9.6 mi W of Palos Verdes Point, 33° 44’ 02” N, 118° 36’ 00” W, in 787 m. OPG took 96.0 L of blue-gray mud. P; 2801-54. May 23, 1954. 4.9 mi NE of Long Point, Santa Cata- lina Island, 33° 27’ 57” N, 118° 17’ 58” W, in 867 m. OPG took 74.5 L of blue-green mud. C 2846-54. June 23, 1954. 5.5 mi WSW of West End, Santa Catalina Island, 33° 26’ 02” N, 118° 42’ 00” W, in 1120 m. Campbell grab took 162 L of gray-green mud. Cc. 2848-54. June 23, 1954. 1.9 mi SSW of West End, Santa Catalina Island, 33° 18’ 00” N, 118° 42’ 00” W, in 1305 m. Campbell grab took 93.4 L of sandy gray-green mud. No. 1 Cr HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 23 2849-54. June 23, 1954. 14.2 mi WSW of East End, Santa Catalina Island, 33° 12’ 00” N, 118° 34’ 06” W, in 1282 m. Campbell grab took 162.4 L of gray-green mud. 2850-54. June 23, 1954. 4.3 mi S of East End, Santa Catalina Island, 33° 14” 00” N, 118° 18’ 04” W, in 1135 m. Campbell grab took 150.3 L of green mud. 2963-54. Oct. 30, 1954. 16.4 mi W of Point Vicente Light, 33° 44’ 22” N, 118° 44” 16” W, in 896 m. Campbell grab took 162.4 L of gray-green mud. 2964-54. Oct. 30, 1954. 10.8 mi S of Point Dume, 33° 49’ 26” N, 118° 49’ 16” W, in 896 m. Campbell grab took 162.4 L of gray-green mud. 2965-54. Oct. 30, 1954. 7.5 mi SW of Point Dume, 33° 54’ 23” N, 118° 54’ 11” W, in 860 m. Campbell grab took 93.2 L of gray-green mud. 2970-54. Oct. 31, 1954. 11.6 mi N of Santa Barbara Island, 33° 45’ 30” N, 119° 05’ 00” W, in 871 m. Campbell grab took 101.1 L of gray-green mud. 3007-55. Feb. 15, 1955. 6.5 mi SW of Point Fermin Light, 337 38 SI” N; 118223? 27” W, in 838 m! ORG, filled with green mud. 3019-55. Apr. 1, 1955. 13.4 mi WSW of Point Vicente Deke 33° 39’ 14” N, 118° 39° 29” W, in 778 m. Campbell grab took 160 L of green sticky mud with glass sponge and black rocks. 3020-55. Apr. 1, 1955. 1.7 mi SE of Anacapa Island Light, 33° 54’ 09” N, 119° 10’ 15” W, in 814 m. Campbell grab took 125.6 L of green mud. 3025-55. May 6, 1955. 9.7 mi ESE of North Light, Santa Barbara Island, 33° 24’ 40” N, 118° 51’ 33” W, in 1298 m. OPG took 67.6 L of gray-green mud. 3026-55. May 6, 1955. 5.25 mi E of North Light, Santa Bar- bara Island; 33° 28’ 57” N, 118° 557337 Win 1016 m. OPG took 60.6 L of gray-green mud. 3027-55. May 7, 1955. 24.4 mi WNW of North Light, Santa Barbara Island, 33° 37’ 38% N; 119° 30’ 28” W,, in 1918) m. OPG took 56.9 L of gray-green sandy mud. 24 Cr. Cz Cl. WC. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 3028-55. May 7, 1955. 18 mi N of Aero Beacon, San Nicolas Island; 33° 32’- 15” N11 192" 3174227 Wit in 4788em. OG took 81.8 L of gray-green mud. 3029-55. May 7, 1955. 16.1 mi N of San Nicolas Island, 33° 30’ 25° IN, 119° (317 577 W, in 1514 m.\OPGtooke#83:8 (of gray-green mud. 3410-55. Aug. 30, 1955. 15.4 mi NE of North End, Santa Bar- bara Island, 33° 40’ 20” N, 118° 48’ 28” W, in 893 m. OPG filled with fine mud. 3411-55. Aug. 30, 1955. 16.4 mi NNE of North End, Santa Barbara Island;33° 43” 30/7 Ni 1s? 527 01” Wa an S91 me OPG filled with fine mud. 3412-55. Aug. 30, 1955. 20.5 mi NE of North End, Santa Barbara Island, 33° 44’ 53” N, 118° 46’ 04” W, in 891 m. OPG filled with fine mud. 3503-55. Sep. 24, 1955. 11 mi NW of West Point, Santa Cruz Iskand, 34°. 13’°38” N,, 120° 027.117" Win 581m. OPRG filled with mud. 3504-55. Sep. 24, 1955. 6.7 mi NW of West Point, Santa Cruz Island, 34° 08’ 54” N, 120° 01’ 25” W, in 493 m. OPG filled with mud. 3731-55. Dec. 12, 1955. 18 mi SE of Point Conception, 34° 14’ 107% N, 120212” 457 Win) 503°m.) ORG took 106:7 Tot green mud. 3733-55. Dec. 12, 1955. 19.5 mi SW of Santa Barbara Point Light, 34° 10’ 40” N, 120° 00’ 42” W, in 558 m. OPG took 87.2 L of green mud. 4669-56. Sep. 16, 1956. 16.2 mi SE of Pyramid Light, San Clemente Island, 32° 37’ 45” N, 118° 07’ 32” W, in 2059 m. OPG took 72.2 L of green mud. 4675-56. Sep. 18, 1956. 13 mi 236° T from Bishop Rock Buoy, Cortes Bank, 32° 18’ 00” N, 119° 19’ 15” W, in 1487 m. OPG took 33.9 L of sediment. 4742-56. Dec. 1, 1956. 6.25 mi 223° T from West End Light, Santa Catalina Island, 33° 24’ 05” N, 118° 41’ 30” W, in 1195 m. OPG took 69.3 L of sediment. 4999-57. Apr. 17, 1957. 17.2 mi 233° T from Santa Barbara Point Light, 34° 12’ 30” N, 120° 00’ 00” W, in 618 m. OPG took 71.3 L of green mud. No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 25 5002-57. Apr. 19, 1957. 15 mi 141° T from Anacapa Island Light, 33° 49’ 12” N, 119° 10’ 00” W, in 877 m. OPG took 26.9 L of dark green mud and fine gray sand. 5104-57. May 28, 1957. 12.75 mi 251° T from West End Light, Santa Catalina Island, 33° 24’ 30” N, 118° 50’ 40” W, in 1330 m. OPG took 71.1 L of green mud with many fine mud pellets. 5106-57. May 28, 1957. 6 mi 359° T from Ship Rock Light, Santa, Catalina ‘Island, 33°33’ 45” IN; 118°" 29725” Win 878 m. OPG took 90.6 L of green mud with gassy smell. 5116-57. June 17, 1957. 22.2 mi 120.5° T from East Light, San Nicolas Island, 33° 02’ 35” N, 119° 03’ 15” W, in 1796 m. OPG took 51.8 L of green mud. 5120-57. June 18, 1957. 20.7 mi 213.5° T from Aero Light, San Nicolas Island, 32° 57’ 10” N, 119° 43’ 50” W, in 1527 m. OPG took 42.6 L of green mud. 5130-57. June 19, 1957. 10.8 mi 157° T from Anacapa Island Light, 33° 51’ 00” N, 119° 16’ 35” W, in 852 m. OPG took 69.3 L of green mud. 5135-57. June 20, 1957. 8 mi 145° T from Anacapa Island Light, 33° 54’ 15” N, 119° 16’ 15” W, in 771 m. OPG took 80.7 L of green mud. 26 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 APPENDIX III ANALYSES OF SAMPLES FROM NEARSHORE BASINS SANTA BARBARA BASIN: Analyses of 5 samples, listed by depth in meters; all samples contained living animals. Biomas io-inde Station Depth ml ey tndividuals De ne sample to Species Remains gL, pee etl Satie a cate Pee he 493 14.0 (25.2g) 68/11 mollusk shells 1/6 [acai aacaleh ee Ai a ARAL 503 1.3 26/9 mollusk shells K 7/552 palin eens LR SIMBA? 558 24.1 (25.lg) * 12/7: mollusk shells SS OS cea BEERS Stok Toe 581 0.4 4/2 mellusk shells BOO Gia silks cooge treat tane St Se 618 0.5 (0.48g) 3/3 mollusk shells *Excludes mysids. Sta. 3504-55: Screenings retained little sediment, many mollusk shells, a trace of foraminiferan tests and some living animals, the largest a maldanid, Asychis lacera, the most conspicuous the pelecypods, Cardita redon- doensis. Mollusks pelecypods Cardita redondoensis—38 large and small living and many dead shells, the living shells with colonies of a ctenostome bryozoan Compsomyax subdiaphana—2 Lucinoma annulata—3 dead shells; one measures 52 x 45 mm, the two others about 35 x 30 mm Tindaria californica—2 dead shells gastropods Amphissa bicolor—1 Epitonium cf. catalinense—1 Nitidella permodesta—\ living and 1 dead shell solenogaster Chaetoderma sp.—3 (flat-top form) Bryozoan Bowerbankia gracilis—1 colony Crustacean Siriella sp—1 (probably in bathypelagic waters) No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 27 Coelenterates cerianthid anemones, small—4 Polychaetes Asychis lacera—1 larger Maldane sarsi—4 in tubes Paraonis multibranchiata—2 Fish otoliths—2 Sta 3/OL-55': Screenings consisted of many uniformly small ovoid mud balls, per- haps the fecal pellets of mollusks; few foraminiferans and no sponge remains. Mollusks (includes living and dead shells, none drilled) pelecypods Macoma leptonoidea—many dead shells Cardita redondoensis—hundreds of dead shells of various sizes Lucinoma annulata—dead shells gastropods Nitidella permodesta—2 living and several dead shells Spiratella cf. pacifica—many dead pteropod shells solenogaster Chaetoderma sp.—3 living (flat-top form) Bryozoan small branching colony—1 Crustaceans ostracod—1 amphipod Byblis, unknown sp.—2 Coelenterate cerianthid anemone—1 small Polychaetes Paraonis multibranchiata—15 very long, slender Phyllochaetopterus, unknown sp.—1 anterior end and some tubes Protis pacifica—tube fragments Bia. 3735-0): Screenings were largely small dead shells of Spiratella, very few foraminiferans and radiolarian tests. None of the dead mollusks is drilled. 28 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Mollusks pelecypods Chama sp.—several dead valves Lucinoma annulata—2 living and other dead shells Macoma leptonoidea—many dead, smooth white shells pteropods Spiratella cf. pacifica—many small dead shells pteropod shells, Clio and Cavolina solenogaster Chaetoderma sp.—2 living Crustacean mysid, perhaps in bathypelagic waters—2 Nematodes—3 Polychaetes Aricidea, nr suecica, oculate—1 Exogone sp.—l onuphid, juv.—1 Paraonis multibranchiata—1 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—tube fragments Sta. 3503-55: Screenings consisted of many white dead shells of MMacoma, pteropod shells, and very few foraminiferans, also many muddy fecal pellets. Mollusks (includes living and dead shells, none drilled) Macoma leptonoidea—many dead shells Nitidella permodesta—2 living and 3 dead shells Spiratella cf. pacifica—many dead shells Echinoderms, ophiuroid Amphiodia (Amphispina) digitata—2 small, one arm fragment Crustaceans, mysid perhaps Siriella sp., in bathypelagic waters—6 Sta. 4999-57: Screenings consisted of many dead shells of mollusks. Mollusks Nitidella permodesta—1 living and 5 dead shells Sponge small white—1 Polychaete Glycera oxycephala—1 No. l HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 29 SAN PEDRO BASIN: Analyses of 70 samples, listed by depth in meters; those with living animals are preceded by an asterisk (see Hartman 1955a for additional analyses). Biomass, g Bio-index Weed Depth wis Sta. Za pes seule Tees Remainet *2410 750 2.8 27/19 small dead shells, foraminiferans *2340 750 1.0 11/9 siliceous sponge, foraminiferans *2636 754 4.0 26/18 siliceous sponge, foraminiferans *2802 758 12.0 47/18 foraminiferans “*2440 760 Set 70/16 foraminiferans, Ph. #2343 765 1.6 25/13 foraminiferans, echinoid spines *2352 768 2.3 25/10 siliceous sponge, foraminiferans 22539 769 3.7 48/14 Ph. *2642 773 Sal 29/10 _Ph., sponge, foraminiferans *2859 778 1.0 25/10 *2363 784. 1.0 27/10 *2836 787 Za 31/14 #2353 787 25 18/12 Pex. *2431 789 --- 18/8 Ph.Pr. *2619 790 0.3 10/7 Ph.Pr. *2735 796 2.0 12/9 Ph.Pr. *2439 796 0.6 31/16), Ph: #2419 800 --- 3/3 2334 800 no life Ph. *2404 802 10.0* 15/10 2222 805 1S 23/12 *2229 805 We 94/33 *2341 805 trace 5/4 sample imperfect *2839 816 Pei 33/14 2432 823 trace Ph.Pr. *2500 823 40.0* 250/18 2731 823 no life Ph: *2837 831 0.8 20/8 -eh Pr: 2627 833 no life Ph. 2405 836 no life Ph.Pr. 2420 838 trace Ph.Pr.Cy. 3007 838 no life Ph.Pr.Cy. 2433 842 trace Ph.Pr. 2386 842 no life Pheer 2454 842 no life Ph. *2305 842 trace 1/1 PhPr: 2626 842 no life Ph. 1 Ph. = Phyllochaetopterus, Pr. = Protis, Cy. = Cyclopecten 30 Sta. *2322 2732 2421 2166 *2303 *2304 2409 2740 *2801 2325 2406 2739 2800 2140 2453 2223 2323 2407 2408 2434 5106 2387 2388 2499 2799 2422 2333 2331 2146 2327 2330 2332 2364 1 Ph. = Phyllochaetopterus, Pr. = Protis, Cy. = Cyclopecten ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Depth m 842 850 853 860 860 860 860 860 867 869 869 874 874 856-887 878 878 878 878 878 878 878 883 883 884 885 885 891 893 897 897 897 897 906 Biomass, g Bio-index Dead persample Individuals *— ml trace no life no life no life 0.1 trace no life no life 0.8* no life no life no life no life trace no life trace no life no life trace no life no life no life no life trace no life no life no life no life no life no life no life no life no life to Species 5/4 3/3 “jt 9/8 3/3 7/2 10/5 Remains? Ph.Pr. Ph. Ph.Pr.Cy. Ph. Ph.Pr.Cy. Ph.Pr. Ph.Pr.Cy. Ph.Cy. Ph.Pr.Cy. Pheer Ph. Ph.Cy. Ph.Cy. Ph. Ph. Ph.Cy. Ph.Pr. Pier PhPr: Ph.Pr. Ph.Pr.Cy. Ph.Pr.Cy. Ph. Ph.Pr.Cy. Ph:PrGy: Ph.Pr.Cy. Ph. Ph. Ph:Pr Ph. Ph. Ph. Ph. VOL. 22 No. l HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 31 The following is information supplementary to Hartman 1955a Sta. 2410-53: Screenings about a half liter of small mud balls, orbicular forami- niferans. List of animals amplified: Echinoderms Amphipholis pugetana—1 Amphipholis squamata—3 Amphiura seminuda—1 Ophiacantha sp.?—1 Ophiocynodus corynetes—1 Ophiomusium jolliensis—1 Polychaetes Ancistrosyllis tentaculata—1 Aricidea nr suecica —2 Califia calida—2 Chaetozone corona—1 Cossura candida—1 ?Letochrides sp.—1 Maldane sarsi—2 Paraonis gracilis oculata—1 Tharyx sp.—3 Sta. 2340-53: Screenings about 25 cc with orbicular and discoid foraminiferans, some siliceous sponge. Mollusks chaetoderm—1 gastropod, small—1 Echinoderms Amphiura arcystata—1 Ophiacantha moniliformis—1 Nemertean—fragment Polychaetes Laonice sp.—fragment Maldane sarsi—1 Notomastus sp.—1 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—tubes Tharyx sp.—fragments Sta. 2636-54: Screenings about 250 cc with siliceous sponge, orbicular forami- niferans. 32 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Mollusk chaetoderm—1 Echinoderms Amphiodia urtica—2 Amphipholis pugetana—2 Ophiomusium jolliensis—2 Anemone, small—2 Nemertean, small—1 Crustaceans Caprella sp.—1 Harpinia sp. B—1 Heterophoxus oculatus—1 crab, Munidopsis depressa—3 juv. Polychaetes Glycera capitata branchiopoda —1 Lumbrineris sp.—1 Maldane sarsi—1 Myriochele gracilis—1 Notomastus sp.—3 Rhodine bitorquata—1 sabellid—fragments Spiophanes sp.—1 Sta. 2802-54: Screenings about 500 cc of mud balls, orbicular foraminiferans and siliceous sponge. Mollusks chaetoderm—2 Nitidella permodesta—1 Echinoderms seastar, spinous—I1 ophiuroids—1 larger, 1 minute Anemone—2 Nemertean—fragment Cumacean—1 Polychaetes Amphicteis and other ampharetids—21 Ancistrosyllis tentaculata—1 Aricidea nr suecica—1 Califia calida—1 Lagisca sp.—1 No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 33 Laonice sp.—1 Melinna pacifica, sensu Moore—2 Notomastus sp.—2 Paraonis gracilis oculata—1 Tharyx sp.—3 terebellid fragments—2 Sta. 2440-53: Screenings about 500 cc with foraminiferans, mud balls, fragments of Phyllochaetopterus tubes. Mollusks Cadulus sp.—2 A glaja sp.—1 chaetoderm—1 clam, small—14 Echinoderms, ophiuroids—12 Anemone—1 Crustaceans Ampelisca sp.—1 Harpinia sp. B—2 Ilyarachna sp.—1 Leptochelia sp.—1 Nemertean—1 Polychaetes Aricidea nr suecica—2 Brada sp.—2 Califia calida—1 Chone sp.—3 Maldane sarsi—3 Notomastus sp.—1 Tharyx sp., epitokous, ovigerous—22 Sta. 2343-53: Screenings with many orbicular foraminiferans, a few long spines of echinoids. Mollusk Tellina sp.—1 Echinoderms Leptosynapia albicans—1 Brissopsis pacifica—fragment ophiuroids—fragments 34 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Crustaceans Ampelisca macrocephala—3 Ampelisca pugetica—3 Leptochelia sp.—2 Polychaetes Califia calida—2 Euclymene delineata—1 Nothria stigmatis—4 Scoloplos armiger—4 ?Schistocomus sp.—fragment Tharyx sp.—1| Sta. 2352-53: Screenings with siliceous sponge, orbicular foraminiferans, a large terebellid tube externally covered with foraminiferans. Emended listing: Echinoderms Amphipholis pugetana—2 Ophiacantha diplasia—1 Ophiocynodus corynetes—1 Polychaetes Amphicteis scaphobranchiata—1 Protis pacifica—15 Thelepus setosus—1 Sta: 2335-93: Screenings contained nearly a liter of siliceous sponge and remains of dead and living animals. Mollusks clam, small white—4 Delectopecten—shell bits Crustaceans crab, Munidopsis depressa—1 amphipod—1 Echiuroid, perhaps Thalassema sp.—1 tongue Enteropneust, anterior end—1 Polychaetes Amphicteis scaphobranchiata, with tubes—14 Califia calida—| capitellid fragment—1 Maldane sarsi—4 No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 35 Myriochele sp.—2 Pista disjuncta—1 Protis pacifica, with tubes attached to Phyllochaetopterus tubes—14 Tharyx sp.—1 Sta. 2642-54: Screenings about 250 cc with many orbicular foraminiferans, some siliceous sponge, broken squid beaks, mucoid tube of polyodontid and dead tubes of Phyllochaetopterus Mollusks chaetoderm—3 Nemertean—2Z Sipunculid—2 Polychaetes Califia calida—1 Chaetozone corona—2 Chone sp.—1 Maldane sarsi—6 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—1 Terebellides stroemi—1| Tharyx sp.—10 Sta. 2859-54: . Screenings with siliceous sponge, foraminiferans, some radiolarians. Mollusks chaetoderm—4 minute clam—1 Sea-whip—2 Crustaceans ostracod—1 Callianassa goniophthalma—1 Sipunculid—1 Nemertean—fragments Polychaetes ?Ampharete arctica—fragments Ancistrosyllis tentaculata—1 Aricidea nr suecica—3 Lumbrineris sp.—fragment maldanid—fragment Paraonis gracilis oculata—2 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—dead tubes 36 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Protis pacifica—dead tubes Spiophanes sp.—fragment Tharyx sp.—l1 Sta. 2363-53: Screenings about 1 liter, of which 400 cc is foraminiferans, 250 cc is sticks, the rest remains and tubes of animals and waxy dark red- dish brown lumps. Mollusk chaetoderm—3 Echinoderms Amphipholis pugetana—3 Ophiopholis longispina—3 Nemertean—fragment Polychaetes Amage anops—fragments and large tube Notomastus sp.—fragment Phyllochaetopterus sp.—1 Pilargis sp.—1 Polydora sp.—1 Prionospio sp.—1 Protis pacifica—8 and tubes, some attached to ampharetid tube Tharyx sp.—3 Sta. 2836-54: polychaetes emended. Polychaetes Ampharete arctica juy.—6 Ancistrosyllis tentaculata—3 Aricidea nr suecica—4 hesionid, small white—2 maldanid—fragments Notomastus sp.—4 Protis pacifica—3 Tharyx sp.—1 Sta. 2619-54: polychaetes emended. Polychaetes Ampharete arctica—1 Drilonereis ?nuda—1 Lumbrineris index—1 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—6 and numerous tubes Telepsavus costarum—1 No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 37 Sta. 2439-53: Screenings about 100 cc of orbicular foraminiferans, tiny mud balls, trace of siliceous sponge, a few radiolarians. Echinoderm ophiuroid—2 fragments Crustaceans Leptochelia sp.—2 Limnoria sp.—1 W estwoodilla sp.—1 Polychaetes Aricidea nr suecica—2 Chone sp.—1 Cossura candida—2 Drilonereis falcata—1 Maldane sarsi—1 Myriochele ?gracilis—7 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—I1 and numerous tubes Notomastus sp.—2 Scoloplos armiger—1 Tharyx sp.—5 Sta. 2341-53: Screenings consist of a small sample of orbicular foraminiferans, and some metazoans. Sample imperfect. Echinoderm ophiuroid, tiny—1 Mollusk clam in mud case—1 Polychaetes Euclymene delineata, in silty tube—1 Tharyx sp.—2 Sta. 2735-54: Screenings contained many foraminiferan shells, tubes of Phyllochae- topterus, small bits of siliceous sponge and a few metazoan animals. Mollusk Chaetoderma sp.—1 Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi—2 Amage ?anops—1 Ancistrosyllis sp.—1 38 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Califia calida—1 Notomastus sp.—1 Phyllochaetopterus sp., large and smaller tubes Protis pacifica—1 and tubes Spiophanes, unknown species—3 Sta. 2419-53: The 2 large echinoids (Hartman 1955, p. 57) are: Brisaster townsendi—1 Brissopsis pacifica—1 Sta. 2404-53: Corrected list of polychaetes: Amphicteis scaphobranchiata—2+ Ancistroysllis tentaculata—1 Aricidea nr suecica—5+ Lagisca sp.—1 Phyllochaetopterus sp—many tubes and a few specimens Pista disjuncta—1 Polydora sp.—1 Protis pacifica—tubes Tharyx sp.—4 Sta. 2222-53: Screenings consisted of about % liter of debris, many foraminifer- ans, various kinds of metazoans and pieces of wood with boring clams. Mollusks Xylophaga mexicana, boring in old wood—more than 10 Nitidella permodesta—1 Echinoderms, ophiuroid Ophiacantha sp.?—1 Ophiocynodus corynetes—1 Ophiopholis longispina—1 Nemertean—2 or more Polychaetes ampharetid—1 Melinna pacifica, sensu Moore—1, in long, black thick-walled tube 14 inches long Pista disjuncta—1in thick mud-walled tube Protis pacifica—2 or more and white tubes Tharyx sp.—1 No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 39 Sta. 2229-53 Echinoderms, previously unreported (Hartman 1955, p. 127) are: Amphipholis pugetana—4 Amphipholis squamata—2 Brissopsis pacifica—1 Ophiacantha costata—2 Ophiacantha diplasia—1 Ophiothrix spiculata—8 Sta. 2500-53: Screenings contained considerable siliceous sponge, foraminiferans and other animals. Mollusks Cyclopecten sp.—1 living clam, small—1 Chaetoderma sp.—2 scaphopods Echinoderms Amphipholis squamata—1 Ophiacantha diplasia—6 Ophiopholis longispina—92 Crustacean crab, Munidopsis depressa—1 Nemertean—1 large Polychaetes ampharetids, small—2 Ancistrosyllis sp.—fragments ?Dorvillea sp.—3 Lagisca sp.—10 or more Protis pacifica—100 or more sabellid, unknown gen. and sp.—50+ with wormlike parasite scalibregmid—2 fragments ?Streblosoma sp.—10 anterior ends Sta. 3007-55: Screenings contained many subspherical foraminiferans, dead tubes of Phyllochaetopterus, fragments of Protis tubes and dead shells of Cyclopecten; there was no life. Sta. 2801-54: Screenings consisted of many foraminiferan shells, long needles or spicules of siliceous sponge, empty tubes of Phyllochaetopterus and 40 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Protis, dead valves of Cyclopecten, small bit of wood with attached sponge, a fish otolith, and living animals. Sponge vase-shaped, living, perhaps suberitid, with 2 distal oscula Nemertean—1 Sipunculid—1 Polychaetes Ancistrosyllis sp.—1 Aricidea nr suecica—2 maldanid—1 Paraonis gracilis oculata—1 Protis pacifica with tubes—some living Sta. 5106-57: Screenings contained no living animals, but remains of dead species including tubes of Phyllochaetopterus, Protis, Cyclopecten valves, many subspherical foraminiferan tests. Brown waxy lumps, irregular in shape and size were numerous. SANTA MONICA BASIN: Analyses of 17 samples, listed by depth in meters; those with living animals are preceded by an asterisk. Sta. Depth oe cample tedividuals Dead” m 3 Remains! grams to Species 2791 759 no life Ph. 2620 765 no life Ph.Pr. *5135 Uefa 25.0 28/7 Ph. *3019 778 0.5 19/9 Pr.Cy. 2794 787 no life Ph.Pr. *2729 814 22 20/6 Ph. *3020 814 1.0 1/1 Ph.Pr.Cy. 2728 831 no life Ph. *5130 852 0.5 3/3 Ph.Pr.Cy. 2965 860 no life Ph.Pr. 2970 871 no life Ph. 5002 877 trace (pelagic) Ph. 3411 891 no life Ph.Pr.Cy. 3412 891 no life PhPr.Cy,. 3410 893 no life Ph.Pr.Cy. 2963 896 no life Ph.Pr.Cy. 2964 896 no life PhPriCy: 1 Ph = Phyllochaetopterus, Pr = Protis, Cy = Cyclopecten. No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 41 Sta. 2791-54: Screenings consisted of many empty tubes of Phyllochaetopterus. Sta. 2620-54: Screenings consisted of many foraminiferan shells and dead tubes of Phyllochaetopterus, a few tubes of Protis, without life. Star 5139-572 Screenings consisted of about 250 cc of silt with many small forami- niferan shells, empty tubes of Phyllochaetopterus and several kinds of animals. Mollusks Cyclopecten sp.—4 living, with attached tubes of Protis pacifica. Cadulus tolmiei—1 dead shell, not drilled Crustaceans mysids—3, perhaps bathypelagic Coelenterate sea anemone, small white—1 Leech, pale—1 Polychaetes A mage anops, with long branchiae—14 Phyllochaetopterus tubes—many dead Protis pacifica, in tubes—about 6 Pista disjuncta—1 sabellid, unknown, in long cylindrical tube—1 Sta. 3019-55: Screenings contained black rock fragments, some with attached dead serpulid tubes, fragments of siliceous sponge and subspherical forami- niferan shells and living animals. Mollusks Macoma-like clam, small—3 Delectopecten sp., dead shell fragments Nitidella permodesta—1 Cadulus sp.—3 Chaetoderma sp.—5 Polychaetes Ancistrosyllis tentaculata—2 Antinoe sp.—2 Aricidea uschakovi—1 Lumbrineris cf. cruzensis—1 Paraonis gracilis oculata—1 42 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Protozoan suctorian, resembling Acineta, attached to setae of Antinoe sp. Sta. 2794-54: Screenings contained many foraminiferan shells, sponge spicules, tube fragments of Phyllochaetopterus and Protis; there was no life. Sta. 2729-54: Screenings consisted of about half a liter of foraminiferan shells, siliceous sponge spicules, empty tubes of Phyllochaetopterus and a few metazoans. Mollusk Nitidella permodesta—1 Sipunculid—1 Polychaetes Amage anops var.—7 Glycera capitata branchiopoda—1 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—9 or more, with tubes Spiophanes sp.—1 Sta. 3020-55: Screenings contained many foraminiferan tests, empty tubes of Phyl- lochaetopterus and Protis, broken valves of Cyclopecten and a single living animal. Polychaete Amage anops var, with long branchiae—1 large in thick mud tube Sta. 5130-57: Screenings contained some foraminiferan shells and remains of Phyl- lochaetopterus, Protis and Cyclopecten. Mollusks ?Lucinoma annulata—1 small, encrusted with red clay chaetoderm, tumid, short—1 Polychaete Phyllochaetopterus sp.—1 living in tube and larger empty tubes Sta. 2965-54: Screenings contained only dead remains of polychaete tubes and foraminiferan shells. Sta. 2970-54: Screenings contained many tubes of Phyllochaetopterus but no living animals. No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 43 Sta. 5002-57: The sample was dead except for a small crustacean, Acanthomysis sp. which might have been trapped from bathypelagic waters; tube remains of Phyllochaetopterus were present. Crustacean Acanthomysis sp.—5 Sta. 3411-55: Screenings contained many dead wood sticks, dead shells of foramini- ferans, radiolarians, broken shells of Cyclopecten, empty tubes of Phyllochaetopterus and Protis; there were no living animals. Stations 3410-55, 3412-55, 2963-54 and 2964-54 contained no living animals; the screenings resembled those from Sta. 3411-55. APPENDIX IV ANALYSES OF SAMPLES FROM OFFSHORE BASINS SANTA CATALINA BASIN: Analyses of 10 samples, listed by depth in meters; all samples contained living animals. liom - Sta. Depth ae eee dividuals ” ml to Species 3026 1016 0.5 13/10 2846 1120 0.5 41/22 2850 1135 l 5.9 147/42 4742 1195 4.4 47/14 2169 1251 1.4 19/15 2130 1260 6.9 39/25 2849 1282 2.8 49/24 3025 1298 Ics 19/14 2848 1305 0.9 33/18 5104 1330 . ii 22/14 Sta. 3026-55: Screenings consisted of many foraminiferans and some metazoans, the ophiuroids most conspicuous. Mollusks—2 small clams and dead valves of pecten Echinoderms Ophiura leptoctenia—2 moderately large Sipunculid perhaps Golfingia eremita californica—1 44 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Polychaetes Ammotry pane aulogaster—1 Caulleriella gracilis—1 Chaetozone corona—2 posterior fragments Goniada brunnea—1 Leiochrides, unknown sp.—1 Lumbrineris inflata—1 Tharyx, unknown sp.—1 Sta. 2846-54: Screenings consisted of much siliceous sponge, large tests of forami- niferans, dead shells of Lacqueus, and living metazoans; the largest individual was O phiacantha diplasia. Mollusks Cadulus tolmiei-—3 chaetoderm—2 Echinoderms Ophiacantha diplasia—| larger Ophiura leptoctenia—5 smaller Crustaceans isopod, arcturid—1 amphipods Harpinia sp. K—1 Leptophoxus sp. A—1 cumacean large Eudorella sp.—1 Sipunculid ?Golfingia sp.—4t Nematode—1 Polychaetes ampharetids—2 small juveniles Aricidea nr suecica—1 Aricidea uschakovi—2 Asychis lacera—2 Cossura candida—1 Glycera capitata branchiopoda—2 hesionid, unknown—1 tiny white Ninoe gemmea—2 Ophelia sp.—1 small Paraonis gracilis oculata—2 No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 49 Serpula sp.—1 small Sternaspis ?fossor—4 small Sta. 2850-54: Screenings consisted of many foraminiferan shells, dead shells of Lacqueus vancouverensis, a large dead gastropod (Turcicula bairdt) and living animals. Mollusks Cadulus tolmiei—2 small Cadulus fusiformis—1 small Haminoea sp.—1 tiny Limopsis diegensis—2 Nucula carlottensis—2 Nuculana minuta—2 dead shell of T'urcicula bairdi—1 Echinoderms Amphiura seminuda—5 Ophiacantha normani—14 Ophiura leptoctenia—13 Crustaceans amphipods Ampelisca catalinensis—1 Harpinia sp. H.—2 Harpinia sp. K—2 Harpinia sp. M—1 Heterophoxus oculatus—2 Paraphoxus sp. A—2 stenothoid—1 unknown genus—3 isopods, gnathiid—1 apseudid—1 large Enteropneust—2 small anterior ends; ‘acorn measures 0.85 mm across Sipunculid Golfingia sp.—5, longest measures 27 mm Bryozoan, ?buskiid—10 in linear series on maldanid tube Polychaetes A mphicteis mucronata—1| larger and 1 smaller Aricidea uschakovi—7 larger and smaller Asychis lacera—| large, with tube nr Barantolla sp.—6 46 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS capitellid, unknown genus—1 Cossura candida—2 Driloneris sp.—1 larger and 1 smaller Glycera capitata branchiopoda—4 Goniada brunnea—1 Leaena, unknown sp.—1 ovigerous, with tube Lysippe annectens—3 ovigerous and 5 juveniles Maldane sarsi var —4 Myriochele ?gracilis—1 Ninoe gemmea—8 Pherusa sp.—1 Potamethus mucronatus—2 and numerous tubes Praxillella, unknown sp.—6 and many tubes Sternaspis ?fossor—7 juveniles Terebellides sp.—1 T haryx, unknown sp.—12 Sta. 4742-56: Screenings of less than a tenth of a liter contained many subspherical foraminiferan and radiolarian shells, some long slender white coral bases and a few clumps of siliceous sponge; also dead Lacqueus vancouverensis, a dead gastropod, Turcicula bairdi, fragments of Delectopecten. The largest animals were 2 ophiuroids with disks measuring 15 mm across. Mollusks chaetoderm—7, some with brick red ova in an anterior inflated region. Echinoderms O phiacantha normani—a larger and a tiny one Sipunculid ?Golfingia eremita californica—5 Polychaetes Amphicteis sp.—1 juvenile Anaitides sp.—1 in empty tube of onuphid ?Brada, unknown sp., in dead Cadulus shell Chaetozone corona—2 Lumbrineris, nr. tetraura—1 Lysippe annectens—1 Ninoe gemmea—3 Praxillella, unknown sp.—4+ VOL. 22 No. l HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 47 Rhodine bitorquata—ovigerous segments and parts of a tube Spiophanes, unknown sp.—1 T haryx, unknown sp.—17, some with ova and long setae Sta. 2169-52: Screenings consisted of less than a tenth of a liter with dead siliceous sponge, many foraminiferan and a few radiolarian shells, 3 dead valves of Lacqueus vancouverensis and some living metazoans, the largest Asychis lacera. Echinoderm holothurian, white—1 Crustaceans tanaid—1 isopod—3 amphipod, family unknown—2 Polychaetes ampharetids—fragments Asychis lacera—1 large nr Barantolla sp.—1 Chaetozone corona—posterior fragments Glycera capitata branchiopoda—1 Goniada—fragment Loandalia fauveli—1| Magelona ?pacifica—1 Ninoe ?gemmea—2 with very long prostomium Tharyx sp.—posterior fragments Sta. 2130-52: Screenings contained many foraminiferan shells, 2 dead shells of Lacqueus vancouverensis, trace of siliceous sponge and living meta- zoans, the most conspicuous a maldanid, Asychis. Mollusks chaetoderm—1 ; chiton—4 Echinoderms Florometra perplexa—1 cirrus Ophiopholis bakeri—1 Crustacean, amphipod Heterophoxus oculatus—1 Sipunculid ?Golfingia sp.—4 48 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Nemertean—1 Polychaetes Ampharete sp.—1 Anaitides sp—4 small Asychis lacera—1 large, tube measures 180 mm long nr Barantolla sp.—1 Chloeia pinnata—3 juveniles Chone sp.—1 tiny Cossura candida—\ tiny Lumbrineris californiensis—1 small Myriochele sp.—1 in tube adorned with siliceous sponge spicules Nothria iridescens—3 very small Phyllochaetopterus ?prolifica—\ in tube Phyllochaetopterus, unknown sp.—1 Sternaspis fossor—2 minute Sthenelanella uniformis—small fragments Syllis sp.—1 small, with greatly prolonged palpi terebellid, unknown genus and sp.—1 Tharyx sp.—1 V ermiliopsis, unknown sp.—1 Sta. 2849-54: Screenings contained considerable siliceous sponge, some forami- niferans, dead shells of Lacqueus vancouverensis, some dead pecten shells, and living metazoans, the most conspicuous, Asychis lacera. Mollusks—a few small pelecypod shells Echinoderms Ophiacantha normani—1 Ophiura leptoctenia—1 Crustaceans, amphipod Ampelisca catalinensis—1 large Heterophoxus sp. B—1 unknown family—1 Polychaetes Ampharete sp.—8 small Asychis lacera—| large, with tube Aricidea nr suecica—1 nr Barantolla sp.—2 Chaetozone sp.—fragment Cossura candida—1\ No. l HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 49 disomid fragment Lumbrineris sp.—posterior end Myriochele sp.—2 Ninoe gemmea—4+ Nothria ?iridescens—1 Paraonis gracilis oculata—6 Pista disjuncta, in thick-walled mud tubes—2 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—large empty tube Potamethus mucronatus—1 with tube Praxillella, unknown sp.—1 Sternaspis fossor—3 small Tharyx sp.—1 Sta. 3025-55: Screenings consisted of less than a fourth of a liter of foraminiferan shells, trace of siliceous sponge, translucent brachiopod shells, a piece of dead caryophyllid coral, a dead vermetid tube and pecten shell. The largest metazoan was a holothurian. Mollusk small pelecypod—1 Echinoderms Amphipholis pugetana—\ Chiridota, probably albatrossi—1 large, long, red in life Ophiothrix spiculata—1 and arm fragments Sipunculid ?Golfingia—1 Polychaetes Ampharete sp., with very long branchiae—3 juveniles nr Barantolla sp.—1 Cossura candida—1 Maldane ?cristata—2 Ninoe gemmea—1 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—2 Pilargis, unknown sp.—1 Praxillura maculata—1 Tharyx sp.—2 Sta. 2848-54: Screenings consisted of less than an eighth of a liter and contained considerable siliceous sponge, some radiolarian and foraminiferan shells, six sets of translucent shells of dead Lacqueus, and living metazoans, the most conspicuous Gol/fingia. 50 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Mollusk tiny pelecypod—1 Echinoderms Ophiacantha normani—1 Ophiura leptoctenia—2 Crustacean cumacean, small white—1 Enteropneust—1 tiny, with flattened spherical acorn Sipunculid ?Golfingia sp.—4 Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi—1 Euchone sp.—1 hesionid, unknown sp.—1 Myriochele sp.—1, in tube Ninoe gemmea—1| Notomastus, unknown sp.—2 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—tubes Praxillella, unknown sp.—3, and many tubes Praxillura maculata—2, with thick-walled tubes Prionospio sp., anoculate—1 Serpula sp.—1 tiny Tharyx sp.—6 Sta. 5104-57: Screenings consisted of 70 ml of biological materials, including dead Lacqueus, reticulated sponge fragments, foraminiferan shells, caryo- philid coral stems, 2 dead mollusk shells and living metazoans, the most conspicuous sipunculids. Mollusks chaetoderm—2 dark, perhaps mature Cadulus tolmiei—dead shell T hyasira—small dead shell Echinoderms Amphiodia (Amphispina) urtica—3 Ophiacantha diplasia—3 juveniles Sipunculid ?Golfingia sp.—4, ovigerous, measure 25 mm long, with everted introvert No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 51 Polychaetes ampharetid—2 smaller, ovigerous capitellid, unknown—1 Goniada sp.—fragments Ninoe gemmea—1 Pista disjuncta—1 and fragments of others Phyllochaetopterus sp.—1 living and small bits of tubes Praxillella, unknown sp.—1 Rhodine bitorquata—fragments Sternaspis fossor—1 tiny Tharyx sp.—1 SANTA CRUZ BASIN: Analyses of 3 samples, listed by depth in meters; all contained living animals. Biomass Bio-index Sta. Depth per sample Individuals m 5 ml to Species 3029 1514 0.1 8/6 3028 1788 0.4 13/11 3027 1918 4.5 21/14 Sta. 3029-55: Screenings contained little material, some foraminiferan shells and few living animals. Mollusk clam, small white—1 Echinoderm Ophiura leptoctenia—2 Crustacean, amphipod Harpinia sp. B—1 Polychaetes Ninoe gemmea—1 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—1 Terebellides stroemi—2 Sta. 3028-55: Screenings consisted of a small amount of biological materials, with some foraminiferan shells, trace of sponge, fragments of dead Delecto- pecten, and a few living animals. Mollusks clam, small white—2 52 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Crustaceans amphipods Harpinia sp. K—1 Heterophoxus oculatus—1 tanaid Leptognathia sp.—1 Polychaetes Ampharete sp.—1 Aricidea uschakovi—1 Cossura candida—2 Euphrosine sp.—1, ovigerous Laonice sacculata—1 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—1 or more and tubes Rhodine bitorquata—fragments Sta. 3027-55: Screenings contained foraminiferan shells, some siliceous sponge, an unbroken fish otolith, a deep red anemone, the largest living animal. Mollusks clam, small white—1 T hyasira sp.—2 tiny dead Crustaceans, amphipod Heterophoxus oculatus—1 large male 9 mm long and 2 females Coelenterate sagartid anemone, deep red in life—1 Polychaetes Amage, unknown sp.—1 ?Euclymene sp.—3 Eumida sp.—1, in tube of maldanid Chaetozone sp., anoculate—2 Haploscoloplos ?elongatus—1 Maldane sarsi var.—1 Myriochele sp., petaloproct—1 Ninoe gemmea var.—2 Phyllochaetopterus sp.—many tubes with 3 individuals Pista disjuncta—1 SAN NICOLAS BASIN: Analysis of a sample. Sta. 5116-57: Screenings consisted of a very small volume of debris, with no visible animals; on clearing, traces of only a few animals were found, with bits of siliceous sponge, a minute ophiuroid, a tiny aegid isopod No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 53 (Rocinela sp.) and a small paraonid polychaete. The volume was negligible. The photographs (Plate 2) indicate that life on the bottom includes a crinoid, sea-whips, surface urchins, and burrowing forms. Addition- al sampling should reveal more abundant life. TANNER BASIN: Analysis of a sample. Sta. 5120-57: Screenings contained many subspherical foraminiferans and some radiolarian tests, also a fish otolith, trace of siliceous sponge and some metazoans, the largest 2 individuals of Nothria. Mollusks Cyclopecten—3 dead valves and fragments of valve of Delectopecten Echinoderm ophiuroid—1 small Nemertean, small white—1 Polychaetes Aricidea (Cirrophorus) aciculata—1 mature male Exogone lourei—1 Nothria iridescens—2 large, in thick mud-covered tubes Prionospio sp.—posterior fragment Terebellides sp—I1 ovigerous adult, in mud tube The photograph (Plate 1, fig. 2) indicates the presence of Florometra and burrowing animals. Volume of animals 4.9 ml, largely Nothria. Bio-index 8/7. WEST CORTES BASIN: Analysis of a sample. Sta. 4675-56: Screenings consisted of a small lot of solids with trace of siliceous sponge, many subspherical foraminiferans, a dead shell of Dentalium, and some metazoans, the largest and onuphid annelid. Sipunculid A ?Golfingia sp.—1 larger and 1 small Polychaetes Onuphis vexillaria—1 large and parts of another Sternaspis fossor—1 very tiny Volume of animals 0.8 ml (largely Onuphis). Bio-index 5/3. SAN CLEMENTE BASIN: Analysis of a sample. Sta. 4669-56: Screenings consisted of about 4 drams of solids, with a few meta- zoans, many small black mud balls (fecal pellets), some large fo- raminiferans, and empty gastropod shells, especially Spiratella. 54 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Foraminiferan Cyclamina cancellata—many large living Mollusks, dead clams and a tall-spired, brown gastropod Echinoderms O phiothrix spiculata—arm fragments only ophiuroid—arm fragments Sipunculid—1, the largest individual in the sample Crustaceans, amphipod Har pinia sp. A var.—1 Phoxocephalus sp. A—1 family >—1 Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi—3 capitellid, unknown—1 Goniada sp.—fragments Rhodine bitorquata—fragments ?Tharyx sp.—1 very small Volume of animals 0.4 ml. Bio-index 10/8. VOL. 22 No. 1 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 55 APPENDIX V NAMES OF 24 ANIMAL SPECIES TAKEN IN THE BASINS BY THE ALBATROSS C = Santa Catalina Basin; Cr — Santa Cruz Basin; N = San Nicolas Basin ; Cl = San Clemente Basin (e Cr N Cl ASCIDIANS: See Ritter 1907. Ascidia clementea Ritter x Ciona mollis Ritter Halomolgula ovoidia Ritter CRUSTACEAN: See Holmes 1908 Stilipes distincta Holmes x SIPUNCULID :See Fisher 1952. Golfingia laetmophila Fisher x POLYCHAETES: See Moore 1910, 1911, 1923. Amage scutata Moore x Amphicteis scaphobranchiata Moore Amphitrite robusta Johnson x: Ehlersia heterochaeta Moore Eumida tubiformis Moore Evarnella fragilis (Moore) x Hyalinoecia tubicola stricta Moore x Lagisca lamellifera (Marenzeller) x: x Lagisca multisetosa Moore Lepidonotus caelorus Moore x Lumbrineris index Moore x Lysippe annectens Moore x Maldane carinata Moore (may be M. cristata Treadwell) Melinna heterodonta Moore Nereis procera Ehlers Nicomache carinata Moore Nothria pallida Moore Nothria hiatidentata Moore x Pista disjuncta Moore x Ee ica ial (ca ia al 56 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 REFERENCES FisHErR, W. K. 1952. The sipunculid worms of California and Baja California. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 102: 371-450, fig. 87, pls. 18-39. HouMEs, S. J. 1908. The Amphipoda collected by the ... “Albatross” off the west coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with descriptions of a new family and several new genera and species. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 35: 489- 543, 46 figs. Moore, J. P. 1909-1923. The polychaetous annelids Uredged by the U. S. S. “Albatross” off the coast of southern California in 1904. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 61 (1909): 321-351, pls. 15, 16; vol. 62 (1910): 328-402, pls. 28-33; vol. 63 (1911): 234-318, pls. 15-21; vol. 75 (1923): 179- 259, pls. 27, 28. Ritter, W. E. 1907. The ascidians collected by the . . . Albatross on the coast of California during the summer of 1904. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 4: 1-52, 3 pls. APPENDIX VI LIST OF 217 LIVING AND 11 DEAD SPECIES TAKEN BY THE VELERO IV FROM THE BASINS B = Santa Barbara Basin, P = San Pedro Basin, M = Santa Monica Basin, C = Santa Catalina Basin, Cr = Santa Cruz Basin, N = San Nicolas Basin, T — Tanner Basin, WC = West Cortes Basin, Cl = San Clemente Basin; x = alive, d = dead. 57 BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS HARTMAN, BARNARD No. l xX (zissedy “\W) 1puasuano] 4ajspsiig X ojoyd (uosyoef) s7jzdp4f snjo1juar0] pé See CAG | xX xX xX x proiniydo x x YARD “TH v2uaj20j 42] vaniyg{oQ x x xX aug a] vyvjnoids x14yj014¢CQ a: YILLD “TH vurdsisuoz sijoydory do % uopur[DoN 14ayxnq StjoygorydO x UOpUur|DIAL Szswza7pjol unisnuoiygd oO x YIVID “TH Sajaudsoa snpoudzo1y¢Q x é‘ds vyjuvov14¢Q x : ueWAT tupWusou vYJuvIvIYEO x uasudIOJ] ®W UIyIN] szwsof1jiuow vYyJUvIvIYg EC 2s * 41B1D “TH isvpdip vysuvoviydO x UIsUd}IOJAY AW UIyIN] vjvjso2 vyjuvrvi4dQ x x UIsua}IOJA, Y UayIN'] vpnuimas vaniy du py x WILLD “TH vinistaov vamiydu po (aferyD ayaa) vivmnnbs syoydry dup (uewX]) vuvjasind sijoydiydup 2s uas|aIN wpusIp (vuidsiydup) viporydup 2s & (uewhT) voi4n (vurdsiydup) viporygup a va * sproinrydoO :SWUACONIHOA Ie Oak AL 2 ND) OL Nd Ge VOL. 22 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 58 P P ‘ds paisvdy T x ‘ds putjja J, xX (snioiqey) vinuim punjnony xX (12d) stsuajjoj4v2 vuvjnon_ xX [Jews ‘Wied ayI|-vWoID Wy H®d vaprouojda] puosvpy x x (aAcay) vinjnuuD DULONIINT Be) X [l@d sisuasaip sisdowrT P P P P P ‘ds uajoagoj2ajaq ‘ds uajoagdoja£ AS) tal ta X Jojuadieg vuvydvipqns xvfumosduoy P ‘ds puipy/) xX yong siswaopuopas vjipsv’/) spodAda]ag *SMSN TION x Ivjsvag X xX xX sojoyd (41RD HW) vxajdsad vajauos0py proun) x ue lLinyzoj;oy X (eyuslag) sunoigjp vidvutsojgaT x spieMpy issosjpqjp ‘qoid ‘vjopisiy/) SUBLINYIO[OFY X (zissesy ‘y) voifiavd sisdossiug JOR OMe oN. 200. O- IN odo of 59 BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS HARTMAN, BARNARD No. 1 x uosduinyg piyasngd vosiyadu py spodiydwy -SNVAOV.LSOUO P OND DU1]0aD/)J—Ss|[aYs podoiayg ne) X xX X X ‘ds pusapojavy y—v.ioydoor|dy x uojryo—e 10ydooe|dAjog P : A1gs|td 9 divyg wnuosvxayosu 1711)D] U9 X X ‘ds snjnpvy) OS IES AES) dieyg y Arqs[ig siusofisn{ snjnpvy ‘ spodoydeosg E ed tpéiyq vjnrivany P P ed voy1ond “jo vjjajvsds x x x (Wd) visapomsad vijjapiiN x ‘ds paoulmv yy ra mao) ae) x x podonjses x [[&C asuauypjvs "Jo wniuond 7 x I1@q 40j091q vssiydup x ‘ds vlvjs py spodo.sey P 36 x axe Av]o YIM pajsnsoua awios ‘[]eWIs “Wed a [[e@Q vuvrixau vévydojty P [[@Q vImMms0f1]p2 DiADpULT, ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 60 ‘ds pisouurT X ‘ds puyrvivajy a a Be SR a a1 xX podrydwe x xX Ajtuey uMouyun x snuas uMouyUN a ae ee ee eae xX proyjouajs x ‘ds pjjipooaysa yy xX Vv ‘ds snjpydar0xoy gq a vy ‘ds snxoydvivg v ‘ds saxoydojdaT q ‘ds snxoydosajayy ta ra ta ta a (SaWo}]) snypjnr0 snxoydo.saja py W ‘ds viuidsvyy y ds viuidavyy ‘HO ds viuidivyy ta a ta ras X X q ‘ds viuidunyy X ava ‘y ‘ds viuidin yy x ‘ds vjjasdvy xX ‘ds uMouyun s7jqdgq bi ‘ds umouyun vosijadu py xX pieuieg sisuauijpjv2 vosiyadu py xX B1ogaliry vjypydarosovu vosyjadu py WES OMe ee NG 30> 20> SW -d a 61 BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS HARTMAN, BARNARD No. l x aOoy] ViviyIUuDAgoYyddIS stajjiy dup me IOOJ, VjpUOsJINUM siajj1y du p X xX spyoivydue x Xx ‘ds ajaspydm py x UIISW]VIA, VI1JI4D ajasvy du x ayywY 4ajsvsojny auvdA sou p x ‘ds umouyun ‘asp py X xX : ‘IeA (uosuyo[) sdoun asp Pp ‘SULAVHOATOd xX unqyjyey vujoyjygo1u0s vsspuvijjpj—duwit1ys x uoxey vssaidap sisdoplunfy—qeiy >< xd ‘ SPOOR 1}SO xX xX a}TYM |] BUS xX adie] “ds vpjasopng suvaoRewNny axe preur} x prpnasde ye ‘ds DIY JDUSO1d aT x ‘ds v1jayr0jdaT suvaoepreur [, X xX podosr * pryeus x prinjoie X ‘ds vjau1z0y ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 62 ta a1OOPT DPNU SldsIUOIIAT, K IOO|, VIVI[V{ StasaUopIAg x ‘ds vajj1m4s0q 2 * quawisesy ‘prwostp * a va URWUI}IBE] DpIpuvs vANSsso/) ‘ds auoys) cal ta ta a100J VJvuuId v1I0/4/) ta ta ajyepnooue “ds auozojapy) m ta Aapaysog 3» Aasjaylog vu0410) auozojavy) ta (aloo) $2729048 D]I]I149]]ND|) * a a ‘ds umouyun ‘pryjayideo ta ueWIe LT vpijvs vy1jv/) ‘ds umouyun ‘vppig: * m ta ‘ds umouyun ‘y7/0JuvIvg 1U aK X (e100) v4a2v] SIY Insp xX URWIVIVET DyvjNI1IIv (snsoydoss1)) DapIIIAp x xX x xX x BAOYUIUUY 1B0¥DY ISN VIpIII4AP tal a uosel[y VI1JANS IU VapiII4Ap x: ‘ds souljup X ‘ds sajjdsosjsioup x x [[aMpeal TL, DIvjNIvIUa] S1]]ksO4jS1IU x ‘ds sapijiwup xe xe ‘ds s1ajaiydu py 63 BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS HARTMAN, BARNARD No. 1 *pajsiaQ vjvj1¢v2 “H Jo saroadsqns & 0} passojar ATMau aay SI a1o00py vpogo1yruvsq D419] Hy x UBWHIB FY SISUIZNAD “FO SIAIULTAQULNT x UBWIL]Y S7SWIIUAO{1]VI SIMIULIQUN'T ~ Aajayjag 2 Aajaysjog 1jaanv{ vijppuvoT * ta ‘ds uMouyun ‘sap14y201aT a ‘ds uMouyun ‘yuavaT xX ‘ds uMouyun ‘927007 xX (9100J) VID]NIIVS a21UODT Xx ‘ds v2s1svT X x ‘ds pue ‘uad uMouyun ‘pruorsay xX (uosuyof) sazpsuoja sojdojorsojdvyy x X quswiseiy ‘vpviu0y x [[2@Mpeal], vauunsg vpviu0y xX ‘ds psa D x s1ajyq vypydartxo vsah]H x x x x2100JI Vpodo1ysuvig viojidv2 vsaIh]H) xX ‘ds auosox] x Aajayiog pue Aajayleg 19410] auosoxg] ta ‘ds auisosy dng cas ‘ds ppiung x ‘ds auamajonge x IO0Y] VivauIjap auamAd Ing * ‘ds auoyong x ‘ds stasauojisq VOL. 22 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 64 Xs URUILL] VIVIYIUDIGUINU sIuovIDg X X XK UBWIL]E{ VjV]NIO $1j1IVAZ SIUODADY xX ‘ds vyjaydo x JOO] VIAD]]IXI® S1YdnUC xX prydnuo x Ss ‘ds uMouyun ‘s2jspuloj0 NN xX ][JPaMPB2l LT, S77VULB1]S 114410 x x (uosuyof{) suaIsapi4él D144 10 NT x ‘IBA JIOOJA, VIWLWIT JOUIN xX xX JOO VIWWas JOULN X xX ‘ds ajayso1sd yoidoyejad ‘ajay 014d ax x URW S1j1IvIT 2 ajayroisd PY xX E761 A100J Nsuas ‘vIYf19vd vDuUu1ja PW x pruepjeu b4 x: x x UdISW RIA, 4vs aunplv I x (Q100JI VIVULIDI *PY—=) ||aMPRIAIL, VIVISI4I¢ auBpiDY x o1u0y, vIYf1Ivd : DUO]aBD x I1OOJT Suajaauuv ad dis kT ms ra ‘ds s1sauliqunT ta (epleUIydg) véNYsJa] AU S149ULAQULNT Xx IIOOJ] VID{f U1 S14IULAQUNT xX dIOOJ] XIPUL SIAIUIAQUNT 65 BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS HARTMAN, BARNARD No. 1 > dpaiede[D wnusvjsor snavsdajaT * ‘ds s7yjag x ‘ds pu0sojgaagé x aOOJA] StU40f1uN DjJaUD]aUaYIS x X uosdwiyg “ossof sidspusayg a a ‘ds umouyun ‘saunydoidg tal Les ‘ds pinduag X (a9 [NJ,) 4as1usv s0,40j099 x ‘ds snmo0jsiy9g ‘ds pisaiquvIg Xx x Xx ‘ds umouyun ‘prjaqes afooj, VivNb40J1q auipoyy x I1O0Y, VIY1IV_ S1]04q x ‘ds o1fsouoisg xX x IIOOJ] VIDINIDUL DAN] [IXDAT ‘ds uMouyun ‘y77a]]1xD4Lg (A100J.) S2JDUOsINUL SNYJaULYIOT x ‘ds vioptjog ta * a a IOO|. VJIUNLSIP DISI_ ‘ds uMouyun ‘913.40]1g al as x ‘ds umouyun ‘s2sajdojavyI0]/4y4q x s0g vaif1jo1d snsazg¢ojavyr0j]4yq x ‘ds psnsay X pruoevied ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 66 x ayIYM [Bus ‘YoIaT x x ysnoudosajua ta ‘ds snuvjpq0asa1§—snaudo19}uq X ‘ds vutassvjvy JT é —proiniyoy mn JUOWIUP xX aUOWIIUL 9}IYM []eUIS x x (ojoyd) diym-vas a X piyieses xX pryjueria. P say][eV109 prjpAydoAreo $9}B19}UI[IOD) x Apia] sij19pss viyuvgs6acnnw0g a Auojoo Suryouvsq x preysngé suvozoAlg P UOSPIAL(] SsuasaanoIUve snanbrv J—podoryorig *STIVWINV YAHLO X ‘ds umouyun ‘szsdorjimsa 4 x SIBLJaIJENGD snsojas sngajay T, x xX xX ‘ds uMouyun ‘vduvy 7 as sjusuIseIy ‘pr[jaqasa} X ‘ds pue ‘uas uMouyunN ‘prjaqaiay 1 Se Eee eee eee ee SS x ee cewek ok SIVG 1904S Sap1]]Igasa J lO MeL eN 30: SD aI dd 67 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 1 NO. x . "ds sishuoyjuvs p eS ee ee ed ee ee ee eee ‘SAMNLdVO OIOVIAdAHLVE asuods prjtiaqns x asuods ai1yM |]ewWs x xX xX asuods snoaoryIs —— a ee B1IJIIOg a a ra a eo ee x DIU) FF Burjquiasai ‘uvr1039ns xX Apeig vjpjjaIuv2 vuiuiyjI4/) Pury O1souseIp Jo suvo0zo}01g Se ae ea aa ee ee 2 Ie eee Se ee ee a ee ee a ie A ee ae ae 1 ae ee ee ES eg SER LLG ee a yn Se Se ne ae a eS oa ACO —— ee xX x Sapoj}e Wa yO LP Ti h7 rat +a Ma Pol An HANCOCK PACIFIC: EXPEDITIONS VOLUME 22 NUMBER 2 THe BEN TAIC FAUNA OF THE DEEP BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PART II (PLATES 1-19, MAP) BY OLGA HARTMAN AND J. LAURENS BARNARD UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1960 MULAN TAN COCK PACIFIC EXPE DIT TONS VOLUME 22 NUMBER 2 ah bE NaC PAUNA OF THE DEP BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PARY I (PLATES 1-19, MAP) BY OLGA HARTMAN AND J. LAURENS BARNARD UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1960 ‘ ‘ nee) ik i a To i 6 i cheat ie m ia ig * BA xpi { tl i. ay 1 j i] : ca } \ t Hs ! il * Pit BENTHIC FAUNA OF THE DEEP BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CAIAFORNIA PART II (Plates 1-19, Map) By OLGA HARTMAN and J. LAURENS BARNARD THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ALLAN HANcOocK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2 IsSUED JUNE 28, 1960 Price $4.50 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA CONT EN ES Systematic Account of Some Marine Invertebrate Animals from the Deep Basins of Southern California, by Olga Hartman Systematic List of Species Coelenterata Echiuroidea . Polychaeta . Literature cited Plates The Benthic Fauna of the Deep Basins off Southern California: Continued Studies in the Seaward and eis Basins, oe les Hartman and J. Laurens Barnard ‘ Literature cited Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Index > “a " Pa Wael ae > ite rey Fs" art nd . et piveiew “ils a NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF SOME MARINE INVERTE- BRATE ANIMALS FROM THE DEEP BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA By OLGA HARTMAN INTRODUCTION All specimens, including holotypes, are deposited in the Allan Hancock Foundation. Ecological data and records of associated organisms are given in a subsequent part of this volume. Reference to bibliographic citations may be found at the end of this account, and in Hartman, 1959. The collections were largely taken with a grabbing device called the Campbell grab (Hartman, 1955a). This is not effective in rocky habi- tats; animals characteristic of such bottoms are better recovered with a dredge or trawl, such as were employed during the operations of the USS ALBATROSS (reported by Moore, 1910 to 1923). Consequently some of the deep water species named from basin depths of southern California have not been taken during current operations. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to the Administration of the Allan Hancock Founda- tion for permission to study these interesting collections, for the use of physical facilities, and for support. The operations of the VELERO IV were partly financed by a grant from the National Science Foundation. Most of the field collecting and sorting of animals to groups was done under the direction of Dr. J. Laurens Barnard. Professor K. O. Emery and his students recovered some of the samples from the basins. Mr. Anker Petersen prepared all the plates of illustrations. I wish to express my gratitude to Captain Allan Hancock, who has continued to support the marine researches of the Allan Hancock Foundation. 69 70 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES COELENTERATA Distichoptilum verrillii Studer Stephanoscyphus simplex Kirkpatrick ECHIUROIDEA Prometor poculum, new species POLYCHAETA Family APHRODITIDAE Laetmonice sp. Family POLY NOIDAE Antinoella sp. Evarnella fragilis (Moore) Lagisca lamellifera Marenzeller Lagisca multisetosa Moore Lagisca pedroensis, new species Lepidonotus caelorus Moore Family SIGALIONIDAE Leanira alba Moore Leanira calcis, new species Sthenelanella uniformis Moore Family AMPHINOMIDAE Chloeia pinnata Moore Pseudeurythoé cf. ambigua Monro Family FUPHROSINIDAE Euphrosine paucibranchiata, new species Family PHYLLODOCIDAE Anaitides sp. ?Eteone sp. Eumida tubiformis (Moore) Eumida spp. Family LACYDONIIDAE Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel Family HESIONIDAE genus and species undetermined VOL. 22 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS Family PILARGIDAE Ancistrosyllis ?tentaculata Treadwell Loandalia fauveli Berkeley and Berkeley Pilargis hamatus, new species Family SY LLIDAE Exogone lourei Berkeley and Berkeley Exogone sp. Langerhansia heterochaeta (Moore) Syllis sp. Family NEREIDAE Ceratocephala loveni pacifica, new subspecies Eunereis caeca, new species Nereis anoculis, new species Nereis procera Ehlers Nereis sp. Family NEPHTYIDAE A glaophamus sp. Family SPHAERODORIDAE Sphaerodorum sp. Family GLYCERIDAE Glycera capitata Oersted Glycera capitata branchiopoda Moore Glycera oxycephala Ehlers Glycera spp. Family GONIADIDAE Goniada nr. brunnea Treadwell Family ONUPHIDAE Hyalinoecia tubicola stricta Moore Nothria hiatidentata Moore Nothria iridescens ( Johnson) Nothria pallida Moore Nothria stigmatis Treadwell Onuphis eremita Audouin and Milne Edwards Onuphis vexillaria Moore Onuphis sp. 71 iz ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Family LUMBRINERIDAE Lumbrineris californiensis Hartman Lumbrineris cruzensis Hartman Lumbrineris index Moore Lumbrineris inflata Moore Lumbrineris ?latreilli Audouin and Milne Edwards Lumbrineris limicola Hartman Lumbrineris longensis, new species Lumbrineris moorei Hartman Lumbrineris cf. tetraura (Schmarda) Lumbrineris spp. Ninoé gemmea Moore, var. Family ARABELLIDAE Drilonereis falcata Moore Drilonereis nuda Moore Drilonereis spp. Family DORVILLEIDAE Dorvillea articulata (Hartman) Family ORBINIIDAE Califia calida Hartman Haploscoloplos elongatus ( Johnson) Naineris uncinata Hartman Phylo nudus (Moore) Scoloplos acmeceps profundus, new subspecies Family PARAONIDAE A ricidea (Aedicira) ramosa Annenkova Aricidea lopezi Berkeley and Berkeley A ricidea nr. suecica Eliason A ricidea uschakovi Zachs Aricidea (Cirrophorus) aciculata Hartman Aricidea (Cirrophorus) furcata Hartman A ricidea spp. Paraonis gracilis (Tauber) Paraonis gracilis oculata Hartman Paraonis multibranchiata Hartman Family SPIONIDAE Laonice sacculata (Moore) VOL. 22 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS Prionospio pinnata Ehlers Prionospio nt. cirrifera Wiréen Prionospio spp. Polydora sp. Spiophanes anoculata, new species Spiophanes fimbriata (Moore) Spiophanes pallidus, new species Spiophanes spp. Family MAGELONIDAE Magelona pacifica Monro Magelona sp. Family CHAETOPTERIDAE Phyllochaetopterus limicolus, new species Phyllochaetopterus prolifica Potts Telepsavus costarum Claparéde Family CIRRATULIDAE Caulleriella gracilis (Moore) Chaetozone ?corona Berkeley and Berkeley Chaetozone spinosa Moore Cossura candida Hartman Cossura sp. Tharyx monilaris, new species Tharyx tesselata, new species Tharyx spp. Family FLABELLIGERIDAE Brada glabra, new species TIlyphagus ilyvestis, new species Pherusa sp. Family SCALIBREGMIDAE Scalibregma inflatum Rathke Family OPHELIIDAE Ammotrypane pallida, new species O phelia sp. Polyophthalmus translucens, new species Family STERNASPIDAE Sternaspis fossor Stimpson 73 74 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Family CAPITELLIDAE Leiochrides hemipodus, new species Mediomastus glabrus, new species Neoheteromastus lineus, new genus and species Notomastus magnus Hartman Notomastus precocis, new species Notomastus spp. capitellid, unknown genus and species Family MALDANIDAE Asychis lacera Moore Asychis spp. Clymenopsis cingulata Ehlers Euclymene delineata Moore Lumbriclymene lineus, new species Lumbriclymene sp. Maldane cristata Vreadwell Maldane ?glebifex Grube Maldane sarsi Malmgren Nicomache lumbricalis ( Fabricius) Praxillella gracilis (Sars) Praxillella trifila, new species Praxillella sp. Praxillura maculata Moore Rhodine bitorquata Moore Family OWENIIDAE Myriochele gracilis Hartman Myriochele pygidialis, new species Myriowenia californiensis, new genus and species Family AMPHARETIDAE A mage longibranchiata, new species Amage scutata Moore A mage sp. Ampharete arctica Malmgren ?A mpharete sp. A mphicteis mucronata Moore A mphicteis scaphobranchiata Moore Anobothrus gracilis (Malmgren) Lysippe annectens Moore VOL.22 No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS Melinna heterodonta Moore Melinnampharete eoa Annenkova Melinnexis moorei, new name Schistocomus hiltoni Chamberlin Family TEREBELLIDAE Artacama coniferi Moore Leaena caeca, new species Neoamphitrite robusta (Johnson) Pista disjuncta Moore Pista fasciata (Grube) Streblosoma crassibranchia Treadwell Thelepus setosus (Quatrefages) Family TRICHOBRANCHIDAE Terebellides stroemi Sars Family SABELLIDAE Chone spp. Myxicola infundibulum (Renier) Potamethus mucronatus (Moore) Family SERPULIDAE Protis pacifica Moore Vermiliopsis biformis, new species 75 76 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLe 22 COELENTERATA ALCYONARIA Genus DISTICHOPTILUM Verrill, 1882 Distichoptilum verrillii Studer, 1894 (Plate 1, fig. 2) Nutting, 1909, p. 713, pl. 87, fig. 10. Specimens of this pennatulid alcyonarian were recovered in 3 samples from San Clemente Basin, all in depths of more than 1000 fms. Identi- fication was made by Dr. Frederick M. Bayer of the United States National Museum, to whom we are indebted. The illustration was made by Mr. Anker Petersen, from a specimen taken at Sta. 6091. This species was first described off western Mexico in nearly 1000 fms, was reported off the West Indies in more than 1500 fms (Nutting, 1909, p. 713), and also from off San Diego, California, in 1000 fms. The present records are within the range of its known distribution and in comparable depths. Characteristic features include the slender form of the colony, measur- ing to 225 mm long. The long axis terminates in a translucent bulb at the base (Plate 1, fig. 2) ; a slight thickening of the stem is visible about half way along its length. The polyps are in nearly opposite to alternate series, but chiefly dorsal rather than ventral, along the axis. Fresh speci- mens are light flesh-colored ; the rachis is white and the basal bulb is pale yellow. These colors were noted by Dr. J. Laurens Barnard, who pre- pared the specimens aboard ship. SCYPHOZOA Genus STEPHANOSCYPHUS Allman, 1874 Stephanoscyphus simplex Kirkpatrick, 1890 (Plate 1, fig. 1) Kramp, 1959, pp. 174-182, text-figs. 1-9, plate 1, figs. 1-11. Many small, cornucopianlike, horny, brown, annulated tubes were taken in San Clemente and Velero Basins and San Diego trough, the shallowest in 710 fms in the trough and all others in over 1000 fms. They agree so closely with some described by Kramp (1959) from the collections of the Danish vessel GALATHEA that they are considered identical. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD! BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS ri The chitinous tubes measure 15 to 20-28 mm long, are straight or somewhat curved. Most retain the pedal disk and are distally frayed (Plate 1, fig. 1). The tubes range in color from light yellow (when thin) to dark brown. None of the tubes have been found to contain anything but mud and the tests of foraminifers. Stephanoscyphus simplex has a geographic range extending to all oceans, and a vertical range of more than 3000 fms. It is found in hadal and bathyal depth zones, occurring at temperatures of about 4°C. (Kramp, 1959). ECHIUROIDEA Two specimens, representing 2 species in different genera, have been taken in Long and San Nicolas Basins. The larger is an entire specimen and is referred to the genus Prometor Fisher (below). The smaller one is fragmented and has not been generically assigned ; it may be character- ized by having a very broad, laterally frilled proboscis. Genus PROMETOR Fisher, 1947 This is characterized as follows: The proboscis is long, ribbonlike, and has a specialized cup or funnel at its base. A pair of anterior neph- ridia opens to the exterior by a single median pore. The nephrostome is large, compressed, fan-shaped, and bilabiate, and leads to the exterior through a single pore. Two well developed setae are located at the anterior end; they are set close together. A pair of unbranched anal vesicles is located in front of the posterior anal aperture, each with many glandular tubules. The genus and species are known only through a female; the male may be a dwarf, as is characteristic of the family Bonellidae. Prometor poculum, new species (Plate 2, figs. 1-4) A single large specimen was taken in Long Basin (Sta. 6351). The body is shaped like a cucumber and measures 95 mm long without the proboscis, which is as long again (Plate 2, fig. 1). The proboscis is slender at the base and widens distally into a broad, triangular lobe. The cup-shaped base is pierced centrally by the oral opening. The epi- thelium of the anterior half of the body is glandular and papillated ; its posterior half is abruptly smoother and thinner. The anal pore, on the 78 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLAoe posteroventral side of the body, is surrounded by a ring of glandular, columnar ridges (Plate 2, fig. 3); these are presumed to be absent in Prometor benthophila. A pair of large, brassy-yellow spines emerge from the anterior ventral side of the body; a third spine, somewhat smaller, is present on the right side (Plate 2, fig. 2). These spines have a crooked end which broadens out distally into a spatula (Plate 2, fig. 4). A large median pore is immediately behind the setal bases ; posterior to this is the pair of anterior nephridia, which can be seen through the body wall and which, when dis- sected out, are seen as oval sacs containing small spherical ova (Plate 2, figi2)). Prometor poculum differs from P. benthophila in having a body that is oval, not pear-shaped. The setae are distally spatulate, not tapering. The paired nephridia are short oval, not long. The anal pore is surrounded by columnar gland cells. Tatjaniella Zenkevitch (1957, p. 292) may be a related genus, as this author has already noted. It was erected for two species originating in the northwest Pacific Ocean, between Kamchatka and Sakhalin, in great depths (4820 meters). They similarly have a cup-shaped organ at the base of the proboscis, but they differ in their details, as described by Professor L. A. Zenkevitch. POLYCHAETA Family APHRODITIDAE Genus LAETMONICE Kinberg, 1855 Laetmonice sp. A small specimen from Patton escarpment (see App. | of this paper for locality data) measures 9.5 mm long and 7.5 mm wide. It differs from L. pellucida Moore and L. producta wyvillei McIntosh, both re- corded from deep water off southern California (Moore, 1910, p. 386), in that the neuropodial setae have a lateral spur much larger than is typical of either species and the fringe beyond the spur is fine and short instead of long and coarse. Species of this genus are usually abyssal and cosmopolitan in occur- rence. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 79 Family POLY NOIDAE Genus LEPIDONOTUS Leach, 1816 Lepidonotus caelorus Moore, 1903 Moore, 1903, pp. 412-414, pl. 23, fig. 12. Moore, 1910, p. 333. This is typically a shallow water species, inhabiting rocky bottoms and seldom in depths greater than those of the shelf and slope. It is reported from San Nicolas Basin (Moore, 1910) to 338 fms and to 1400 fms. The species is nearly related to the cosmopolitan L. sguamata (Lin- naeus) ; its specific distinction is based on characteristics concerned with details of the elytral spines. Genus EVARNELLA Chamberlin, 1919 Evarnella fragilis (Moore) 1910 Harmothoé (Evarne) fragilis Moore, 1910, pp. 353-368, pl. 29, figs. 29, 30% pl. 30; figs. 31-33. This was originally (Moore, 1910) described off southern California in 150 to 600 fms, from rocky and rubbly bottoms; later from San Nicolas and Santa Cruz Basins (Moore, 1923, p. 256). It approaches the circumboreal Evarnella impar (Oersted) and differs from the latter in the details of elytra and setae. Genus ANTINOELLA Augener, 1928 Distinctions between species of Antinoella, with type A. sarsi (Kin- berg), and those of Antinoe Kinberg, with type 4. microps Kinberg, have not always been recognized. The species mentioned below are believed to belong to Antinoella Augener. Antinoella sp. Two small specimens, one from Santa Monica and the other from San Pedro Basin, measure less than 6 mm long. They have lost all elytra. The prostomium is subquadrate, widest in front, and has weakly devel- oped peaks at the antero-lateral margins. There are four small black eyespots, an anterior pair at the middle prostomial length, far to the side, and a posterior pair nearer together and at the hinder margin of the prostomium; all are equally small. Notopodial setae are coarsely 80 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 serrated, yellow, distally entire, and vary from short, slightly curved, to much longer and nearly straight. Neurosetae are much slenderer, distally entire and hirsute along the shaft. They differ from Antinoella macrolepida (Moore, 1906), with large eyes and no prostomial peaks, and from Antinoé anoculata Moore (1910), totally lacking eyes, which are known from great depths off the north Pacific Ocean south to Lower California, Mexico. Antinoella macrolepida is further recorded from Sakhalin, Japan (Uschakov, 1958a, pp. 78-79). Genus LAGISCA Malmgren, 1865 Lagisca lamellifera (Marenzeller) 1879 Polynoé (?Laenilla) lamellifera Marenzeller, 1879, p. 115. This species was recorded from San Nicolas and Santa Cruz Basins (Moore, 1923, p. 256). Its more extended range includes northern Japan (Marenzeller, 1879). Lagisca multisetosa Moore, 1902 Moore, 1902, pp. 267-269, pl. 14, figs. 29-36. This species was recorded from Santa Catalina Basin by Moore (1910, p. 341) in moderate depths to 350 fms. Its more extensive range extends from Alaska to western Mexico, in 1400 fms (Moore, 1910). Lagisca pedroensis, new species (Plate 3, figs. 1-5) Lagisca sp. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 39. The type specimen comes from San Pedro Basin (Sta. 2500) ; it measures 21.5 mm long and 4 mm wide and is accompanied by several other smaller ones. The body consists of 40 setigerous segments. The prostomium is one and a half times as wide as long and has distinct peaks; it is deeply incised through its anterior half for the insertion of the median cirrophore. There are 4 black eyes, a pair located at the sides in front of the middle of the lobe, and a similar pair near the postlateral margin of the prostomium. Elytra number 15 pairs; they are broadly overlapping across the middorsum and leave the last few segments exposed, as typical of the genus. In shape they are reniform, appear smooth but, when magnified, are seen to have a sparse marginal fringe consisting of long to short NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 81 alternating filaments. he scar of attachment is seen through the dorsal surface (Plate 3, figs. 1, 2). The upper or exposed surface is lightly covered with hard conical spines of 2 kinds; the larger ones are distally blunt, straight or slightly curved and largely limited to the posterior part of the elytrum. The smaller ones are low and nodular; they have 2 or 3 small peaks, and are dispersed over the antero-medial elytral surface. Setae are translucent yellow. Notopodial setae, few in a parapodium, are coarser than neuropodial setae and bluntly acicular (Plate 3, fig. 5) ; they have delicate, widely spaced serrations in transverse series along their free length. They are accompanied by a long aciculum emerging for a considerable distance from the end of a digitate notoacicular lobe. Neuropodial setae are of 2 kinds; 3 superior slender falcigers have a bifid tip (Plate 3, fig. 3) with shorter accessory tooth and a slightly rugose crotch (Plate 3, fig. 4). The shaft is similarly but less coarsely serrated. An inferiormost small fascicle of about 8 slender setae is of another kind; these terminate distally in an entire tip and are geniculate subdistally and coarsely spinous along their free length. These are accompanied by a yellow, rodlike aciculum resembling the notoaciculum ; it projects from the neuropodium immediately below a long digitate lobe. Lagisca pedroensis differs from other species of the genus in having 2 kinds of neuropodial setae, of which the superiormost are distally bifid, and the distal teeth are widely separated. Elytral spines are of 2 kinds. This species has been recovered only from San Pedro Basin, where it is associated with hexactinellid sponges, other polychaetes, and mollusks of the genera Limifossor, Delectopecten and Nitidella. Family SIGALIONIDAE Genus STHENELANELLA Moore, 1910 Stehenelanella uniformis Moore, 1910 Moore, 1910, pp. 391-395, pl. 33, figs. 105-112. This common shallow water species occurs in silty and muddy bot- toms where it inhabits mud-covered, mucoid tubes usually greatly ex- ceeding the occupant in size; they are slimy, thickly coated with mud $2 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 and difficult to tear. The species has been recovered only as a fragment from Santa Catalina Basin. It has a more extensive distribution and greater concentration on shelf and slope depths of southern California. Genus LEANIRA Kinberg, 1855 Leanira alba Moore, 1910 Moore, 1910, pp. 387-391, pl. 33, figs. 99-104. A large individual 70 mm long by 5.5 mm wide comes from the San Diego trough. The prostomium lacks eyes and the body is colorless or white. Elytra are plain and smooth; they lack a fringe. Parapodia are characterized by the modifications of long thick fringe extending dorsally over the notopodia. This species has been known only through its original discovery of one specimen, off Point Loma, in about 650 fms. This second record is near the type locality and from comparable depth; it was taken in silty muds. Leanira calcis, new species (Plate 4, figs. 1-5) A large individual was taken in San Nicolas Basin (Sta. 6340) ; it measures 70 mm long for 44 segments and 8 mm across the body with parapodia, but it lacks tail and all elytra. The segments are widely separated from one another and parapodial lobes are sufficiently unique to distinguish this species from other nearly related ones. Parapodial branchiae are emergent from the outer lateral base of the elytral scar; they have a spurlike process on the upper side (Plate 4, fig. 1) to which the specific name refers. Three fimbriated cuplike organs separate the branchia from the upper end of the notopodium. Another fimbriated organ is found on a projecting process located at the lower proximal end of the neuropodium; it resembles an accessory ventral cirrus but is nearer the body and has an auricular projection at its outer base (Plate 4, fig. 1). The notopodium is located directly over the neuropodium but is much slenderer (Plate 4, fig. 1) ; it is prolonged beyond the acicular tip as a slender, digitate lobe. Three slender filaments emerge at its subdistal edge. Notopodial setae are simple and slender; they form full tufted fascicles ; seen individually, they are nearly smooth along their free length or more or less delicately transversely spinose. Neuropodia are much larger than notopodia and have a transverse NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 83 row of about 5 long fringes at the upper, outer edge, and 3 similar long fringes at the lower, ectal edge. The ventral cirrus is inserted at the inferior edge, proximal to middle. Neuropodial setae are entirely composite and spinigerous, as is characteristic of Leanira. Supra-acicular setae are slenderer and their appendage longer than those of subacicular ones; the cutting edge is finely denticulate (Plate 4, fig. 5). Subacicular setae grossly resemble the upper ones but are proportionately shorter and thicker. The shaft is smooth along its length except for a short spurlike process at its outer, widest part. The appendage is nearly smooth along its cutting edge or slightly undulating (Plate 4, fig. 2); its broadest surface is ornamented with short, low ridges which in some lights resemble canaliculae ( Plate 4, figs. 3, 4). Leanira calcis differs from other species of the genus in the spurlike process on the parapodial branchiae and in having an accessory process proximal to the ventral cirrus. It has been taken only in San Nicolas Basin, in 866 fms. Family AMPHINOMIDAE Genus CHLOEIA Savigny, 1818 Chloeia pinnata Moore, 1911 Moore, 1911, pp. 239-243, pl. 15, figs. 1-6. Hartman, 1940, pp. 206-207, pl. 31, figs. 10-13. This fire-worm is typically a shallow water species, perhaps seldom in the basins, and then only as juvenile, small or stunted individuals; one such was taken in Santa Barbara Basin. The species occurs abundantly in depths of 10-50 fms on sandy bottoms and has its known geographic occurrence limited to southern California. Genus PPEUDEURYTHOE Fauvel, 1932 Pseudeurythoé cf. ambigua (Monro) 1933 Eurythoé ambigua Monro, 1933, pp. 6-7, fig. 2. Several small individuals come from West Cortes, East Cortes, Long and Velero Basins. They are characterized chiefly by having a long, vermiform body and a greatly reduced prostomial caruncle. The longest measures 8 mm long by 2.4 mm wide and consists of more than 25 segments. All specimens are coiled and brittle; the body is broadest in 84 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL.22 front and tapers posteriorly. he prostomium is rounded as a semi- circular lobe and divided into an anterior, broader part and a posterior, much narrower though similar, part with 3 cirriform antennae. There are no visible eyes. Parapodia are biramous and have the two rami wide apart. Notopodia have a long, slender dorsal cirrus located at the inferior end of the setal tuft. Branchiae are present from the fourth segment and continue back through 7 segments. Acicula are yellow, straight, distally blunt and subapically thickened. ‘These specimens approach P. ambigua in having a rounded pros- tomium and a greatly reduced caruncle. They differ in that branchiae are present from the third, not fourth setigerous segment. P. ambigua is previously known from the Pacific side of Panama in very shallow (1 to 2 meters) depths. The present specimens are from East Cortes, West Cortes, Velero and Long Basins, in depths of 899 to 1038 fms. Family EU PHROSINIDAE Genus EUPHROSINE Savigny, 1818 Euphrosine paucibranchiata, new species (Plate 5, figs. 1, 2) Euphrosine sp. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 52. A single specimen comes from Santa Cruz Basin (Sta. 3028). The body is coiled like that of a pill-bug; it is ovigerous and estimated to be about 8 mm long and 3.5 mm wide without, and 7 mm wide with, setae. Segments number at least 15. The caruncle is a long, dark lobe; it carries a short, pale, median antenna. Typical parapodia have slender filamentous branchiae, each with single or at most 2 filaments, resembling the long, slender dorsal cirrus; they are located at the upper, inner end of notopodia. A ventral cirrus, similar in appearance, is located at the lower end of neuropodia. The notopodium has transverse series of bifurcated setae in which a much longer fang is ornamented with up to 15 serrations along its inner edge; the much shorter fang is only about a third to a fourth as long and smooth (Plate 5, fig. 1). These setae intergrade with others in which serrations are almost lacking. Notopodial setae are much coarser than neuropodial ones (Plate 5, fig. 2) but otherwise similar; the shaft is more than twice as thick and the bifurcated tip is more extensively serrated (Plate 5, fig. 1). NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 85 Euphrosine paucibranchiata is distinguished from other species of the genus by having bifurcated setae serrated along the inner edge; branchiae are unusually poorly developed. The species has been recovered only in Santa Cruz Basin in 950 fms. Family PHY _LLODOCIDAE Genus ANAITIDES Czerniavsky, 1882 Anaitides sp. An individual from Santa Catalina Basin was removed from an onuphid tube; it has thick, rust-colored dorsal and ventral cirri. The dorsum has a pair of dark longitudinal lines, within the parapodial bases. It lacks head end and cannot be identified to species. Genus EUMIDA Malmgren, 1865 Eumida tubiformis Moore, 1909 Moore, 1909, pp. 342-344, pl. 16, figs. 22, 23. This species was originally described from San Nicolas Basin. It is small, brown to pale yellow, and usually has irregularly scattered dark spots over the dorsum. It has been recovered from slope depths off Santa Catalina Island (unpublished) and may be typically a deep water species. Eumida spp. A small specimen, only a few mm long, was taken from Santa Cruz Basin; it was lodged in a sandy maldanid tube. The pharynx is fully everted ; it is smooth except for a short subdistal part which is prickly, and the terminal end is surrounded by a circlet of 16 papillae. The prostomium has 4 short cirriform antennae and a larger median one in postmedian insertion; there are no eyes. Dorsal cirri are dark brown, long lanceolate in shape and about. 3 times as long as wide. The 2 anal cirri are long and slender. These characteristics may be those of an unknown species. Another specimen comes from Tanner Basin. It lacks prostomial eyes. A median antenna is inserted near the posterior prostomial margin. Dorsal cirri are thick, suboval and darker than the dusky yellow body. A third specimen was taken from the Patton escarpment; it was deep yellow in color and very fragmented. Its generic status may be questioned. 86 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Genus ETEONE Savigny, 1820 ?Eteone sp. (Plate 5, figs. 3, 4) A small, white depressed phyllodocid comes from the Patton escarp- ment (Sta. 5937). It is nearly complete but lacks head and tail ends. It measures about 9 mm long. Parapodia are uniramous, have short, somewhat imbricated, broadly inserted dorsal cirri (Plate 5, fig. 3) distally surpassed by the setigerous lobe, as is characteristic of some species of Eteone. Ventral cirri resemble dorsal cirri but are smaller. A single pale rodlike aciculum extends distally to the end of the acutely pointed acicular lobe or slightly beyond it. Four to six spinigerous setae form a spreading fascicle. ‘They have a shaft ending in a smooth articulation (Plate 5, fig. 4) and a long, slightly curved appendage with delicate serrations along the cutting edge. Parapodial parts with setae resemble those of Eteone bistriata Uscha- kov (1953b, p. 29) from the north Pacific Ocean but differ from the latter in that dorsal cirri are more reduced in the specimen from California. Another, perhaps nearly related, is Eteone barantollae Fauvel (1932, p. 73) from Calcutta, India, in salt water lakes. ?Eteone sp. was taken only from the outermost station, at Patton escarpment, in 713 fms. Family LACYDONIIDAE Genus PARALACYDONIA Fauvel, 1913 Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel, 1913 (Plate 6, figs. 1-3) Fauvel, 1913, p. 54, fig. 55. Fauvel, 1914, pp. 118-121, pl. 7, figs. 1-9. Uschakov, 1958b, pp. 221-223, figs. 1-2. Single individuals were taken from stations in San Nicolas, West Cortes, San Clemente, Long and Velero Basins, and all from depths greater than 960 fms. The body is short, pale to white, slender and appears fragile. Total length of 55 segments is about 15 mm, and width at the widest part or ninth segment is 1.4 mm; thereafter the body is gradually narrower to linear. The prostomium is a short, trapezoidal lobe, widest posteriorly, and has 4 short, subequal antennae at its frontal margin; there are no No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 87 eyes. The peristomium is a short simple ring weakly set off from the prostomium (Plate 6, fig. 1). The pharynx (seen only by dissection) is muscular, cylindrical, and extends back through the first 13 segments, or through the widest part of the body; there are no horny or papillar structures. The first parapodia are uniramous and all others are biramous, with notopodia and neuropodia widely separated (Plate 6, fig. 2). Each ramus is supported by a yellow rodlike aciculum that tapers distally. Notopodia are obliquely truncate, longest at their lower edge and have 6 to 14 simple, hairlike setae in a spreading fascicle. Neuropodia are obliquely truncate in the opposite direction; they are larger and longer than their corresponding notopodia and have 8 to 20 composite spinigers in which the articulation is extremely heterogomph (Plate 6, fig. 3). The ap- pendage is delicately serrated at the cutting edge. The heterogomph tip has been shown as a uniquely separate wishbonelike piece (Fauvel, 1923, fig. 74 h, i) but as interpreted here (Plate 6, fig. 3) it is not highly modified, and the appearance is the result of an overlying sheath of the shaft, partly covering the heterogomph tip and surrounding the base of the appendage. The differences as shown in the illustrations (noted above in the references) are believed to result from various interpreta- tions and may not be specific. At the lowermost part of the neuropodial fascicle there are usually one or two simple, hairlike setae, especially in posterior segments; this feature has been selected to distinguish P. para- doxa from the nearly related P. weberi Horst (Fauvel, 1932, p. 74) ; when overlooked, there is little to distinguish the two. The subacicular lobe of notopodia, and the supra-acicular lobe of neuropodia usually appear conical or inflated, projecting beyond the rest of the parapodial length (Plate 6, fig. 2). Dorsal cirri are short, blunt, presetal in position, and ventral cirri are much shorter. The curious distribution of this species remains unexplained. First described from off Monaco, Mediterranean Sea in 24 fms (Fauvel, 1913, p. 54), it has been recorded as P. mortenseni Augener (1924, p. 311) off New Zealand in shallow water. Fauvel (1932, p. 74) redescribed it from India, and Uschakov (1958, p. 221) from the China Sea in very shallow bottoms. If P. weberi Horst (1923, p. 221) is a synonym, it is present also in the Banda Sea in 480 fms. The present records originate entirely from the eastern Pacific Ocean, only in the outer deep basins, and in depths of 962 to 1030 fms. It is not known to occur in shallower depths or closer to shore, where extensive collections have been made. 88 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Family HESIONIDAE A small white hesionid, represented by fragments only, has been taken only in subsill parts of San Pedro and Santa Catalina Basins. It may represent an unknown genus and species. Family PILARGIDAE Genus ANCISTROSYLLIS McIntosh, 1879 Ancistrosyllis ?tentaculata Treadwell, 1941 Treadwell, 1941, p. 1, figs. 1-3. Hartman, 1947, p. 498. Numerous individuals come from Santa Monica, San Pedro, Santa Cruz, Tanner and Velero Basins. They are not as large or as well developed as those from shallower areas, but agree in other respects. Characteristic features include the presence of thick, curved notopodial spines from the fourth or fifth segment, continuing posteriorly through- out the rest of the body. Antennae and dorsal cirri are long and filiform. The posterior margin of the prostomium is usually straight or may be incised medially, as originally shown. Specimens from Santa Cruz Basin have deep yellow bars across anterior segments and similar pigment spots on upper bases of parapodia; these fade in alcohol. A specimen from Velero Basin differs in that the surface epithelium is papillated. A. tentaculata was first described from Long Island, New York, and reported from shallow sea bottoms off southern California (Hart- man, 1947, p. 498). It is typically a shallow water species. Genus PILARGIS Saint-Joseph, 1899 Pilargis hamatus, new species (Plate 7, figs. 4-6) The specimen selected as type comes from Santa Catalina Basin (Sta. 3025) ; others are from San Pedro and Tanner Basins. The type, in 4 pieces, measures 27 mm long and 2 mm wide. Others, somewhat larger, measure to 30 mm long. The body is prolonged and greatly depressed. Posterior segments are dark reddish-brown and irregularly strewn with dark specks that fade out in alcohol. The frontal margin of the prostomium is deeply incised medially; it terminates in a pair of No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 89 subspherical palpi directed forward. Paired antennae are inserted on the posterior third of the length; they are very short equitriangular and somewhat larger than the anterior palpostyles. The first 5 or 6 parapodia are uniramous; all others are biramous. The first visible segment is the first setigerous. Large, sharply recurved yellow notopodial hooks are first present from the fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh segment; they occur singly in parapodia and are continued posteriorly perhaps to the end of the body; they are recurved upward and medially. The distal part is roughened (Plate 7, fig. 5). A similar but smaller hook is usually present, deeply embedded in notopodial tissue. Neuropodial setae are of 2 kinds, in- cluding slender capillary, and thicker, acicular setae, the latter distally bifid with the end of the main fang recurved and the accessory tooth the smaller (Plate 7, fig. 6). Notopodial lobes are short, rounded, have a dorsal cirrus above the emergence of the notopodial hooks. Neuropodia are larger, distally rounded and supported by an acicular, embedded rod. A short, triangular ventral cirrus emerges from the inferior end of the parapodium. Dorsal and ventral cirri are slightly papillated or nearly smooth (Plate 7, fig. +). Pilargis hamatus differs from other species of the genus (see Hart- man, 1947, p. 491, for key to species) in which dorsal cirrophores are short in that the large recurved spines are present far forward. A posteriorly regenerated specimen from Tanner Basin (Sta. 6345) differs from the type in that the surface epithelium is papillated, re- sembling a species of Sphaerosyllis (family Syllidae). However, large notopodial hooks are present from the sixth segment and the body is unusually depressed; it is questionably referred to P. hamatus. This species is more abundant in deep water than in shallower bot- toms; its greatest concentrations seem to be in the inner and middle series of basins. Genus LOANDALIA Monro, 1936 Loandalia fauveli Berkeley and Berkeley, 1941 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1941, pp. 30-31, figs. 4-6. First described from Newport Bay, California, in inter-tidal mud flats, this species has been taken (unpublished records) more abundantly on shelf and slope areas of southern California. The deepest record is Santa Catalina Basin, in 625 fms. The species is not known outside southern California. 90) ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Family SYLLIDAE Representatives of this family are seldom taken in samples from basin depths. Only a few small, perhaps immature, specimens were recovered, as indicated below. Genus LANGERHANSIA Czerniavsky, 1881 Langerhansia heterochaeta (Moore) 1909 Syllis (Ehlersia) heterochaeta Moore, 1909, pp. 322-325, pl. 15, figs. 1-4. Syllis heterochaeta Moore, 1923, p. 256. S. (Ehlersia) heterochaeta Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 76. Ehlersia heterochaeta Hartman and Barnard, 1958, pp. 21, 55. This species was recorded from San Nicolas Basin (Moore, 1923). It occurs more frequently in seabottorms above sill depths. Genus Exogone Oersted, 1845 Exogone lourei Berkeley and Berkeley, 1938 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1938, pp. 44-47, figs. 11, 12. A specimen was taken in Tanner Basin. The species is characterized by having composite spinigers with a long appendage in anterior seg- ments. It is more extensively known in western Canada and western Mexico (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948, p. 79). Exogone sp. A small individual comes from Santa Barbara Basin, in 280 fms. It lacks long spinigerous setae in anterior segments. Genus SYLLIS Savigny, 1818 Syllis sp. A small specimen less than 10 mm long, with prolonged palpi, was taken in Santa Catalina Basin in 630 fms. Family NEREIDAE Five species in 3 genera are represented; they may be identified according to the following key. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 9] Key to species i WProstomimewith eyes <9 2° ta si a OS 1. Prostomium without eyes ee Fe Ne ts a 2. Ventral cirri bifurcated . . Ceratocephala loveni pacifica 2. Ventral cirri simple and cirriform . . DEES 3. Proboscis with paragnaths on both oral and aasslla rings ; ie: Nereis anoculis Pesbeteis reat ab tier on oral ring; largest paragnaths 3: presentvon-atea Ville 2 5 ee 2 Bunereis caeca 4. Paragnaths sparse and very inconspicuous . Nereis procera 4. Paragnaths moderately large and more numerous . Nereis sp. Genus NEREIS Linnaeus, 1758 Nereis anoculis, new species (Plate 7, figs. 1-3) The type specimen comes from Tanner Basin (Sta. 6345) ; it meas- ures 120 mm long by 6 mm wide and consists of about 140 segments ; another one from the same basin (Sta. 6347) is 78 mm long by 4 mm wide and has slightly fewer segments. A third one comes from San Nicolas Basin (Sta. 6341). The body is pale or white except for the distal ends and margins of parapodial lobes or median and_ posterior segments; these are dull greenish gray, with the pigment most concen- trated in the dorsal lobes, especially along the free margins. he body appears ragged in its posterior half because of the long, widely spaced parapodial lobes. Setae are translucent yellow and acicula are black except for the deeply embedded bases, which are hyaline. The prostomium is pale, depressed, approximately six-sided, with a narrow frontal margin which is as wide as the bases of the antennae combined. The anterior paired sides are longest and the posterior margin is straight. In one specimen the frontal antennae are paired, another has a single antenna, probably atypical; they extend distally about as far as the paired palpi. The 4 pairs of peristomial cirri are simple, cirriform, with the second dorsal pair the longest and about two and a half times as long as the first ventral or shortest pair. The others are intermediate in length. The proboscis, seen by dissection, has a pair of horny brown jaws with 7 oblique blunt teeth on each cutting edge. On the maxillary ring, area I has 1 to 3 very small cones, II has 4 large ones, III has 4 in a 92 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 transverse row, and IV has 5 or 6 large black cones, the largest on the proboscis. On the oral ring, area V is bare, VI has 2 or 3 sharply pointed cones, VII and VIII together have 4 black cones in a transverse row; all are smaller than the cones on area IV. Parapodia are lateral throughout, with long triangular, dorsal, middle and ventral lobes that change little in comparative proportions except that they increase in length posteriorly and become pigmented. The first 2 parapodial pairs are uniramous as is typical of the genus. They have long, triangular dorsal and ventral cirri and parapodial lobes that extend beyond their respective cirri. The proportions of middle and posterior parapodia are shown in Plate 7, fig. 1. Dorsal and ventral cirri are similar to each other except that the first is the longer and is inserted at the dorsal edge of the notopodial lobe, proximal to a patch of pigment. Its insertion continues in about the same relations throughout the rest of the body. In postmedian segments the base of the parapodium is prolonged, accounting for the ragged appearance of this region of the body. Notopodia have slender composite spinigers supported by a tapering black aciculum. In anterior segments these spinigers are in full fascicles, but in middle segments they diminish in number, and are accompanied by a homogomph falciger which is about one and a half times as thick as the accompanying spiniger. The falcigers have an appendage that is lens-shaped and finely denticulate along one edge (Plate 7, fig. 3). Neuropodia have similar slender composite spinigers and a_ black aciculum; heterogomph falcigers are present in the subacicular parts of the fascicle; these have an appendage much longer than wide and are denticulate along one edge (Plate 7, fig. 2). At greatest length the appendage is about 8 times as long as wide. The posterior end tapers gradually and ends in an anal ring provided with a pair of long, lateral cirri, each about as long as the combined length of the last 8 segments. Nereis anoculis is characterized by lacking prostomial eyes; posterior parapodia are prolonged in their basal parts. On the proboscis the largest paragnaths are on area IV. It has been taken only in Tanner and San Nicolas Basins. Another Nereis from great depths is N. profundi Kirkegaard (1956, p. 67) from the Banda Trench in 7250-7290 m. It measures 69 by § mm and is thus also a large form. Paragnaths on the maxillary ring are numerous, whereas those on the oral ring are limited to a single row of few cones; jaws have 5 teeth below the main fang. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 93 Nereis procera Ehlers, 1868 Ehlers, 1868, pp. 557-559, pl. 23, fig. 2. Moore, 1911, p. 246. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 20. This is a common shallow water species, most abundant in soft bottoms and in depths of less than 100 fms. It has been recorded only once from basin depths; Moore (1911, p. 246) named it from Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz Basins in depths to 1100 fms. Nereis sp. A single anterior fragment comes from San Nicolas Basin (Sta. 6336) in 613 fms. The prostomium has 4 large black eyes; the proboscis has well developed paragnaths on both rings. Median and _ posterior parapodia are either damaged or missing so that the arrangement of parapodial lobes cannot be ascertained. This may be a representative of one of the shelf species. Genus EUNEREIS Malmgren, 1865 Eunereis caeca, new species The type comes from Long Basin (Sta. 6349); another possibly the same is from East Cortes Basin (Sta. 5943). The first measures 65 mm long and 5 mm wide, and consists of more than 80 segments; a smaller one is only 11 mm long, with 40 segments. There is no color except for the black acicula. The prostomium is approximately six-sided, with the anterior end shortest and as wide as the combined bases of the frontal antennae; the posterior margin is the longest; there are no eyes. Frontal antennae are short, cirriform and about two-fifths as long as the prostomium. The first two parapodia are uniramous and all others biramous. i The proboscis, seen by dissection, has a pair of translucent, horny, brown jaws, each with 8 short, broadly rounded teeth along the curved cutting edge and terminating in a long, curved smooth fang. The oral ring of the proboscis lacks paragnaths, or there is a single minute paragnath on area VI. The maxillary ring has its most conspicuous paragnaths on area VII where there are 9 black cones; V has none; VI has about 10 tiny black points and VIII has none or 2-3 very small cones. 94 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Parapodia do not differ greatly between middle and posterior regions of the body. Those of anterior segments have dorsal and middle lobes about equally long and triangular in shape; thereafter the dorsal lobe diminishes in size but continues to be triangular, with the dorsal cirrus inserted at its upper base. Setae in anterior segments are largely com- posite spinigers. Neurosetae of segments 7 to 20 occur in full tufts and the corresponding notopodial fascicles are much slenderer. Homogomph falcigers are first present in about notopodium 35, number two to a fascicle and are accompanied by one or two composite spinigers and a single slender black aciculum. The homogomph falcigers have an ap- pendage that is lens-shaped, longer than wide, and they are denticulated along one edge, not much different from those of Nereis anoculis (above) ; they are about one and a half times as thick as the accompany- ing spinigers. Neuropodia have heterogomph spinigers in supra-acicular positions, and both these and heterogomph falcigers in subacicular position; the latter have an appendage 4 times as long as wide and the longest ones are in the uppermost part of the bundle. Dorsal and ventral cirri are simple cirriform throughout, with the first inserted at the base of the dorsal lobe and the second inserted on the lower side of the parapodium near the body wall. The genus Eunereis is known from the eastern Pacific Ocean for two other species, E. Jongipes Hartman (1936, p. 479) and E. patagonia (McIntosh, 1885, p. 228). The first occurs in central California in intertidal zones. It has 4 prostomial eyes and the proboscis has paragnaths on areas VII-VIII arranged as 6 cones in a transverse row. The second occurs in southern South America; it is not known to have homogomph falcigers in notopodia. Eunereis caeca has been recovered only in Long and East Cortes Basins, in 900 and 980 fms. Genus CERATOCEPHALA Malmgren, 1867 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica, new subspecies (Plate 8, figs. 1, 2) The type comes from West Cortes Basin (Sta. 5939); others are from East Cortes, San Clemente and Long Basins, and from the Patton escarpment. The largest individuals, perhaps nearly mature, are small and meas- NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 95 ure only 7 to 8 mm long for 24 segments; they are less than one mm across. Ihe body is widest at the third to fourth segments. Preserved, there is no pigment. The prostomium is deeply incised at its frontal margin and has a pair of antennae directed forward, much as in the stem species, C. Joveni Malmgren (1867, p. 176-177, pl. 16, fig. 33). They extend forward nearly to the distal end of the palpi but are much slenderer. Prostomial eyes are lacking. The 4 pairs of peristomial tentacles are in sets of 2, with the first 2 pairs on each side widely separated from the next 2 pairs. The first 2 parapodial segments are uniramous, as is typical of the genus; they have ventral cirri which are bifurcated, present from the first, and thus different from those of the stem species, where they are simple. Parapodia of typical segments (Plate 8, fig. 1 shows a tenth one) have well developed notopodial and neuropodial lobes, and bifurcated ventral cirri in which the ventral branch is the larger. The dorsal lobe becomes very large and conspicuous; its cirrophore is carried distally and bears the much slenderer dorsal cirrus at its tip. Acicula, largely embedded, are black except for the base, which is colorless; they occur singly in a ramus. Setae are pale yellow and delicate. The proboscis, seen only by dissection, has pale yellow, thin, trans- lucent jaws, each piece (Plate 8, fig. 2) with 12 evenly spaced, distally acutely pointed teeth. A few soft papillae are present on the oral ring of the proboscis but their exact number and location have not been determined. C. loveni pacifica may be compared with the stem species, C. Joven Malmgren (1867, p. 176) first described from Sweden, and with C. borealis Wesenberg-Lund (1950, p. 18) from West Greenland in 300- 550 fms. All three lack prostomial eyes and have a prostomium deeply incised at the frontal margin. In C. loveni the jaws have 11 teeth, in C. borealis there are 5 coarse teeth, and in C. loveni pacifica there are 12 teeth. Bifurcated ventral cirri are first present from the third setigerous segment in C. loveni and C. borealis, whereas they occur from the first in C. loveni pacifica. Another species of the genus, C. crosslandi americana Hartman (1952, p. 16), is common off southern California, in shallow ocean depths of 25 fms or less, where it is associated with a community of Listriolobus pelodes Fisher (Barnard and Hartman, this volume, p. 6). This species is readily distinguished from the deep-water one by having prostomial eyes and by its much larger size. 96 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 C. loveni pacifica has been found only in outer basins where it has been present in most samples taken from West Cortes, East Cortes, and San Clemente Basins, in depths to over 1000 fms. Family NEPHTYIDAE Genus AGLAOPHAMUS Kinberg, 1866 Aglaophamus sp. This family is represented only by an anterior fragment of 4 glaopha- mus taken in the San Diego trough in 710 fms. It may be a representative of one of the several species occurring in California (Hartman, 1950, pp. 117-118). Species of this family are mainly shallow water forms. Family SPHAERODORIDAE Genus SPHAERODORUM DOersted, 1843 Sphaerodorum sp. One small and two much smaller individuals come from ‘Tanner Basin (Sta. 6348); the largest measures 7.2 mm long and one mm wide, and consists of 32 segments. Large epithelial tubercles are limited to parapodia, one notopodial, the other neuropodial. Dorsal and ventral setae are composite spinigerous and resemble those of Sphaerodorum brevicapitis Moore (1909, p. 335) described from off Santa Catalina Island in 2045 fms. This was said to be 39 mm long, 1.6 mm wide and consisted of 96 segments, which is considerably larger than the specimens from Tanner Basin. The specificity has not been established. Family GLYCERIDAE Genus GLYCERA Savigny, 1818 Glycera capitata Oersted, 1843 Hartman, 1950, pp. 76-77, pl. 11, figs. 1-4. A small, possibly juvenile specimen comes from Santa Catalina Basin. The species is frequent in shallow bottoms, especially of mixed to silty muds. It is replaced in deeper water by the subspecies (immediately below). Glycera capitata is considered cosmopolitan in distribution. No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 97 Glycera capitata branchiopoda Moore, 1911 Glycera branchiopoda Moore, 1911, pp. 302-304, pl. 20, figs. 155, 156; pl. 21, figs. 157-159, This species was taken in San Pedro, Santa Monica, Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, East Cortes Basins and in the San Diego trough. It differs from the stem species mainly in having longer parapodial lobes, especially those of the dorsally and ventrally located pairs. Its distribution is limited to deeper waters off southern California, whereas its nearly related stem species is found in shallower depths. Glycera oxycephala Ehlers, 1887 Ehlers, 1887, pp. 121-123, pl. 41, figs. 7-11. Hartman, 1950, pp. 70-71, pl. 10, figs. 3, 4. A single specimen was taken in Santa Barbara Basin. This is mainly a shallow water form, usually present in sediments of red or brown sand. It is more widely known on both sides of tropical America and from California northward to Oregon. Glycera spp. Small fragmented or juvenile specimens come from San Nicolas, and Tanner Basins and from the Patton escarpment. Family GONIADIDAE Genus GONIADA Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1833 Goniada nr. brunnea Treadwell, 1906 Treadwell, 1906, p. 1174, figs. 67-70. Hartman, 1950; pp. 17-19, pl. 1,, figs. 1-6: pl. 4, fig. 1. One to several specimens each come from samples taken in San Pedro, Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, Tanner, San Clemente, East Cortes, West Cortes, Tanner and Long Basins, and from Patton escarpment and the San Diego trough. They consistently differ from shallow water representatives in having the transition from uniramous to biramous parapodia at segments 32/33 to 35/36 instead of 44/45. The prostomium has 8 annuli and the proboscidial chevrons are typical. Individuals usually have reddish-brown bars across the segments and over parapodial bases. In posterior segments the postsetal lobe is equally bifid, and in other respects the resemblance is continued. 98 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL) 22 Goniada brunnea was first described off the Hawaiian Islands in 202-220 fms, but has been more widely recorded from other parts of the eastern Pacific Ocean, in shallow depths to 600 fms (Hartman, 1950, p. 19). The present records extend the depth range to nearly 900 fms. Family ONUPHIDAE Six closely related species are represented; they may be identified according to the following key. Key to species 1. Peristomium without tentacular cirri; tube quill-like and trans- lucent eee: . . . Hyalinoecia tubicola stricta 1. Peristomium one tentacular cirri; tubes not translucent 2. Branchiae entirely simple and unbranched 4 2. Branchiae partly or entirely branched . . ee) 3. Ventral cirri cirriform through 5 or 6 segments; Benner present from first parapodia . . . . Onuphis eremita 3. Ventral cirri cirriform through 7 or 8 segments; branchiae first present from parapodia 3-5 and with up to 10-11 filaments where best developed . . . «. = . Onuphis vexillaria 3. Ventral cirri cirriform through 3 segments; branchiae first present from parapodia 5 and with at most 2 filaments at greatest development . . . eae Oni nisasDs Branchiae present from first Sees . Nothria iridescens Branchiae first present after first parapodia . . . . 5 Ventral cirri cirriform through 5 segments; branchiae first present from parapodia 3 or 4 . . . WNothria pallida 5. Ventral cirri cirriform through 3 segments; branchiae first present from parapodium 8 . . . . WNothria stigmatis 5. Ventral cirri cirriform through 2 segments; branchiae present fromsegment14. . . . . . #£Nothria hiatidentata aectent Genus HY ALINOECIA Malmgren, 1867 Hyalinoecia tubicola stricta Moore, 1911 Moore, 1911, pp. 280-292, pl. 18, figs. 96, 97. A large quill-like tube with specimen was taken in Velero Basin. It measures 200 mm long by 5 to 7 mm wide. The animal within is NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 99 closely encased and the anterior end of the body is speckled with dark pigment. The subspecies differs from the stem, H. tubicola (Miller), in that the bifid subacicular hooks of posterior segments have the main tooth nearly straight instead of at right angles to the shaft; the maxillary jaws numbered III and IV have more numerous teeth than corresponding ones in the stem (Moore, 1911, p. 281). This was first named from San Clemente Basin in 1038 fms, in green mud, associated with hydroids, a barnacle, Scalpellum proximum Pilsbry, a small stalked tunicate, and an anemone, Sagartia sp. (Moore, 1911, p. 282). The specimen from the Velero Basin was associated with a white holothurian and 10 other kinds of polychaetes (see Analyses in the following part of this volume). Genus ONUPHIS Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1833 Onuphis vexillaria Moore, 1911 Moore, 1911, pp. 266-269, pl. 17, figs. 69-76. Hartman, 1944, pp. 80-83, pl. 5, figs. 90-98. Large individuals, agreeing with the description of the type, were taken in West Cortes, East Cortes, Long and Velero Basins in depths of 899 to 1285 fms. The species is known more widely south to western Mexico (Hartman, 1944, p. 83). Onuphis eremita Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1833 Fauvel, 1923, pp. 414-415, fig. 163. Hartman, 1944, p. 75. ‘Two specimens come from West Cortes Basin in 835 fms. The species is commoner in shallower, less than 100 fm bottoms off San Diego, where it is most abundant in sediments of red and brown sands (unpublished records). It is more widely known from cosmopolitan areas of warmer parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Onuphis sp. ‘Two individuals come from East Cortes Basin in 899 fms; another from San Clemente Basin in 1018 fms. The longest one occupies a long, about 300 mm, dark, flexible tube, which encloses an animal 126 mm long. The body is attenuate and anteriorly depressed. Ventral cirri are cirriform through 3 segments and thereafter padlike. Branchiae are present from the fifth setigerous segment; they are thick, club-shaped 100 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 single lobes, resembling dorsal cirri. Bifurcated branchiae are present from the eleventh segment and this is the maximum number of filaments. The posterior three-fifths of the body lacks branchiae. These specimens resemble Nothria in this respect, but do not agree fully with species so named below. Genus NOTHRIA Malmgren, 1867 Nothria hiatidentata Moore, 1911 Moore, 1911, pp. 259-262, figs. 41-50. The type locality is San Clemente Basin in 1059 fms. In general appearance it resembles a species of Hyalinoecia (see above) but it has, instead of lacks, peristomial cirri. It is known only through its original account. Nothria pallida Moore, 1911 Moore, 1911, pp. 256-259, figs. 24-28, 35-37. This species is commonly encountered in green muds in offshore areas of southern California in depths less than subsill parts of basins (unpub- lished records). It has been taken also in Santa Catalina, Tanner, East Cortes and Long Basins. Individuals construct thick-walled tubes of mud, resembling those of a terebellid, Pista disjuncta Moore, with which it is often associated. The species may be expected to occur in most or all of the middle and outer series of basins. It is not known outside of southern California, in shallow to basin depths. Nothria iridescens (Johnson) 1901 Northia iridescens Johnson, 1901, p. 408, pl. 8, figs. 86, 87. Hartman, 1944, pp. 87-88, pl. 5, figs. 99-104. ‘This species was taken in Santa Catalina, West Cortes and Tanner Basins. It is more frequent in shallower depths and has been more widely reported from other parts of the northeast Pacific (Hartman, 1944, p. 88). This species is not clearly separable from Nothria elegans ( Johnson) (see Hartman, 1944, pp. 88-89) except for features concerning minute details of anterior setae. N. iridescens is interpreted as occurring in deeper bottoms with silty sediments, whereas N. elegans may dominate shallower, silty sand bottoms. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 101 Nothria stigmatis (Treadwell) 1922 Onuphis stigmatis Treadwell, 1922, pp. 176-178, figs. 22-34. Hartman, 1944, pp. 89-91, pl. 11, figs. 240-247. Specimens were collected from San Pedro Basin and Patton escarp- ment. The species is more widely known from Washington in littoral zones, south to western Mexico (Hartman, 1944, p. 91). The present records (713 fms) include the deepest known occurrences. The species is characterized by having ventral cirri cirriform through 3 segments and thereafter padlike. Branchiae are first present at about segment 15. Composite falcigers of anterior segments are distinctly tri- dentate. Family LUMBRINERIDAE Ten species, 9 in a single genus, are recorded from basin depths. ‘These may be identified according to the following key. Key to species 1. Some parapodia with palmately branched branchiae Ninoé gemmea Without branched branchiae hi , 2 2. Anterior parapodia with composite hooks 2) 2. Anterior parapodia lacking composite hooks ifs 3. Posterior parapodia with 2 long lobes + 3. Posterior parapodia with a single prolonged tae 5 3. Posterior parapodia without prolonged lobes Pay Tate eeva cht = 27. rate eM Lumbrineris latreilli 4, Parapodial acicula yellow . . . Lumbrineris cruzensis 4, Parapodial acicula black . . Lumbrineris californiensis beibarapodialaciculayellows | 2 s (2 jeoace “se bar an 6 5. Parapodial acicula black . . =. #. #£tLumbrineris index 6. Maxillae 3 and 4 each with several teeth abe Wiss ee Pals Moi hs Koel "ike, 2 ‘ Lumbrineris inflata 6. Maxillae 3 and 4 each with single tooth Rae eR CAN Cite: "Ala WL Bs, Lumbrineris limicola 7. With long, hairlike setae in some segments . . . . 8 Without long, hairlike setae . . Lumbrineris tetraura 8. Hooded hooks present from first parapodia “I ee Lumbrineris longensis 8. Mowaed iiigeks abet eee first 20 segments Lumbrineris moorei 102 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOrW ce Genus LUMBRINERIS Blainville, 1828 Lumbrineris californiensis Hartman, 1944 Hartman, 1944, pp. 163-165, pl. 12, figs. 257-262. A small individual comes from Santa Catalina Basin, and another, questionably the same, from West Cortes Basin. This is typically a shallow water species, known only from southern California north to Carmel Bay, California. Lumbrineris cruzensis Hartman, 1944 Hartman, 1944, pp. 165-166, pl. 12, figs. 263-269. A small individual was taken in Santa Monica Basin; a questionable record is from Long Basin. The species is commonly encountered in shallow benthos of southern California, in sediments of fine silts with much detritus. Its known geographic range is limited to southern Cali- fornia. Lumbrineris index Moore, 1911 Lumbrineris japonica index Moore, 1911, pp. 288-289, pl. 19, figs. 119-127. Hartman, 1944, pp. 162-163, pl. 12, figs. 254-256. Specimens were taken in San Pedro, Santa Catalina, Tanner and questionably West Cortes Basins. Previous records reported the species from southern and central California in 16 to 704 fms. Lumbrineris inflata Moore, 1911 Moore, 1911, pp. 289-291, figs. 128-134. Hartman, 1944, pp. 160-161. ‘This species was taken in Santa Catalina Basin and the San Diego trough in depths to 710 fms. It is more extensively known from the northeast Pacific Ocean, south to the Gulf of California, Mexico, in littoral depths. Lumbrineris ? latreilli Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1834 Lumbriconereis Latreilli Fauvel, 1923, pp. 431-432, fig. 171. Hartman, 1944, pp. 158-159, pl. 9, figs. 213-216. Three small, perhaps immature, individuals from San Clemente Basin are questionably referred to this species. Some acicula are partly black No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 103 instead of yellow and thus approach the condition known for L. japonica Marenzeller (see Hartman, 1944, p. 159). L. latreilli has a world-wide distribution. Lumbrineris limicola Hartman, 1944 Hartman, 1944, pp. 161-162, pl. 11, figs. 230-237. Numerous individuals come from East Cortes, West Cortes, San Nicolas and Tanner Basins. All are much smaller than typical specimens from shallower ocean bottoms off southern California, and the pro- stomium is rounded in front instead of being equitriangular. Lumbrineris cf. tetraura (Schmarda) 1861 Hartman, 1944, pp. 147-149, pl. 8, figs. 175, 190, 191; pl. 9, figs. 192- 195. A specimen from Santa Catalina Basin in 597 fms agrees with this species as interpreted by Hartman (1944, p. 144). The species is more extensively known from southern California south to Chile, usually in shallow littoral depths. Lumbrineris moorei Hartman, 1942 Hartman, 1942, pp. 116-118, fig. 12. The present finds are from San Nicolas, Velero and questionably San Clemente Basins. The species is characterized by having only simple limbate setae in the first 25 or more segments. Simple hooded hooks are present in more posterior parapodia. The species was first described from off Santa Catalina Island in 1350 to 2180 fms. It is known only through these records. Lumbrineris longensis, new species Two individuals come from Long Basin (Sta. 6350) in 916 fms. ‘Total length of the larger one is 120 mm and width, without parapodia, is 5 mm. Segments number more than 260 (a tail end is lacking). The body cavity contains large ova. The anterior end is unusually narrowed and the prostomium is a small depressed conical lobe, dusky except for a pale tip; it lacks eyes. The first 2 segments are smooth rings, with the second one about as long as the first setigerous segment and the first ring somewhat longer. The anterior third region of the body has unusually long, slender capillary setae; they are present from about segment 14 through 30 and 104 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 occupy a supra-acicular position, where they number 4 to 7 in a fascicle. ‘They are accompanied by simple hooded hooks in an inferior position in the fascicle. The jaws, seen by dissection, consist of mandibles and maxillae. Maxilla I is falcate; II has 5 teeth on a side, with the teeth subequal ; III and IV each have a single tooth. The mandibles are fused along their medial length and have a deep distal notch at the anterior or widest part. Parapodia are lateral throughout; those of anterior segments have broad, short lobes, with the pre- and postsetal lobes about equally long, but the posterior one the slenderer. In the posterior region the pre- and postsetal lobes elongate and are distally divergent; they resemble those of Lumbrineris californiensis (Hartman, 1944, pl. 12, fig. 260). Long, slender, simple hooded hooks are present from the first parapodium, accompanied by limbate, distally pointed setae. “The number of hooks increases so that within a few segments they are equal in number to the pointed setae. The hooks occupy the middle of the series and the longer, pointed setae are at either end. At segment 12 to 14 the pointed setae are abruptly longer and hairlike, and after segment 30 they are nearly absent. Acicula are pale translucent in their distal parts, and fuscus to nearly black in their deeply embedded portion; they number 3 or 4 in a para- podium and terminate distally in a greatly attenuated tip, protruding from the tapering parapodial lobes like thick needles. At first sight, they look like a kind of modified seta, but their bases can be seen to extend far into the parapodial base, a characteristic of acicula. Lumbrineris longensis is chiefly characterized by having long hairlike setae in some median segments; composite hooks are absent; posterior parapodial lobes are bilabiate, having both pre- and postsetal lobes elon- gated. Acicula terminate distally in needlelike points and project from parapodia. L. longensis differs from L. moorei (see above), which also has long, hairlike setae in some median segments, in that these setae are in the middle, not the inferior position in the setal fascicle. It differs from L. bifilaris (Ehlers) (see Hartman, 1944, p. 153) which has the first 55 segments provided with long pointed setae in a superior position. L. longensis has been taken only in Long Basin; it is presumed to be an abyssal form which may have its more extended distribution in deeper ocean bottoms off California. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 105 Lumbrineris spp. Small fragmented or juvenile individuals come from San Nicolas and Tanner Basins and from the Patton escarpment. They may be represen- tatives of named species. The genus is represented in southern California by no fewer than 14 species (Hartman, 1944, p. 139); these can be ecologically ranged according to depth and kinds of sediments, from intertidal levels to abyssal depths, and from fine silts to coarse and rocky bottoms. The species are believed to be conditioned not only to these physical factors, but to other species with which they are associated. (Analyses by sample number may be consulted in another part of this volume. ) Genus NINOE Kinberg, 1865 Ninoé gemmea Moore, 1911, var. Moore, 1911, pp. 283-285, pl. 19, figs. 101-109. Nearly 50 individuals come from Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas, Tanner, East Cortes and Long Basins, with the first the best represented. The species is best known from shelf and slope bottoms (unpublished). The basin samples differ from typical ones in that branchiae are present from the second, instead of a later segment, and they have up to 6 filaments, all exceeded in size by the accompanying dorsal cirrus, which is somewhat foliose. Branchiae are continued through 16 or 17 segments and are abruptly absent thereafter. The prostomium is bluntly conical, longer than wide, or more than twice as long as wide; it lacks eyes. The first 2 segments are short, smooth rings. Hooded hooks, accompanied by pointed setae, are present from the first parapodium; they are dusky to black along most of their length except for the tip, which is pale. Acicula are black. Ninoé gemmea differs from N. fusca Moore (1911, p. 285), de- scribed from abyssal depths off southern California, chiefly in that the latter has only unifilar branchiae and hooded hooks are not present before segment 48. N. gemmea is more typically a shallower water species; it has been frequently collected from shelf and slope depths (unpublished data). 106 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Family ARABELLIDAE Genus DRILONEREIS Claparéede, 1870 Drilonereis falcata Moore, 1911 Moore, 1911, pp. 298-299, pl. 20, figs. 150-154. Hartman, 1944, p. 179. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 37. A specimen comes from San Pedro Basin. The species occurs more commonly in shallower than basin depths; its known distribution includes California and western Mexico (Hartman, 1944, p. 179). Drilonereis nuda Moore, 1909 Moore, 1909, pp. 254-256, pl. 8, figs. 21-23. Hartman, 1944, pp. 178-179, pl. 13, figs. 297-302. D.sp., Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 46. Specimens were taken in San Pedro and Santa Catalina Basins. The species is characterized by having a very slender prolonged body; posterior parapodial lobes do not elongate. The species is more typically a shallow water form and seldom descends to basin depths. Drilonereis spp. Small, juvenile, or vegetative (non-reproductive) stages come from Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas and Long Basins. They are small, less than 20 mm long, and some have posterior parapodia with prolonged postsetal lobes, similar to those of Drilonereis longa Webster, known from the eastern shores of the United States (Hartman, 1945, p. 51). Species of the genus are largely littoral or neritic forms. Family DORVILLEIDAE Genus DORVILLEA Parfitt, 1866 Dorvillea articulata (Hartman) 1938 Stauronereis articulatus Hartman, 1938, pp. 101-102, figs. 39-44. Hartman, 1944, p. 189. Smaller than typical representatives come from San Pedro, East Cortes, questionably Long Basins and from Patton escarpment. The largest measure 7.5 mm long for 40 segments; the prostomium usually lacks eyes, unlike the shallow water forms. The distal end of neuropodia is more prolonged and ventral cirri are longer and slenderer than is NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 10/7 typical. ‘he dorsal cirrophore extends distally beyond the distal ends of neuropodial lobes. Simple and composite setae are like those in shallow water representatives. Ihe species is more widely known from California in shelf to slope ocean depths. Family ORBINIIDAE Five species in as many genera are represented; they are identifiable according to the following key. Key to species Anterior margin of prostomium truncate . Naineris uncinata Anterior margin of prostomium more or less acutely pointed 2 Thoracic neuropodia with only slender, pointed setae | Oe ed seh § Haploscoloplos elongatus 2: Tha ee Haan oon pointed setae and modified hooks 3 3. First 3 neuropodia with modified brushlike setae ee ee Ra ee a es Califia eahilr 3. First 3 neuropodia without modified setae . . . . 4 4. Posterior thoracic neuropodia with thick, brown, hastate spines ee ee ace ee ed en ey Phylo nudus 4. Posterior thoracic neuropodia without thick spines : Scoloplos acmeceps profundus - Genus NAINERIS Blainville, 1828 Naineris uncinata Hartman, 1957 Hartman, 1957, pp. 301-302, pl. 38, figs. 1-8. Three individuals come from San Pedro Basin in 440 fms. The species is more completely known from southwestern Oregon in shallow bottoms of hard-packed sand with eel grass, and Alaska, shore, to southern California in depths to 340 fms. Its presence in deeper bottoms at the southern limits of its range may be correlated with requirements of lower temperatures, like those of littoral depths at the northern end of its known range. Genus HAPLOSCOLOPLOS Monro, 1933 Haploscoloplos elongatus (Johnson) 1901 Scoloplos elongata Johnson, 1901, pp. 412-413, pl. 10, figs. 105-110. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 97-98, fig. 200. Hartman, 1957, pp. 273-275, pl. 26, figs. 1-11. 108 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Small specimens were taken in Santa Cruz and ‘Tanner Basins. The species attains its maximum size and abundance in shallow (about 25 fm) depths in southern California. Its geographic range extends north- ward to Alaska, in shallow littoral depths. Genus PHYLO Kinberg, 1866 Phylo nudus (Moore) 1911 Aricia nuda Moore, 1911, pp. 311-315, pl. 21, figs. 172-176. Hartman, 1957, p. 268. A specimen was taken in West Cortes Basin in 835 fms. The species was first described from the vicinity of San Diego, California, in 497 fms. It has been more widely recorded from Burma in 68 meters (Fauvel, 1932, p. 162). It may be regarded as a deep water form. Genus SCOLOPLOS Blainville, 1828 Scoloplos acmeceps profundus, new subspecies Scoloplos acmeceps Chamberlin, 1919a, pp. 15-16. Scoloplos acmeceps Hartman, 1957, pp. 282-283, pl. 30, figs. 1-7. Scoloplos armiger Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 34. The type of the new subspecies is from East Cortes Basin (Sta. 5943) in 899 fms; others are from different places in East Cortes and Long Basins and Patton escarpment. They differ from the stem species in details believed to have subspecific significance. Thoracic neuropodia are provided with spinigerous setae like those in notopodia. In addition, they have an inferior series of simple yellow falcigers nearly smooth along their free length except for slight serrations at the cutting edge. The prostomium is equitriangular in shape, plain, and lacks eyespots. The everted proboscis is a smooth sack. Branchiae are present from seg- ment 11 as simple, inconspicuous filaments, and so continued throughout the rest of the body. All parapodial lobes are unusually inconspicuous, and thus unlike those in the stem species. The subspecies differs from the stem in the following respects: bran- chiae are first present from segments 14 to 20 in the stem, and from segments 11 to 13 in the subspecies. The transition from thorax to abdomen occurs at segments 19 to 26 in the stem, and at segments 14 to 15 in the subspecies. The parapodia are moderately developed in the stem, and very obscure in the subspecies. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 109 Scoloplos acmeceps is known from Alaska south to western Mexico, in littoral zones, associated with algae and other plants. The subspecies profundus has been found only in the deeper parts of the basins, in sedi- ments of green silty muds. Genus CALIFIA Hartman, 1957 Califia calida Hartman, 1957 Hartman, 1957, pp. 306-308, pl. 42, figs. 1-3. Individuals were taken in West Cortes, East Cortes, San Clemente and Velero Basins. They agree with some coming from the deeper parts of the San Pedro slope, the type locality. The species may be regarded as typically a deep water or basin form. Family PARAONIDAE Nine species in + genera or subgenera are represented. They may be identified according to the following key. Key to species 1. Prostomium without a median antenna . . . . 2 I= Prostomium| with a median antenna {9 «. |. .' . 4 2. Branchiae number 28 to 36 pairs . Paraonis multibranchiata 2. Branchiae typically fewer than 20 pairs. . . . . 3 3. Prostomium without paired eyespots : Paraonis gracilis 3. Prostomium with a pair of eyespots Bey Nad re ea ey, ee Paraonis gracilis oculata 4. Prostomial antenna branched . . . Aricidea ramosa 4. Prostomial antenna simple, cirriform to very short . . 5 5. Postbranchial segments with spinelike hooks in notopodia 6 5. Postbranchial segments with spinelike hooks in neuropodia 7 6. Branchiae number about 15 pairs; body pale ‘ a cate Aricidea aciculata 6. Beanchis Aibes eee more than 30 pairs; body reddish brown or speckled . . . . . . Aricidea furcata 7. Prostomial antenna greatly prolonged; anterior thoracic region and prostomium pane depressed ; larger in size s : : Aricidea uschakovi is PpeseaaalW; antenna not eaten body not unusually broad apsdepressea smaller incsize:..ts slg ty! oo tao eet af 8 110 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS WOlwoe oO Branchiae increase in length posteriorly; posterior neuropodial hooks with a pointed hood . . . . Aricidea lopexi 8. Branchiae do not increase noticeably in length posteriorly ; pos- terior neuropodial hooks without a hood . Aricidea nr suecica Genus PARAONIS Grube, 1872 Paraonis gracilis (Tauber) 1879 Hartman, 1957, pp. 330-331, pl. 44, figs. 4, 5. This species is present in nearly all basins, and perhaps throughout the benthos of southern California, in sediments of fine silt. Specimens are usually so very small and slender that they can pass through sorting screens or even be overlooked in microscopic sorting. Specimens taken from the basins usually have branchiae present from the fifth parapodium and they number only 6 to 12 pairs. Paraonis gracilis is recorded from cosmopolitan areas (Hartman, 1957, p. 331) and it may be eurybathic as well. It occurs frequently in shallower bottoms of southern California (unpublished records). Paraonis gracilis oculata Hartman, 1957 Hartman, 1957, pp. 331-332, pl. 44, figs. 1-3. Specimens come largely from San Pedro, Santa Monica, Santa Cata- lina and Santa Cruz Basins and the San Diego trough. Like the stem species, they are smaller, have fewer than the typical numbers of bran- chiae. The prostomium has a pair of eyespots and so differs from that of the stem species found in the basins. This is known from eurybathic benthos of southern California. Paraonis multibranchiata Hartman, 1957 Hartman, 1957, pp. 332-333. ‘This species has been found only in Santa Barbara Basin. It is char- acterized by having branchiae present from the sixth setigerous segment and they number 26 or more pairs. Genus ARICIDEA Webster, 1879 Aricidea uschakovi Zachs, 1925 Hartman, 1957, p. 321, pl. 43, fig. 5. This species has been taken in most of the subsill parts of the basins and may be expected to be widely distributed throughout the northeast NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 111 Pacific Ocean. It is the largest of the paraonids and is characterized by a very long prostomial antenna and a large, 3-lobed prostomium. Bran- chiae are present from the third setigerous segment and number 12 to 26 pairs. The best represented sample comes from Santa Cruz Basin (Sta. 5925) with 25 specimens; another from San Clemente Basin (Sta. 5942) yielded 10; one from West Cortes Basin (Sta. 5940) contained 14 large individuals, and the outermost sample from Patton escarpment (Sta. 5938) contained 6. In southern California this species may have its greatest concentrations at basin depths; in shallower bottoms it is largely replaced by other species of the genus (see below). Aricidea nr. suecica Eliason, 1920 Hartman, 1957, pp. 319-320, pl. 43, fig. 7. Individuals come from Santa Barbara, San Pedro, Santa Catalina and West Cortes Basins; they usually number few to a sample and indi- viduals are smaller than those from shallower depths. Most have small pigmented eyespots at the posterior margin of the prostomium, or they are more or less faded to invisible. The species is more widely known from western Europe, southern California and western Mexico (Hart- man, 1957, p. 320). Aricidea lopezi Berkeley and Berkeley, 1956 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1956, p. 542, figs. 1-3. This was taken in San Pedro and West Cortes Basins and the Patton escarpment. Branchiae are first present from the fourth segment and number 17 to 18 pairs; they increase in length posteriorly, are thick at the base, and taper distally to a long, slender tip. In postbranchial seg- ments the neuropodia carry hooks that are distally knobbed and covered with a long pointed cap (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1956, figs. 1-3). This species has been found more abundantly on shelf and slope depths of southern California and was partly confused with Aricidea nr. suecica in an earlier report (Hartman, 1957, p. 319). From the latter it differs in being smaller, with an inflated instead of cylindrical thorax, and bran- chiae increase in length posteriorly instead of being uniformly large. Aricidea lopezi is known more widely from western Canada in about 10 fm depths. ly ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Subgenus AEDICIRA Hartman, 1957 Aricidea (Aedicira) ramosa Annenkova, 1934 Aricidea ramosa Annenkova, 1934, pp. 657-658, fig. 3A. Hartman, 1957, p. 327. Single specimens come from Santa Catalina and San Nicolas Basins. In each the prostomial antenna is dendritically branched as originally described. The species is more widely reported from Arctic seas in 44 to 2400 meters (Annenkova, 1934). Subgenus CIRROPHORUS Ehlers, 1908 Aricidea (Cirrophorus) aciculata Hartman, 1957 Hartman, 1957, pp. 323-324, pl. 43, fig. 4. Single specimens come from samples in San Nicolas and Tanner Basins. They are easily identified by the projecting acicular spines present in notopodia of postbranchial segments. ‘The specimens are pale and less than 10 mm long. The species is more widely known from shallower bottoms of southern California (Hartman, 1957, p. 324). Aricidea (Cirrophorus) furcata Hartman, 1957 Hartman, 1957, pp. 324-325, fig. 6. This species was found only in a sample from Long Basin but it may be expected in other, shoreward bottoms. It is easily distinguished from A. aciculata (see above) in that the body is red or rust-colored instead of white; branchiae are more numerous and furcate setae are conspicuous. Aside from the type locality in the San Pedro area, it has been more extensively collected on shelf and slope depths of southern California (unpublished records). Aricidea spp. A specimen from Patton escarpment has deep yellow pigment dis- persed over most of the body and the prostomium has eyespots. A posterior end from Tanner Basin has an anal end with a plaque. Both are too fragmented to characterize. Family SPIONIDAE Eight species in four genera have been identified. They may be recognized as follows: NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS’ 113 Key to species ~ Branchiae present ; : ei OTS Oe eee Pe Branchiae absent .. a 55 Fifth segment modified and neared it Hite oats eM ee ae Maret, Bo cal Polydora sp. Nizthstsegments nothmodined. (2 <1 Sa fo Ge oe SB Branchiae present on many segments . Laonice sacculata Branchiae limited to a few anterior segments . . . 4 All branchiae bipinnately divided (Plate 9, fig. 1) Prionospio pinnata oa Go bo . Py e W All branchiae cirriform . . . . ~ Prionospio cirrifera Branchiae partly pinnate, partly cirriform . Prionospio spp. Prostomium with laterally directed horns at anterior end ; 2 5 . . . Spiophanes anoculata Preceanl Sor eres directed thorns). : = =. 16 Prostomium with a median antenna inserted between palpal bases; genital spines present from neuropodium 15. . . : ; 2 =. ee 4. Sptophanes: fimbriata 6. Pcstontaia See a median antenna; Soe) spines present from neuropodium 10 . . . . °° Spiophanes pallidus ea ara) ON wn Genus LAONICE Malmgren, 1867 Laonice sacculata (Moore) 1923 Spionides sacculata Moore, 1923, pp. 184-185. A specimen from Santa Cruz Basin agrees with the original account in that the prostomium nearly lacks eyes and interramal pouches are first present from segment 30. Branchiae occur on setigerous segment 2 through about 50 segments. The dorsal transverse membranes are incon- spicuous except over the notopodial lobes. The type specimen, as Spionides sacculata, from Monterey Bay in 222 fms, has been reexamined. It measures about 57 mm long by 6 mm . across and is posteriorly incomplete. The prostomium nearly or altogether lacks eyes. Lateral parapodial pouches are present from setigerous segment 29-32. A narrow median nuchal ridge extends back from the prostomium to segment 24. Branchiae number about 55 pairs, after which they dimin- ish through another 10 segments and are absent from about segment 65. Hooded hooks are first present in neuropodia of segment 55; they replace most of the pointed setae and occur in transverse series; they are accom- 114 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL, 22 panied by one or 2 very long, curved, inferiormost genital spines which are finely puntate along their free length. Hooded hooks are distally bifid and have a rounded hood. Laonice sacculata differs from L. foliata (Moore, 1923, pp. 182-183), first described from the shallow benthos of California, chiefly by lacking, instead of having, prostomial eyes. It may best be considered a variety of L. foliata. Its known geographic range is limited to California. Genus PRIONOSPIO Malmgren, 1867 Prionospio pinnata Ehlers, 1901 (Plate 9, figs. 1-5) Ehlers, 1901, pp. 163-164. Prionospio alata Moore, 1923, pp. 185-186. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 30. This species was taken in Santa Catalina and Velero Basins; another questionable record from Tanner Basin is more completely discussed below (under Prionospio spp.). Many more collections of much larger individuals come from shallower shelf and slope depths of southern California, and in spite of superficial differences, they are believed to represent a single, widely distributed, eurybathic species. The original account by Ehlers (1901, p. 163) was based on a small individual from Chile, in 10 meters, in which 25 anterior segments measured 10.5 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide. It was described as follows: Prostomium a triangular lobe, without antenna or eyes, laterally enclosed by the upturned membranous wings of the peristomium. Palpi are long and each base has a broad foliaceous membrane. The first 5 segments have dorsal and ventral postsetal lobes in which the dorsal one is oval, distally pointed, and larger than the corresponding ventral one. On seg- ments 6 and 7 these lobes are smaller, and farther back they are increas- ingly reduced in size. Branchiae number 3 pairs, are very large (when not regenerated) and all are bipinnately divided. Neuropodial hooks are first present from the ninth segment. Tubes are thick and mud-walled. ‘These characteristics agree with those of Prionospio alata Moore (1923, p. 185) first described from off Point Pinos lighthouse in 56-57 fms, in sediments of coarse sand, shale and rock. Its type specimen meas- ured 29 mm long by 1.6 mm wide and consisted of 52 segments. The prostomium is about five times as long as wide, has blunt anterior end and lacks eyes and antenna. The peristomium is prolonged forward and NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 115 forms conspicuous thin wings at the sides of the prostomium. Branchiae number 3 pairs and are entirely bipinnate. The first parapodial segment is rudimentary and has few setae. The next 4 segments have conspicuous foliaceous lobes which are reduced farther back. Hooded hooks are present from about neuropodium 20, at first few in a fascicle, and within 5 segments replace about half of the pointed setae; they alternate with pointed setae through about segment 52. Specimens taken from basin and shelf depths of southern California agree with these accounts, but those from shallower bottoms are larger, usually have prostomial eyes, weakly to well developed, and are strikingly pigmented in life (those from basins are pale or translucent). The best pigmented specimens have 8 to 10 transverse bars of alternating black and yellow pigment on the branchial pinnae; this fades out in preserva- tives. A mud-walled or any other kind of tube has not been observed. The diagnostic characteristics, as herein defined, are illustrated in the accompanying figures (Plate 9, figs. 1-5) based on a specimen from the upper end of Redondo canyon (Sta. 2193 in Hartman, 1955, p. 45). The anterior end has 3 pairs of large, bipinnately divided branchiae (Plate 9, fig. 1). A ninth parapodium, in anterior view, shows the arrangement of setae, hooks and genital spines (Plate 9, fig. 2). ‘These spines are punctate along their free length (Plate 9, fig. 5). Hooded hooks are distally curved, have a large fang and are surmounted by: 4 teeth in 2 rows (Plate 9, figs. 3, 4). Prionospio pinnata has been reported from all major oceans and from shallow to eurybathyal depths (Fauvel, 1953, p. 324). In southern California its greatest concentrations are in shelf and slope depths and in sediments of olive-green silty muds. Prionospio nr. cirrifera Wiren, 1883 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 28-29, figs. 52, 53. Specimens come from San Pedro*and Santa Catalina Basins. A small one measures about 10 mm long by 1 mm wide. One has 6 pairs of slender, cirriform branchiae inserted on setigerous segments 2 to 7; another has 8 pairs of branchiae on setigerous segments 5 to 12, suggest- ing that a total of 11 pairs were originally present. The prostomium is broadest in front and approximately ‘[-shaped; it is dorsally depressed and lacks eyes. A caruncle extends back to the end of the first or second segment. The peristomium forms a pair of lateral lobes at the sides of the prostomium. 116 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 ‘The first segment is uniramous, provided with a pair of small neuro- podial fascicles. The first 17 segments have slender, distally pointed setae only. Thereafter, hooded hooks are present in neuropodia, at first only one or two in a series, accompanied by pointed setae. By segment 31 there are 5 or 6 hooks alternating with as many long setae. The hooks have an unusually small terminal hooked end, covered by a long, hyaline, distally rounded hood. These individuals differ from typical P. cirrifera Wirén (see Fauvel, 1927, p. 62, fig. 21) in their small size and reduction of prostomial eyes. ‘The species is more widely known from arctic and boreal seas, and has been recovered from shallower seabottoms of southern California (un- published records). Prionospio spp. A small specimen from Tanner Basin (Sta. 6346) with 56 anterior segments, measures 24 mm long. The peristomium lacks lateral wings. ‘The prostomium has two minute eyes near its mid-length; it is widest at its anterior margin and forms a narrow caruncle extending back to segment 3. Branchiae number 3 pairs; the first are smaller and slenderer than the others and clearly bipinnate; the second and third pairs are much larger, broader and heavily fimbriated along their lateral margins, but not bipinnate. Notopodial postsetal lobes of the first 5 segments are distally pro- longed as thin, tapering lobes, with those of the second and third pairs the largest and longest. On the next few segments the postsetal lobe is still large and triangular, but it diminishes abruptly within a few more segments. Neuropodial hooks are first present at segment 18, at first one or two in a fascicle; they increase in number gradually to 10-12, alternat- ing with pointed setae, accompanied by a ventralmost genital spine. Another specimen from Patton escarpment (Sta. 5937) also lacks prostomial eyes or they are obscure black specks fading on preservation. Three pairs of branchiae occur on setigerous segments 3 to 5; another pair might have occurred on segment 2, bringing the total to 4 pairs. All but the last pair are thick, tapering and heavily ciliated along the outer edge; the last are pinnately divided only along the outer edge. Neuropodial hooks are present from segment 21; they gradually increase in number to form transverse series in posterior segments, where they are accompanied by alternating pointed setae and a ventralmost geniculate spine. This individual may be compared with Prionospio nova Annenkova (1938) from North Japan Sea in 5-15 meters, which was described from NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 117 a short anterior end of 19 segments measuring only 8.0 mm long; it has all branchiae cirriform but the last, which are pinnate only along an outer edge. Postsetal lobes of anterior segments are broad at the base and taper to slender tips, and neuropodial hooks are not present before seg- ment 19. The specimens from Tanner Basin and Patton escarpment are char- acterized by having both pinnate and cirriform branchiae. Genus SPIOPHANES Grube, 1860 Spiophanes fimbriata Moore, 1923 Moore, 1923, pp. 179-182. Hartman, 1941, p. 290. Laonice sacculata Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 52. Numerous specimens were taken in San Pedro, San Nicolas, West Cortes, Velero and Tanner Basins. Largest individuals measure about 22 mm long by 2.8 mm wide and consist of 40 or more segments. The prostomium is depressed triangular, lacks eyes or has 2 to 4 very weakly developed small spots. There is a long, slender occipital antenna. The dorsal fimbriated folds are prominent on segments 24 to 29. Lateral, interramal pouches are present from about segment 25 and continue back through many segments. Neuropodial hooks are first present at segment 15-19, and genital spines from segment 15,.as a single, sickle-shaped, ventralmost seta. The palpi are unique for having a double crenulated border along their entire length except at the thick base. The anal end terminates in a circlet of 12 long, slender filaments, some of which are bifurcated at the free end. The first 4 notopodial pairs are elevated above the others and have a long, triangular, distally tapering postsetal lobe. The first setiger has a large, recurved spine at the inferior end of the setal fascicle, its tip directed down and back. Similar spines, decreasing in size, are present through more posterior segments. Hooded hooks are tridentate, with the 3 teeth in a straight row. Spiophanes fimbriata approaches S. cirrata Sars, reported from west- ern Canada (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 24), except that the latter has the frontal margin of the prostomium laterally prolonged and there are 4 large black eyespots; the nuchal ridge extends farther back than in S. fimbriata. The latter is known only from southern California, in mod- erate and basin depths. 118 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLE2e Spiophanes anoculata, new species Spiophanes, unknown sp., Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 47. This species comes from Santa Catalina Basin (Sta. 4742), San Nicolas Basin (Sta. 5931) and Patton escarpment. Specimens are small, measure less than 15 mm long. The prostomium is triangular, broadest in front, and has a pair of long, slender lateral processes or horns at the frontal margin. There are no eyes or several inconspicuous dark specks are visible at the sides, between the palpal bases. A median antenna is lacking. Long, brown, diverging nuchal organs arise from behind the palpal bases and are continued through 2 segments; they are conspicuous in fresh specimens but fade on preservation. The first segment is biramous; its notopodium is reduced to a slender, papillar lobe closely appressed to the front of the neuropodium. It is provided with a small fascicle of very long, slender setae. The neuro- podium is much larger, has a triangular postsetal lobe slightly larger than that of the next segment, and a spreading fascicle of many long, pointed setae and a thick, sharply curved, brassy yellow geniculate spine. Neuropodial postsetal lobes of segments one to five are thin and folia- ceous; thereafter they are increasingly fleshy and become thick and pad- like through 9 segments. These have conspicuously colored glandular areas (red in fresh specimens, faded in older ones). Neuropodial hooded hooks are first present from the postglandular region, or segment 15. Postsetal lobes of anterior segments are broad and triangular, while those of postglandular segments are slender and cirri- form. Spiophanes anoculata differs from other species of the genus in having prostomial horns, and eyes absent or nearly so; the first segment is very unequally biramous, with the notopodium reduced to a papilla. The first 5 segments differ from the next 9 in having foliaceous parapodial lobes. This is known only from the outer series of basins and the Patton escarpment ; it is considered a deep water or basin form. Spiophanes pallidus, new species (Plate 10, figs. 1, 2) The type is from East Cortes Basin (Sta. 5943); others are from San Clemente and questionably San Nicolas Basins. Length is 11.3 mm for 24 anterior segments. The prostomium is broadly T-shaped, lacks lateral horns and is broadest at its frontal margin; it extends posteriorly between the palpal bases and narrows to a caruncle extending back to the NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD! BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 119 end of the second setigerous segment ; there is no occipital antenna (Plate 10, fig. 1). Eyes are absent or obscure as a pair of spots located at the sides, between the palpal bases. Notopodial postsetal lobes are very con- spicuous from the first segment as large, broadly foliose lobes behind the setal fascicle; they are similar through 14 segments but those of the first 6 segments are largest, distally acuminate and they decrease in size poster- iorly. These lobes have a broad base continued across the middorsum as a dorsal fimbriated organ. The first 9 segments have only slender, distally pointed setae in both notopodia and neuropodia; the fascicles are full and tufted. A thick, slightly curved genital spine is present in inferiormost position of the series from neuropodium 10, and one or two such spines occur in all seg- ments farther back. Hooded hooks are first present at segment 20-22, accompanied by longer, distally pointed setae and a ventralmost genital spine. They number 6 to 8 in a transverse series; distally they have a large fang surmounted by a tuft of slender spines in spreading series (Plate 10, fig. 2). Spiophanes pallidus differs from other species of the genus in having a T-shaped prostomium without lateral horns or antenna; eyes are nearly or altogether absent. he anteriormost postsetal lobes of notopodia are foliaceous and continued across the middorsum as transverse fimbriated organs. The species has been recovered only in East Cortes, San Clemente and questionably San Nicolas Basins; it is thus considered a basin form. Spiophanes spp. Specimens perhaps attributable to one or the other of the species named above come from other outer basins; they are too fragmentary to assign specifically. Additional collections are needed to characterize them. Genus POLYDORA Bosc, 1802 Polydora spp. Small, juvenile, immature or vegetative (non-reproductive) indi- viduals come from several stations in San Pedro Basin; they may repre- sent species more typically occurring in shallower bottoms of the shelf or slope. Species of this genus are usually shelf forms. 120 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Family MAGELONIDAE Genus MAGELONA Miller, 1858 Magelona pacifica Monro, 1933 Monro, 1933, pp. 1048-1049, fig. 2. Hartman, 1944, p. 320. A specimen questionably referred to this species comes from Santa Catalina Basin. The prostomium has frontal horns. The first 8 thoracic notopodia have a dorsal cirrus, located above a foliaceous notosetal lamella; the corresponding ventral lamella is much smaller. In abdominal segments the postsetal lobe is large, broad and lanceolate. The species has been taken more frequently from shallower benthos of southern California; it is more typically a shelf and slope species. It has a known geographic distribution that extends south to Panama, in shallow depths. Magelona sp. Two specimens from Patton escarpment are unique for having a rose-colored pigment forming a collar behind the prostomium and extend- ing to the first setigerous parapodia. ‘he prostomium lacks frontal horns. Dorsal and ventral cirri are long, distally tapering through the first 8 segments, but surpassed by the setal tips. Ihe modified setae of the ninth segment are abruptly longer than others but similar in shape. Family CHAETOPTERIDAE Genus PHYLLOCHAETOPTERUS Grube, 1863 Phyllochaetopterus prolifica Potts, 1914 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 63-64, figs. 131, 132. A fragment comes from Santa Catalina Basin. This is typically a shallow water species, especially abundant on rocky or rubbly bottoms. The tubes are typically long, cylindrical, more or less opaque, and irregu- larly sinuous. It has a known geographic distribution extending from western Canada to southern California. It is seldom in depths beyond 250 fms. Phyllochaetopterus limicolus, new species (Plate 10, figs. 3-5) Many collections are available; they come from muddy bottoms of nearly all basins and the San Diego trough. The type was selected from NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 121 sill depth between San Pedro and Santa Monica Basins in about 450 fm depth, in sediments of fine green mud. Tubes are long, cylindrical, translucent, unbranched, and limp to somewhat stiff. When empty they resemble pale, yellowish-green algal strands or soaked straws. They are not annulated or only vaguely so and measure 250 mm or more long. The enclosed animals are much shorter, about 20 mm long and 2 to 3.5 mm wide. Most specimens are recovered in fragmented pieces, the breaks occurring usually behind the thoracic and in abdominal segments. The body consists of 3 regions, a short anterior one with 9 setigerous segments, a median one with only 2 segments, and a posterior one with many segments. These regions are best marked by the character of the parapodia. In the anterior region they have conspicuous notopodial lobes with setae in vertical projecting series. The fourth notopodium has a single heavy dark spine in either side. Notopodia of the middle region are frilled, deeply bilobed and extend across the middorsum as a delicate transverse fold. The posterior or third body region has inconspicuous parapodial lobes (Plate 10, fig. 3). Notopodia are slender, cylindrical, and neuropodia are low, divided transverse ridges. The dorsum of the anterior region is flat and broader than the rest of the body. The large peristomium extends well forward and obscures the much smaller prostomium, which is visible as a small, blunt lobe between the palpal bases; it lacks eyes. The long, paired grooved palpi are inserted at the sides of the transverse oral slit, and within the bases of the first pair of notopodia. Immediately behind and at the sides are small, cylindrical paired antennae; they are shorter than the prostomium is wide. On the ventral side of the body the peristomial ring and the first 2 setigerous segments are chalky white or pale. A dark tawny or brown band extends across the third to fifth segments; this is followed by a chalky white patch extending from between segments 6 to 8; thereafter the body is greenish or dark grayish green. The parapodia of the first 4 segments are directed laterally; there- after they are slenderer and directed dorsally. The first pair are smaller than others of the thorax; there is a gradual increase in size through 9 anterior segments. Each notopodium has a transverse fascicle of limbate setae in which the uppermost are slenderest and the inferiormost are shortest and broadest; they terminate in pointed tips. In addition, the 122 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOES22 fourth has a heavy brown spine (Plate 10, fig. 4) in which a heavy core extends through the distal end. The 2 segments of the middle region (=segments 10 and 11) are short and have aliform parapodial processes. The first one conceals much of the dorsal side of the ninth segment, and the second one partly covers the one in front. Their notopodia are deeply trilobed, foliaceous, and the uppermost lobe carries the deeply embedded acicular setae and extends across the middorsum as a thin membranous fold. The aliform lobes of segment 10 are broader though slightly shorter than those of 11, but similar in other respects. In both these segments, the upper and lower- most lobes are the largest and the smaller, middle lobe is a lateral process originating from the uppermost. A heavy flange of cilia separates the uppermost from the lower division. A small round lobe or lateral organ, separates the notopodium from the ventrolateral neuropodium. The uncini are in transverse series, number nearly a hundred in a parapodium. Each is a thin, approximately triangular plate with a finely dentate margin in which the serrations number about 50 and the basal tooth is the largest (Plate 10, fig. 5). The third body region differs abruptly from the second one in having parapodia consisting of slender, erect notopodia and low, transverse neuropodia without winglike processes. The first is only slightly longer than the second segment and others are similar to the second. The tall, slender notopodia are at the level of greatest constriction between suc- cessive segments, and the transversely divided neuropodial ridges are on the ventral side of the inflated part of the segment. Notopodia are directed dorsolaterally and terminate in a small knob; they are penetrated by 2 or 3 slender rodlike setae which project from the tip for a short distance. Neuropodia consist of low ridges with transverse series of uncini like those in middle segments, but smaller. Phyllochaetopterus limicolus differs from other species of the genus, in which the middle region of the body consists of only 2 segments and the modified fourth segment has single large spines, in that the anterior region consists of only 9 segments. It has been found most abundantly in San Pedro and Santa Monica Basins, associated with a serpulid, Protis pacifica (see below), and a pelecypod, Cyclopecten zephyrus Grau, but the largest or best developed specimens occur at sill depths or above. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 123 Genus TELEPSAVUS Costa, 1861 Telepsavus costarum Claparede, 1870 Fauvel, 1927, p. 82, fig. 28. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 63, figs. 127-130. A few small fragments were taken in San Pedro and Santa Cruz Basins. This is more typically a shallow water species, known from cosmopolitan areas. It is characterized by a very slender, translucent, neatly annulated tube measuring 1 to 2 mm across and 100 mm or more long. The modified fourth segment has a single large dark spine on either side. In southern California, Telepsavus costarum reaches its greatest concentrations on shelf and upper slope depths, in sediments of sandy silts. Family CIRRATULIDAE Six species in 4 genera are represented ; they may be identified accord- ing to the following key. Key to species 1. Long tentacular filaments (=branchiae) numerous . . 2 1. With a single tentacle inserted anteromedially . Cossura spp. 2. Setae entirely slender, limbate and distally pointed . . 3 2. Setae partly acicular or spinelike’ =... . . . a, Sees 3. Body larger, not moniliform, inhabiting tubes (Plate HH, fig. 1) en) cade i Sk Wieew ly ob ircdle os Cree Tharyx tesselata 3. Body smaller, moniliform (Plate 12, fig. 2), without tubes Siar eeelin De oeeuiN ee sepsis Tharyx monilaris 4, Neuropodial spines distally entire and acicular . . . 5 4. Neuropodial spines vee finely serrated oy a P ‘ Caulleriella gracilis 5. Ne peadiall spines not Atl before middle region of body; prostomium usually without eyes . . Chaetozone spinosa 5. Neuropodial spines first present at segment 24 and notopodial spines from about segment 64 . Chaetozone nr. spinosa 5. Neuropodial spines present in most or all body segments; pro- stomium with or without eyespots . . Chaetozone corona Discussion—Three closely related genera, Chaetozone, Caulleriella and Tharyx, are represented in the basins in considerable numbers of individuals. They usually come up as fragments from deep grabs and are to be distinguished from one another only by examination of micro- 124 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 scopic parts. Species of these three genera are characterized by having a pair of long palpi inserted on the dorsal side and in front of the first parapodial segment; the palpi are usually broken off near the base in collected samples. Branchiae number no more than a single pair to a segment, when present, and are inserted near the notopodial base; these too may be missing in preserved collections. In species of Tharyx all setae are distally pointed and hairlike. In Chaetozone the acicular spines of posterior parapodia tend to form transverse rows encircling the seg- ments (resembling cinctures) ; whereas in species of Caulleriella the acicular fascicles are more widely separated from one another medially. Lacking posterior segments of any of these, the species can either be confounded or unidentifiable. The interpretations indicated below are largely based on specimens considered nearly or altogether entire. Genus CHAETOZONE Malmgren, 1867 Chaetozone spinosa Moore, 1903 Moore, 1903, pp. 468-470, pl. 26, figs. 73, 84. Okuda, 1939, p. 238, fig. 11. Specimens come from San Pedro, Santa Catalina, Tanner, West Cortes, San Clemente and Long Basins and from Patton escarpment. ‘They measure only about half as large, or less than, those first described from Sagami Bay, Japan, in 305 meters; these were 65 mm long by 5 mm wide and consisted of 112 segments. The prostomium is pointed in front and lacks eyes. Acicular spines are first present from about segment 70, and in far posterior segments they form complete paired series so that separation between notopodium and neuropodium is obscured; there is, however, a broad middorsal and a midventral space. Acicular spines are yellow, slightly curved and dis- tally entire. Two specimens from Patton escarpment (Sta. 5937) differ from typical ones in that neuropodial spines are first present at segment 24, and in notopodia at segment 64. The parapodial spines in posterior seg- ments encircle the body. They are acicular, slightly curved and distally entire. Chaetozone spinosa is known from both sides of the north Pacific Ocean, in moderate to basin depths. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 125 Chaetozone ?corona Berkeley and Berkeley, 1941 Chaetozone spinosa corona Berkeley and Berkeley, 1941, pp. 45-46. Hartman, 1955, p. 171. This species was collected in San Pedro, Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz Basins. These individuals differ from those taken from shallower depths (Hartman, 1955, p. 171) in that prostomial eyes are nearly or altogether lacking. Yellow acicular spines, alternating with slender longer capillary setae, are present in neuropodia and notopodia from the first or second segment and continue throughout the rest of the body. C. corona differs from C. spinosa (see above) in being larger, paler, and having parapodial spines in anterior segments instead of lacking them. C. corona is elevated to specific rank for this reason. The species is more abundantly present in shallower bottoms of southern California and has been previously recorded from the San Pedro area (Hartman, 1955). Genus CAULLERIELLA Chamberlin, 1919 Caulleriella gracilis (Moore) 1923 Tharyx gracilis Moore, 1923, p. 187. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1950, p. 57. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 37. This species was taken only in Santa Catalina Basin. Many more come from shallower slope and shelf depths of southern California (un- published records). Length of mature specimens is 29 mm and width about 1 mm. Segments number about 110. The body is slender, barrel- shaped in front through about 40 segments, then slenderer, with trans- verse grooves marking the segmental intervals. The tail end tapers pos- teriorly. The prostomium is acutely pointed, longer than wide, and lacks eyes. Palpi are inserted dorsally, on the first setigerous segment and immediately above and in front of the first parapodial pairs. Branchiae are numerous, inserted immediately above and slightly behind the notopodial papillae; they are first present as a single pair on the first parapodial segment. Notopodial setae are slender and capillary in anterior segments. In postmedian segments they are partly replaced by 2 or 3 thicker, acicular spines. Neuropodial setae are in transverse series of 7 to 12; they are thicker and shorter than the corresponding notopodial setae and alternate with blunt, acicular spines. Highly magni- 126 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS vObuL2 fied, they are distally slightly curved and terminate in a tip with 3 or more shallow serrations. Caulleriella gracilis was first described off Santa Catalina Island in over 2000 fms. It is more widely distributed in shallow bottoms of western Canada (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1950) and southern California. Genus THARYX Webster and Benedict, 1887 Tharyx tesselata, new species (Plate 11, figs. 1-4) Numerous specimens were taken in San Pedro, Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, East Cortes and Long Basins and from Patton escarpment and San Diego trough. The type was selected from Sta. 5563, 13 miles from Point Conception light, in a depth of 39 fms, sediments of green mud. Many other specimens come from other shelf and slope depths of southern California. Length of a larger specimen is 50-55 mm; width is 2 to 2.5 mm; segments number 200 or more and are closely crowded. The prostomium is long triangular and lacks eyes. The first 3 segments form the buccal region; they are smooth complete rings without parapodia or setae. The first 33 setigerous segments are very short and crowded ; they have lateral biramous parapodia in which notopodia and neuropodia are separated by a short distance, about equal to that of the length of the setal ridge. In many specimens, the long paired palpi are broken off near the base; their place of attachment is in the segmental groove preceding the first setigerous segment, in dorsolateral position and above the notopodial position (Plate 11, fig 2). The branchiae are long lateral filaments, emerging from the body wall directly above the notopodial base; there are never more than a pair to a segment and they occur irregularly, so that one or both of a pair are absent from some segments. Notopodial setae are very long, slender, hairlike; they occur in full dense tufts through anterior and middle regions of the body and diminish in number and length in far posterior segments. ‘The accompanying neuro- podial setae are shorter and fewer in number in median and posterior segments, where they are also slightly geniculate and distinctly serrated at the cutting edge (Plate 11, fig. +). In posterior parapodia the upper fascicle of setae includes about 10 to 15, and the lower one about 10 to 12. In preserved individuals the posterior end of the body is characteristi- cally inflated (Plate 11, fig. 3) and terminates in a constricted pygidial ring with dorsal anal pore. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 127 Mature, ovigerous individuals are frequently taken in a closely adher- ing mucoid tube with tesselated lateral processes, through the ends of which the branchial filaments extend. hese tubes extend the full length of the body or beyond, and the anterior end of the body seems to be extensile from it (Plate 11, fig. 1). Immature stages have thin, less developed mucoid sheaths which are easily torn away. The specific name refers to the character of the tube. Tharyx tesselata may be compared with Tharyx sp. Berkeley and Berkeley (1941, p. 45) from southern California, which it resembles in the character of the neuropodial setae with serrated blade. However, in the latter the anterior achaetous region has 4 segments and the fifth seg- ment is the first setigerous. T. tesselata is one of the most abundant species of polychaetes in the basins of southern California, as well as on the slope and shelf. Tharyx monilaris, new species (Plate 12, figs. 1, 2) Specimens so identified come from Santa. Catalina, Tanner and questionably San Nicolas and Long Basins. The species is described from specimens from shallower depths, where it is expected to have its most abundant distributions. The type is selected from Sta. 4723, off Newport Beach, in 128 fms, silt. It is ovigerous and probably mature. The body is very slender, moniliform in most of its length, and measures about 18 mm long. Other similarly developed individuals are somewhat smaller or larger but all are distinctly moniliform in median and posterior seg- ments. Segments number 100 or more. The prostomium is acutely pointed triangular; a pair of spots near its base and at the sides, may represent eyespots. Ihe buccal region is inflated, resembling the far posterior end in which the segments are closely crowded and also inflated (Plate 12, fig. 1). Parapodia are lateral throughout, with setal fascicles emerging from a slightly elevated parapodial papilla. All setae are slender, distally pointed, hairlike; neuropodial setae are shorter than the corresponding dorsal ones but otherwise similar. The lateral branchiae are inserted adjacent to the notopodial lobe. In ovigerous segments they are near the posterior end of the segment, behind the inflated region. The first 15 setigerous segments are short and closely crowded. Abruptly thereafter they are longer and cylindrical to beadlike. A fully mature, epitokous individual from Sta. 5586, 10.3 mi from 128 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Santa Barbara Point Light, in 37 fms, in sediments of green clay, shows the maximum development of ovigerous development, and the relations of setae and branchiae (Plate 12, fig. 2). It is possible that individual segments are shed as ova mature, and that gonadial development pro- ceeds more anteriorly. Tharyx monilaris is at once distinguishable from other species of the genus by its small size; setae are entirely slender and hairlike; both anterior and posterior ends are inflated, and median body segments are moniliform. It has been found generally distributed in shelf, slope and basin sediments, and is often present with TJ. tesselata (unpublished records). Genus COSSURA Webster and Benedict, 1887 Cossura candida Hartman, 1955 Hartman, 1955b, pp. 44-45, pl. 1, figs. 1-5. Many collections come from San Pedro, Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas, San Clemente, East Cortes and Velero Basins, and from San Diego trough. The single median tentacle is inserted on the third setigerous segment. The species is more widely known from shallower ocean bottoms off southern California. Cossura sp. A small dark red specimen was taken in Santa Catalina Basin and a similar one in San Nicolas Basin. Both lack posterior ends; their specific determination is not possible. Family FLABELLIGERIDAE Three species in three genera are represented; they are distinguish- able according to the following key. Key to species 1. Setae of first several segments form a cephalic cage Ba Nr Pherusa sp. ile Without a etait: cage. =u. <) OWA Oe, 2. Surface epithelium smooth; some setae fiseenaus (Plate 14, hig. 1) : ‘ . . Brada glabra 2. Surface epithelium Fede eae (Plate 13, fig. 1); setae distally pointed (Plate 13, fig.2) . . Ilyphagus ilyvestis NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 129 Genus PHERUSA Oken, 1807 Pherusa sp. Small or fragmented specimens, presumably vegetative stages, come from San Pedro and Santa Catalina Basins. The surface epithelium is lightly papillated and the long setae of the first few segments form a cephalic cage. They may be representatives of one or more of the several species known to occur in shallower ocean bottoms off southern Cali- fornia. Genus BRADA Stimpson, 1854 Brada glabra, new species (Plate 14, figs. 1, 2) The type specimen is from San Nicolas Basin (Sta. 6341) and others are from San Nicolas and Santa Catalina Basins and from Patton escarp- ment. More numerous individuals were taken in shallower sea bottoms of southern California (unpublished records). Specimens are sometimes recovered from dead Cadulus (scaphopod ) shells in which they lie in a nearly straight position, surrounded by silt. The body is slightly depressed cylindrical, widest at the anterior three- fifths and abruptly narrower in the posterior two-fifths. It tapers grad- ually posteriorly but both anterior and posterior ends are bluntly rounded, with the anterior end turned ventrally and the posterior directed dor- sally. There is no cephalic cage. The type measures 6 mm long by 0.6 mm wide and consists of 33 setigerous segments. Some measure to 8 mm long and are somewhat larger, but most are smaller. Segmental lines are visible externally but there are no constrictions and there is no separation into body regions. The surface epithelium is smooth, without any papillae, and the parapodial ridges are visible only as papillae from which the setal fascicles project. The midventrum is marked by a longitudinal shallow groove which indicates the location-of the neural cord. The prostomium is a small rounded lobe without eyes or visible ap- pendages. It is followed by the first setigerous segment, which is narrower and has shorter setae than those following. All parapodia are biramous, with the rami widely separated from each other. A small subspherical interramal papilla is located near the dorsal ramus and present in all parapodial segments. Anterior setae are mainly slenderer, distally pointed, numbering 2 or 3 in a ramus. The dorsal and ventral ones resemble one another. In 130 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL ile median segments the innermost one is replaced by a thick, falcate spine (Plate 14, fig. 1) accompanied by a long, slender seta like those in anterior segments. In far posterior segments, the setal ridges are gradually shoved dorsolaterally from a strict lateral position. A pair surround the broad, dorsally directed terminal anal pore. The parapodia of the last 3 segments are similar to others except that the spines are thicker (Plate 14, fig. 2), forming an anal armature. Brada glabra differs from other species of the genus in totally lacking epithelial papillae, except for the interramal one. Parapodia are reduced to setal ridges from which the spinelike setae project. It is known only from southern California, in moderate to basin depths, and in sediments of silt. Genus ILYPHAGUS Chamberlin, 1919 Ilyphagus ilyvestis, new species (Plate 13, figs. 1-3) Two specimens were taken in Long Basin (Sta. 6351). They grossly resemble a gray, flat, compacted and elongated mudcake. They measure to 14 mm long by 6.2 mm wide. The general shape is reminiscent of a very flat Brada, densely clothed above and below with very long, slender papillae; these are thickly coated with mud for half their length and exposed at the distal ends. The body is truncate in front and broadly rounded behind (Plate 13, fig. 1) ; it lacks a cephalic cage. The prostomial parts are fully retracted and could not be distinguished by dissection. The parapodial parts, largely obscured by the densely mud-coated papil- lae, seem to be inconspicuous low mounds from which the setal fascicles project in biramous arrangement. The number of segments has not been accurately determined but may not exceed 40. Parapodial fascicles are lateral, visible as glistening white or straw- colored, very fine, slender, distally pointed hairs; there are no falcigers or hooks of any kind. Seen under high magnification, they are closely cross- barred for all or most of their length, with the bars wider than long and similar throughout the area of barring. Neuropodial setae are coarser and fewer than notopodial ones; in the posterior half of the body they number about 5 in a fascicle. Each is a simple rod, expanded subdistally to a bladelike part and tapering to a slender filament (Plate 13, fig. 2). Notopodial setae are about twice as numerous, extend farther distally, and are slenderer, similarly cross-barred and taper distally to long slender ends (Plate 13, fig. 3). NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS’ 131 Ilyphagus Chamberlin was erected for 3 species, all originating in deep water. J. bythincola Chamberlin (1919b, p. 402) was taken off western Mexico in 1380 fms; J. ascendens Chamberlin (1919b, p. 403) off the Galapagos Islands in 633 fms, and I. pluto Chamberlin (1919b, p. 403) off Peru in 2845 fms. The types are in the United States Na- tional Museum, where they have been reexamined. They agree with one another mainly in that they are densely coated with long papilla en- crusted with gray mud. The setae are long, slender and distally entire; all are cross-barred along their free lengths. None of the specimens has the cephalic structures extended and all are too brittle to dissect. I. bythincola, the genotype, is a very flat, depressed, solelike form; it is oval in shape, broadly rounded at either end and measures to 50 mm long. Neuropodial setae are much coarser than notopodial ones and they taper distally, terminating in a long, fine, straight or slightly curved tip. On the holotype specimen, most of the setae have been broken off at the base, but those that remain are as originally described. Parapodia are lateral or ventrolateral in position. Neuropodial setae are about four and a half times as thick as notopodial setae but a little less than half as long. The annulations of notopodial setae, near the tip, are about as wide as long, and increase to five times as wide as long at the base. In neuropodial setae the proportions differ in that the bars are two and a half times as wide as long near the tip, and about five times as wide as long at the base. All setae have distal tips that are slender and pointed. I. ascendens is similarly thickly covered with papillae on dorsal and ventral sides, encrusted with mud to near the tips of the papillae. The general shape of the body is that of a slightly depressed cucumber meas- uring 55 mm long. A pair of conspicuous parapodia at the anterior end, dorsolateral in position, retains a very long seta that extends distally, back to the end of the body; bases of other setae, perhaps similar, form an oblique series numbering about 6 on a side, with the medialmost in posterior position and gradually extending forward to the outermost setae. Ihe setae of this first segment are the longest and thickest of any retained on the specimens. This feature sets the species apart from others ascribed to the genus. All other setal fascicles can be seen only in ventral view of the body. The neuropodial ridges form paired series of trans- verse rows, at first in longitudinal series with the first parapodium (best seen in frontal view of the body) and gradually approaching medially to form nearly semicircular series at the posterior end of the body. These 132 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLW2e setal ridges are about as far from those of the pair as the distance from the ridge to the sides of the body. Typical notopodial setae are very fine, short, pale, and as first de- scribed. Neuropodial setae are dark brown, with the anterior ones much coarser than the posterior (based on the setal stumps which alone remain on the specimens). I. pluto bears no resemblance to the other two species except that it too is covered with long slender papillae thickly coated with clay silt, forming balls around the papillar filaments. The body is subcylindrical in shape, abruptly narrowed at one end and truncate at the other; it measures 42 mm long by 11.5 mm wide. A most unique feature is the circlet of 20 fleshy processes surrounding a flat cone with a pore near the center. Each process is a tricuspidate structure, with a double row of three elevations in quadrate arrangement, and the outer side slightly wider than the inner one. The surface epithelium, medially beyond this papillated end, is flaccid for about a fourth of the length of the body, and thereafter abruptly heavily papillated. The other end of the body tapers to a narrowed region with a pore at the subdistal end. I have been unable to distinguish which pore is anterior and which posterior. Cham- berlin (1919, p. 403) considered the papillar end anterior and thus oral. The setae, now all lost, were described as long, heavy, flattened along their length and moderately curved at the tip. I. hirsutus Monro (1937, p. 304) was described from the South Arabian Sea in 3385 meters. It is shaped like an Echiurus and is densely covered with long, cirriform papillae. Segmentation is revealed only by the serial arrangement of the setal bundles. I. coronatus Monro (1939, p. 130) was named from the Antarctic Ocean in 1266 meters. It measures 42 mm long and 7 mm wide for 18 setigerous segments. The body is flaccid and sacklike, externally covered with long, cirriform papillae, and coated with mud. A cephalic cage is formed by setae of the first setigerous segment and these setae are about half as long as the body. The setae of the second segment are also pro- longed and form part of the cage. This species has a pair of massive grooved palpi and about 10 thick, cylindrical branchiae (extruded from the oral cavity). Notopodial setae are slender, cross-barred and capillary. Neuropodial setae are shorter, thicker and obliquely striated, and end in long, tapering tips; some are ornamented with rows of thick hairs near the tips. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 133 As currently known, these species comprise the genus J/yphagus. It is at once clear that they may be less closely related to one another than indicated. I. coronatus alone is said to have a cephalic cage. I. pluto has a unique circlet of papillae, lacking in all of the others. J. ascendens diverges from the others in having its parapodial ridges on the ventral side of the body. J. bythincola and JI. ilyvestis are flat and depressed ; I. ascendens is less depressed, and I. pluto, I. coronatus and I. hirsutus are subcylindrical in shape. In most the cephalic structures are either not known or only incompletely so. All of the species are known only from abyssal depths and limited to the eastern Pacific Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Antarctic Ocean. Family SCALIBREGMIDAE Genus SCALIBREGMA Rathke, 1843 Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 58, figs. 119-121. Fragments come from San Pedro and Long Basins. They are atypical in that the parapodial bases are prolonged and cylindrical, whereas in specimens from shelf and slope depths of southern California they are short. The species has a known cosmopolitan distribution, chiefly in shelf and slope bottoms of moderate depths. | Family OPHELIIDAE Genus OPHELIA Savigny, 1818 Ophelia sp. Small, immature or vegetative stages were taken in Santa Catalina, San Nicolas and East Cortes Basins. They measure only a few mm long. ‘They may be representatives of the cosmopolitan O. limacina (Rathke), well known from shallower depths of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Genus AMMOTRYPANE Rathke, 1843 Ammotrypane pallida, new species (Plate 14, fig. 3) The type lot with 2 specimens comes from San Nicolas Basin in 400 fms (Sta. 3031). One is ovigerous and has proboscis and nuchal organs 134 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL..22 fully everted. It measures 14 mm long, about one mm wide and consists of 27 setigerous segments; there is no anal tube. Another specimen from Long Basin measures 22 mm long and also has 27 segments. It resembles those of the first lot except that pharynx, nuchal organs, and palpode are not extended. The prostomium is longer than wide, conical, and terminates in front in a slender, conical or elongated palpode; there are no eyespots. The mouth is at the posterior ventral position, in line with the nuchal organs and midventral. This region is set off from the first segment by a trans- verse line but no segmental groove. The first parapodial segment is the first visible one; it has lateral parapodia which are smaller than those on successive segments. Others increase gradually in size and resemble short, papillar lobes from which the long setal fascicles extend. The last 4 para- podial segments are shorter, somewhat crowded, and followed by an anal ring with a dorsal anal pore; there are no anal cirri or tube. Branchiae are present from the second parapodial pairs to the fifth last segment and number 22 pairs. They are long, slender, cirriform processes throughout (Plate 14, fig. 3). A broad, neural groove extends throughout the length of the body; it is bounded on either side by ridges marking the strong muscular bands. Setae are entirely slender, hairlike and project from the parapodia in sparse, laterally directed fascicles. In the type specimen, and seen by dissection in other specimens, the pharynx is observed to be a smooth, ventrally directed epithelial pouch adorned with a series of 16 long cirri arranged in a semicircle (Plate 14, fig. 3). This feature may distinguish the species from others of the genus. The posterior region contains large ova, seen through the surface epithelium. A. pallida resembles 4. galatheae Kirkegaard (1956, p. 71) from the Banda trench in 7250-7290 meters; both lack an anal tube. In the latter, however, the body consists of 30 setigerous segments and branchiae are present on all segments but the first one; the proboscis is not modified as in 4. pallida. Another abyssal species is 4. nybelini Eliason (1951, p. 135) from the North Atlantic Ocean in 4504-4600 meters. It measures +8 mm long by 2 mm wide and consists of about 45 segments, and has a long anal tube. Ammotry pane pallida is known only from San Nicolas and Long Basins and may be regarded as a deepwater form. Other small, immature or vegetative specimens of Ammotrypane were taken in Santa Catalina and San Pedro Basins; these were earlier No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS’ 135 (Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 44) reported as 4. aulogaster Rathke, a species which is known to occur in shallower bottoms of southern California. Genus POLYOPHTHALMUS Quatrefages, 1850 Polyophthalmus translucens, new species The type specimen is from Long Basin (Sta. 6349) and two others are from Patton escarpment. The body is pale, translucent and measures 7.2 mm long for 18 setigerous segments. It resembles a nematode worm in that the shape is cylindrical, smooth, glistening and slightly coiled. It has a pair of lateral longitudinal grooves, and setal tufts extend out from the sides, at segmental intervals. There is no color except for the nuchal organs, near the posterior end of the prostomium; these are rust colored. The prostomium is long and acutely pointed in front; it termi- nates in front in a subspherical palpode. Parapodia are biramous, have notopodial and neuropodial setae in discrete fascicles but those of a pair close together. The upper are about twice as long as the lower setae and all extend laterally in spreading tufts. The posterior end terminates in a slightly constricted collar with terminal pore but there is no funnel. Elongate oval ova are present in median segments from 2 or 3 to 8 or 9 or later segments. Polyophthalmus translucens differs from the shallow water or inter- tidal P. pictus Dujardin in that the body altogether lacks pigment, it has only 18 instead of 27 to 28 setigerous segments and the posterior end is presumed to lack an anal tube. P. translucens is known only from Long Basin and Patton escarpment and is believed to be a deepwater species. Family STERNASPIDAE Genus STERNASPIS Otto, 1821 Sternaspis fossor Stimpson, 1854 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 59-60, fig. 123. Small immature or vegetative individuals come from Santa Catalina, Long, questionably San Nicolas Basins and Patton escarpment. The species is commonly encountered in shelf and slope muddy bottoms of southern California, and has been recorded from southern California in depths of 36 to 667 fms (Moore, 1909 to 1923). It is more widely dis- tributed throughout the northern hemisphere (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 60). 136 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Family CAPITELLIDAE At least seven species in five genera are represented. They may be identified by the following key. Key to species 1. Thorax consisting of 8 setigerous segments .. see i lan salt : capitellid, yea sp. 1b Tore consisting A 10 setigerous segments . . Cate. ite eae . Mediomastus Pete 1. Thorax consisting Bf 7 setigerous segments . . . 2 1. Thorax consisting of 12 setigerous segments : cae Aaa! Leiochrides je: Dip All ace setigerous segments provided a with pointed setae . . : ine ee rt) 2. Thoracic Par dee aE Shes setae and hooks ee oy eee Neoheteromastus lineus 3. Last 3 thoracic neuropodia with long handled hooks EW We eC ee toe ee eee Notomastus precocis 3. Last 3 thoracic neuropodia with setae . . . . . 4 4. Thoracic segments areolated Acie: Notomastus magnus 4. Thoracic segments smooth . . . . Notomastus spp. Genus LEI|OCHRIDES Augener, 1914 Leiochrides hemipodus, new species ?Leiochrides sp. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, pp. 31, 44. The type is selected from San Pedro Basin (Sta. 2798) ; many others are from San Pedro, Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, West Cortes, San Clemente, East Cortes, Long and Velero Basins and from Patton escarp- ment. The body is slender, cylindrical and moderately small. Total length may not exceed 30 mm, of which the thorax is 5.3 mm, and 28 abdominal segments measure 19 mm. None of the specimens is complete but the total number of segments may be about 50. Separation between thorax and abdomen is not marked except for a change in parapodia, where setae are abruptly replaced by uncini. The prostomium is a short, bluntly rounded lobe without eyes. The thoracic epithelium, like that of the abdomen, is smooth and glistening. The peristomium or first visible seg- ment lacks parapodia and is somewhat longer than the next or first setigerous segment. This has notopodia, but lacks neuropodia. The next No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 137 is biramous and resembles those of the following one. All have pointed setae only, emerging in lateral series. In the first few segments the para- podial ridges are at the midlength of the segment; in the last several thoracic segments, the ridges are gradually farther back. In larger individuals the first 5 thoracic segments are somewhat set off from the next by being somewhat inflated. The thoracic formula may be expressed as follows: Prostomium followed by an achaetous peristomium; thoracic noto- podia number 12 pairs with pointed setae only; thoracic neuropodia number 11 pairs, with pointed setae. Long-handled hooded hooks are present in abdominal segments. Bran- chiae are present in abdominal segments, perhaps not before the middle region. At best development, they consist of 3 to 10-12 long, filiform, non-retractile lobes in palmate arrangement, and emerge from the noto- podial lobe, posterior to the uncinial ridge. An occasional filament is bifurcated along its length. Leiochrides is known for few species (see Hartman, 1947, p. 429) from shallow sea bottoms. L. hemipodus differs from others in that abdominal segments have palmately divided branchiae. It is known only from the basins of southern California and is presumed to be a deep water form. Neoheteromastus, new genus Genotype: Neoheteromastus lineus, new species ‘This genus is characterized by having a thorax consisting of 11 setigerous segments. The first segment or peristomium is a smooth ring. This is followed by 8 segments in which notopodia have pointed setae and 3 have uncini. The corresponding neuropodia include 6 with setae and 4 with uncini. Abdominal segments have biramous parapodia pro- vided with long handled hooks. Neoheteromastus differs from other capitellids having 11 thoracic setigerous segments (Hartman, 1947, p. 402) as follows: Notomastus Sars typically has only setae in the thorax and only hooks in the abdomen. Mastobranchus Eisig has only setae in the thorax but the first 2 abdomi- nal notopodia have setae and hooks. Heteromastus Eisig has 4 to 6 thoracic segments with setae, and 7 to 5 segments with hooks. Barantolla Southern has 6 setigerous and 5 uncinigerous thoracic parapodia. In Neoheteromastus the thorax has notopodia of which 8 are setigerous and 3 uncinigerous; the corresponding neuropodia include 6 setigerous and 4 uncinigerous; abdominal segments have only hooded hooks. 138 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL.22 Neoheteromastus lineus, new species nr. Barantolla sp. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 45, in part. The type is selected from San Nicolas Basin (Sta. 5931) ; other indi- viduals come from San Nicolas and Santa Catalina Basins. This is a small, nearly smooth, unadorned capitellid. None is posteriorly complete but total length may not exceed 25 mm. The prostomium is a short, small, semicircular lobe without eyes. The peristomium is a smooth, weakly biannulate ring about one and a half times as long as the first parapodial segment. The everted proboscis is subglobular, externally cov- ered with coarse papillae resembling recurved spinelike cusps directed orally. The thorax has long, distally pointed setae in the first 8 notopodia and long handled hooks in the last 3 notopodia. A neuropodium is lack- ing from the first setigerous segment; this is followed by 6 neuropodia with pointed setae and 4 with long handled hooks. The hooks have a large fang, surmounted by a series of fine teeth and are distally covered with a rounded hood. Branchiae have not been observed and are presumed to be absent. Neoheteromastus lineus has been recovered only from San Nicolas and Santa Catalina Basins in subsill depths; it may be considered a deep water species. Genus MEDIOMASTUS Hartman, 1947, extended Type Mediomastus californiensis Hartman, 1947 The generic diagnosis is here extended to include species having 10 thoracic setigerous segments in which the first 4 to 6 have pointed setae, and the last 6 to 4 have long handled hooks. The thoracic formula thus reads: thorax with 4 to 6 setal segments in notopodia, 6 to 4 hooked segments in neuropodia. The abdomen has only long handled hooks; branchiae are believed absent. Mediomastus glabrus, new species nr. Barantolla sp. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, pp. 45, 47-49, in part. The type is selected from Santa Catalina Basin (Sta. 2850) ; other individuals come from Santa Catalina, San Nicolas and Tanner Basins. Largest specimens measure 10 to 15 mm long by 0.5 mm wide; none is posteriorly complete but posterior fragments are available. Separation No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD? BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 139 between thorax and abdomen is not sharp but is distinguishable by a difference in parapodial components. The prostomium is a small, semi- circular lobe without eyes. It is followed by a smooth peristomial ring. The first 6 setigerous segments have setae in both notopodia and neuro- podia. They are followed by 4 segments having long handled hooks in both rami. The thoracic epithelium is smooth and glistening throughout. Abdominal segments have long handled hooks; they differ also from those in the thorax in that the epithelium is thinner and flaccid. In far posterior segments the notopodia have a short, digitate lobe a little longer than wide, directed dorsolaterally; there is one pair to each segment; these lobes may be branchial but are not eversible. Mediomastus glabrus differs from the only other known species of the genus, M. californiensis Hartman (1947, p. 407), in that the latter has setigerous segments 2 to 5 with pointed setae and 6 to 11 with long handled hooks. The latter is very common in shallow depths in fine sedi- ments (unpublished data) ; M. glabrus is a deep water form. Genus NOTOMASTUS Sars, 1851 Notomastus magnus Hartman, 1947 Hartman, 1947, pp. 412-415, pl. 50, figs. 1-6. An immature or vegetative specimen from East Cortes Basin is ques- tionably referred to this species. It is known more extensively from inter- tidal and shallow depths of California. Notomastus precocis, new species The type is selected from Santa Catalina Basin (Sta. 2848) ; other specimens come from San Pedro, Santa Catalina, Tanner and Long Basins. Length of a larger individual is 15.5 mm; width in the thorax or widest part is 1.2 mm; number of segments exceeds 50. The prosto- mium is a short, equally triangular lobe and lacks eyespots. The thoracic epithelium is smooth; its parapodial lobes are inconspicuous and occur at the midlength of the segments. The first segment or peristomium is a smooth, slightly biannulated, complete ring lacking parapodia. The next segment is complete with notopodia and neuropodia. The everted proboscis is globular and proximally covered with coarse, triangular papillae. In the thorax, the notopodia have only pointed setae ; neuropodia have setae in the first 8 segments and long handled hooks in the last 3 segments. Abdominal segments have only long handled hooded 140 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 hooks. ‘hese terminate distally in a large fang surmounted by 2 teeth, side by side, and are distally covered by a rounded hood. A posterior fragment has simple, digitate branchial processes in noto- podia; these lobes are a little longer than wide and perhaps not eversible. Notomastus precocis differs from other species of the genus in having the last 3 thoracic neuropodia provided with hooks instead of setae. The thoracic epithelium is smooth, whereas in most other species of the genus it is more or less areolated. The species has been found only in subsill parts of deep basins off southern California. Notomastus spp. Fragments of capitellids characterized by having 11 thoracic setiger- ous segments, and only hooded hooks in the abdomen, have been recovered from San Pedro, Tanner, San Nicolas and Velero Basins. They may be referrable to one of the several species named from California (Hartman, 1947, p. 411). Capitellid, unknown genus and species A small capitellid was recovered from San Nicolas Basin; it has only 8 thoracic setigerous segments, followed by abdominal segments with hooded hooks. It may represent an undescribed genus and species. Family MALDANIDAE Fifteen species are recognized and others are probably to be named. ‘They may be identified by the following key: Key to species Anterior end without a cephalic plaque (rimmed plate) Anterior end with a cephalic plaque Without cephalic or anal plaques Without cephalic but with anal plaque She Anal plaque with entire margin . WNotoproctus pacificus Anal plaque with 15 to 25 short cirri * “Vereae ow BS eI SR Be Nicomache: lumbsicalis: 4. With thick acicular spines in first 7 neuropodial segments ik an ieee Se a Praxillura maculata 4, With thick acicular spines in first 4 neuropodial segments 5 4. With thick acicular spines in first 3 neuropodial segments; a collar present on fourth segment . Clymenopsis cingulata W —& OD bo WwWNnh so ae HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS First few segments greatly prolonged (Plate 15, fig. 1) Lumbriclymene lineus First few segments not greatly prolonged Lumbriclymene spp. Anal pore dorsalito anal plague .. ~. 5 «+ fa - 9 Analopore within anal plague =| «© «.« #=«=«| = « i 7. Cephalic plaque not sharply set off from body region and visible 13: 14. 14. 15. 1S: as a dorsal transverse ridge behind prostomial region ke tee : Rhodine bitorquata Cale plaque react set off from body region . 8 Anal plaque prolonged posteriorly asacone . . . 14 Anal plaque not prolonged posteriorly . . . . 13 Cephalic plaque with a longitudinal median nuchal ridge 10 Cephalic plaque without or with a very short nuchal ridge or smooth ae BE 12 Cephalic and anal plaques with entire margins i eeee Ll Ventral edge of anal plaque with crenulations ; Maldane glebifex . Anterior segments with melanistic pigment pattern reer g cl Rm (S Maldane sarsi Anterior segments pale, without pigment pattern : Koon ne 8 Maldane sarsi, pallid Anal and pe plaques with crenulated margins a Tee BL att ee Sce te Asychis lacera Anal plaque otherwise ee oa ee Be et ReAcychis. ‘spp: Neuropodial spines of first 3 segments nearly straight; anal plaque with 18 filaments alternating long and short and a longest, midventral one . . . Euclymene delineata Neuropodial spines of first 3 segments distally crooked; anal plaque otherwise es . . Euclymene spp. Anal flange with 3 long cirri Aacibes i [Sys fees) So) Cy) Se te en Praxillella trifila Anal flange with a ccirclet of many cirri . . . . 15 Anterior end of prostomium prolonged forward as a slender palpode wee ret oe tel, ws war Praxillellacgracilis Prostomium not prolonged forward as a palpode : Praxillella sp. 141 142 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOlsuse Genus NOTOPROCTUS Arwidsson, 1907 Notoproctus pacificus (Moore) 1906 Lumbriclymene pacifica Moore, 1906, pp. 246-248, pl. 12, figs. 40-42. Notoproctus pacificus Moore, 1923, pp. 238-239. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 56-57, figs. 117, 118. First described from Chatham Strait, Alaska, in 282-293 fms, this species was recorded off Santa Catalina Island in abyssal depths (Moore, 1923, p. 239). Geographic and bathymetric ranges are extensive, with the known range limited to the northeast Pacific Ocean in shallow (65-71 fms) to abyssal (2196-2228 fms) depths. Genus NICOMACHE Malmgren, 1865 Nicomache lumbricalis (Fabricius) 1780 Nicomache carinata Moore, 1906, pp. 242-246, pl. 11, figs. 36-39; pl. 12, figs. 43-44. Moore, 1923, p. 227. This species occurs in southern California in basin depths (Moore, 1923, p. 227) and more widely from cosmopolitan areas. ‘Tubes are attached to stones, externally covered with silt and internally somewhat horny. There are 2 preanal asetigerous segments. The pygidium is sur- rounded by 14 to 21 short, subequal cirri. Genus LUMBRICLYMENE Sars, 1872 Lumbriclymene lineus, new species (Plate 15, figs. 1, 3) The type specimen comes from Santa Catalina Basin (Sta. 5935) and others are from Tanner Basin. The body is very slender and atten- uate; it measures about 30 mm long and less than 1 mm wide, and consists of 19 setigerous segments. Segmental nodes and the head region are dark reddish brown, whereas other parts are pale to nearly white. The first 4 segments have thick, single spines in neuropodia; they are yellow and slightly curved acicular. The anterior end is smoothly rounded above and has a pair of J-shaped nuchal slits in which the shorter anterior stem is directed outward and at an angle of about 110° to the long, posteriorly directed stem. Segments | to 3 resemble each other in that all have long internodes, and similar setal components (Plate 15, fig. 1). NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS’ 143 The fourth segment differs in that it has 2 heavy, though similar, spines on either side and is also shorter than those in front. Its anterior margin is elevated and somewhat collarlike, and its notopodial setae are shorter than those in the first 3 segments. hereafter the segments are noticeably shorter and neuropodia have transverse series of long handled uncini. Short, darkly pigmented, glandular rings surround the body at the level of the setal ridges. The anal pore is located dorsoposteriorly, near the end of a slightly inflated segment (Plate 15, fig. 3) in which the epithelium is reticulated. Neuropodial uncini occur in transverse series numbering 10 to 15 in a row. Each is a flat plate with a large fang surmounted by a series of smaller teeth in a single row. The tube is arenaceous, fully attached to the hard substratum, and irregularly coiled and twisted. Lumbriclymene lineus differs from other species of the genus in hav- ing greatly prolonged segments anteriorly. It has been recovered only from basin depths and is believed to be a deep. water species. Lumbriclymene sp. Three anterior ends come from Tanner Basin, the longest measuring 8 mm long for 5 anterior segments. It lacks a cephalic plaque. Nuchal organs are nearly right angled, with the 2 limbs almost equally long. The peristomium lacks parapodia or setae. The first 4 segments increase in length posteriorly. Parapodia are biramous from the first segment; noto- podia have slender, small setal fascicles and the first 4 neuropodia have large, yellow acicular spines, numbering only 1 to a parapodium. The fifth segment has neuropodia with few (2 to 4) transitional hooks, and segments farther back have rostrate hooks. ‘These specimens may represent an unnamed species, more abundantly present in the outer series of basins, or in deep water. Genus PRAXILLURA Verrill, 1880 Praxillura maculata Moore, 1923 Moore, 1923, pp. 225-227, pl. 18, figs. 31, 32. Three specimens come from Santa Catalina Basin. This species is previously known only through a single anterior fragment and tube taken off Santa Cruz Island, in 447-510 fms, in black mud and rocks (Moore, 1923, p. 227). The following description is based on specimens collected by the VELERO IV. 144 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL: 22 The surface throughout is mottled with dark brown spots in dis- persed pattern, most concentrated on the head and first 12 segments. The anterior and posterior ends lack plaques. The body consists of 33 or more segments. The mouth is a very large oval opening on the ventral side of the peristomial segment. The first 10 segments are short, wider than long and set off from one another by deep segmental grooves. The first 7 and the last 5 setigerous segments have single, thick dark spines in neuropodia, and the last 3 acicular segments have no notopodial setae. ‘This region is followed posteriorly by the constricted tapering anal ring with dorsal anal pore. The first 7 setigerous segments have tufts of notopodial setae and 1 or 2 thick, dark, yellowish brown spines that are conspicuously striated internally and distally slightly curved. The next 3 or 4 segments are transitional, with the uncini increasing in number gradually. The uncinial rows are always short, with not more than 9 to 12 uncini in a row, in median segments. Uncini have 7 teeth in a single row, largest at the base and decreasing in size gradually distally. The tube is long, cylindrical, measuring to 200 mm long, and closely fits the occupant. Its walls consist of thick silt over a translucent chitin- ized membrane; it is externally covered with flat fragments of shell bits and other debris and resembles an onuphid tube but is more friable. Praxillura maculata remains known only from southern California, in deep water. Genus CLYMENOPSIS Verrill, 1900 Clymenopsis cingulata (Ehlers) 1887 Clymene cingulata Ehlers, 1887, pp. 185-188, pl. 47, figs. 2-5. This species was collected in Santa Catalina and Tanner Basins. Two tubes from Tanner Basin are long, cylindrical, measure 70 mm long by 1.8 mm wide; they are constricted at one end, and have a short, hyaline chimney, a characteristic of some other maldanid tubes. Several similar, though smaller, tubes come from Santa Catalina Basin. The body measures to 50 mm long by 1.4 mm wide and consists of 19 setiger- ous, and 9 posterior, preanal asetigerous segments; it lacks cephalic and anal plaques. The fourth segment has a conspicuous collar. Heavy acicular spines are present in 3 anterior segments; they are light yellow and straight, and about 5 times as thick as the accompanying notopodial setae. On the prostomium the nuchal organs are crescentic to somewhat NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 145 right-angled, with short limbs. The buccal segment is not clearly set off from the first setigerous segment. Notopodial setae are present from the first setigerous segment and are of two kinds—longer, larger, stiff, smooth ones, and an equal number of smaller, shorter ones; they terminate in an arista or fimbriated tip. Bearded uncini are few in number, at most 6 in a single transverse row. They are first present in the fourth segment, where they number about 4 in a transverse row, and continue posteriorly through the last, or 19th, setigerous segment. The fourth, or collar segment, varies from longer to shorter, but is usually nearly as long as the preceding segment. The collar is low on the dorsal side and increases midventrally to its longest point; it is deepest above. Its origin is in front of the uncinigerous ridge. In a specimen from Tanner Basin the collar is straight, not oblique. Tubes are thick walled, of gray mud or somewhat arenaceous; they are straight and terminate in a narrow, translucent chimney and are externally lightly covered with small foraminifers. Leiochone borealis, sensu Moore, 1923, p. 227, from off Point Loma light, in 549-585 fms, in green mud, may be the same species. Another species resembling it is Lumbriclymene constricta Wesenberg-Lund (1948, pp. 12-15, fig. 4) from Davis Strait, Greenland, in 1096-2258 meters. It also has a collar on the fourth segment, prolonged at its ventral end. There are thick, acicular spines in 3 (not 4 segments as in Lumbri- clymene) segments and the posterior end has 5 preanal asetigerous seg- ments. If it is the same as Clymenopsis cingulata, the geographic distri- bution is extensive, including the West Indies, Greenland and southern California, in deep water. Genus PRAXILLELLA Verrill, 1881 Praxillella gracilis (Sars) 1861 Moore, 1923, p. 238. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 50, figs. 101, 102. Small, immature or vegetative individuals come from Santa Catalina and West Cortes Basins. Larger, reproductive specimens are frequent from shelf and slope depths of southern California. The species is recorded from cosmopolitan areas, in 48 to 766 fms. 146 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL.22 Praxillella trifila, new species (Plate 15, figs. 2, 4) Praxillella, unknown sp. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 46. ‘The type is chosen from San Nicolas Basin (Sta. 6341) ; others are from Santa Catalina and San Nicolas Basins. All are fragmented, repre- sented by slender pieces with large, nodular segmental nodes, and cylin- drical, arenaceous tube fragments. Length of a longer posterior end, with 11 setigerous segments and an anal cone, is 28 mm and width | mm. Segments probably total 19 on complete specimens. The cephalic plaque is plain, with a small triangular prostomial lobe lacking eyes, separated from the lateral flanges by a pair of anterolateral incisions, and continued middorsally to a median incision. The nuchal organs are parallel, straight grooves extending through most of the length of the cephalic plaque. ‘The peristomium is about two and a half times as long as wide; it is separated from the first setigerous segment by a faint segmental line. The first 3 setigerous segments are long, cylindrical, their length about 5 times their width. Each has long, slender, distally pointed setae in noto- podia, and single, acicular spines in neuropodia. The third neuropodium usually has 2 spines on a side. From the fourth segment the length/width ratio is 2/1 or less. These segments have neuropodia provided with rostrate hooks (Plate 15, fig. 4) in vertical series. The body terminates in a long cone with terminal pore. In some the proctodaeum is everted as a subspherical sack (Plate 15, fig. 2); in others it is withdrawn. The cone is characterized by the presence of 3 very long, slender cirri, a pair in dorsolateral, and a midventral attach- ment. This cone is preceded by 3 long, barrel-shaped asetigerous seg- ments, and a fourth in which rostrate hooks (Plate 15, fig. 4) are present in sparse numbers, and also one or a few very slender pointed setae. ‘Che fourth preanal segment is imperfectly setigerous. Praxillella trifila is characterized by having 3 very long, slender cirri on the anal cone; segments lack a collar; the first 3 setigerous segments have acicular spines. It bears a resemblance to Asychis trifilosa Augener (1926, p. 187; Mesnil and Fauvel, 1939, fig. 12) from New Zealand and the Gulf of Oman in deep water, which also has 3 long anal cirri; the latter, however, has a collar on the fifth segment. P. trifila has been recovered only in deeper parts of the middle and outer basins; it is believed to be a deep water form. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 147 Praxillella sp. Another species taken in San Nicolas Basin (Sta. 6341) with the preceding, and in Santa Catalina Basin, differs from P. trifila in that the cephalic plaque lacks a flange and a postmedian incision. The posterior 4 or more segments are bell-shaped, broadest at their posterior ends. There is a single preanal, asetigerous segment, preceded by a shorter though similar segment which has setae but no uncini. The pygidium is a tapering cone with a long midventral but no lateral cirri. Genus EUCLYMENE Verrill, 1900 Euclymene delineata Moore, 1923 Moore, 1923, pp. 231-233, pl. 18, figs. 39, 40. Specimens come from 2 stations in San Pedro Basin. Length is 25 to 35 mm. There are no segmental collars. The first 3 setigerous segments have single thick, nearly acicular neuropodial spines; these are replaced by rostrate hooks farther back. The prostomial nuchal organs are straight, parallel grooves. The anal funnel is surrounded by 18 slender filaments alternating long and short, and a longest midventral one. This is known only off Santa Rosa Island in 243-265 fms (type) and from San Pedro Basin. It may be a deep water form. Another larger species of the same genus is E. reticulata Moore (1923, pp. 230-231, pl. 19, figs. 37, 38), also from considerable depths. It is distinguished from E. delineata by its greater size (length 52 mm) ; anterior neuropodial spines are distally crooked. Its geographic range overlaps that of E. delineata. Genus RHODINE Malmgren, 1865 Rhodine bitorquata Moore, 1923 Moore, 1923, pp. 223-225, pl. 18, fig. 30. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 52-53, figs. 107, 108. Fragments of collared segments are frequent in samples from most basins; they include San Pedro, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas, Tanner, West Cortes, San Clemente, East Cortes Basins, and the San Diego trough. This species attains its greatest development in shallower bottoms of southern California, in depths of 100 fms or less. The original account 148 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 was based on specimens from Monterey Bay in 75 to 766 fms. The species is more widely recorded from western Canada, in shallow to deep water (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 53). Genus MALDANE Grube, 1860 Maldane sarsi Malmgren, 1865 Moore, 1923, p. 237. Characteristic pigmented individuals are abundant in shallow bottoms of southern California, in depths of 30 to 100 or more fms. Similar, though pale or unpigmented specimens occur in San Pedro and Tanner Basins. Like the shelf form, they occur in tubes of thick mud, closely adherent to the occupant. The species has a cosmopolitan distribution in shallow to eurybathic depths. Maldane cristata Treadwell, 1923 Maldane carinata Moore, 1923, pp. 233-235. Hartman, 1956, pp. 295-296. This species was taken in San Pedro, Santa Catalina and San Clemente Basins. As MM. carinata it came originally from San Clemente Island in 654-704 fms. The cephalic plaque is elliptical in outline; its limbate margin is divided by a pair of deep, smooth incisions into a pair of lateral flaring lobes and a posterior lobe with smooth margin. A collar arises from the posterior border of the peristomium; it is high, stiff and erect; its margin is smooth except for a wide, shallow emargination middorsally. The cephalic plaque has a prominent, arched carina beginning at the prostomial palpode. The first 3 setigerous segments are strongly biannulate, with the anterior ring glandular all around and the posterior parapodial one about twice as long. Segment 6 has an anterior dorsal flange slightly overlapping segment 5. The pygidium is a near duplicate of the cephalic plaque except that it lacks a palpode and nuchal organs. Maldane cristata is known from western Mexico and California in considerable depths. Maldane ?glebifex Grube, 1860 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 45, figs. 85, 86. A single specimen from San Diego trough differs from other species of the genus taken in the basins in that the anal flange is denticulate. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 149 It is presumed to be a representative of M. glebifex, known more widely from European seas and the northeast Pacific Ocean (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 45). Genus ASYCHIS Kinberg, 1867 Asychis lacera (Moore) 1923 Maldane lacera Moore, 1923, pp. 235-237. Single, large individuals, with tubes measuring to 180 mm long, were taken in Santa Catalina and Santa Barbara Basins. The original collec- tion was taken off Point Lima light, in 549-595 fms. The species is typically a deep water form. Asychis spp. Fragments, including cephalic and anal plaques, were taken in San Pedro, San Nicolas, West Cortes Basins and Patton escarpment. Most have a deep collar preceding the first setigerous segment. In one from West Cortes Basin, the cephalic plaque has U-shaped nuchal organs and the posterior flange is entire. Another, from San Nicolas Basin, has both plaques ornamented along the lateral margins. None agrees with 4. dis- paridentata Moore (1923, p. 237) best known from shallower depths (unpublished records) . Family OWENIIDAE Genus MYRIOCHELE Malmgren, 1867 Myriochele gracilis Hartman, 1955 ‘Tubes with small individuals were taken in San Pedro, Santa Cata- lina and questionably San Nicolas Basins. This species occurs more widely in slope depths of southern California (unpublished records). Myriochele pygidialis, new species (Plate 16, figs. 1-4) The type is selected from West Cortes Basin (Sta. 5944) ; others are from Santa Cruz, San Nicolas, San Clemente, East Cortes and Long Basins. The tube is long, tough, internally heavily chitinized and exter- nally covered with silt and prickly particles; it measures 210 to 250 mm long by 1.17 mm wide and is cylindrical. The animal, dissected out of a tube, measures 57 mm long by 0.65 mm across and consists of about 43 150 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 setigerous segments (Plate 16, fig. 1). The anterior end is plain, collar- like except for a midventral cleft (Plate 16, fig. 2). The pygidium is petaloid, terminating in 7 to 9 short, thick lobes arranged in a circlet except for a middorsal groove (Plate 16, fig. 3) ; the anal pore is located centrally within the circlet. Setal and uncinial ridges are pale; the rest of the body is brownish and closely mottled. The number of segments may vary from 34 to 43, with the last 12 to 14 shorter than the others. The first four segments are shorter than the fifth, which is longer than the first four together, and the sixth one is the longest. The seventh is again shorter and the poste- rior segments gradually decrease in length. The first 3 setigerous segments have notopodial fascicles only; from the fourth, parapodia are biramous, with pointed setae in notopodia and long handled uncini in neuropodia. The setal ridges are near the posterior end of a segment. The last 10 to 15 segments are shorter than others and their setae are prolonged as slender tufts. Uncini have a long cylindrical stem and terminate distally in 2 sharp teeth at right angles to the shaft; the distal or main tooth is larger than the subdistal one (Plate 16, fig. 4). Within the body cavity, the presence of pale ova indicates the maturity of the specimens; a larger ovum measures 0.13 mm across. Myriochele is known for about 8 species (Hartman, 1959, p. 469) a few of which come from deep water. M. heeri Malmgren has been recorded off the Antilles in 2975 fms (McIntosh, 1885, p. 410). M. eurystoma Caullery (1944, p. 52) was named from off Makassar in a range of depth from 32 to 1570 meters. M. pacifica McIntosh (1885, p. 413) was trawled in the middle Pacific Ocean in 2600 fms. This is not to be confused with M. pacifica Annenkova (1937, p. 183) from the northern part of the Japanese Sea in 45 meters. It differs from MclIntosh’s species in having a long, dorsal, non-retractile shield at its anterior end, and is here renamed Myriochele annenkovae, new name. Myriochele pygidialis differs from each of these in having a posterior end terminating in a circlet of processes; the body is long and slender with as many as 43 segments; uncini have a different form. M. pygidialis has been recovered only from the outer series of basins and may represent an abyssal species. No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS SY. Myriowenia, new genus Genotype: Myriowenia californiensis, new species Setigerous segments number 29 or more. The first 3 setigerous seg- ments are uniramous and others are biramous. The posterior end is taper- ing and unadorned. Notopodial setae are simple, long, slender and dis- tally pointed. Neuropodal setae are simple long shafted hooks ter- minating in a large fang at right angles to the shaft. Myriowenia differs from Myriochele (see above) in having a pair of long, thick palpi emerging from the dorsal side of the prostomium (Plate 16, fig. 5). Myriowenia californiensis, new species (Plate 16, figs. 5, 6) Myriochele gracilis Hartman, 1955, pl. 2, fig. 5 only. No specimens are complete. One comes from San Pedro Basin and most of the others are from shallower silty bottoms of southern Cali- fornia. The type is selected from 2.8 miles west of Santa Catalina Island in 58 fms (Sta. 2175), from a bottom of mud and shell. Many others come from shallower to deeper bottoms off southern California in similar sediments. There is no tube but in some instances a thin, mucoid cover- ing is present. A larger fragment, perhaps more than half complete, measures 22 mm long and 1.3 mm wide; it consists of at least 29 setigerous segments. The anterior cephalic region is inflated or subspheri- cal, has a pair of dorsally inserted long palpi, set off from the first seg- ment by a shallow to deep constriction (Plate 16, fig. 5). These palpi are conspicuously speckled with light brown pigment on the upper or outer side, in fresh collections. Uncini are present in neuropodia from the fourth segment and con- tinue to the posterior end; they occur in short transverse series, at first ventrolaterally and from about segment 27 ventrally located, the paired series of a segment separated medially by a short space. The correspond- ing notopodia are located dorsolaterally. Seen separately, uncini are sharply curved hooks terminating distally in a single tooth (Plate 16, fig. 6). Myriowenia californiensis has been recovered from numerous samples, chiefly in shelf and slope depths of southern California, and may be only occasional in basin depths of inner basins. 152 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Family AMPHARETIDAE At least twelve species in nine genera are represented. Species of this family are confused and in need of major revision. Those recorded from the basins of southern California may be identified according to the following key. Key to species 1. With paleae (modified setae) projecting laterally from a peri- stomial *segion: > “oa apie es ee eee 2 1 Without paleae "Sete OP Ree ete ee ee + 2. Paleae weak, about as thick as thoracic notopodial setae and distally oblique; thorax consisting of 15 setigerous segments Wy est ieee tach whe eis Melinnampharete eoa Paleae stronger, much thicker than thoracic notopodial setae; thorax consisting of 14 to 17 setigerous segments . . 3 3. With 14 thoracic setigerous segments . . . . 6 3. With 15 thoracic setigerous segments . Anobothrus gracilis hd 3. With 16 thoracic setigerous segments; lower lip crenulated sist ME.” Mics (ean ea aah Lysippe annectens With 17 thoracic setigerous segments . . . . 7 Branchiae partly pinnately divided . Schistocomus hiltoni Branchiae cirriform or at least not pinnate . . . 5 eR Y With a pair of large, postbranchial spines see Se Sieh PPA BOS he tee ee Wale eae, Melinna heterodonta 5. Without postbranchial.spines . . . . . . 8 6. Larger; more than 20 mm long when mature; abdomen with i3sepments . .. ~ » » «. +. Ampharetexaretica 6. Smaller; less than 8 mm long; with more than 14 abdominal Segments: 9 04™ 2) $50 nos Ole he ) pea aepanete sp: 7. One of branchial pairs broadly expanded and foliaceous; paleae straight and tapering distally . Amphicteis scaphobranchiata 7. Branchiae subulate; paleae with thicker, slightly curved stem and long, slender distal mucron . Amphicteis mucronata 8. Lateral margins of segments 2 to 5 raised as in species of Melinna . ~ fe ew) 2 OM SM elinnexis’ “moore: 8. Lateral margins of segments not raised . . . y) 9. Branchiae greatly prolonged, extending to end of body (Plate 17); with 12 thoracic setigerous segments : ye SC ORT S Orley erent ae ace, linear dete NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS’ 153 ©. Branchiae mot sopprolongzed. ! .) Vvesiien! scutes, 4 10 10. With 14 or 15 abdominal segments . . Amage anops 10. With 10 abdominal segments . . . Amage scutata Genus AMAGE Malmgren, 1866 Amage scutata Moore, 1923 Moore, 1923, pp. 210-212, pl. 17, figs. 19-24. This species was first described from collections off Point Pinos light in 40-46 fms, green mud, and in Santa Catalina Basin in 302-638 fms, green mud. It has been collected more recently in shallower bottoms (unpublished records) but not from basin depths. The species is known only from southern California from moderate to deep bottoms. Amage longibranchiata, new species (Plate 17) Amage anops and var. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, pp. 36-61. The type specimen was selected from Santa Monica Basin (Sta. 3020) ; others come from Santa Monica, San Pedro and Santa Cruz Basins. The species is characterized by its greatly prolonged 4 pairs of branchiae (Plate 17) ; they are of a single kind, have a thick base and taper distally ; when laid back they reach nearly to the end of the body. ‘They are inserted in tandem series, with those of successive pairs slightly approaching medially but widely separated from each other at the most proximal positions. The fourth branchia is inserted on the third, or first setigerous, papillar parapodium, and the other 3 pairs are progressively more forward on the dorsolateral sides of segments. The prostomium is 3-lobed, flat, and without eyes or other color markings. Its median part is broadly quadrate and its lateral areas are auricular at the sides, behind the shorter quadrate area. The peristomium or first segment has similar ear-shaped fleshy lobes that are continued across the ventrum to form a large, thick, grooved lower lip. Within the oral cavity the numerous, smooth, slender oral tentacles can be seen, all of one kind and crowded. The second segment, best seen on the ventral side of the body, is dorsally crowded between the peristomium and the following segment. It lacks parapodia, branchiae or other structures. The third segment is large, broad and laterally extended as a pair of fleshy lobes; it is the 154 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 first branchial segment. The fourth is the second branchial segment and its lateral edge is provided with a small papillar lobe, representing a parapodium but lacking setae. The fifth segment is similar but its para- podium is slightly larger, and by the sixth segment it is even larger and provided with a tuft of slender setae. The seventh segment is the first normal one; its notopodium is a large, conical lobe with a full tuft of long setae and its neuropodium has a transverse row of uncini. This pattern is continued posteriorly through 10 segments. The abdomen is abruptly narrower and tapers to a slender pygidium surrounded by small papillae. The thorax thus consists of 12 setigerous and 11 uncinigerous segments, and is followed by the abdomen with 11 uncinigerous segments. Abdominal notopodia are small papillar lobes widely spaced from the corresponding neuropodia. Thoracic uncini are avicular, have a large base and terminate in 5 teeth in a single row; the lowest tooth is the largest and the more distal ones are successively smaller. Abdominal uncini are similar but smaller; they too terminate in 5 teeth in a single row. The tube is thick, mud or silt covered, and usually much longer than the occupant within. Larger tubes measure 100 to 140 mm long by 10 mm wide, and enclose an animal about 30 mm long. Amage longibranchiata differs from other species of the genus as indicated in the key above. It has been taken only in subsill depths of the inner series of basins, and in sediments of fine green muds. Amage anops (Johnson) (1901, p. 424), with which this was first identified (Hartman and Barnard, this volume, pp. 36-51), is another species; it has short branchiae and 14 thoracic setigerous segments. It is known to occur from western Washington to California (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 72) and has been taken in shallower soft bottoms of southern California (unpublished data). Amage sp. Small, less than 10 mm long, cylindrical tubes, containing smaller specimens, come from San Pedro, Santa Cruz and Tanner Basins. The tubes are externally covered with mud and an outer layer of white, orbicular foraminifers. The specimens have not been specifically identified. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS’ 155 Genus AMPHARETE Malmgren, 1866 Ampharete arctica Malmgren, 1866 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 65-66, figs. 133-135. Specimens come from San Pedro Basin; many more and larger ones were taken in shelf and slope depths along shore (unpublished). The species constructs mud walled tubes, externally covered with algal and other detrital bits, untidy in appearance; it grossly resembles that of an onuphid, Diopatra ornata Moore. The species is regarded as cosmopoli- tan and eurybathic. ? Ampharete sp. Small individuals measuring less than 15 mm long were taken in San Nicolas Basin. They were removed from silt covered, mucoid tubes. The largest, measuring about 0.8 mm wide, may be mature. The thorax is about half of the total length. The body consists of 14 thoracic and at least 14 abdominal setigerous segments. The prostomium is 3-lobed, has a pair of large black ocular areas at the sides. Paleae are well devel- oped and number about 15 on a side; they form spreading fascicles. Each one is long, distally tapering, acicular, and terminates in a slender pointed tip. These individuals may represent an unknown species. Genus AMPHICTEIS Grube, 1850 Amphicteis ?scaphobranchiata Moore, 1906 Moore, 1906, pp. 255-257, pl. 12, figs. 54-61. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 68-69, figs. 139-141. Specimens come from San Pedro, San Nicolas and questionably Tan- ner Basins. They are smaller than representatives from shallower depths and some have reduced prostomial eyes, but in other respects they seem to agree. The tube is mucoid, externally covered with mud, sponge spicules and other inert materials; it appears untidy. The species is more widely known from the northeast Pacific Ocean, in shallow to deep bottoms. Amphicteis mucronata Moore, 1923 Moore, 1923, pp. 203-206. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 69, fig. 142. This species was taken in San Pedro and Santa Catalina Basins. It differs from 4. scaphobranchiata (see above) in being much smaller and 156 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 - having the characteristic paleae, with a distal mucron. The species is more widely known from the northeast Pacific Ocean in shallower ocean bottoms (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 69). Genus ANOBOTHRUS Levinsen, 1883 Anobothrus gracilis (Malmgren) 1866 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 67, fig. 137. Numerous collections were taken in San Pedro, Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz and questionably Tanner Basins. Most are smaller than those taken from shelf depths, measuring usually less than 10 mm long. An ovigerous one measures 8.5 mm long and 0.7 mm wide and consists of 15 thoracic, and 12 abdominal setigerous segments. Paleae are well developed and number 12 to 15 on a side. The 4 pairs of long, slender branchiae are inserted in a single transverse row. The prostomium has a pair of dark areas at the sides, and a pair of minute eyespots farther back. Narrow, ventral gland shields are present through thoracic segments to the third from last one. The tubes are thick, mud walled, and closely adhere to the occupant. Anobothrus gracilis is cosmopolitan in occurrence, usually in moder- ate depths (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 67). Genus LYSIPPE Malmgren, 1866 Lysippe annectens Moore, 1923 Moore, 1923, pp. 201-202, pl. 17, figs. 11-13. Individuals were taken in Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, Tanner and questionably Velero Basins. They are smaller than those first described. An ovigerous one from Santa Catalina Basin measures about 14 mm long; the body consists of 17 thoracic and 10 abdominal setigerous seg- ments. The branchial fold is high and prominent and carries 4 pairs of cirriform branchiae. The lower lip is broad and deeply crenulated, with 14 or 15 lobes. Paleae are weakly developed, no larger than the setae of the first setigerous segment. Ventral gland plates are present through the tenth setigerous segment. Lysippe annectens is known from shallow to basin depths in southern California. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 157 Genus MELINNA Malmgren, 1867 Melinna heterodonta Moore, 1923 Melinna cristata heterodonta Moore, 1923, pp. 212-213, pl. 17, fig. 25. This species was originally described from off Monterey Bay south to San Diego in depths of 110 to 2228 fms. It is characterized by having 18 thoracic setigerous segments. The postbranchial membrane is denticu- lated with 14 to 16 unequally long lobes. The species may be limited to deeper water, whereas M. denticulata Moore (1908) is found more abundantly in shelf and slope depths. ‘The latter has 17 thoracic setiger- ous segments and the postbranchial membrane terminates in fewer (7 to 8) lobes. Another small individual from San Diego trough (Sta. 6090) meas- uring 8.6 mm long, has branchiae nearly as long as the thorax; they are inserted on a pair of long, broad bases. The thorax consists of 17 setiger- ous segments, as in M. denticulata, but the postbranchial membrane ter- minates in 10-15 short, triangular lobes, irregularly longer and shorter. The large postbranchial dorsal hooks are pale yellow. Genus Melinnampharete Annenkova, 1937 This genus is characterized by having pinnately divided oral tenta- cles. Branchiae number 3 pairs, are cirriform, and inserted in a straight transverse line. Paleae are present but not conspicuous; they terminate distally in an oblique tip. Postbranchial dorsal hooks are absent. ‘Thoracic notopodia number 15 pairs. A dorsal ridge is present between setigerous segments 3 and 4. Nephridia open in segments 4, 6 and 7. A single species is known. Melinnampharete eoa Annenkova, 1937 Annenkova, 1937, pp. 186-187, 213, pl. 4, figs. 39, 40. Small individuals measuring to 15 mm long, without the long bran- chiae, were taken in Santa Cruz and San Clemente Basins. The 3 pairs of branchiae are inserted in a straight line. Paleae are weakly developed. The dorsal transverse membrane is not conspicuously fimbriated. The paleae have oblique distal ends. Melinnampharete eoa is previously known from the northwest Pacific Ocean, in 78 to 1600 meters (Uschakov, 1955, p. 364). The species may be considered a deep water and abyssal form. 158 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL 22 Genus MELINNEXIS Annenkova, 1931 This genus is characterized as follows: Oral tentacles are of 2 kinds, including a thick, papillated, proboscislike unpaired one, and many short, slenderer ones. The tentacular membrane is entire; glandular bands are absent. Branchiae number 4 pairs and are subulate. The lateral margins of segments 2 to 5 are raised, as in Melinna, but dorsal, postbranchial hooks are absent. A dorsal transverse fold is feebly visible but lacks denticulations. Segments 2 to 5 are provided with deeply embedded, slender, distally pointed setae. Longer, slenderer, notopodial setae are present from the third segment and occur on 14 segments. Uncini are present from the second one and continue back throughout the body. The thorax consists of 17 segments and the abdomen of many. The body terminates posteriorly in a pair of long, anal cirri. Nephridia occur on segments 4, 6, 7 and 8; the anterior ones have a much longer shank than posterior ones. Melinnexis was erected with type M. arctica Annenkova (1931, p. 269) from Franz Joseph Land in the Arctic Ocean. It has remained known largely through the investigations of Soviet scientists. Uschakov (1955, pp. 363-364) has summarized the two best known forms, M. arctica and M. annenkovae Uschakov, and added a third, M. somovi (1957, p. 1672) also from the Arctic in abyssal depths. At least 2 others, from more southern latitudes, may be congeneric. Melinnexis monocera (as Melinna monocera Augener, 1906, p. 117) from the Lesser Antilles, has been referred to this genus by Annenkova (1931, p. 270). Another is Melinnexis tentaculata (Treadwell) from deep water off the Hawaiian Islands (Hartman, 1956, p. 296). Moyanus Chamberlin (1919, p. 451) with type M. explorans Cham- berlin (1919b, pp. 452-455, pl. 77, figs. 11, 12) from off Peru in 2222 fms, is almost certainly another species of the same genus. It is large, measures 114 mm long and 4 mm wide, and consists of 81 segments. The proboscislike organ is flattened dorsoventrally, and other tentacles are much slenderer and shorter. ‘The dorsal membrane is on the fourth seg- ment and not denticulate. Nuchal spines are absent. Branchiae number 4 pairs, are inserted on a common base, and all are of one kind. The thorax consists of 15 setigerous segments, but notopodia of the first few segments are very obscure. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS’ 159 Another species is Sosanopsis armipotens Moore (1923, pp. 215-216, pl. 18, figs. 26-29) from off Santa Catalina Island in 2228 fms, red mud. This is much smaller, measures only 31 mm long by 1.3 mm wide. The thorax has 16 setigerous, and the abdomen more numerous, segments. The unpaired oral tentacle is very large, and the lateral ones are much slenderer and shorter. Branchiae number 4 pairs, are filiform and ar- ranged as in species of Melinna (see above); 3 are posterior and one pair is anterior. Nuchal spines are absent. Setal fascicles of the first 3 segments are in short, vertical, curved series; their stems are deeply buried, their blades short, delicate, tapered to acute tips. More posterior fascicles have longer and shorter setae. Thoracic uncini have 2 rows of 3-4 teeth each. Abdominal uncini have broad crowns and teeth are in more numerous rows of many each. One more species may be mentioned; this was recorded as Melinna pacifica Moore (1923, p. 213); it is here referred to a new name (below). . Melinnexis moorei, new name Melinna pacifica Moore, 1923, pp. 213-214. Not McIntosh, 1885, p. 440. Two individuals from Patton escarpment (Sta. 5937) are believed the same as those named Melinna pacifica by Moore (1923). Nuchal spines are lacking. The 4 pairs of branchiae are cirriform and taper dis- tally; those on each side form a close cluster, having a common stalk. The nuchal membrane is weakly crenulated. Three larger ones, in long tubes, come from San Pedro Basin (Sta. 2895) ; the longest measures 250 mm long and contains a specimen 80 mm long. The species may have a distribution in deep and abyssal depths of southern California. Genus SCHISTOCOMUS Chamberlin, 1919 Schistocomus hiltoni Chamberlin, 1919 Chamberlin, 1919a, p. 17. A single collection is from San Pedro Basin; other larger, more mature specimens have been taken in shallower bottoms of southern California. Another, nearly related one is Schistocomus sovjeticus Annen- kova (1937, p. 187) named from the northern part of the Japan Sea. 160 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Family TEREBELLIDAE Genus ARTACAMA Malmgren, 1866 Artacama coniferi Moore, 1905 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 74-75, figs. 150-151. A large anterior end, measuring 5 mm across, comes from Tanner Basin. It consists of the large, coarsely papillated proboscidial organ and several anterior setigerous segments. The species has a known range of distribution from western Canada south to western Mexico (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 75). Genus NEOAMPHITRITE Hessle, 1917 Neoamphitrite robusta (Johnson) 1901 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 85, fig. 174. Amphitrite robusta Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 55. Basin records include Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz. The species is more abundantly present in shallower, rocky bottoms of the northeast Pacific Ocean (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952). Genus PISTA Malmgren, 1866 Pista disjuncta Moore, 1923 Moore, 1923, pp. 194-196, pl. 17, fig. 9. Numerous individuals come from San Pedro, Santa Monica, Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz Basins. However, the species is much more abundantly present in slope depths, especially on muddy bottoms, where it occupies thickly coated, long muddy tubes. It is not known outside California. Pista fasciata (Grube) 1870 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 79, fig. 160. Large tubes, measuring to 100 mm long, were taken in San Pedro Basin. Individuals removed from them measure about 68 mm long by 5.5 mm wide. The 2 pairs of branchiae are large and loosely dendritically branched. Conspicuous lateral lappets are present on the first, third and fourth (=first setigerous) segments. The species has a cosmopolitan distribution (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 79). NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 161 Genus STREBLOSOMA Sars, 1872 Streblosoma crassibranchia Treadwell, 1914 Several anterior ends were taken in San Pedro Basin; they may be juvenile or vegetative stages of this species, which is common in shal- lower depths (unpublished data). Genus THELEPUS Leuckart, 1849 Thelepus setosus (Quatrefages) 1865 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 83, figs. 168, 169. This species was taken in San Pedro Basin; it is more abundantly present in shallower bottoms. Its geographic distribution is cosmopolitan (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 83). Genus LEAENA Malmgren, 1866 Leaena caeca, new species Leaena, unknown sp. Hartman and Barnard, this volume, p. 63. The type is selected from Santa Catalina Basin (Sta. 2850) in 620 fms. Other specimens are from the same area but in shallower, above- sill depths. An ovigerous adult measures 18.5 mm long and 1.2 mm wide; it consists of 16 thoracic and 13 abdominal segments; a posterior end is lacking. These abdominal segments measure about a third of the total length of the body. The body narrows abruptly between the thorax and abdomen, at the transition region. There are no eyes and no bran- chiae. The tentacular base is continued across the dorsum and provided with 9 to 12 pairs of cirriform tentacles inserted on a semicircular base. The lower lip is almost continuous in a transverse line with this base. The first 2 visible segments are complete rings. Each is a little longer than the following segments and each has a short, lateral expansion but no true lappets. The third segment is the first setigerous, and the fourth is the first uncinigerous. The thorax thus consists of 16 setigerous and 15 uncinigerous segments. Ventral scutes are present on all thoracic segments but the last seven. Those on the first 2 segments are largest, and later ones decrease in width gradually to the last one, which is longer than wide. Thoracic neuropodia have uncini in double rows. Those of the last 6 segments differ from the more anterior ones in being located ventrolaterally and 162 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 having thicker, elevated bases. Those of the first 10 segments are lateral, below the notosetal tuft. All setae are distally smooth, broadly limbate and of a single kind, except that some are shorter, others longer. Uncini are short, avicular, have a large fang surmounted by a rostrate beak with many small teeth forming a broad head. Leaena caeca differs from other species of the group (see Hessle, 1917, pp. 196-199) in that lateral lappets are weakly developed and present on only 2 segments. Leaena videns Chamberlin (1919, p. 18), from southern California in littoral zones, is another species; it has transverse bands of eyespots behind the tentacular base. Leaena gracilis Moore (1923, pp. 191-192, pl. 17, fig. 8) from off Point Pinos lighthouse, in 204-239 fms, in gray mud, has 15 thoracic setigerous segments and is probably referrable to Lanassa Malmgren. Family TRICHOBRANCHIDAE Genus Terebellides Sars, 1835 Terebellides stroemi Sars, 1835 Hessle, 1917, pp. 137-138. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, pp. 75-76, figs. 152, 153. Numerous individuals were collected from nearly all basins. Repre- sentatives are typically smaller than their shallower water relatives, and the pectinated branches of the branchia tend to be less compact than in the littoral form. They are here regarded as the cosmopolitan species, known from all major oceans (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 76). Family SABELLIDAE Genus POTAMETHUS Chamberlin, 1919 Potamethus mucronatus (Moore) 1923 Notaulax mucronata Moore, 1923, pp. 243-245, pl. 18, figs. 43, 44. Berkeley and Berkeley, 1951, pp. 333-334. Numerous individuals come from San Pedro, Santa Monica and Santa Catalina Basins. Tubes are silt-covered, some adorned with long sponge spicules set on end, causing a spiny appearance, others nearly smooth. In some instances the tubes are clustered and loosely attached to one another by basal strands. Larger specimens measure 57 mm long NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 163 by 5.5 mm wide; others, much smaller, are only 20 mm long by 1.6 mm wide. The tentacular crown on smaller ones is longer than the thorax, whereas in larger ones the comparative lengths are reversed. Thoracic notosetae are of 2 kinds; a longer superior limbate kind is superior, and more numerous, broad, mucronated ones of variable length are inferior. The accompanying neurosetae are long handled hooks. Potamethus mucronatus was first described from abyssal depths off Santa Catalina Island, and off Santa Cruz Island in about 500 fms. It has since been recorded from the northeast Pacific Ocean (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1951, p. 333). It may be regarded as a deep water or abyssal form. Genus MYXICOLA Koch in Renier, 1847 Myxicola infundibulum (Renier) 1804 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1952, p. 119, fig. 244. , This was taken only once, in San Pedro Basin, but has been fre- quently taken in shallower bottoms of southern California. The species is regarded as cosmopolitan and eurybathic. Genus CHONE Kroyer, 1856 Chone spp. Small immature or vegetative individuals were taken in San Pedro and Santa Catalina Basins. They may be representatives of one of the shallower water forms. Family SERPULIDAE Members of this family are poorly represented in grab samples from southern California. The best known are two species, one abundantly represented by tubes in the long shore basins, and the other associated with the dead remains of a lamp-shell brachiopod. Genus PROTIS Ehlers, 1887 Protis pacifica Moore, 1923 Hartman, 1955b, pp. 51-52, pl. 4. Tube fragments of this species are consistently present in samples from San Pedro and Santa Monica Basins and occasionally in basins 164 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 more distant. The white cylindrical tubes are apt to be attached to the translucent shell of a pelecypod, Cyclopecten zephyrus Grau. The known distribution is limited to southern California. Genus VERMILIOPSIS Saint-Joseph, 1894 Vermiliopsis biformis, new species (Plate 18, figs. 1-3, plate 19) Numerous individuals have been taken, including some in Santa Cata- lina Basin (Sta. 2130), attached to the dead shells of Lacqueus (brachio- pod) (Plate 18). The tube is characteristic in that the basal part is longitudinally ridged, with a high, dorsal keel, and the distal part is abruptly cylindrical, erect (Plate 18, fig. 1), resembling that of a Serpula. The animal within is a typical Vermiliopsis in that the oper- culum is inflated in its distal end (Plate 18, fig. 2) ; the stalk is smooth (Plate 18, fig. 3) or somewhat annulated. The species is more completely dealt with in another paper in preparation. General Considerations and Conclusions ‘The deep water polychaetes of southern California cannot be studied without consideration of the reports based on the collections of the U.S.S. Atpatross from the eastern Pacific Ocean in 1904, largely published by Moore (1909, 1911, 1923). It is rewarding to find that the species named in these reports have been nearly all re-discovered through the operations of the VELERo IV. Some strictly abyssal forms (preceded by “A” in the list below) may occur only occasionally in the outer series of basins (see another report in this volume), whereas most of the other species raay be eurybathic, some occurring over a wide range of depths and usually more closely associated with kinds of sedi- ments (ranging frcem muds to rocks) than with depths of bottom. Moore (1909 to 1923) recorded a total of 177 species based on the ALBaTROss collections, of which many were new at the time. Eighty-nine came from deep water (usually more than 300 fms) of which 10 may be regarded as abyssal, chiefly from depths greater than 1000 fms. Many of the others have been found at shallower depths and in other areas. These deep water and abyssal species are as follows: NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS’ 165 Family APHRODITIDAE A phrodita parva Moore, 1905, first reported from the Gulf of Geor- gia, western Canada, in 110-170 fms, later from California in 642-667 fms. A phrodita japonica Marenzeller, 1879, first recorded from Japan, later from southern California in depths to 640 fms. Laetmonice pellucida Moore, 1903, first recorded from Bering Sea, later off southern California in depths to 671 fms. A Laetmonice producta wyvillei McIntosh, 1885, first recorded from the Australian Antarctic in 50 to 1950 fms, and later off California in depths to 2195 fms. Family POLYNOIDAE Antinoella anoculata (Moore) 1910, first recorded off Monterey Bay and the Coronado Islands, in 618 to 766 fms. Eunoé barbata Moore, 1910, originally from shallow water, but also in Monterey Bay in depths to 1062 fms. Evarnella forcipata (Marenzeller) 1902, first recorded from southern Japan, later off California in depths to 580 fms. Evarnella fragilis (Moore) 1910, in depths of 95 to 600 fms. A Intoshella caeca (Moore) 1910, from abyssal depths to 1062 fms. Harmothoé tenebricosa Moore, 1910, in depths of 500 to 800 fms. Lepidonotus caelorus Moore, 1903, first recorded from Japan, later in shallow to 1400 fm depths, California. Macellicephala aciculata (Moore) 1910, in 549-585 fms. Macellicephala remigata (Moore) 1910, in 334-600 fms. A Admetella renotubulata (Moore) 1910, in 2196-2228 fms. Polynoé ?filamentosa Moore, 1910, in 334-600 fms. Family NEREIDAE Nereis procera Ehlers, 1868, first recorded off Washington, and California in shallow depths to 891 fms. Ceratonereis paucidentata (Moore) 1903, first recorded from Bering Sea in shallow bottoms, and southern California to 2228 fms. 166 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Family ONUPHIDAE A Hyalinoecia tubicola stricta Moore, 1911, in 1059 fms. Onuphis vexillaria Moore, 1911, in 243 to 468 fms. Nothria iridescens (Johnson) 1901, first recorded from Washington, and California in depths to 800 fms. Nothria pallida Moore, 1911, in 302 to 585 fms. A Nothria hiatidentata Moore, 1911, in 1059 fms. Family EUNICIDAE Eunice multipectinata Moore, 1911, in 32 to 357 fms. Eunice ?hawaitiensis Treadwell, 1906, in 1062 fms. Family LUMBRINERIDAE Lumbrineris index Moore, 1911, in shallow depths to 704 fms. A Lumbrineris moorei Hartman, 1942, in 1350-2182 fms. Lumbrineris bifilaris Ehlers, 1901, first recorded from Chile, later off southern California, in shallow bottoms to 2182 fms. A Ninoé fusca Moore, 1911, in 2196-2228 fms. Family GLYCERIDAE Glycera capitata branchiopoda Moore, 1911, in 183 to 1400 fms. Glycera tesselata Grube, known from cosmopolitan areas, and off southern California to 648 fms. Family GONIADIDAE Goniada annulata Moore, 1905, first recorded from Alaska, south to southern California in 1400 fms. Goniada brunnea Treadwell, 1906, first recorded from Hawaii, later off southern California, in 618-667 fms. Glycinde armigera Moore, 1911, in shallow depths to 541 fms. Family ORBINIIDAE Phylo nudus Moore, 1911, in 168 to 497 fms. Family SPIONIDAE Spiophanes fimbriata Moore, 1923, in 38 to 633 fms. Laonice foliata (Moore) 1923, in shallow depths to 764 to 891 fms. Laonice sacculata (Moore) 1923, in 49 to 580 fms. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 167 Family CIRRATULIDAE Caulleriella gracilis (Moore) 1923, in depths of 197 to 2228 fms. Tharyx sp. (as T. multifilis Moore, 1909) in depths of 285-323 fms. Family OPHELIIDAE Ammotry pane aulogaster Rathke, cosmopolitan, and off southern Cali- fornia in shallow depths to 1059 fms. Family STERNASPIDAE Sternaspis fossor Stimpson, 1854, first recorded from eastern Canada, and off California in eurybathic depths. Family FLABELLIGERIDAE Pherusa papillata Johnson, 1901, first recorded from Washington, south to Lower California in 1400 fms. Brada pluribranchiata Moore, 1923, in 197-281 and to 766 fms. ?Pherusa collarifera Ehlers, 1887, first recorded off Florida, later off Point Loma to 488 fms. Family MALDANIDAE Asychis lacera (Moore) 1923, in 549-585 fms. Maldane cristata Treadwell, 1923, first recorded off Lower Gali: fornia in 475 fms, and southern California in 38-704 fms. Maldane sarsi Malmgren, 1865, first recorded from western Europe, and off southern California in 39 to 800 fms. Euclymene reticulata Moore, 1923, in 43-44 fms to 617-680 fms. Heteroclymene glabra Moore, 1923, in 243-280 fms. Tsocirrus longiceps (Moore) 1923, in 56-59 fms, and to 447-510 fms. Nicomache carinata Moore, 1906, first recorded off Alaska, and southern California in 143 to 1400 fms. Rhodine bitorquata Moore, 1923, in 75 to 766 fms. Notoproctus pacificus Moore, 1906, first recorded from Chatham Strait in 282-293 fms, and southern California in 2196-2228 fms. Praxillella gracilis (Sars) 1861, first recorded off Norway, and southern California in 49 to 766 fms. Praxillura maculata Moore, 1923, in 447-510 fms. 168 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL..22 Family AMPHARETIDAE A mage arieticornuta Moore, 1923, in 264-271 and 1083 fms; also north to western Canada (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1942). A mage scutata Moore, 1923, in 40-46 and 302-638 fms. Ampharete arctica Malmgren, 1866, first recorded from northern Europe, and California in 285 to 1041 fms. Ampharete grubei Malmgren, 1866, first recorded from northern Europe, and California to 766 fms. A mphicteis mucronata Moore, 1923, in 40 to 667 fms. Amphicteis scaphobranchiata Moore, 1906, first recorded off western Canada, and southern California in depths to 110 fms. Anobothrus gracilis Malmgren, 1866, first recorded from northern Europe, and southern California to 456 fms. Lysippe annectens Moore, 1923, in 38-55 to depths of 1059 fms. Melinna denticulata Moore, 1908, first recorded off Alaska, and southern California in depths to 585 fms. Melinna heterodonta Moore, 1923, in 849 to 1400 fms. A Melinnexis sp. (as Melinna pacifica Moore, 1923) off southern Cali- fornia in 264-271 and 1350-2182 fms. A Melinnexis tentaculata (TVreadwell) 1906, first recorded off Hawaii and off southern California in 2228 fms. Family TEREBELLIDAE Amphitrite cirrata Miller, 1771, first recorded from Iceland, and off southern California in 447-510 fms. Amphitrite robusta Johnson, 1901, first recorded off Washington, and southern California to 766 fms. Pista disjuncta Moore, 1923, in 18 to 640 fms. Family TRICHOBRANCHIDAE Terebellides stroemi Sars, 1835, first recorded from northern Europe, and southern California in shallow to 633 fms. Terebellides ehlersii McIntosh, 1885, first recorded off Fiji Islands, and southern California in 51 to 667 fms. Terebellides stroemi japonica Moore, 1903, first recorded off Japan, and southern California to 298 fms. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 169 Family SABELLIDAE Potamilla neglecta Sars, 1851, first recorded off northern Europe, and southern California in 243 to 287 fms. A Potamethus mucronatus (Moore) 1923, in 2196-2228 fms, also in 447 fms. Euchone magna Moore, 1923, in 75 to 271 fms. Family SERPULIDAE Protis pacifica Moore, 1923, in 243 to 265 fms. Among this list, species not yet recovered by operations of the VeLERO IV are some abyssal forms, especially scale-worms, and others inhabiting rocky bottoms; they are not satisfactorily sampled by the grabbing device used on the VELERO IV. Most of the species named in the list have a range of distribution limited to California, or extend northward to western Canada or Japan, and south to western Mexico; a few are cosmopolitan. Bathymetrically considered, most of the species in the basins are found also on the slopes (to 350 fms) or on the shelf. However, those normally attaining their maximum abundance or development on the shelf, are usually subnormal at basin depth. Those typically occurring in basin depths seldom range to shelf depths. ; Deep water and/or abyssal polychaetes of world-wide areas have been named and summarized by others. McIntosh (1885) named 83 from collections of the CHALLENGER expedition. Two species were named from 3125 fms; 22 from 2000 to 3000 fms; 45 from 1000 to 2000 fms, and 14 species from depths of 600 to 1000 fms. The relative numbers of species from different depth classes are not significant, since there was no attempt at a method of grid sampling. However, it is sig- nificant that none of the species were represented in more than one depth class. The best represented families 6r superfamilies were the ampharetids, maldanids, terebellids, Eunicea and scale-worms. Eliason (1951) summarized 150 species from depths of more than 3000 meters (about 1500 fms). The families best represented were again the ampharetids, scale-worms, terebellids, maldanids and serpulids. Kirkegaard (1954) recognized 213 abyssal species, of which only 11 are regarded as cosmopolitan; but about half of these are eurybathal, leaving only 5 abyssal cosmopolitan species. These are Laetmonice fili- cornis Kinberg, L. producta willemoesi McIntosh (all scale-worms) and 170 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL..22 Maldanella harai (Izuki) (a maldanid). None of these has been identi- fied from the basins of southern California. Kirkegaard concluded that about a third of the total number occur in shallow parts (to 2000 meters) of the abyss, 111 species at depths below 2000 meters, and only 32 species are ultra-abyssal. Later (1956, p. 70) he named polychaetes from depths of 6000 meters depth or more. Of these 10 were regarded as abyssal, occurring in temperatures below 4° C. Two, Macellicephala abyssicola Fauvel, a polynoid, and Kesun abyssorum Monro, an opheliid, occur in all three major oceans. Iwo others are in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, one is in the Pacific and Indian oceans, and two are from the deep Pacific ocean. Five out of 15 species are eurybathic and eurythermal. In this connection it should be noted that the specific identity of at least two species may be doubted. Tharyx multifilis Moore, first named from shallow water of southern California, is recorded from the Banda trench in 6580 meters. Ancistrosyllis constricta Southern, named from the east coast of India in shallow waters of high temperatures, is re- corded from the same trench and depth. It seems likely that these specific entities have been given too broad an interpretation, and that a com- parison with materials from type localities will disclose specific differ- ences. The only typical abyssal genera recovered from the basins of southern California are Laetmonice, Hyalinoecia and Ilyphagus. Species which may be regarded as strictly deep water, and extending into abyssal depths are: Leanira calcis and L. alba, Euphrosine paucibranchiata, Lumbrineris moorei and L. longensis, Ceratocephala loveni pacifica, Nereis anoculis, Eunereis caeca, Onuphis vexillaria, Ninoe fusca, Phylo nudus, Califia calida, some paraonids, opheliids, maldanids, ampharetids, and terebellids. A general feature concerning the polychaetes is the telescoping or reduction of characters from those usually present in representatives of shallower water. Many of the species nearly, but not quite agree, with those from shelf depths. Typical examples are Glycera capitata bran- chiopoda Moore which differs from G. capitata Oersted chiefly in that the branchial portion of parapodial lobes is noticeably longer than in shallow water forms. Goniada brunnea has a transition region from thorax to abdomen farther forward than in shelf specimens. Tharyx tesselata is usually pale white and very fragile from basin depths, whereas specimens from shallow water tend to be dark to deep purple and inhabit tough, chitinized tubes. Scalibregma inflatum has prolonged parapodial bases in deep water specimens, while those from shallow bottoms have NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 171 short parapodia. Maldane sarsi has a characteristic melanistic pigment pattern when coming from shallow bottoms; deep water representatives are pale. Prionospio pinnata, in shallow bottoms, has prostomial eyes and greater overall size, whereas in deep bottoms it nearly lacks eyes and specimens are smaller. Terebellides stroemi from basin depths is smaller and has branchiae less compact than from shallow depths. Other examples might be cited. 172 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 LITERATURE CITED ANNENKOVA, N. P. 1931. Zur Polychaetenfauna von Franz-Joseph-Land (Melinnexis gen. nov. arctica sp. n.). Zool. Anz. Leipzig, vol. 95, pp. 269-272, 4 figs. 1934. Paraoniden der Meeren des fernen Ostens der U.S.S.R. C. R. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S., pp. 656-661, figs. 1-3. 1937. Fauna Polychaeta severnoi chasti Iaponskogo Moria. The polychaete fauna of the northern part of the Japan Sea. Issledovaniia morei SSSR, fasc. 23, pp. 139-216, 60 figs. 1938. Polikhety severnoi chasti Iaponskogo Moria i ikh fatsial’noe i ver- tikal’noe raspredelenie—Polychaeta of the North Japan Sea and their horizontal and vertical distribution. Gidrobiol. eksped. 1934 g. Iaponskoe More. Trudy, v. 1, pp. 81-230. AUGENER, H. 1924. Polychaeta von Neuseeland. I. Errantia. Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kgbenhavyn, vol. 75, pp. 241-441, 11 figs. 1926. Polychaeten von Neuseeland. Sedentaria. Foren. Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Kgbenhavn, vol. 81, pp. 157-294, figs. 1-22. BARNARD, J. L. AND O. HARTMAN 1959. The sea bottom off Santa Barbara, California: Biomass and community structure. Pacific Naturalist, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 1-16, figs. 1-7, tables 1-7. BERKELEY, E, AND C. BERKELEY 1938. Notes on Polychaeta from the coast of western Canada. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 1, pp. 33-49, figs. 1-12. 1941. On a Collection of Polychaeta from Southern California. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 40, pp. 15-60, figs. 1-18. 1950. Notes on Polychaeta from the coast of western Canada. IV. Poly- chaeta sedentaria. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12, vol. 3, pp. 50-69, figs. 1-8. 1951. A second record of the polychaetous annelid Potamethus elongatus (Treadwell). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 41, pp. 333-334, figs. 1-4. 1948-1952. Polychaeta errantia and Polychaeta sedentaria. Canadian Pacific Fauna, vol. 9b (1) and (2), pp. 1-100, 1-139, figs. 160 and 292. 1956. Notes on Polychaeta from the East Coast of Vancouver Island and from adjacent waters, with a description of a new species of Aricidea. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, vol. 13, pp. 541-546, figs. 1-6. CAULLERY, M. 1944. Polychétes sedentaires de |’Expedition du SIBOGA. Siboga-Exped. Leiden, vol. 24.2 bis, pp. 1-204, figs. 1-157. CHAMBERLIN, R. V. 1919a. New polychaetous annelids from Laguna Beach, California. Jour. Entom. Zool. Claremont Coll., vol. 11, pp. 1-23. 1919b. The Annelida Polychaeta. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 48, pp. 1-514, pls. 1-80. NO. 2 EHLERS, E. 1868. 1887. 1901. HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP RASINS’ 173 Die Borstenwurmer. Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann. pp. 269-748, pls. 12-24. Report on the annelids of the dredging expedition of the U.S. coast survey steamer BLAKE. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 15, pp. 1-335, pls. 1-60. Die Polychaeten des magellanischen und chilenischen Strandes. Fest- schrift zur Feier des 150 jahrigen Bestehens der K. Gesells. Wiss. Gottingen. pp. 1-232, pls. 1-25. E.iason, A. 1951. FAUVEL, P. 1913. 1914. Polychaeta. Reports of the Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition. Vol. II, Zool- ogy. No. 11, pp. 131-148, pl. 1. Quatriéme note preliminaire sur les Polychétes provenant des cam- pagnées de l’Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice, ou deposées dans le Musée océanographique de Monaco. Bull. Inst. océanogr. Monaco, no. 270, pp. 1-80, figs. 1-13. Annélides polychétes non-pelagiques provenant des campagnes de Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice (1885-1910). Rés. Camp. sci. Monaco, fasc. 46, pp. 1-432, 31 pls. 1923-1927. Polychétes errantes, and Polychétes sedentaires. Faune de France, 1932. 1953. vols. 5 and 16, pp. 1-488, and 1-494, 188 and 152 figs. Annelida polychaeta of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Mem. Indian Mus. Calcutta, vol. 12, pp. 1-262, 9 pls., 40 textfigs. Annelida Polychaeta. The Fauna of India. Allahabad, pp. 1-507, figs. 1-250. FisHer, W. K. 1949. Additions to the Echiuroid fauna of the North Pacific Ocean. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 99, pp. 479-497, pls. 28-34. HARTMAN, O. 1936. 1938. 1940. 1941. 1942. 1944. 1945. 1947. New species of polychaetous annelids of the family Nereidae from California. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 83, pp. 467-480, figs. 1-8. Descriptions of new species and new generic records of polychaetous annelids from California of the families Glyceridae, Eunicidae, Stau- ronereidae and Opheliidae. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., vol. 43, pp. 93- 112, figs. 1-63. Polychaetous annelids. Chrysopetalidae to Goniadidae. Allan Han- cock Pacific Exped., vol. 7, pp. 173-287, pls. 31-44. Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., vol. 7, pp. 289-324, pls. 45-48. The identity of some marine annelid worms in the United States Na- tional Museum. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 92, pp. 101-140, figs. 1-15. Polychaetous annelids. Eunicea . . . Sabellariidae. Allan Hancock Pa- cific Exped., vol. 10, pp. 1-310, pls. 1-26. ‘The marine annelids of North Carolina. Duke Univ. Marine Sta. Bull. no. 2, pp. 1-54, pls. 1-10, 2 charts. Capitellidae, Pilargiidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., vol. 10, pp. 391-523, pls. 43-63. 174 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 1950. Polychaetous annelids. Goniadidae, Glyceridae, Nephtyidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., vol. 15, pp. 1-181, pls. 1-19, 3 figs. 1952. Iphitime and Ceratocephala (Polychaetous annelids) from California. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 51, pp. 9-20, pls. 3, 4. 1955a. Quantitative survey of the benthos of San Pedro basin, southern Cali- fornia. Part I. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., vol. 19, pp. 1-185, charts 1, 2, plates 1-7. 1955b. Endemism in the North Pacific Ocean, with emphasis on the distribu- tion of marine annelids, and descriptions of new or little known species. Essays in the Natural Sciences in honor of Captain Allan Hancock, Los Angeles, California, pp. 39-60, pls. 1-4. 1956. Polychaetous annelids erected by Treadwell, 1891 to 1948, together with a brief chronology. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 109, pp. 239-310, plazi. 1957. Orbiniidae, Apistobranchidae, Paraonidae and Longosomidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., vol. 15, pp. 211-393, 1 chart, pls. 20-44. 1959. Catalogue of the Polychaetous Annelids of the World. In 2 parts. Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. no. 23, pp. 1-628. HEsste, C. 1917. Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala, vol. 5, pp. 39-258, pls. 1-5, figs. 1-66. Horst, R. 1923. On three remarkable Annelida Polychaeta. Zool. Meded. Leyden, vol. 7, pp. 221-224, 2 figs. Jounson, H. P. 1901. The Polychaeta of the Puget Sound region. Proc. Boston Soc, Nat. Hist., vol. 29, pp. 381-437, pls. 1-19. KIRKEGAARD, J. B. 1954. The Zoogeography of the abyssal Polychaetes. IUBS, Naples, Ser. B, no. 16, pp. 40-43. 1956. Benthic Polychaeta from depths exceeding 6000 meters. Galathea Re- port, vol. 2, pp. 63-78, figs. 1-13. Kramp, P. L. 1959. Stephanoscyphus (Scyphozoa). Galathea Report, vol. 1, pp. 173-188, text-figs. 1-12, pl. 1, figs. 1-13. McIntTosH, W. C. 1885. Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H.M.S. CHALLEN- GER during the years 1873-76. Challenger Reports, vol. 12, pp. 1-554, pls. 1-55, 1a-39a. MAtmcrery, A. J. 1867. Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Gronlandiae, Islandiae et Scandi- naviae hactenus cognita. Forhandl. Ofy. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., vol. 24, pp. 127-235. MARENZELLER, E. 1879. Siidjapanische Anneliden. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 41, pp. 109-152, pls. 1-6. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 175 MESNIL, F. and P. FAUVEL 1939. Polychétes sédentaires de l’expédition des stnoGA. Maldanidae, Cirratu- lidae, Capitellidae, Sabellidae et Serpulidae. Siboga-Exped., vol. 24.2, pp. 1-42, figs. 1-12. Monro, C. 1933. The Polychaeta Errantia and Sedentaria collected by Dr. C. Crossland at Colén in the Panama region and the Galapagos Islands during the expedition of the S.Y. St. George. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 1-96, 1039-1092, figs. 1-36, 1-31. 1937. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34. Scientific Reports. Polychaeta, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 243-321, 28 figs. 1939. Polychaeta. Antarctic Research Expedition, 1929-1931. Adelaide, Aus- tralia. Reports, Ser. B. vol. 4, pt. 4, pp. 89-156, 28 figs. Moore, J. P. 1902. Descriptions of some new Polynoidae with a list of other Polychaeta from North Greenland waters. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 54, pp. 258-278, pls. 13, 14. 1903. Polychaeta from the coastal slope of Japan and from Kamchatka and Bering Sea. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 55, pp. 401-490, pls. 23-27. 1906. Additional new species of Polychaeta from the north Pacific. Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., vol. 58, pp. 217-260, pls. 10-12. 1909-1923. The polychaetous annelids dredged by the U.S.S. Albatross off the coast of southern California in 1904. Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., vol. 61, pp. 321-351, pls. 15, 16; vol. 62, pp. 328-402, pls. 28-33; vol. 63, pp. 234-318, pls. 15-21; vol. 75, pp. 179-259, pls. 17, 18. NUTTING, C. C. 1909. Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, pp. 681-727, pls. 84-91. OKxupDA, S. 1939. Annelida Polychaeta in Onagawa Bay and its vicinity. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., ser. 4, Biol., vol. 14, pp. 219-244, pls. 1-14. TREADWELL, A. L. 1906. Polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands, collected by the steamer ALBATROSS in 1902. Bull. U.S. Fish Com., Wash., vol. 23, pp. 1145- 1181, 81 figs. 1922. Polychaetous annelids collected at Friday Harbor, State of Washington, in February and March, 1920. Pub. Carnegie Inst. Wash., no. 312, pp. 171-181, 37 figs. 1941. Polychaetous annelids from the New England region, Porto Rico and Brazil. Amer. Mus. Novitat. N.Y., no. 1138, pp. 1-4, figs. 1-12. UscHAKov, P. V. 1953. Novye vidy mnogoshchetinkovykh chervei iz semeistva Phyllodocidae (Polychaeta). Trudy Inst. Okeanol., Akad. nauk SSSR, vol. 12, pp. 311-321, figs. 1-5. 1955. Mnogoshchetinkovye chervi dal’nevostochnykh Morei SSSR _ (Poly- chaeta). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Akad. nauk SSSR, no. 56, pp. 1-445, figs. 1-164. 176 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 1957. K faune mnogoshchetinkovykh chervei (Polychaeta) Arktiki i Antark- tiki, Zool. Zhur., Moscow, vol. 36, pp. 1659-1672, figs. 1-7. 1958a. Novye i interesnye vidy mnogoshchetinkovykh chervei (Polychaeta) iz raiona iuzhnogo Sakhalina i iuzhnykh Kuril’skykh Ostrovov. Issled. dal’nevost. morei SSSR, Akad. nauk SSSR, vol. 5, pp. 78-89, figs. 1-6. 1958b. [On the discovery of the polychaete (Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel, family PHYLLODOCIDAE) in the Yellow Sea.] [In Chinese]. Acta Zool. Sinica, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 416-419, pl. 1. WESENBERG-LUND, E. 1950. Polychaeta. Ix The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, Vol. 4, no. 14, pp. 1-92, pls. 1-10, figs. 12, 67 charts. ZENKEVITCH, L. A. 1957. Novyi rod i dva novykh vida glubokovodnykh ekhiurid dal’nevostoch- nykh morei i severo-zapadnoi chasti tikhogo okeana. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, vol. 23, pp. 291-295, figs. 1-6. Pisa S lit. 178 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 PLATE 1 1. Stephanoscyphus simplex (Kirkpatrick. (San Clemente Basin) Entire tube with pedal disk, distal end partly broken away, x 35. 2. Distichoptilum verrillii Studer. (San Clemente Basin) A specimen, in 3 pieces, showing the basal bulb, the thickened region of the stem, and part of the shaft with polyps, x 8. ge. BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS HARTMAN, BARNARD: NO. 180 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 ALANINE, 2 Prometor poculum, new species (sta. 6051) 1. Entire animals, in left lateral view, x 1. bo . Nephridia, nephridiopore and projecting setae, in ventral view, xX 7. ww . Posterior end, showing anal pore and circlet of gland cells, anal glands and posterior end of alimentary tract, <7 4. Seta, projecting from setal pore, showing an undamaged spatulate seta, x 55. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 181 ante WHsbI kre inae nator! Bats maeanes aa. 182 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VORe2e PLAWE 3 Lagisca pedroensis, new species (sta. 2500) re . Elytron from middle region of body, from right side, in dorsal view, showing position of elytral scar and sur- face ornamentation, x 32. 2. Outer margin of elytrum, x 400. 3. Bifurcated neuropodial seta, x 112. 4, Distal end of neuropodial seta, showing rugosity in crotch, x 460. 5. Notopodial seta, x 112. SS) NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 183 : r oO pudgy Vor? DB ¥ Eb LLL LEEER MLE WAU WW EEE WAAL MOA RAGE MAL A eae 184 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLALe PLATE 4 Leanira calcis, new species (sta. 6340) 1. A median parapodium, in anterior view, x 38. 2. A composite, subacicular spinigerous seta, in three- fourths view, x 418. 3. A similar seta, in side view, x 418. 4. Another similar seta, seen on edge, x 418. 5. A composite, supra-acicular seta from a median para- podium, in side view, x 418. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 185 mat heoenne bn ty Nes ‘ ONENESS CPE ats 1S6 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 TPL SANIDIS, 5) Euphrosine pauctbranchiata, new species (sta. 3028) 1. Tip of a notopodial seta from an anteromedian para- podium, x 910. bo . Tip of a neuropodial seta from the same parapodium, XaTTOE ?Eteone sp. (sta. 5937) . A median parapodium, in anterior view, x 140. we 4. A composite spinigerous seta, showing structure and orna- mentation at articulation, x 560. HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 187 188 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PEADEN6 Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel (sta. 5947) 1. Anterior end, showing prostomium and first 16 setigerous segments, in dorsal view, x 57. 2. Tenth parapodium, showing arrangement of parapodial lobes, in anterior view, x 210. 3. Articulation of a composite neuropodial seta, showing details of distal end of shaft with sheath, and denticu- late teeth of appendage, x 2500. ViOlew22 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 189 | 190 we ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS JIILAMIES 7 Nerets anoculis, new species (sta. 6345) . Parapodium from a posterior region, showing relations of parapodial lobes, setae and acicula, x 38. Distal end of a heterogomph falcigerous hook from a pos- terior neuropodium, x 120. . Distal end of a homogomph falcigerous hook from a pos- terior notopodium, x 120. Pilargis hamatus, new species (sta. 2311) A parapodium from a postmedian region, showing rela- tions of notopodial and neuropodial parts, x 125. . A large notopodial spine from a posterior parapodium, x 440. . An inferior, distally bifid neuropodial seta from a_poste- rior parapodium, x 2010. No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 19] Ay Vesta Us Nin 192 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 8 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica (sta. 5939) 1. Tenth parapodium, in anterior view, x 210. 2. Proboscidial jaw piece, dissected out, showing teeth along cutting edge, x 175. VOL. QD _- NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 193 is) At Vi f) DT 4 i ish il yi 194. bo we nn ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS IEANINIS, G) Prionospio pinnata Ehlers (sta. 2193) Anterior end, in left lateral view, showing head and first 16 setigerous segments, with attached palpi and 3 pairs of bipinnately divided branchiae, x 16. . Ninth neuropodium, in anterior view, showing arrange- ment of uncini, capillary and genital setae, x 135. A hooded hook, seen from the side, x 1450. A hooded hook, in frontal view, x 1450. Base of genital spines and a hooded hook, seen protruding from neuropodial lobe, x 1445. VORA2Z2 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 195 196 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS vol. 22 PLATE 10 Spiophanes pallidus, new species (sta. 5943) 1, Anterior end of body, showing prostomium, foliaceous notopodial lobes, in dorsal view (palpi missing), x 44. 2. A hooded hook from a posterior neuropodium, x 1730, Phyllochactopterus limicolus, new species (sta. 2794) 3. Anterior end, showing first, second and part of third body regions, in three-fourths view, x 19. 4. A large modified spine from fourth setigerous segment, re MOI, 5. Uncinial plate from tenth setigerous segment, x 1987. A OF DEEP BASI No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAU? 198 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vole ZZ JANINE, Lil Tharyx tesselata, new species (sta. 5563) 1. Entire animal partly extended from the tattered tube, x 14. 1) . Anterior end, including first 4 setigerous segments, in dorsal view, x 70. we . Posterior end of body, showing inflated posterior segments and dorsal anal pore, in dorsal view, x 54. 4. A neuropodial seta with lateral serrations, from a_post- median segment, x 175. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 199 200 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vor. 22 RIVA a2 Tharyx monilaris, new species (sta. 4723 and 5586) 1. Entire animal, showing inflated anterior and_ posterior ends, with front end in left lateral view, and posterior end in dorsal view, showing relations of attached branchiae, and comparative lengths of setae, in atokous individual, x 80 (sta. 4723). 2. Anterior end of an epitokous individual (from sta. 5586), showing greatly enlarged ovigerous segments, and elongated setae, in dorsal view, x 115. No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 201 ( ‘ TS mf aw) \S\ . = a 1 <2 : , by ae ad ) \ . e RSS i Daneel GE ZF Sey Hy Ha RS Gel CG) Ke 2 in ue \ ratG) ee en 202 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Ol, AZ . oa PILANINIS, i135 Tlyphagus ilyvestis, new species (sta. 6351) 1, Entire animal in dorsal view, x 12. 2. Distal end of a neuropodial seta, x 400. 3. Part of a notopodial seta, showing proportions of cross bars near the distal end, x 400. No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 203 Sg aN AS NS) \S \ a 32 a ws ae = RN A) & TN XQ) ST Set = BSIRYS Se S80, LSE Die SY, = SS bo, Pye Zi : he Ken? D Cc Nis ye S oY aw. Bee \ ) ‘, ist AWN Ve iS v7; ) = a iON eS ete (| — CS \ GOW ayy AN We, Poe Pe iaNk Pincs SO) Y TOES 5 24 Lee BON irs ‘9 = Sy UY OS BO =SNN) fev) at GUS SS pes an I SR = Boas // ap KGL Ee hl Re x es cise e 204 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 PLATE 14 Brada glabra, new species (sta. 6341) 1, Sixteenth, or a median, parapodium, x 134. 2. Last parapodium, x 134. Ammotrypane pallida, new species (sta. 3031) . Anterior end of the body, in left lateral view, showing the prostomial palpode, everted nuchal organ and fim- briated everted pharynx, in anterior region, and the relations of branchiae and parapodia on segments, xeZille w 5 0) 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS NO. 2 206 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 TAL AN IDIE 115) Lumbriclymene lineus, new species (sta. 5935) 1. Anterior end including first 5 setigerous segments, in left lateral view, x 18. nD . Posterior end including last setigerous segment and pygidium, in right lateral view, x 18. Praxillella trifila, new species (sta. 6341) 3. Posterior end shown extending from an arenaceous tube, with extended anal cone and 3 long cirri, x 22. aS . Rostrate, long handled uncinus from a median neuro- podium, in lateral view, x 1010. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 207 208 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 16 Myriochele pygidialis, new species (sta. 5944) . Entire animal in dorsal view, x 14. . Anterior end, including first 4 setigerous segments, in ventral view, x 90. . Posterior end, showing pygidial cirri, in right lateral view, x 90. . Long handled uncinus, with 2 distal teeth, in lateral view, x 4000. Myriowenia californiensis, new species (sta. 2175) . Anterior end, in left lateral view, x 40. . Uncinus from a neuropodium, x 2750. VOL 22 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 209 210 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOlnLe PILI, 17/ A mage longtbranchiata, new species (sta. 3020) Entire animal in dorsal view, showing branchiae ex- tended and peristomial membranes turned back to disclose nuchal organs, x 15. 211 P BASINS E 5 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DI NO. 2 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 bo is i) PLATE 18 Vermiltopsis biformis, new species (sta. 2130) 1. Tube attached to fragment of shell of Lacqueus, showing dual character of tube, with the proximal part fully attached and dorsally ridged, and the distal part erect and cylindrical, x 12. 2. Operculum with stalk contracted and appearing annular, x95 . Operculum with stalk from another individual, not an- nular, x 90. we 213 BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS HARTMAN, BARNARD NO. 2 N \ \\y \ Wie \\ Wie ‘ / y / If, )/ Wy] Wf //f , Uy Mh ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PATE 19 Vermiliopsis biformis, new species (sta. 2288) Two valves of Lacqueus, in dorsal view, showing attached tubes of Vermiliopsis biformis, slightly enlarged. VOL: 22 NO. 4 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS PANS) N NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 217 THE BENTHIC FAUNA OF THE DEEP BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: CONTINUED STUDIES IN THE SEAWARD AND DEEPER BASINS | BY Oxca HarTMAN and J. LAURENS BARNARD INTRODUCTION This report is a continuation and conclusion to that of Hartman and Barnard 1958, concerning new samples taken in basins previously unre- ported on, especially in those farther seaward and deeper. Only 43 new samples are considered, covering some of the previously explored basins, but largely the Santa Cruz, San Nicolas, Tanner, West Cortes, East Cortes, San Clemente, Long and Velero Basins, with a few samples from the San Diego trough, a filled basin nearshore and the Patton escarpment, marking the borderland area from the abyssal sea floor. Due to the greater distance from the operating base and greater depths, these samples have been more costly to recover than the 102 previous samples from shallow basins. . Although many of the twelve major basins are still poorly sampled, we believe those reported on provide the framework on which approxi- mations can be made concerning the general biological structure of these huge subsill bottom areas, because threads of similarity are interwoven among groups of the basins, as will be discussed below. We have revised Table 1 of our previous report to include the new data and have added triangular marks to our previous station map for the new samples (Map 1). 218 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are indebted to the National Science Foundation for providing a research grant to support time aboard the Research M/S VELERO IV in collecting the samples. The laboratory work was done using the facilities of the Allan Hancock Foundation. We must thank Mr. Gilbert F. Jones for supervising the collection and washing of many of the sam- ples and Dr. K. O. Emery for aiding in collecting and arranging ship time. Dr. Mathilde Schwabl of Vienna identified the solenogasters; a manuscript with new names will be published in the future. We are especially indebted to Mr. Fred Ziesenhenne, first officer of the VEL- ERO IV and echinoderm specialist, who provided names of those ani- mals. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the support and interest of Captain Allan Hancock, who has continued to supply deficiencies in the running costs of ship-time and has provided for the publication of results. METHODS Samples were taken largely with the Campbell grab, which collects a plug of sediment 0.55 square meters in area, and up to 150 liters in volume. The Campbell grab is a modification of the Petersen and Van Veen grabs, substituting heavy weight for the arms of the Van Veen grab. It is more useful in deep water than the Hayward orange-peel- grab, for it takes a larger sample and is not beset with problems of wash- ing out that occur when using the orange-peel grab in deep water. All of the Campbell grab samples reported herein were collected at full capacity of the grab. The samples were screened aboard ship through a mechanical shaker screen of 1 mm mesh, as were all samples in our previous report. The 1 mm mesh screen has inside openings 0.7 mm across. ‘The samples were preserved, rewashed and completely sorted in the laboratory. STANDING CROP Standing crop was measured as wet, drained weight of animals pre- served in formaldehyde, after screening through 1 mm mesh screens. Tubes of polychaetes were removed before weighing but shell weights of mollusks were included. Mollusks were poorly represented and very thin shelled. Grams per square meter were calculated on the basis of area of the two grabs, 0.25 square meter for the Hayward and 0.55 PA) BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS HARTMAN, BARNARD NO. 98 cel eV 86 99 ve 99 68 er 19 cl LT Ie OS ‘ul ‘bs 19d s]eurue POON 0° On. CY e(L°6b) OCT hee) CT Gay OO! oS OG £8 VY cS TOE) 8c ‘u'bs/sws “Aw ‘doio SUIPUryS OC tS OF ec Cr IZ 06 c¢ 61] VC STI VC saroads SUIAT] JO ReN N Tet NOES NOC LOD GT OV I] 6] OZ g sajdures CMEBNUETE| ZOE ON ILSC 8f6l 661 LOIC 69L1 ESST cest 9961 LSEl 8£6 cl6 Lc9 w10}}0gq C061 L691 CIrl 9181 Geral! SOIT SOIT cs0l bL6 LEL LEL SLY IIIS siaqaw ur syydaq plointysa sB1v] VUO YAIAA, sysnjjou AAvoy YFIAA, ysnol [, osatq ues Juouidivosy u0}3e J O19]9 A Su0’T $9}107) sey 9}UdUIaTZ) URS S9}107) SOAK IguUe [, SVTOSINT US ZNIZ) vIUs BUI[eIVD) vJULS BoIUOT, vJULS O1pag urs viegivg vyurg uIseg JO sWIeN "(QUINOA sIy} ‘[ JoquINNY WIZ pastady ) ‘RIULOJI[VD) UIOYINOS YO sulseq 94} WOIF vJep [wIISOTOIq pu [eoIskyg *] Iq" TL VOL. 22 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 220 *}X9] 99S ‘uIseg SBJOITNT ues SUIQVUIUUNT Ty. O'00T 6'C £0 6TI S73 vce 0'9€ % FPYS 0°001 fo «(91) 96 vOl OS LL 0°c9 % suiseg 1210.7, s191O eprnoundig BOsn|[OP —- BJBULIapouTYyo| B20BIsNnID BIVqIA[Og “F[PYs [vISvOD ay pue sulseq ay} wor sdnoiZ d1auadoyAyd [etaaas ul o3v]UadI19d jeuney & se Aduanbaty [Bol1ounu fo Oey °Z 198.1 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 221 square meter for the Campbell grab. Except for San Pedro, Santa Monica and Santa Catalina Basins, the data are not reliable, due to the small number of samples. However, none of the figures is widely divergent. The shallow basins have about the same standing crop as basins two or three times deeper; but we have previously discussed the low oxygen values for the shallow basins because of the oxygen minimum layer lying at the depth of water supply (see Number 1). It would be expected that food supplies to the deeper and seaward basins would be smaller than to shallow basins, so that food might be a limiting factor to standing crop in the deeper basins, while in the shal- lower basins the limitations are in oxygen. We reemphasize the theoreti- cal consequences of this situation, in that shallow basins are provided with larger organic food supplies, which are reworked at a slower rate (discounting bacteria) and thus accumulate and are lost by burial, espe- cially since sedimentation should be faster in the shallow nearshore basins. However, it must be remembered that high plankton productivity occurs over the Santa Rosa-Cortes ridge seaward of the Santa Cruz and San Nicolas Basins, so that some increase in sedimenting organic matter might be expected in adjacent deeper basins, more than if the relationship of distance from shore to food supply were direct. ABUNDANCE OF ANIMALS IN THE BASINS The frequency of animal specimens on an areal basis is quite low in the basins as compared with the shallow coastal shelf. A uniform calcula- tion of abundance in the basins is impossible, for each basin has not been uniformly sampled in relation to any other. However, the simple average of abundance taken from Table 1 of 71 animals per square meter in the basins is a remarkable contrast to the 3954 animals per square meter for the coastal shelf and upper slope (10 to 200 meters), based on 176 samples assessed in the progress of our shelf studies, which are materials as yet unpublished. : The ratio among various phylogenetic groups shows considerable contrast between basins and shelf, as listed in Table 2. On the shelf, crustaceans and polychaetes are of equal abundance, whereas in the basins polychaetes are eight times more abundant than crustaceans. Echinoderms are less than half as numerous in the basins but mollusks remain of about the same percentages. Because of the high frequency of sipunculids in San Nicolas Basin, the sipunculid percentage is greatly increased in the basins; but Table 2 shows the percentage recalculated ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL, 22 222 BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA \n ‘ \\ \ \ EX \ \ \ \ \ \ YA \\) ep LAN A Q \ \\ VA \ K\\ x \ ‘a \\ \ \ \ 3 AP M Basins off southern California. Dots re previous reported present samples reported on in ). Triangles represent new samples report (Number 1, this volume on herein. No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 223 after removal of the San Nicolas basin data. Nevertheless sipunculids are more than five times as abundant in the basins as on the shelf. The question might arise that crustaceans, as surface dwellers and not deep burrowers, and as excellent swimmers, would be lost from the samples when the grab strikes bottom or as it is drawn to surface. No doubt large fast swimming demersals such as euphausiids and large amphipods are able to escape the grab, but they are able to do so in shallow water as well. Almost all of the crustaceans recovered are known as shallow burrowing types; but the ratio of abundance is still quite low in the basins. It must be concluded, from the sparsity of crustaceans and the higher ratio of polychaetes and sipunculids, that the basins are a habitat favoring populations of wormlike organisms. It is probable that polychaetes are better adapted for bathyal and abyssal existence because of their sedentary lives and reduced activities, thus requiring less food and living longer than do most crustaceans, which are active movers and great food consumers. Parenthetically, isopods may be an exception, for they are a conspicuous part of abyssal faunas. The striking preponderance of polychaetes in the shelf, slope and basin faunas, with increase in relative faunal abundance with increased depth, suggests that abyssal areas may have a far larger polychaete population than previously considered. The sparsity of such records from abyssal areas is partly the consequence of a lack of quantitative deep burrowing grab samples. NUMBER OF SPECIES IN THE BASINS The trend of decrease of existing animal species in the ocean with increasing depth is well known but poorly documented in the literature. It is a monumental task to tally all-species of the oceans by depth and draw a graph to represent the information. Ekman (1953, p. 274) reproduces information from the CHALLENGER Expedition to document the trend sketchily. We are able to offer some information in this regard but only as an issue aside from the overall picture of the ocean, for the basins cannot be considered a typical part of the ocean floor, with such depths as representative of all similar oceanic depths. This is apparent for two reasons: first, the basins are close to shore and probably have higher food supplies than similar depths far from 224 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 shore; and secondly, the basins are enclosed by sills that alter the bottom water movements and oxygen supplies. We are unable to balance these opposing forces in terms of a trend, for we have no comparative data. On the basis of lowered oxygen values, some basins should have fewer species than similar depths with higher oxygen; on the basis of distance from shore and depth, the inshore basins should have a higher food supply and more numerous species than deeper offshore basins. It would appear that oxygen is the more critical limiting factor, since the three shallower basins with higher food supply have in two cases far fewer species than almost all other deeper basins; and in the case of the much better sampled San Pedro Basin with its 115 species, only slightly fewer than the poorly sampled Santa Catalina Basin with 119 species (Table 1). It is puzzling that Santa Monica Basin has less than 20% as many species as the San Pedro Basin, yet they have nearly the same bottom and sill depths and oxygen supplies. One factor is that many more samples have been taken in San Pedro Basin, but another factor may be that San Pedro Basin lies closer to shore than Santa Monica Basin, so that shelf species are able to settle easier. Thus, we conceive of larvae being carried down into the supply waters of the basins from shallower areas, either by sedimentation or by currents. Many of these species may be able to survive vegetatively after settling, but a continuance of the species occupying the bottoms depends on fresh supplies. San Pedro Basin is closer to shore and may be in a more favorable position from the hydrographic standpoint for a higher supply of such vegetative species. Emery (1954) shows that the water source for Santa Monica Basin trends north from the San Pedro Basin; these waters, once over San Pedro Basin, may be deficient in shallow water larvae. In Table 3 we see that Santa Monica Basin has the highest percentage of shelf species composing its fauna, 73% compared with 63% in San Pedro Basin; but Santa Monica Basin has only 11 species of which eight are shelf, while San Pedro Basin fauna has 176 species of which 48 are shelf. Greater distance from shore and greater depth are most comparable in Santa Catalina and San Nicolas Basins, each with 11 samples. Santa Catalina is the shallower and closer to shore, with 119 species, while San Nicolas has 90 species. In this same regard it is unfortunate that Santa Cruz and Long Basins cannot be compared ; but the samples from Santa Cruz were not perfect in their collection. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 225 RELATIONSHIP OF BASIN FAUNAS TO THE COASTAL SHELF About half the species occupying basin floors normally live on the coastal shelf in depths of 120 meters or less (Table 3). The three shallower nearshore basins have a higher percentage of shelf species, 68%, than three of the deepest offshore basins, which have only 46% of shelf species. The farthest basin, Tanner, of intermediate depth, has a surprising number of shelf species, 60%. Despite these remarkably high percentages of shelf species in the basins, the number of extremely eurybathic species on the coastal shelf is low. Thus, in the Polychaeta, Echinodermata, and Crustacea, there are 1106 species on the coastal shelf, of which 96 or 8.7% are eury- bathic and descend into the basin faunas. Many of the remaining 1010 species are eurybathic to the extent of descending onto the coastal slopes below 200 meters, but not into the basins. The Polychaeta and Crustacea common to five or more of the basins number 24, of which 67% are shelf species (Table 4). Table 3. Specific shelf component of Basin faunas, utilizing only Poly- chaeta, Crustacea, and Echinodermata, specifically known. TOTAL PERCENT OF BASIN NO.OF SPECIES . SHELF SPECIES San Pedro 76 63 Santa Monica 11 7s Santa Barbara 9 67 Santa Catalina 79 Sy Santa Cruz $/ 59 San Nicolas 55 53 ‘Tanner 48 60 West Cortes 26 62 San Clemente 35) 46 East Cortes 28 47 Long 35 46 Velero 13 31 Patton escarpment 28 50 San Diego trough 13 85 Total species of the three “phyla” in all the basins 184 52 VOL. 22 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS N 6rl é «OSs, g] LI é «OSs, = 8 GS cL cL satoads SNISVd oIpeqAina Jo 1aquinyy saroads Jo Jaquinny 9LT «OL, 8 «O0E;, «O0E;, 8cL ATHHS pezipign sayduivs jo raquin N SIO vVULIOpOUIYy IY voOsn] [OPAL vaovJsnic) vyovyoAjog dnoin *SI}EWTISI ISOTO 9}vOI pul S9jOn() “FPS ]e3svo7) pue SUISE 3y} wolf sdnois [eullue [e1aAVs UT sar1dads JO toquinu fo uostieduio7 42 2198 L NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 227 a] Species common to five or more Basins, the Polychaeta and Crus- tacea. No echinoderms are common to more than 4 Basins. Mollusks and others are not considered. S=Shelf inhabitant. Common to 10 Basins Aricidea uschakovi § Phyllochaetopterus limicolus Common to 9 Basins Terebellides stroemivar. § Common to 8 Basins Cossura candida §$ Goniada brunnea § Leiochrides hemipodus Paraonis gracilis § Rhodine bitorquata S Tharyx tesselata Common to 7 Basins Spiophanes fimbriata Common to 6 Basins Ninoe gemmeavar. S Heterophoxus oculatus S$ Common to 5 Basins Califia calida Chaetozone spinosa Drilonereis spp. Glycera capitata branchiopoda Lumbrineris limicola S$ Lysippe annectens § Myriochele pygidialis Nothria pallida §S Paralacydonia paradoxa Pista disjuncta § A pseudes sp. giant Harpinia fulgens §S 228 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 COMMUNITIES The description of communities has been a common endeavor in shallow marine waters but only to a small extent in deeper waters (see Thorson, 1957, and Bruun, 1957). Thorson has reviewed the community naming problem and set a list of standards which we are following in our shallow shelf work. According to Thorson, com- munities should be designated by names of common species dominating the samples by their frequency, replicativeness and standing crop. Thus, a single large echiuroid in a sample, though the largest part of the crop, is not a useful designator for a community, whereas some nu- merous organism of secondary weight importance is more useful, since it occurs repeatedly in the samples. On this basis, we have assembled the following list of common and characteristic species of the basins. The common recurrence of Phyllochaetopterus limicolus, Protis pacifica and dead shells of Cyclopecten zephyrus (living members of which probably are able to escape the grab), with their dominant aggregate crops, indicates that the subsill San Pedro and Santa Monica Basins can be designated as communities by those appellations. The remaining Basins, except Santa Barbara and Velero, have two species of common recurrence and major crop, Aricidea uschakovi and Tharyx tesselata, both polychaetes, by which we believe this bathyal basin community can be named. However, Tharyx tesselata is of minor importance in several basins, as seen below; but the frequency of sam- pling is low in most of those. Several Basins have differing facies and other major components which differentiate them from their fellow basins. Although the above two polychaetes are indicators in San Nicolas Basin, two other species, an unknown sipunculid and the clam Solemya ?johnsoni, dominate. The sipunculid is quite numerous and the con- spicuous part of each sample, while the So/emya, occurring nearly universally but only in ones or twos per sample, constitutes the principle crop. Thus, San Nicolas Basin might be called a subcommunity or facies dominated by these two species. Tanner Basin supports the Solemya as well, but not the sipunculids. West Cortes, San Clemente and East Cortes Basins have a characteristic polychaete species as sub- dominant, Ceratocephala loveni pacifica, and might be classified as a facies of the Aricidea-Tharyx community. San Clemente Basin has in addition a characteristic sea-whip Distichoptilum verrillii which, like the Solemya of San Nicolas, occurs in ones or twos but in submarine NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 229 photographs is the visible and characteristic overall dominant. Santa Barbara and Velero Basins are as yet too poorly known for such treatment. In summary, the communities might be so classified: Phyllochaetopterus limicolus-Protis pacifica-Cyclopecten zephyrus San Pedro and Santa Monica Basins Aricidea uschakovi-T haryx tesselata Santa Cruz, Long, Tanner Basins Facies Praxillella spp. Santa Catalina Basin Facies “‘sipunculids” San Nicolas Basin Facies Ceratocephala loveni pacifica West Cortes, San Clemente, East Cortes Basins Common and characteristic Basin species. Santa Barbara Paraonis multibranchiata San Pedro Phyllochaetopterus limicolus Protis pacifica Cyclopecten zephyrus Amphicteis scaphobranchia Maldane sarsi Aricidea nr. suecica Santa Monica Phyllochaetopterus limicolus Protis pacifica Cyclopecten zephyrus Santa Catalina Praxillella spp. O phiura leptoctenia Asychis lacera Aricidea uschakovi ( Tharyx tesselata) 230 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Santa Cruz Aricidea uschakovi Paraonis gracilis San Nicolas sipunculids Solemya spp. Ampharete sp. Aricidea uschakovi Tharyx tesselata ‘Tanner Solemya sp. Aricidea uschakovi West Cortes Ceratocephala loveni pacifica Aricidea uschakovi San Clemente Aricidea uschakovi Ceratocephala loveni pacifica Distichoptilum verrilli East Cortes Aricidea uschakovi Ceratocephala loveni pacifica Leiochrides hemipodus Long Aricidea uschakovi Onuphis vexillaria Tharyx tesselata Velero Not evident, too few samples Patton escarpment Aricidea uschakovi Tharyx tesselata San Diego trough Aricidea uschakovi Tharyx tesselata VOL..22 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 23 SIZE OF ANIMALS IN THE BASIN Large animals are not a conspicuous part of the basin samples but there are several reasons to believe that potential large animals have not been adequately sampled. The total frequency of animal specimens in the basins is 56 times less than on the coastal shelf. From our experience with shelf samples we can estimate rather accurately that only 1% of the shelf animals larger than 2 mm are conspicuously large organisms (that is, a worm longer than 20 mm or weighing more than one gram). A total of 3250 animals was collected from all the basin samples, thus providing by shelf comparison a potential total of only 32 conspicuously large basin animals. This is probably close to the total we actually recovered. Among these large organisms were two ghost shrimps, Calastacus quinqueseriatus, Callianassa gont- ophthalma, a large echiuroid Prometor poculum, another unnamed echiuroid, several large polychaetes, as follows: Onuphis vexillaria, Hyalinoecia tubicola stricta, Ilyphagus ilyvestis, Leanira calcis, L. alba, Clymenopsis cingulata, Asychis lacera, Myriochele pygidialis, Melin- nampharete eoa, Melinnexis moorei, three species of Praxillella and one or two large sipunculids. Florometra perplexa, the crinoid, has been seen in photographs of the bottom. Solemya ?johnsoni is the only large mollusk to be recovered. Because large organisms are widely dispersed, it is probable that a number of large species exist in the basins which we have not re- covered with our sparse sampling, and other motile ones may escape. What is of conspicuous interest is that all of the large animals in the basins are strictly bathyal species except Asychis lacera, which exists on the shallower coastal slopes, as shallow as 75 meters. Not one of the large common shelf species, such as the echiuroid Listriolobus pelodes, the holothurian Molpadia intermedia, or the numerous poly- chaetes in the genera Glycera, Nephtys, the family Maldanidae, Onuphidae, and others, is to be found in the basins. On the other hand, many small-sized shelf species exist in the basins, as seen by Table 3. Wherever generic and family comparisons can be made in the Polychaeta from basin to shelf, the bathyal basin species are larger than their phylogenetic shelf equivalents, but where shelf species oc- cupy the basin floors they are smaller, and less well developed in terms of segmental count, gills, pigment and eyes. 232, ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BASIN ANIMALS So little is known of the wider distribution of the shelf and slope fauna of the eastern Pacific that any remarks on the zoogeography of the basin animals seem almost pointless. “The fauna of the basins is dominated by strictly bathyal species, although many basins have more than 50% of their species of shelf origin. We consider most of the shelf species to be strays and they rarely or never dominate a sample. Only two of the basins, San Clemente and Velero, barely extend into abyssal regions (2000 meters). As many of the important polychaetes are new species (see Hartman, this paper) and have no other distribution records, some may prove to be “hidden” abyssal species having their shallowest occurrence in the deeper southern California basins. Kirkegaard (1954) has listed eleven cosmopolitan abyssal polychaetes. Six of these are eurybathic, of which two, Maldane sarsi and Terebellides stroemi, occur in the basins. The crustaceans are still poorly known; they are a mixture of species found at slope depths, a few new species and a number of badly broken unidentified ones. ‘(The most common species are Heterophoxus oculatus, a widespread shelf and slope species, found from Canada to Ecuador, the giant unknown Apseudes sp., and several species of Harpinia, all of which are new species. No known abyssal species have been recognized. The echinoderms are largely well known species, half of which live on the shelf, the other half of which are bathyal species with wide distribution along the eastern Pacific margin. Among the mollusks, Cyclopecten zephyrus Grau, 1959, is limited to three of the basins. Solenogasters are largely new basin species. The occurrence of tube collar fragments of Pogonophora from the deeper basins suggests faunal affinities with the abyssal sea floor and thus remoter areas of the Pacific. There would appear to be four kinds of faunal components in the basins: (1) the endemic and ‘“‘normal” bathyal fauna; (2) a very few species of abyssal origin which have their shallowest distributions in the deeper basins, such as Hyalinoecia tubicola; (3) a large group of small sized shelf species which descend into the basins and occupy the benthos as vegetative individuals; (4) a smaller group of eury- bathic species which are successful both on the shelf and in the basins. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD! BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 233 The latter two groups are difficult to segregate into lists of specific components without considerable research into their reproductive biology. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDY The borderland basins of southern California offer considerable interest and what we have tried to present in this study is an initial faunal compendium. The faunas of the various basins and groups of them are strikingly different in many respects, despite the framework of community similarity, and we envision the opportunity to approach new studies on a larger scale, with more statistical precision. Because of cost one cannot hope to sample the basins on such a close grid system as has been done on the shelf, but there is great need for more sampling. A program of sampling should be planned to assess each basin by samples in proportion to its metric area, with some additional samples in the smaller basins to provide a better cross section of species. Each sample analyzed adds species in diminishing numbers. On this basis, standing crop, species distribution and frequency could be assessed statistically and related to some of the following factors: depth, where the basins of the middle group provide depths of 1357, 1833, 1966 and 2107 meters, the outer basins 1551, 1769, 1938, 1979, and 2571 meters; distance from shore, where basins of the middle and outer groups could be compared, e.g., Santa Catalina, 1357 m, with Tanner, 1551 m, Santa Cruz, 1966 m, with East Cortes, 1979 m. Perhaps it is wise to suggest that the area of the basin may have some bearing on the faunas developed in it, with larger basins offering better catchments due to larger amounts of larvae-bearing water passing through them. On the other hand, smaller basins with steeper sides might offer greater diversity in environment, particularly in the grain size of sediments. The sills and ridges separating the basins need investigation as possible supply points for some vegetative species, but it must be re- membered that these shallower areas usually have coarser sediments, so that the environments and the faunas are not comparable. It should be expected that the banks have more species than the basins, since epifaunas are known to be richer in species; but it is possible that total standing crop and frequency of specimens on deep sills would be lower than in the basins where food might collect through entrapment. 234 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Comparative data from similar depths outside the basins is needed but again such data must not be gathered from highs or ridges where the environment is so obviously different. Instead, low gradient slopes with sediments comparable to those of the basins must be selected. It will be of great interest to see whether non-basin slopes are richer or poorer in animal life than the basins, remembering that basins have the positive factor of being food traps. Prof. Dr. Filatova, in her lecture at the 1959 New York Oceanographic Congress, stated that the abyssal areas (2000 or more meters) offshore of southern California were impoverished in comparison to other abyssal areas and she believes that the basins entrap food normally carried to the abyssal floor. Due to lack of cable, the Velero IV has not been able to sample below the Patton escarpment. No doubt some important species in the sediments of the basins have been neglected. These are the demersal animals of relatively high motility which move over the bottom or hover just above it, feeding on the bottom and contributing to or detrimenting the bottom in important ways. The use of equipment such as quantitative epi- benthic open-closing trawls and other devices, including the bathyscaphe, are required to assess the importance of this epibenthic fauna. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 235 LITERATURE CITED BARNARD, J. L. 1960. The Ariphipod family Phoxocephalidae in the eastern Pacific Ocean, with analyses of other species and notes for a revision of the family. Hancock Pac. Expeds. 18 (3) : 175-368, 75 plates, 1 chart. 1960a. New bathyal and sublittoral ampeliscid amphipods from California, with an illustrated key to Ampelisca. Pac. Nat. 1 (16): 1-36, pls. 1-11. Bruun, A. F. 1957. Deep sea and abyssal depths. In Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology, ed. J. W. Hedgpeth, Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 67, vol. 1 chapter 22, pp. 641-672, 9 figs., 3 pls. EKMAN, S. 1953. Zoogeography of the Sea. Sidgwick & Jackson, Ltd. London. pp. i-xiv, 1-417. GrRAU, G. 1959. Pectinidae of the eastern Pacific. Hancock Pac. Expeds. 23: 1-308, 57 pls. HARTMAN, O., and J. L. BARNARD 1958. The benthic fauna of the deep basins off southern California. Hancock Pac. Expeds. 22 (1) : 1-67, 2 pls., 1 chart. IUBS 1954. On the distribution and origin of the deep sea bottom fauna. Internatl. Union Biol. Sci. ser. B, no. 16, pp. 1-90, figs. Tuorson, G. 1957. Bottom Communities (Sublittoral or Shallow Shelf). Jz Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology, ed. J. W. Hedgpeth, Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 67, vol. 1, chapter 17, pp. 461-534, 20 figs. a eee hee un ia . ie =» eee _ a a ee oe (RE ete a ais eee re | 4 ) es ae ” ee ee 7 @ ote a 8 Ga aN one ee Ee I OS nf! YL Pee er a. | ao 8 port ger A ee “i : a a — ph pe ites ‘ a _ ) fa 7 omrt8Te > 7 iews 4) tee my ee & Ce ere > 7 ~ % a , Le oj > ” a NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 237 APPENDIX I DESCRIPTION OF VELERO: IV STATIONS IN THE BASINS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, COLLECTED SUBSEQUENT TO HARTMAN AND BARNARD, 1958 The letter prefix indicates the name of the basin: M = Santa Monica; C = Santa Catalina; Cr = Santa Cruz; N = San Nicolas; T= Tan- ner; Cl = San Clemente; L = Long; V = Velero; WC = West Cortes; EC = East Cortes; TR = San Diego trough; ESC = Patton escarpment. OPG = Hayward orange-peel bucket; CG = Campbell grab. M. 5675-57. April 5, 1957. 7.9 mi 211° T from Point Dume, 33-53- 25 N, 118-53-16 W, in 889 m. OPG took 71 L of green mud and clean gray sand. Cr. 5925-58. Nov. 5, 1958. 12 mi 211.5° T from Anacapa Island light, 33-50-40 N, 119-29-00 W, in 1302 m. OPG took 78 L of green silt. Cr. 5926-58. Nov. 5, 1958. 17 mi 206° T from Anacapa Island light, 33-45-30 N, 119-30-30 W, in 1941 m. OPG took 69 L of green silt. Cr. 5927-58. Nov. 5, 1958. 22.5 mi 213° T from Anacapa Island light, 33-42-05 N, 119-36-00 W, in 1912 m. OPG took 1 L of green silt. Cr. 5928-58. Nov. 5, 1958, 28.2 mi 211° T from Anacapa Island light, 33-37-00 N, 119-39-00 W, in 1395 m. OPG took 1 L of green silt. Cr. 5929-58. Nov. 6, 1958. 14 mi 279° T from Santa Barbara Island north light, 33-31-10 N, 119-18-30 W, in 1730 m. OPG took 48 L of green silt. Cr. 5930-58. Nov. 6, 1958. 16 mi 265° T from Santa Barbara Island north light, 33-27-45 N, 119-20-50 W, in 1626 m. OPG took 71 L of green silt. N. 5931-58. Nov. 6, 1958. 9.1 mi 147° T from San Nicolas Island east light, 33-06-00 N, 119-20-00 W, in 1609 m. OPG took 53 L of green silt. 238 ESC. ESC. wc WC. WC. EC. EC. EC: Ci: ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL, 22 5933-58. Nov. 7, 1958. 18.9 mi 276.5° from northwest harbor light, San Clemente Island, 33-04-00 N, 118-58-00 W, in 1749 m. OPG took 40 L of green silt. 5935-58. Nov. 8, 1958. 16.2 mi 019° T from Pyramid Head light, San Clemente Island, 33-04-16 N, 118-15-00 W, in 1138 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 5937-58. Nov. 9, 1958. 36.6 mi 234° T from Cortes Bank buoy, 32-05-10 N, 119-42-20 W, in 1380 m. OPG took 2 L of buff mud and rocks. 5938-58. Nov. 9, 1958. 37.6 mi 234° T from Cortes Bank buoy, 32-04-30 N, 119-43-20 W, in 1687 m. CG took 82 L of gray- yellow silty sandy gravel. 5939-58. Nov. 9, 1958. 17.8 mi 208° T from Cortes Bank buoy, 32-11-00 N, 119-18-00 W, in 1593 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 5940-58. Nov. 9, 1958. 14.5 mi 208° T from Cortes Bank buoy, 32-14-00 N, 119-15-00 W, in 1780 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 5941-58. Nov. 9, 1958. 11 mi 209.5° T from Cortes Bank buoy, 32-17-00 N, 119-14-00 W, in 1790 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 5942-58. Nov. 10, 1958. 23.5 mi 103° T from Cortes Bank Buoy, 32-21-00 N, 118-40-10 W, in 1745 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 5943-58. Nov. 10, 1958. 35 mi 106.5° T from Cortes Bank buoy, 32-16-30 N, 118-27-55 W, in 1675 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 5944-58. Nov. 10, 1958. 26.8 mi 117° T from Cortes Bank buoy, 32-14-20 N, 118-39-00 W, in 1688 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 5945-58. Nov. 12, 1958. 41 mi 226° T from Point Loma light, 32-11-45 N, 117-49-30 W, in 1947 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 5946-58. Nov. 12, 1958. 46.9 mi 231° T from Point Loma light, 32-10-30 N, 117-57-30 W, in 1996 m. CG took 16 L of green silt. 5947-58. Nov. 13, 1958. 55.25 mi 154° T from Cortes Bank buoy, 31-46-40 N, 118-38-35 W, in 2115 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. NO. 2 Ci ieee Oi Cl. IN: HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 239 5948-58. Nov. 13, 1958. 55.2 mi 149.5° T from Cortes Bank buoy, 31-39-00 N, 118-34-45 W, in 2360 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 5993-58. Nov. 30, 1958. 12.25 mi 147° T from Anacapa Island light, 33-50-45 N, 119-13-40 W, in 835 m. OPG took 18 L of dark green mud. 6089-59. Jan. 14, 1959. 29.5 mi 258° T from South Coronado Islands south light, 32-18-00 N, 117-48-25 W, in 1866 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 6090-59. Jan. 14, 1959. 11.7 mi 246° T from South Coronado Island south light, 32-19-00 N, 117-26-55 W, in 1300 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 6091-59. Jan. 14, 1959. 38.5 mi 250° T from South Coronado Island south light, 32-10-30 N, 117-57-10 W, in 1895 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 6092-59. Jan. 15, 1959. 15.8 mi 143° T from Pyramid Head, San Clemente Island, 32-36-40 N, 118-09-45 W, in 1920 m. CG took 150 L of green silt. 6336-59. Aug. 14, 1959. 15.5 mi 297° T from west end light, San Clemente Island, 33-09-00 N, 118-52-10 W, in 1227 m. CG took 146 L of olive green clay. : 6337-59. Aug. 14, 1959. 2019 mi 092° T from east end of San Nicolas Island, 33-12-50 N, 119-01-15 W, in 1245 m. CG took 162 L of olive green clay. 6338-59. Aug. 14, 1959. 13.75 mi 123° from east end of San Nicolas Island, 33-06-18 N, 119-12-30 W, in 1735 m. CG took 136 L of olive green, lumpy clay with a small amount of sand. 6339-59. Aug. 15, 1959. 24.9 mi 270.5° T from China Point light, San Clemente Island, 32-48-20 N, 118-55-00 W, in 1608 m. CG took 134 L of olive green silty clay. 6340-59. Aug. 15, 1959. 23.7 mi 281° T from China Point, San Clemente Island, 32-52-40 N, 118-53-00 W, in 1731 m. CG took 136 L of dark green clay. 6341-59. Aug. 15, 1959. 30.25 mi 275° T from China Point, San Clemente Island, 32-51-00 N, 119-01-12 W, in 1670 m. CG took 146 L of olive green clay. 240 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 6342-59. Aug. 15, 1959. 24.4 mi 315.5° T from east end light, San Nicolas Island, 32-56-17 N, 119-06-05 W, in 1551 m. CG took 144 L of olive green mud. 6343-59. Aug. 15, 1959. 16.5 mi 261.5° T from northwest light, San Nicolas Island, 32-59-18 N, 118-55-00 W, in 1747 m. CG took 162 L of olive green clay. 6344-59. Aug. 16, 1959. 18.7 mi 224° T from San Nicolas Island aero beacon, 32-50-00 N, 119-45-45 W, in 1533 m. CG took 154 L of olive green silty clay with a few dark streaks and a slight H.S odor. 6345-59. Aug. 16, 1959. 21.9 mi 209° T from San Nicolas Island aero beacon, 32-56-00 N, 119-42-45 W, in 1486 m. CG took 158 L of olive green silty clay with a few dark streaks. 6346-59. Aug. 16, 1959. 25.6 mi 192° T from San Nicolas Island aero beacon, 32-49-10 N, 119-36-15 W, in 1481 m. CG took 130 L of olive green silty clay. 6347-59, Aug. 16, 1959. 28.2 mi 180° T from San Nicolas Island aero beacon, 32-46-15 N, 119-30-20 W, in 1414 m. CG took 154 L of olive green lumpy silty clay. 6348-59. Aug. 16, 1959. 37 mi 177° T from San Nicolas Island aero beacon, 32-37-30 N, 119-27-50 W, in 1292 m. CG took 16 L of fine green glauconitic sand, fine calcareous shells. 6349-59. Aug. 17, 1959. 72 mi 208.5° T from China Point light, San Clemente Island, 31-45-30 N, 119-08-00 W, in 1961 m. CG took 146 L of gray-green sticky clay. 6350-49. Aug. 17, 1959. 68.2 mi 215.5° T from China Point light, San Clemente Island, 31-55-09 N, 119-10-00 W, in 1833 m. CG took 154 L of gray-green clay, some brown streaks. 6351-59. Aug. 17, 1959. 68 mi 225° T from China Point light, San Clemente Island, 32-01-00 N, 119-22-00 W, in 1821 m. CG took 126 L of stiff silty clay, containing burrows filled with lighter gray silty clay and some black rocks, probably phosphoritic. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 241 APPENDIX It FAUNAL ANALYSES BY BASIN AND STATION SAN PEDRO BASIN, ADDENDA TO ANALYSES The following is emended and supplementary information to Hartman, 1955, and Hartman and Barnard, 1958. Sta. 2410, Polychaete list to read: Ancistrosyllis tentaculata — | Aricidea lopexi — 2 Califia calida — 2 Chaetozone corona — | Cossura candida —- | Leiochrides hemipodus — | Maldane sarsi — 2 Paraonis gracilis oculata — 2 Tharyx tesselata — 2 Sta. 2363, Polychaete list to read: A mage longibranchiata — | Notomastus sp. — frag. Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Pilargis 2?hamatus — frag. Polydora sp. — 1 Prionospio nt. cirrifera — | Protis pacifica — 8 Tharyx tesselata — 3 Sta. 2353, Polychaete list to read: Cossura candida — | Maldane cristata — | Paraonis gracilis — | Pista fasciata — | Spiophanes fimbriata — 2 Tharyx tesselata — 2 Sta. 2439, Polychaete list to read: A ricidea nr. suecica — 2 242 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Chaetozone sp. — frag. Chone sp. — 1 Cossura candida — 2 Drilonereis falcata — 1 Maldane sarsi, pallid — 1 Myriochele gracilis — 7 Notomastus precocis —2 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Rhodine bitorquata — frag. Scoloplos acmeceps profundus — | Tharyx tesselata — 5 Sta. 2229, Polychaete list to read: A mage sp. — frag. Ammotry pane sp. — | ?A mpharete sp. — 3 A mphicteis scaphobranchiata — | Antinoella sp. — 1 Aricidea lopezi — 2 Cossura candida — 3 Drilonereis sp. — frags. Glycera capitata branchiopoda — 2 Goniada brunnea — 2 Myriochele gracilis —7 Myxicola ?infundibulum — 1 Nainereis uncinata — 3 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — frags. Spiophanes fimbriata — 2 Terebellides stroemi — 1 Tharyx tesselata — 12 Sta. 2389, Polychaete list to read: A mphicteis mucronata — 4 Aricidea uschakovi — 2 Asychis, collared — 2 Cossura candida — | Paraonis gracilis — 8 Pista fasciata — 1 Potamethus mucronatus — 2 Protis pacifica — 1 NO:.2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 243 Scalibregma inflatum — | Spiophanes sp. — | Tharyx tesselata — 3 Add Echinoderms: O phiocynodus corynetes — | O phiomusium jolliensis — 1 Sta. 2500, Mollusk list to read: solenogaster — 2 Limifossor sp. — 1 Delectopecten randolphi tillamookensis — 2 (id. Mr. Gilbert Grau) Nitidella permodesta — 8 (id. Dr. Myra Keen) Polychaete list to read: Lagisca pedroensis — 10 Potamethus mucronatus — 20) Protis pacifica — 100 terebellids — few SANTA MONICA BASIN Sta. : Depth Standing crop Bio-index, ¥ m per sample individuals to gms species 5675 970 0 0 3993 835 0 0 Both samples are dead, no analyses follow. ADDENDA TO ANALYSES, SANTA MONICA BASIN Sta. 5135, Polychaete list to read: A mage longibranchiata — 14 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — tubes Pista disjuncta — 1 Potamethus mucronatus — 1 Protis pacifica — 6 244 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 SANTA CATALINA BASIN Sta. saad Depth Standing crop Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 3955 1225 3 87/20 Sta. 0939: Screenings consisted of many white foraminifers, considerable frag- ments of glass sponge and dead Lacqueus shells. Polychaetes ?Anobothrus gracilis — 4 juv. Aricidea ramosa — | Aricidea uschakovi — 6 juv. Cossura sp. — 2 Glycera capitata — | juvy. Lumbriclymene lineus — | Lysippe annectens — 2 Maldane cristata — 20 Myriochele sp. — 2 in tubes Ninoe gemmea, var. — 4 Paraonis gracilis — 30 Pista ?disjuncta — | Prionospio pinnata — | Crustaceans tanaid — | isopod, gnathiid — 2 amphipods Byblis barbarensis — 2 Heterophoxus oculatus — | Mollusks, chaetoderm, very dark — 3 Echinoderms 2O phiomusium sp. — 2 ?Leptosynapta sp. — 1 Sipunculid, slender, transparent — | NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 245 ADDENDA TO ANALYSES OF SANTA CATALINA BASIN The following is emended and supplementary information to Hart- man, 1955, and Hartman and Barnard, 1958. Sta. 2848, Polychaete list to read: Myriochele gracilis — 4 Ninoe gemmea var. — Juv. Notomastus precocis — 1 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — tubes Praxillura maculata — | Prionospio nr. cirrifera — | Tharyx tesselata — | Sta. 2849, Polychaete list to read: Ampharete sp. — 8 small Aricidea nr. suecica — | Asychis lacera — | large Chaetozone sp. — frag. Cossura candida — | Lumbrineris sp. — frag. Mediomastus glabrus — 2 Myriochele gracilis — 2 Ninoe gemmea — 4 Nothria pallida — 1 Paraonis gracilis oculata — 6 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — tube Pista disjuncta — 2 Potamethus mucronatus — | Praxillella trifila — 1 Sternas pis fossor — 3 Tharyx tesselata — | Sta. 2850, Polychaete list to read: A mphicteis mucronata — 2 Aricidea uschakovi — 7 Asychis lacera — 1 Cossura candida — 2 Drilonereis nuda — | smaller 246 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Drilonereis sp. — 1 larger Glycera capitata branchiopoda — 4 Goniada brunnea — | Leaena caeca — 1 Lysippe annectens — 8 Maldane cristata — 4 Neoheteromastus lineus — 6 Ninoe gemmea var. — 8 Paraonis gracilis — 1 Pherusa sp. — 1 Potamethus mucronatus — 2 Praxillella gracilis — | Praxillella trifila — | Sternaspis fossor — 7 Terebellides sp. — 1 Tharyx tesselata — 12 Sta. 3026, Polychaete list to read: Ammotrypane sp. — 1 Caulleriella gracilis — | Chaetozone corona — 2 Goniada brunnea — 1 Leiochrides hemipodus — | Lumbrineris inflata — | Tharyx tesselata — 1 SANTA CRUZ BASIN Sta. iris Depth Standing crop Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 5925 1411 0.9 89/21 5928* 1520 0.1 M2 5930* 1785 negl. * 5929 1850 0.3 9/4 5927 2030 negl. 6/5 5926 2080 0.9 17/9 *Samples poor, badly washed before recovery. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 247 Sta. 5925: Screenings consisted of foraminifer tests, worm tubes, shells and fragments of Cyclopecten, Delectopecten and Cadulus, and fragments of siliceous sponge. Polychaetes A mage longibranchiata — 2 ampharetid, in cylindrical, close adhering tube — | Ancistrosyllis 2tentaculata — | Aricidea uschakovi — 25 Chaetozone ?corona — | Cossura candida — 12 Drilonereis sp. — 1 Melinnampharete eoa — 8 ?Nicomache carinata — frags. Ninoe gemmea var. — frag. Paraonis gracilis oculata — 17 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — 3 Rhodine bitorquata — frags. Crustaceans isopod, I/yarachna sp. — 1 cumaceans Eudorella sp. — 2 others, 2 species — 3 amphipods A mpelisca sp. — 3 Har pinia epistomata — 4 Heterophoxus oculatus — | Nicippe tumida — 1 Echinoderms Amphiura sp. — 2 Ophiura kofoidi — 1 Nemertean — 1 Sta. 5928: Screenings consisted of a few foraminifer tests and a slight trace of siliceous sponge. The sample was washed out badly and contained a nemertean and small specimens of Aricidea, Paraonis, spionid palp and Tharyx. 248 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLe22 Sta. 5930: Screenings consisted of many foraminifers and few radiolarian tests, two valves of smooth pecten shells and empty tubes of Phyllochaetop- terus. The sample was washed out badly. Polychaetes Cossura sp. — frag. Crustaceans tanaid, 4 pseudes sp. giant — 3 amphipods Harpinia fulgens — 2 Har pinia epistomata — | Heterophoxus oculatus — 2 Mollusks, clam — | small Sta. 5929: Screenings consisted of a small amount of siliceous sponge. Polychaetes, Cossura sp. — 1 Echinoderms, O phiura kofoidi — 3 O phiomusium jolliensis — frags. Mollusks solenogaster — | clam, small — 1 Sta. 5927: Screenings consisted of a trace of siliceous sponge. Polychaetes Maldane sp. — 1 juv. Melinnampharete eoa — 1 Myriochele pygidialis — 1 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Telepsavus costarum — tube Mollusks, small clam — 2 Sta. 5926: Screenings consisted of silt and a trace of siliceous sponge. Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — 1 Cossura candida — 2 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 249 Melinnampharete eoa — 6 Myriochele pygidialis — 2 Pista fasciata — | Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — frags. Crustacean amphipod, Heterophoxus oculatus — | Echinoderm, O phiacantha normani — 2 Mollusks, Dentalium sp. — 1 ADDENDA TO ANALYSES OF SANTA CRUZ BASIN Sta. 3028, Polychaete list to read: Aricidea uschakovi — | Cossura candida — 2 Euphrosine paucibranchiata — | Melinnampharete eoa — 2 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Rhodine bitorquata — | Spiophanes fimbriata — | Sta. 3027, Polychaete list to read: Chaetozone spinosa — 2 ?Euclymene sp. — 3 Eumida sp. — 1 Haploscoloplos elongatus — | Maldane sarsi, pallid — 1 Myriochele pygidialis — 1 Ninoe gemmea var. — 2 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — 3 Pista disjuncta — 1 250 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 SAN NICOLAS BASIN Sta. } Depth ; Standing crop ‘Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 6336 1227 1.50 47/24 6337 1245 3.10 59719 6342 15h 210 94/17 6339 1608 4.50 47/23 5931 1609 0.25 14/12 6341 1670 1.95 92/25 6340 1731 4.00 64/17 6338 1735 5.45 146/34 6343 1747 1.00 24/10 5933 1749 SES 34/19 Sta. 6336: Screenings consisted of large foraminifers, and a dead valve of Cyclo- pecten. Polychaetes Ampharete sp. — 12 A mphicteis 2scaphobranchiata — | A ricidea aciculata — | Aricidea ramosa — 1 A ricidea uschakovi — 2 Aricidea sp. — 1 juv. Drilonereis spp. — 2 Glycera capitata branchiopoda — 1 Lumbrineris sp. — 1 Lysippe annectens — 2 Neoheteromastus lineus — 1 Nereis, oculate — 1 Ninoe gemmea var. — | Ophelia sp., lacks branchiae — 2 Rhodine ?bitorquata — 1 Sternaspis fossor — 2 Terebellides stroemi — 1 Tharyx tesselata — 3 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS Crustaceans, amphipods Heterophoxus oculatus — | lysianassid, broken — | Orchomene sp. — 1 Echinoderms Amphipholis pugetana — | O phiothrix spiculata — frag. Mollusks, Solemya sp. — 1 Porifera, small filamented mass — 1 Sipunculid, long slender — 5 Sta. 6337: Polychaetes ?Ampharete sp. — 5 Aricidea uschakovi — 3 Asychis sp. — 1 large Drilonereis sp. — 1 Glycera sp. — frag. Leiochrides hemipodus — 12 Lumbrineris 2limicola — 1| Nereis anoculis — frag. Paraonis gracilis — 3 protulid — frag. Spiophanes fimbriata — | Sternaspis 2fossor — 1 T haryx tesselata — 6 Echinoderms, ophiuroid — frag. Crustacean shrimp — 1 Mollusks Solemya sp. — 2 solenogaster — 2 Sipunculids, 80-100 mm long, introvert is 3/5 of length — 15 ?Nemertean — frag. Sta. 6342: ampharetids — 6 Aricidea uschakovi — 8 Drilonereis sp. — frag. bo wat 252 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Glycera ?capitata — 1 maldanids, 2 species — 4 Myriochele pygidialis — 1 Neoheteromastus lineus — 2 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — 1 Sternaspis sp. — frag. Tharyx tesselata — 3 Crustaceans cumacean — | amphipod, Heterophoxus oculatus —2 Mollusk — 1 Sipunculids — 56 Nemertean — 1 Coelenterate, anemone? — 5 Sta. 6339: Polychaetes ?A mpharete sp. — 9 juv. Artacama ?coniferi — | Brada glabra — 1 Cossura sp. — | Lumbriclymene sp. — frag. Mediomastus glabrus — 1 Myriochele py gidialis — 1 Ninoe gemmea var. — 1 Notomastus sp. — large frag. Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — tube frag. Praxillella trifila —2 Rhodine bitorquata — 2 frags. Spiophanes ?pallidus — 1 Terebellides stroemi — 2 Tharyx sp. — 3 juv. Crustaceans cumacean, Exdorella sp. — 1 amphipods Heterophoxus oculatus — 1 Liljeborgia sp. — 1 photid — 1 VOL. 22 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS Mollusks Solemya 2johnsoni — 2 solenogaster — 3 clam — 4 Sipunculid — 7 Bian Go: Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — | capitellid — 1 Glycera sp. — frag. Lumbrineris moorei — frag. Ninoe gemmea var. — 2 Neoheteromastus lineus — 2 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Tharyx tesselata — 1 Coelenterate, cerianthid ? — 1 Crustacean, tanaid — 1 Mollusk, clam — 1 Sipunculid — 1 Sta. 6341: Screenings consisted of two liters of siliceous sponge. Polychaetes Ampharete sp. —9 Aricidea aciculata — 1 Aricidea uschakovi — 2 Aricidea sp. — 1 Brada glabra — 2 Glycera capitata 2branchiopoda — | Lumbriclymene sp. — 1 . Lumbrineris limicola — | Neoheteromastus lineus — 2 Nereis anoculis — 1 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — 2 Potamethus mucronatus — 6 juv. Praxillella trifila — 4 Praxillella sp. — 1 Spiophanes anoculata — frag. 253 254 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Tharyx ?tesselata — 4 Tharyx sp. — 1 juv. Crustaceans tanaid — | cumacean — | amphipods TTeterophoxus oculatus — | pardaliscid — 1 Mollusks scaphopod — 2 solenogaster — 3 Nemertean — 1 Sipunculids — 42 Sta. 6340: Polychaetes ampharetids — juv. frags. — 3 Aricidea uschakovi — 2 Goniada cf brunnea — | Leanira calcis — 1 Lysippe annectens — | maldanid frags. — 2 Neoheteromastus lineus — 3 frags. Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — 4 Sternaspis fossor — 1 Terebellides stroemi — frag. Tharyx tesselata — 4 Crustaceans, amphipods Har pinia emeryi — | pardaliscid — 1 Mollusks clam — 2 solenogaster — 1] scaphopod — 2 Sipunculids — 34 Sta. 6338: Polychaetes ampharetid — juv. frag. — 1 Aricidea uschakovi — 4 VOL. 22 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 745) Cossura candida — 1 Drilonereis sp. — 6 Lumbriclymene sp. — 2 Lumbrineris limicola — 3 Maldane sp. — 1 maldanid — 1 Myriochele 2gracilis — 3 Myriochele pygidialis — 2 Neoamphitrite robusta — | Ninoe gemmea var. — 1 Praxillella trifila — 2 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — 1 juv. Rhodine sp. — frags. Spiophanes sp. — frags. Sternaspis fossor — 2 Tharyx ?monilaris — 2 Tharyx tesselata — 9 Crustaceans tanaid — 2 A pseudes sp. giant — | amphipods Byblis sp. — 1 Har pinia fulgens — 2 Heterophoxus oculatus — 2 Liljeborgia sp. — 1 Echinoderm, ophiuroid — 2 Mollusks solenogaster — 5 scaphopod — 2 Thyrasira sp. — 2 clam — 1 Sipunculids — 75 Echiuroid, broad tongue — 2 frags. Porifera, small fimbriated masses — | tube-like form — 1 256 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Sta. 6343: Polychaetes A ricidea uschakovi — 2 Glycera sp. — frag. Lumbrineris limicola — | Neoamphitrite robusta — 1 Sternaspis sp. — frag. Tharyx tesselata — 1 Crustaceans tanaid, A pseudes sp. giant — 2 amphipod, Bydlis sp. — 1 Nemertean — frag. Sipunculids — 13 Sta. 5933: Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — 2 Cossura candida — | Drilonereis sp. — frag. maldanid — frag. Mediomastus glabrus — 1 Ninoe gemmea var. — | Paralacydonia paradoxa — | Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — tubes Tharyx tesselata — 3 Crustaceans tanaid, A pseudes sp. giant — | amphipods Har pinia fulgens — 2 ?Heterophoxus oculatus — | Liljeborgia sp. — 1 unknown — 1 Echinoderms, Ophiacantha normani — | Sipunculids — 12 Mollusks Solemya sp. — 1 solenogaster — 1 clam — 1 Bryozoan, branching — 1 VOL. 22 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 257 TANNER BASIN Sta. Depth Standing crop Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 6348 1292 5.05 158/42 6347 1414 11.60 py Ald | 6346 1481 6.50 29/16 6345 1486 1.90 35/14 6344 1533 0.30 28/11 Sta. 6348: Polychaetes ?A mage sp. — | ?A mphicteis scaphobranchiata — 7 Anobothrus gracilis — | A ricidea sp. — 1 Chaetozone spinosa — | Clymenopsis cingulata — 2 Cossura candida — | juv. ?Eumida sp. — 1 Glycera sp. — 1 juv. Goniada ?brunnea — 5 Haploscoloplos elongatus — 2 Lumbriclymene sp. — 3 Maldane sp. pallid — 4 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Polyophthalmus translucens — 2 ?Praxillella sp. — 2 Prionospio ?pinnata — | Rhodine bitorquata — | Sphaerodorum sp. — 1 Spiophanes anoculata — 10 Spiophanes fimbriata — 1 Tharyx monilaris — 3 Crustaceans ostracod — 1 copepod, calanoid — 1 tanaid — 1 258 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS isopods FHaliophasma sp. — | ?Synidotea sp. — | amphipods A mpelisca catalinensis — 2 Ampelisca macrocephala unsocalae — 3 Har pinia fulgens — 1 photid — 1 Urothoe elegans — 2 Echinoderms Ophiura kofoidi — 6 holothurians, 3 species — 12 Mollusks solenogaster — 2 clams, 3 species — 5 scaphopods — 10 Sipunculids — 3 Nematodes — 52 Coelenterate, small anemone — | Sta. 6347: Polychaetes Aricidea sp. — 1 Lumbrineris index — 1 (70 mm) Lumbrineris sp. — 1 Nereis anoculis — 2 spionid — frag. Tharyx sp. — 3 Crustaceans, amphipods Harpinia sp. — 1 Heterophoxus oculatus — 1 Liljeborgia sp. — 2 Mollusks Solemya 2johnsoni — | large clam — 1 Sta. 6346: Polychaetes A mage sp. — 2 frags. Amphicteis ? scaphobranchiata — frag. VOL. 22 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS Anobothrus gracilis — 4 Aricidea uschakovi — 3 Lumbrineris limicola — 1 Lysippe annectens — 2 Ninoe gemmea var. — 2 Nothria ?pallida — | Notomastus sp. — 3 Pista disjuncta — 1 Sternaspis 2fossor — 1 Tharyx tesselata — 2 Crustaceans, amphipods Ampelisca amblyopsoides — 3 Harpinia sp. — 1 Mollusks Solemya sp. — | clam — 1 Sta. 6345: Polychaetes Anobothrus gracilis — 3 Aricidea uschakovi — 12 Nereis anoculis — | Ninoe gemmea var. — | Nothria ?pallida — 1 Notomastus precocis — | Pilargis hamatus — | Pista disjuncta — | Tharyx tesselata — 3 Mollusks Solemya sp. — 2 clam — 3 solenogaster — | Sipunculid, 9.5 mm — 4 Echinoderm, ophiuroid — 1 Sta. 6344: Polychaetes Ancistrosyllis ?tentaculata — frag. Aricidea uschakovi — 6 Artacama ?coniferi — frag. 260 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Cossura candida — | Mediomastus glabrus — 1 Ninoe gemmea var. — 11 Prionospio ?pinnata — | Tharyx sp. — 3 juv. Crustaceans tanaid, 4 pseudes sp. giant — | amphipods Heterophoxus oculatus — 1 Poedicerotid — | WEST CORTES BASIN Sta. iow . Depth Standing crop ie Bio-index, 7 m per sample individuals to ee eS, ee species 5939 1668 26 52/22 5940 1923 Saf 46/21 5941 1924 1.0 22/1 Sta. 5939: Screenings contained bitumen, Cyclamina and other foraminifers, worn squid beaks, and collar segments of a pogonophore, measuring 3 mm across. Polychaetes ampharetids — 4 frags. A ricidea nr suecica — 2 A ricidea uschakovi — 2 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — 4 Chaetozone spinosa — 1 Goniada brunnea — 1 Leiochrides hemipodus — 3 Lumbrineris limicola — 7 Nothria pallida — 4 Onuphis eremita — 2 Paraonis gracilis — 5 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — 3 Phylo nudus — 1 Praxillella gracilis — 1 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 261 Spiophanes fimbriata — | Tharyx sp. — 3 juv. Mollusks solenogaster — | clam — 3 Sipunculid — 1 Nemertean — 1 Nematode — 1 Coelenterate, anemone — 1 Sta. 5940: Screenings consisted of many foraminifers, traces of radiolarians, hexactinellid sponge, many collars of pogonophoran tubes, and broken fragments of translucent shells. Polychaetes ampharetid — 1| juv. A ricidea lopezxi — 3 Aricidea uschakovi — 14 Califia calida — 2 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — 6 Leiochrides hemipodus — 3 Lumbrineris ?californiensis — 1 Lumbrineris 2index — 2 maldanid — 1 Onuphis vexillaria — 1 Paralacydonia paradoxa — | Paraonis gracilis — 1 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Rhodine bitorquata — 1 Spiophanes fimbriata — | Tharyx ?tesselata — 1 juv. Crustaceans, amphipods A mbpelisca sp. — 1 Har pinia sp. — 1 Echinoderm, asteroid, Luidiaster californicus — 1 Mollusks solenogaster — 1 clam — 1 262 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Sta. 5941: Screenings consisted of many foraminifers, hexactinellid sponge trace, many pogonophoran tube collars and pieces of bitumen. Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — 8 Asychis sp. — 1 Califia calida — 1 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — 3 Lumbrineris ?index — 1 Onuphis vexillaria — 2 large Paralacydonia paradoxa — | Paraonis gracilis — 2 Pseudeurythoé sp. — | Crustacean, amphipod, Byblis sp. — 1 Mollusk, clam — 1 SAN CLEMENTE BASIN WER Denk Standing crop Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 6089 2036 1.9 34/18 6091 2070 0.24 16/11 5945 2089 0.99 14/11 6092 2100 1.0 24/17 5946 2124 0.1 57/5 Sta. 6089: Screenings consisted of a few bitumen lumps, trace of siliceous sponge, orbicular foraminifers, Cyclamina, ?fossil serpulid tube fragments with campanulate longitudinal ridges, empty maldanid and onuphid tubes and cornucopian-like tubes of Stephanoscy phus. Polychaetes ampharetid — 1 A ricidea uschakovi — 1 Califia calida — 1 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — 2 Cossura candida — 7 large NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS Leiochrides hemipodus — | Lumbriclymene sp. — 2 Lumbrineris 2latreilli — 3 Maldane cristata — 2 Myriochele pygidialis — | onuphid — 1 Spiophanes ?pallidus — | Terebellides stroemi — 3 Tharyx sp. — 3 Crustaceans tanaid — 1 amphipod, Heterophoxus oculatus — 1 Nematode — 2 Coelenterate, sea-whip, Distichoptilum verrillii (id. Dr. Frederick Bayer) — 1 Sta. 6091: Screenings consisted of foraminifers, Cyclamina, squid beak, bits of bitumen, cornucopia tubes of Stephanoscyphus, trace of siliceous sponge, long empty ?onuphid tubes. Polychaetes ampharetid — frag. Aricidea uschakovi — 5 Leiochrides hemipodus — 1 Lumbrineris 2moorei — | maldanid — frag. Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — 2 serpulid tube — 1 sigalionid — frag. x Crustacean, amphipod, lysianassid n. sp. — 1 Coelenterate, sea-whip (possibly Distichoptilum sp.) — 1 Mollusks, clam — 1 Sta. 5945: Screenings consisted of small bits of woody debris, siliceous sponge in large amounts, foraminifers, Cyclamina, and cornucopian tubes of Stephanoscy phus. 264 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Polychaetes ampharetid — frag. Califia calida — 1 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — | Cossura candida — 3 Lumbrineris 2moorei — 1 Paralacydonia paradoxa — | Paraonis gracilis — | Terebellides stroemi — 2 juv. Crustacean, amphipod, Harpinia emeryi — 1 Coelenterates anemone — | large sea-whip, Distichoptilum verrillii — 1 Sta. 6092: VOL. 22 Screenings consisted of many foraminifers such as Cyclamina, bits of bitumen, trace of siliceous sponge, cornucopian tubes of Stephano- scyphus, cyclopecten valves. Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — 2 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — | Chaetozone spinosa — 3 Lumbrineris ?moorei — frag. Melinnampharete eoa — 2 Paralacydonia paradoxa — | Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Rhodine bitorquata — frag. Spiophanes sp. — 1 juv. Terebellides stroemi — 2 Tharyx sp. — 3 terebellid — 1 Crustaceans tanaid — 1 amphipods Byblis sp. — 2 phoxocephalid n. gen. — 1 Mollusks 2Dentalium sp. — | snail — 1 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD! BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 265 Sta. 5946: Screenings consisted of a trace of siliceous sponge, Cyclamina, a few other foraminifers and cornucopian tubes of Stephanoscyphus. Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — | Califia calida — 1 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Crustacean, amphipod, Harpinia profundis — | Mollusk, clam — | EAST CORTES BASIN Sta. Depth Standing crop Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 5944 1797 2.09 Sr/15 5943 1801 (sth 42/19 5942 1872 0.3 36/16 Sta. 5944: Screenings consisted of much hexactinellid sponge, foraminifers. Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — 2 Califia calida — | Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — | Cossura candida — | juv. Glycera 2capitata branchiopoda — | Leiochrides hemipodus — 3 Lumbrineris 2limicola — 3 Myriochele pygidialis — 8 Notomastus magnus — frag. Nothria pallida — | Onuphis sp. — 2 Paraonis gracilis — | Terebellides sp. — 1 Tharyx monilaris — 3 | Echinoderm, holothurian — 2 266 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Sta. 5943: Screenings consisted of many foraminifers, trace of siliceous sponge, a few Cyclamina, bits of bitumen and collars of pogonophoran tubes. Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — 2 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — 2 Dorvillea articulata — 2 Goniada cf brunnea — | Leiochrides hemipodus — 3 Lumbrineris limicola — 2 Melinnexis moorei — | Ninoe gemmea var. — | Onuphis vexillaria — | large 20 phelia sp. — 1 Pseudeurythoé cf ambigua — 3 Scoloplos acmeceps profundus — 4 Spiophanes pallidus — | Tharyx sp. — 7 juv. Crustaceans, amphipods A mpelisca sp. — | phoxocephalid n. gen. — 6 shrimp, Calastacus quinqueseriatus — | large Echinoderm, ophiuroid, 4 mphiura sp. — 1 Mollusks, clam — 2 Sta. 5942: Screenings consisted of much hexactinellid sponge, foraminifers, bits of bitumen, and collars of pogonophoran tubes measuring 4 mm across. Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — 12 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — 3 Leiochrides hemipodus — 3 Lumbrineris sp. — frags. myriochelid — 1 Paraonis gracilis — 1 Rhodine bitorquata — frags. Scoloplos acmeceps profundus — 2 terebellid — frags. NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 267 Terebellides stroemi — 2 frags. Tharyx tesselata — 3 Crustacean, amphipod, 4 mpelisca sp. — 1 Echinoderms holothurian — 1 ophiuroid, dmphiura sp. — 1 Sipunculid — 1 Coelenterate — 2 LONG BASIN Sta. Depth Standing crop Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 6351 1821 68.8 92/35 6350 1833 8.0 39/21 6349 1961 Dsto 30/20 Sta, 6351's Polychaetes ampharetid — 2 Aricidea uschakovi — 7 Chaetozone 2spinosa — frag. Dorvillea 2articulata — | Drilonereis sp. — 1 Goniada ?brunnea — 1 Ilyphagus ilyvestis — 1 Leiochrides hemipodus — 1 maldanid — 1 nephtyid — 1 juv. Ninoe ?gemmea — 1 Nothria pallida — 5 Onuphis vexillaria — 5 Paralacydonia paradoxa — 2 Paraonis gracilis — 3 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — 1 Pseudeurythoé cf ambigua — 1 juv. Scalibregma inflatum — 1 Scoloplos acmeceps profundus — 1 juv. 268 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL, 22 Spiophanes sp. — 2 frags. Sternaspis ?fossor — 2 terebellid — | frag. Tharyx tesselata — 26 Crustaceans tanaid, A pseudes sp. giant — | isopod, giant blind cirolanid cumacean, E'udorella sp. — 2 amphipods A mpelisca plumosa — 3 Har pinia fulgens — 4 Liljeborgia sp. — 1 unknown — | Mollusks solenogaster — | clam — 4 Sipunculid — 1 Echiuroid, Prometor poculum — | Nematodes — 3 Porifera ?, filamentous masses and tubes with lateral branches — 25 Sta. 6350: Polychaetes Aricidea uschakovi — 4 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — 2 Chaetozone sp. — | Lumbrineris longensis — 2 maldanid — 2 frags. Melinna sp. — 1 Ninoe ?2gemmea — 2 Nothria pallida — 2 Notomastus precocis — 2 Onuphis vexillaria — 2 Paralacydonia paradoxa — 2 Paraonis gracilis — 3 Scoloplos acemeceps profundus — 1 T haryx tesselata — 3 juv. Crustacean, amphipod, 4m pelisca catalinensis — 1 Echinoderm, holothurian — 1 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 269 Mollusks solenogaster — 3 clam — | Sipunculids, 2 species — 2 Coelenterate, Distichoptilum verrillii — 2 Porifera, keratose — 5 (pogonophoran tube? — 1) Sta. 6349: Polychaetes Ammotrypane pallida — | Aricidea furcata — | Aricidea uschakovi — 3 Aricidea sp. — 1 juv. Eunereis caeca — 1 ?Lumbriclymene sp. — frag. Lumbrineris 2?cruzensis — frag. Myriochele pygidialis — 3 Ninoe gemmea — | Nothria ?pallida — 1 juv. Onuphis 2vexillaria — | Paralacydonia paradoxa — | Paraonis gracilis — | Polyophthalmus translucens — | Terebellides stroemi— | juv. Tharyx 2monilaris — 2 Crustaceans, arcturid isopod — 1 Echinoderms, holothurian — 5 Mollusk, scaphopod — 1 Sipunculids — 2 Porifera, fimbriated small masses and trace of siliceous Coelenterate, Stephanoscyphus tube . VELERO BASIN Sta. Depth Standing crop Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 5947 2276 Ped | 24/12 5948 2580 1.91 23/11 270 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Sta. 5947: Screenings consisted of a few radiolarians, small white foraminifers, a few Cyclamina, arenaceous foraminifers, and cornucopian tubes of Stephanoscy phus. Polychaetes Ancistrosyllis sp. — 1 Califia calida — 1 Cossura candida — | Hyalinoecia tubicola stricta — | large Leiochrides hemipodus — 10 Lysippe ?annectens — 1 Notomastus sp. — 1 Paralacydonia paradoxa — | Pseudeurythoé cf ambigua — 2 Spiophanes fimbriata — | Tharyx sp. — 3 Echinoderm, holothurian — 1] Sta. 5948: Screenings consisted of foraminifers, pteropod shells and bits of bitu- men, and cornucopian tubes of Stephanoscyphus. Polychaetes Lumbrineris moorei — 3 Notomastus sp. — 1 Onuphis vexillaria — 1 Paraonis gracilis — 1 Prionospio pinnata — | Tharyx sp. — frag. Mollusks clam, Macoma-like — 10 brown clam — 1 small clam — 1 Echinoderm, holothurians — 2 Sipunculid — 1 No. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 271 PATTON ESCARPMENT Sta. Depth Standing crop Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 5937 1426 poor sample 31/18 5938 1760 39 105/44 Sta. 5937: Screenings consisted of sand, rocks, a dead gastropod, a few tests of Cyclamina, and small hollow balls of dark gray sand. Polychaetes Aricidea ?uschakovi — 2 Chaetozone spinosa — 2 ?Eteone sp. — 1 Goniada brunnea — 2 Melinnexis moorei — 3 Nothria stigmatis — 1 Paraonis gracilis — 1 Polyophthalmus translucens — 2 Scoloplos acmeceps profundus — | Spiophanes anoculata — 4 Crustaceans tanaid — 1 isopods munnid — | gnathiid — | amphipods A mpelisca macrocephala unsocalae — | A mpelisca plumosa — 3 Harpinia sp. — 1 Echinoderm, ophiuroid, O phiura leptoctenia — | Mollusk, clam — 3 Sta. 5938: Screenings consisted of sand and gravel, siliceous sponge, Cyclamina and other foraminifers. Polychaetes ampharetid — 2 juv. 272. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Aricidea 2lopezi — 6 A ricidea uschakovi — 6 Aricidea sp. — 1 Asychis sp. — 3 Brada glabra — 2 Ceratocephala loveni pacifica — | Dorvillea articulata — 2 ?Eumida sp. — 1 Glycera sp. — 1 juv. goniadid — 1 juv. Laetmonice sp. — | ?Letochrides hemipodus — | Lumbrineris sp. — 2 Magelona sp. — 2 Paraonis gracilis — 6 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — frag. Scoloplos acmeceps profundus — 5 Sternaspis sp. — 2 juv. terebellid — 1 Terebellides stroemi — frag. Tharyx tesselata — 10 Crustaceans ostracods, 2 species — 2 tanaid, A pseudes sp. giant — 1 tanaids — 2 cumaceans, 2 species — 2 isopods, 2 species — 2 amphipods acanthonotozomatid — | A mpelisca catalinensis — 4 A mpelisca plumosa — 1 A mpelisca macrocephala unsocalae — | Flaploops sp. blind unknown — 1 ? Har pinioides sp. — 1 ?Pardaliscella sp. — 1 Echinoderms, ophiuroids ?A mphiacantha sp. — 2 A mphiura diastata — 5 Ophiura kofoidi — 3 NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 273 Mollusks solenogaster — 3 scaphopods — 2 clam — 1 Nematodes — 12 SAN DIEGO TROUGH Sta. Depth —_ Standing crop -Bio-index, m per sample individuals to gms species 6090 1420 il 47/20 Sta. 6090: Screenings consisted of dead Lacqueus shells and siliceous sponge spicules, Cyclamina tests, and pogonophoran tubes. Polychaetes A glaophamus sp. — | Aricidea uschakovi — 5 Cossura candida — | Glycera capitata branchiopoda — | Goniada ?brunnea — | Leanira alba — | Lumbrineris inflata — 5 Maldane ?glebifex — 3 Melinna sp. — 1 myriochelid — 1 Paraonis gracilis oculata — 2 Phyllochaetopterus limicolus — | Rhodine bitorquata — | Terebellides stroemi — 4 : Tharyx tesselata — 12 Crustacean, tanaid — 1 Echinoderm, ophiuroid, Ophiura kofoidi — | Mollusks solenogaster — 2 clam — 2 Coelenterate, Stephanoscy phus tube — 1 Sipunculid — 1 274 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 APPENDIX Ut CHECK LIST OF BASIN SPECIES BY PHYLOGENETIC GROUP Abbreviations for basins: B = Santa Barbara; P = San Pedro; M = Santa Monica; C = Santa Catalina; Cr = Santa Cruz; N = San Nicolas; T = Tanner; WC = West Cortes; Cl =San Clemente; EC = East Cortes; L = Long; V = Velero; ESC = Patton escarpment ; TR = San Diego trough; S = coastal shelf. POLYCHAETA: (see Hartman, this paper, for systematic data and author’s names) A glaophamus sp. S TR A mage longibranchiata P M Cr Amage scutata C PAmaze sp.) Cr a: Ammotrypane pallida L Ammotrypane sp. P C Ampharete arctica S P Ampharete sp. N ?Ampharete sp. P C ampharetids, others CysWC Cl L ESC Amphicteis mucronata P C Amphicteis scaphobranchiata S P ?N 2T Anaitidessp. S C Ancistrosyllis tentaculaa S P M Cr ?T Ancistrosyllis sp. V Anobothrus gracilis S C T Antinoellasp. P M Aricideaaciculaa S N T Aricidea furcata S L Aricidealopezi S P WC ?ESC Aricidearamosa C N Aricideantsuecica -S, BoP Ve We Aricideauschakovi S P Mi @ Cr N T We (Cle ESC” SER fe HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS Artacamaconiferi ?N T Asychislacera S B C Asychissp.a P WC ESC Asychissp.b N Brada glabra S P C N_ ESC Califia calida P WC Cl EC V capitellid N Caulleriella gracilis S C Ceratocephala loveni pacifica WC Cl EC L ESC Chaetozone corona S P C Cr Chaetozone spinosa S Cr T WC Cl L ?ESC Chaetozonesp. P C Chloeia pinnata S C Chone sp)". Pe'G Clymenopsis cingulata C T Cossuracandida, So PC ‘Cr NPY Cl EC V CGossurasp. (Cr N Cossura, dk. red C Dorvillea articulata S P EC ?L ?ESC Drilonereis falcata S P Drilonereisnuda S ?P C Drilonereisspp. P C Cr N L ?Eteone sp. ESC Euchone sp. C Euclymene delineata P Euclymene sp. Cr Eumida tubiformis N Eumida, blind Cr ?T Eumida, yellow ESC Eunereis caeca L Euphrosine paucibranchiata Cr Evarnella fragilis S Cr N Exogone lourei T WC Exogone sp. B Glycera capitata S C ?N Glycera capitata branchiopoda P M C N EC TR Glycera oxycephala S B Glycerasp. N YT ESC aER 275 276 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 22 Goniada ?brunnea S P C N YT WC Cl EC L Heo Ge Wek Haploscoloplos elongatus S Cr T hesionid, small white P C Hyalinoecia tubicola stricta Cl V Ilyphagus ilyvestis L Laetmonice sp. ESC Lagisca lamellifera C Cr Lagisca multisetosa C Lagisca pedroensis P Langerhansia heterochacta S WN Laonice sacculata Cr Leaena caeca C Leaniraalba TR Leanira calcis N Leiochrideshemipodus P C N WE CI EC LDL V ?ESC Lepidonotus caelorus S N Loandalia fauveli S C Lumbriclymene lineus C Lumbriclymenesp. N T Cl ?L Lumbrineris californiensis S C ?WC Lumbrineris cruzensis S M_ ?L Lumbrineris index S P C T ?wC Lumbrineris infata S C TR Lumbrineris 2latreilli S Cl Lumbrineris limicolla S N To WC Cl ?EC Lumbrineris longensis L Lumbrineris moorei N ?Cl V Lumbrineris nr tetraura S C Lumbrineris spp. C N T ESC Lysippe annectens S C N YT Cl ?V Magelona ?pacifica S C Magelonasp. ESC Maldane cristata P C Cl Maldane sarsi, pallid C B P Cr T Maldane 2glebifex S TR Maldanesp. Cr N T maldanid WC L NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS Mediomastus glabrus C N T Melinnaheterodonta S C Melinnasp. L TR Melinnampharete eoa Cr Cl Melinnexis moorei P EC ESC Myriochele gracilis S P C ?N Myriochele pygidialis Cr N Cl EC L myriochelid EC TR Myriockhele spp. C Myriowenia californiensis S P Myxicola infundibulum P Nainereis uncinata S P Neoamphitrite robusta S C Cr N Neoheteromastus lineus C N Nereis anoculis N T Nereis procera S C Cr Nereis, oculate N Nicomache carinata S ?Cr Ninoe gemmeavar. S C Cr N T EC L Nothria hiatidentata Cl Nothria 2pallida S C T WC EC L Nothria stigmatis S P ESC Notomastus magnus S EC Notomastus precocis P C T L Notomastussp. P N T V Onuphis eremita S WC Onuphis vexillaria WC EC L V Onuphis sp., in long slender tube Cl EC Opheliasp. C N ?EC Paralacydonia paradoxa N WC Cl L V 277 Paraonis gracilis S P C N WC Cl EC L V ESC Paraonis gracilis oculaa S P M C Cr TR Paraonis multibranchiata B Pherusasp. C Phyllochaetopterus limicolus S B P M C Cr N T We Ch ESC’ TPR Phyllochaetopterus prolifica S C Phylo nudus WC Pilargis hamatus ?P C ?T 278 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL.22 Pistadisjuncta S +P Mi GC Gr F Pista fasciata S P Cr Polydorasp. P Polyophthalmus translucens T L ESC Potamethus mucronatus P M C N Praxillella gracilis S C WC Praxillella trifla C N Praxillellasp. N ?T Praxillura maculata S C Prionospio nr cirrifera S P C Prionospio pinnata, withouteyes S C ?T V Protis pacifica B P M protulid N Pseudeurythoé cf ambigua WC EC L V Rhode bitorquata S P- M Cr N° 22 WC Ch Ee wR Scalibregmainflatum S P L Schistocomus hiltoni S P Scoloplos acmeceps profundus P EC L ESC serpulid, tube fully attached Cl sigalionid Cl Sphaerodorum, linear “‘T Spiophanes anoculata N T ESC Spiophanes fimbriata P Cr N T WC Cl V Spiophanes pallidus ?N WC Cl EC Spiophanes spp. B Cl L Sternaspis fossor. S 9s YN ey ele aeESe Sthenelanella uniformis S C Streblosoma crassibranchia S P Syliissp. S.-C Telepsavus costarum S P Cr Terebellides stroemi var. Si P 1 Me- © Cr. NO TL Chane i wise rR Tharyx monilaris S ?N T PEC ?L Tharyx tesselata, O48 CON» WC. CHE a rawse TR Tharyxspp. T WC Cl V Thelepus setosus S P Vermiliopsis biformis S C NO. 2 HARTMAN, BARNARD: BENTHIC FAUNA OF DEEP BASINS 279 CRUSTACEA: (see Barnard, 1960 and 1960a, for new amphipod names ) Amphipods acanthonotozomatid ESC Ampelisca amblyopsoides Barnard T Ampelisca pugetica Stimpson S P A mpelisca macrocephala Liljeborg SP A mpelisca macrocephala unsecalae Barnard TO ESC A mpelisca catalinensis Barnard (=A. eoaGurjanova?) C aa A mpelisca plumosa Holmes L ESC Ampeliscasp. P Cr WC EC Byblis barbarensis Barnard BC Byblissp. N WC Cl Caprellasp. P Haploops sp. ESC Harpinia fulgens Barnard S Cr N T Cl L (sp. A) Harpinia epistomata Barnard S P Cr _ (sp.B) Harpinia sanpedroensis Barnard C (sp. H) Harpinia emeryi Barnard C Cr N Cl (sp. K) Harpinia profundis Barnard C Cl (sp. M) Harpiniaspp. T WC ESC ?Har pinioides sp. ESC Heterophoxus oculatus (Holmes) S P C Cr N T Cl Heterophoxus oculatus nitellus Barnard C Leptophoxus falcatus icelus Barnard C Liljeborgiasp. N T L lysianassid N _ Cl Nicippe tumida Bruzelius S Cr oedicerotid P T : Orchomene sp. N Paraphoxus spinosus Holmes S C pardaliscid N ESC photid N T Phoxocephalus homilis Barnard S_ Cl phoxocephalid n. gen. Cl EC Urothoe elegans Bate S T amphipods PP’ © N Ci L 280. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLe22 Isopods arctunid

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