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Val a bie ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLUME 24 COMPLETE THE PORCELLANIDAE (CRUSTACEA ANOMURA) OF THE EASTERN PACIFIC BY JANET HAIG UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1960 ba + Ss a —_ et AY vue Aue) Liopetrolisthes mitra (Dana) Water color painting by Anker Petersen of a juvenile specimen, 2 mm in length, from Bahia de la Independencia, Peru. This plate was originally published in Meredith (1939, p. 113) and is reproduced here with the kind permission of Captain Allan Hancock. - pe ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLUME 24 = ties COMPLETE THE PORCELLANIDAE (CRUSTACEA ANOMURA) OF THE EASTERN PACIFIC BY JANET HAIG UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1960 Sa ok ae * _~ wit se — r= —— Bari) ¢ Prinses | bedi becte Ves wer! pn THE PORCELLANIDAE (CRUSTACEA ANOMURA) OF THE EASTERN. PACIFIC BY JANET HAIG ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION PAcIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLUME 24 IssuED Marcu 1, 1960 Price $8.00 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS Introduction . Acknowledgment Source of Materials . Method of Study. Method of Treatment Summary of Additions and Changes Recorded Specimens incertae cate Systematic Discussion Family PORCELLANIDAE . Genus Orthochela Glassell Orthochela pumila Glassell Genus Liopetrolisthes, new Liopetrolisthes mitra (Dana) Genus Petrolisthes Stimpson Petrolisthes sanfelipensis Glassell . Petrolisthes agassizii Faxon Petrolisthes edwardsii (Saussure) . Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc) . Petrolisthes glasselli Haig . Petrolisthes polymitus Glassell. Petrolisthes desmarestii (Guérin) . Petrolisthes hirtispinosus Lockington Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson . Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes) . Petrolisthes nobilii, new species Petrolisthes robsonae Glassell . Petrolisthes hirtipes Lockington Petrolisthes nigrunguiculatus Glassell . Petrolisthes tuberculatus (Guérin) Petrolisthes tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards) Petrolisthes tiburonensis Glassell Petrolisthes rathbunae Schmitt Petrolisthes eriomerus Stimpson Petrolisthes manimaculis Glassell . Petrolisthes gracilis Stimpson . Petrolisthes tridentatus Stimpson Petrolisthes galapagensis, new species . Vi Petralisthes tonsorius, mew) Species<:,5 v2)- <3) =, jan a ee 85 Petrolisthes cuurilio: Glassell, =.) 1, be eae 88 Petrolssthes-cinenpes (Randall) ...! 2 \% |\7. . «- => 4-5 eee 90 Petrolisthes granulosus (Guerin) 2) .), 2. ~s_= - «sap 94 Petrolisthes laevigatus (Guérin) 4. . 5 ss 97 PReirolisthesivinlaceuss (Guerin) yess ee 99 Petrolisthes holotrichus Nobili’). 0.0 ss ws ee ee Petrolisthes'schimitit'Glassell)'s) . we Sw Petrolisthes brachycarpus Sivertsemn = .:) (2 ; « \«. 9 =) ameellOG Petrolisthes platymerus,new species . . . «. « «.«-« 108 Petrolisthes crenulatus Lockington. . . . . . . . « #10 Petrolisthes ortmannt Nobili’... “5 5. ws Petrolisthes lewist leroisi (Glassell), . = -: = 2 sc) eae Petrolisthes lewisi austrinus,new subspecies . . . . . . 115 Petrolisthes cocaensis, new species. = «+ = = 1.) mean Petrolisthes.artifrons; newsspecies’.)- | ca) es LOL Petrolisthes:htans Nobili} (2 3,-). tense) aa 2) ee Genus Neoprsosomasinew'is) osu ce. BA co Se 2 eS Neopisosoma bicapillatum, new species . . . . . . . 124 Neopisosoma mexicanum (Streets) st den teat all ete ee Neopisosoma dohenyi, new species A ee dare’, ss ia ee neo Genus Pachycheles: Stimpson)! 15 Mitta a) so Pachycheles chacet, Haig: \3\05\> 36 020 Va hae. 1 eer Pachycheles calculosus, new species’ . 4 "4. . 2 Ge ee Pachycheles setimanus (Lockington) .° (9% > .°°>. 22 Sage Pachycheles crassus (A. Milne Edwards). . . . . . +. ~ 4141 Pachycheles biocellatus (Lockington) . . . . . . . . «144 Rachycheles vicarius Nobili) alle oe ee 7 Pachycheles marcortezensis Glassell . . . . «. . « ~~~ 149 Pachycheles velerac, new species. | =. 7... «se Pachycheles spinidactylus: Haig’. is i Pachychelesipanamensis Waxoni))\20) ye +) 2) eS Pachycheles trichotus, new species!;:\. «=| s., =. | > = ee Pachycheles subsetosus, new species... . % » “= =) a eeoe Pachycheles monilifer (Dana) tah te UE NES oe 1d To a TGC) Pachycheles pubescens Holmes Prem tS) eo RR Pachycheles crinimanus,new species . . . . | . Ta as Steg Pachycheles qrossimanus, (Guerin) 2) 6) te) ae GT Pachycheles'‘rudts Stimpson’ ‘3533/6. jn, 4) ee Pachycheles holosericus Schmitt: 5.) |s tix 2 “here EULCETUMLES 2b. Carapace never as much as one and a half times as long as broad ; no large orbitlike concavity on hepatic margin as in 2a. 3 3a. Basal segment of antenna short, not strongly produced forward to meet anterior margin of carapace; movable segments with free access to orbit (rarely, basal segment in contact with outer orbital angle, narrowly excluding movable segments from SAC It a ee RY fae ee rie A i VIS 3b. Basal segment of antenna produced forward and broadly in contact with anterior margin of carapace; movable segments FGmCEIeedsFeOt OEDIC Ts Ss ead oA A ee be 4a. Posterior portion of side walls of carapace consisting of one or more pieces separated by membranous interspace. . . «. 5 4b. Posterior portion of side walls of carapace without separated PIECES MAURO ce tit oh Weta Net Nan ee eePee NCR coher eet 6 5a. Chelipeds thick, robust, one distinctly larger than the other; front not prominent, usually transversely sinuate or rounded in MGISAL VIEW ina” trait coca a a ws iPachyeheles 5b. Chelipeds somewhat flattened, subequal; front strongly pro- ~ duced, distinctly trilobate in dorsal view. . Clastotoechus 12 6a. 6b. 7a. 7b. 9b. 10a. 10b. Ila. 11b. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Chelipeds thick, robust, one distinctly larger than the other; side walls of carapace incomplete, the portion posterior to epibranchial or mesobranchial area occupied by membrane OE sialic eects a a, eae 0 Chelipeds subequal, usually not robust; side walls of carapace entire MU MA ea CAE eh ea nee ee ee Basal segment of antennule not laterally expanded ; basal seg- ment of antenna either not produced inward, or with a distinct inward projection forming a partial suborbital margin; front triangular or trilobate, usually rather prominent ; telson almost invariably 7-plated. J) len in Se og tee aR ebaiaiee Basal segment of antennule laterally expanded ; basal segment of antenna strongly produced inward and, with the outer side of basal antennular segment, forming a complete or nearly complete suborbital margin; front tridentate or distinctly trilo- bates telson ‘S-plated; Go.) ie S| eS ee . Front tridentate, strongly produced beyond eyes; basal segment of antenna not at all produced forward; anterior margin of carpus with narrow spines. . . . . Liopetrolisthes . Front trilobate, two supplementary lobes sometimes present ; basal segment of antenna produced forward and in contact with outer orbital angle, narrowly excluding movable segments from orbit; anterior margin of carpus with a broad lobe. A llopetrolisthes . Dactylus of walking legs ending in two or more large, strong, fixed spines; carapace markedly broader than long; front nearly transverse in dorsal view. . . . . £Polyonyx Dactylus of walking legs ending in a single spine, usually with accessory movable spinules on posterior margin. . . . . Movable segments of antenna minute and flagellum rudi- mentary, their total length less than or scarcely exceeding width of eye; carapace about 1% times as long as broad; front strongly tridentate in dorsal view. . . Minyocerus Movable segments of antennanormal. . . . . . . Front prominent, strongly tridentate or trilobate in dorsal RUC. Re el ei) ee UR) phi eee ks Front deflexed, appearing rounded or faintly trilobate in dorsal UCR roe rs, Bk CUBAN et Peis tg a aA ate 10 11 12 13 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 13 12a. Lateral margins of carapace entire posterior to epibranchial angle; fingers not twisted. . . . . #«. £Porcellana 12b. Lateral margins of carapace with spinules posterior to epi- branchial angle; fingers on one or both chelipeds twisted out of Piano awitiePAlIMre gino Oe ae ow os oe» ©6Pisidia 13a. Carapace about as broad as long; front trilobate to strongly tridentate in frontal view; basal segment of antennules very small, recessed behind front, latter projecting over them like @echeliv tec &. 4 « « ase « JMegalobrachium 13b. Carapace longer than broad; front with a broad, rectangular rostral process, visible only in frontal view; basal segment of antennules large, produced anteriorly to fill notches between rostral process and inner orbital angles. . . Ulloaia ORTHOCHELA Glassell 1936 Orthochela Glassell, 1936, p. 296 (type species Orthochela pumila Glas- sell, 1936, by original designation). Carapace longer than broad; lateral margins subparallel, armed with a series of short, forward-pointing spines posterior to cervical groove. Front nearly as broad as carapace, trilobate; lateral lobes directed out- ward, their inner margins lying horizontal, front thus appearing trun- cate on either side of median lobe, latter directed forward, strongly projecting. Orbits directed laterally ; eyestalks large, short, retractile. Basal segment of antenna not produced forward to meet anterior margin of carapace; with a long, narrow inward projection, forming a partial suborbital margin. First movable segment nearly concealed be- hind outer orbital angle. Basal segment of antennule broad, anterior face truncate. Chelipeds large, heavy, subcylindrical; manus normally held more or less straight out in front of carapace, instead of bent sharply at articulation with carpus and directed inward; fingers very short in relation to manus, opening vertically. Walking legs slender, somewhat flattened; propodus with a single movable spinule at distal end of posterior margin; dactylus ending in a simple spine, with several movable accessory spinules on posterior mar- gin. Telson of abdomen composed of seven plates. Contains a single species. 14 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Orthochela pumila Glassell Plate 18, fig. 1; text-fig. 1 Orthochela pumila Glassell, 1936, p. 296, pl. 21, fig. 1 (type locality, Isla Santa Margarita, Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California, Mex- ico). Previous records: Baja California. Isla Santa Margarita, Bahia de la Magdalena: S. A. Glassell (Glassell). Diagnosis: Carapace a little less than one and a half times as long as broad; front nearly as broad as carapace, truncate, with strongly projecting median lobe; lateral margins subparallel, with about twelve to fifteen close-set spinules posterior to epibranchial angle; chelipeds subcylindrical, held straight out in front of carapace. Description: Carapace a little less than one and a half times as long as broad, transversely convex, lightly granulate or punctate, regions not distinct; devoid of pubescence. Front very broad, flat, not deflexed; median lobe triangular, truncate and with several minute spinules at tip; lateral lobes a little broader than median lobe, minutely spinulate along their inner (anterior) margins. Orbits broad, deeply concave; outer orbital angle produced into a broad tooth. No epibranchial spine, but epibranchial angle marked by a distinct notch; lateral margin posterior to this notch and cervical groove with about twelve to fifteen close-set spinules, the posterior ones slightly the largest. Text-fig. 1. Basal segment of right antennule of Orthochela pumila, x 56. Movable segments of antenna more or less smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds similar in form but one distinctly larger than the other; larger cheliped about two and a half times length of carapace in largest specimens; smooth to lightly granular, devoid of hairs. Merus extend- ing to or beyond tip of median frontal lobe, with a low lobe on its an- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 5 terior margin. Carpus without anterior projections. Manus considerably longer than fingers, latter curved, gaping, crossing at tips; gape with a short pubescence and longer, scattered setae. Walking legs lightly granular, practically devoid of hairs. Merus with a high crest on anterior margin, ending in an outward-pointing tooth or spine. Variations: With increase in size of the crab, the chelipeds become longer in relation to the size of the carapace; the larger cheliped is about one and a half or two times the carapace length in young speci- mens, two and a half times in adults. The walking legs, on the other hand, become proportionately shorter with increase in size of the in- dividual. Material examined: See Table 1. Measurements: Males, 1.8 to 4.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 1.4 to 2.4 mm; ovigerous females, 1.8 to 3.2 mm. Measurements given by Glassell for a male from the type series are 3.6 x 2.8 mm; for a female 3.8 x 3.0 mm. Color: Color in life a rich yellow; lines of red on the hepatic regions. Hands with a few red blotches on outer surface; fingers with red bases and tips. (Glassell) Traces of red blotches remain on the fingers in some of the preserved material. Ecology: This species is commensal with gorgonians (fan corals). The type series was collected by Glassell from gorgonians at a depth of one fathom; he stated that the corals were bright yellow, and that the crabs, as well as isopods and amphipods associated with them, harmo- nized exactly in color with their host. Hamburg Museum specimens from Bahia de Caraquez, Ecuador, were taken in 4-5 fathoms from gorgonians (“Facherkorallen’”). U.S. National Museum specimens from Isla San Lucas, Costa Rica, were “from dried Eugorgia nobilis Ver- rill.” Collecting data were not given for the lots from Mazatlan and Panama, but they were probably taken under similar conditions. Ovigerous females are recorded for January, June, and December. Remarks: At the beginning of his description, Glassell gave the type locality as “Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico, 1 fathom; De- cember 2, 1931” and designated a holotype and three paratypes. Later in his account he reported the material examined to be a series of 35 specimens, collected at Santa Margarita Island, Magdalena Bay, Baja California, at the same depth and on the same date. Presumably the 16 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 types were part of this series of 35 specimens, but the U. S. National Museum holotype and paratype, and the San Diego Museum paratypes, were labelled without the Santa Margarita Island designation. An un- identified lot of 12 specimens in the U. S. National Museum collection is labelled “Magdalena Bay, B. C., 12/4/31, 1 fathom, Margareta Is., S. A. Glassell.’ It is believed that these specimens may also be a part of Glassell’s original series, and that the date December 4 is an error for December 2. Although the species has not been mentioned in the literature since its description in 1936 from a single locality, the present study shows that it ranges throughout the Panamic Province. Its very small size and restricted habitat probably account for its scarcity in collections. Range: Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California, and Mazatlan, mouth of the Gulf of California, south to Bahia de Caraquez, Ecuador. Shore to about 5 fathoms. LIOPETROLISTHES, new genus Type species: Porcellana mitra Dana, 1852. Carapace subovate, usually slightly longer than broad. Front strongly produced beyond eyes, trilobate. Eyestalks short and stout, retractile behind supraorbital margin. Basal segment of antenna not produced forward to meet anterior margin of carapace; with a long, narrow, acute projection, directed in- ward and, with the outer portion of the basal antennular segment, form- ing a complete suborbital margin. First movable segment very short, nearly concealed behind hepatic margin. Basal segment of antennule broad, laterally expanded, with two long, narrow lobes on inner side of anterior face. Chelipeds small in relation to carapace, weak, flattened; anterior margin of carpus armed with prominent teeth. Walking legs of moderate length, flattened; propodus with mov- able spinules on posterior margin; dactylus ending in a simple spine, with small movable accessory spinules on posterior margin. Telson of abdomen composed of five plates. Contains a single species. Remarks: Liopetrolisthes mitra has most often appeared in the liter- ature as a Porcellana. There is a superficial resemblance to typical COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 7 members of that genus, especially in the form of the carapace and front; in Porcellana, however, the basal antennal segment is broadly in con- tact with the anterior margin of the carapace. The combination of characters given in the description, above, sets Liopetrolisthes apart from all other genera in which the basal antennal article lacks a strong forward projection in contact with the carapace margin. The generic name is derived from the Greek eos, smooth, and Petrolisthes. Liopetrolisthes mitra (Dana), new combination Frontispiece; plate 41, fig. 1; text-fig. 2 Porcellana mitra Dana, 1852, p. 419 (type locality, San Lorenzo, Peru) ; 1855, pl. 26, figs. 9a-b. Heller, 1865, p. 74. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 101, 260. Rathbun, 1910, p. 601. Meredith, 1939, p. 113, col. pl. P[orcellana] mitra?, Stimpson, 1858, p. 229. Porcellana spinosa Philippi, 1860, p. 169 (type locality, Isla Blanca, Chile). Porcellana patagonica Cunningham, 1871, p. 495 (type localities, Estrecho de Magallanes and Port Otway [Puerto Barroso], Chile). Porcellana pulchellula Cano, 1889, p. 260 (type locality, San Lorenzo, Peru). Rathbun, 1910, p. 601. Petrolisthes patagonicus, Lenz, 1902, p. 748, pl. 23, fig. 4. Bouvier, 1906, p. 28. Rathbun, 1910, p. 600. Doflein and Balss, 1912, p. 34. Porter, 1926, p: 190, text-fis: 235) 1936a,, p. 255; 1936b, p. 153); 1936c, p. 339. Petrolisthes mitra, Haig, 1955, pp. 43, 52. Previous records: Peru. San Lorenzo: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana) ; Vettor Pisani (Cano). Bahia de la Independencia: Velero III (Meredith). Mollendo: R. Paessler (Haig). Chile. Pisagua: Kophamel (Haig). Iquique: L. H. Plate (Lenz) ; F. Ringe (Doflein and Balss; Haig). Cavancha; Tocopilla: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Isla Blanca: R. A. Philippi (Philippi). Caldera: R. Paessler (Haig). Peninsula Coquimbo: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Montemar: F. Riveros-Zufiga (Haig). Val- paraiso: C. E. Porter (Bouvier; Porter 1926). Curaumilla: C. E. Porter (Bouvier; Porter 1936a). Golfo de Arauco: Lund Univ. 18 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Chile Exped. (Haig). Corral: P. Krefft (Haig). Seno Reloncavi ; Golfo de Ancud: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Puerto San Pedro, Isla Chiloe: Hassler (Haig). Islas Guaitecas: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Port Otway [Puerto Barroso]; Estrecho de Magallanes: Nassau (Cunningham). Diagnosis: Carapace smooth; front strongly produced beyond eyes, spinulate on margin, trilobate, the median lobe broad, triangular, lateral lobes very narrow, scarcely projecting; chelipeds weak, scarcely longer than walking legs, carpus armed on anterior margin with two or three narrow, wide-set teeth ; dactylus of walking legs with a thick tuft of hairs on posterior margin, other segments naked or with a few scattered hairs. Description: Carapace usually a little longer than broad; smooth, except for light plications on posterolateral area; regions scarcely marked. Front trilobate, median lobe broad, triangular, strongly pro- duced beyond lateral lobes, the latter very narrow, scarcely projecting in young specimens and some adults. Orbits shallow, straight or slightly concave, sharply oblique, outer orbital angle slightly or not at all pro- duced, the supraorbital margin forming a nearly straight line with the hepatic margin to anterior limit of epibranchial region, this limit marked by a minute marginal notch but no cervical groove. Frontal, orbital, and hepatic margins beset with small, strongly projecting gran- ules or minute spinules. Text-fig. 2. Basal segment of right antennule of Liopetrolisthes mitra, x 20. First movable segment of antenna granular or somewhat nodular; second granular, with a distal anterior nodule; third somewhat gran- ular; flagellum with very short hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds smooth, ischium elongate. Chelipeds scarcely longer than walking legs, covered with small granules. Merus with a strongly projecting, distally directed tooth on COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 19 anterior margin. Carpus armed on anterior margin with three narrow, wide-set teeth, proximal one the largest, distal not always developed ; posterodistal angle usually produced into a small spine. Manus narrow, sometimes more so than carpus, granules more projecting toward outer margin; fingers long and slender, fitting together for their entire length, gape without pubescence. Walking legs lightly granular or punctate. Merus, carpus, and pro- podus naked or with a few scattered hairs; dactylus with a thick, short tuft of hairs on posterior margin. Variations: From a survey of the literature and examination of specimens, it appears that in general the two lateral lobes of the front begin to develop when the crab attains a length of between 2.5 and 5.0 mm. In specimens over 5.0 mm long, the lateral lobes are almost in- variably present, although they may be very small. The third carpal spine is usually present in specimens of 6.0 mm and over and absent in those smaller than 6.0 mm; however, one 3.7 mm specimen examined had three distinct spines, and a 6.5 mm specimen had only two. The carpus appears to become considerably longer in pro- portion to its width with increase in size of the crab. Material examined: See Table 2. Measurements: Of material examined in connection with the pres- ent report: males, 3.7 to 6.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.5 to 3.7 mm; ovigerous females, 4.8 to 12.0 mm. Of material examined for an earlier report (Haig, 1955): males, 2.3 to 8.0 mm; non-ovigerous fe- males, 2.0 to 5.3 mm; ovigerous females, 4.3 to 8.7 mm. The only recorded measurements to exceed these are Cano’s 11 mm for the male type of Porcellana pulchellula, and Lenz’s 13 mm for a specimen of un- specified sex. The type of Porcellana mitra was recorded as 2% lines (5.3 mm); of P. spinosa, 3 lines (6.0 mm); and of P. patagonica, about 8 mm. During a visit to the British Museum (Natural History) in 1953, the writer examined two specimens of P. patagonica from Port Otway, Chile, labelled ‘““Type?”; they were an 8.1 mm male and a 7.8 mm female. Color: Liopetrolisthes mitra has two characteristic color patterns, both of which may occur in the same individual; one consists of a broad white longitudinal stripe on the carapace, and the other of mar- blings and stripings on the carapace, chelipeds, walking legs, and abdo- men. These patterns have been mentioned or figured by Dana (1855), 20 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Philippi (1860), Heller (1865), Cano (1889, as Porcellana mitra), Meredith (1939), and Haig (1955). The color of preserved specimens has usually been described as either pale violet, reddish, or brown, with white stripe and darker marblings. Meredith’s color illustration, made by Anker Petersen from a freshly caught specimen, and reproduced herein (see frontispiece), shows excellently both the natural color and characteristic pattern. Ecology: The species has been taken in the littoral zone under stones, and to a depth of about 7 fathoms. The Velero III dredged it on two occasions at 5 fathoms, the substrate being rock in one case and sand in the other. Bouvier (1906) reported young specimens taken at Valparaiso, Chile, as commensals on a sea star, Asteracanthion helianthus [= Heli- aster helianthus (Lamarck) ]. Porter (1926) reported young specimens between the bases of spines of a sea urchin, Loxechinus albus (Molina), mentioning that they were found on many of these urchins at Val- paraiso. Velero III collectors recovered a young specimen from a sea star, Stichaster aurantiacus [=S. striatus Muller and Troschel] at Bahia de la Independencia, Peru (Meredith, 1939). Haig (1955) re- ported a specimen collected by Prof. Riveros-Zufiga at Montemar, Chile, from a sea star, either Stichaster aurantiacus [=S. striatus] or Meyenaster gelatinosus (Meyen). Haig (1955) also reported com- mensal specimens in the Hamburg Museum collection, taken by R. Paessler from a sea urchin at Mollendo, Peru, and from sea stars at Caldera, Chile. Although Bouvier (1906) thought it probable that com- mensalism in this species is confined to juveniles, the Mollendo and Caldera specimens examined by the writer included large adults, some of them ovigerous females. Ovigerous females have been collected in January, February, April, and November. Remarks: The variation, with growth, in conformation of front and number of carpal spines has resulted in the description of this species under several names. Dana’s type of Porcellana mitra had characters typical of young specimens. Philippi described it as Porcellana spinosa from a specimen with a tridentate front, but the number of carpal spines was not specified. Cunningham described it from typical adult examples as Porcellana patagonica, a name used (in the combination Petrolisthes patagonicus) by several subsequent writers, who failed to recognize its identity with Porcellana mitra and who may have been COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 21 unaware of Philippi’s obscure reference. Cano recognized the similarity of his Porcellana pulchellula to P. mitra, distinguishing it only by the distinctly trilobate form of the front, three instead of two carpal spines, and the more granular surface of the carpus. The specimen from the Novara Expedition identified by Heller (1865) as Porcellana mitra Dana had as its locality “Stidsee.” This suggests that it might have been collected in the Indo-Pacific region, in which case it would represent an entirely different species. However, many of Heller’s locality records are known to be unreliable (cf. Chilton and Bennett, 1929, p. 732), and the specimen could have been collected at Valparaiso, where the Novara stayed for some time. Heller’s brief description certainly fits the present species. Range: Callao, Peru, south to Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile. Shore to about 7 fathoms. PETROLISTHES Stimpson 1858 Petrolisthes Stimpson, 1858, p. 227 (type species Porcellana violacea Guérin, 1831, by original designation). Carapace rounded or subquadrate, usually about as broad as long. Front triangular or trilobate, often rather prominent and produced be- yond eyes. Eyestalks short and stout, retractile. Basal segment of antenna not produced forward to meet anterior margin of carapace; either not produced inward, or with a distinct in- ward projection forming a partial suborbital margin. Basal segment of antennule large, broad, in dorsal view sometimes partially visible beyond front; anterior margin occasionally sinuate, but more often armed with spines, lobes, or other projections. Chelipeds large, subequal in size; carpus variable, from about one and a half to over three times as long as wide; manus broad and flattened, its dorsal surface occasionally somewhat swollen. Walking legs of moderate length, somewhat flattened; propodus with movable spinules on posterior margin; dactylus ending in a simple spine, with small movable accessory spinules on posterior margin. Telson of abdomen almost invariably composed of seven plates. The genus is worldwide in distribution, and contains numerous species. 22 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Remarks: A few of the more aberrant eastern Pacific species for- merly included in Petrolisthes are assigned in this report to three new genera, Liopetrolisthes, Allopetrolisthes, and Clastotoechus. Petrocheles Miers, 1876, which contains one species each from New Zealand and southern Australia, was originally described as a subgenus of Petro- listhes but is usually considered to be a full genus. Glassell (1945, p. 229) noted that the western Atlantic species Petrolisthes tortugensis Glassell, 1945, resembles Petrocheles in some respects; however, the present writer, who has compared specimens of Petrolisthes tortugensis and Petrocheles spinosus (Miers), 1876, considers Glassell’s species generically distinct from both Petrolisthes and Petrocheles. With the above forms excluded, the genus is composed of perhaps 75 or more species, with 39 recognized from the eastern Pacific alone. The species tend to fall into several natural groups, some of which were discussed by Ortmann (1897, p. 275 et seq.). The interrelation- ships of the species are not at all clear, however, and it seems inad- visable to attempt any splitting of the genus until it can be studied on a worldwide basis. One large group of species is characterized by the presence of teeth or spines on the anterior margin of the carpus, and one or two postero- distal spines on the merus of walking leg 1; in addition there may be any or all of the following: epibranchial and supraorbital spines; a row of spines on the outer margin of the manus and on the anterior margin of the walking legs; and spines on the frontal, orbital, and lateral margins of the carapace. The anterior margin of the basal anten- nular article usually bears two or more spines. Many of these species have transverse piliferous striations on the carapace. This group, which corresponds to the divisions called ‘Gruppe des Petrolisthes gala- thinus’ and “Gruppe des Petrolisthes lamarcki” by Ortmann (1897), contains a dozen eastern Pacific species. Related forms are Petrolisthes politus (Gray), 1831, and P. amoenus (Guérin), 1855, from the west- ern Atlantic; P. cessacii (A. Milne Edwards), 1878, and P. monodi Chace, 1956, from the eastern Atlantic; and a number of Indo-Pacific species, among them P. lamarckii and P. asiaticus (Leach), 1820, P. militaris (Heller), 1862, P. coccineus (Owen), 1839, and P. decacan- thus Ortmann, 1897. Petrolisthes hirtipes Lockington and P. nigrunguiculatus Glassell, which are almost entirely restricted to the Gulf of California, are not closely related to any other species. hey are characterized by the COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 23 presence of conical tubercles on the anterior margin of the carpus and a thick fringe of hairs on the outer margin of the manus, and by the shape of the fingers, which differs markedly in the two chelipeds. The basal segment of the antennule is much like that of some members of the P. violaceus group of species, discussed below. A well-marked group (“Gruppe des Petrolisthes tuberculatus” of Ortmann) contains two species confined to Peru and Chile, Petro- listhes tuberculatus (Guérin) and P. tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards). They are characterized by the strongly trilobate front; two narrow, strongly projecting lobes on the basal segment of the antennule (see text-fig. 3) ; and a row of uneven, serrate teeth on the anterior margin of the carpus. These two species are particularly distinctive, and to- gether should probably form a separate genus or subgenus. One large group consists of species in which the carpus of the cheliped is not armed with teeth or spines (except for minute spinules in the young of some forms), and in which there are no spines on the carapace and walking legs. The basal antennular article is variable. The type species of the genus, Petrolisthes violaceus (Guérin), belongs here but is somewhat aberrant in that the orbits are nearly straight in- stead of concave. Other aberrant forms are P. rathbunae Schmitt, which has piliferous striations on the carapace, and the posterodistal angle of the merus of walking leg 1 very slightly produced into a spine; and P. tiburonensis Glassell, which is sexually dimorphic and has rows of nodulate tubercles along the anterior margins of the walking legs. This group is almost entirely confined to the eastern Pacific, where it is represented by 17 tropical and temperate species; P. guadratus Benedict, 1901, occurs in the western Atlantic. In another group of species closely allied to these, there is a single tooth or small lobe at the proximal end of the anterior margin of the carpus; included are P. elongatus (H. Milne Edwards), 1837, from New Zealand and southern Australia, and such Indo-Pacific forms as P. unilobatus Henderson, 1888, P. japon- icus (de Haan), 1849, and P. inermis Haswell, 1882. The final natural division among eastern Pacific Petrolisthes con- sists of species in which the hepatic and protogastric lobes are usually strongly accentuated; the front is trilobate and usually sharply de- flexed; the carpus is usually short and stout; and the carpus and manus usually bear longitudinal crests and grooves. Nobili (1901, pp. 17-18) recognized and discussed the relationship of the forms known to him. Included are a western Atlantic species, Petrolisthes. jugosus 24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Streets, 1872, and several from the eastern Pacific, including P. crenu- latus Lockington, P. ortmanni Nobili, P. lewisi (Glassell), P. hians Nobili, and two species described herein. Several species not treated in this report, including Petrolisthes novaezelandiae Filhol, 1885, P. penicillatus (Heller), 1862, and P. tomentosus (Dana), 1852, do not fit into any of the categories outlined above. la. 1b. 2a. 2b. 3a. 3b. 4a. 4b. 5a! 5b. 6a. 6b. Key TO THE EASTERN PACIFIC SPECIES Epibranchial spine present (rarely obsolescent, its position distinctly marked at epibranchial angle) ; anterior margin of merus: of walking) legs:spined. |i.) 4 1. 4,.> ae No epibranchial spine; anterior margin of merus of walking legs without spines (in P. hirtipes, 1 or 2 minute spinules oc- casionally present on dorsal surface near epibranchial angle; anterodistal angle of merus of walking legs sometimes spine- tipped ie}. fats Vs! ibaa dir) LRG Og ret ieee ae ee Carapace with distinct, transverse, piliferous striations, inter- rupted only at grooves defining the various regions. . . Carapace smooth to rough, but never with transverse stria- POMS ASMA Za ye eho leVery bers uN, > ee oe 9 Carapace with groups of spines on hepatic, protogastric, and epibranchial regions, and a row of marginal mesobranchial spines, in addition to the usual epibranchial spine. . . . sanfelipensis No spines on dorsal surface of carapace; no marginal meso- branchialispiness, 05 'l "eee ee She) ae 3 ee A single’ epibranchial spine. \)./))\\., >. | 2, ee Two: epibranchial |spines,'\ .)))%-).\4e.. «| | Ye) en aeesedee Carpus with 3 low, wide-set teeth on anterior margin. . . Carpus with 4 or 5 broad, close-set teeth on anterior margin. Carpus about twice as long as wide, covered with large flat- tened tubercles; striations of carapace interrupted at meta- branchial regions. ‘ bias hub gals | cola yo aS te eneanaeeea Carpus about 3 times as long as wide, with 3 longitudinal rows of rugae; striations of carapace continuing across metabran- ChialjFésionss; s)he Plans ew \ lean | Ihe tn inks wee aes agers 13 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 7a 7b. 8a. 8b. 9a. 9b. 10a. 10b. 11a. 11b. 12a. 12b. 13a. 13b. Front narrow, strongly produced; carpus about twice as long as wide, surface with oblique striations; merus of walking legs with a row of anterior spines, that of legs 1 and 2 with a posterodistal spine. 3 . 9 .. «+ « .« galathinus Front broad, not strongly produced; carpus about 1% times as long as wide, surface with short, flattened rugae; merus of walking legs with 1 or 2 anterior spines, a posterodistal spine on the merusof leg l only. . . . . = polymitus Anterior margin of carpus with 4-6 broad, close-set teeth. Anterior margin of carpus with 2-3 (occasionally 4) low, wide- set teeth. Manus covered with small flattened tubercles; adults very large, length of carapace to 30 mm or over. . desmarestii Manus not covered with flattened tubercles; adults small, length of carapace not exceeding about 13 mm. No strong supraocular spine, but 1 or 2 supraocular spinules occasionally present; carpus less than twice as long as wide, anterior margin with 4 (rarely 5 or 6) teeth. . marginatus A strong supraocular spine; carpus a little over twice as long as wide, anterior margin with 5 or 6 (rarely 4) teeth. hirtispinosus Anterior margin of carpus with 2 teeth; merus of walking legs with 1 or 2 anterior spines. . . . . «~~~ robsonae Anterior margin of carpus with 3 (occasionally 4) teeth; merus of walking legs with 2-6 anterior spines Carapace nearly as wide across mid-branchial regions as pos- teriorly; epibranchial spine distinct; no short pubescence on outer margin of ventral surface of manus. . . armatus Carapace widest posterior to mid-branchial regions; epibran- chial spine usually absent or vestigial, rarely distinct ; ventral surface of manus with a narrow band of short pubescence along outer margin. SRE copy ot Me si wie Se nobilii Merus of walking legs nodulate on anterior margin. . . Lk. eburonensis Anterior margin of merus of walking legs unarmed. . . Us) 11 10 12 14 26 14a. 14b. 15a. 15b. 16a. 16b. Uta 17b. 18a. 18b. 19a. 19b. 20a. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Carpus armed on anterior margin with strorg teeth or tuber- Tee sae Sees ali ella eget 2 aah re fe so rr Carpus not armed with strong teeth or tubercles. . . . Carpus with wide-set conical tubercles on anterior margin; manus with a thick fringe of hairs on outer margin; fingers dissimilar’in the:‘two chelipeds. =... | eee Carpus with strong teeth on anterior margin; manus without a thick fringe of hairs; fingers not distinctly dissimilar. . . Carapace covered with short transverse plications; front with a fringe of hairs; posterior margin of merus of walking legs 1 and 2 with 2 or 3 distalispines. . . . |. ) Wiritpes Carapace nearly smooth; no fringe of hair on front; posterior margin of merus of walking legs without spines. . . . Pe rem NOM (1 fii. Front not strongly deflexed; carapace covered with pubes- cence, with large tubercles anteriorly; carpus at least twice as long as wide (south-temperate species). . . . .-. Front usually strongly deflexed; carapace not covered with pubescence, without anterior tubercles, but anterior regions and grooves defining them strongly accentuated; carpus not more than 14 times as long as wide (tropical species). . . Lobes of front about equal in breadth; about proximal % of anterior margin of carpus produced into a strongly project- ing lobe, its edge cut into about 8 uneven, serrate-edged teeth; gape of fingers naked. . . . . tuberculatus Median lobe of front much broader than lateral lobes; carpus with 2 or 3 strong, uneven, serrate teeth on anterior margin followed by a number of denticles; gape of fingers with a short pubescence. .. te eH TEST) van bails. = | Aiea es earn Telson of abdomen with 5 plates; outer orbital angle produced Into:a‘ distinct tooth. (hie) Sr dies et er Telson of abdomen with 7 plates; postorbital angle not strongly produced. ; Manus with 2 longitudinal crests on dorsal surface and a heavy, rounded crest along outer margin. . . . . . 15 23 16 17 18 19 20 21 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 20b. Zia. 21b. 22a. 22b. 23a. 23b. 24a. 24b. 25a. Z5b. 26a. 26b. Manus without dorsal crests, no heavy rounded crest along GULCHMALCING Bee aah Wie sevens al cence Carpus with 3 or 4 narrow, strongly projecting conical teeth confined to proximal 24 of margin. . . Jlewisi lewisi Proximal 2 or 3 teeth of carpal margin partly or wholly co- alesced to form a broad tooth, this followed by a smaller taathiet en ere) Kea ley) ei: Pan! Ga etoist austvinus Carapace covered with granules and short plications, long plu- mose hairs anteriorly; carpus about 114 times as long as wide, covered with long plumose hairs. . . crenulatus Carapace nearly smooth, with traces of hair on front; carpus less than 1%4 times as long as wide, naked or with traces GERIGITOs eay el ins ee oS MS Se lle? lonnannt Carpus about 114 times as long as wide; manus with 2 or 3 crests on dorsal surface. Carpus usually more than 1%4 times as long as wide; manus without crest or with a single crest on dorsal surface. Front narrow, trilobate in dorsal view; orbits concave; proxi- mal % of anterior margin of carpus with a broad, strongly projecting lobe, its edge obscurely subdivided into 3; crests on dorsal surface of manus low, separated by indistinct ROVE TS Meee, Oa eG IN eM og es aN RR rOUs Front broad, triangular or rounded in dorsal view; orbits very shallow, in dorsal view nearly straight; anterior margin of carpus with a strong proximal lobe, anterior and posterior margins converging distally from its highest point; crests on dorsal surface of manus strong, separated by deep, broad PLOONES Taal (eh eke oe te | ede tatlciay, | JCOCORMSES Orbits without a concavity, forming a nearly straight line with front to outer orbital angle; front broadly triangular, with- out a median groove; gape naked. . . . vwiolaceus Orbits concave; front with at least a faint median groove; gape with at least traces of pubescencee . . . . Carpus over twice as long as wide. Carpus twice as long as wide, or less. . . 27 22 24 25 26 27 29 28 27a. 27b. 28a. 28b. 29a. 29b. 30a. 30b. 31a. 31b. 32a. 32b. 33a. 33b. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Carapace covered with short transverse piliferous striations and large flattened tubercles; carpus about 214 times as long as wide, margins subparallel. . . . rathbunae Carapace smooth or granular, never with piliferous striations. Carapace nearly smooth posteriorly, often granular anteriorly ; front with a deep median groove; carpus a little over twice to nearly 3 times as long as wide; merus of walking legs with a fringe of hair on anterior margin (California and western Baja California). .\' 2i\-jueccivd: aes) ka nt) rRanema@enias Carapace nearly smooth anteriorly as well as posteriorly; median groove of front usually faint; carpus 214 to 3 times as long as wide; merus of walking legs naked or with traces of hair (Gulf of California)” “3 42. 0. eens Carapace subquadrate, the lateral margins nearly parallel pos- terior to epibranchial angle; fingers often short and stubby. Carapace subovate, the lateral margins not parallel ; fingers not short. ‘and vistubbysiiy4 ily peetecel techie Ge Anterior and posterior margins of carpus subparallel, un- armed ; merus of walking leg 3 not inflated. . galapagensis Proximal 24 of anterior margin of carpus lobed, distal third subparallel with posterior margin; merus of walking leg 3 in- flated. at Fi Maate sue L RAW S Melty Mbasan iltngg teal nr eh an RE Re Front triangular, the inner orbital angle not produced. Front sinuously triangular to tridentate, the inner orbital angle:produceds ji ieiho eal lattes oli Wiee een ee Carpus without a lobe on anterior margin, anterior and pos- terior margins ‘subparallel: 4° (3) ) < .0 ||...) Jentomenss Carpus lobed on anterior margin. Carpal lobe occupying proximal 4 of anterior margin, an- terior and posterior margins otherwise subparallel; merus of walking leg 3 not inflated. . . . . «. ~~~ cabrilloi Carpal lobe not confined to proximal %4 of anterior margin, anterior and posterior margins converging distally from its highest point; merus.of lee 3 inflated:9 ) <2; 0. Hl 2s) eae 28 30 Si 32 36 555) 34 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 34a. 34b. 35a. 35b. 36a. 36b. 37a. 37b. 38a. 38b. 39a. 39b. Outer orbital angle not produced; pubescence in gape of fin- gers produced into a short tuft; merus of walking legs naked POSS Fed Sect Ps, He | xara oh) OCI CtEpes Outer orbital angle produced; pubescence in gape of fingers not produced into a tuft; merus of walking legs with a fringe of plumose hairs. . OE ey hnd « De ail cet. 3 Tests Carapace nearly smooth; front with a shallow median sulcus; flagellum with long hairs; outer half of dorsal surface of manus with a short pubescencee . . . . Jaevigatus Carapace with distinct granulations, some of them transversely elongate; front with a deep median groove; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs; outer half of dorsal surface of manus HAKCUMM Aes elas «| or eh cap ct | SY ANELOSUS Front distinctly trilobate; manus not swollen, its outer edge thin; gape of fingers without a thick tuft of pubescence. . Front sinuously triangular; manus somewhat swollen on dor- sal surface, its outer margin with a crest; gape of fingers with pubescence produced into a thick tuft. . Carapace and chelipeds naked or with traces of pubescence; lateral lobes of front narrower than median lobe; carpus un- armed, its margins slightly converging distally. tridentatus Entire crab covered with a short, fine tomentum, produced into a long fringe on outer margin of manus; frontal lobes about equal in breadth; anterior margin of carpus with a strong proximal lobe, anterior and posterior margins converg- ing distally from its highest point. . . . holotrichus Entire carapace rough and uneven; carpus unarmed; merus of walking leg 3 broad, inflated. . . . platymerus Carapace nearly smooth anteriorly; anterior margin of car- pus with enlarged granules or spinules; merus of leg 3 not ATH Ate Cie ta ay ce’ Wicca Me ty cite MRR, om es et es Entire carapace finely and evenly granulate; crest on outer margin of manus defined by a distinct groove. . schmitti Carapace with low, large, rough granules posterior to cervi- cal groove, nearly smooth anteriorly; crest on outer margin of manus not defined by a distinct groove. . brachycarpus 29 35 37 38 39 30 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Petrolisthes sanfelipensis Glassell Plate 20, fig. 3 Petrolisthes sanfelipensis Glassell, 1936, p. 281 (type locality, San Felipe, Gulf of California) ; 1938a, p. 443. Petrolisthes felipensis, Glassell, 1937, p. 82. Previous records: Gulf of California. Punta Pefiasco, Sonora; San Felipe: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Diagnosis: Carapace with distinct, transverse, piliferous striations, not continuing across metabranchial regions; groups of spines on hep- atic, protogastric, and epibranchial regions, and a row of marginal mesobranchial spines, in addition to the usual epibranchial spine; front triangular, denticulate on margin; carpus about twice as long as wide (longer in some large specimens), anterior margin with three or four low, wide-set, serrate-edged teeth, and surface with short, rough rugae sometimes produced into spinules; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on anterior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at postero- distal angle. Description: Carapace covered with distinct, transverse, piliferous striations, scarcely interrupted at grooves separating the various re- gions, latter distinct; striations absent only on metabranchial regions, latter areas nearly smooth. Front triangular, denticulate on margin, with a deep median groove extending between protogastric lobes; a distinct supraocular spine, and a row of denticles on orbital margin. Postorbital angle with a strong spine. Upper surface of carapace with groups of spines on hepatic, protogastric, and epibranchial regions, partially obsolescent in large specimens; margins with an epibranchial spine and a row of mesobranchial spines. First movable segment of antenna with a strong lamellar lobe, bear- ing a row of spinules; second with two spinules; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Merus of chelipeds rugose, with a large serrate-edged tooth on an- terior margin. Carpus about twice as long as wide, longer in some large specimens; armed on anterior margin with three or four low, wide-set teeth, denticulate on their margins, some of them often semi- divided into smaller teeth; surface with short, rough rugae, granulate on their margins and often produced in the form of spinules, those rugae along center more elongate and forming a low longitudinal crest; posterior margin with a row of spines. Manus long and slender, covered with small groups of rough granules, often produced into spinules as in COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 31 carpus; outer margin with a row of spines and a fringe of scattered plumose hairs. Fingers with granules similar to those of manus; outer margins of both pollex and dactylus with a row of spines; gape with a short, thick pubescence. Walking legs rugose; all segments thickly covered with setae; an- terior margin of merus of leg 1 with five to seven spines, of leg 2 with three to six, of leg 3 with two to four; merus of legs 1 and 2 with a posterodistal spine. Ventral surface of chelipeds and walking legs rugose; abdomen smooth to very lightly rugose. Material examined: See Table 3. Measurements: Males, 3.1 to 11.1 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.1 to 7.9 mm; ovigerous females, 7.6 to 7.9 mm. The male holotype meas- ures 8.7 mm in length, 9.0 mm in breadth. Color: Live specimens with a faint pinkish tint; when freshly pre- served in alcohol, beautifully colored with rich reds and purple. (Glas- sell, 1936) Ecology: Taken at mean low tide level and below, from among sponges and gorgonians (Glassell). Most of the Velero III and Velero IV specimens were dredged in 3 to 25 fathoms, with recorded bottoms of rock; sand; shell and mud; and mud, sand, and shell. Ovigerous females were recovered in March by the Velero III and in June by S. A. Glassell. Relationships: This species is not closely related to any of the other eastern Pacific Petrolisthes forms with striated carapace; it is the only one from that area with groups of spines on the carapace surface. Remarks: Glassell (1937, p. 82) stated that a bifid-tipped dactylus is characteristic of both this species and Petrolisthes polymitus Glas- sell. In the latter species a single forward-pointing spine is always present near the tip of the dactylus; however, examination of a number of specimens showed that in P. sanfelipensis the row of spines along the outer margin of the dactylus extends to its distal end only in oc- casional individuals. Previously recorded only from the northern end of the Gulf of Cali- fornia, Petrolisthes sanfelipensis is now known to occur as far south as Guaymas and also on the west side of the Baja California peninsula. It does not appear to be abundant anywhere. a2 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Range: Bahia de San Juanico and Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California; Gulf of California, from Punta Pefiasco south to Guay- mas. Shore to 25 fathoms. Petrolisthes agassizii Faxon Plate 20, fig. 4 Petrolisthes agassizii Faxon, 1893, p. 174 (type locality, Panama (City ?])3 1895, p. 69) pl. 15; figs. 1, 1a. Petrolisthes edwardsii, Boone, 1931, p. 152, text-fig. 7. Not P. ed- wardsii (Saussure). Petrolisthes agassizi, Haig, 1957b, p. 12. Previous records: Panama. “Panama” [City?]: Albatross (Faxon). Isla Saboga, Islas de las Perlas: Mrs. S. D. Sturgis and W. G. Van Name (Boone) ; Askoy (Haig). Colombia. Bahia Utria: Askoy (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace with distinct, transverse, piliferous striations, continuing across metabranchial regions; a single epibranchial spine; front triangular; carpus three times as long as wide, anterior margin with three low, wide-set, serrate-edged teeth, and surface with three longitudinal rows of rugae; manus with small groups of flattened, scalelike tubercles; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on an- terior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace covered with distinct, transverse, piliferous striations, scarcely interrupted at the grooves separating the various regions, the latter well marked; striations uninterrupted posterior to cardiac region. Front triangular, with a deep median groove extend- ing between protogastric lobes; a small supraocular spine, scarcely pro- duced in larger specimens. Postorbital angle produced into a low dentic- ulate tooth. A single epibranchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with a broad lamellar lobe, its margin serrate; second granular; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Merus of chelipeds rugose, with a strong serrate lobe or tooth on anterior margin. Carpus about three times as long as wide; armed on anterior margin with three low, wide-set, spine-tipped teeth, denticulate on margins; piliferous striations of dorsal surface broken up into three longitudinal rows of rugae. Manus long and slender, covered with small groups of flattened, scalelike tubercles scattered evenly over dor- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 33 sal surface; tubercles often produced into spinules along outer margin. Fingers covered with flattened tubercles similar to those on manus; gape with pubescence produced into a long tuft on proximal half of fingers. Walking legs rugose; merus and carpus with a fringe of plumose hairs on anterior margin, all segments covered with long, non-plumose setae; anterior margin of merus of leg 1 with six to eight spines, of leg 2 with six to eight, of leg 3 with three to seven; merus of legs 1 and 2 with one or two posterodistal spines. Ventral surface of chelipeds and walking legs rugose; abdomen rugose. Material examined: See Table 4. Measurements: Males, 2.9 to 9.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 6.1 and 6.5 mm; ovigerous females, 5.5 to 8.3 mm. The male holotype measures 5 mm in length, according to Faxon (1893). The present writer, who examined the type specimen, recorded a measurement of 9.9 mm. Color: Color in alcohol reddish, lighter below, the pigment assum- ing the form of spots on the basal parts of the abdomen; a large blood- red spot on the propodite of the outer maxillipeds. (Faxon, 1895) Ecology: This species has been found under stones in the littoral zone, usually at low tide. It was taken by the Askoy Expedition from coral dredged at 2 fathoms. Ovigerous females have been collected in January, March, and May. Remarks: The range of Petrolisthes agassizii is here extended from Panama northward to Mazatlan at the mouth of the Gulf of California. The species apparently does not occur inside the Gulf. Range: Mazatlan, Gulf of California, south to Bahia Utria, Co- lombia. Shore to 2 fathoms. Petrolisthes edwardsii (Saussure) Plate 21 Porcellana edwardsii Saussure, 1853, p. 366, pl. 12, fig. 3 (type local- ity, Mazatlan, Gulf of California). Stimpson, 1857b, p. 480. Petrolisthes edwardsii, Stimpson, 1858, p. 227. Rathbun, 1910, p. 600. Schmitt, 1924a, p. 170. Boone, 1932, p. 39, text-fig. 10. Glassell, 1938a, p. 443. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 456, pl. 22, fig. 2. Not Boone, 1931, p. 152, text-fig. 7. 34 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Petrolisthes edwardsi, Ortmann, 1897, pp. 283, 284. Haig, 1957b, p. 11. Petrolistes edwardsii, Nobili, 1901b, p. 11. Petrolisthes galathinus, Boone, 1931, p. 155 (part). Not P. galathinus (Bosc). Not Petrolisthes edwardsius, Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 400. Previous records: Gulf of California. Cabo San Lucas: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Mazatlan: Verreaux (Saussure). Panama. Isla Flamenco: E. Festa (Nobili). Isla Saboga, Islas de las Perlas: Askoy (Haig). Isla del Rey, Islas de las Perlas: W. G. Van Name (Boone 1931). Guayabo Chiquito: Askoy (Haig). Colombia. Bahia Utria; Isla Gorgona: Askoy (Haig). Ecuador. Isla La Plata: Askoy (Haig). Galapagos Islands. Isla Edén off Isla Indefatigable: Williams Gala- pagos Exped. (Schmitt). Off Isla Hood: W. Beebe on Arcturus (Boone 1932). Diagnosis: Carapace with strong, transverse, piliferous striations, not continuing across metabranchial regions, and distinctly interrupted at grooves separating the various regions; a single epibranchial spine; front triangular; carpus about twice as long as wide, anterior margin with three low, wide-set, serrate-edged teeth, and surface with large flattened tubercles; manus with similar but more rounded tubercles; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on anterior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace covered with strong, transverse, piliferous striations, interrupted at the grooves separating the various regions, the latter well marked; metabranchial regions without striations, but punc- tate. Front triangular, with a deep median groove extending between protogastric lobes; supraocular spine present or absent, but at least its position clearly marked by a small lobe. Postorbital angle scarcely produced, not spined. A single epibranchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting lamel- lar lobe, granular on its margin and bearing one or two spinules; second granular, with a small conical projection at the distal end of its anterior margin; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxilli- peds lightly rugose. Merus of chelipeds rugose, with a large serrate-edged tooth on an- terior margin. Carpus about twice as long as wide, armed on anterior margin with three low, wide-set teeth, spine-tipped and denticulate on COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 35 their margins; anterior margin usually with a few smaller denticles be- tween these teeth; surface with large, flattened tubercles, median ones largest and forming an irregular longitudinal row; some of those along posterior margin produced into spines, and posterodistal angle with a long spine-tipped extension. Manus broad, flattened, covered with tu- bercles similar to those of carpus, but usually more rounded; a few of the proximal ones along outer margin usually produced into spines. Fingers with tubercles similar to those of manus; gape with a short, thick pubescence, confined to dactylus and extending nearly to tip of latter. Walking legs with small, flattened tubercles; anterior margin of merus and carpus with a fringe of plumose hairs, all segments covered with long, non-plumose setae; anterior margin of merus of leg 1 with nine to eleven spines, of leg 2 with ten to twelve, of leg 3 with five to eleven; one or two (rarely three) posterodistal spines on merus of legs 1 and 2. Ventral surface of chelipeds and walking legs, and abdomen, with- out distinct striations. Material examined: See Table 5. Measurements: Males, 3.8 to 15.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.3 to 12.3 mm; ovigerous females, 4.7 to 14.7 mm. Measurements of the type were given as 7 by 7 lines (about 16 mm). Color: In alcohol the striations of the carapace show red stripes, which may be broken up into spots. The tubercles of the chelipeds are red, the carpus and propodus of the walking legs are broadly striped with red, and the abdomen is spotted. The palp of the outer maxillipeds is bright blue. Ecology: Petrolisthes edwardsii occurs in the intertidal zone under stones, and in coral heads to a depth of about 6 fathoms. It has also been dredged in depths to about 20 fathoms; the Velero III took it on hard substrates such as sand and shell, gravel, corallines, rock, and nul- lipores. Hancock Foundation collectors recovered it on one occasion from a sponge dredged by the Velero IV in 1-4 fathoms. A specimen in the Hancock Foundation collections was taken from the stomach of a tuna, Neothunnus macropterus, captured off Mazatlan, Gulf of Cali- fornia. Ovigerous females have been collected in every month from Decem- ber through May, and in September. 36 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Remarks: Spence Bate (1866, p. 277) reported Porcellana edwardsii from Esquimault Harbor, Vancouver Island, an obviously erroneous record. As noted by S. I. Smith (1880, p. 209, footnote), the listing by Spence Bate of a number of tropical and subtropical crabs from Vancouver Island must have been due to an admixture of collections. Specimens from the Gulf of California questionably referred by Lockington (1878) to this species (as Petrolisthes edwardsius) were Petrolisthes hirtispinosus Lockington. The first substantiated record since the original description is that of Nobili (1901b), based on a specimen collected by Enrico Festa at Isla Flamenco, Panama (not Ecuador). This record was evidently the basis for the range “Gulf of California to Ecuador” given by Rathbun (1910). Two specimens from Islas de las Perlas, Panama, reported by Boone (1931) as Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc), were examined by the writer. One proved to be P. edwardsii, the other P. marginatus Stimp- son. The specimen identified with P. edwardsii by Boone in the same paper should be referred to P. agassizii Faxon. Schmitt (1924a), reporting Petrolisthes edwardsii for the first time from the Galapagos Islands, called it the “scarlet tissue crab.” Range: Bahia de Santa Maria and Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California; Los Frailes near the mouth of the Gulf of California south to Isla La Plata, Ecuador; Isabel, Tres Marias, Revillagigedo, and Galapagos Islands. Shore to about 20 fathoms. Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc) Plate 19, fig. 4 Restricted synonymy: Porcellana galathina Bosc, 1801 (or 1802), p. 233, pl. 6, fig. 2 (type locality unknown). Latreille, 1802 (or 1803), p. 76 (type locality restricted to Antilles). Not Say, 1818, p. 458. Porcellata sexspinosa Gibbes, 1850, p. 190 (type locality, Key West, Florida). Porcellana danae Gibbes, 1854, p. 11 [mew name for Porcellana boscii of Dana, 1852, p. 421; 1855, pl. 26, fig. 11; not Petrolisthes boscii (Audouin) ]. Not P. danae Heller, 1865, p. 74. Porcellana egregia Guérin, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 1 (type locality, Cuba). Petrolisthes sexspinosus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 227. Petrolisthes occidentalis Stimpson, 1858, p. 227 (listed only; type local- ity, Panama); 1859, p. 73 (description). Streets, 1871b, p. 240. Lockington, 1878, pp. 395, 399. Faxon, 1893, p. 75; 1895, p. 69. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 37 Petrolisthes brasiliensis S. 1. Smith, 1869, p. 38 (new name for Porce/- lana boscti of Dana; see reference above). Petrolisthes danae, Kingsley, 1880, p. 405, footnote. Petrolisthes galathinus, Nobili, 1897, p. 4. Ortmann, 1897, p. 283. Rath- bun, 1910, p. 600. Schmitt, 1935, p. 186. Not Boone, 1931, p. 155, text-fig. 9; 1932, p. 45; probably not Hult, 1938, p. 10. Previous Pacific records: Pacific Panama. ‘‘Panama”: Sternbergh and Rowell (Stimpson 1859). “Panama” [City?]: Albatross (Faxon). Isthmus of Panama: J. A. McNeil (Streets). Isla Taboguilla: (Schmitt). Diagnosis: Carapace with strong, transverse, piliferous striations, not continuing across metabranchial regions; a single epibranchial spine; front triangular; carpus about twice as long as wide, anterior margin with four broad, serrate-edged teeth, and surface with oblique striations; manus with oblique striations; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on anterior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace covered with strong, transverse, piliferous striations, scarcely interrupted at the grooves separating the various regions, the latter well marked; frontal region granulate, metabranchial regions finely plicate. Front triangular, truncate at tip, with a deep median sulcus usually filled with a short pubescence; supraocular spine present, not distinct in large specimens. Postorbital angle produced into a small spine-tipped tooth. A single strong epibranchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with a spine-tipped, lamellar lobe; second and third lightly rugose; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Chelipeds covered with strong piliferous striations, continuing obli- quely and almost unbroken across carpus and manus, broken up into series of shorter rugae on fingers. Merus with a strong rugose lobe on anterior margin, having the form of a serrate-edged tooth in small specimens. Carpus about twice as long as wide, anterior margin with four broad, strong, serrate-edged teeth; no median longitudinal crest ; a row of spines on posterior margin. Manus broad, flattened, rugae on outer margin produced into spines in smaller specimens; outer margin often fringed with plumose hairs. Gape of fingers with a thick pubescence, somewhat elongated to form a short tuft. Walking legs rugose; anterior margin of merus with a fringe of plumose hairs, all segments covered with long, non-plumose setae; an- terior margin of merus of leg 1 with six to nine spines, of leg 2 with 38 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 six to nine, of leg 3 with five to seven; merus of legs 1 and 2 with a posterodistal spine. Sternum, sternal plastron, abdomen, and ventral surface of cheli- peds and walking legs covered with strong striations. Material examined: See Table 6. Measurements: Males, 6.9 to 17.4 mm; non-ovigerous females, 6.1 to 11.1 mm; ovigerous females, 7.3 to 13.2 mm. Color: In recent alcoholic specimens the transverse ridges and squamiform tubercles of the carapace are dark red, the intervening spaces yellowish. Lower surface, including abdomen, deep madder. (Faxon) Ecology: In the Atlantic the species has been reported to a depth of 27 fathoms, and in the littoral under stones and associated with sponges, corals, and anemones. Collection data for Pacific specimens, much of which are incomplete, do not indicate any commensal associa- tions. The Velero III dredged specimens in 4 and 10 fathoms, from bottoms of sand and of sand and shell, respectively. Other examined material was probably shore collected. Ovigerous females are reported from January, February, and March. Remarks: Petrolisthes galathinus, which had already been collected many times in the Atlantic and described under several names, was first reported from the Pacific coast by Stimpson (1858, 1859) as P. occidentalis on the basis of specimens collected by Sternbergh and Rowell in Panama. A number of specimens taken by those collectors and labelled “Panama” were seen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, but of these only a male and three females collected by R. Rowell are labelled as types. The designation “Panama” probably refers to Panama City. The species was also reported as Petrolisthes occidentalis by Streets (1871b) from specimens collected by J. A. McNeil, and by Faxon (1893, 1895) from the collections of the Albatross. These lots of specimens were also seen by the writer, the first in the Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia and the second in the U. S. National Museum. Ortmann (1897) was the first to regard Petrolisthes occidentalis identical with P. galathinus. Under the latter name it was reported from the Pacific coast by Schmitt (1935), Boone (1931, 1932), and Hult (1938). The Boone and Hult records, however, refer to another species. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 39 A survey of unreported collections, chiefly from the U. S. National Museum, revealed many more Pacific records for Petrolisthes gala- thinus. On the Atlantic coast this species is very common and ranges from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, through- out the Caribbean area, and on the Brazilian island of Ilha Trindade, about 700 miles from the mainland. In the Pacific, on the other hand, nearly all the known specimens have come from a relatively small area in the vicinity of Panama City. Despite extensive collecting along the Pacific coast over a period of many years, the only known examples of P. galathinus from outside this area are three specimens from Isla San Lucas, Costa Rica, collected in 1930, and three taken off La Libertad, Eduador, in 1933. It seems strange that the species has ap- parently remained almost entirely concentrated in a very limited area in the Pacific, particularly since it is unusually wide-ranging on the Atlantic coast. Petrolisthes glasselli Haig Plate 20, fig. 2 Petrolisthes amoenus, Boone, 1932, p. 41, text-figs. 11-12. Not P. amoenus (Guérin). Petrolisthes glasselli Haig, 1957a, p. 33, pl. 8, figs. 1-3 (type locality, Bahia Octavia, Colombia) ; 1957b, p. 13. Previous records: Mexico. Islas Las Tres Marias: (Haig 1957a). Panama. Isla Saboga, Islas de las Perlas: Askoy (Haig 1957b). Colombia. Bahia Octavia: Velero IJI (Haig 1957a). Isla Gorgona: Askoy (Haig 1957b). Galapagos Islands. Bahia de Gardner, Isla Hood: W. Beebe on Arcturus (Boone). Diagnosis: Carapace with distinct, transverse, piliferous striations, not continuing across metabranchial regions; two epibranchial spines; front triangular; carpus less than twice as long as wide, anterior margin with four or five broad, serrate-edged teeth, and surface with oblique striations; manus with oblique striations; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on anterior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace covered with distinct, transverse, piliferous striations, interrupted at cervical and branchial grooves; frontal region granulate and metabranchial regions punctate, these regions lacking 40 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 striations. Front triangular, truncate at tip, with a deep median sulcus extending to protogastric lobes; a small supraocular spine, scarcely distinct in larger specimens. Postorbital angle produced into a small spine. An epibranchial spine at cervical groove, followed by a second spine on epibranchial region between cervical and mesobranchial grooves. First movable segment of antenna with a small, spine-tipped, lamel- lar lobe; second and third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxil- lipeds rugose. Chelipeds covered with piliferous striations, granulate on their margins. Merus with a large serrate-edged tooth on anterior margin. Carpus less than twice as long as wide, anterior margin with a row of four or five broad, serrate-edged teeth; striations continuing obliquely and unbroken across dorsal surface. Manus broad, flattened, striations continuing obliquely and unbroken across dorsal surface except on margins, there breaking up into flattened tubercles; outer half of manus often with a fringe of hairs. Gape of fingers nearly smooth, devoid of pubescence. Walking legs faintly rugose; merus with a fringe of plumose hairs on anterior margin, all segments covered with long, non-plumose setae; anterior margin of merus of leg 1 with seven or eight spines, of leg 2 with eight to ten, of leg 3 with six or seven; merus of legs 1 and 2 with a posterodistal spine, a second occasionally present. Ventral surface of chelipeds striate; abdomen and ventral surface of walking legs nearly smooth. Material examined : See Table 7. Measurements: Males, 3.9 to 11.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.0 to 10.2 mm; ovigerous females, 4.7 to 9.2 mm. The male holotype measures 11.0 mm in length, 10.1 mm in breadth. Color: In alcohol most specimens are strikingly marked, with a strong stripe of deep purplish-red along each striation of the carapace, and stripes across the metabranchial and frontal regions. The chelipeds are similarly striped, and the walking legs and abdomen are striped or spotted. (Haig, 1957a) The ventral surface of the chelipeds and walk- ing legs is usually solid dark purplish-red. Ecology: Petrolisthes glasselli is usually associated with corals; it has been recorded from Pocillopora and Pavona in the littoral and to about 4 fathoms. It has been taken a very few times under stones, but probably always remains close to corals. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 4] Ovigerous females have been collected in every month from January through May. Relationships: This species is closely related to Petrolisthes gala- thinus (Bosc), but is easily distinguished from the latter form by the absence of any pubescence in the gape of the fingers, and the presence of two marginal epibranchial spines. Remarks: Petrolisthes glasselli was first reported by Boone (1932), who identified it as Petrolisthes amoenus (Guérin), 1855, an Atlantic form. Boone’s description and accompanying illustration leave no doubt that her specimens should be referred to the present species. In the original description of the species, the holotype was inad- vertently given an Allan Hancock Foundation catalog number. This type is housed in the U. S. National Museum where it bears catalog num- ber 102402. Range: Cabo San Lucas at the mouth of the Gulf of California, south to Isla Gorgona, Colombia; Isabel, Tres Marias, Revillagigedo, and Galapagos Islands. Shore to 4 fathoms. Petrolisthes polymitus Glassell Plate 22, fig. 1 Petrolisthes polymitus Glassell, 1937, p. 81, pl. 1, fig. 1 (type local- ity, off Arena Bank, Gulf of California) ; 1938a, p. 443. Previous records: Gulf of California. Off Arena Bank: W. Beebe on Zaca (Glassell 1937). Diagnosis: Carapace with distinct, transverse, piliferous striations, continuing across metabranchial regions; a single epibranchial spine; front broad, sinuously triangular; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with four or five broad, serrate-edged teeth, and surface with short flattened rugae; manus with similar rugae and large flattened granules; merus of walking legs with one or two distal spines on anterior margin, that of leg 1 spined at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace covered with distinct, transverse, piliferous striations, not interrupted at grooves separating the various regions, latter not distinct; absent only on frontal region, this area granulate. Front broadly, sinuously triangular, its margin minutely denticulate, and with a median sulcus extending between protogastric lobes; a small supraocular spine. Postorbital angle scarcely produced. A single epi- branchial spine. 42 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 First movable segment of antenna with a lamellar lobe, finely dentic- ulate on its margin and bearing a single spine; second granulate; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Merus of chelipeds rugose, armed on anterior margin with a large spine-tipped tooth. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, armed on anterior margin with four or five broad teeth, denticulate on their margins; surface covered with short, flattened rugae forming oblique longitudinal rows; no median longitudinal crest. Manus and fingers with similar rugae tending to break up into flattened granules on outer half of manus, and extending obliquely on inner half; outer margin of manus with a row of spines and with scattered plumose and non-plumose hairs. Outer margin of pollex with a row of rough gran- ules; dactylus with a forward-pointing distal spine on outer margin, giving it a bifid-tipped appearance; gape with a short thick pubescence. Walking legs rugose, all segments with setae; anterior margin of merus with one or two distal spines; merus of leg 1 with a posterodistal spine, that of leg 2 unspined at posterodistal angle. Abdomen and ventral surface of chelipeds and walking legs without distinct striations. Material examined: See Table 8. Measurements: Males, 2.2 to 6.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.7 to 4.5 mm; ovigerous females, 2.8 to 5.8 mm. The male holotype measures 5.0 mm in length, 4.8 mm in breadth. Color: “[In alcohol] this beautiful little crab has the appearance of being embroidered in colored silks, somewhat similar in effect to the Peking stitch; the plications are an orange-red, laterally merging into a yellow on the median line; the subcardiac whorls, protogastric and frontal ridges are a deep red. The under side of the chelipeds is a bril- liant carmine, mottled with white. The propodi of the ambulatories are distally banded with mottled carmine. The median line of the abdomen is paralleled with red chromatophores, blending into orange. ‘The hands give the impression of being banded with orange and white.” (Glas- sell, 1937) Ecology: Petrolisthes polymitus has been taken in the littoral under stones, and in corals to a depth of 2.5 fathoms. It was dredged on one occasion by the Velero III from a sand bottom in 4 fathoms, and taken in abundance from sponge dredged at 1-4 fathoms. Ovigerous females have been collected in December, January, Feb- ruary, and March. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 43 Remarks: Formerly known from a single specimen taken in the southern part of the Gulf of California, Petrolisthes polymitus is now shown to extend along the mainland as far south as Ecuador and also to be common in the Galapagos Islands. Range: Isla Espiritu Santo, Gulf of California, south to La Lib- ertad, Ecuador; Tres Marias and Galapagos Islands. Shore to 4 fathoms. Petrolisthes desmarestii (Guérin) Plate 19, fig. 3 Porcellana desmarestii Guérin, 1835, p. 115 (type locality, Chile) ; 1838b, p. 7, pl. VII 26, fig. 1 (type locality restricted to Val- paraiso) ; 1839, p. 175, pl. 52, fig. 1. Nicolet, 1849, p. 198. Not White, 1847, p. 62. Porcellana acanthophora H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844, p. 33, pl. 16, fig. 2 (type locality, Valparaiso, Chile). Nicolet, 1849, p. 196. Porcellana dubia Kinahan, 1857, p. 348, pl. 14, fig. 4 (type locality, Callao, Peru). Petrolisthes acanthophorus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 100, 258. Rathbun, 1910, p. 600. Porter, 1925, p. 320; 1936b, p. 153; 1936c, p. 339. Haig, 1955, p. 54, text-fig. 13. [Petrolisthes]| desmarestii?, Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Petrolisthes (2) desmarestii, Rathbun, 1910, p. 600. Petrolisthes desmaresti, Haig, 1955, p. 54. Previous records: Peru. Callao: J. R. Kinahan (Kinahan) ; Vettor Pisani (Cano). Chile. “Chile”: (Guérin 1835). Pisagua; Iquique; Coloso near Anto- fagasta: R. Paessler (Haig). Bahia de Taltal: A. Capdeville (Porter 1925). Taltal: R. Paessler (Haig). Valparaiso: Favorite (Guérin 1838b) ; A. d’Orbigny (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas). Bahia de Talcahuano: (Porter 1936b, 1936c). Coronel: R. Paess- ler (Haig). W coast of South America [probably Chile]: Rehberg (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace covered with fine plications; a single epi- branchial spine; front triangular; carpus about twice as long as wide, anterior margin with four or five broad, serrate-edged teeth; manus covered with small flattened tubercles; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on anterior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at postero- distal angle. 44 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 24 Description: Carapace with fine transverse plications, cardiac and metabranchial regions punctate; covered with a fine pubescence. Front triangular, with a deep median sulcus; a strong supraocular spine. Outer orbital angle produced into a small spine. A single small epi- branchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with a large, spine-tipped tooth on anterior margin; second rugose, anterior margin granular; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Merus of chelipeds rugose, with a large, serrate-edged tooth on anterior margin. Carpus finely pubescent, about twice as long as wide; anterior margin armed with four or five broad, serrate-edged teeth similar to meral tooth; surface granulate, with a median longitudinal crest formed of large, obliquely elongate, flattened tubercles; posterior margin with a row of rugae produced into spines. Manus finely pub- escent, broad, flattened, covered with small flattened tubercles usually produced into spinules on outer margin. Fingers covered with similar tubercles; gape with a short, thick pubescence. Walking legs rugose; anterior margins of merus and carpus with a fringe of plumose hairs, all segments covered with tufts of non-plumose setae; anterior margin of merus of leg 1 with six to ten spines, of leg 2 with six to eight, of leg 3 with one to six; merus of legs 1 and 2 with one or two posterodistal spines. Ventral surface of chelipeds and walking legs with rugae and flat- tened granules; abdomen smooth. Material examined: Peru; November 17, 1866; H. Edwards, col- lector ; two males (Museum of Comparative Zoology Cat. No. 7971). Valparaiso, Chile; April, 1941; one male, one female (U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 81902). Coronel, Chile, 8-9 fms. ; December 30, 1915; R. Paessler, collector ; one male, one female (Allan Hancock Foundation, gift of Hamburg Museum). Measurements: Males, 5.3 to 30.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 17.9 to 33.0 mm; ovigerous females, 21.9 and 26.2 mm. These measurements include specimens in the Hamburg Museum collection previously exam- ined by the writer. The largest specimen seen, a 33 mm female from Valparaiso in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, agrees with the measurement of 33 mm length, 35 mm breadth given by H. Milne Edwards and Lucas (1844) for the type of Porcellana acanthophora from the same locality. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 45 Color: Cherry red, dotted with rounded white and bluish dots and rings, chelae cherry red, the tubercles showing as white dots. (Kinahan) Carapace, external maxillipeds, sternal plastron, abdomen, and legs red spotted with yellow. (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas) Ecology: This species has been taken in the littoral on rocky reefs and dredged in about 8-20 fathoms, with the substrate not recorded. An ovigerous female in the Hamburg Museum collection was recovered in December. Remarks: In her report on the anomuran crabs of Chile (Haig, 1955), the writer suggested that the species inadequately described by Guérin (1835) as Porcellana desmarestii Eydoux and Gervais might be identical with Petrolisthes acanthophorus (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas). It is now believed that this is definitely the case, and Porcel- lana acanthophora H. Milne Edwards and Lucas is therefore placed in the synonymy of Petrolisthes desmarestii. Furthermore, the name des- marestii is attributed to Guérin, rather than to Eydoux and Gervais as was done previously. Where it is clearly stated in a work written by one author that the description of a taxon named therein was prepared exclusively by some other person or persons, the name of that taxon is to be attributed solely to that other person or persons (Bull. Zool. Nomen., vol. 4, p. 566, Concl. 49 (1) (b); Copenhagen Decisions Zool. Nomen., p. 59, par. 103 (2)). However, in this case there is no indication that the description was prepared by Eydoux and Gervais; only the name was attributed to them, for no apparent reason, by Guérin (1835, 1838b, 1839). The species seems to have been rarely collected, in spite of its ex- traordinary size. It is probably more abundant in deeper water. Range: Callao, Peru, south to Coronel, Chile. Known from shore to about 20 fathoms. Petrolisthes hirtispinosus Lockington Plate 19, fig. 1 Petrolisthes edwardsius, Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 400. Not P. edwardsii (Saussure). Petrolisthes hirtispinosus Lockington, 1878, p. 400 (type locality, Bahia Mulegé, Gulf of California). Glassell, 1937, p. 80; 1938a, p. 444. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 457. Petrolisthes hirtispinosus?, Schmitt, 1924b, p. 384. 46 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Previous records: Gulf of California. Bahia de Tepoca, Sonora: F. Baker (Schmitt). Bahia San Pedro, Sonora: S. A. Glassell (Glas- sell 1937). Bahia Mulegé: (Lockington). Bahia Concepcién: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1937). Isla Coronados; Punta Lobos, Isla Espiritu Santo: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Off Arena Bank: W. Beebe on Zaca (Glassell 1937). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, laterally plicate; a single epi- branchial spine and a distinct supraocular spine; front sinuously tri- angular; carpus a little over twice as long as wide, anterior margin with five or six (rarely four) serrate-edged teeth; manus with a longi- tudinal crest of large flattened granules; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on anterior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace nearly smooth except for light plications on posterolateral regions; covered with a fine pubescence, longer in young specimens. Front sinuously triangular, rounded at tip, with a deep median groove; a strong supraocular spine, distinct even in the largest specimens. Outer orbital angle produced into a spine. A single epi- branchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with an anterior lamellar lobe, granular on its margin and bearing a spine; second granular; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Merus of chelipeds roughly granular; anterior margin with a large, serrate-edged, spine-tipped tooth. Carpus pubescent, a little over twice as long as wide; armed on anterior margin with five or six (rarely four) serrate, spine-tipped teeth similar to meral tooth; a median longi- tudinal row of large flattened tubercles, and a row of spines on posterior margin. Manus granular, with a longitudinal crest of larger, flattened granules extending from base of dactylus; surface pubescent, more distinctly so to the outside of this crest; outer margin with a row of enlarged granules, produced into spines in all but the largest specimens ; outer margin usually fringed with hairs. Dactylus with a row of large flattened granules continuing the row on manus; gape of fingers with a short pubescence. Walking legs rugose; anterior margin of merus with a fringe of plumose hairs, all segments with long tufts of non-plumose setae; an- terior margin of merus of leg 1 with seven to nine spines, of leg 2 with seven to ten, of leg 3 with five or six; merus of legs 1 and 2 with one or two posterodistal spines. ~~ COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 47 Material examined: See Table 9. Measurements: Males, 2.9 to 13.1 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.0 to 11.1 mm; ovigerous females, 5.5 to 6.6 mm. The size of Lockington’s types was not stated. The material examined apparently includes the largest specimens to be recorded. Color: “This species is not nearly as brightly colored in life as it is in alcohol, the preservative intensifying the coloration for a considera- ble time. In life it is a light red mottled with cream, spines and lobes, yellow to white margined with a deep red; the undersides of the hands are very conspicuous, a bright pink.” (Glassell, 1937) Ecology: Unlike its closest relative, Petrolisthes marginatus, which occurs most frequently in coral heads, the present species is most often found under stones in the intertidal zone. It has, however, been taken from coral on a few occasions, to a depth of 214 fathoms. The Velero III once dredged it in 22 fathoms from a coral rock substrate, along with P. marginatus; this depth is exceptional for both species. Females were taken in abundance in January, February, and March. Of all these, only eight out of 72 collected in March were ovigerous. The culmination of the breeding cycle undoubtedly occurs later in the year, when the Gulf of California is rarely visited by collectors. Remarks: Petrolisthes hirtispinosus appears to be strictly confined to the Gulf of California, and to be abundant throughout its range. Range: Gulf of California, from Bahia de Tepoca, Sonora, south to Cabo San Lucas. Shore to 214 fathoms; exceptionally to 22 fathoms. Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson Plate 20, fig. 1 Restricted synonymy: Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227 (listed only; type local- ity, Antilles) ; 1859, p. 74 (description; type locality restricted to Barbados). Schmitt, 1939, p. 16. Haig, 1956a, p. 26; 1957b, p. 10. Hertlein and Emerson, 1957, p. 5. Petrolistes marginatus, Nobili, 1901b, p. 12. Petrolisthes galathinus, Boone, 1931, p. 155 (part), text-fig. 9; 1932, p. 45, text-fig. 13. Not P. galathinus (Bosc). ?Petrolisthes galathinus, Hult, 1938, p. 10. Not P. galathinus (Bosc). 48 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Previous Pacific records: Clipperton Island: Presidential Cruise of 1938 (Schmitt) ; Scripps Inst. of Oceanography Exped. (Hertlein and Emerson). Costa Rica: Velero III (Haig 1956a). Panama. “Panama”: Velero III (Haig 1956a). Isla Flamenco: E. Festa (Nobili). Isla Contadora and Isla Saboga, Islas de las Perlas: Askoy (Haig 1957b). Isla del Rey, Islas de las Perlas: W. G. Van Name (Boone 1931). Guayabo Chiquito: A4skoy (Haig 1957b). Colombia. “Colombia”: Velero III (Haig 1956a). Bahia Humboldt; Bahia Utria; Isla Gorgona: Askoy (Haig 1957b). Ecuador. Isla La Plata: Askoy (Haig 1957b). Bahia de Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Galapagos Islands. “Galapagos Islands”: Velero IJI (Haig 1956a). ? Bahia de la Academia, Isla Indefatigable: R. Blomberg (Hult). Bahia de Gardner off Isla Hood: W. Beebe on Arcturus (Boone 1952). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, laterally plicate; a single epi- branchial spine; no strong supraocular spine, but one or two supra- ocular spinules sometimes present; front sinuously triangular; carpus less than twice as long as wide, anterior margin with four (rarely five or six) serrate-edged teeth; manus with a longitudinal crest of large flattened granules; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on an- terior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace nearly smooth except for plications on pos- terolateral regions; covered with a fine pubescence, latter very short on adult specimens, longer in young. Front sinuously triangular, rounded at tip, with a deep median groove; no strong supraocular spine, but one to three small supraocular spinules often present. Outer orbital angle produced into a spine. A single, strong epibranchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with an anterior lamellar projec- tion, serrate on its margin and bearing one to three spines; second covered on anterior side with small, projecting granules; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Merus of chelipeds rugose, with a large serrate-edged tooth on an- terior margin. Carpus pubescent, more distinctly so in young speci- mens; less than twice as long as wide; armed on anterior margin with four serrate-edged, spine-tipped teeth similar to meral tooth, a smaller fifth tooth (and rarely a sixth) sometimes present; surface roughly granulate, the largest granules forming a median longitudinal crest; COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 49 posterior margin rugose, some of the rugae produced into spines. Manus granular, with a longitudinal crest of larger, flattened granules extend- ing from base of dactylus; surface pubescent, more distinctly so to the outside of this crest ; outer margin with a row of large, well-spaced gran- ules, sometimes developed into spinules; outer margin often with a fringe of hairs. Dactylus with a row of large flattened granules con- tinuing the row on manus; gape of fingers with a short pubescence. Walking legs rugose; anterior margin of merus and carpus with a fringe of plumose hairs, all segments with long tufts of non-plumose setae; anterior margin of merus of leg 1 with five to seven spines, of leg 2 with four to seven, of leg 3 with four to seven; merus of legs 1 and 2 with one or two posterodistal spines. Material examined: See Table 10. Measurements: Males, 2.9 to 11.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.4 to 6.8 mm; ovigerous females, 3.0 to 12.5 mm. Stimpson (1859) gave the length as about % inch (13 mm). Color: In specimens preserved for only a few years in alcohol, the ground color is yellow, overlaid on the carapace with dark red spots and broken marblings. All granules on the chelipeds are dark red, and the same color appears on the walking legs in the form of small spots on the merus and broad stripes on the carpus and propodus. The outer maxillipeds and the ventral surface of the manus and fingers are also dark red. Traces of this coloration remain, particularly on the gran- ules of the chelipeds, in many specimens which have been a long time in preservative. Ecology: Petrolisthes marginatus commonly inhabits interstices of Pocillopora coral, in depths to about 6 fathoms. Much less frequently it occurs under stones in the intertidal zone, or on hard substrates in depths not exceeding about 4 fathoms; it was once dredged by the Velero III from a coral bottom at 22 fathoms, a depth that must be con- sidered exceptional. It was once taken by Hancock Foundation col- lectors from sponge dredged in 1-4 fathoms. Ovigerous females have been taken in October and in every month from December through May. Relationships: On the Pacific coast, Petrolisthes marginatus has its closest affinities with P. hirtispinosus Lockington, which like it has a crest formed of enlarged granules on the dorsal surface of the manus. P. marginatus differs mainly in the shorter carpus, (average) smaller number of carpal teeth, and lack of a strong supraocular spine. P. 50 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 cessacit (A. Milne Edwards) and P. monodi Chace from west Africa, and P. amoenus (Guérin) from eastern America, are closely related Atlantic forms. Remarks: Petrolisthes marginatus was first reported from the Pa- cific coast by Nobili (1901b), on the basis of material collected by Enrico Festa at Isla Flamenco, Panama, and Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. Subsequent study has shown it to be one of the most widely distributed and abundant west American species. In the Atlantic it is known from but few records. Pacific and Atlantic populations have not been critically compared, but the comparatively few Atlantic specimens seen by the writer do not appear to differ from Pacific examples. As earlier noted by the writer (Haig, 1956a, pp. 26-27), Galapagos Islands specimens identified by Boone (1932) as Petrolisthes gala- thinus (Bosc) are actually P. marginatus, as probably is the record by Hult (1938) of P. galathinus from the Galapagos. The presence of P. marginatus in the Galapagos Islands has been amply confirmed, while there are no substantiated records of P. galathinus from that area. Although very common south of the Gulf of California, P. margi- natus does not appear to be well established in the Gulf, where it is largely replaced by P. hirtispinosus. Range: Bahia de Guaymas, Gulf of California, south to Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador; Clipperton, Isabel, Tres Marias, Revillagi- gedo, and Galapagos Islands. Shore to about 6 fathoms; exceptionally to 22 fathoms. Also known in the Atlantic from the eastern Caribbean area. Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes) Plate 19, fig. 2 Restricted synonymy: Porcellana armata Gibbes, 1850, p. 190 (type locality, Florida). Not P. armata Dana, 1852, p. 426. Porcellana gundlachii Guérin, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 6 (type locality, Cuba). Petrolisthes armatus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 227; 1859, p. 73. Streets, 1871b, p. 240. Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 399. Bouvier, 1895, p. 8. Ortmann, 1897, p. 280. Rathbun, 1910, pp. 558, 599, pl. 41, fig. 3. Boone, 1931, p. 151, text-fig. 6 (part); 1932, p. 35, text-fig. 9. Glassell, 1938a, p. 444. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 456. Holthuis, 1954a, p. 15; 1954b, p. 161. Bott, 1955, p. 52. Garth and Haig, 1956, p. 4. Haig, 1957b, p. 9. Not Hildebrand, 1939, p25: COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 51 Porcellana leporina Heller, 1862, p. 523 (type locality, Rio de Ja- neiro, Brazil). Petrolisthes leporinus, S. I. Smith, 1869, p. 38. Ptrolisthes armatus, S. I. Smith, 1871, p. 92. Petrolisthes similis Henderson, 1888, p. 108 (fide Faxon, 1895, p. 70, footnote). Petrolisthes iheringi Ortmann, 1897, p. 286, pl. 17, fig. 3 (type locality, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil). Petrolisthes lamarcki var. asiaticus, Borradaile, 1898, p. 464 (part). Not P. lamarckii (Leach) nor P. asiaticus (Leach). Petrolistes armatus, Nobili, 1901b, p. 11. Petrolisthes armatus var. pallidus Verrill, 1908, p. 291 (type locality, Bermuda). Previous Pacific records: Gulf of California. “Lower California” [probably Gulf]: Diguet (Bouvier). Bahia Mulegé: (Lockington). Bahia Concepcién; El Mogote: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). El Salvador. Puerto El Triunfo: H. Peters (Bott). Near La Union, Bahia de la Unién: M. Boeseman (Holthuis). Honduras [probably]. Golfo de Fonseca: J. A. McNeil (Smith 1871). Panama. “Panama” [probably Pacific side]: Sternbergh and Rowell (Stimpson 1859). Isthmus of Panama: J. A. McNeil (Streets). Bellavista, Panama City: Askoy (Haig). Punta Patillo; Fortified Island; ?Isla Taboga: W. G. Van Name (Boone 1931). Isla Flamenco: E. Festa (Nobili). Colombia. Buenaventura: H. Brattstrom and E. Dahl (Garth and Haig). Ecuador. 01°07’N x 79°53’W: Askoy (Haig). Bahia and Punta Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Galapagos Islands. Isla Edén: Harrison Williams Exped. (Boone 1932). Peru. Matapalo and Las Vacas near Capon: R. E. Coker (Rathbun). Diagnosis: Carapace granulate and plicate; a single epibranchial spine present, occasionally obsolescent; front sinuously triangular; carpus two to two and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with three low, wide-set teeth, a fourth occasionally present; manus rather long and slender; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on anterior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at posterodistal angle. 52 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Description: Carapace naked or pubescent, covered with granules and short, rough plications; about as broad in mid-branchial regions as posteriorly. Front broadly, sinuously triangular, with a deep median sulcus; no supraocular spine. Outer orbital angle not produced. A single epibranchial spine, occasionally obsolescent. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting, lamel- lar lobe, usually spine-tipped ; second with a large projecting tubercle; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Merus of chelipeds rugose, armed on anterior margin with a large lobe, usually spine-tipped. Carpus two to two and a half times as long as wide, naked or pubescent; covered with large granules tending to form a median longitudinal crest, especially in young specimens; an- terior margin armed with three low, wide-set, spine-tipped teeth, a fourth occasionally present; posterior margin with a row of large flattened granules, with one to four produced into spines, and ending distally in a large bifid spine. Manus narrow, naked or pubescent, covered with scattered granules similar to those of carpus; outer mar- gin sometimes with a row of spines and a fringe of hairs, particularly in young specimens. Gape of fingers with a short pubescence. Walking legs rugose; anterior margin of merus and carpus with plumose hairs, all segments with long, non-plumose setae; anterior margin of merus of leg 1 with two to five spines, of leg 2 with two to six, of leg 3 with none or one to three; merus of legs 1 and 2 with one or two posterodistal spines, one occasionally present on leg 3 also. Variations: Petrolisthes armatus is subject to considerable intra- specific variation. Chace (1956, p. 20) concluded that recognition of subspecies is not warranted, although some individuals in the west American and west African populations differ markedly from typical east American specimens. Examination of an extensive series during preparation of the present report showed that variations within the Pa- cific coast population cannot be correlated with geography. Material examined: See Table 11. Measurements: Males, 4.0 to 14.7 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.0 to 10.9 mm; ovigerous females, 4.6 to 11.5 mm. Color: Carapace cream buff with regular designs of rich dark brown. Eyes blackish brown. Antennule glaucous blue with bright orange tips. Antenna orange. Chela cream buff, ridges dark garnet brown. A distinct blue narrow band on inside of merus and a strong greenish tinge on dorsal side of carpus, hand and fingers. Teeth in- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 53 side fingers light garnet brown. Ambulatory legs cream buff with two light brown bands on each segment, except dactyl where there is only one. Nail of dactyl orange red. Ventral side light buff except maxillipeds which are light cream color on outside and brilliant blue on inner side. (Petersen, of a live specimen from the Gulf of California) Dark olive and bottle green speckled and mottled with sage green and pea green, propodi of ambulatory legs with band of whitish pea green at either end, carpus with fleck of same on middle of upper side, likewise dactyl just above corneous claw, inner base of movable finger of chela with brilliant spot of orange chrome not visible when chela is closed. (W. L. Schmitt, of live specimens from Ecuador) Ecology: Petrolisthes armatus occurs in the intertidal zone in al- most any situation where it can obtain shelter: under stones, in oyster and mussel beds, around mangroves, in corals and sponges, and on pil- ings. In West Africa, it has been taken at depths to 25 or 30 meters, or about 14 to 1614 fathoms (Chace, 1956); the greatest depth at- tained by specimens examined for this report was 10 fathoms. The dredged material was taken on bottoms of rock and of sand and shell. Among the material examined are ovigerous specimens taken in every month of the year. Remarks: As shown by the extensive synonymy above, Petrolisthes armatus has been described under several different names. This is due partly to its wide range, which includes both tropical American coasts and the west coast of Africa, and partly to its intraspecific variability. The first record of the species from the Pacific coast was that of Stimp- son (1859), who reported it from “Panama” (probably Panama City) ; subsequent Pacific coast records are numerous. Specimens reported by Streets (1871b), Smith (1871), Nobili (1901b), Rathbun (1910), and Boone (1931) were examined in connection with the present study. In his discussion of an Atlantic porcellanid, Henderson (1888) men- tioned Petrolisthes similis, a name which had not occurred elsewhere in the literature. The explanation is given by Faxon (1895, p. 70, foot- note): “Dr. Stimpson, when labelling the Crustacea in the Smithsonian Institution and Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, separated the Pan- ama specimens of Petrolisthes armatus under the name of Petrolisthes similis, sp. nov., and specimens so labelled were afterward sent to the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. These were seen by Professor Henderson, and are referred to in his report on the ‘Challenger’ Anomura, p. 109, as P. similis Stimps. But Stimpson, in publication, referred these speci- 54 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 mens to P. armatus . . . and never, so far as I can learn, published his P. similis.” The single record of P. armatus from the Galapagos Islands (Boone, 1932) may have been due to accidental introduction of the species in that area. On the whole, it appears to be conspicuously absent from the Pacific American offshore islands. The local Peruvian name for the species is ‘“‘Salamandra’” accord- ing to R. E. Coker (Rathbun, 1910). Borradaile (1898, pp. 464-467) believed the Indo-Pacific species Petrolisthes asiaticus (Leach), 1820, and P. rufescens (Heller), 1861, to be but varieties of P. lamarckiit (Leach), 1820, and created another variety of the latter, fimbriatus. Under “P. lamarcki var. asiaticus” he listed an extensive synonymy which included the American species P. marginatus Stimpson and P. armatus (Gibbes). Miyake (1942, 1943) considered P. asiaticus, P. fimbriatus, and P. lamarckii to be distinct species, retaining P. rufescens as a variety of the latter. All these Indo-Pacific forms have been examined; P. asiaticus, which is the most closely related to P. armatus, lacks pubescence in the gape of the fingers and has fewer spines on the anterior margin of the merus of the walking legs. P. marginatus is only remotely allied to the Indo-Pacific species. Ortmann (1897) extended the range of Petrolisthes armatus to the Indo-Pacific region on the basis of specimens examined by him in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The present writer examined part of this material and found none of it to pertain to P. armatus; undoubtedly the remainder, which cannot now be located, re- fers to one or another of the Indo-Pacific species mentioned above. The synonymies of P. armatus in the western and eastern Atlantic were recently listed by Haig (1956a) and Chace (1956), respectively. Range: Eastern Pacific: Puerto Pefiasco and San Felipe, Gulf of California, south to Bahia de la Independencia, Peru; Galapagos Islands (extralimital). Western Atlantic: Connecticut (extralimital) ; Gulf coast of Florida to Santa Catharina, Brazil; Bermudas. Eastern Atlantic: ?Gibraltar; Senegal to Angola; Ascension Island. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 55 Petrolisthes nobilii, new species Plate 1; plate 18, fig. 3 ?Petrolisthes politus, Nobili, 1897, p. 4. Rathbun, 1910, p. 600. Not P. politus (Gray). Petrolisthes armatus, Boone, 1931, p. 151 (part). Not P. armatus (Gibbes). Previous records: Panama. ‘“‘Panama” [City?]: E. Festa (Nobili). Isla Taboguilla; Isla Pacheca and Isla Saboga, Islas de las Perlas: W. G. Van Name (Boone). Types: Holotype, male, U. §. National Museum Cat. No. 99654, from Isla Taboguilla, Panama, shore; October 31, 1904; collected by the Albatross. Paratypes: 158 specimens from the same and 15 other stations (see Table 12). Museum of Comparative Zoology specimens from Cabo San Lucas and Islas de las Perlas, and American Museum of Natural History specimens from Isla Taboguilla and Islas de las Perlas, were not critically examined during the drawing up of the description and therefore are not designated paratypes. Diagnosis: Carapace granulate and plicate; epibranchial spine ab- sent or vestigial, but its position marked by a distinct notch; front sinuously triangular; carpus about two and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with three low, wide-set teeth, a fourth rarely present ; manus broad, outer margin curved; merus of walking legs with a row of spines on anterior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at pos- terodistal angle. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, or slightly broader; broadest posteriorly, the lateral margins sharply diverging posterior to the epibranchial angle. Gastric, frontal, and orbital regions covered with small flattened granules; epibranchial regions with rough trans- verse plications or large granules, continuing onto the posterolateral margins; posterior portion of carapace otherwise smooth or punctate. Front strongly produced, sinuously triangular, with a deep median sulcus; no supraocular spine. Orbits strongly oblique; outer orbital angle not produced. Epibranchial angle with a distinct notch, but spine absent or vestigial; rarely present. Carapace naked or lightly pub- escent. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting, rounded, spine-tipped lamellar lobe; second granular, with a conical projection at the proximal end of the anterior margin; third nearly 56 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose; inner lobe of the ischium usually ending in a sharp tooth. Chelipeds subequal, naked or lightly pubescent. Merus rugose dorsal- ly, more faintly so ventrally; armed on anterior margin with a rugose, strongly projecting lobe, usually rounded at tip. Carpus covered with flattened granules dorsally, faintly rugose to nearly smooth ventrally; about two and a half times as long as wide; armed on anterior margin with three low, wide-set, spine-tipped teeth, a fourth rarely present; granules along posterior margin enlarged and roughened, forming a low crest ending distally in a bifid spine, proximad to it another small spine. Manus evenly granular dorsally and ventrally; flat and broad, curved on outer margin which is unspined; a narrow band of short pubescence on ventral surface along outer margin. Fingers broad, gran- ular as in manus, meeting for their entire length or slightly gaping in one cheliped; gape with a short pubescence. Walking legs long and slender, lightly rugose dorsally, nearly smooth ventrally. Merus with a fringe of plumose hair on anterior margin, all segments with scattered plumose hairs and tufts of non-plumose setae; anterior margin of merus of leg 1 with three to eight (usually three to five) spines, of leg 2 with four to six, of leg 3 with one to seven (usu- ally two to four) ; merus of leg 1 with two posterodistal spines, of leg 2 with one (rarely two), of leg 3 usually spineless, rarely with one spine. Measurements: Male holotype: length 9.5 mm (width not re- corded). Paratypes: males, 3.8 to 10.4 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.6 to 8.8 mm; ovigerous females, 4.1 to 8.7 mm. Color: Nearly all the material examined had lost its color in alco- hol; a few specimens retain small red spots on the carapace. Ecology: Intertidal zone, under stones. Ovigerous females have been collected in January, February, March, September, and October. Relationships: Petrolisthes nobilii is very closely related to P. politus (Gray), 1831, of the western Atlantic; the two species may be considered analogues. They resemble each other in having the carapace broadest posteriorly, and in lacking an epibranchial spine. P. politus has a smoother carapace; it lacks the narrow line of pubescence on the under side of the manus which is characteristic of P. nobilii; there are three or four spines on the posterior margin of the carpus proximad to the posterodistal spine; and the gape of the fingers is usually with- out pubescence or is pubescent in one cheliped only. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 57 The new species is also close to Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes) ; the two occupy much of the same range. P. nobilii is most easily distin- guished by the following characters: carapace triangular and broadest posteriorly, instead of being nearly as wide across the midbranchial regions as posteriorly; front somewhat narrower and more triangular; manus broader, its outer margin more strongly curved; a narrow band of short pubescence on ventral surface of manus along its outer mar- gin, this pubescence lacking in P. armatus; a single spine on posterior margin of carpus proximad to the double posterodistal spine, while in P. armatus the number of these spines is variable, but usually two or three. Remarks: Nobili (1897) reported a specimen of Petrolisthes politus (Gray) from “Panama”; by this he probably meant Panama City, in which case the specimen was undoubtedly P. nodilii. Apparently Nobili’s record was the source of Rathbun’s (1910) listing of ‘“Pan- ama” for P. politus in her checklist of Pacific coast crabs occurring from Panama to Isla Chiloe. Boone (1931) reported Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes) from several western Panamanian localities. This material was examined by the writer in the American Museum of Natural History; a portion of it proved to be P. nobilit. This new species is named in honor of Giuseppe Nobili, in recogni- tion of his contributions to west American carcinology. Range: Cabeza Ballena, mouth of the Gulf of California, south to Punta Brava, Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador; Isla Isabel off the Mexican coast. Petrolisthes robsonae Glassell Plate 18, fig. 2 Petrolisthes armatus, Hildebrand, 1939, p. 23. Not P. armatus (Gibbes). Petrolisthes robsonae Glassell, 1945, p. 227, text-fig. 3 (type locality, Miraflores Locks, Panama Canal, Canal Zone). Haig, 1957b, p. 10. Previous records: Panama. Miraflores Locks, Panama Canal, Canal Zone: S. F. Hildebrand (Hildebrand) ; Elinor D. Robson (Glassell). Bellavista, Panama City: Askoy (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace finely rugose; a single small epibranchial spine; front sinuously triangular; carpus a little over twice as long as 58 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 wide, anterior margin with two low, wide-set teeth; merus of walking legs with one or two spines on anterior margin, that of legs 1 and 2 spined at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace naked or lightly pubescent, finely and evenly rugose. Front sinuously triangular, with a shallow median sulcus; no supraocular spine. Outer orbital angle not produced. A single small epibranchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with a spine-tipped lamellar lobe on anterior margin; second granular, with a proximal nodular pro- jection on anterior margin; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maillipeds rugose. Chelipeds rugose. Merus armed on anterior margin with a small lobe, blunt or spine-tipped. Carpus a little over twice as long as wide, armed on anterior margin with two low, wide-set teeth, one submedian and the other at proximal end; surface with a longitudinal crest, strong in some specimens; posterior margin with a crest formed of oblique rugae, one to three of them developed into spines. Manus long and slender, outer margin serrate or with a row of spinules, and with a fringe of long hairs; outer half of lower surface often, but not always, densely covered with hairs to base of pollex. Gape of fingers with pubescence confined to proximal half of fingers, often produced into a long tuft. Walking legs rugose; merus and carpus covered with plumose hairs and a few long, non-plumose setae, other segments with tufts of setae; anterior margin of merus of leg 1 spineless or with a single spine, of leg 2 with one or two spines, of leg 3 spineless or with one; merus of legs 1 and 2 with a posterodistal spine; carpus of legs 1, 2, and 3 with an anterodistal spine. Material examined: See Table 13. Measurements: Males, 5.4 to 8.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 5.3 to 7.5 mm; ovigerous females, 4.7 to 7.3 mm. The largest specimen on record is the holotype male, which measures 8.6 mm in length, 8.0 mm in breadth. Color: The color in life has not been recorded. Glassell (1945) noted that the carapace in specimens from the type series had a distinct pinkish tone in alcohol, with the pubescence on the carapace dark brown. Ecology: Petrolisthes robsonae is remarkable in that it is able to with- stand great changes in salinity, a phenomenon almost unique among porcellanids (see also Ecology under account of Petrolisthes laeviga- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 59 tus). In the type description, Glassell (1945) stated that it was taken inside Miraflores Locks during one of their periodic cleanings, and that the water inside these locks varies greatly in saline content. Hilde- brand (1939), who collected zoological specimens (including P. rod- sonae) in Miraflores Locks during the same cleaning period, late March of 1937, reported in more detail on conditions in these locks. When the sea level gates are opened, according to Hildebrand, salinity in the lower chambers is about that of the inner harbor; when water from Gatun Lake enters them, there is about a half and half mixture of harbor and lake water in the lower chambers. Under these adverse con- ditions many animals live in the lower chambers, among them Crus- tacea including P. robsonae. Hildebrand did not find crabs in the upper chambers of Miraflores Locks, where the water is almost fresh. Unfortunately, no ecological data accompanied the rest of the known material of P. robsonae: four specimens from Mexico (no specific locality), one from Guayaquil, Ecuador, and five from Panama City reported earlier by the writer (Haig, 1957b). It would be of interest to know whether they were taken under conditions similar to those at the type locality. Ovigerous females from the type series were collected in March. Relationships: Petrolisthes robsonae is allied to P. armatus (Gibbes), from which it may be distinguished by the presence of two instead of three spines on the carpus of the chelipeds; the reduced number of spines on the merus of the first two pairs of walking legs; and the distinct anterodistal spine on the carpus of the walking legs. The pubescence on the ventral surface of the manus, given by Glassell as a distinguishing character, is indistinct or absent in some specimens. Remarks: Among organisms collected in the Miraflores Locks of the Panama Canal, Hildebrand (1939) listed Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes). These specimens, which were examined by the writer in the U. S. National Museum, proved to belong to P. robsonae. All but one of them were collected on the same day as the type series, which was taken by Elinor D. Robson. Also seen was a female specimen (U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 98493) collected by Hildebrand on February 24, 1935, in the lowest channel of Gatun Locks on the Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama. This was probably an accidental introduction, for the species has not been reported elsewhere on the Atlantic coast. Its resistance to 60 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 changes in salinity may enable the species to traverse the Canal on the hulls of ships. Range: Mexico (no specific locality reported) south to Guayaquil, Ecuador. Petrolisthes hirtipes Lockington Plate 24, fig. 3 Petrolisthes hirtipes Lockington, 1878, pp. 395, 397 (type localities, Bahia Mulegé and Puerto Escondido, Gulf of California). A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, p. 291. Schmitt, 1924b, p. 383. Glassell, 1936, p. 284; 1938a, p. 443. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 457, pl. 29, fig. 3. Petrolisthes hispidus, A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, p. 293, footnote. Previous records: Baja California. Bahia de la Magdalena: (Glassell 1936). Gulf of California. Bahia de Tepoca, Sonora: F. Baker (Schmitt). Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda; Bahia de los Angeles; Bahia de San Carlos: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Bahia Mulegé; Puerto Escondido: (Lockington). Punta Marcial Reef; Bahia San Gabriel, Isla Espiritu Santo: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Lectotype: Ovigerous female, 6.2 mm. in length by 6.4 mm in width, in Paris Museum, labelled ‘‘Petrolisthes hirtipes Lockington. Californie—Lockington 6-99 (Type).” This specimen is hereby desig- nated lectotype at the request of Mr. Jacques Forest. Diagnosis: Carapace finely plicate and lightly tuberculate; no epi- branchial spine, but a tubercle or one or two minute spinules some- times present at epibranchial angle; front trilobate; carpus about twice as long as wide, anterior margin with a row of strongly projecting, conical tubercles; manus with a thick fringe of hair on outer margin; fingers markedly dissimilar in the two chelipeds; merus of walking legs unarmed on anterior margin (anterodistal angle sometimes spine- tipped), that of legs 1 and 2 spined near distal end of posterior margin. Description: Carapace flattened, covered with fine transverse pli- cations, and with a few scattered tubercles anteriorly; surface covered with a short, velvety pubescence, latter forming a fringe on frontal re- gion. Front trilobate, median lobe slightly broader than lateral lobes COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 61 and not strongly projecting beyond them; a deep median groove. Outer orbital angle slightly produced into a small tooth. No epibranchial spine, but usually a small tubercle or one or two minute spinules at epibranchial angle. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting, trun- cate, lamellar lobe, its margin granular; second with two or three small tubercles on anterior margin; third nearly smooth; flagellum with short hairs. Outer maxillipeds smooth. Chelipeds pubescent, covered with scattered, strongly projecting coni- cal tubercles. Merus with a narrow, conical, strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin. Carpus pubescent, about twice as long as wide; a small rounded lobe at proximal end of anterior margin, more in the form of a strongly projecting tooth in young specimens, this lobe and rest of anterior margin lined with a row of strongly projecting conical tuber- cles; no crest on posterior margin, latter ending distally in a long pro- jection. Manus pubescent, covered with tubercles somewhat larger than those on carpus; outer margin with a broad, thick fringe of soft plumose hairs, continuing to tip of pollex and around “elbow” onto distal fourth of posterior margin of carpus. Dactylus with two longitudinal rows of large pointed tubercles. Fingers in the two chelipeds markedly dissimilar in males, less distinctly so in females and young: in one cheliped, fingers meeting for entire length, and gape with pubescence sometimes produced into a long, heavy tuft covering entire ventral surface of dactylus; in the other cheliped, dactylus and pollex blunt and curved, gaping for entire length, gape with a short pubescence. Walking legs flattened, thickly covered with pubescence which forms anterior and posterior fringes in all segments; all segments with a few scattered conical granules. Merus without spines on anterior margin, but anterodistal angle sometimes spine-tipped ; legs 1 and 2 with two or three spines near distal end of posterior margin, leg 3 without posterior spines, inflated. Material examined: See Table 14. Measurements: Males, 3.1 to 11.1 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.4 to 11.0 mm; ovigerous females, 5.4 to 10.4 mm. A type specimen was reported to be 7 mm long by 6 mm wide. Color: In alcohol, tubercles of chelipeds tipped with red; bent tip of dactyl bright red. (Lockington) Most of the specimens examined were a pale orange or rust color. 62 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Ecology : Commonly found in the littoral under stones; rarely from coral in shallow water. Lockington reported it from 5 fathoms; the Velero III dredged it once in 10 fathoms from a sand and rock bottom, and once in 22 fathoms from a coral rock bottom. Ovigerous females were taken in January, February, and March. Out of a total of 119 female specimens, only 14 were egg-bearing. Relationships: ‘The only species to which Petrolisthes hirtipes is at all closely related is P. nigrunguiculatus Glassell, which occupies ap- proximately the same range. Remarks: Of the extant syntype in the Paris Museum, here desig- nated lectotype, Mr. J. Forest writes as follows: “Les pieces buccales du cété droit et plusieurs pattes ambulatoires manquent.” A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier (1894, p. 293, footnote) referred to Petrolisthes hispidus, apparently a lapsus for P. hirtipes. The ab- sence of mouthparts on the right-hand side as noted by Forest in the preceding paragraph may be accounted for by the fact that those au- thors used the type specimen in a study of the structure of “le fouet exopodial des maxillipédes antérieurs”’ of various porcellanids (see A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, footnote, pp. 292-293). Range: Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California; entire Gulf of California, from Bahia Cholla south to Cabo San Lucas. Petrolisthes nigrunguiculatus Glassell Plate 24, fig. 1 Petrolisthes nigrunguiculatus Glassell, 1936, p. 282 (type locality, Isla Santa Catalina, Gulf of California) ; 1938a, p. 443. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 457, pl. 29, fig. 5. Previous records: Gulf of California. Bahia San Francisquito; Bahia de San Carlos; Puerto Escondido: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Isla Santa Catalina: S$. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Bahia Amortajada; Punta Lobos, Isla Espiritu Santo: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth; no epibranchial spine; front trilobate; carpus about twice as long as wide, proximal half or two- thirds of anterior margin with about four low, well-separated, roughly granulate lobes; manus with a thick fringe of hair on outer margin; fingers markedly dissimilar in the two chelipeds; merus of walking legs unarmed. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 63 Description: Carapace flattened, posterolateral regions plicate, otherwise nearly smooth; faintly pubescent anteriorly. Front trilobate, lateral lobes narrow, pointed, and diverging, median lobe broad, with a deep median sulcus. Outer orbital angle only slightly produced. No epibranchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with a distinct, truncate lobe; second granular; third nearly smooth; flagellum with short hairs. Outer maxillipeds smooth or punctate. Chelipeds covered with rough granules. Merus with a large, strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin. Carpus about twice as long as wide, proximal half or two-thirds of anterior margin armed with about four low, well separated, roughly granular lobes; surface with large gran- ules; a low crest on posterior margin, ending distally in a long projec- tion. Manus with rough granules; outer margin with narrow, elongate tubercles, and with a broad, thick fringe of soft plumose hairs extend- ing from proximal end to about half way onto pollex or nearly to tip of latter; surface without pubescence. Fingers in the two chelipeds markedly dissimilar in males, less distinctly so in females and young: in one cheliped, dactylus very narrow, pollex broad and truncate, fingers meeting for entire length, gape without pubescence; in the other cheliped, dactylus broader, hooked, pollex rounded at tip, fingers gap- ing, gape sometimes with a long, thick tuft of pubescence confined to proximal end of dactylus. Walking legs flattened, faintly rugose, all segments thickly hairy. Merus without spines, not inflated; carpus with rough granules or spinules on anterior margin. Material examined: See Table 15. Measurements: Males, 3.0 to 9.6 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.9 to 7.3 mm; ovigerous females, 4.6 to 8.8 mm. The male holotype measures 7.2 mm in length, 7.0 mm in breadth; an ovigerous female paratype, 7.5 by 7.3 mm. Color: In life, thickly mottled with dark brown and red; tips of chelae light red; tomentum and fingers a dirty white. (Glassell, 1936) A characteristic feature of the species is a strong, dark brown or black stripe on the dactylus of the walking legs. Ecology: Under rocks in the littoral, low and half tide levels. The specimen from Colombia was taken from sponge. Ovigerous females have been collected in February, March, April, and December. 64 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Remarks: Except for a single record, Petrolisthes nigrunguiculatus has been taken only in the Gulf of California. A specimen in the col- lections of the Hancock Foundation bears station number 418-35, which refers to Puerto Utria, Colombia. This specimen does not differ in any respect from Gulf of California material. The fact that it was re- . covered from a sponge suggests that the species should be looked for under similar conditions in intervening territory. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the wrong station number was placed with the specimen; until further material from south of the Gulf of California is recovered, the Colombian record should be accepted with caution. Range: Gulf of California, from Isla Angel de la Guarda south to Cabo San Lucas. Extralimital: Puerto Utria, Colombia. Petrolisthes tuberculatus (Guérin) Plate 24, fig. 2; text-fig. 3(1) Porcellana tuberculata Guérin, 1835, p. 116 (type locality, Chile) ; 1838b, p. 7, pl. VII 26, fig. 2 (type locality restricted to Val- paraiso) ; 1839, p. 175, pl. 52, fig. 2. H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844, p. 34. Dana, 1852, p. 422. Cunningham, 1871, p. 495. Porcellana lobifrons H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 256 (type locality, shores of Chile). Porcellana tuberculifrons, Nicolet, 1849, p. 193 (error for tuberculata). Petrolisthes tuberculatus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 227. Targioni-Tozzetti, 1872a, p. 399; 1872b, p. 471; 1877, p. 216, pl. 13, figs. 3, 3a-f. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 99, 258. Ortmann, 1897, p. 290. Lenz, 1902, p. 746. Porter, 1903, p. 151. Rathbun, 1910, p. 600. Haig, 1955, pp. 43, 50. Previous records: Peru. San Lorenzo: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana). Chile. “Chile”: (Guérin 1835) ; (H. Milne Edwards). Caleta Buena: R. Paessler (Haig). Iquique: F. Beumer (Haig). Iquique; Ca- vancha; Tocopilla: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Taltal: R. Paessler (Haig). Coquimbo: Nassau (Cunningham) ; L. H. Plate (Lenz). Peninsula Coquimbo; Bahia Herradura de Guayacan: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Herradura: F. T. Delfin (Porter). Montemar: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Val- paraiso: Favorite (Guérin 1838b); U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana) ; Magenta (Targioni-Tozzetti) ; Vettor Pisani (Cano). San An- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 65 tonio: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Tumbes: L. H. Plate (Lenz). Bahia de San Vicente: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace with a few large tubercles anteriorly, plicate posteriorly ; no epibranchial spine; front strongly trilobate, lobes about equal in breadth, rounded at tips; carpus over twice as long as wide, proximal two-thirds of anterior margin produced into a strongly pro- jecting lobe, its edge cut into about eight uneven, serrate-edged teeth; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace with a few large tubercles anteriorly, plicate posteriorly, finely pubescent. Front strongly trilobate, lobes about equal in breadth, narrow, rounded at tips, the median one more projecting, lateral ones diverging. Outer orbital angle produced into a strong, narrow tooth. No epibranchial spine. 1 Text-fig. 3. Basal segment of right antennule of 1, Petrolisthes tuberculatus, x 11; 2, P. tuberculosus, x 9. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting, gran- ular lobe on anterior margin; second with scattered rough, projecting granules or small tubercles; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs. Outer maxillipeds punctate or faintly rugose. Chelipeds granular, finely pubescent. Merus with a strongly pro- jecting pointed lobe on anterior margin. Carpus more than twice as long as wide; about the proximal two-thirds of anterior margin produced into a strongly projecting lamellar lobe, its edge cut into about eight uneven, serrate-edged teeth; surface with a longitudinal crest formed of large granules, flattened in adults and strongly projecting in young; a similar crest on posterior margin, ending distally in a large, strong tooth. Outer margin of manus thin-edged, with a fringe of hairs in young; surface with a longitudinal crest of large granules. Gape of fingers without a trace of pubescence. 66 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Walking legs rugose, all segments with plumose and non-plumose hairs. Merus unarmed, that of leg 3 not inflated. Material examined: See Table 16. Measurements: Males, 4.3 to 20.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.4 to 18.2 mm; ovigerous females, 7.8 to 18.9 mm. Guérin reported the maximum length to be about 20 mm. H. Milne Edwards gave 22.5 mm for the length of Porcellana lobifrons, which was based on some of the same specimens from which Guérin described P. tuberculata. ‘Yargioni- Tozzetti (1877) gave a length of 22 mm for a male specimen. Color: Brownish red with a tinge of purple; prominent surfaces of the carapace blue with a purplish tinge; purplish below. (Dana) Ecology: Taken under stones in the littoral. Lund University Chile Expedition specimens were collected in the lower and middle tidal zone, and (on one occasion) from holdfasts of a brown alga. Ovigerous females have been collected in January, February, June, August, and November. Relationships: Petrolisthes tuberculatus is apparently not closely related to any species except P. tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards). Remarks: Three of Guérin’s type specimens from Valparaiso were seen in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, which also houses one specimen from the U. S. Exploring Expedition, labelled “Peru” (probably San Lorenzo). Range: San Lorenzo, Peru, south to Bahia de San Vincente, Chile. Petrolisthes tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards) Plate 24, fig. 4; text-fig. 3(2) Porcellana affinis Guérin, 1835, p. 116 (type locality, Chile). Preoc- cupied by Porcellana affinis Gray, 1831. Porcellana tuberculosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 256 (type locality, shores of Chile). Guérin, 1838b, p. 8; 1839, p. 176. Nicolet, 1849, p. 194. Porcellana tuberculifrons H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1843, p. 33 (new name). Dana, 1852, p. 422. Cunningham, 1871, p. 495. Not Nicolet, 1849, p. 193. Porcellana desmarestii, White, 1847, p. 62. Not Petrolisthes desmaresti (Guérin). COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 67 Petrolisthes tuberculifrons, Stimpson, 1858, p. 227. Petrolisthes tuberculosus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Rathbun, 1910, p. 600. Petrolisthes affinis, Ortmann, 1897, p. 290. Nobili, 1901a, p. 7; 1902, p. 235. Lenz, 1902, p. 746. Doflein and Balss, 1912, p. 35. Haig, 1955, pp. 43, 50, text-fig. 12. Not P. affinis (Gray). Previous records: Chile. “Chile”: (Guérin 1835); (H. Milne Edwards) ; Favorite (Guérin 1838b) ; T. Bell (White). Taltal: R. Paessler (Haig). Coquimbo: Nassau (Cunningham) ; L. H. Plate (Lenz). Penin- sula Coquimbo; Bahia Herradura de Guayacan; Montemar: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Valparaiso: (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas); (Nicolet); U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana). Tumbes: L. H. Plate (Lenz). San Vicente: F. Silvestri (Nobili). Bahia de San Vicente: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Chiloe: Nas- sau (Cunningham). Coast of South America [probably Chile]: R. Paessler (Doflein and Balss). Diagnosis: Carapace with groups of small tubercles anteriorly, rugose posteriorly; no epibranchial spine; front strongly trilobate, median lobe broad, rounded, and concave, lateral lobes narrow and truncate; carpus about twice as long as wide, anterior margin with two or three strong, uneven, serrate teeth followed by a number of denticles; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace with groups of small tubercles anteriorly, rugose on posterolateral regions; surface covered with a fine pubes- cence. Front strongly trilobate, lateral lobes narrow and truncate, median lobe broad, rounded at tip, with a deep concavity flanked on either side by a small tubercle. Outer orbital angle strongly produced into a long, narrow tooth. No epibranchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with a low granular crest on anterior margin; second granular; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked, other segments pubescent. Outer maxillipeds nearly smooth or punctate. Chelipeds granular, covered with a fine, short pubescence. Merus with a strongly projecting, pointed lobe on anterior margin. Carpus about twice as long as wide; armed on anterior margin with two or three strong, uneven, serrate-edged teeth, followed by a number of denticles; surface with a strong longitudinal crest, composed of small, 68 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 obliquely elongate tubercles; posterior margin with a crest formed of large oblique rugae, and ending distally in a large, strong tooth. Manus with a thin outer margin; gape with a short pubescence, confined to proximal half of fingers. Walking legs rugose, all segments thickly covered with plumose hairs. Merus unarmed, that of leg 3 slightly inflated. Material examined: Bahia de San Juan, Peru, shore; February 8, 1938; Velero III station 828-38; one male. Peninsula Coquimbo, Chile, shore; June 24, 1949; Lund Univer- sity Chile Expedition station M127; one male (Allan Hancock Foun- dation, gift of H. Brattstrém). Valparaiso, Chile; date and collector unknown; three dry specimens (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Cat. No. 3578). Talcahuano, Chile; April, 1872; Hassler Expedition; 12 males, 15 females (one ovigerous) (Museum of Comparative Zoology Cat. No. 7954). Measurements: Males, 11.5 to 22.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 11.0 to 25.7 mm; ovigerous females, 13.3 to 16.5 mm. The last meas- urement was of an ovigerous female collected by the Hassler, examined previously but not seen in connection with the present report. In his description of Porcellana tuberculosa, H. Milne Edwards gave the length of specimens as about 8 lines (18 mm). A 14 line (29.6 mm) specimen, the largest on record, was taken by the U. S. Exploring Ex- pedition and reported by Dana (1852). Color: Not recorded. Preserved specimens are reddish brown to pale buff. Ecology: In the littoral, under stones. Ovigerous females were col- lected in April by the Hassler. Remarks: The nomenclature of this species has been considerably confused. It was originally described by Guérin (1835) as Porcellana affinis, and redescribed two years later by H. Milne Edwards (probably from the same specimens) as Porcellana tuberculosa. Guérin (1838b), in his full report on the porcellanids briefly characterized by him in 1835, accepted H. Milne Edwards’s name for the species because his own Porcellana affinis was preoccupied by Porcellana affinis Gray, 1831. H. Milne Edwards and Lucas (1843) created the new name Por- cellana tuberculifrons for this species, placing P. affinis Guérin in syn- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 69 onymy with it. (At the same time they listed P. lobifrons H. Milne Edwards in the synonymy of P. tuberculifrons, evidently by error as they also placed the former name in the synonymy of P. tuberculata Guérin). Although they did not so state, H. Milne Edwards and Lucas may have intended the name tuberculifrons as a substitute for tuber- culosa, to avoid confusion of the latter name with tuberculata. How- ever, in spite of the unfortunate similarity of the names of two closely related species, tuberculosa as the oldest available name must stand for the form under consideration. Nicolet (1849) properly used the name Porcellana tuberculosa for the species; however, he created further confusion by citing the related species, Porcellana tuberculata Guérin, as “P. tuberculifrons Guérin.” It is apparent from his account that he attributed the name tuberculifrons to Guérin by error for tuberculata, and that he was not referring to Porcellana tuberculifrons H. Milne Edwards and Lucas = P. tuberculosus Guérin. The name Porcellana tuberculifrons was used for the present species by Dana (1852) and Cunningham (1871). Stimpson (1858) listed it as Petrolisthes tuberculifrons and also as Petrolisthes tuberculosus, hav- ing apparently lost sight of the fact that the two are synonymous. Ortmann (1897) returned to the use of the name affinis for the spe- cies, arguing that since Gray’s Porcellana affinis was undefined, Guérin’s Porcellana affinis is not a homonym. All subsequent writers have followed Ortmann in citing the species as Petrolisthes affinis (Guérin). However, Gray’s description of Porcellana affinis is sufh- cient to validate it, although so brief that no species can be positively identified with it. (See also under account of Petrolisthes tridentatus.) Guérin’s affinis is therefore not available for the present species. The specimen collected by the Velero IJI at Bahia de San Juan is the first to be reported from Peru. Rathbun (1910) listed the spe- cies from Peru as well as Chile, but the source of her record has not been found. Range: Bahia de San Juan, Peru, south to Chiloe, Chile. 70 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Petrolisthes tiburonensis Glassell Plate 25, figs. 1, 3 Petrolisthes tiburonensis Glassell, 1936, p. 284 (type locality, S end of Isla Tiburon, Gulf of California) ; 1938a, p. 444. Previous records: Gulf of California. Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda; Bahia de los Angeles; S end Isla Tiburén: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Diagnosis: Carapace with rough granules and plications, raised into rough transverse ridges; no epibranchial spine; front sinuously triangular, with a strong conical tubercle at tip and one on either side; carpus in males over three times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed, margins subparallel; carpus in females and young about two and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a row of spinules, margins slightly converging distally; manus with a broad median longitudinal crest, outer margin unarmed in males, spinulose in females and young; merus of walking legs nodulose on anterior margin, unarmed at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace covered with rough granules and plications, regions well marked and separated by deep grooves; in females and young, especially, the plications raised into rough transverse ridges. Front sinuously triangular, with a distinct median groove; its margin with three well separated, strong conical tubercles, one at tip and one on either side half way between it and inner orbital angle; these tuber- cles more distinct and strongly projecting in females and young. Outer orbital angle produced into a small tooth. No epibranchial spine. Cara- pace naked in males, pubescent in females and young. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting, nodu- late lobe; second and third nodulate, most markedly so in females and young; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magni- fication. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds covered with fine granules. Merus with a low granular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus in males over three times as long as wide, margins subparallel; anterior margin unarmed; dorsal surface with a low longitudinal crest ; posterior margin with a low crest covered with slightly enlarged granules, and ending distally in a small tooth. Carpus in females and young about two and a half times as long as wide, margins slightly converging distally; anterior margin armed COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 71 with about five spinules; dorsal crest more distinct than in males; crest on posterior margin similar to that of males. Manus with a broad median longitudinal crest extending to base of dactylus; outer margin with a thin, smooth crest, unarmed in males, in females and young with a row of spinules continuing nearly to end of pollex. Dactylus with a strong ridge on dorsal surface; gape with a thick pubescence, produced along proximal half or more of fingers into a long tuft. Walking legs covered with small granules. Merus with three longi- tudinal crests, median one defined by two distinct grooves; anterior margin with a row of small nodules, these crests and nodules more dis- tinct in females and young; not armed with spines; that of leg 3 not in- flated. Carpus nodulate at proximal and distal ends of posterior mar- gin; carpus and propodus with a low longitudinal crest. Last three seg- ments with scattered tufts of short setae. Variations: In small males (up to about 8.5 mm in some cases, although some smaller than this show the male characteristics), it was observed that female characters were present, particularly the shorter carpus and spinules on carpus and manus. One large male specimen had a small left cheliped, evidently regenerated, and this cheliped was of the female form although the rest of the specimen exhibited typical adult male characters. Material examined: See Table 17. Measurements: Males, 6.0 to 11.8 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.8 to 8.3 mm; ovigerous females, 5.8 to 9.3 mm. The female holotype measures 9.2 mm in length, 10 mm in breadth; a male paratype, 10.5 by 10.8 mm. Color: Color in life chocolate brown. (Glassell, 1936) Ecology: Taken under stones in the littoral. The tide level was not noted for Hancock Foundation specimens, but the type series was collected at low tide. Ovigerous females have been collected in December, January, Feb- ruary, and March. Remarks: This species is remarkable for its strongly nodulated front and walking legs, and its sexual dimorphism. Range: Gulf of California, from San Felipe south to Punta Trini- dad. 72 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Petrolisthes rathbunae Schmitt Plate 26, fig. 2 Petrolisthes rathbunae Schmitt in Hilton, 1916, p. 72 (listed only), text-fig. 6 (not recognizable to species). Schmitt, 1921, p. 181 (description; type locality, San Clemente Island, California), pl. 32, fig. 3. Glassell, 1938a, p. 443. Hewatt, 1946, pp. 191, 195, 200. Previous records: California. Monterey Bay; Santa Rosa Island: (Schmitt). Scorpion Harbor and between Pelican Bay and Prisoner’s Harbor, Santa Cruz Island: W. G. Hewatt and W. Williams (Hewatt). Santa Monica Bay; San Pedro Bay: (Schmitt). Laguna Beach: W. A. Hilton (Hilton). Santa Catalina Island: (Schmitt). San Clemente Island: H. N. Lowe (Schmitt). Diagnosis: Carapace with short, transverse, piliferous striations; no epibranchial spine; front triangular; carpus about two and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin sometimes spinuliferous, mar- gins subparallel; merus of walking legs without spines on anterior mar- gin, that of leg 1 with a very small spine at posterodistal angle. Description: Carapace completely covered with short, transverse, piliferous striations, latter taking the form of large, flattened, imbricate tubercles on epibranchial region and smaller granules on front; regions distinct. Front triangular, with a deep median sulcus; no supraocular spine; inner orbital angle not produced. Outer orbital angle slightly produced. No epibranchial spine. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting, gran- ular, lamellar lobe, the granules produced into spinules in small speci- mens; second roughly granular or rugose, armed with a distal spinule on anterior margin in small specimens; third roughly granular; flagel- lum with short hairs sometimes visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Chelipeds lightly pubescent. Merus rugose, armed on anterior mar- gin with a strongly projecting rugose lobe. Carpus about two and a half times as long as wide, margins subparallel, covered with large flattened granules, some of the granules along anterior margin produced into spinules in small specimens; surface with a low median longitudinal crest covered with enlarged granules; posterior margin with an obliquely rugose crest ending distally in a sharp tooth. Manus granular, with a thin outer edge; inner margin with large, oblique, flattened tubercles. Dactylus with a longitudinal median crest composed of imbricate tuber- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 73 cles, and an oblique row along margin forming a continuation with those of inner margin of manus; gape with a thick pubescence pro- duced on proximal half of fingers into a heavy tuft. Walking legs covered with short rugae from which arise tufts of long setae. Merus with a fringe of plumose hairs on anterior margin; that of leg 1 with a very small posterodistal spine, that of leg 3 not inflated. Ventral surface of chelipeds and walking legs rugose; abdomen smooth. Variations: In some specimens the hairs arising from the stria- tions of the carapace are rather long, giving the entire carapace a dis- tinctly hairy appearance. Material examined: See Table 18. Measurements: Males, 4.4 to 18.6 mm; non-ovigerous females, 6.6 to 17.2 mm; ovigerous females, 7.7 to 13.0 mm. The male holotype measures 18 mm by 17 mm. Color: Carapace with dotted striations of dark maroon purple on a ground of greenish dark olive buff. Antennae bright maroon and eyes black. Chelae garnet brown, becoming lighter distally. Cutting edge and tips of fingers bright vermilion. Merus of ambulatory legs ochraceous buff dotted with maroon. Carpus and propodus dark garnet brown banded with orange red. Dactyls brilliant scarlet. Fourth ambulatory leg and visible portion of abdomen (in dorsal view) ochraceous buff densely spotted with maroon. Ventral side red orange except ptery- gostomian area which is garnet brown, and distal portion of maxillipeds bright orange red. (Petersen, of a live specimen from Santa Cruz Is- land) “General ground color of salmon, fading out to a paler, more yel- lowish tint toward posterior edge of carapace, proximal portions of ambulatory legs, and on under parts, becoming bluish white on sternum. Flagella of antennae transparent claret color. Larger scale-like projec- tions of rugae on anterior portion of carapace and chelipeds spotted with brick red, the two to three spots of red to each of the scales on the carapace giving it an apparently tuberculated appearance. Hairs yel- lowish. A few scattered spots of brick-red occur on the first few abdom- inal segments.” (Schmitt, 1921, of a specimen preserved in formalin) Ecology: This species commonly inhabits the lower intertidal zone, under stones. Ovigerous females are recorded for March, April, June, July, and December. 74 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Remarks: Thanks to collecting activities of personnel from the Han- cock Foundation’s vessel Velero IV, the range of Petrolisthes rathbunae is extended to Isla Guadalupe, Baja California. Although Isla Guada- lupe is known to have a rather high percentage of endemism in its fauna, no differences could be found between specimens of P. rath- bunae from that island and those from California. This species is the first porcellanid to be reported from Isla Guadalupe. Range: California mainland, from Monterey Bay south to Laguna Beach; Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina, San Clemente, and Guadalupe Islands. Petrolisthes eriomerus Stimpson Plate 26, fig. 4 ?Porcellana eupicola, Spence Bate, 1866, p. 277. Not P. rupicola Stimp- son = Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall). Petrolisthes eriomerus Stimpson, 1871, p. 119 (type locality, Mendo- cino, California). Lockington, 1878, pp. 395, 397. Holmes, 1900, p. 108, pl. 1, fig. 15. Rathbun, 1904, p. 168. Way, 1917, p. 350, pl. 80, fig. 4. Schmitt, 1921, p. 180 (part), pl. 23, fig. 2; text-fig. 114. Johnson and Snook, 1927, p. 351, text-fig. 299. G. M. Smith, 1928, p. 164. Hart, 1930, p. 105; 1940, p. 89; 1953, p. 140. Clemens, 1933, p. 50. Glassell, 1938a, p. 443; 1945, p. 224. Ricketts and Calvin, 1939, p. 171 (part). Rigg and Miller, 1949, p. 343. Light, 1954, pp. 183, 186. Not Boone, 1931, p. 154, text- fig. 8; 1932, p. 52, text-fig. 16. Probably not Hilton, 1916, p. 72. ?Petrolisthes Pseetae Newcombe, 1893, p. 30 (part). ?Petrolisthes cinctipes, Calman, 1898, p. 260. Lenz, 1901, p. (part). Vaylor, 191925 pp. 1912208: Previous records: British Columbia. Langara Island, Queen Charlotte Islands: (Hart 1953). Flamingo Inlet and W side Louscoone Bay, Queen Char- lotte Islands: C. M. Fraser (Hart 1940). West coast Vancouver Island: Esperanza Inlet; Nootka Sound; Clayoquot Sound: E. G. Hart (Hart 1940). East coast Vancouver Island: Strait of Georgia ; Baynes Sound near Comox: C. F. Newcombe (Newcombe) [probably this species]. Nanaimo: G. W. Taylor (Taylor) [prob- ably this species]. Ross Bay: (Hart 1930). Near Sidney: G. M. Smith (Smith). Victoria: C. F. Newcombe (Newcombe) [probably this species]. Esquimault Harbor: J. K. Lord (Spence Bate) [prob- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 75 ably this species]. Gonzales Point; Parry Bay; Horswell Point: (Hart 1930). Bare Island between Vancouver Island and the main- land: Schauinsland (Lenz) [probably this species]. Washington. Friday Harbor, San Juan Islands: E. Way (Way). Neah Bay, Juan de Fuca Strait: (Rigg and Miller). Hope Island: G. W. Taylor (Taylor) [probably this species]. Puget Sound: Colum- bia Univ. Exped. (Calman) [probably this species]. Puget Sound: (Ricketts and Calvin). Seattle: (Schmitt). California. Humboldt County: (Holmes). Mendocino: A. Agassiz (Stimpson). Point Mendocino: S. J. Holmes (Holmes). San Francisco Bay: (Holmes). Pacific Grove: (Rathbun). San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz Islands: (Glassell 1945). Diagnosis: Carapace with rough granules and small tubercles an- teriorly, nearly smooth posteriorly; no epibranchial spine; front tri- angular; carpus twice as long as wide, covered with large rough gran- ules and small tubercles, anterior margin unarmed or with a few spinules, margins subparallel; outer margin of manus with a low crest; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace covered anteriorly with rough granules, forming small tubercles on protogastric, hepatic, and epibranchial re- gions, the grooves defining these regions distinct; posterolateral re- gions plicate. Front broad, triangular, with a deep median sulcus; no supraocular spine; inner orbital angle not produced. Outer orbital angle very slightly produced. No epibranchial spine. Carapace naked or lightly pubescent. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin; second granular, often with a tubercle near distal end of anterior margin; third granular; flagellum naked or with vesti- gial hairs. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds covered with scattered large granules. Merus with a strongly projecting, rugose or granular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus twice as long as wide, lightly pubescent, anterior and posterior mar- gins subparallel; in some young specimens, a few granules along an- terior margin produced into small spinules; surface covered with large, rough granules and with a low, narrow, median longitudinal crest ; posterior margin with a strong, obliquely rugose crest ending distally in a sharp tooth. Manus with a low longitudinal carina from base of dactylus, outer margin bearing a low, smooth, rounded crest. Gape with 76 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 a thick pubescence produced on proximal half of fingers into a long tuft. Walking legs granular; merus unarmed, that of leg 3 not inflated ; merus and carpus covered with plumose and non-plumose hairs, pro- podus and dactylus with long tufts of hairs. Material examined: See Table 19. Measurements: Males, 4.4 to 15.1 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.8 to 15.0 mm; ovigerous females, 3.9 to 12.6 mm. The size of the type specimen was not recorded. Color: Reddish brown mottled with varying amounts of blue.. . At least part of outer maxilliped and proximal internal angle of dactylus of cheliped a bright porcelain blue. (Hart, 1930) Ecology: In general, Petrolisthes eriomerus occurs under stones in the lower part of the tidal zone from the northern part of its range south to San Luis Obispo County, California. It has occasionally been taken from submerged jetties, eelgrass roots, and kelp holdfasts. Way (1917) reported it from 25 fathoms at Friday Harbor, Washington. Glassell’s (1945) record for the northern Santa Barbara Islands does not specify depth of capture, but the Velero III and IV dredged it in that area at a depth of 5 to 30 fathoms, and the Velero III took it off Anacapa Island in 45-47 fathoms (substrates of rock, gravel, sand, and shell). The only mainland record south of San Luis Obispo County is La Jolla, where it was collected from kelp beds, probably also at sev- eral fathoms’ depth. P. eriomerus is often found associated with Pachycheles pubescens Holmes, which like it characteristically inhabits the intertidal zone from British Columbia to San Luis Obispo County, California, and deeper water off the Channel Islands and the mainland to the south. Remarks: Female and juvenile specimens of Petrolisthes manima- culis Glassell, with rough granules on the anterior regions of the cara- pace and on the carpus of the chelipeds, often resemble P. eriomerus very closely. The two species may always be distinguished by the length- width ratio of the carpus. In P. manimaculis the length of the carpus is not less than 2.4 times the width; in P. eriomerus it seldom exceeds two times the width, and is never as much as 2.4 times. Range: Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, south to La Jolla, California; off Santa Barbara Islands. Shore to 47 fathoms. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 77 Petrolisthes manimaculis Glassell Plate 27, fig. 1 Petrolisthes eriomerus, ?Hilton, 1916, p. 72. Schmitt, 1921, p. 180 (part). ?Ricketts and Calvin, 1939, p. 171 (part). Not P. erio- merus Stimpson. Petrolisthes gracilis, Schmitt, 1921, p. 181 (part), pl. 32, fig. 4. Not P. gracilis Stimpson. Petrolisthes manimaculis Glassell, 1945, p. 223, text-fig. 1 (type local- ity, Morro Bay, California). Light, 1954, pp. 183, 186. Petrolisthes sp., Hewatt, 1946, p. 200. Previous records: California. Moss Beach, San Mateo County: R. Fields and E. Benton (Glassell). Half Moon Bay: (Schmitt) [as P. eriomerus|. Mon- terey Bay; Pacific Grove: (Schmitt) [as P. gracilis]. Morro Bay: S. A. Glassell (Glassell). Santa Cruz Island: W. G. Hewatt and W. Williams (Hewatt). Newport Bay: (Ricketts and Cal- vin) [probably this species]. Santa Catalina Island: (Schmitt) [as P. gracilis]. Laguna Beach: (Hilton) [probably this species]. Spindrift Beach, La Jolla: S. A. Glassell (Glassell). Baja California. “Lower California’: (Schmitt) [as P. eriomerus; probably this species]. Diagnosis: Carapace smooth to granulate anteriorly, nearly smooth posteriorly ; no epibranchial spine; front triangular; carpus a little over twice to nearly three times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed, margins subparallel; outer margin of manus with a thin edge; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace usually a little broader than long, somewhat granular, sometimes quite roughly so, on anterior regions; nearly smooth posteriorly, posterolateral regions with short, faint plications. Front tri- angular, with a deep median groove; no supraocular spine; inner orbi- tal angle not produced. Outer orbital angle not produced. No epibran- chial spine. Carapace naked, or with a few scattered hairs in some small specimens. First movable segment of antenna with a thick projecting ridge on anterior margin; second and third nearly smooth to slightly nodulate; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds in large specimens finely granular, appearing almost smooth; in females and small specimens sometimes rather roughly gran- ular, especially on carpus and proximal part of manus. Merus with a 78 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin. Carpus from a little less than two and a half to nearly three times as long as wide, in females and young not exceeding about 2.4 times, margins subparallel; one or two minute spinules near proximal end of anterior margin sometimes present in young; a low, obliquely rugose crest along posterior margin, ending distally in a tooth, the groove defining this crest filled with short plumose hairs. Manus naked, with a thin outer margin. Fingers long and slender ; gape with a thick pubescence, usually extending nearly to tips of fingers, and in proximal half of their length produced into a long tuft. Walking legs smooth to finely granular; merus not inflated, un- armed with spines, all segments covered with scattered tufts of plumose and non-plumose hairs. Material examined: See Table 20. Measurements: Males, 3.4 to 16.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.2 to 12.0 mm; ovigerous females, 5.1 to 11.5 mm. Glassell reported the male holotype to be 15.3 mm in length by 16.0 mm in breadth. Color: “Ground color a rich brown, almost a red-chocolate, with large and small blue dots, giving the effect of blue lines, although they are actually a series of blue dots running together, this same effect being on the carpus and fingers of the hand. Median longitudinal ridge of the palm with a row of turquoise-blue spots. Legs a tan spotted with bluish white. Palp of maxillipeds margined with blue, inner proximal base of dactyl orange.” (Glassell, 1945, of a live specimen from color note by Kirk.) Ecology: “This species occupies the lower levels of the intertidal zone. Its vertical range may be assumed not to exceed the mean low- water level. It, like most members of the genus, demands the shelter of rocks and weeds, uninfluenced by drifting sands.” (Glassell, 1945) All Hancock Foundation material was shore collected, with minus tides recorded in three cases. Since the zonation of various species from each collecting station was not critically studied, nothing can be added to Glassell’s observations, above. Ovigerous females are recorded for all months from October through March, and in June. Remarks: Glassell (1945) showed that California specimens referred by Schmitt (1921) to Petrolisthes gracilis Stimpson were actually P. manimaculis. ‘The reference by Schmitt in the same paper to P. erio- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 79 merus Stimpson from Half Moon Bay, California, was also based on specimens of P. manimaculis, as determined by the present writer who saw the Half Moon Bay material in the U. S. National Museum. Schmitt’s reference to “Lower California” as the southern extent of the range of P. eriomerus may also be based on P. manimaculis, for P. eriomerus is not known to occur that far south. It is believed that Hil- ton’s (1916) reference to P. eriomerus from Laguna Beach, and Ricketts and Calvin’s (1939) to the same species from Newport Bay, may very possibly be based on P. manimaculis; although P. eriomerus occurs as far south as La Jolla, it appears to be confined to fairly deep water in the southern part of its range. Range: Bodega Bay, California, south to Punta Eugenia, Baja Cali- fornia. Petrolisthes gracilis Stimpson Plate 27, fig. 2 Petrolisthes gracilis Stimpson, 1858, p. 227 (listed only; type locality, Gulf of California) ; 1859, p. 74 (description; type locality re- stricted to Guaymas). Lockington, 1878, pp. 395, 396. Rathbun, TOTO, p.. 599) Schutt, 1921, p. 181 (part; not pl. 32, fig. 4); 1924b, p. 383. Glassell, 1938a, p. 443. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 456, pl. 29, fig. 4. Not Nobili, 1901b, p. 13. Petrolistes gracilis, Sivertsen, 1933, pl. 3, fig. 31 (not p. 8, pl. 3, fig. 30). Previous records: Gulf of California. Bahia de Tepoca, Sonora: F. Baker (Schmitt 1924b). Bahia de los Angeles: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Bahia de San Carlos: F. Baker (Schmitt 1924b) ; J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Puerto San Carlos, Sonora: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Guaymas, Sonora: C. M. P. Stone (Stimpson 1859). Bahia San Gabriel, Isla Espiritu Santo: J. Stein- beck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth; no epibranchial spine; front sinuously triangular to trilobate; carpus two and a half to three times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed, margins subparallel; outer margin of manus with a thin edge; merus of walking legs unarmed, naked or nearly so. Description: Carapace smooth, punctate, or very finely and evenly granulate. Front sinuously triangular, median groove not distinct; no 80 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 supraocular spine; inner orbital angle broad and rounded, slightly to distinctly produced, the front in the latter case appearing distinctly tri- lobate. Outer orbital angle only slightly produced. No epibranchial spine. Carapace naked. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting lobe; second and third nearly smooth; flagellum with short hairs. Outer maxillipeds punctate or lightly rugose. Chelipeds finely granular, appearing almost smooth, devoid of hairs. Merus with a strongly projecting, distally directed, rounded lobe on anterior margin. Carpus two and a half to three times as long as wide, margins subparallel; a low, obliquely rugose crest on posterior margin, ending distally in a sharp tooth. Manus long and slender, with a thin outer margin. Fingers long, curved; gape with a thick pubescence ex- tending nearly to tips of fingers, not produced into a longer tuft proxi- mally. Walking legs smooth or punctate; merus not inflated, not armed with spines, naked or with a few scattered setae on margins; other seg- ments covered with long setae. Variations: In some specimens the inner orbital angles appear only very slightly produced; in others they are very strongly produced, so that the front is distinctly trilobate. In long series of specimens it was observed that the inner orbital angles show a gradation between these two extremes. Material examined: See Table 21. Measurements: Males, 2.7 to 10.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.7 to 7.8 mm; ovigerous females, 3.7 to 8.0 mm. The type was reported to be .44 inch in length by .41 inch in breadth (about 11.0 by 10.4 mm). Color: Carapace dull bluish green with evenly placed small white spots. Eyes reddish brown. Antennules yellow green with flame scarlet tips. Antennae dull chrome yellow. Chelae and ambulatory legs same color as carapace but a little lighter. Small scarlet area at the base on inner side of movable finger. Tips of fingers light orange. Dactyls of ambulatory legs dull orange. Ventral side dull bluish green. Inner distal portion of maxillipeds brilliant Matthews blue. (Petersen, of a live spec- imen from Isla Angel de la Guarda) In alcohol, some specimens show small orange spots on the chelipeds and walking legs. A characteristic marking, found in some but not all individuals, is a broad black stripe on the propodus of the walking legs; COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 81 it is shown in Plate 27, fig. 2 and in the specimen illustrated by Stein- beck and Ricketts (1941, pl. 29, fig. 4). Ecology: Petrolisthes gracilis is almost strictly a littoral species; Hancock Foundation collectors took it from under stones at all stations but one, where it was recovered from coral. It was dredged by the Velero III on two occasions: in 10 fathoms from a bottom of sand and rock, and in 18-25 fathoms from a sand bottom. Ovigerous females have been collected in every month from January through June. Remarks: Although Stimpson’s description of Petrolisthes gracilis was unsatisfactorily brief and his type specimen is no longer extant, the Gulf of California type locality is sufficient to identify the species; no other Petrolisthes with which it might be confused occurs in the Gulf. P. gracilis is a Gulf of California endemic and, like some other Gulf of California endemic species, is established at the southern end of the outer Baja California coast and on the Tres Marias Islands. The Velero III record from Bahia Tangola-Tangola should be accepted with caution, pending additional recoveries of the species along the Mexican main- land south of the Gulf of California. California specimens identified with P. gracilis by Schmitt (1921) belong to a distinct species, P. manimaculis Glassell; Nobili’s (1901b) Ecuador record was based on P. tridentatus Stimpson. Range: Bahia de Santa Maria, Baja California; Gulf of California, from Punta Pefiasco and San Felipe south to La Paz; Islas Las Tres Marias. Extralimital: Bahia Tangola-Tangola, Mexico. Shore; rarely to 25 fathoms. Petrolisthes tridentatus Stimpson Plate 25, fig. 4 Restricted synonymy: ?Porcellana affinis Gray, 1831, p. 15 (type locality unknown). H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 257. White, 1847, p. 63. Petrolisthes tridentatus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227 (listed only; type local- ity, Antilles) ; 1859, p. 75, pl. 1, fig. 4 (description; type localities restricted to Barbados and St. Thomas). Schmitt, 1935, pp. 185, 187, text-fig. 47. Haig, 1957b, p. 8. Petrolisthes gracilis, Nobili, 1901b, p. 13. Not P. gracilis Stimpson. Petrolisthes eriomerus, Boone, 1931, p. 154 (part), text-fig. 8. Not P. eriomerus Stimpson. 82 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Previous Pacific records: Panama. Isla Taboguilla: W. G. Van Name (Boone); (Schmitt). Guayabo Chiquito: Askoy (Haig). Colombia. Bahia Lim6én, Golfo de Cupica: Askoy (Haig). Ecuador. Bahia de Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth; no epibranchial spine; front trilobate, the lateral lobes narrow and diverging; carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed, margins slightly converging distally; outer margin of manus with a thin edge; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace finely and evenly granular or nearly smooth, regions not distinct. Front trilobate, the lateral lobes narrow, diverg- ing, median lobe broad, triangular, with a distinct groove. Outer orbital angle only slightly produced. No epibranchial spine. Carapace naked or with traces of pubescence in small specimens. First movable segment of antenna with a projecting lamellar lobe; second and third nearly smooth; flagellum with short hairs. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds finely granular, often appearing almost smooth, naked or with slight traces of hairs. Merus with a strongly projecting, distally directed lobe on anterior margin. Carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide, margins very slightly converging distally; anterior margin unarmed; a low, obliquely rugose crest on posterior margin, ending distally in a small sharp tooth. Manus with a thin outer margin. Fingers long and slender, gape with a short pubescence. Walking legs finely granular; merus not inflated, not armed with spines, all segments covered with long setae. Material examined: See Table 22. Measurements: Males, 2.5 to 6.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.9 to 4.4 mm; ovigerous females, 3.0 to 4.9 mm. Stimpson’s type was recorded as 0.20 inch in length, 0.19 inch in breadth (about 5.0 by 4.8 mm). Color: According to Stimpson (1859), the carapace is usually spotted with red, and streaked down the middle with whitish; the chelipeds are dark reddish and legs banded. The examined material was bleached from preservation in alcohol, but some specimens showed faint traces of reddish spots on the carapace. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 83 Ecology: Petrolisthes tridentatus appears to be a strictly littoral species, and has been taken only under stones. In the Pacific, ovigerous females have been taken in January, February, March, May, October, and December. Remarks: Petrolisthes tridentatus, originally described from the western Atlantic, was first reported on the Pacific coast by Schmitt (1935), who mentioned its occurrence at Isla Taboguilla, Panama. The specimens on which this record was presumably based, three males and nine females collected in 1904 by the A4/batross, were examined by the present writer. Haig (1957b) reported Pacific coast specimens taken by the Askoy in Colombia and Panama, and also identified as this species a speci- men from Ecuador referred by Nobili (1901b) to Petrolisthes gracilis Stimpson. Boone (1931) listed seven specimens from Isla Taboguilla, Pan- ama, as Petrolisthes eriomerus Stimpson. This material was re-exam- ined by the present writer in the American Museum of Natural His- tory; six of the specimens (including the one figured) proved to belong to P. tridentatus, while the seventh is P. platymerus, described herein. Gray (1831) very briefly described Porcellana affinis from among British Museum porcellanids without locality data. H. Milne Edwards (1837) repeated Gray’s description; White (1847) listed the species, noting that Gray’s specimens were three in number. Stimpson (1859, p. 75) suggested that P. affinis might be the same as his Petrolisthes tridentatus. According to Dr. Isabella Gordon, of whom the present writer requested additional information on Porcellana affinis, Gray’s three syntypes are still extant in the British Museum, but are dry and in poor condition and unaccompanied by any data. Camera lucida sketches provided by Dr. Gordon show that the front, orbits, chelipeds, and walking legs agree very closely in form with those of Petrolisthes tridentatus. However, without evidence that Gray’s types came from one of the American coasts, the two species cannot be proved to be identical. Range: Bahia de Salinas, Costa Rica, south to Isla Puna, Ec- uador. Also western Atlantic, throughout the Caribbean area. 84 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Petrolisthes galapagensis, new species Plate 2; plate 25, fig. 2 Petrolisthes eriomerus, Boone, 1932, p. 52, text-fig. 16. Not P. erio- merus Stimpson. Previous records: Galapagos Islands. Bahia de Gardner, Isla Hood: W. Beebe on Arcturus (Boone). Types: Holotype, male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102403, from Black Bight, Isla Albemarle, Galapagos Islands, rocky shore; February 8, 1933; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Epedition of 1933 at Velero III station 62-33. Paratypes: 65 specimens from the same and seven other stations (see Table 23). Diagnosis: Carapace subquadrate, its margins subparallel posterior to epibranchial angle, nearly smooth; no epibranchial spine; front triangular; carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed, margins subparallel; manus with a low crest on outer margin; fingers blunt, often short and stubby; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, subquadrate, lateral margins nearly parallel behind epibranchial angle; nearly smooth, covered anteriorly with fine granules and posteriorly with light pli- cations; grooves marking the various regions distinct. Frontal region deflexed; front strongly produced, triangular, with a distinct median groove extending to between protogastric lobes; no supraocular spine; inner orbital angle not produced. Orbits rather shallow; outer orbital angle only slightly produced. No epibranchial spine. Carapace naked. First movable segment of antennae faintly granular, with a low crest on anterior margin; second and third nearly smooth or faintly granular, without anterior projections; flagellum naked or with vesti- gial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds naked, finely granular dorsally, appearing almost smooth; ventral surface smooth. Merus with a broad, low, rounded granular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide, margins subparallel; posterior margin with a low, obscurely rugose crest scarcely produced distally, this crest defined by a narrow, often obsolescent longitudinal groove. Manus flat, its outer edge with a low, smooth crest extending onto pollex. Fingers blunt, curved at tips, cutting edges without teeth; in one cheliped usually short, stubby, COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 85 and gaping. Gape with a thick, fine pubescence, extending nearly to tip of fingers, completely filling gape but not produced into a tuft. Walking legs finely granulate or punctate. Merus unarmed, with long scattered setae near posterior margin and a few on dorsal surface and anterior margin, that of leg 3 not inflated; carpus, propodus and dactylus thickly covered with long and short scattered setae. Measurements: Holotype male: length 10.2 mm, width 10.1 mm. Paratypes: males, 4.0 to 8.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.9 to 7.0 mm; ovigerous females, 4.4 to 7.2 mm. The specimen recorded by Boone (1932) as Petrolisthes eriomerus was reported to be 13 mm in length. Color: No trace of color remained on any of the specimens exam- ined. Ecology: Hancock Expeditions specimens were taken in the inter- tidal zone under stones, where they were frequently found with Pet- rolisthes tonsorius, new species. The specimen reported by Boone from the Arcturus Expedition was recovered in 214 fathoms from a coral rock bottom. Ovigerous females were collected in December, January, and Feb- ruary. Remarks: The specimen reported by Boone (1932) as Petrolisthes eriomerus Stimpson was not examined by the writer, but may readily be identified with P. galapagensis from the accompanying photograph. Range: Known only from the Galapagos Archipelago, at Islas Albe- marle, Bartolomé, James, Indefatigable, Charles, and Hood. Petrolisthes tonsorius, new species Plate 3; plate 26, fig. 1 Petrolisthes cinctipes, Boone, 1932, p. 49, text-fig. 15. Not P. cinctipes (Randall). Petrolisthes near cinctipes, Schmitt, 1939, p. 11. Previous records: Mexico. Bahia de Braithwaite, Isla Socorro: Presidential Cruise of 1938 (Schmitt). Galapagos Islands. Bahia de Gardner, Isla Hood: W. Beebe on Arcturus (Boone). Types: Holotype, male, U. S$. National Museum Cat. No. 102404, from south of Cabo Berkeley, Isla Albemarle, Galapagos Islands, rocky 86 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 shore; February 10, 1933; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1933 at Velero III station 68-33. Paratypes: 178 speci- mens from the same and 16 other stations (see Table 24). Diagnosis: Carapace subquadrate, its margins subparallel posterior to epibranchial angle, nearly smooth; no epibranchial spine; front narrow, triangular; carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide, proximal two-thirds of anterior margin with a strong lobe, distal third subparallel with posterior margin; manus with a low, slightly rounded crest on outer margin; fingers blunt, sometimes short and_ stubby; merus of walking legs unarmed, that of leg 3 inflated. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, subquadrate, lateral margins nearly parallel behind epibranchial angle; nearly smooth, cov- ered anteriorly with fine granules and posteriorly with light plications; grooves marking the various regions distinct. Frontal region deflexed ; front strongly produced, narrow, triangular, with a deep median groove extending to between protogastric lobes; no supraocular spine; inner orbital angle usually not produced, but in some specimens slightly pro- duced, making the front appear sinuously triangular or, in frontal view, somewhat trilobate. Orbits rather shallow; outer orbital angle produced into a small, narrow tooth. No epibranchial spine. Carapace naked. First movable segment of antenna faintly granular, with a low crest on anterior margin; second and third faintly granular, without an- terior projections; flagellum with short, close-set hairs, many long hairs interspersed with them. Outer maxillipeds smooth or lightly punctate. Chelipeds naked, covered with small flattened granules on dorsal surface, smooth ventrally. Merus with a small granular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide, the gran- ules on its surface often a little larger than those on rest of cheliped ; _ a strong lobe occupying about proximal two-thirds of anterior margin, - "anterior and posterior margins converging to this point, subparallel in distal third; a broad, shallow longitudinal groove on dorsal. surface near posterior margin, defining a low marginal crest, the latter scarcely produced distally; anterior to this groove a faint swelling or crest, often obsolescent. Manus highest near inner side, outer edge thin but slightly rounded into a low, smooth crest extending onto pollex. Fingers blunt, curved at tips, cutting edges without teeth; dactylus a little shorter than pollex; fingers usually meeting for entire length, but in some specimens short, stubby, and gaping in one cheliped. Gape with a short, thick, fine pubescence extending nearly to tips of fingers. - 3 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 87 Walking legs finely granular. Merus unarmed, with a short fringe of plumose hairs on anterior margin, that of leg 3 inflated; carpus naked or with traces of setae, and with a longitudinal crest on dorsal surface; propodus and dactylus with tufts of setae. Variations: In some specimens the lobe on the anterior margin of the carpus is less produced than in others, but it always extends for about two-thirds the length of the margin. As noted above, occasional specimens show a tendency toward a tri- lobate front. They are not otherwise separable from those in which the inner orbital angles are not produced, and it is not proposed at this time to separate them on this basis alone. Measurements: Holotype male: length 10.2 mm, width 10.2 mm. Paratypes: males, 2.9 to 11.6 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.5 to 8.8 mm; ovigerous females, 3.8 to 8.7 mm. Color: After more than twenty years in alcohol, a few specimens show a dark blue-violet on the metabranchial regions of the carapace, ringed by a darker line of the same color; this shade of blue is also present on the eyestalks, movable segments of the antennae, walking legs, telson of the abdomen, and palps of the maxillipeds. This suggests that in life the color of Petrolisthes tonsorius may resemble that of P. violaceus (Guérin). In a few specimens there are faint traces suggest- ing blotches or stripes on the fingers. Ecology: Most of the material examined was collected under stones in the littoral. William Beebe on the Arcturus Expedition recovered it from a coral rock bottom in 2%4 fathoms, and the Velero III dredged it from a sand and shell bottom in 10 fathoms. Ovigerous females were collected in January, February, and March. Relationships: Petrolisthes tonsorius is extremely close to P. quad- ratus Benedict, 1901, a Caribbean species. P. guadratus has been recog- nized but a few times and has never been thoroughly described, and the types are apparently not extant. From the small sample available to the writer it appears that the outer orbital angle and the front are a little less produced than in P. tonsorius. There is a strong possibility, how- ever, that comparison of the two populations from adequate samples of each will show them to be conspecific. Remarks: Six specimens from Isla Hood, Galapagos Islands, were reported by Boone (1932) as Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall) ; her description and accompanying illustration identify them with the pres- 88 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 ent species. “‘Petrolisthes near cinctipes” listed by Schmitt (1939) from Isla Socorro is very probably P. tonsorius also. The name ftonsorius is a manuscript designation of Steve A. Glas- sell, who first recognized the species as new, and whose untimely death prevented his publishing its description. The scissors-like form of the chela may have suggested to Mr. Glassell this Latin name, which denotes “of, or belonging to, shearing or shaving.” Range: Mainland from Cabo San Lucas, Gulf of California, south to Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador; Revillagigedo, Cocos, and Galapagos Islands. Petrolisthes cabrilloi Glassell Plate 26, fig. 3 ?Petrolisthes rupicolus, Lockington, 1878, pp. 395, 396 (part). Not P. rupicolus (Stimpson) = P. cinctipes (Randall). ?Petrolisthes cinctipes, Holmes, 1900, p. 107 (part). Not P. cinctipes (Randall). Petrolisthes cinctipes, Baker, 1912, p. 102. Hilton, 1916, p. 72. Not P. cinctipes (Randall). Petrolisthes cabrilloa Glassell, 1945, p. 225, text-fig. 4 (type locality, Anaheim Landing, California). Petrolisthes sp., Hewatt, 1946, p. 200. Previous records: California. Morro Bay: S. A. Glassell (Glassell). Santa Cruz Island: W. G. Hewatt and W. Williams (Hewatt). Point Dume; Topanga Canyon; Sesquit Canyon: §. A. Glassell (Glassell). Malaga Cove, Palos Verdes: Olga Hartman (Glassell). Anaheim Landing: W. A. Kirk (Glassell). Corona del Mar: S. A. Glassell (Glassell). Santa Catalina Island: (Holmes) [probably this species]. La- guna Beach: (Baker). San Diego: (Holmes) [probably this spe- cies] ; P. Rich (Glassell). Baja California. Approximately to Punta Banda: (Glassell). Isla Asuncion: Fisher (Lockington) [probably this species]. Diagnosis: Carapace granular to nearly smooth; no epibranchial spine; front triangular; carpus about twice as long as wide, proximal one-fourth of anterior margin with a small lobe, margins otherwise subparallel; outer margin of manus with a thin edge; merus of walk- ing legs unarmed. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 89 Description: Carapace covered with plications and fine granules, nearly smooth in some specimens; regions distinct. Front triangular, with a deep median sulcus; no supraocular spine; inner orbital angle not produced. Outer orbital angle not produced. No epibranchial spine. Carapace naked or lightly pubescent, distinctly hairy in some speci- mens. First movable segment of antenna lightly granular, with a strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin; second and third lightly granular; flagellum variable, with hairs absent or vestigial in some specimens, rather long in others. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds finely granular. Merus with a strongly projecting gran- ular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus about twice as long as wide; a small lobe at proximal end occupying about one-fourth of anterior margin, anterior and posterior margins otherwise subparallel; a low longitudinal crest on dorsal surface, obsolescent in some specimens; granules along posterior margin enlarged and forming a low crest, end- ing distally in a sharp tooth; surface covered with short hairs. Manus usually a little smoother than carpus, lightly pubescent in young speci- mens; outer margin thin. Gape with a thick pubescence, produced into a long tuft at proximal end of fingers. Walking legs rugose; merus unarmed, that of leg 3 not inflated; merus with plumose and non-plumose hairs, other segments with tufts of setae. Material examined: See Table 25. Measurements: Males, 3.0 to 15.4 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.9 to 10.8 mm; ovigerous females, 4.8 to 11.3 mm. A-female, the largest of his series, was stated by Glassell to be 12.1 mm in length. The male holotype measures 11.4 by 11.0 mm, the ovigerous female allotype 10.1 by 10.5 mm. Color: “Ground color of carapace dull orange, with striations and numerous spots of very pale greenish white. Margins pale lavender, which becomes darker toward and including the frontal region, where it is dark dusky purple. Antennal peduncles same color as carapace, flagellum ochre with purple edges. Basal segments of maxilliped striated with dull orange and brilliant green; palp brilliant orange. Ground color of carpus green, numerous granulations reddish brown, almost obscuring ground color; hand and finger same color but slightly darker, underside of finger pale, bright, turquoise blue; undersurface of hand much lighter, with green prominent. Merus and carpus of ambulatory 90 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 legs with patterns and striations light tan to dark brown, propodus with a broad center band of yellowish tan; dactyl with center band of dark brown, tip bright purple, general appearance dark dusky green. Ven- tral side pale dull yellow with darker patterns on abdomen.” (Glassell, 1945, from notes by Petersen on a live specimen) Ecology: “Occupies the midtidal zone under shelter of rocks and is more tolerant of sand and muddy water than any of the other Cali- fornia species of this genus.” (Glassell) It may occasionally be found on wharf pilings or seeking shelter in mussel beds. Ovigerous females are recorded for February, April, May, October, and November. Remarks: Lockington’s (1878) record of Petrolisthes rupicolus from Isla Asuncién, Baja California, was probably based on material of P. cabrilloi; the same is probably true of Holmes’s (1900) records of P. cinctipes from Santa Catalina Island and San Diego, California. Baker (1912) reported P. cinctipes from Laguna Beach, a record re- peated by Hilton (1916); specimens on which this record may have been based were seen by the writer in the U. S. National Museum and identified as P. cabrillot. Glassell’s spelling cabrilloa is hereby emended to cabrilloi to con- form with the rules of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature for the formation of specific names based on modern surnames. Range: Morro Bay, California, south to Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California; Santa Cruz and Santa Catalina Islands off the Cali- fornia coast. Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall) Plate 28, fig. 3 Porcellana cinctipes Randall, 1839, p. 136 (type locality, Sandwich [ Hawaiian] Islands, in error for western America). Porcellana rupicola Stimpson, 1857a, p. 85 (type locality, coast of California) ; 1857b, p. 480, pl. 20 (not pl. 19 as stated in text), fig. 2 (type localities restricted to Farallones, San Luis Obispo, and Monterey, California). Lockington, 1874, p. 383. Boas, 1880, pp.. 127, 1964 pl. 2; he.) 62s plais, ne... 95. Petrolisthes rupicolus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 227. Lockington, 1878, pp. 395, 396 (part). Newcombe, 1893, p. 30 (part). [ Petrolisthes| cinctipes?, Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 91 Petrolisthes cinctipes, Ortmann, 1897, pp. 277, 278. Holmes, 1900, p. 107 (part). Lenz, 1901, p. 451 (part). Rathbun, 1904, p. 168. Schmitt, 1921, p. 179, pl. 32, fig. 1; text-fig. 113. Johnson and Snook, 1927, p. 351. Clemens, 1933, p. 50. MacGinitie, 1935, p. 713. Hewatt, 1935, p. 246; 1937, pp. 186, 187, 189; 1938, p. 286; 1946, pp. 193, 194, 200. Glassell, 1938a, p. 443. Ricketts and Calvin, 1939, pp. 26, 44, 126, pl. 3, fig. 1. Hart, 1940, p. 89. Light, 1954, pp. 183, 186, text-fig. 90f. Not Baker, 1912, p. 102; not Hilton, 1916, p. 72; not Boone, 1932, p. 49, text-fig. 15. Prob- ably not Calman, 1898, p. 260, nor Taylor, 1912, pp. 191, 208. Probably not Porcellana eupicola, Spence Bate, 1866, p. 277. Previous records: British Columbia. Near Rose Harbor and W side Louscoone Bay, Queen Charlotte Islands: C. M. Fraser (Hart). West coast Van- couver Island: Esperanza Inlet; Nootka Sound; Clayoquot Sound: E. G. Hart (Hart). Clayoquot Sound: C. F. Newcombe (Newcombe). California. Humboldt County: (Holmes). Tomales Bay: W. N. Lock- ington (Lockington 1878). Black Point, San Francisco Bay: (Lockington 1874). Sausalito and Richmond, San Francisco Bay: Albatross (Schmitt). San Francisco: Libecker Mus. collection (Lenz). Farallon Islands: Trowbridge (Stimpson 1857b). Elk- horn Slough, Monterey Bay: G. E. MacGinitie (MacGinitie). Pa- cific Grove: (Schmitt). Cabrillo Point, Monterey Bay: W. G. Hewatt (Hewatt 1935, 1937, 1938). Monterey: Taylor (Stimp- son 1857b). San Luis Obispo: Trowbridge (Stimpson 1857b). Santa Barbara: (Holmes). San Miguel Island; Santa Rosa Is- land: Harford (Lockington 1878). Smuggler’s Cove and Pelican Bay, Santa Cruz Island: W. G. Hewatt and W. Williams (He- watt 1946). Diagnosis: Carapace granular; no epibranchial spine; front tri- angular; carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide, anterior margin with a distinct proximal lobe, margins converging distally from its highest point; outer margin of manus with a narrow ridge; pubes- cence in gape of fingers produced into a short tuft; merus of walking legs unarmed, that of leg 3 inflated. Description: Carapace covered with fine granules, latter quite distinct in some specimens, especially anteriorly; posterolateral re- gions punctate; regions well marked. Frontal region strongly deflexed ; 92 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 front triangular, strongly produced, with a deep median sulcus; no supraocular spine; inner orbital angle not produced. Outer orbital angle only slightly produced. No epibranchial spine. Carapace naked. First movable segment of antenna with a granular, lamellar lobe on anterior margin; second roughly granular; third more or less smooth; flagellum with distinct hairs. Outer maxillipeds finely rugose. Chelipeds covered with small granules, devoid of pubescence. Merus with a strongly projecting granular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide; a strong lobe on anterior mar- gin at proximal end, anterior and posterior margins converging distally from its highest point; posterior margin rugose, the rugae forming a rough, obliquely rugose ridge along posterior margin, ending distally in a strong tooth. Outer margin of manus with a smooth, narrow ridge. Gape with a thick pubescence, produced into a short tuft near proximal end of fingers. Walking legs rugose and granular like carpus and chelipeds. Merus unarmed, naked or with traces of a short pubescence, that of leg 3 in- flated; carpus nearly devoid of hairs; propodus and dactylus covered with tufts of setae. Material examined: See TVable 26. Measurements: Males, 4.5 to 21.1 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.5 to 17.3 mm; ovigerous females, 6.0 to 18.1 mm. Stimpson (1857b) gave the length for a male from the type series of Porcellana rupicola as .85 inches (about 21 mm). Hart (1940) reported a female speci- men 24 mm in length. Color: The color in live specimens has not been recorded. Randall (1839) gave the color as reddish brown anteriorly, blue posteriorly, walking legs blue and white striped; Stimpson (1857b), for Porcellana rupicola, as dark purplish red. These color notes were probably from preserved material. Specimens in the collection of the Allan Hancock Foundation are usually a dark rust color, fading to buff in older mate- rial. Some individuals examined had traces of dark stripes on the walking legs. Ecology: This species is almost exclusively littoral; it is very com- mon among rocks, and beneath beds of mussels, sponges, and tuni- cates (Hewatt). According to Stimpson (1857b) it prefers an open shore with clear water. In British Columbia, it occurs only on the ex- posed outer coast of Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands (Hart). It is common in the high- and mid-tide horizons. In Oregon, COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 93 a juvenile specimen was recovered from a sand and mud substrate in 35 fathoms. Specimens in the Hancock Foundation series include ovigerous fe- males taken in every month except April, May, September, and Oc- tober; all of those months with the exception of September are ac- counted for in the literature. Remarks: Porcellana cinctipes was originally reported to be from the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands, an error evidently due to a con- fusion of locality data; the collector, IT. Nuttall, took specimens at var- ious points in western America as well as in the Islands. The first to recognize the identity of Porcellana rupicola with P. cinctipes was Ortmann (1897) ; all subsequent authors have followed him in citing this common species as Petrolisthes cinctipes. An early confusion developed when Lockington (1878) included specimens from Baja California and the Gulf of California under Petrolisthes rupicolus. These records were probably based on two spe- cies not yet described at that time, P. cabrilloi Glassell and P. schmitti Glassell, respectively. This erroneous extension of the range of P. cinc- tipes was cited by several subsequent writers. Extensive collecting has revealed that the species apparently ranges no further south than Santa Barbara (probably Point Conception) on the California main- land, and the northern Santa Barbara Islands, San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz; records from more southern localities can be safely disregarded. Most early British Columbia and Washington records of Petro- listhes cinctipes are probably based on P. eriomerus Stimpson, for there are no recent records of P. cinctipes from the east coast of Van- couver Island or from Puget Sound (Hart, 1940 and personal com- munication). These old records, which include Strait of Georgia, Bay- nes Sound, and Victoria (Newcombe, 1893), Nanaimo and Hope Is- land (Taylor, 1912), Esquimault Harbor (Spence Bate, 1866), Bare Island (Lenz, 1901), and Puget Sound (Calman, 1898), are tentatively listed in this report under P. eriomerus. Not only was Porcellana cinctipes erroneously attributed to the Hawaiian Islands, but it found its way inadvertently, as Porcellana rupicola, into the fauna of New Zealand. Kirk (1878, p. 466) listed it from Lyall Bay, Wellington, New Zealand. The following year (1879, p. 396) he reported further on the specimen on which this record was based, writing as follows: “A single specimen of this species was re- cently obtained by myself at Lyall Bay, living apparently upon terms 94. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 of intimacy with a large family of Petrolisthes elongatus. Upon a com- parison with the foreign Crustacea in the Colonial Museum, I find it to agree in every particular with a specimen contained in the collec- tion lately received from Prof. Button of the University of California, and labelled as above.” Kirk’s record was later repeated by ‘Thomson (1899, p. 190) and Bennett (1930, p. 255). Prof. L. R. Richardson, Victoria University College, Wellington, believes (personal communi- cation) that Kirk somehow confused his collections, getting one of the P. rupicola received from Prof. Button mixed in with the specimens of Petrolisthes elongatus from Lyall Bay. Range: Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, south to Santa Barbara (probably Point Conception), California; San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz Islands off the California coast. Petrolisthes granulosus (Guérin) Plate 28, fig. 1 Porcellana granulosa Guérin, 1835, p. 115 (type locality, Chile) ; 1838b, p. 7, pl. VII 25, fig. 1 (type locality restricted to Paita [now Peru]); 1839, p. 175, pl. 51, fig. 1. H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844, p. 34. Nicolet, 1849, p. 197. Dana, 1852, p. 416; 1855, pl. 26, fig. 7. Kinahan, 1857, p. 345. Porcellana striata H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 250 (type locality, shores of Chile; apparently based on types of P. granulosa). De Haan, 1849, pl. Q. [ Petrolisthes| granulosa?, Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Petrolisthes validus, Cano, 1889, p. 100, p. 257 (part). Not P. validus (Dana) = P. laevigatus (Guérin). Petrolisthes granulosus, Ortmann, 1892, p. 260. Petrolisthes laevigatus, Ortmann, 1897, p. 278 (part). Haig, 1955, p. 45 (part). Not P. daevigatus (Guérin). Petrolisthes (?) laevigatus, Rathbun, 1910, p. 600 (part). Not P. laevigatus (Guérin). Not Petrolisthes granulosa, Boone, 1938, p. 273, pl. 108. Previous records: Peru. Paita: Favorite (Guérin 1838b). Ancén: Reiss (Ortmann 1892). Callao: Vettor Pisani (Cano). Off North Chincha Island, Islas de Chincha: J. R. Kinahan (Kinahan). Chile. “Chile’: (Guérin 1835); G. Schneider (Ortmann 1892). Iquique: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Antofagasta; Taltal: COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 95 R. Paessler (Haig). Peninsula de Coquimbo; Bahia Herradura de Guayacan; Montemar: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Val- paraiso: (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas); U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana). Bahia de San Vicente: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace with distinct, transversely elongate granules, very strongly convex front to back; no epibranchial spine; front tri- angular; carpus one and a half to a little less than two times as long as wide, anterior margin slightly produced into a lobe at proximal end, margins slightly converging distally from this point; outer margin of manus with a thin, smooth ridge; merus of walking legs unarmed, that of leg 3 somewhat inflated. Description: Carapace very strongly convex front to back, covered with distinct granulations and plications, the granules somewhat elon- gate transversely on some specimens, obsolescent on center area. Front broadly triangular, median groove usually deep; no supraocular spine; inner orbital angle not produced, or very slightly produced. Outer orbital angle produced into a strong tooth. No epibranchial spine. Cara- pace naked or with a faint pubescence on anterior regions. First movable segment of antenna with a narrow lamellar projec- tion on anterior margin; second and third lightly granular; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Chelipeds granular, sometimes quite strongly so, many of the gran- ules slightly elongate as in carapace; devoid of hairs. Merus with a small, strongly projecting, rugose lobe on anterior margin. Carpus one and a half to less than two times as long as wide; anterior margin slightly produced at proximal end, anterior and posterior margins only slightly converging distally from this point ; posterior margin with a low, obliquely rugose ridge ending distally in a small tooth. Outer margin of manus with a smooth, narrow ridge. Gape of fingers with a short pubescence, not produced into a tuft. Walking legs rugose or roughly granular. Merus unarmed, anterior margin with a fringe of plumose hairs, that of leg 3 somewhat dilated distally; carpus, propodus and dactylus thickly covered with plumose and non-plumose hairs. Material examined: See Table 27. Measurements: Males, 6.1 to 14.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.5 to 9.0 mm; ovigerous females, 5.0 to 12.5 mm. Measurements were not recorded for the types of either Porcellana granulosa or of P. striata. Nicolet (1849) gave the size as 11 lines (about 20.9 mm), which is 96 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 considerably larger than any specimens seen by the writer and is per- haps an error. Color: Dark brownish or bluish black, somewhat lined transversely. (Dana) Reddish-brown, waved and mottled with darker red; paler beneath ; tips of maxillipeds bluish-purple. (Kinahan) Ecology: This species usually occurs under stones in the intertidal zone. Kinahan (1857) reported it from a gravelly bottom at a depth of 10 fathoms. Ovigerous females were taken in January and February by the Velero III, in April or May by the Hassler, and in June and September by the Lund University Chile Expedition. Remarks: Guérin (1835) briefly characterized Porcellana granu- losa and P. laevigata from Chile. The only distinction made by him in this and subsequent papers was in the degree of roughness of the carapace, chelipeds, and walking legs, which were said to be granulose in P. granulosa and smooth in P. laevigata. Guérin’s (1838b)_ restric- tion of the type locality of P. granulosa to Paita, Peru, makes it clear that he was dealing with the present species, for the following form does not occur north of central Chile. Since no type locality more specific than “Chile” was given for P. laevigata, the identity of that species cannot be established on a geographical basis. The possibility that Guérin might have applied the name to smooth examples of the present species can be ruled out, however; three dry specimens from the Guérin collection labelled ‘‘Porcellana laevigata’ and housed in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia confirm its identity with the fol- lowing form. One of these specimens is labelled ‘“Iype”’ and the other two “Type” with a query. Ortmann (1892) reported several crabs from Golfo de Ancon, Ecuador, among them Petrolisthes granulosus. He later (1897, pp. 279, 296) corrected this locality to Ancén, Peru. On the basis of the 1892 work Rathbun (1910) included Ecuador in the distribution of Petro- listhes (2) laevigatus (= that species plus P. granulosus). Ortmann (1897) included Porcellana granulosa and P. striata in the synonymy of Petrolisthes laevigatus. The present writer followed Ortmann, in reporting material in the Hamburg Museum and collected by the Lund University Chile Expedition (Haig, 1955). However, after examination of types and other material, and re-evaluation of char- acters in the light of closely related species, it became evident that Petrolisthes granulosus and P. laevigatus are distinct and valid forms. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 97 The Lund University Chile Expedition specimens were seen again by the writer, and those in the Hamburg Museum were examined by Dr. A. Panning. On the basis of these re-examinations a part of the ma- terial previously recorded as P. Jaevigatus is here transferred to the present species. It now appears that Petrolisthes granulosus finds its southern limit at about 36° 40’ S, and P. Jaevigatus its northern limit at about 30° S; the intervening territory is an overlap area in which the two species sometimes occur together. Specimens of Petrolisthes granulosus collected by the Hassler at Islas Juan Fernandez are the first porcellanids to be reported from those islands. Range: Paita, Peru, south to Bahia de San Vicente, Chile; Islas Juan Fernandez. Petrolisthes laevigatus (Guérin) Plate 28, fig. 2 Porcellana laevigata Guérin, 1835, p. 115 (type locality, Chile) ; 1838b, p. 6; 1839, p. 174. H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844, p. 34. Nicolet, 1849, p. 195. Porcellana valida Dana, 1852, p. 415; 1855, pl. 26, figs. 5a-b (type locality, ?Valparaiso, Chile). Cunningham, 1871, p. 495. Petrolisthes validus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 227. Henderson, 1888, p. 105. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 99, 257 (part; not Callao record). Murray, 1895, pp. 1120, 1166. [ Petrolisthes | laevigata?, Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Petrolisthes laevigatus, Ortmann, 1897, p. 277, p. 278 (part). Porter, 1936b, p. 153; 1936c, p. 339. Haig, 1955, pp. 42, 45 (part). Petrolisthes (?) laevigatus, Rathbun, 1910, p. 600 (part). Petrolisthes granulosa, Boone, 1938, p. 273, pl. 108 (not all synonymy). Not P. granulosus (Guérin). Previous records: Chile. “Chile”: Favorite (Guérin). Peninsula de Coquimbo: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Valparaiso: (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas); Challenger (Henderson). ?Valparaiso: U.S. Expl. Exped. (Dana). San Antonio: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Bahia de Talcahuano: (Nicolet). Bahia de San Vicente; Golfo de Arauco: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Lota: Nassau (Cunningham). Seno Reloncavi; Estero Reloncavi; Canal Chacao; Golfo de Ancud; Golfo de Quetalmahué; Bahia de Ancud: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. 98 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS - VOL. 24 (Haig). Chiloé: Vettor Pisani (Cano). Ancud, Isla Chiloé: Nassau (Cunningham). Isla Clotilde, Archipiélago de Chiloé: 4/va (Boone). Chonos: Vettor Pisani (Cano). Archipiélago de Los Chonos: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Canal Messier: Challenger (Henderson). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, very strongly convex front to back; no epibranchial spine; front triangular; carpus one and a half to a little less than two times as long as wide, anterior margin with a strong proximal lobe, margins converging distally from its highest point; outer margin of manus with a sharp crest, outer half of dorsal surface with a short pubescence; merus of walking legs unarmed, that of leg 3 somewhat inflated. Description: Carapace very strongly convex front to back, nearly smooth or with very fine granules anteriorly, granules not transversely elongate as in Petrolisthes granulosus; posterolateral regions with light plications. Front triangular, strongly produced, with a shallow median sulcus; no supraocular spine; inner orbital angle not produced. Orbits shallowly concave; outer orbital angle produced into a narrow, distinct tooth. No epibranchial spine. Carapace naked or with traces of a fine pubescence anteriorly. First movable segment of antenna granular, with a narrow lamellar projection on anterior margin; second and third granular; flagellum with long hairs. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose or punctate. Chelipeds covered with small granules, appearing nearly smooth. Merus with a strongly projecting granular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus one and a half to less than two times as long as wide, lightly pubescent; a strong lobe at proximal end of anterior margin, anterior and posterior margins converging distally from its highest point; pos- terior margin with a low, obliquely rugose ridge ending distally in a small tooth. Outer half of dorsal surface of manus with a short, thick pubescence, continuing for a short distance onto pollex; outer margin with a smooth, sharp crest. Gape of fingers with a short pubescence, not produced into a tuft. Walking legs nearly smooth to lightly granular. Merus unarmed, with a short fringe of plumose hairs on anterior margin, that of leg 3 somewhat inflated. Carpus, propodus, and dactylus with scattered short tufts of setae. Material examined: See Table 28. Measurements: Males, 5.1 to 23.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 7.6 to 17.6 mm; ovigerous females, 8.8 to 16.7 mm. All these measurements COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 99 are from Lund University Chile Expedition specimens, previously ex- amined by the writer. A type specimen of Porcellana laevigata, Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Cat. No. 648, measures 17.6 mm in length. Color: Dark brown with interrupted lines of brown and yellow. (Dana) Reddish. (Nicolet) Specimens examined were light red or pur- ple. Ecology: The species occurs among and under stones in the in- tertidal zone; specimens were encountered at all tide levels by the Lund University Chile Expedition. Murray (1895) reported it as Petrolisthes validus from fresh water in Canal Messier. Specimens collected by the Lund University Chile Expedition at Canal Moraleda were from “boul- ders with fresh water running between them.” Ovigerous females have been reported in January, April, June, and November. Remarks: Nicolet (1849) evidently recognized Petrolisthes laevi- gatus as a more southern form than P. granulosus, for he mentioned that it occurs in the southern provinces of Chile; however, he gave no distinguishing characters other than those cited by Gueérin. Dana (1852) characterized P. laevigatus adequately for the first time, as Porcellana valida, new species. He noted the rostrum without strong median groove, the hairy antennae, and the hairs on the outer half of the dorsal surface of the manus, all of which distinguish it from Petro- listhes granulosus. Cano’s (1889) record of Petrolisthes validus from Callao, Peru, is believed to be based on P. granulosus because Callao is well outside the range of the present species. By the same reasoning, Boone’s (1938) Petrolisthes granulosa from Archipiélago de Chiloé is here referred to P. laevigatus. Range: Restricted to southern Chile, from Peninsula de Coquimbo south to Canal Messier. Petrolisthes violaceus (Guérin) Plate 28, fig. 4 Porcellana violacea Guérin, 1831, pl. 3, figs. 2, 2A; 1835, p. 115 (type locality, Chile) ; 1838a, p. 33 (type locality restricted to peninsula of Talcaguana [Talcahuano]) ; 1838b, p. 6, pl. VII 25, fig. 2; 1839, p. 174, pl. 51, fig. 2. H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 250. H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844, p. 34. White, 1847, p. 62. Nicolet, 1849, p. 196.. Dana, 1852, p. 416; 1855, pl. 26, figs. 6a-b. Kinahan, 1857, p. 346. 100 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Porcellana macrocheles, Poeppig, 1836, p. 142, pl. 4, fig. 1 (type local- ity, Bahia de San Vicente, Chile). Petrolisthes violaceus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 227. Targioni-Tozzetti, 1872a, p. 398; 1872b, p. 470; 1877, p. 219, pl. 13, figs. 2, 2a-h. Henderson, 1888, p. 105. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 99, 100, 257. Ort- mann, 1892, p. 259; 1897, p. 277. Murray, 1895, p. 1120. Lenz, 1902, p. 745. Porter; 1903, p. 150; 1906, p. 132; 1917. paar 1925, p. 320; 1936b, p. 153; 1936c, p. 339; 1940a, p. 147; 1940b, p. 313; 1941, p. 460. Rathbun, 1910, p. 599. Doflein and Balss, 1912, p. 34. Haig, 1955, pp. 42, 44. Previous records: Peru. Callao: J. R. Kinahan (Kinahan) ; Vettor Pisani (Cano). San Lorenzo; Ancén: Vettor Pisani (Cano). Islas de Chincha: J. R. Kinahan (Kinahan). Middle Chincha Island: J. Steevens (Kina- han). Chile. “Chile”: (Guérin 1835) ; (H. Milne Edwards) ; (H. Milne Ed- wards and Lucas) ; T. Bell (White) ; Ackermann (Ortmann 1892). Iquique: J. Bermudez (Porter 1903). Cavancha: L. H. Plate (Lenz). Province of Antofagasta: J. Herrera (Porter 1940a). Bahia de Taltal: A. Capdeville (Porter 1925). Caldera: E. Gi- goux (Porter 1940a). Peninsula Coquimbo: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Coquimbo: F. T. Delfin (Porter 1903). Bahia Herradura de Guayacan: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Herra- dura: F. T. Delfin (Porter 1903). Los Vilos: J. N. Thomas (Porter 1906). Bahia de Valparaiso: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana). Valparaiso: Magenta (Targioni-Tozzetti) ; Challenger (Hender- son) ; Vettor Pisani (Cano) ; Guérin collection (Ortmann 1897). San Antonio: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Province of Concepcion: (Nicolet). Tumbes: L. H. Plate (Lenz). Talcahuano: Coquille (Guérin 1838a); L. H. Plate (Lenz); F. T. Delfin (Porter 1903). Bahia de San Vicente: E. Poeppig (Poeppig) ; Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Puerto Montt; Isla Tenglo: F. Lau (Doflein and Balss). Chiloé; Chonos: Vettor Pisani (Cano). Taitao: Mus. Nac. Chile Exped. (Porter 1917). Diagnosis: Carapace smooth, very strongly convex front to back; no epibranchial spine; front broadly triangular; orbits without a con- cavity, forming a nearly straight line with front to outer orbital angle; carpus one and a half to less than two times as long as wide, anterior margin with a proximal lobe, margins converging distally from its COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 101 highest point; outer margin of manus with a thick crest; merus of walking legs unarmed, that of leg 3 inflated. Description: Carapace smooth or lightly punctate, regions not dis- tinct; very strongly convex front to back, especially strongly deflexed in front of epibranchial region. Front broadly triangular, without me- dian groove or sulcus; orbits straight, without a concavity, forming a nearly straight line with front to outer orbital angle, the latter not pro- duced. No epibranchial spine. Carapace naked, front sometimes faintly pubescent. Movable segments of antenna roughened, without projections; fla- gellum thick, naked or with very short hairs. Outer maxillipeds smooth or punctate. Chelipeds smooth or lightly granular, faintly pubescent. Merus with a strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin. Carpus one and a half to less than two times as long as wide; a lobe at proximal end of anterior margin, anterior and posterior margins converging distally from its highest point; posterior margin with a smooth crest, ending distally in a small tooth. Outer margin of manus with a thick, smooth crest. Gape of fingers devoid of pubescence. Walking legs smooth or punctate; merus unarmed, that of leg 3 inflated at distal end; propodus and dactylus with short tufts of setae. Material examined: See Table 29. Measurements: Males, 6.6 to 25.8 mm; non-ovigerous females, 6.2 to 22.9 mm; ovigerous females, 6.7 to 20.3 mm. In the type description, Guérin (1838a) stated “largest specimens nearly 2.5 dm.” This was undoubtedly a misprint for ‘cm’, for 2.5 cm or 25 mm is close to the largest size actually attained by the species. H. Milne Edwards’ “about one pouce” (= ca. 27 mm) was probably based on some of Guérin’s type series. Color: Ground color of carapace light caerulean blue overcast with a light jade green on frontal, gastric and cardiac areas. Blue shows brightly in several places, especially on cardiac region. Lateral areas light blue striated with bluish white. Margin of carapace grena- dine red. Intestinal a tone lighter. Eyestalk brown and eye dark green. Antenna light pansy purple. Chela lavender overcast with dark green. Merus of ambulatory legs caerulean blue, grenadine red near articula- tion with carpus. Carpus caerulean blue. Propodus and dactyl light orange buff broadly striped with dark brown. Abdomen caerulean 102 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 blue, segments margined with grenadine red. Ventral side light caeru- lean blue. (Petersen, of a live specimen from Peru) Purple patches irregularly arranged on a yellowish-red ground. Chelipeds purple, the segments and borders of the fingers and hands edged with a narrow salmon-red border. Walking legs prettily banded with purple and yellowish-red; under parts much lighter in color. (Kinahan, of a specimen preserved but a few years) After long preservation in alcohol, many specimens retain a brown- ish-red color on the carapace and distinct stripes on the propodus and dactylus of the walking legs. Some retain a deep blue or violet color on the metabranchial regions, even when all other color has entirely disappeared. Ecology: This species is apparently restricted to an under-rock habitat in the intertidal zone, where it is one of the commonest crusta- cean species of the Peruvian faunal province. Ovigerous females are reported for December, January, February, and June.. Remarks: Among the dry collection in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia is a specimen of Petrolisthes violaceus which, according to the label, is questionably a type and was collected by the Coquille at Valparaiso. Talcahuano was the only locality men- tioned by Gueérin for this species from the Coquille collection. Two dry specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia are labelled “Galapagos Islands,” as previously noted by Ort- mann (1897). This locality is in all probability in error, for the spe- cles is not otherwise known from the Galapagos archipelago. Range: Callao, Peru, south to Taitao, Chile. Petrolisthes holotrichus Nobili Plate 29, fig. 4 Petrolisthes holotrichus Nobili, 1901b, p. 14 (type locality, Isla Fla- menco, Panama). Rathbun, 1910, p. 599. Haig, 1957b, p. 8. Previous records: Panama. Isla Flamenco: E. Festa (Nobili). Isla Pacheca, Islas de las Perlas: Askoy (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, it and rest of body com- pletely covered with a short, fine tomentum; no epibranchial spine; front trilobate; carpus less than twice as long as wide, anterior margin with a strong proximal lobe, margins converging distally from its highest point; outer margin of manus with a thin edge, and with to- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 103 mentum produced into a long fringe; all segments of walking legs with a long fringe of hairs on anterior margin, merus unarmed, that of leg 3 somewhat inflated. Description: Carapace nearly smooth, regions not distinct. Front trilobate, the lobes rounded, about equal in breadth, lateral lobes di- verging from median lobe, latter more advanced and with a distinct median groove. Outer orbital angle produced into a spine-tipped tooth. No epibranchial spine. Carapace completely covered with a short, fine tomentum, as are the side walls of the carapace, eyestalks, movable segments of antennae (except flagella), dorsal surface of chelipeds and walking legs, and abdomen (except telson). First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting, lamel- lar lobe on anterior margin; second and third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds finely granular, nearly smooth. Merus with a strongly projecting, broad, pointed tooth on anterior margin. Carpus less than twice as long as wide, anterior margin with a strong proximal lobe, anterior and posterior margins converging distally from its highest point; posterodistal angle produced into a small spine. Manus with a thin outer margin; surface near outer margin with a series of three to six small, low, wide-set, rounded tubercles; on outer margin of manus and pollex a fringe of long plumose hairs, long non-plumose setae inter- spersed with them. Fingers long and slender; gape with a short to- mentum and a few long scattered setae; a few long setae on inner ven- tral surface of manus and on ventral surface of dactylus. Walking legs nearly smooth; merus unarmed, that of leg 3 some- what inflated; tomentum produced into a long fringe on both margins of all segments. Material examined: See Yable 30. Measurements: Males, 2.8 to 5.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.3 to 3.8 mm; ovigerous females, 4.0 to 5.4 mm. Nobili recorded one of the syntypes as 5.25 by 5.25 mm. One of the male syntypes examined by the writer was larger than this, measuring 6.3 mm in length. Color: According to Nobili, who studied the type series only a few years after its collection, the color was reddish-rose, the tubercles near the outer margin of the manus reddish-purple. The two syntypes examined by the present writer had lost all their color; the same was true of all other specimens of Petrolisthes holotrichus examined. 104 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Ecology: All Hancock Foundation material was taken under rocks in the littoral. Ovigerous females were taken in January, February, and March. Remarks: Until recently, the species was known only from the three type specimens collected by Enrico Festa at Isla Flamenco, Panama, and reported by Nobili. Haig (1957b) reported one additional speci- men from Isla Pacheca, Islas de las Perlas, taken by the Askoy Ex- pedition in 1941. Specimens collected in 1934 and 1935 by the Velero III, and in 1937 by Woodbridge Williams, show that it is distributed throughout a large part of the Panamic Province. Range: Bahia de Salinas, Costa Rica, south to La Libertad, Ecuador. Petrolisthes schmitti Glassell Plate 29, fig. 1 ?Petrolisthes rupicolus, Lockington, 1878, pp. 395, 396 (part). Not P. rupicolus (Stimpson) = P. cinctipes (Randall). Petrolisthes schmitti Glassell, 1936, p. 280 (type locality, San Fe- lipe, Gulf of California) ; 1938a, p. 444. Previous records: Gulf of California. San Felipe: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Bahia de las Animas; Puerto Escondido: Fisher (Lockington) [probably this species]. Diagnosis: Carapace finely granular, regions distinct; no epibran- chial spine; front sinuously triangular; carpus less than twice as long as wide, anterior margin with enlarged granules or spinules, margins slightly converging distally ; manus somewhat swollen on dorsal surface, outer margin with a crest defined by a distinct groove; merus of walk- ing legs unarmed. Description: Carapace finely and evenly granular, regions distinct. Front sinuously triangular, with a deep median groove extending to be- tween protogastric lobes; no supraocular spine; inner orbital angle pro- duced into a small, narrow, rounded lobe, sometimes quite strongly projecting. Outer orbital angle only slightly produced. No epibran- chial spine. Carapace lightly pubescent. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting, gran- ular lobe on anterior margin; second and third roughly granular; fla- gellum with vestigial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds covered with small, rough granules, naked or with a fine pubescence. Merus with a strongly projecting, distally directed, pointed COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 105 lobe on anterior margin. Carpus less than twice as long as wide; mar- gins slightly converging distally; proximal third to two-thirds of ante- rior margin with enlarged, rough granules taking the form of spinules in small specimens, giving margin an irregularly serrate appearance; a low longitudinal crest along anterior third of dorsal surface, another along center, and a third along posterior margin, these crests obsoles- cent in some specimens; posterior crest rough, formed of oblique flat- tened granules, ending distally in a small sharp tooth. Upper surface of manus somewhat swollen, swollen portion covered with scattered large granules; outer margin with a smooth crest, defined by a distinct, broad groove near outer margin and extending onto pollex. Gape with a short thick tuft of pubescence, sometimes extending nearly to tips of fingers, longer near their proximal end. Walking legs rugose; merus not inflated, not armed with spines, an- terior margin with a fringe of short plumose hairs, surface and pos- terior margin covered with non-plumose setae; other segments covered with long setae. Material examined: See Table 31. Measurements: Males, 3.3 to 5.7 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.9 to 5.7 mm; ovigerous females, 4.0 to ca. 6.0 mm. The ovigerous female holotype measures 4.7 mm in length, 4.7 mm in breadth. Color: The color in alcohol, according to Glassell (1936), was red-brown mottled with white. A similar coloration was noted in Allan Hancock Foundation specimens collected in 1954. Ecology: The type series was taken “at low water from under rocks”; all the Hancock Foundation material was collected in the in- tertidal zone under stones. Ovigerous females were recovered in April and June. Remarks: Specimens collected by Fisher at Puerto Escondido and Bahia de las Animas and referred by Lockington (1878) to Petrolisthes rupicolus (Stimpson) [= P. cinctipes (Randall) ] were probably P. schmitti, the only Gulf of California species which might be confused with it. Extensive intertidal collecting from the Velero III failed to re- cover Petrolisthes schmitti anywhere in quantity. On the other hand, a Hancock Foundation field party found it to be the most abundant porcellanid at San Felipe, the type locality. Range: Gulf of California, from San Felipe south to Isla San Francisco. 106 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Petrolisthes brachycarpus Sivertsen Plate 29, fig. 2 Petrolistes gracilis var. brachycarpus Sivertsen, 1933, p. 8, pl. 3, fig. 30 (type locality, Post Office Bay, Isla Floreana [Charles], Galapagos Islands). Not Petrolisthes gracilis Stimpson. Previous records: Galapagos Islands. Post Office Bay, Isla Charles: A. Wollebaek on Norwegian Zool. Exped. to the Galapa- gos Islands 1925 (Sivertsen). Diagnosis: Carapace with low, enlarged, rough granules posterior to cervical groove, nearly smooth anteriorly, regions distinct; no epi- branchial spine; front broad, sinuously triangular to trilobate; carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide, anterior margin with a few enlarged granules or spinules, margins slightly converging distally ; manus swoolen on dorsal surface, outer margin with a sharp crest not defined by a distinct groove; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace covered with low, enlarged, rough gran- ules posterior to cervical groove; hepatic, frontal, and gastric regions nearly smooth; regions distinct. Front broad, sinuously triangular, inner orbital angles produced, sometimes quite distinctly, giving front a trilobate appearance; median portion broad, produced, triangular with rounded tip, and with a deep median groove. Outer orbital angle pro- duced into a small sharp tooth. No epibranchial spine. Carapace cov- ered with a short, sparse pubescence. First movable segment of antenna with a projecting lamellar lobe on anterior margin; second and third nearly smooth; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxil- lipeds lightly rugose. Merus of chelipeds lightly rugose, with a strongly projecting, ru- gose, rounded lobe on anterior margin. Carpus one and a half to two times as long as wide; anterior and posterior margins very slightly converging distally; anterior margin with a few enlarged granules near proximal end, produced into spinules in smaller specimens; a distinct longitudinal crest about center of dorsal surface, and a second strongly, obliquely rugose crest along posterior margin, ending distally in a small incurving spine; between these crests a distinct, broad groove covered with small rough granules; in addition, a faint crest sometimes pres- ent near anterior margin; surface with traces of pubescence. Manus rather swollen, highest on inner side, sloping gradually to outer mar- gin, latter bearing a distinct, sharp crest extending onto pollex ; surface COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 107 finely granular, with traces of pubescence, latter thicker along outer margin where it extends onto ventral surface. Fingers finely granular as in manus; gape with a thick tuft of pubescence. Walking legs finely granular or punctate. Merus not .armed with spines, that of leg 3 not inflated; carpus with.a low longitudinal crest on dorsal surface; all segments with scattered long setae. Material examined: See Fable 32. Measurements: Males, 2.0 to 5.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.3 to 6.0 mm; ovigerous females, 2.9 to 6.0 mm. An ovigerous female from the type series was reported to be 5.0 mm in length, 4.5 mm in breadth. Color: No color or trace of a pattern remained on any of the speci- mens examined. A note in the container with specimens from Velero III station 24-33 stated: “Some selected specimens with color notes in separate vials.’ This material was not located; the specimens with color notes may have been other crustacean species from the same sta- tion. Ecology: Velero III collectors took this species in the intertidal zone under stones in all but three instances. It was twice found associ- ated with coral, and once dredged from a sand bottom in 4-10 fathoms. Ovigerous females have been collected in every month from De- cember through March, and in September. .. Remarks: Through the courtesy of Nils Knaben, Universitetets Zoologisk Museum, Oslo, the writer was able to examine most of the type series. Petrolisthes brachycarpus is a valid species, more closely related to P. schmitti Glassell and P. platymerus, new spe- cies, than to P. gracilis Stimpson. It occurs throughout the Galapagos Archipelago. With the exception of three specimens taken at Bahia Honda, Panama, the species is known only from the Galapagos Islands. In view of the lack of additional material from among extensive mainland collections, it is believed that the Bahia Honda record is probably due either to an error in recording the locality or to accidental intro- duction. Range; Galapagos Islands. Extralimital: Bahia Honda, Panama. 108 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Petrolisthes platymerus, new species Plate 4; plate 29, fig. 3 Petrolisthes eriomerus, Boone, 1931, p. 154 (part). Not P. erio- merus Stimpson. Previous records: Panama. Isla Taboguilla: W. G. Van Name (Boone). Types: Holotype, male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102405, from Port Parker, Costa Rica, shore; February 9, 1935; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1935 at Velero III sta- tion 466-35. Paratypes: same data as holotype, three males, three fe- males (two ovigerous), one young (U. S. National Museum) ; two males, three ovigerous females (Allan Hancock Foundation). Para- type: north shore of Isla Taboguilla, Panama, shore; March 4 or 5, 1926; collected by W. G. Van Name and Mrs. S. E. Brewster; one female (American Museum of Natural History Cat. No. 6197). Diagnosis: Carapace rough and uneven, regions distinct and de- fined by deep grooves; no epibranchial spine; front broad, sinuously triangular; carpus one and a half to nearly two times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed, margins subparallel or very slightly converg- ing distally; manus somewhat swollen on dorsal surface, outer margin with a sharp crest defined by a distinct groove; merus of walking legs unarmed, that of leg 3 broad, inflated. Description: Carapace rough, uneven, the regions distinct, those on anterior half of carapace especially well defined by deep, broad grooves; lateral areas posterior to cervical groove with small scattered tubercles. Front broad, sinuously triangular, inner orbital angle somewhat pro- duced; no supraocular spine; a deep median sulcus extending between protogastric lobes. Orbits deep, angular, outer orbital angle produced into a strong, narrow tooth. No epibranchial spine. Carapace covered with a short, sparse pubescence. First movable segment of antenna with a low lamellar lobe on an- terior margin; second granular, slightly produced at proximal and dis- tal ends of anterior margin; third nearly smooth; flagellum with vesti- gial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Merus of chelipeds covered with small rough granules, anterior margin with a small lobe. Carpus one and a half to slightly under two times as long as wide; a distinct longitudinal crest about the center of dorsal surface, and an obliquely rugose crest along posterior margin, COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 109 ending distally in a small incurving spine, between these crests a dis- tinct broad groove; surface covered with scattered large rounded gran- ules or small tubercles; margins subparallel or very slightly converging distally, anterior margin unarmed; surface with traces of pubescence. ‘Manus rather swollen, highest on inner side, sloping gradually to outer margin, latter bearing a distinct sharp crest extending onto pollex, this crest defined by a strong groove near outer margin; surface with scat- tered small granules, a row of about eight larger rounded granules or small tubercles forming an even longitudinal row at about center; sur- face with traces of pubescence, thicker and a little longer along outer margin and extending onto ventral surface, there forming a short pile in a narrow band along margin. Fingers finely granular; gape with a thick pubescence produced on proximal half of fingers into a short tuft. Ventral surface of all segments smooth. Walking legs short, granular, covered with plumose and non-plu- mose hairs; merus not armed with spines, that of leg 3 inflated, nearly as broad as long. Abdomen smooth, covered with a short, thick pubescence. Measurements: Holotype male: length 5.2 mm, width 5.2 mm. Paratypes: males, 2.5 to 4.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.3 and 4.5 mm; ovigerous females, 3.5 to 4.9 mm. Color: All traces of color had disappeared in the examined ma- terial. Ecology: All the known material, consisting of 14 specimens from two stations, was collected in the littoral under stones. Included were ovigerous females taken at Port Parker, Costa Rica, in February. Relationships: Petrolisthes platymerus is most closely related to P. schmitti Glassell and P. brachycarpus Sivertsen. All are small spe- cies with pubescent carapace, sinuously triangular to trilobate front, manus with dorsal surface swollen and outer margin crested, and gape of fingers with a thick tuft of pubescence. P. platymerus differs from the other two in having the entire carapace rough and uneven, and the merus of walking leg 3 short and broad. It is somewhat less closely related to P. holotrichus Nobili, which has a nearly smooth carapace, no swelling or outer crest on the manus, and no tuft in the gape of the fingers, and is tomentose over its entire surface. Remarks: One of the specimens from Isla Taboguilla, Panama, reported by Boone (1931) as Petrolisthes eriomerus Stimpson, proved to belong to this species. 110 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 The specific name, from the Greek zAazus, broad, and pnpos, thigh, refers to the broad, inflated merus of walking leg 3. Range: Known only from the two localities listed above, Port Parker, Costa Rica, and Isla Taboguilla, Panama. Petrolisthes crenulatus Lockington Plate 23, fig. 4 Petrolisthes crenulatus Lockington, 1878, pp. 395, 398 (type locality, Puerto Escondido, Gulf of California). Glassell, 1936, p. 286; 1937, p. 80; 1938a, p. 444. Previous records: Gulf of California. Puerto Escondido: (Lock- ington) ; S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936, 1937). Off Arena Bank: W. Beebe on Zaca (Glassell 1937). Diagnosis: Carapace plicate, rather rough and granular along lat- eral margins, anterior regions and grooves strongly accentuated; no epibranchial spine; front trilobate; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, covered with long hairs, proximal half of anterior margin with three or four blunt, wide-set teeth; manus not swollen, without a heavy crest on outer margin; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace covered with short plications, becoming rough and granular on lateral margins; protogastric and hepatic lobes, and the grooves defining them, strongly accentuated and elevated above frontal region, the latter strongly deflexed. Front trilobate, median lobe broadly triangular and projecting only slightly beyond lateral lobes. Outer orbital angle produced into a very small tooth. No epibranchial spine. Frontal and posterolateral regions bearing long plumose hairs, indistinct in young specimens. First and second movable segments of antenna somewhat roughened by granules; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds faintly rugose. Merus of chelipeds smooth, armed on anterior margin with a low, finely granular lobe; covered with long plumose hairs. Carpus about one and a half (1.4 to 1.7) times as long as wide, with three or four blunt, wide-set teeth on proximal half of anterior margin, proximal tooth usually smallest; surface covered with granules, rough and pro- jecting along posterior margin; a median longitudinal crest of raised granules, it and posterior crest defined by a broad groove; groove and dorsal crest usually obscured by the long, plumose hairs covering the COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE nil carpus. Manus without a dorsal swelling, outer margin thin; covered with fine granules, and proximal outer portion covered with long plu- mose hairs. Fingers covered with fine granules; gape with a short, thick pubescence, not produced into a tuft. Walking legs smooth or punctate, covered with long, scattered non- plumose setae and fringed with plumose hairs. Merus unarmed, that of leg 3 not inflated. Material examined: See Table 33. Measurements: Males, 2.8 to 13.4 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.9 to 14.5 mm; ovigerous females, 5.6 to 7.9 mm. The type was re- ported to measure 10 by 10 mm. Color: Ground color of carapace white. Dark tawny on front be- coming lighter on branchial areas. Eyestalk white with a little color under eye. Eye bright green. Antennae very pale russet. Chela white with ochraceous tawny on merus and two blotches on carpus. Fingers light russet with reddish purple tint. Tip of fixed finger white. Och- raceous tawny on fifth leg, and lightly on ambulatory legs and dactyl. Dactyl of walking legs white with blackish brown tip. Ventral side white. (Petersen, of a live specimen from Isla Isabel, Mexico) Many preserved specimens show a distinct orange color on the fingers. Ecology: The species was dredged once by the Velero III off Isla Isabel, Mexico, in 10-15 fathoms, along with corallines and gor- gonids. On another occasion it was cracked from coral heads taken in 1 fathom at Isla Espiritu Santo, Gulf of California. Glassell (1937) reported it from coral heads taken by the Zaca in 2.5 fathoms. Ac- cording to Glassell, it is usually found in the lower part of the inter- tidal zone; most of the Hancock material was taken under stones in the littoral. Ovigerous females were collected in March. Remarks: Petrolisthes crenulatus is restricted to the Gulf of Cali- fornia, with slight extensions to the offshore islands to the south and to the southern portion of the west coast of Baja California. In the southern part of its range it overlaps with its closest relative, P. ort- manni Nobili. Range: Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California; Gulf of Califor- nia, from Isla Angel de la Guarda to Mazatlan; Isabel and Tres Marias Islands. 112 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Petrolisthes ortmanni Nobili Plate 23, fig. 3 Petrolisthes ortmanni Nobili, 1901b, p. 16 (type locality, Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador). Rathbun, 1910, p. 599. Haig, 1957b, p.-0. Petrolisthes sp., Nobili, 1901b, p. 16. Rathbun, 1910, p. 599. Previous records: Panama. Isla Flamenco: E. Festa (Nobili). Colombia. Isla Gorgona: Askoy (Haig). Ecuador. Bahia de Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, anterior regions and grooves strongly accentuated; no epibranchial spine; front trilobate; carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, naked or sparsely hairy, proximal half of anterior margin with three broad teeth, occasionally somewhat coalesced ; manus not swollen, without a heavy crest on outer margin ; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace nearly smooth, but with distinct plications on lateral margins and on protogastric and hepatic regions. Protogas- tric and hepatic lobes, and the grooves defining them, strongly ac- centuated. Frontal region strongly deflexed; front trilobate, median lobe projecting only slightly beyond lateral lobes. Outer orbital angle only very slightly produced. No epibranchial spine. Entire carapace nearly glabrous, only a slight trace of hairs on frontal region. First and second movable segments of antenna roughened by gran- ules; third nearly smooth; flagellum variable, usually naked but occa- sionally with long or vestigial hairs. Outer maxillipeds faintly rugose. Merus of chelipeds nearly smooth, armed on anterior margin with a finely granular lobe. Carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with three broad teeth, distal one usually smallest, these teeth confined to proximal half of margin and occasion- ally somewhat coalesced ; surface covered with flattened granules; a me- dian longitudinal crest, obsolescent in some specimens; granules raised and obliquely elongated to form a low crest along posterior margin. Manus finely granular, not swollen, its outer margin thin; granules rather rough and projecting in occasional specimens. Fingers granular as in manus; gape with a short, thick pubescence. Chelipeds with a trace of fine hairs in some specimens. Walking legs smooth or punctate, all segments with long scattered setae. Merus unarmed, that of leg 3 slightly inflated. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 113 Material examined: See Table 34. Measurements: Males, 2.6 to 6.7 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.1 to 6.5 mm; ovigerous females, 3.6 to 7.0 mm. A male syntype examined by the writer measures 5.2 mm in length, 4.8 mm in breadth; a fe- male ovigerous syntype, 5.3 by 5.0 mm. Color: In alcohol, some specimens show traces of reddish blotches on the carapace and chelipeds. Ecology: Petrolisthes ortmanni inhabits the littoral zone, where it has been taken under stones and from coral. The Askoy recovered it from coral taken from 2 to 3.5 fathoms (Haig, 1957b). Ovigerous females have been collected in January, February, March, and April. Relationships: Petrolisthes ortmanni is most closely related to P. crenulatus Lockington; the latter species differs from it chiefly in its larger size, hairier chelipeds and carapace, and more elongate carpus. Remarks: Earlier the writer determined (Haig, 1957b) that the two specimens from Isla Flamenco, Panama, reported by Nobili (1901b) as Petrolisthes sp., fall within the normal range of variation of his P. ortmanni. Material studied for the present report extends the range of the species still further in both directions. Range: Puerto San Carlos, Gulf of California, south to Islas Lobos de Afuera, Peru; Islas Las Tres Marias and Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Petrolisthes lewisi lewisi (Glassell) Plate 23, fig. 1 Pisosoma lewisi Glassell, 1936, p. 287 (type locality, Bahia Tenaca- tita, Mexico). Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 458. Petrolisthes lewisi, Haig, 1957b, p. 7 (part of synonymy; not new records). Previous records: Gulf of California. Punta Lobos, Isla Espiritu Santo: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Mexico. Bahia Tenacatita; Bahia de Tequepa N of Acapulco: F. O. Lewis on Stranger (Glassell). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, anterior regions and grooves strongly accentuated; no epibranchial spine; front trilobate; carpus 114 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS - VOL. 24 about one and a half times as long as wide or a little less, proximal two-thirds of anterior margin with three or four narrow, well separated, strongly projecting conical teeth; manus with two strong dorsal crests and a third along outer margin; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace subquadrate, margins subparallel posterior to epibranchial angles; plicate on posterolateral regions, otherwise nearly smooth. Frontal groove, and grooves defining protagastric and hepatic regions, strongly accentuated. Front trilobate, the lobes rounded, about equal in breadth, median lobe projecting beyond lat- eral lobes, sometimes rather strongly so; frontal region deflexed, some- times making front appear sinuate in dorsal view. Orbits shallowly con- cave; outer orbital angle not produced. No epibranchial spine. Carapace finely pubescent in young specimens, adults with a trace of hairs on frontal region. Movable segments of antenna smooth or nearly so, the first bear- ing a low crest on anterior margin, second and third without projec- tions; flagellum with long hairs. Outer maxillipeds faintly rugose. Merus of chelipeds lightly rugose, armed on anterior margin with a strongly projecting granular lobe. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide or a little less, anterior margin with three or four narrow, well separated, strongly projecting conical teeth, distal one usu- ally the smallest, these teeth granular and confined to proximal two- thirds of margin; surface strongly granular, with two heavy longitudinal crests composed of oblique, elongate granules; a third strong crest along posterior margin, composed of an irregular double row of obliquely elongate granules, sometimes produced into spinules, giving margin a serrate appearance; deep grooves between these crests, that between dor- sal crests extending to level of proximal carpal tooth, that between me- dian dorsal and posterior crests extending to articulation with merus. Manus with three heavy crests, obliquely granulate as in carpus or nearly smooth; one along outer margin and two on upper surface, the latter joined at proximal end; these crests defined by deep grooves. Gape of fingers with a short pubescence. Walking legs smooth or punctate. Merus unarmed, anterior margin with a short fringe of plumose hairs and with scattered, long non- plumose setae near posterior margin, that of leg 3 slightly inflated; other segments rather thickly covered with long and short setae. Material examined: See Table 35. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE iE5 Measurements: Males, 2.9 to 5.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.8 to 5.4 mm; ovigerous females, 4.1 to 5.7 mm. The ovigerous female holotype measures 5.5 by 5.5 mm; male paratype, 4.9 by 4.8 mm. Color: Color in alcohol uniform light red. (Glassell) Specimens in the collection of the Allan Hancock Foundation are a light orange buff; a few show traces of broad reddish stripes on the fingers. Ecology: With one exception, all known specimens have been taken from under stones in the intertidal zone. The typical subspecies was once collected at Isla Isabel, Mexico, from a rocky substrate in 0-3 fathoms. Ovigerous females were collected in every month from December through April. Remarks: The species as a whole ranges throughout the Panamic Province, but material is lacking for the area between Bahia de Te- quepa, Mexico, the most southerly locality at which the typical sub- species was taken, and Bahia de Salinas, Costa Rica, north of which the new subspecies was not found. Therefore it cannot be determined at the present time where the break between the two populations oc- curs. Range: Isla del Carmen, Gulf of California, south to Bahia de Tequepa, Mexico; Isabel and Tres Marias Islands. Petrolisthes lewisi austrinus, new subspecies Plate 5; plate 23, fig. 2 Petrolisthes sinuimanus, Nobili, 1901b, p. 15. Rathbun, 1910, p. 599 (part). Not Megalobrachium sinuimanus (Lockington). Petrolisthes lewisi, Haig, 1957b, p. 7 (part of new records; not all synonymy). Not P. 7. lewisi (Glassell). Previous records: Panama. Isla Flamenco: E. Festa (Nobili). Guayabo Chiquito: Askoy (Haig). Types: Holotype, male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102406, from Port Parker, Costa Rica, rocky shore; February 9, 1935; col- lected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1935 at Velero IIT station 466-35. Paratypes: 145 specimens from the same and 18 other stations (see ‘Table 36). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, anterior regions and grooves strongly accentuated; no epibranchial spine; front trilobate; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide or a little less, proximal 116 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 two-thirds of anterior margin with three or four teeth, all but the dis- tal one wholly or partially coalesced; manus with two strong dorsal crests and a third along outer margin; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace subquadrate, nearly smooth, with grooves defining the anterior regions distinct, as in Petrolisthes 1. lewisi. Front, orbits, and antennae as in the typical form. Merus of chelipeds as in the typical form. Carpus with a similar length-width ratio; teeth on anterior margin not well separated, as in Petrolisthes 1. lewisi, but the proximal two or three partially coalesced, or completely joined to form a narrow, strongly projecting lobe or broad tooth, followed by a smaller, separated distal tooth; dorsal and poster- ior crests usually exactly as in typical form, but the oblique granules sometimes low and partially obscured, the crests then appearing some- what smooth. Manus with crests as in typical form, dorsal ones some- times low, smooth, in latter case the groove between them somewhat obscured; distinct groove near outer margin always present, defining the heavy, smooth outer marginal crest. Gape of fingers with a short pubescence. Chelipeds devoid of hairs except for occasional traces near posterior margin of carpus. Walking legs as in Petrolisthes 1. lewist. Measurements: Holotype male: length 4.7 mm, width 4.7 mm. Paratypes: males, 3.1 to 6.4 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.5 to 4.7 mm; ovigerous females, 2.9 to 6.3 mm. Color: No color remains on any of the preserved material exam- ined, except for traces of reddish stripes on the fingers as in the typical form. These stripes were present in only a few specimens. Ecology: As in the typical subspecies, Petrolisthes lewist austrinus occurs under stones in the intertidal zone. There is no record of its association with corals. As previously noted by the writer (Haig, 1957b), the Askoy record of a single specimen from mud bottom in 24-64 meters (13-15 fathoms) was probably an error. Ovigerous females were collected in January, February, March, September, and December. Remarks: The structure of the carpal teeth, which are separated in Petrolisthes lewisi lewisi and coalesced in P. 1. austrinus, was a con- stant character in all the specimens examined. The two specimens from Isla Flamenco, Panama, referred by No- bili (1901b) to Petrolisthes sinuimanus, were seen by the writer and COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE U7 found to belong to P. Jewisi austrinus. Specimens from the Askoy Expedition referred by the writer (Haig, 1957b) to P. lewisi Glassell have since been re-examined. A portion of those from Guayabo Chi- quito, Panama, are now placed in the new subspecies, while the rest of the Guayabo Chiquito material, as well as that from Golfo de Cu- pica, Colombia, is referred to Petrolisthes artifrons, new species. The subspecific name is from the Latin austrinus, southern. Range: Bahia de Salinas, Costa Rica, south to Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador. Petrolisthes cocoensis, new species Plate 6; plate 22, fig. 2 Types: Holotype, male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102408, from Bahia de Wafer, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, rocky shore; March 2, 1933; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1933 at Velero III station 107-33. Paratypes: same data as holotype, two males, seven ovigerous females (U. S. National Museum) ; two males, four ovigerous females (Allan Hancock Foundation). Paratypes: Bahia de Chatham, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, shore; January 14, 1938; collected at Velero III station 778-38; one ovigerous female. Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, anterior regions and grooves strongly accentuated; no epibranchial spine; front broadly triangular or rounded in dorsal view, strongly deflexed ; orbits very shallow, in dorsal view forming a nearly straight line with front; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a strong, broad lobe; manus with two strong dorsal crests and a third along outer margin, these crests defined by broad grooves; merus of walking legs unarmed. Description: Carapace subovate or subquadrate, margins parallel posterior to epibranchial regions; nearly smooth, lightly plicate on post- erolateral regions and punctate anteriorly. Frontal groove and grooves defining protogastric and hepatic regions strongly accentuated. Front broad, strongly deflexed; broadly triangular or somewhat rounded in dorsal view, in frontal view trilobate, the lobes rounded, about equal in breadth, median one more projecting. Orbits very shallow, in dorsal view forming a nearly straight line with front, latter somewhat resem- bling that of Petrolisthes violaceus (Guérin) ; outer orbital angle not produced. Epibranchial region projecting at a distinct, obtuse angle to hepatic region; no epibranchial spine. Carapace with traces of hairs anteriorly. 118 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Movable segments of antenna smooth or nearly so, without anterior projections; flagellum with long hairs. Outer maxillipeds lightly ru- gose. Chelipeds covered dorsally with small granules, lightly pubescent ; smooth on ventral surface. Merus armed on anterior margin with a small conical lobe. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, or a little less; armed on anterior margin with a strong, rounded lobe, anterior and posterior margins markedly converging distally from its highest point, lobe sometimes minutely denticulate along its edge; sur- face with a strong longitudinal crest; posterior margin with a strong crest covered with slightly elongate granules a little larger than those on rest of chelipeds, this crest usually produced distally into a small tooth; dorsal and posterior crests defined by two deep, broad grooves on dorsal surface; another, faint crest sometimes present on dorsal sur- face near base of lobe. Manus with a distinct longitudinal crest about center of dorsal surface, on its inner side another, shorter crest joined to first at proximal end and extending to base of dactylus; outer mar- gin with a smooth, distinct crest, defined by a deep, broad groove ex- tending well onto pollex. Dactylus with a deep longitudinal groove; gape of fingers with a short pubescence. Merus of walking legs unarmed, anterior margin with a short fringe of plumose hairs, a few long non-plumose setae near posterior margin; that of leg 3 slightly inflated. Other segments covered with long setae. Measurements: Holotype male: length 5.0 mm, width 4.8 mm. Para- types: males, 2.8 to 4.6 mm; ovigerous females, 3.3 to 5.2 mm. _ Color: No color or markings remain on any of the material. ex- amined. Ecology: ‘The type series was taken in the intertidal zone under stones. Iwelve females out of twelve were ovigerous; they were collected in January and March. Relationships: Petrolisthes cocoensis is very closely related to P. lewisi (Glassell), from which it is distinguished only by a slight dif- ference in the shape of carapace and front, and by the presence of a lobe instead of teeth on the anterior margin of the carpus. It was prob- ably derived originally from an isolated population of P. lewisi; in- deed, it might be considered a third subspecies of the latter in which complete coalescence of ‘the carpal lobes has taken place. However, it. differs considerably more from the two subspecies of P. Jewisi than they do from each other, and it is here considered a full species. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 119 Remarks: This form has been found so far only on Isla del Coco, an isolated island with a high degree of endemism in its fauna. Range: Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Petrolisthes artifrons, new species Plate 7; plate 22, fig. 4 Petrolisthes lewisi, Haig, 1957b, p. 7 (part). Not P. lewist (Glassell). Previous records: Panama. Guayabo Chiquito: Askoy (Haig). Colombia. Bahia Limén, Golfo de Cupica: Askoy (Haig). Types: Holotype, male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102407, from south of Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador, rocky shore; January 18, 1933; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1933 at Velero III station 10-33. Paratypes: 197 specimens from the same and 15 other stations (see Table 37). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, anterior regions and grooves strongly accentuated; no epibranchial spine; front narrow, trilobate; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, proximal two-thirds of anterior margin with a broad, strongly projecting lobe, its edge ob- scurely divided into three; manus swollen on dorsal surface, with two low longitudinal crests separated by a narrow groove, outer margin with a crest defined by a distinct groove; merus of walking legs un- armed. Description: Carapace subovate, margins posterior to epibranchial angle not parallel ; covered with light plications except for metabranchial regions, the latter smooth. Frontal groove and grooves defining the various regions strongly accentuated. Carapace convex front to back; front rather narrow, distinctly trilobate in dorsal view (sinuously tri- angular in some small specimens), median lobe broad, rounded-triangu- lar, strongly produced beyond eyes, lateral lobes narrower, rounded, directed forward, less strongly produced than median lobe but extending beyond. eyes. Orbits rather shallow, obliquely concave; outer orbital angle only very slightly produced. No epibranchial spine. Carapace with a trace of hairs on frontal region in adults. Movable segments of antenna smooth to lightly granular, first with a low crest on anterior margin, second and third without projections ; flagellum. with scattered long hairs. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. 120 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Merus of chelipeds covered with large flattened granules; anterior margin with a small, strongly projecting, rounded, granular lobe. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, finely granular, armed on anterior margin with a broad, strongly projecting lobe occupying the proximal two-thirds of margin, this lobe rounded on its proximal side, forming an obtuse angle on its distal side, its edge sometimes obscurely subdivided into three parts; dorsal surface with a distinct median longi- tudinal crest; posterior margin markedly convex, with an obliquely ru- gose crest ending distally in a very small tooth, this crest sometimes covered with small crowded granules instead of rugae; the distinct groove between posterior and median crests with scattered granules a little larger than those on rest of dorsal surface and on lobe, this groove sometimes very broad, the median crest then correspondingly narrow; another broad groove sometimes present anterior to median crest, ex- tending for only about distal half of carpus; a few scattered hairs some- times present near posterior margin. Manus finely granular, heavy, sur- face swollen, the swollen area often lightly, longitudinally grooved to form two low, close-set crests; outer margin with a distinct rounded crest, defined by a strong, broad groove near outer margin and usually extending well onto pollex. Fingers finely granular; curved at tips, meeting entire length in one cheliped, usually shorter and slightly gap- ing in the other; dactylus usually deeply grooved along center; gape with a short, thick pubescence, usually extending to tips of fingers. Ventral surface of chelipeds smooth. Merus of walking legs unarmed, anterior margin with a short, thick fringe of plumose hairs, that of leg 3 slightly inflated; other segments thickly covered with tufts of long non-plumose setae. Measurements: Holotype male: length 8.0 mm, width 7.2 mm. Para- types: males, 3.0 to 8.6 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.2 to 6.5 mm; ovigerous females, 3.6 to 7.9 mm. Color: Specimens preserved in alcohol were pale orange, with lighter spots on the carapace and chelipeds. Ecology: Usually occurring in the littoral, under stones. It was taken once by the Velero IJ] from a sand and shell bottom at 10 fath- oms. Relationships: This new species is allied to Petrolisthes crenulatus Lockington, P. ortmanni and P. hians Nobili, P. lewisi (Glassell), and P. cocoensis, new species. It may be readily distinguished from these forms by its narrower, more produced and less deflexed front. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 121 Remarks: Petrolisthes artifrons occupies much the same range as P. lewisi austrinus, new subspecies, and the two forms often occur to- gether. The name artifrons is from the Latin artus, narrow, and frons, forehead, in reference to the narrow front characteristic of this species. Range: Port Parker, Costa Rica, south to Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador. Petrolisthes hians Nobili Plate 22, fig. 3 Petrolisthes hians Nobili, 1901b, p. 17 (type locality, Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador). Rathbun, 1910, p. 599. Haig, 1957b, p. 7. Pisosoma flagraciliata Glassell, 1937, p. 82, pl. 1, fig. 2 (type local- ity, off Arena Bank, Gulf of California). Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 458. Previous records: Gulf of California. Off Arena Bank: W. Beebe on Zaca (Glassell). Pulmo Reef; Cabo de San Lucas: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Rick- etts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Colombia. Bahia Humboldt: Askoy (Haig). Ecuador. Bahia de Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth, anterior regions and grooves strongly accentuated; no epibranchial spine; front trilobate, the median lobe very narrow; carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with three or four broad rounded teeth; manus with a crest on outer margin, defined by a distinct groove; merus of walking legs unarmed; telson of abdomen with five plates. Description: Carapace covered with rough plications anteriorly, smooth or punctate posteriorly; protogastric, hepatic, and epibranchial regions, and the grooves defining them, strongly accentuated. Frontal region deflexed; front broad, trilobate, lateral lobes broad and sinuate, median lobe narrow, only slightly projecting beyond them. Outer or- bital angle produced into a small, strong tooth. No epibranchial spine. Carapace devoid of hairs. First movable segment of antenna with two minute spinules on an- terior margin; second with a minute spinule on anterior margin at distal end, and often one at proximal end as well; third without an- terior projections; flagellum with long hairs. Outer maxillipeds rugose. 122 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Merus of cheliped smooth, armed on anterior margin with a small, strongly projecting lobe. Carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, with three or four broad teeth on anterior margin, proximal one the largest; covered with rough, oblique granules, especially along posterior margin; a median longitudinal crest, often indistinct, it and posterior crest defined by a groove; small specimens with a trace of another dorsal crest anterior to median one. Manus covered with rough plications; surface not swollen, outer margin with a crest defined by a distinct groove continuing onto pollex. Fingers punctate; gape devoid of pubescence. Chelipeds without pubescence. Walking legs nearly smooth, all segments with long setae. Merus not armed with spines. Telson of abdomen with five plates. Material examined: See TVable 38. Measurements: Males, 2.1 to 4.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 1.8 to 4.4 mm; ovigerous females, 1.9 to 5.6 mm. A male syntype examined by the writer measured 4.0 mm; an ovigerous female syntype, 3.9 mm. Nobili gave measurements for a male specimen of 5.0 by 4.5 mm. The holotype of Pisosoma flagraciliata (an ovigerous female) measures 4.9 by 5.1 mm; a male paratype, 4.2 by 4.0 mm. Color: In alcohol, carapace with a ground color of red; plications red and white. Chelipeds with maroon blotches, the plications banded with red and white; fingers red with white tips. Ambulatory legs banded with red and white. (Glassell) Ecology: Petrolisthes hians is commonly found in coral heads from the littoral to a depth of about four fathoms. It occurs less frequently under stones in the intertidal zone. A Hancock expedition recovered it on one occasion from a sponge dredged in 1-4 fathoms at Acapulco, Mexico. It was once dredged by the Velero III in 14-18 fathoms from a sand and nullipore bottom off Isla Socorro; this depth must be considered exceptional. Aside from the common coral and occasional sponge association, the only reference to commensalism for the species was by Steinbeck and Ricketts (1941), who found it attached to a sea urchin, probably Centrostephanus, in the Gulf of California. Ovigerous females have been collected in every month from De- cember through June. Relationships: This species is most closely related to Petrolisthes jugosus Streets, 1872, a western Atlantic form. P. jugosus differs in <= COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 123 having a lightly pubescent carapace and chelipeds, and a trace of pu- bescence in the gape of the fingers. These differences appear to be constant, judging from the comparatively small series of the Atlantic species available for examination. Remarks: The holotype of Pisosoma flagraciliata Glassell was compared with two of the 12 syntypes of Petrolisthes hians. ‘The two nominal species proved to be identical, and Pisosoma flagraciliata be- comes a synonym. With the removal of several species from Petrolisthes to other gen- era, Petrolisthes hians and its close relative P. jugosus Streets become the only New World Petrolisthes with five plates instead of seven in the telson of the abdomen. It is not known whether any members of the genus from other parts of the world have a five-plated telson. Range: Bahia de Santa Maria, Baja California; CGuaymas, Gulf of California, south to Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador; Isa- bel, Tres Marias, and Revillagigedo Islands. Shore to about 4 fath- oms; exceptionally to 18 fathoms. NEOPISOSOMA, new genus Type species: Neopisosoma bicapillatum, new species. Carapace rounded or subquadrate, approximately as broad as or a little broader than long. Side walls incomplete, ending at epibranchial level or tapering off at this point with a narrow projection extending to mesobranchial level, the posterior portion occupied by membrane only. Front narrow, rounded and usually rather strongly produced in dorsal view, trilobate or transversely sinuate in frontal view. Eyestalks short and stout, retractile. Basal segment of antenna not produced forward to meet anterior margin of carapace; sometimes with a small inward projection. Basal segment of antennule broad, anterior face truncate, anterior margin sinuate. Chelipeds large, thick, and robust, one distinctly larger than the other; carpus short and stout, about as broad as long; manus and fingers differing in form in the two chelipeds. Walking legs of moderate length, somewhat flattened; propodus with movable spinules on posterior margin; dactylus ending in a simple spine, with small movable accessory spinules on posterior margin. Telson of abdomen composed of either seven or five plates. Male pleopods lacking in some species. 124 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Contains five known species, from the east and west American coasts. Remarks: Neopisosoma shares with Pachycheles three characters which occur nowhere else in the family: the chelipeds are thick, robust, and markedly differing in size (and bent in the normal manner at the articulation of carpus and manus, not straight as in Orthochela) ; the number of plates in the telson of the abdomen may vary within a single species; and male pleopods are absent in some species. The principal difference between the two genera lies in the structure of the side walls of the carapace. In Pachycheles the chitinous material in the posterior portion of the side wall is broken up into one or more separate pieces, while in Neopisosoma these fragments are entirely lacking, leaving membrane only. It may be that, when the species included in Pachy- cheles are reviewed on a worldwide basis, Neopisosoma will prove to be referable to it as a subgenus. Besides the three species treated in this report, Neopfisosoma is represented by two Caribbean forms previously included in Pisosoma: these are Neopisosoma angustifrons (Benedict), 1901, and N. cura- caoense (Schmitt), 1924. The name of this genus is derived from the Greek veos, new, and Pisosoma. Key To THE EASTERN PAcIFic SPECIES la. Chelipeds with flattened granules; carpus with crests; telson 7-plated:; male pleopods present: ;. 3-..- < ~ ee 1b. Chelipeds with rounded, projecting granules; no crests on car- pus; telson 5-plated; no male pleopods . . . . dohenyi 2a. Carpus with 4-5 teeth occupying entire anterior margin; its surface with 3 distinct longitudinal crests, and a fourth along posterior margin; manus of both chelipeds thickly covered with long hairs Sap lee ade Seu teats 1% bicapillatum 2b. Carpus with 3 teeth occupying not more than proximal two- thirds of anterior margin; its surface with 3 low, often ob- solescent crests; pubescence on manus of minor cheliped only : . mexicanum Neopisosoma bicapillatum, new species Plate 8; plate 30, fig. 3 Types: Holotype, male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102409, from reef north of Tagus Hill, Isla Albemarle, Galapagos Islands; COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 5 February 9, 1933; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1933 at Velero III station 65-33. Paratypes: 13 specimens from the same and four other stations (see Table 39). Diagnosis: Chelipeds covered with flattened granules; dorsal sur- face of carpus with three longitudinal crests defined by distinct grooves; anterior margin of carpus entirely occupied by four or five conical teeth; manus of both chelipeds thickly covered with long hairs; telson seven-plated ; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, subquadrate, regions usually distinct; posterolateral regions lightly plicate, surface other- wise punctate, devoid of hairs except for occasional traces anteriorly. Front arcuate and rather strongly projecting in dorsal view, with a shal- low median groove; in frontal view trilobate or transverse with a strongly deflexed median projection. Orbits deep, sharply oblique. Side wall extending to epibranchial level, with a narrow posterior pro- jection continuing to level of mesobranchial region. First movable segment of antenna with a strong crest on anterior margin; second finely granular, with a vestigial anterior crest in large specimens; third nearly smooth; flagellum with short hairs. Outer maxillipeds lightly punctate. Merus of chelipeds rugose or with flattened granules on dorsal sur- face; anterior margin armed with a strongly projecting, conical lobe; ventral surface smooth. Carpus devoid of pubescence, armed on an- terior margin with four or five strong, conical, smooth-edged teeth, about equal in size, a similar additional tooth formed by a projection of the anterodistal angle; surface with four longitudinal crests defined by distinct grooves: the first at base of teeth, extending to distal end of carpus; second at about center of carpus, not extending its entire length but interrupted near distal end; third narrow, near posterior margin of carpus and extending to about same level as second, the grooves defining it and second crest joined around their ends; fourth extending along posterior margin, its surface obliquely rugose; ventral surface smooth. Manus of both chelipeds covered with flattened gran- ules; a strong longitudinal crest near inner margin extending to base of dactylus; entire surface, from outer margin of this crest to outer margin of manus, thickly covered with long plumose hairs, the pile often extending nearly to tip of pollex, and ending sharply along outer margin of manus; outer edge of manus decorated with a row of small granules; ventral surface smooth or punctate. Fingers nearly smooth. Dactylus of major cheliped often strongly curved, cutting edge with a 126 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 large proximal tubercle; pollex with an elongate tubercle on proximal half of cutting edge, its tip long and sharply incurved; fingers gaping, especially in males, but usually crossing at tips. Pollex of minor cheliped with long incurving tip as in major cheliped; fingers meeting entire length, crossing at tips. Gape in both chelipeds with a trace of pub- escence. Merus of walking legs with an anterior fringe of plumose hairs; a similar fringe on the distal half or two-thirds of carpus; hairs also on dorsal surface of carpus near articulation with propodus; propodus and dactylus covered with plumose hairs and a few scattered, non-plumose setae. Abdomen punctate, telson with seven plates. A pair of pleopods in male. Variations: The crests on the dorsal surface of the carpus are some- times quite high and at other times low, but always more distinct than in Neopisosoma mexicanum; the crests may be smooth or covered with flattened granules. In addition to the four or five teeth usually present on the anterior margin of the carpus, a small distal tooth may be present between the last full-sized tooth and the one formed by the projec- tion of the anterodistal angle. In one specimen examined, the two prox- imal teeth were coalesced. Measurements: Holotype male: length 5.4 mm, width 5.4 mm. Para- types: males, 3.6 to 6.4 mm; ovigerous females, 4.5 to 5.3 mm. Color: All specimens were faded in alcohol to a pale buff. The hairs on the dorsal surface of the manus were straw-colored, but the pile was filled with silt in most cases and consequently appeared black. Ecology: All specimens were taken in the littoral, presumably under stones, with the exception of the three from La Libertad, Ecuador, which were collected by diving in 2 fathoms. All female specimens were ovigerous, and were collected in Decem- ber, January, and February. Relationships: Neopisosoma bicapillatum has two close relatives, N. mexicanum (Streets) and N. curacaoense (Schmitt), 1924. N. mexicanum usually has but three carpal teeth, which occupy no more than two-thirds of the anterior margin; the crests on the carpus are always low, sometimes obsolescent ; and long plumose hairs are present on the manus of the minor cheliped only. N. bicapillatum is closer to the Caribbean species N. curacaoense, which has very similar carpal crests and teeth. In N. curacaoense the long hairs are not invariably COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 127 present on the manus of both chelipeds, as in N. bicapillatum, but may occur on one, both, or neither manus, their presence on both being predominantly a female characteristic. In the Atlantic species the num- ber of plates in the telson of the abdomen appears to be variable in both sexes, specimens having been observed in which it was five-, seven-, or partially seven-plated. Like the related Pacific coast spe- cies, N. curacaoense has a pair of pleopods in the male. Remarks: The specific name is from the Latin d7-, twice, doubly, and capillatus, hairy, in reference to the presence of long hairs on the manus of both chelipeds. Range: Known from only two mainland stations, at Puerto Utria, Colombia, and La Libertad, Ecuador; Galapagos Islands. Neopisosoma mexicanum (Streets), new combination Plate 30, fig. 2 Pachycheles mexicanus Streets, 1871a, p. 225, pl. 2, fig. 1 (type local- ity, Golfo de Tehuantepec, Mexico). Ortmann, 1897, pp. 292, 293. Haig, 1957b, p. 3. Not Moreira, 1901, pp. 32, 91. Previous records: Mexico. Golfo de Tehuantepec: (Streets). Panama. Guayabo Chiquito: Askoy (Haig). Colombia. Bahia Limoén, Golfo de Cupica: Askoy (Haig). Diagnosis: Chelipeds covered with flattened granules; dorsal sur- face of carpus with three low, often obsolescent crests; anterior margin of carpus with three conical teeth occupying the proximal half or two- thirds of margin; manus of major cheliped with a short pubescence, that of minor cheliped usually thickly covered with long hairs; telson seven-plated ; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, regions distinct; plicate on posterolateral regions, otherwise punctate or faintly granular, naked except for traces of pubescence on frontal region. Front rather strongly projecting and arcuate in dorsal view, in frontal view trilobate, median lobe produced and strongly deflexed. Side wall extending to epibranchial level, with a narrow posterior projection continuing to level of mesobranchial region. First movable segment of antenna with a crest on anterior margin, low to strongly projecting; second finely granular; third nearly smooth; flagellum with short hairs. 128 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Dorsal surface of chelipeds more or less evenly covered with small, somewhat flattened granules. Merus with a strongly projecting, rounded lobe on anterior margin. Carpus with three distinct conical teeth occu- pying proximal half or two-thirds of anterior margin, proximal one the largest, a fourth tooth occasionally present; dorsal surface with two low longitudinal crests, one at about center and other near posterior margin, a third crest, usually obsolescent, near anterior teeth, these crests some- times covered with enlarged granules; posterior margin obliquely ru- gose ; surface covered with a short pubescence. Manus of major cheliped with a low rounded crest on outer margin, defined by a shallow groove extending to base of pollex; a low, broad swelling at articulation with dactylus; surface covered with a short pubescence, slightly longer to- ward outer margin; fingers strongly curved, cutting edges with a row of small granules, usually more projecting in smaller individuals, ob- solescent in some large specimens, fingers usually not meeting at tips, gape naked or with a slight trace of pubescence. Manus of minor chel- iped with crest and groove near outer margin similar to that of major chel- iped; outer half thickly covered with long plumose hairs, the pile ex- tending to base of pollex or occasionally about half way onto it; dactylus strongly curved; fingers meeting entire length, crossing at tips, gape naked or with a slight trace of pubescence. Anterior margin of walking legs with a fringe of plumose hairs, this fringe often obsolescent on carpus; propodus and dactylus with scattered tufts of plumose hairs and a few non-plumose setae on dorsal surface. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. A pair of pleopods in male. Variations: Usually only the smaller specimens have strongly pro- jecting granules on the cutting edge of the dactylus of the major chel- iped (not strong teeth as shown in Streets’s illustration of the type). In most specimens there is a row of small granules on the cutting edge of both pollex and dactylus, but in some larger individuals the cutting edges are perfectly smooth. In several of the specimens examined the plumose hairs on the manus of the minor cheliped were not developed into a long thick pile, but remained short as in the manus of the major cheliped. Material examined: See Table 40. Measurements: Males, 3.1 to 7.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.3 to 7.7 mm; ovigerous females, 3.4 to 7.6 mm. Because of its dried con- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 129 dition the juvenile holotype specimen could not be measured accurately. Streets reported it as 0.18 inch. Color: In alcoholic specimens collected in 1954, the entire crab was pale orange, with the granules on the chelipeds a darker orange and small dark orange spots on the carapace. Older preserved specimens retained traces of red blotches on the chelipeds. None had a white spot on the front or striped legs, as noted by Streets for the holotype. Ecology: Nearly all the known material was collected in the littoral, under stones. Specimens from Mexico taken by E. Y. Dawson may have been washed from algae. The species was taken once from the Velero III by diving at 2 fathoms, and was once dredged in 10 fathoms from a sand and shell bottom. Ovigerous females have been collected in January, March, May, and September. Remarks: Prior to the recent report on Askoy porcellanids (Haig, 1957b), this species was known only from the holotype, a dried juvenile specimen in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The identity of the Brazilian species listed by Moreira (1901) as Pachycheles mexicanus is not known. Range: Mazatlan at the mouth of the Gulf of California, south to Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador. ?Extralimital: Isla Charles, Galapagos Islands. Neopisosoma dohenyi, new species Plate 9; plate 30, fig. 4 Types: Holotype, male, Allan Hancock Foundation Cat. No. 562, from Islas Las Tres Marietas, Bahia de Las Banderas, Mexico, shore; March 21, 1956; collected by Jens W. Knudsen. Paratypes: 46 speci- mens from the same and five other stations (see Table 41). Specimens collected by J. Xantus at Cabo San Lucas, Gulf of California (Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology 1373) were not at hand during the drawing up of the description and consequently are not designated paratypes. Diagnosis: Chelipeds covered with rounded, projecting granules; no crests on dorsal surface of carpus; anterior margin of carpus with four to six narrow teeth, some of them bifid at tips; manus of both chelipeds covered with a short pubescence; telson five-plated; no pleo- pods in male. 130 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Description: Carapace usually a little broader than long (1.0 or 1.1 times in males, 1.2 or 1.3 in females), strongly convex front to back, surface punctate, slightly uneven, devoid of hairs or at most with traces visible only under magnification. Front rounded in dorsal view, in frontal view transversely sinuate or faintly trilobate. Orbits rather shal- low. Side wall consisting only of a small anterior wedge, ending at epibranchial level; posterior membrane thickly covered with fine hairs. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting tuber- cle on anterior margin; second and third lightly granular; flagellum with short hairs. Outer maxillipeds smooth or punctate, surface of ischium with scattered hairs. Merus of chelipeds covered with flattened, scale-like granules; distal end of anterior margin with a small granular lobe; ventral surface smooth. Carpus armed on anterior margin with four to six narrow, rounded, well-separated teeth, some of them bifid at their tips, all about equal in size; surface evenly covered with large rough granules, between the granules a short pubescence ; ventral surface smooth. Manus and fingers covered with granules, larger than those of carpus, some- what more projecting toward outer margin of manus and pollex; be- tween the granules a short pubescence, as in carpus; ventral surface with flattened granules, rougher toward outer margin of manus. Dac- tylus of major cheliped with a row of three or four tubercles on cutting edge, proximal one larger and more projecting than others; pollex short, conical, with a large tubercle on cutting edge; fingers meeting at tips, slightly gaping, gape with traces of hair. Dactylus of minor chel- iped with a row of small tubercles on cutting edge; pollex short, con- ical, with a row of small tubercles; fingers meeting for entire length, gape with traces of hair. Walking legs punctate or lightly granular; fringed on anterior mar- gins with plumose and non-plumose hairs. Abdomen smooth or punctate; telson with five plates. No pleopods in male. Measurements: Holotype male: length 4.2 mm, width 4.5 mm. Para- types: males, 1.7 to 6.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 1.9 to 2.3 mm; ovigerous females, 2.1 to 5.2 mm. Color: The color in life was not recorded. In specimens preserved only a few years in alcohol the carapace is orange, with a white spot on the front, a narrow longitudinal white streak on the mesogastric region, and an oblique white streak or a white spot on each meso- branchial area. The chelipeds are orange, with the granules darker, and COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 131 there is a large median white area on the carpus and some white on the outer side of the manus; the tips of the fingers are white. This pattern was observed in specimens from several Mexican localities, and is probably characteristic of the species in life. Ecology: Mexican specimens were collected in the littoral; those taken by E. Y. Dawson may have been washed from algae. The single specimen from Panama was recovered from coral dredged in 2-4 fa- thoms. Ovigerous females were collected in December, January, and March. Relationships: Neopisosoma dohenyi is most closely related to a west Atlantic species, N. angustifrons (Benedict), 1901, which like it has the chelipeds covered with rough granules, lacks crests on the carpus, has a five-plated telson, and lacks male pleopods. In N. angustifrons there are two rows of enlarged granules or small tubercles near the outer margin of the manus and extending onto the pollex; the carpal teeth are less projecting than in N. dohenyi; and the side walls of the carapace have a narrow, curved posterior projection extending to the mesobranchial level. It was noted that some alcoholic specimens of N. angustifrons had a color pattern very similar to that of N. dohenyi. Remarks: The new species is named for Mr. Patrick A. Doheny, who sponsored the expedition on which the holotype was taken, along with many other materials of scientific interest. Range: Cabo San Lucas and Mazatlan at the mouth of the Gulf of California, south to Bahia Pifias, Panama. PACHYCHELES Stimpson 1858 Pachycheles Stimpson, 1858, p. 228 (type species Porcellana grossi- mana Guérin, 1835, by original designation). Pisosoma Stimpson, 1858, p. 228 (type species Porcellana pisum H. Milne Edwards, 1837, by original designation). Carapace rounded or subquadrate, usually about as broad as long in males, a little broader than long in females. Side walls incomplete, the posterior portion consisting of one or more pieces separated by membranous interspaces. Front not prominent, usually rounded or transversely sinuate in dorsal view, trilobate in frontal view. Eyestalks short and stout, retractile. oe ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 24 Basal segment of antenna not produced forward to meet anterior margin of carapace; usually somewhat produced inward to form a partial suborbital margin. Basal segment of antennule broad, anterior margin truncate; an- terior margin sinuate, sometimes armed with one or two spinules on inner side. Chelipeds large, thick, and robust, one distinctly larger than the other; carpus short and stout, usually about as broad as long; manus and fingers often different in form in the two chelipeds. Walking legs of moderate length, somewhat flattened; propodus with movable spinules on posterior margin; dactylus ending in a simple spine, with small movable accessory spinules on posterior margin (and very rarely with a few fixed spines as well). Telson of abdomen composed of either seven or five plates, the number within each species constant in males, sometimes variable in females. Male pleopods frequently reduced in size or completely lack- ing. Remarks: Pisosoma was very poorly defined by its author (Stimp- son, 1858), and a heterogeneous assemblage of species has been as- signed to it from time to time by various writers. Ortmann (1897) considered it a subgenus of Petrolisthes, placing in it forms in which the basal antennal article is short, the side walls of the carapace are entire, and the chelipeds are somewhat thickened; but at the same time he assigned its type species, Porcellana pisum H. Milne Edwards, 1837, to Pachycheles. Miyake (1943), recognizing that Pisosoma must be con- fined to species related to Pisosoma pisum, gave the first satisfactory definition of the genus on that basis. Among the five Nipponese spe- cies in which the side walls of the carapace are divided, Miyake was able to distinguish between Pachycheles and Pisosoma on the basis of several characters, the most clear-cut distinctions being the presence in Pachycheles of a tuft of hairs on the front and spinules on the anterior margin of the basal antennal article, and the absence of these features in Pisosoma. However, when these criteria were applied to the eighteen eastern Pacific species no clear distinction between the two genera could be drawn. In this report Pisosoma is considered a synonym of Pachycheles. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE Ta. 1b. 2a. 2b. 3a. 3b. 4a. 4b. Sa. 6a. 6b. 7a. 7b. 8a. 8b. Key To THE EASTERN PAcIFic SPECIES Carapace with a distinct tuft of hairs on front, or surface cov- ered with distinct hairs. Carapace devoid of hairs, or at most with traces scarcely visible except under magnification. Front with a distinct tuft of hairs Front without a distinct tuft, but hairs sometimes present. Carpus and manus each with 3 longitudinal rows of large flat- tened tubercles, the spaces between them filled with a short pubescence: «°' . 92 «6 6s Soe, 3 “St monilifer Chelipeds without rows of large tubercles as in 3a. Manus with a large granulate protuberance at base of pollex; telson with 5 plates in both sexes. No distinct protuberance on manus at base of pollex; telson 7-plated in males, 7- or 5-plated in females. Carpus with a broad triangular lobe; front with a tuft of non- plumose setae; chelipeds with long, scattered plumose hairs. . rudis . Carpus with a broad serrate-edged lobe; front with a tuft of plumose hairs; chelipeds with short, thick-set plumose hairs. holosericus Frontal tuft composed of plumose hairs only; manus nearly naked or with plumose hairs, scattered non-plumose setae some- times interspersed with them; telson of female 7-plated. Frontal tuft composed of mixed plumose and non-plumose hairs; manus covered with long, stiff, non-plumose setae ; telson of female 5- or incompletely 7-plated. Carpus with 2 teeth; chelipeds nearly naked or with plumose hairs, but no non-plumose setae; male pleopods present. grossimanus Carpus with 3-4 teeth; chelipeds (manus of minor chelipeds, at the very least) thickly covered with plumose hairs, and scat- tered, long non-plumose setae interspersed with them. Non-plumose setae mixed with plumose pubescence on manus of both chelipeds; male pleopods present. . . pubescens Non-plumose setae mixed with plumose pubescence on manus of minor cheliped, that of major cheliped with plumose pubescence only; no male pleopods. . . . . = . ~~. ~~ crinimanus 193 134 9a 9b 10a. 10b. Ila. 11b. 15b. 16a. 16b. fa: ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Carpus with a broad serrate-edged lobe, surface nearly smooth except near posterior margin; chelipeds with non-plumose setae only; male pleopods present. . . . subsetosus Carpus with 3-4 teeth, surface covered with small tubercles; chelipeds with tufts of long, non-plumose setae surrounded by short plumose hairs; no male pleopods. . = spinidactylus Front rounded in dorsal view; carpus with 2 teeth; telson 7-plated in males. Front shallowly trilobate in dorsal view ; carpus with 3-5 teeth; telson 5-plated (male of velerae unknown). Chelipeds with non-plumose setae only ; walking legs with non- plumose setae; male pleopods present. . . panamensis Chelipeds covered with non-plumose setae, plumose hairs near outer margins; walking legs with plumose hairs; no male Pleapadser .f) <. jose Ag tn aude) ete Cal st nate a tier . Inner half of carpus nearly smooth, outer half with 3 longi- tudinal rows of projecting granules; chelipeds with tufts of short, plumose bristles). ic 4). | mareertezentis . Inner half of carpus with a series of transverse ridges, outer half with 3 longitudinal rows of strongly projecting granules, series of transverse ridges between the rows; chelipeds with scattered long, non-plumose setae. . . . «. ~~ wvelerae . Carpus and manus with strong crests and grooves. . vicarius . No strong crests and grooves on dorsal surface of chelipeds. . Carpus and manus nearly smooth, manus with a distinct groove near outer margin. 45s) hei u kia! Go. head beeen . Carpus and manus covered with granules. . Carapace smooth, shining, very strongly convex front to back; dactylus of walking legs with 2 strong fixed spines on posterior margin in addition to terminal claw. . . . crassus Carapace not markedly convex; dactylus of walking legs with- out fixed spines. Carpus and manus thickly covered with long plumose hairs, fingers naked. sR yell pokey CRE eect, hace || Pn Pld eee Chelipeds devoid of hairs, or at most with traces of pubescence. Carpus with a broad lobe armed with about 8 small teeth or serrations ; walking legs almost devoid of hairs; telson 5-plated in both sexes; male pleopods present. . . . . = chacei 11 12 14 15 16 ily) COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 135 17b. Carpus with a broad lobe notched to form 2 shallow teeth; walking legs with long plumose hairs; telson 7-plated in males, incompletely so in females; no male pleopods. . calculosus Pachycheles chacei Haig Plate 31, fig. 3 Restricted synonymy: Pachycheles rudis, Nobili, 1901b, p. 18 (part). Not P. rudis Stimpson. Pachycheles chacei Haig, 1956a, p. 9, pl. 1 (type locality, Bahia Cale- donia, Atlantic Panama) ; 1957b, p. 6. Previous Pacific records: Colombia. Bahia Humboldt: Askoy (Haig 1957b). Ecuador. Bahia de Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Diagnosis: Carapace practically devoid of hairs; carpus covered with small granules tending to form longitudinal rows on outer half, anterior margin with a broad lamellar lobe with a row of about eight strongly projecting granules or small teeth along its edge; manus and fingers with granules similar to those of carpus; walking legs almost devoid of hairs; telson five-plated; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long in males, usually slightly broader (1.1 times) in females; plicate on posterolateral and frontal regions, otherwise smooth or punctate; devoid of hairs except for occasional traces on frontal region, visible only under high magni- fication. Front rounded in dorsal view, sinuously triangular or faintly trilobate in frontal view. Outer orbital angle produced into a small tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece and usually two smaller ones. First movable segment of antenna smooth, with a distinct conical tubercle on anterior margin; second and third smooth; flagellum naked. Merus of chelipeds lightly rugose, with a small granular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus armed on anterior margin with a broad lamel- lar lobe, occupying nearly entire margin and with a row of about eight strongly projecting granules or small teeth along its edge, the distal ones a little larger; surface of carpus and lobe covered with small gran- ules, larger and sometimes a little elongate on outer half, there tending to form more or less even longitudinal rows. Manus and fingers with rough granules, similar to those of carpus, more projecting toward outer margin. Dactylus of major cheliped strongly curved; fingers gap- ing in major cheliped, meeting entire length in minor cheliped; gape 136 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 without pubescence. Entire cheliped devoid of hairs, or at most a faint trace of pubescence between granules on manus of major cheliped. Walking legs almost devoid of hairs, a few scattered setae on pro- podus and dactylus. Telson of abdomen with five plates. A pair of pleopods in male. Material examined: See Table 42. Measurements: Males, 3.0 to 4.5 mm; non-ovigerous female, 2.9 mm; ovigerous females, 3.0 to 4.5 mm. The holotype, an ovigerous fe- male, is 3.7 mm in length. Color: The color in life was not recorded. Alcoholic specimens have faded to a pale buff. Ecology: Pachycheles chacei has been taken in the Pacific from coral recovered at 1-4 fathoms. On the Atlantic coast it was taken in the littoral. Ovigerous females (Pacific coast specimens) were collected in Jan- uary. Remarks: This species was originally described from the western Atlantic; on that side of the American continent it is known from only two stations, Bahia Caledonia, Panama, and Cartagena, Colombia. The present writer reported it from the eastern Pacific on the basis of a specimen collected by the Askoy Expedition, and referred specimens called Pachycheles rudis Stimpson by Nobili (1901b) to this species (Haig, 1957b). Additional material studied in connection with the present report shows the species to be well established on the Pacific coast. It has not been taken in abundance anywhere. Range: San José, Guatemala, south to Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. Western Atlantic: Panama and Colombia. Pachycheles calculosus, new species Plate 10; plate 31, fig. 4 Types: Holotype, male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102410, from south of La Libertad, Ecuador, rocky shore; January 20, 1933; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1933 at Velero IIT station 16-33. Paratypes: 42 specimens from the same and nine other stations (see Table 43). Diagnosis: Carapace practically devoid of hairs; carpus covered with granules flattened on anterior half or two-thirds, its anterior mar- gin with a broad lobe, notched to form two shallow teeth; similar gran- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 137 ules on manus and fingers, sometimes more projecting and tending to form longitudinal rows on outer part of manus, outer margin of latter with a low granular crest; walking legs 2 and 3 thickly covered with long plumose hairs; telson seven-plated in males, incompletely so in fe- males; no pleopods in male. Description: Carapace slightly broader than long (1.1 times in males, 1.1 to 1.3 in females), somewhat convex; plicate on posterolateral regions, elsewhere covered with scattered punctae or short rugae, par- ticularly in frontal and lateral regions; appearing devoid of hairs, but under high magnification often showing very short setae arising from the punctae and plications. Front rounded in dorsal view, in frontal view faintly trilobate or transverse with a slight median projection. Outer orbital angle produced into a small, sometimes indistinct tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece, sometimes a very small one posterior to it. First movable segment of antenna with a distinct conical tubercle on anterior margin; second somewhat roughened; third smooth; flagel- lum naked. Outer maxillipeds punctate, under high magnification usu- ally showing short setae as on carapace. Merus of chelipeds rugose on dorsal surface, with a rugose, sub- triangular lobe, rather strongly projecting, on anterior margin; ventral surface smooth. Carpus armed on anterior margin with a broad lamel- lar lobe, occupying entire margin and shallowly notched along its edge to form a low, broad tooth followed distally by a smaller one, the sur- face of the lobe covered with small, crowded granules; dorsal surface of carpus covered with granules somewhat larger than those of lobe and not crowded so closely together, flattened and slightly imbricate in anterior half or two-thirds, rounded and projecting in posterior third ; somewhat flattened and elongate on posterior margin, forming oblique rugae; ventral surface smooth. Manus and fingers covered with gran- ules similar to those on outer third of carpus; a trace of pubescence sometimes, but not always, present between granules; outer margin with a low, indistinct crest covered with smaller granules. Dactylus of major cheliped curved, a large tubercle on cutting edge near articula- tion with manus; pollex with a tubercle on cutting edge near tip; fingers gaping. Fingers in minor cheliped straight, meeting for entire length or nearly so. Gape of both fingers with a trace of pubescence. Ventral surface of pollex and outer part of manus with flattened gran- ules; rest of manus roughened; dactylus punctate. 138 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Walking legs lightly rugose, surface with rather strong, flattened granules; carpus and propodus, and to a lesser extent merus, of legs 2 and 3 thickly covered with long plumose hairs. Abdomen smooth; telson seven-plated in males, nearly always in- completely so in females. No pleopods in male. Variations: In some specimens there are enlarged granules forming two more or less regular longitudinal rows along the outer part of the manus of the major cheliped, and a few granules grouped together near the gape of the fingers. In a few of the specimens from Bahia Tangola- Tangola these larger granules are bunched together to form several large tubercles, the one at the gape of the fingers being particularly outstanding. In these same specimens the tubercles are present, but less distinctly, on the minor cheliped also. The teeth on the outer margin of the carpus are quite strongly pro- jecting 1n occasional examples, and in others tend to divide slightly along their edges. The tubercle on the cutting edge of the pollex is usually larger and more projecting than is shown in the illustration of the holotype (Plate 10, fig. 1) but in one or two specimens it was entirely lacking. Measurements: Holotype male: length 5.1 mm, width 5.9 mm. Para- types: males, 2.4 to 5.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.3 and 5.0 mm; ovigerous females, 2.5 to 6.6 mm. Color: All the specimens examined had faded in alcohol to a pale orange-buff. In some examples the tips of the fingers are white. Ecology: Specimens from Bahia Tangola-Tangola were recovered from coral; the single specimen from Bahia Santa Lucia was taken from sponge dredged in 1-4 fathoms. The rest of the material for which data are available was found on rocky reefs, presumably concealed under stones. Ovigerous females were taken in every month from January through May. Relationships: Pachycheles calculosus appears to be most closely related to P. greeleyi (Rathbun), 1900, a Brazilian species. In both forms the carapace and chelipeds are nearly devoid of hairs, the chel- ipeds are covered with granules, the telson of the abdomen is seven- plated, and male pleopods are lacking. In P. greeleyi the carapace is some- what rugose, the outer orbital angle is produced into a distinct tooth, and the granules of the chelipeds and the tubercles on the cutting edges of the fingers are unlike those of P. calculosus. _ COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 139 Remarks: The specific name, from the Latin calculosus, pebbly, was suggested by the granular appearance of the chelipeds. Range: Acapulco, Mexico, south to La Libertad, Ecuador. Pachycheles setimanus (Lockington) Plate 31, fig. 2 Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) setimanus Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 402° (type localities, Bahia Mulegé and Isla San José, Gulf of Cali- fornia). Pachycheles panamensis?, Schmitt, 1924b, p. 385. Not P. panamensis Faxon. Pachycheles setimanus, Glassell, 1936, p. 292; 1938a, p. 444. Stein- beck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 456. Previous records: Gulf of California. Bahia de Tepoca, Sonora: F. Baker (Schmitt). Bahia Mulegé: (Lockington). Bahia Concep- cién: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Isla San José: (Lockington). Pulmo Reef: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Rick- etts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Lectotype: Male, 6.4 mm in length by 6.9 mm in width, in Paris Museum, labelled “Pezrolisthes setimanus Lockington. Californie—Lock- ington 6-99 (Type).” This specimen is hereby designated lectotype at the request of Mr. Jacques Forest. Diagnosis: Carapace practically devoid of hairs; carpus covered with large granules, depressed or obsolescent on anterior two-thirds and strongly projecting on posterior third, its anterior margin with three strong granular teeth; manus with rounded granules, its surface and that of carpus thickly covered with long plumose hairs, longer to- ward outer margins; fingers devoid of hairs, nearly smooth; walking legs covered with long plumose hairs and a few scattered, non-plumose setae; telson seven-plated; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long in males, slightly broader (1.1 or 1.2 times) in females; posterolateral and frontal re- gions plicate, surface otherwise smooth or punctate; naked except for traces of pubescence on anterior regions, not visible except under high magnification, or at most with a few long, scattered plumose hairs in occasional specimens. Front rounded in dorsal view, trilobate in frontal view, the median lobe rounded and produced. Outer orbital angle pro- duced into a strong tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece and usually a few fragments. 140 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Movable segments of antenna smooth or lightly granular, without anterior projections; flagellum naked. Merus of chelipeds rugose, with a large, rugose, strongly projecting subtriangular lobe on anterior margin. Anterior margin of carpus with three strong teeth, the proximal one largest, covered with small gran- ules; surface of carpus with large granules, somewhat imbricate, de- pressed or obsolescent in anterior two-thirds, more projecting toward the obliquely rugose posterior margin; covered with plumose hairs, latter longer toward outer margin, sometimes scarcely evident in anterior two- thirds of surface. Manus covered with granules, somewhat smaller than those of carpus and more projecting toward outer margin; covered with plumose hairs, latter longer on outer margins and sometimes ex- tending onto proximal half of pollex. Dactylus long and slender, devoid of hairs; pollex shorter, curved, devoid of hairs at least in distal half; fingers punctate or lightly granular, gaping and crossing at tips in major cheliped, meeting for entire length in minor cheliped, gape with- out pubescence. All segments of walking legs thickly covered with long plumose hairs, a few scattered, non-plumose setae interspersed with them. Telson of abdomen seven-plated in males, sometimes incompletely so in females. A pair of pleopods in male. Material examined: See Table 44. Measurements: Males, 2.9 to 8.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.1 to 8.4 mm; ovigerous females, 3.3 to 8.4 mm. One of Lockington’s types was reported to be 9 mm in length. Color: Color (in alcohol) bright red, deeper on the chelipeds. (Lock- ington) Color in life has not been noted. Ecology: Most of the Velero III and IV material was taken in the intertidal zone, under stones; the species was dredged on one oc- casion in 7 fathoms (substrate not recorded) and once in 25-28 fathoms from a bottom of sand, mud and shell. Steinbeck and Ricketts (1941) reported it from coral interstices and on or about Pinna. The writer has examined ovigerous female specimens taken in every month from January through May. Lockington reported ovigerous fe- males in August or September. Relationships: Pachycheles setimanus is closely related to the west Atlantic species P. serratus (Benedict), 1901, which like it has a seven- plated telson, pleopods present in males, depressed granules on the an- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 141 terior portion of the carpus, and plumose hairs on the carpus and manus of the chelipeds and on the walking legs. In P. serratus the anterior margin of the carpus is not cut into three distinct teeth, and the pubescence covering the chelipeds is finer and thicker than in the Pacific species. Remarks: According to J. Forest (personal communication), the type specimen in the Paris Museum, here designated lectotype, lacks the maxillipeds on the right side. Mr. Forest has compared the type with specimens from the Hancock Foundation, and found them to be identical. Schmitt (1924b) tentatively identified specimens from Bahia de Tepoca as Pachycheles panamensis Faxon. From his discussion it seems probable that this material was actually P. setimanus. Confirmation comes from a specimen, evidently from the same collection, examined by the writer at the U. S. National Museum; this specimen was la- belled Pachycheles panamensis but was found to be P. setimanus. None of the porcellanids from this collection could be located at the California Academy of Sciences, which sponsored the expedition on which they were taken. Range: Throughout the Gulf of California, from San Felipe south to Pulmo Reef; shore, exceptionally to about 28 fathoms. Pachycheles crassus (A. Milne Edwards) Plate 31, fig. 1; text-fig. 4 Porcellana (Pachycheles) crassa A. Milne Edwards, 1869, p. 128, pl. 26, fig. 12 (type locality, Islas de las Perlas, Panama). Ortmann, 1897, p. 294. Pachycheles crassus, Haig, 1957b, p. 5. Previous records: Panama. Islas de las Perlas: (A. Milne Edwards). Colombia. Isla Gorgona: Askoy (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace smooth, shining, devoid of hairs, strongly con- vex from front to back and, in females, markedly broader than long; carpus covered with large, rather flattened granules, its anterior mar- gin with four or five teeth, the proximal one broad and truncate, others narrow, conical, and progressively smaller; manus heavy, swollen, it and fingers covered with large, coarse granules; walking legs almost de- void of hairs; dactylus with two strong fixed spines on posterior mar- 142 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 gin in addition to terminal claw; telson five-plated; no pleopods in male. Description: Carapace markedly broader than long (1.1 or 1.2 times in males, 1.3 to 1.5 in females), very strongly convex front to back; posterolateral regions plicate, carapace otherwise smooth, shining, de- void of hairs. Front transverse in dorsal view, in frontal view faintly trilobate or transverse with a slight median projection. Outer orbital angle forming a small, sharp tooth. Separated portion of side wall con- sisting of one small irregular-shaped piece. Text-fig. 4. Dactyl of walking leg of Pachycheles crassus, x 84. First movable segment of antenna with a low tubercle at anterior margin; second and third smooth; flagellum naked. Chelipeds appearing devoid of hair, but under magnification show- ing a low pile between granules. Merus rugose, with a low rugose crest on anterior margin. Carpus armed on anterior margin with four or five smooth-margined teeth, the proximal one broad and _ truncate, sometimes tending to be divided into two, the others narrow, conical, and progressively smaller in size; surface covered with large, rather flattened and scale-like granules. Manus heavy, swollen, covered with large, coarse granules, more rounded than those of carpus, those to- ward outer margin often pointed, giving the margin a serrate-edged appearance. Fingers covered with granules similar to those of manus; pollex short, conical, and flattened, dactylus strongly curved; fingers meeting for entire length in both chelipeds, gape without pubescence. Walking legs almost devoid of hairs, a few scattered setae on pro- podus and dactylus only. Dactylus with two strong fixed spines on posterior margin in addition to the terminal claw; proximad to them a single movable spinule (see text-fig. +). Telson of abdomen with five plates. No pleopods in male. Material examined: Balboa, Canal Zone, Panama, on reefs; M. Ward, collector; one male, one ovigerous female (U. S. National Mu- seum Cat. No. 77509). COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 143 Bahia Pifias, Panama, 2-4 fathoms; January 29, 1935; Velero III station 444-35; one male, one ovigerous female. Bahia Octavia, Colombia, shore; January 28, 1935; Velero III station 435-35; one male, one ovigerous female. Measurements: Males, 3.2 to 4.9 mm; ovigerous females, 3.3 to 5.7 mm. The following table, which is based on all known specimens, illus- trates the marked difference in the length-width ratio in the two sexes. Males Females Length Width Length Width a2 Soe 53 4.7 3.9 4.7 Sen 5.6 4.5 5.7 (holotype) 4.1 6.2 (Askoy) 4.9 6.2 4.2 5.8 (Askoy) 5.7 7.9 Color: Color of a dry specimen red washed with yellow; tips of the fingers white. (A. Milne Edwards) Ecology: Two Velero III specimens were recovered from coral in shallow water, and two others from coral taken in 2-4 fathoms. Speci- mens taken by the Askoy Expedition were from coral at a depth of 2 to 3.5 fathoms. Habitat data are not available for the holotype or for specimens taken on reefs at Balboa by Melbourne Ward. Ovigerous females were collected in January and in April. Relationships: Pachycheles crassus is closely related to P. acklei- anus A. Milne Edwards, 1880, a western Atlantic species. Both species are transversely elongate, with coarsely granular chelipeds, and both have a five-plated telson and lack male pleopods. In addition, both have strong fixed spines on the posterior margin of the dactylus of the walking legs, somewhat as in Polyonyx; as far as the writer is aware, this character is found in no other members of the genus Pachy- cheles. In P. ackleianus the manus of the cheliped is less swollen than in P. crassus, and there is a distinct tubercle near the base of the pollex, on the distal side of which is a fine pubescence; the granules on the chelipeds tend to form longitudinal rows, instead of being evenly dis- tributed; and there are scattered setae on the merus of the walking legs. Remarks: A specimen was sent to Mr. Jacques Forest of the Paris Museum, who kindly compared it with the holotype and confirmed its identity with the present species. The type, a dry specimen in poor con- dition, is labelled “Mr. de Follin—Ile aux Perles (Panama).” 144 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 The specimens listed under Material Examined, above, plus the holotype and two ovigerous females from the Askoy Expedition, are so far the only known representatives of the species. It is not known whether it is a very rare species or whether its apparent scarcity merely reflects collecting methods. Although most of the material was taken from coral heads, it was not found in abundance as are most porcel- lanid members of the coral community. The closely related Pachy- cheles ackleianus has been taken in quantity from coral heads and sponges dredged in 14 to 37 fathoms; this suggests that P. crassus may normally live under similar conditions. Range: Balboa, Panama, south to Isla Gorgona, Colombia. Pachycheles biocellatus (Lockington) Plate 32, fig. 1 Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) biocellatus Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 403 (type locality, Baja California, exact locality unknown). Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) gibbosicarpus Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 402 (type locality, Baja California, exact locality unknown). Pisosoma aphrodita Boone, 1932, p. 53, text-figs. 17-18 (type locality, Bahia de Gardner, Isla Hood, Galapagos Islands). Pachycheles biocellatus, Glassell, 1937, p. 84 (neotype designated ; neo- type locality, off Arena Bank, Gulf of California) ; 1938a, p. 444. Schmitt, 1939, pp. 16, 25. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 455. Haig, 1957b, p. 4. Previous records: Gulf of California. “Lower California” [probably Gulf]: (Locking- ton). Off Arena Bank: W. Beebe on Zaca (Glassell 1937). Pulmo Reef: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Clipperton Island: Presidential Cruise of 1938 (Schmitt). Colombia. Bahia Humboldt; Isla Gorgona: Askoy (Haig). Ecuador. Isla La Plata: Askoy (Haig). Galapagos Islands. Bahia de Sulivan, Isla James: Presidential Cruise of 1938 (Schmitt). Bahia de Gardner, Isla Hood: W. Beebe on Arcturus (Boone). Diagnosis: Carapace smooth, devoid of hairs; carpus nearly smooth, anterior margin with a broad lamellar lobe, latter indistinctly to dis- tinctly subdivided into three lobes; manus nearly smooth, outer margin with a smooth crest extending onto pollex and defined by a distinct groove; walking legs covered with long setae; telson five-plated; no pleopods in male. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 145 Description: Carapace about as broad as long in males, slightly broader (1.1 or 1.2 times) in females; lightly plicate on posterolateral and frontal regions, otherwise smooth; devoid of hairs. Front in dorsal view either transversely sinuous or with three shallow lobes, the median one broad and rounded, lateral ones narrow, diverging; trilobate in frontal view, the lobes about equal in breadth, lateral ones diverging, median one slightly produced. Outer orbital angle strongly produced into a narrow, acute tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece and numerous fragments. First movable segment of antenna with a conical tubercle on anterior margin; second and third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Chelipeds devoid of hairs. Merus faintly rugose, with a broad, strongly projecting subtriangular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus with a broad, strongly projecting lamellar lobe occupying entire anterior margin, its edge sinuate and forming three indistinct lobes, the proxi- mal one the largest; surface of lobe and carpus nearly smooth, carpus becoming roughened toward posterior margin, latter bearing a distinct, obliquely rugose crest. Manus nearly smooth; outer margin with a smooth crest extending onto pollex, defined by a distinct groove near margin. Fingers smooth, usually slightly gaping in major cheliped, meet- ing entire length in minor cheliped; no pubescence in gape. Walking legs covered with long, flexible setae, more thick-set on three distal segments. Telson of abdomen with five plates. No pleopods in male. Variations: In smaller specimens the lobe on the anterior margin of the carpus is more distinctly divided into three; in occasional large examples it is entire. Material examined: See Table 45. Measurements: Males, 2.8 to 7.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.0 to 5.8 mm; ovigerous females, 2.4 to 6.7 mm. Glassell’s neotype female measures 5.8 mm, his neoallotype male 5.5 mm. The male holotype of Pisosoma aphrodita Boone is 4.0 mm in length. Color: Carapace carmine, slightly darker on frontal and margins. A large white blotch on anterolateral just below eye, and a halfmoon- shaped spot of white on each side of cardiac area. Striations and punctations also white. Eyestalk dark carmine and eye black. Antennule white and last segment yellow. Antenna brownish red, becoming lighter toward tip. Chela very dark carmine, a blackish tint on outer surface. Tips of fingers white. Walking legs same as carapace but with brownish 146 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 tint. Basal portion of merus white, distal end of propodus and dactyl cadmium orange. Ventral side light carmine. (Petersen, of a freshly captured specimen from Islas Secas, Panama) The white-tipped fingers, white spots on the epibranchial “shoul- ders,’ and white areas on the merus of the walking legs are character- istic, and are still visible in most specimens after years in alcohol. The vivid dark carmine coloration of the carapace, also characteristic of live specimens, soon disappears with preservation. Ecology: Specimens have been taken in the littoral and to a depth of 4 fathoms. The species is usually found associated with corals, but also occurs under stones. A single specimen was recovered from sponge dredged in 1-4 fathoms at Acapulco, Mexico. Ovigerous females have been collected in every month from De- cember through July. Relationships: Pachycheles biocellatus is extremely close to P. riisei (Stimpson), 1858, an Atlantic species ranging from the Florida Keys to southern Brazil. Careful comparison of large series of both populations may prove them to be conspecific. Remarks: Lockington made the following statement in his descrip- tion of Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) biocellatus: ‘“The larger of the two specimens measures barely three centimetres in length.” As Glassell (1937) pointed out, “centimetres” in this sentence was undoubtedly an error for ‘millimetres.’ Individuals of 3 mm or less would be small, although not necessarily juveniles, and the fact that Lockington de- scribed the anterior margin of the carpus as being “divided into three low lobes’ makes it even more probable that his description was based on small specimens. Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) gibbosicarpus Lockington has not been pre- viously identified with any known species. It is apparent from the description, however, that Lockington’s type, a 6 mm female, belonged to the same taxon as the smaller individuals described by him as J7- ocellatus. The International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, as re- vised at Copenhagen in 1953, require that when two or more species pub- lished in the same paper and on the same date are united to form a single species, the first reviser must select the name of one of them to be used for that species. Accordingly the name biocellatus is hereby selected in preference to gibbosicarpus, because the former name is al- ready established in the literature. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 147 Glassell (1937) placed Pisosoma aphrodita Boone in the synonymy of Pachycheles biocellatus. The types of Pisosoma aphrodita and the neotypes of Pachycheles biocellatus, all of which were formerly in the collection of the New York Zoological Society, are now housed in the American Museum of Natural History. Range: Isla Espiritu Santo, Gulf of California, south to Isla La Plata, Ecuador; Isabel, Tres Marias, Revillagigedo, Clipperton, and Galapagos Islands. Shore to 4 fathoms. Pachycheles vicarius Nobili Plate 32, fig. 2 Pachycheles vicarius Nobili, 1901b, p. 19 (type locality, Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador). Rathbun, 1910, p. 601. Haig, 1957b, p. 4. Previous records: Colombia. Bahia Humboldt; Isla Gorgona: Askoy (Haig). Ecuador. Bahia de Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Diagnosis: Carapace practically devoid of hairs; surface of carpus with four strong crests defined by deep, narrow grooves, anterior mar- gin with three or four broad, strongly projecting teeth; manus with four similar crests; walking legs thickly covered with plumose hairs; telson seven-plated in males, five-plated or incompletely seven-plated in females; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace slightly broader than long (1.1 times in males, 1.2 or 1.3 in females); plicate on posterolateral regions and usually on frontal regions also, otherwise smooth or lightly punctate; devoid of hairs or with slight traces on frontal region, visible only under high magnification. Front slightly rounded in dorsal view ; trilobate in frontal view, the lateral lobes broad, transverse, median one narrow, conical and slightly produced. Outer orbital angle produced into a small sharp tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece. First movable segment of antenna with a low tubercle on anterior margin; second and third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Merus of chelipeds faintly rugose, with a broad, strongly project- ing, subtriangular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus with three or four broad, strongly projecting, smooth-margined teeth on anterior mar- gin, proximal one the largest, others progressively smaller; dorsal sur- face with four strong crests, defined by deep, narrow grooves: anterior crest broadest, composed of large, flattened, transverse, elliptical tu- 148 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 bercles; second with similar but somewhat more projecting and oblique tu- bercles, crest not extending whole length of carpus but interrupted near distal end, the two grooves defining it joined around its end; third narrow, formed of oblique, strongly projecting, small tubercles, and ending at about same point as second; fourth similar to third, forming the posterior margin of the carpus. Manus with four distinct crests defined by deep grooves, the crests composed of large flattened granules: first extending to base of dactylus; second, joined to it proxi- mally, extending to base of pollex; third nearly to end of pollex; fourth along outer margin of manus and pollex. Fingers gaping in major cheliped, meeting for entire length in minor cheliped; gape without pubescence. Merus of walking legs with a few scattered plumose hairs, other seg- ments thickly covered with plumose hairs on dorsal surface and anterior margins. Telson of abdomen seven-plated in males, five- or incompletely seven-plated in females. A pair of pleopods in male. Variations: In some specimens the tubercles forming the carpal crests are obsolescent, the crests appearing nearly smooth or lightly, obliquely rugose; in others, the two anterior crests may be very low and the grooves defining the other crests shallow. Similarly, the granules forming the manal crests may be obsolescent, the two inner crests nearly absent and the grooves defining the others shallow. In smaller speci- mens the teeth of merus and carpus are somewhat pointed on their ends; in some adults, also, they are pointed and show traces of division. Material examined: See Table 46. Measurements: Males, 2.9 to 4.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.9 to 5.2 mm; ovigerous females, 3.0 to 5.7 mm. The two syntypes exam- ined by the writer measure 4.3 mm (male) and 4.4 mm (ovigerous female). Color: Terracotta red, carapace lighter than chelipeds, with two posterolateral white areas. (Nobili) Ecology: Velero III collectors took this species on two occasions under stones in the intertidal zone. It occurs more commonly in coral, from shore to about 4 fathoms. Ovigerous females have been collected in January, February, and April. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 149 z) Remarks: Specimens from Colombia collected by the Askoy (Haig, 1957b) were the first to be recorded since the original description of the species. Present material extends the range northward to El Salvador. Range: Acajutla, El Salvador, south to Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. Shore to 4 fathoms. Pachycheles marcortezensis Glassell Plate 33, fig. 3 Pachycheles marcortezensis Glassell, 1936, p. 290 (type locality, off Isla Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California) ; 1937, p. 86; 1938a, p. 444. Previous records: Gulf of California. Off Isla Angel de la Guarda: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Arena Bank: Zaca (Glassell 1937). Diagnosis: Carapace covered with non-plumose setae, shorter and more close-set on front; carpus.with four or five long, narrow, slightly falcate teeth on anterior margin, outer half with three even longitudinal rows of small projecting granules, entire surface (including teeth) cov- ered with tufts of short setae becoming plumose in larger specimens; manus covered with small projecting granules and with setae similar to those of carpus; walking legs with long, non-plumose setae; telson five-plated ; no pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long; plicate on postero- lateral regions, otherwise punctate; covered with non-plumose setae forming a short pile on frontal region, longer and more scattered else- where. Front transversely sinuous or with three shallow lobes in dorsal view, distinctly trilobate in frontal view, the lobes about equally pro- jecting. Outer orbital angle produced into a narrow, acute tooth. Sep- arated portion of side wall consisting of one small piece. First movable segment of antenna with a spinule on anterior margin; second with two spinules; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Merus of chelipeds with a strongly projecting, subtriangular lobe on anterior margin, rugose and often armed with a few spinules; lobe and dorsal surface covered with short, non-plumose setae. Carpus with four or five long, narrow teeth on anterior margin, somewhat falcate, the proximal one longest and others progressively shorter; teeth and anterior half of carpus covered with much-flattened granules, appear- ing nearly smooth; posterior half with three even, longitudinal rows of small, strongly projecting granules, a fourth row along posterior 150 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 margin; entire carpus, including teeth, covered with short setae arising in tufts from distal side of each granule. Manus covered with small projecting granules, arranged in three even longitudinal rows below pollex; a fourth along outer margin, extending to tip of pollex; a group of somewhat larger granules near inner margin; arising from the dis- tal end of each granule a tuft of short setae, these setae, and those of carpus, showing a slight plumosity in larger specimens; a few scattered longer setae near outer margin. Fingers with somewhat flat- tened small granules, outer margins serrate, devoid of setae; gaping slightly in major cheliped, meeting entire length in minor cheliped, gape devoid of hairs. All segments of walking legs with an anterior fringe of long setae. Telson of abdomen with five plates. No pleopods in male. Material examined: See ‘Table 47. Measurements: Males, 2.9 to 5.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.2 to 4.5 mm; ovigerous females, 3.1 to 4.5 mm. The ovigerous female holotype measures 4.8 mm long, 5.2 mm wide. Color: Color in alcohol red mottled with white; bristles a straw color. (Glassell, 1936) Ecology: Velero III collectors obtained this species at two shore stations, under stones in one case and from coral in the other. It is otherwise known from depths of 2 to 45 fathoms, where it has been dredged on various substrates such as sand, shell, sand and gravel, sand and corallines, and coral and nullipores. It was taken by the Zaca at 40 fathoms from a bottom of mud and shell. “This species frequents a rather rough bottom, where it is able to secure shelter.’’ (Glassell, 1937) | Ovigerous females have been collected in January, February, and March. Range: Bahia de Santa Maria, Baja California; Gulf of Cali- fornia, from Isla Angel de la Guarda south to Arena Bank. Shore to 45 fathoms. Pachycheles velerae, new species Plate 11 Type: Holotype, female, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102411, from off Isla Bindloe [Marchena], Galapagos Islands, 20 fathoms ; December 3, 1934; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1935 at Velero. III station 311-35.. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 151 Diagnosis: Carapace covered with long, scattered non-plumose setae except on frontal region, the latter practically devoid of hairs; carpus with three strongly projecting teeth on anterior margin, inner half with a series of transverse ridges, outer half with three longitudinal rows of strongly projecting granules, a series of transverse ridges between these rows, surface and teeth with scattered, long, non-plumose setae; manus covered with small projecting granules, proximal half with long, non-plumose setae; walking legs with short plumose hairs and long, non-plumose setae; telson five-plated in females; males unknown. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, slightly convex front to back; plicate on posterolateral regions, elsewhere punctate; covered with long, scattered, non-plumose setae, but only a trace of hairs ap- parent on frontal region. Front in dorsal view rather strongly project- ing, shallowly trilobate, the lateral lobes produced beyond eye, nar- row, diverging, median lobe broad, slightly more produced than lateral lobes, with a shallow sulcus; in frontal view strongly trilobate, the lobes about equal in breadth, median one slightly more produced; faintly granulate on edge, the granules produced to form about six minute spinules at the tip of each lobe. Orbits deep; outer orbital angle produced into a narrow, acute tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one small piece. First movable segment of antenna with a high, broad spinule occu- pying most of anterior margin; second with a smaller spinule at distal end of anterior margin; third without anterior projection; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Merus of chelipeds lightly rugose on dorsal surface, with a broad, rugose, strongly projecting subtriangular lobe, a blunt spine at its tip, on anterior margin; ventral surface smooth. Carpus armed on anterior margin with three teeth (a trace of a fourth present in major cheliped), broad, strongly projecting, slightly curved, proximal one largest, others progressively smaller; surface of teeth covered with small, crowded granules; inner half of carpus with a series of distinct transverse ridges, followed distally by several flattened granules; outer half with three even, longitudinal rows of small granules, latter strongly projecting and tending to be obliquely elongate; between the rows, series of short transverse ridges similar to those on inner half of sur- face; posterior margin obliquely rugose, the rugae forming strong ridges and extending onto outer margin of ventral surface, latter other- wise smooth; dorsal surface of carpus and teeth with a few scattered, long, flexible non-plumose setae. Manus covered with small, strongly 152 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 projecting granules, those on outer margin arranged in an even longi- tudinal row extending onto pollex; near base of pollex a small tubercle, covered with similar granules; outer margin with a sharp, granulate ridge; proximal half of surface with long, flexible, non-plumose setae, somewhat more abundant than those of carpus; distal half, as well as fingers, devoid of hairs. Fingers covered with flattened granules, dactylus with a small conical tubercle at proximal end of cutting edge; gaping slightly in major cheliped, meeting entire length in minor chel- iped, gape with a trace of pubescence. Walking legs slightly rugose; all segments with short plumose hairs and scattered, long, non-plumose setae. Abdomen smooth; telson five-plated in females. Males unknown. Measurements: Holotype female: length about 3.8 mm. Because of the soft-shelled condition of the carapace, measurements could not be determined with accuracy. Ecology: The holotype was dredged at 20 fathoms from a rocky sub- strate. Deep water is presumably the natural habitat of the species, as is the case with its closest relatives, Pachycheles marcortezensis and P. rugimanus. Relationships: Although not strictly analogous to either, Pachy- cheles velerae is closely related to P. marcortezensis Glassell and to an Atlantic species, P. rugimanus A. Milne Edwards, 1880. All three forms have a somewhat projecting, trilobate front without a tuft and are pro- vided with strong, narrow teeth on the anterior margin of the carpus. All inhabit fairly deep water; P. marcortezensis is known to a depth of 45 fathoms, P. rugimanus to 79 fathoms. In P. marcortezensis both carpus and manus are covered with small projecting granules, and in P. rugimanus both have strong longitudinal ridges with rows of trans- verse ridges between them; in this respect the new species is inter- mediate between the other two. P. rugimanus lacks the hairs on the carapace and chelipeds which are characteristic of both P. marcortez- ensis and P. velerae. The former two species have five plates in the telson in both sexes; the same will probably prove to be true of the new species. Male pleopods are present in P. rugimanus and lacking in P. marcortezensis. Remarks: It is unfortunate that Pachycheles velerae is known from a single female specimen, which is soft-shelled and probably undersized as well. It is believed, however, that most of the descriptive characters given here will prove to be valid when more material becomes avail- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 153 able. The species should be looked for in depths of 10 fathoms and greater, in the Galapagos Islands and the adjacent mainland. The new species is named in honor of the research vessel Velero III, from which, during the years 1932 through 1941, many biological novelties were collected. Range: Known only from the type locality, off Isla Bindloe, Gala- pagos Islands. Pachycheles spinidactylus Haig Plate 33, fig. 2 Pachycheles spinidactylus Haig, 1957a, p. 31, pl. 7, figs. 1-4 (type locality, Islas Las Tres Marietas, Bahia de Las Banderas, Mex- ico); 1957b, p. 3. Previous records: Mexico. Isla Isabel: (Haig 1957a). Islas Las Tres Marietas, Bahia de Las Banderas: J. W. Knudsen (Haig 1957a). Acapulco: (Haig 1957a). Colombia. Bahia Humboldt: Askoy (Haig 1957b). Diagnosis: Carapace with a tuft of plumose and non-plumose hairs on front; carpus covered with small conical tubercles with tufts of long, stiff, non-plumose setae surrounded by clumps of short plumose hairs arising from their bases, its anterior margin with three (occasionally four) teeth; manus and fingers with similar stiff, non-plumose setae and plumose hairs; walking legs with long plumose hairs and a few non-plumose setae; telson seven-plated in males, five-plated or incom- pletely seven-plated in females; no pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as long as broad or slightly broader; posterolateral regions plicate, surface otherwise faintly rugose; front with a tuft of plumose and non-plumose hairs, scattered short hairs else- where anteriorly. Front narrow, rounded or sinuous in dorsal view, trilobate in frontal view, the median lobe somewhat produced. Outer orbital angle produced into a low, broad tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece and sometimes a number of fragments. First movable segment of antenna with a tubercle, sometimes spine- tipped, on anterior margin; second and third granular; flagellum naked. Merus of chelipeds rugose, anterior margin with a broad, rugose, strongly projecting, granulate-edged lobe, sometimes obscurely bifid at tip. Carpus armed on anterior margin with three spine-tipped teeth, a fourth occasionally present; dorsal surface covered with small conical 154 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 tubercles, larger and more projecting toward posterior margin, with tufts of long, stiff, non-plumose setae surrounded by clumps of short plumose hairs arising from their bases; posterior margin often with a fringe of long plumose hairs. Manus and fingers of both chelipeds cov- ered with tubercles and hairs similar to those of carpus; granules along outer margins of manus elongate and pointed, forming a serrate edge. Fingers with a row of rounded or pointed tubercles near outer margins, usually in the form of spines; gaping in major cheliped, meeting for entire length in minor cheliped, gape with short plumose and non-plu- mose hairs. All segments of walking legs with long plumose hairs, and a few long, scattered non-plumose setae. Telson of abdomen seven-plated in males, five-plated or incompletely seven-plated in females. No pleopods in male. Material examined: See Table 48. Measurements: Males, 2.4 to 7.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.9 to 5.8 mm; ovigerous females, 3.5 to 8.2 mm. The male holotype is 7.3 mm in length, 7.7 mm in width. Color: Alcoholic specimens are reddish orange, tips of fingers white, setae straw-colored. Ecology: Occurs in the intertidal zone, occasionally under stones but more often in coral heads; it has been taken from coral to depths of 4 fathoms. Two specimens were recovered from sponge dredged in 1-4 fathoms at Acapulco, Mexico. Ovigerous females have been collected in January, February, March, and April. Relationships: Pachycheles spinidactylus is most closely related to two Atlantic species, P. pilosus (H. Milne Edwards), 1837, from South Carolina, Florida, and the Caribbean area, and P. barbatus A. Milne Edwards, 1878, from west Africa. All three species are distinguished by the presence of long, stiff, non-plumose setae and short plumose hairs on the chelipeds, tubercles on the surface of the carpus, and three or more teeth on the anterior margin of the carpus. The two Atlantic species differ from P. spinidactylus in having a five-plated telson in both sexes. P. pilosus has no tuft of mixed plumose and non-plumose hairs on the front as in P. spinidactylus, but instead has short, non- plumose bristles over the surface of the carapace, more concentrated in the frontal region. In P. barbatus male pleopods are present. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 155 Range: Bahia de Santa Maria, Baja California; Isla Isabel; Cabo San Lucas at the mouth of the Gulf of California south to Puerto Utria, Colombia. Shore to 4 fathoms. Pachycheles panamensis Faxon Plate 33, fig. 1 Pachycheles panamensis Faxon, 1893, p. 175 (type locality, Panama [City?]) ; 1895, p. 71, pl. 15, figs. 2, 2a. Ortmann, 1897, p. 293 (part). Nobili, 1901b, p. 19. Rathbun, 1910, p. 601. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 456, pl. 29, fig. 2. Not Schmitt, 1924b, p. 385. Pachycheles sonorensis Glassell, 1936, p. 291 (type locality, Bahia Miramar near Guaymas, Sonora, Gulf of California) ; 1937, p. 86; 1938a, p. 444. Previous records: Gulf of California. Bahia Miramar near Guaymas, Sonora: S. A. Glas- sell (Glassell 1936). Off Arena Bank: W. Beebe on Zaca (Glassell 1937). Pulmo Reef: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Panama. “Panama” [City?]: Albatross (Faxon) ; (Ortmann). Ecuador. Bahia de Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Diagnosis: Carapace covered with short, non-plumose setae; car- pus covered with short rugae or flattened granules and with short, non- plumose setae, its anterior margin with two distinct teeth (a third oc- casionally present) ; manus and fingers covered with long, non-plumose setae; walking legs with long, non-plumose setae; telson seven-plated ; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, in females slightly broader (1.1 times, rarely 1.2), posterolateral regions plicate, otherwise smooth or punctate ; surface covered with short, non-plumose setae, more distinct on anterior regions and particularly on front. Front rather broad, rounded or sinuously triangular in dorsal view, faintly trilobate in frontal view, the median lobe produced. Outer orbital angle produced into a strong tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece, one smaller piece, and several very small fragments. First movable segment of antenna with a distal tubercle on anterior margin; second granular, with a few short setae; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Mertus of chelipeds rugose, with a large, strongly projecting, rugose, subtriangular lobe on anterior margin. Anterior margin of carpus with 156 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 two strong, granulate-edged teeth, a third occasionally present; surface covered with short rugae or much-flattened granules, more project- ing toward posterior margin, and with short, non-plumose setae. Manus and fingers granulate and covered with long, non-plumose setae; fingers long and slender, gaping in major cheliped, meeting for entire length in minor cheliped, gape with long setae extending onto ventral surface of manus near articulation with dactylus. All segments of walking legs with long setae. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. A pair of pleopods in male. Variations: Occasional female specimens have the telson of the abdo- men incompletely seven-plated; however, this condition was observed only three or four times among the 50 females examined and cannot be considered characteristic. Material examined: See Table 49. Measurements: Males, 3.0 to 8.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.1 to 6.5 mm; ovigerous females, 2.3 to 8.5 mm. The ovigerous female holo- type of Pachycheles panamensis measures 6.5 mm in length by 7.0 mm in breadth; the male holotype of P. sonorensis, 7.0 by 7.5 mm. Color: Ground color in alcohol a pink-tinted cream overlaid with numerous small, red, irregular spots; lighter on the ventral side, but still spotted. (Glassell, 1937, of Pachycheles sonorensis) Ecology: Occurs most commonly in the intertidal zone, under stones and in interstices of coral. The Velero III dredged it from a sand bot- tom at 4 fathoms off La Libertad, Ecuador, and Velero IV collectors re- covered it from masses of sponge dredged in 1-4 fathoms off Acapulco, Mexico. Ovigerous females have been encountered in every month from De- cember through April. Remarks: Steinbeck and Ricketts (1941, p. 456) noted that, ac- cording to a personal communication from S. A. Glassell, the latter writer's Pachycheles sonorensis is a synonym of P. panamensis. The types of both nominal species were examined in connection with this report. Specimens from the Bahamas identified by Ortmann (1897, p. 293) as Pachycheles panamensis are almost certainly not this species, which has not otherwise been reported from the Atlantic coast. Ortmann’s specimens may have been P. pilosus (H. Milne Edwards), the only west- ern Atlantic porcellanid with which P. panamensis might be confused. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 157 One of the specimens examined, an ovigerous female from San Fran- cisco, Panama, had the walking legs infested by a rhizocephalan (Thompsonia sp.). Range: Isla Tiburon, Gulf of California, south to Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador; Isla Isabel, Mexico. Shore to 4 fathoms. Pachycheles trichotus, new species Plate 12; plate 32, fig. 3 Types: Holotype, male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102412, from Isla Verde, Panama; January 9, 1939; collected by students of Elinor D. Robson. Paratypes: Acajutla, El Salvador; April 23, 1912; collected by R. Paessler; two ovigerous females (Hamburg Museum Cat. No. K26836). Diagnosis: Carapace with a few short plumose and non-plumose hairs on front; carpus nearly smooth except near posterior margin, cov- ered with short non-plumose setae and with a few long plumose hairs at posterior margin, anterior margin with two teeth; manus nearly smooth, covered with short non-plumose setae, outer margin with a few long plumose hairs; walking legs with long plumose hairs; telson seven- plated in males, incompletely so in females; no pleopods in male. Description: Carapace slightly (1.1 times) broader than long, sur- face uneven, regions distinct, plicate on posterolateral and frontal re- gions, otherwise smooth or punctate; front covered with a few very short plumose and non-plumose hairs, traces of hairs occurring else- where anteriorly. Front rounded in dorsal view, faintly trilobate in frontal view, the median lobe slightly produced. Outer orbital angle pro- duced into a small, distinct tooth. Separated portion of side wall con- sisting of one large piece. First movable segment of antenna with a small, broadly rounded, anterior projection; second and third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Merus of cheliped with short rugae or small flattened granules on dorsal surface; anterior margin with a large, rugose, subtriangular lobe on anterior margin, finely serrate on edge; ventral surface smooth. Carpus armed on anterior margin with two distinct, serrate-edged teeth, about equal in size, a trace of a third tooth sometimes present; teeth and anterior half of dorsal surface nearly smooth, posterior proximal half with two longitudinal rows of strongly projecting small granules; a double row of similar granules along posterior margin; surface cov- 158 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 ered with short non-plumose setae, and a few longer plumose hairs along posterior margin; ventral surface smooth. Manus nearly smooth dor- sally, with projecting granules toward outer margin; covered with short non-plumose setae, those toward outer margin a little longer than those of carpus, and outer margin with a few long plumose hairs; ventral sur- face granulate toward outer margin, otherwise smooth. Dactylus of ma- jor cheliped strongly curved, with three longitudinal rows of small gran- ules on dorsal surface, and a few plumose and non-plumose hairs near proximal end; cutting edge with a double row of small granules and a large proximal tubercle; pollex shorter than dactylus, broad and _flat- tened, with non-plumose setae nearly to tip, and a large tubercle on cutting edge; fingers slightly gaping, gape with a few short plumose hairs. Dactylus of minor cheliped finely granular, with a few short, scattered, non-plumose setae near proximal end; pollex broad and flat- tened, roughly granular, with somewhat longer non-plumose setae ex- tending nearly to tip, outer edge serrate; fingers meeting for entire length, gape with a trace of plumose hairs. Walking legs faintly rugose; all segments with a thick fringe of long plumose hairs along anterior margin. Abdomen smooth; telson seven-plated in males, incompletely so in females. No pleopods in male. Measurements: Holotype male: length 4.7 mm, width 5.4 mm. Para- type ovigerous females: length 4.7 mm, width 5.3 mm; length 4.8 mm, width 5.3 mm. Color: In alcohol all three specimens had faded to a pale buff, and original distinguishing marks, if any, had disappeared. Ecology: No data were provided for either collecting station. Pre- sumably the specimens were taken in the intertidal zone, probably under stones. The ovigerous female paratypes were taken in April. Relationships: ‘This new species resembles Pachycheles panamensis Faxon, but differs in the shape of the fingers, the presence of plumose hairs on the front, chelipeds, and walking legs, and the absence of male pleopods. Remarks: The specific name trichotus is derived from the Greek TpltxwTos, hairy. Range: Known so far from only two localities, Acajutla, El Salva- dor, and Isla Verde, Panama. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 159 Pachycheles subsetosus, new species Plate 13; plate 32, fig. 4 Types: Holotype, male, Hamburg Museum Cat. No. K27053, from Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 6-8 fathoms; 1894; collected by L. Leibfarth. Paratypes: same data as holotype, one male, two females (one oviger- ous), two young (Hamburg Museum Cat. No. K7559) ; one male and one ovigerous female, Allan Hancock Foundation. Diagnosis: Carapace with a tuft of plumose and non-plumose hairs on front; anterior margin of carpus with a broad, granulate- or serrate- edged lobe, surface nearly smooth except near posterior margin, with a few scattered, non-plumose setae; manus nearly smooth, covered with long, stiff, non-plumose setae; walking legs with wide-set plumose hairs and long, stiff, non-plumose setae; telson seven-plated in males, five- plated or incompletely seven-plated in females; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, slightly broader (1.1 times) in females; strongly convex front to back, surface uneven, re- gions distinct, plicate on posterolateral regions, otherwise covered with punctae and short rugae; front with a tuft of plumose and non-plumose hairs, carapace otherwise naked except for vestigial hairs arising from punctae and rugae. Front rounded in dorsal view, trilobate in frontal view, the median lobe rather strongly produced. Outer orbital angles produced into a small tooth. Side wall rugose, covered with long plumose hairs; separated portion consisting of numerous small pieces. First movable segment of antenna lightly granular, with a low tu- bercle on anterior margin; second and third lightly granular, without projections; flagellum naked. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose, ischium covered with long plumose hairs. Merus of chelipeds rugose on dorsal surface, with a broad, rugose, subtriangular lobe on anterior margin; a fringe of plumose hairs near posterior margin; ventral surface smooth. Anterior margin of carpus produced into a rounded, granulate- or serrate-edge lobe, not cut into teeth; lobe and anterior two-thirds of surface nearly smooth, covered with very short rugae similar to those of carapace, and with small pro- jecting granules, forming irregular longitudinal rows, near posterior margin; a few scattered non-plumose setae on carpus and lobe; ventral surface smooth. Manus nearly smooth, except for a few small, strongly projecting tubercles; covered with very short rugae, granular toward outer margin, the granules projecting there to form a serrate edge; surface rather thickly covered with long, stiff, non-plumose setae; ven- 160 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 tral surface with flattened granules, devoid of setae except for traces near outer margins. Fingers covered with punctae and very short rugae, occasionally with one or two setae, otherwise devoid of hairs. In males, dactylus of major cheliped strongly curved, cutting edge with a large proximal tubercle; pollex slightly curved, broad, and flattened, cutting edge with a large proximal tubercle; fingers gaping except at tip, gape with traces of plumose hair. In minor cheliped (males) and both major and minor chelipeds (females), dactylus and pollex straight, slender, without tubercles or teeth on cutting edge, meeting for entire length, crossing at tips, gape without pubescence. Walking legs faintly rugose or punctate, all segments with an an- terior fringe of wide-set plumose hairs, surface of carpus and propodus with long, stiff, non-plumose setae. Abdomen smooth or punctate; telson of male seven-plated, that of female five- or incompletely seven-plated. A pair of pleopods in male. Measurements: Holotype male: length 5.4 mm; width 5.9 mm. Para- types: males, 3.9 and 5.9 mm; non-ovigerous female, 6.8 mm; ovigerous females, 5.2 and 5.6 mm; young, to 2.8 mm. Color: All specimens had faded in alcohol, and no markings were visible. Ecology: Taken at 6-8 fathoms, the bottom not recorded. Relationships: ‘This new species does not closely resemble any other eastern Pacific form, nor does it appear to be closely allied to any of them. Remarks: The specific name is from the Latin sub-, somewhat, and setosus, bristly. Range: Known only from the type locality, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Pachycheles monilifer (Dana) Plate 33, fig. 4 Restricted synonymy: Porcellana rugosimanus White, 1847, p. 63 (nomen nudum). Porcellana monilifera Dana, 1852, p. 413; 1855, pl. 26, fig. 3 (type locality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Pachycheles moniliferus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Pachycheles monilifer, Rathbun, 1900, p. 148. Previous records: None from the Pacific coast. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 161 Diagnosis: Carapace with a tuft of plumose hairs on front; chel- ipeds with three longitudinal rows of large, flattened, imbricate tuber- cles, spaces between tubercles filled with a fine, short pubescence; carpus with three distinct tubercle-covered teeth on anterior margin; fingers of major cheliped widely gaping, hiatus fil’ed with a long, thick tuft of plumose hairs; walking legs thickly covered with long plumose hairs; telson five-plated; no pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long in males, very slightly broader in females; posterolateral regions plicate, rest of surface punc- tate; a tuft of fine plumose hairs extending beyond margin of front, carapace otherwise devoid of hairs except for traces visible under high magnification. Front narrow, rounded in dorsal view, trilobate in fron- tal view, the median lobe produced. Outer orbital angle produced into a strong tooth. Separated portion of side wall usually consisting of one large piece and a number of fragments. First movable segment of antenna slightly roughened, with a tuber- cle on anterior margin; second and third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Merus of chelipeds rugose, a few large, flattened tubercles near posterior margin, anterior margin with a low, subtriangular lobe cov- ered with rugae. Anterior margin of carpus with three distinct tubercle- covered teeth, the proximal one largest; surface covered with large, flattened, imbricate tubercles, arranged in three more or less regular longitudinal rows; a fourth row of much elongated tubercles along pos- terior margin; spaces between the tubercles filled with a fine, thick, short pubescence. Manus with three longitudinal rows of similar tubercles, the outer row double and extending onto pollex; several smaller tuber- cles near inner margin, and a row of elongated ones along outer margin, extending into strong rugae covering the outer part of the ventral sur- face; spaces between tubercles filled with pubescence, as in carpus. Dactylus with tubercles and flattened granules nearly to tip. Fingers of major cheliped gaping, not nearly meeting, the hiatus filled with a long, thick tuft of plumose hairs; fingers of minor cheliped meeting entire length or nearly so, gape with only traces of pubescence. Anterior margin of merus of walking legs with a thick, long fringe of fine plumose hairs; similar hairs on dorsal surface, as well as an- terior margin, of three following segments. Telson of abdomen with five plates. No pleopods in male. Variations: In small specimens, the tubercles on the chelipeds tend to be lower and less imbricate, and the felty pubescence between them 162 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 is often reduced to a vestige. In very small examples, the major chel- iped has the same shape as the minor, with the hiatus between the fingers not present; however, the thick tuft of pubescence character- istic of the major cheliped may be seen in even the youngest specimens. Material examined: Off beach at La Libertad, Ecuador, 4 fathoms; January 19, 1933; Velero III station 12-33; one young female. Measurements: The single juvenile specimen measured 2.6 mm. The Hancock Foundation collections include Atlantic coast males to 8.6 mm, females to 9.0 mm in length. Ecology: The Pacific coast specimen was dredged in 4 fathoms from a sand bottom. In the Atlantic, the species is known in the in- tertidal zone and to a depth of 18 fathoms. It has been found on algae (Fucus). Remarks: The above description was prepared from a series of nine specimens from Hillsboro Reef, Florida, and Isla Cubagua, Venezuela, in the collections of the Hancock Foundation. The juvenile female from Ecuador agrees in every respect with specimens of Pachycheles monilifer of comparable size, and is therefore tentatively referred to this species. The exact determination of its status, whether P. monilifer or a closely related but distinct form, must await recovery of adult ma- terial from the Pacific coast. Range: Recorded for the first time from the Pacific coast, at La Libertad, Ecuador. Known in the Atlantic from Hillsboro Reef, Florida, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pachycheles pubescens Holmes Plate 34, fig. 3 Pachycheles pubescens Holmes, 1900, p. 110 (type localities, Drakes Bay, Farallon Islands, and Humboldt County, California). Rath- bun, 1904, p. 168. Schmitt, 1921, p. 177, pl. 33, fig. 4; text-fig. 112. Johnson and Snook, 1927, p. 350. Glassell, 1935, p. 105; 1938a, p. 444. Hart, 1940, p. 92; 1953, p. 140. Light, 1954, pp. 183, 186, text-fig. 90e. Not Balss, 1913, p. 32, text-figs. 22-24. Previous records: British Columbia. Goose Island (Hart 1953). Nuchatlitz Inlet and Es- peranza Inlet, Vancouver Island: E. G. Hart (Hart 1940). Washington. Port Orchard, Puget Sound: (Schmitt). COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 163 California: Humboldt County; Drakes Bay: (Holmes). Oakland: H. Hemphill (Schmitt). Farallon Islands: (Holmes). Monterey Bay: (Schmitt). Baja California. Ensenada: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1935). Diagnosis: Carapace with a tuft of plumose hairs on front; cheli- peds covered with short plumose hairs and scattered tufts of long, stiff, non-plumose setae; anterior margin of carpus with three or four shallow, uneven, serrate teeth; manus covered with large granules nearly concealed by pubescence; walking legs with long plumose hairs; telson seven-plated; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace slightly broader than long, strongly convex front to back, plicate on posterolateral regions, otherwise punctate; naked except for a tuft of plumose hairs on front, and sometimes traces of pubescence in young specimens. Front narrow, sinuously triangular in dorsal view, trilobate in frontal view, the median lobe produced. Outer orbital angle produced into a tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece and a number of fragments. First movable segment of antenna with a pointed tubercle or spinule on anterior margin; second granular; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked. Merus of chelipeds with short rugae or flattened granules; an- terior margin with a strongly projecting, subtriangular lobe covered with small imbricate granules. Carpus with a broad lobe on anterior margin, cut into three or four uneven, serrate teeth; lobe and surface of carpus covered with small, flattened granules, latter tending to be- come enlarged and elongate near and along posterior margin. Manus and fingers covered with large, coarse granules, projecting more to- ward outer margins. Entire surface of chelipeds thickly covered with short plumose hairs, arising in groups from the distal end of each gran- ule; carpus, manus, and fingers with scattered tufts of long, stiff, non- plumose setae. Fingers gaping but slightly in major cheliped, meeting entire length in minor cheliped; gape thickly covered with short plu- mose hairs, more pronounced in major cheliped and extending along cutting edges of fingers nearly to their tips. Merus of walking legs with a fringe of plumose hairs on anterior margin; carpus and propodus covered with similar hairs, scattered long, non-plumose setae interspersed with them. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. A pair of pleopods in male. Material examined : See ‘Table 50. 164 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Measurements: Males, 4.6 to 14.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.8 to 9.9 mm; ovigerous females, 6.0 to 14.1 mm. The length of one of the types, sex not stated, was reported to be 15 mm (Holmes). Schmitt gave the length of a specimen as 18 mm. Color: “The carapace is brick red in formalin, except for the ros- trum and posterior margin, which is grey mottled with brown. The granules on the chelae are white and the inner margin is reddish.” (Hart, 1940) Ecology: It will be observed from the table of material examined that, with one exception, all collecting localities from Oregon to Cayu- cos, San Luis Obispo County, California, were in the littoral; and all mainland localities south of this point, again with a single exception, were dredge stations with depths of 5 to 30 fathoms, as were those around the northern Santa Barbara islands off the California coast. Apparently the species normally inhabits the intertidal zone in the cold- temperate, and deeper waters in the warm-temperate part of its range. Most of the littoral specimens collected in Oregon were taken during minus tides. The substrates recorded for the dredge stations are as fol- lows: sand; sand and rock; rock with kelp; rock and corallines; rock and sand; gravel; shell; sand and kelp. Ovigerous females were collected in February, March, June, July, August, and December. Remarks: Melin (1939, pp. 114-115) and Miyake (1943, p. 106) showed that specimens from Japan referred to Pachycheles pubescens by Balss (1913) belong to a distinct species. The western Pacific form, which Miyake (1943) named Pachycheles balssi, does not appear to be closely related to the present species. Range: Goose Island, British Columbia, south to Thurloe Head, Baja California; off San Miguel and Santa Rosa Islands, California. Shore to 30 fathoms. Pachycheles crinimanus, new species Plate 14; plate 34, fig. 4 Pachycheles grossimanus, Rathbun, 1910, p. 559 (part). Not P. grossi- manus (Guérin). Previous records: Peru. Bahia de Sechura W of Matacaballa: R. E. Coker (Rathbun). Types: Holotype, male, Allan Hancock Foundation Cat. No. 3815, from Bahia de Sechura, Peru, 914 fathoms; February 15, 1938; col- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 165 lected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1938 at Velero IIT station 845-38. Paratypes: 94 specimens from the same and nine other stations (see Table 51). Specimens collected by R. E. Coker at Bahia de Sechura and by W. L. Schmitt on October 23-24 at Salaverry are not designated paratypes, since they were not at hand during the drawing up of the description. Diagnosis: Carapace with a tuft of plumose hairs on front; anterior margin of carpus with two to four granulate-edged teeth; manus cov- ered with small granules, that of major cheliped with vestigial plumose hairs or a short pile, that of minor cheliped with a thick pile and with scattered long, flexible, non-plumose setae; walking legs with long plumose hairs; telson seven-plated; no pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long or very slightly broader; strongly convex front to back, surface slightly uneven, lightly plicate on posterolateral regions, otherwise punctate; front with a tuft of plumose hairs, carapace otherwise naked except for traces of pubes- cence revealed, under high magnification, as very short tufts arising from punctae. Front narrow, rounded in dorsal view, trilobate in fron- tal view, the median lobe produced. Orbits deep; outer orbital angle produced into a tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece and sometimes several very small ones. First movable segment of antenna granular, with a tubercle on an- terior margin; second granular; third nearly smooth; flagellum with very short hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds faintly rugose, ischium usually covered with scattered short hairs. Merus of chelipeds rugose dorsally, with large flattened granules near posterior margin; anterior margin armed with a strongly project- ing, subtriangular lobe, covered with small flattened granules; ventral surface nearly smooth. Carpus with a broad lobe on anterior margin, cut into two to four distinct, granulate-edged teeth, the proximal the largest, others progressively smaller; lobe and upper surface of carpus covered with small granules, latter flattened anteriorly, becoming larger and more projecting near posterior margin, arranged in uneven longi- tudinal rows; surface covered with short plumose hairs arising in groups from the distal end of each granule, usually long enough to conceal all but the most projecting granules, but only scattered plumose hairs pres- ent in small specimens; ventral surface nearly smooth. Manus of major cheliped with small granules, flattened on inner side, larger and more projecting near outer margin; on fingers, the granules tending to be- 166 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 come flattened and imbricate; dactylus long, slender, curved, with a double row of small tubercles and a large proximal tubercle on cutting edge; pollex short, conical; hand with a pile like that of carpus, this pile extending onto pollex, or at least with scattered plumose hairs; fingers gaping, gape thickly covered with plumose hairs, latter sometimes extending along cutting edges of fingers nearly to tips. Manus and fingers of minor cheliped with small granules; pollex, inner half of dactylus, and almost entire surface of manus densely covered with plu- mose hairs, always longer and thicker than those of major cheliped ; in- terspersed among the pubescence a few long, scattered, flexible, non- plumose setae; fingers meeting for entire length, gape with a short pubescence, less pronounced than in major cheliped. In both chelipeds, the ventral surface of manus granular, and covered with a short pub- escence near outer margin. Walking legs faintly rugose dorsally, smooth ventrally. Merus with a fringe of long plumose hairs on anterior margin; carpus, propodus, and dactylus covered with long plumose hairs, the latter two segments with a few long non-plumose setae. Abdomen smooth or punctate; telson with seven plates. No pleopods in male. Measurements: Holotype male: length 19.0 mm, width 20.4 mm. Paratypes: males, 2.5 to 19.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.3 to 7.8 mm; ovigerous females, 3.7 to 19.3 mm. Color: No particular color pattern was discernible in any of the specimens examined, all of which had been in alcohol for 20 years or longer. All were a light yellow-buff, with hairs yellow. Ecology: The species was dredged at three Velero III stations in depths of 5 to 914 fathoms, the substrate being sand in two cases and rock in the third. W. L. Schmitt recovered it from wreckage off the beach at Salaverry. A single specimen was taken in the littoral by Velero ITI collectors. Ovigerous females were collected in January and February by the Velero III, in April by R. E. Coker, and in October by W. L. Schmitt. Relationships: Pachycheles crinimanus is closely related to P. grossi- manus (Guérin), which inhabits the same territory, and to P. pubescens Holmes, a northern hemisphere form. Following are the chief char- acters distinguishing the three species: COMPLETE crinimanus Flagellum with very short hairs Ant. margin of carpus with 3-4 (occasionally 2) teeth Manus of major cheliped covered (usually thickly) with short plumose hairs; no long, non-plumose setae Manus of minor cheliped thickly covered with short plumose hairs; a few long, flexible, non- plumose setae Fingers with small, flat- tened granules No male pleopods grossimanus Flagellum naked Ant. margin of carpus with 2 teeth Manus of major cheliped covered with vestigial plumose hairs, occasion- ally a thick, short pile; no long, non-plumose setae Manus of minor cheliped covered with vestigial plumose hairs, occasion- ally a thick, short pile; no long, non-plumose setae Fingers with small, flat- tened granules; nearly smooth Male pleopods present HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 167 pubescens Flagellum naked Ant. margin of carpus with 3-4 teeth Manus of major cheliped thickly covered with short plumose hairs; tufts of long, stiff, non-plumose setae Manus of minor cheliped thickly covered with short plumose hairs; tufts of long, stiff, non- plumose setae Fingers with large, coarse granules Male pleopods present Remarks: Peruvian specimens collected by R. E. Coker and referred by Rathbun (1910) to Pachycheles grossimanus (Guérin) were seen by the present writer at the U. S. National Museum. Those from Bahia de Sechura were found to be P. crinimanus. The specific name is derived from the Latin crinis, hair, and manus, hand. Range: Peru, from Bahia de Sechura south to Bahia de San Juan. Shore to about 10 fathoms. Pachycheles grossimanus (Guérin) Plate 35, fig. 1 Porcellana grossimana Guérin, 1835, p. 116 (type locality, Chile) ; 1838b, p. 8, pl. VII 26, fig. 3 (type locality restricted to Valpa- raiso) ; 1839, p. 176, pl. 52, fig. 3. H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844, p. 34. Nicolet, 1849, p. 198. Dana, 1852, p. 414. Pachycheles grossimanus, Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 99, 259. Ortmann, 1897, pp. 292, 293. Lenz, 1902, p. 748. Rath- bun, 1910, pp. 559, 600, pl. 46, fig. 5 (part). Haig, 1955, pp. 42, 43. Not Porter, 1936a, p. 255, pl. 18. Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892, p. 266, pl. 12, fig. 1 (type locality, Brazil; this locality is incorrect fide Ortmann, 1897, p. 293). 168 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Previous records: Peru. San Lorenzo: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana). North Chincha Island, Islas de Chincha: R. E. Coker (Rathbun). Chile. “Chile”: (Guérin 1835); F. T. Delfin (Haig). Isla Alacran near Arica; Pisagua; Junin; Caleta Buena: R. Paessler (Haig). Iquique: F. Beumer; F. Ringe; Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Cavancha: L. H. Plate (Lenz) ; Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). S of Cavancha near Iquique: R. Paessler (Haig). Punta de Lobos; Tocopilla; Puerto Mejillones del Sur: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Antofagasta: A. Gassmann; R. Paessler (Haig). Taltal: R. Paessler (Haig). Peninsula Coquimbo; Montemar: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Valparaiso: Favorite (Guérin 1838b) ; (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas); U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana) ; Vettor Pisani (Cano). Tumbes: L. H. Plate (Lenz). Bahia San Vicente; W of Rocas Amazonas, Canal Chacao: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace with a tuft of plumose hairs on front; cheli- peds usually with vestigial plumose hairs, these hairs sometimes form- ing a short pile over surface; anterior margin of carpus with lobe cut into two teeth; manus covered with small granules, fingers nearly smooth; walking legs with long plumose hairs; telson seven-plated; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace slightly broader than long, strongly convex front to back, plicate on posterolateral regions, otherwise punctate; naked except for a short tuft of plumose hairs on front. Front narrow, rounded in dorsal view, trilobate in frontal view, the median lobe pro- duced. Outer orbital angle produced into a tooth. Separated portion of side wall consisting of one large piece and numerous small ones. Movable segments of antenna lightly granular, first sometimes with a conical tubercle; flagellum naked. Merus of chelipeds with short rugae and flattened granules; anterior margin with a strongly projecting, subtriangular, granulate lobe. Carpus with a serrate- or granulate-edged lamellar lobe occupying proximal two-thirds of anterior margin, usually divided by a notch near distal end to form two teeth; lobe and carpus covered with small, flattened granules, tending to become enlarged near and along posterior margin, there forming irregular longitudinal rows. Manus covered with gran- ules, somewhat larger, more rounded and more projecting than those of carpus, especially toward outer margin. Fingers with small, much- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 169 flattened granules, dactylus nearly smooth. Entire surface of chelipeds with short plumose hairs, arising in groups from the distal end of each granule; usually these hairs vestigial and visible only under high magni- fication, so that chelipeds appear naked or nearly so, but in occasional specimens forming a short pile obscuring the granules; at greatest length this pile extending about half the length of the pollex. Fingers meeting only at tip in major cheliped, for entire length in minor cheliped; gape filled with a thick pubescence, more pronounced in ma- jor cheliped, on cutting edge of pollex extending nearly to tip. Merus of walking legs with a thick fringe of long plumose hairs on anterior margin; carpus and propodus thickly covered with similar hairs. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. A pair of pleopods in male. Material examined: See Table 52. Measurements: Males, 5.1 to 20.7 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.0 to 14.9 mm; ovigerous females, 7.5 to 20.5 mm. The maximum lengths for male and ovigerous female were attained by specimens from the Lund University Chile Expedition (Haig, 1955). Color: “Spotted with brownish black of different shades and a light red tint, carpus brownish, apex of fingers approaching vermilion.” (Dana, of preserved specimens) Some of the specimens examined by the writer were a pale yellow-buff, while others had a pinkish tinge. In a few individuals there were small, pale orange spots on the carapace and abdomen. Ecology: Pachycheles grossimanus seems to occur almost exclusively in the intertidal zone; two specimens were dredged by the Lund Uni- versity Chile Expedition at Canal Chacao in 40 meters (22 fathoms) from a bottom of small stones. The species has been reported under stones, from holdfasts of algae (Macrocystis and Lessonia), and from the hull of a barge. Ovigerous females have been taken in January, February, May, June, July, October, and November. Range: San Lorenzo, Peru, south to Canal Chacao, Chile. Shore; exceptionally to 22 fathoms. 170 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Pachycheles rudis Stimpson Plate 34, fig. 1 Pachycheles rudis Stimpson, 1858, p. 228 (listed only; type locality, California) ; 1859, p. 76, pl. 1, fig. 5 (description; type localities restricted to Monterey, San Luis Obispo, and near San Francisco). Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 404. Newcombe, 1893, p. 30. Ortmann, 1897, p. 294. Calman, 1898, p. 260. Doflein, 1899, p. 184. Holmes, 1900, p. 109. Nobili, 1901b, p. 18 (part; not Ecuador record). Rathbun, 1904, p. 168, pl. 6, fig. 6. Baker, 1912, p. 102. Taylor, 1912, p. 208. Hilton, 1916, p. 72. Nininger, 1918, p. 41. Schmitt, 1921, p. 176, pl. 33, fig. 2; text-fig. 111. Johnson and Snook, 1927, p. 349, text-fig. 298. Clemens, 1933, p. 50. MacGinitie, 1935, p. 712. Hewatt, 1937, pp. 186, 189; 1938, p. 285; 1946, pp. 191, 193, 194, 195, 200. Glassell, 1938a, p. 444. Ricketts and Calvin, 1939, pp. 94, 106, 178, 236, pl. 46, fig. 105. Hart, 1940, p. 91. Light, 1954, pp. 182, 186, text-fig. 90d. Not Moreira, 1901, pp. 32, 91. Previous records: Alaska. Kodiak (Schmitt). British Columbia. Esperanza Inlet; Nootka Sound; Clayoquot Sound: E. G. Hart (Hart). Clayoquot: C. F. Newcombe (Newcombe). Ucluelet: Macoun (Taylor). Victoria: G. W. Taylor; C. F. New- combe (Newcombe). Washington. Puget Sound: Columbia Univ. Exped. (Calman) ; No- bili). California. Humboldt County; San Francisco Bay: (Holmes). Near San Francisco: Trask (Stimpson 1859). Monterey Bay: F. Do- flein (Doflein). Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay: G. E. Mac- Ginitie (MacGinitie). Cabrillo Point, Monterey Bay: W. G. Hew- att (Hewatt 1937, 1938). Monterey: A. S. Taylor (Stimpson 1859) ; (Holmes). San Luis Obispo: Newberry (Stimpson 1859). Santa Rosa Island: W. G. W. Harford (Lockington) ; (Holmes). Scorpion Harbor, Smugglers Cove, Pelican Bay, and between Pelican Bay and Prisoner’s Harbor, all Santa Cruz Island: W. G. Hewatt and W. Williams (Hewatt 1946). Santa Catalina Island: (Holmes). Laguna Beach: (Baker) ; (Hilton) ; H. H. Nininger (Nininger). San Diego (Schmitt). Baja California. “Lower California’: (Lockington). Ensenada: G. E. MacGinitie (MacGinitie). COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 17 Diagnosis: Carapace with a tuft of non-plumose setae on front; carpus with scattered long plumose hairs and large coarse granules, its anterior margin armed with a broad triangular lobe, nearly entire ex- cept in small specimens; manus covered with long plumose hairs and large coarse granules, and with a large granulate protuberance at base of pollex; walking legs covered with long plumose hairs; telson five- plated; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long (very slightly broader in females), strongly convex front to back, plicate on posterolateral re- gions, otherwise punctate or with flattened granules; naked except for traces of pubescence anteriorly, and very short, thick-set, non-plumose setae on frontal region. Front narrow, sinuously triangular in dorsal view, trilobate in frontal view, the median lobe strongly projecting. Outer orbital angle produced into a broad tooth, sometimes spine- tipped. Separated portion of side wall usually consisting of one small piece. First movable segment of antenna with a tubercle at distal end of anterior margin; second and third granular; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs. Merus of chelipeds rugose and granular; anterior margin with a broad, subtriangular, strongly projecting, granular lobe. Carpus with a broad subtriangular lobe on anterior margin, highest near proximal end; it and rest of dorsal surface covered with scattered long plumose hairs and large coarse granules; surface with three irregular longi- tudinal crests, indistinct on some specimens. Manus and fingers with large coarse granules; a large granular protuberance at base of pollex; surface covered with long plumose hairs, somewhat more thickly than on carpus, the hairs not extending onto fingers except for proximal portion of pollex. Fingers gaping in major cheliped, meeting for entire length in minor cheliped; short plumose hairs along cutting edges, ex- tending nearly to tips. All segments of walking legs with a thick fringe of plumose hairs along anterior margins; dorsal surface of propodus covered with sim- ilar hairs. Telson of abdomen with five plates. A pair of pleopods in male. Variations: In small specimens (about 5 mm and under) the tuber- cle on the anterior margin of the first movable antennal segment is often in the form of a spinule, and two similar spinules are present on the second segment, one at either end of the anterior margin. In small 72 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 specimens, also, the margin of the anterior carpal lobe appears serrate- edged because of distinct granules along it, and the margin may be notched to form two or three teeth; the granular longitudinal crests on the carpus are usually much more distinct ; the tubercle at the base of the pollex is occasionally obsolescent; the granules near the outer margin of the manus tend to form irregular longitudinal rows; and there may be only traces of the long hairs which cover the chelipeds of larger in- dividuals. Material examined: See Table 53. Measurements: Males, 3.4 to 17.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.4 to 14.6 mm; ovigerous females, 4.0 to 17.4 mm. The maximum lengths are considerably greater than that given by Stimpson for one of the type males, 0.43 inches (= 10.9 mm). Color: Specimens preserved in alcohol in the Hancock Foundation collections are light orange, many of them showing spots and blotches of darker orange on the carapace and chelipeds. Ecology: Pachycheles rudis is an almost strictly littoral species; in the intertidal zone it has been found in various situations, such as under stones, in roots of kelp, in sponge cavities, among rock oysters and mussels, beneath sponge and tunicate beds, in the discarded bur- rows of dead boring clams, on pilings, and in discarded shells of bar- nacles. According to MacGinitie (1935), a male and female live together in pairs. Occasional specimens have been taken to a depth of 16 fa- thoms. The Velero IIT dredged it off Santa Rosa Island in 13-16 fathoms from a rock and coralline substrate; IT. A. Burch recovered it from submerged pilings in a depth of 6.5 fathoms at Redondo Beach; he Velero IV took it at Santa Catalina Island in 9-11 fathoms and at Bahia de Colnett in 5-6 fathoms, with the bottom unrecorded in both cases. It may be significant that all the recoveries in depths of 5-16 fathoms were made in the southern part of its range. The Hancock Foundation collections include ovigerous females taken in every month of the year except September. Relationships: ‘This species appears to be most closely related to P. stevensii Stimpson, 1858, which has been reported from Vladivostok, the Kuril Islands, and the colder waters of Japan. P. stevensii lacks the long plumose hairs which decorate the chelipeds of P. rudis; the an- terior margin of the carpus is armed with three or more distinct teeth; and the manus bears three longitudinal grooves and lacks a large tuber- cle at the base of the pollex. > COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 173 Remarks: Moreira (1901) listed Pachycheles rudis from Brazil. The identity of the species on which this record was based is not known. Range: Kodiak, Alaska, south to Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California; Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina Islands off the California coast. Shore; occasionally to 16 fathoms. Pachycheles holosericus Schmitt Plate 34, fig. 2 Pachycheles holosericus Schmitt in Nininger, 1918, p. 39 (not de- scribed), text-fig. 18 (not recognizable to species). Schmitt, 1921, p. 177 (description; type locality, Venice, California) ; pl. 33, fig. 3. Glassell, 1935, p. 105; 1938a, p. 444. Previous records: California. Venice; Long Beach: (Schmitt). Laguna Beach: H. H. Nininger (Nininger) ; (Schmitt). La Jolla; San Diego: (Schmitt). Baja California. Ensenada: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1935). Diagnosis: Carapace with a tuft of plumose hairs on front; carpus with granules concealed by short plumose hairs and with two longitu- dinal rows of small pearly tubercles arising from this pile, its anterior margin armed with a lobe edged with groups of large, pointed, conical granules; manus covered with large coarse granules nearly concealed by a similar pubescence, out of it rising a large granulate protuberance at base of pollex and an irregular longitudinal row of similar protuber- ances near outer margin; walking legs with long plumose hairs; telson five-plated ; a pair of pleopods in male. Description: Carapace about as broad as long (very slightly broader in females), strongly convex front to back, plicate on posterolateral re- gions, otherwise smooth or punctate; naked except for traces of pub- escence anteriorly, and very short, thick-set plumose hairs on frontal region. Front narrow, sinuously triangular in dorsal view, trilobate in frontal view, the median lobe produced. Outer orbital angle produced into a broad tooth. Separated portion of side wall usually consisting of one small piece. First movable segment of antenna with a tubercle at distal end of anterior margin; second and third granular; flagellum naked. Merus of chelipeds rugose and granular; anterior margin with a broad, subtriangular, strongly projecting, granular lobe. Carpus with a 174 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 broad lobe on anterior margin, edged with large, pointed, conical gran- ules arranged in groups, giving the margin an irregular sawtoothed ap- pearance; lobe and rest of surface covered with small granules, latter concealed by short, thick-set plumose hairs; two even, longitudinal rows of small pearly tubercles on dorsal surface and a double row along posterior margin, not concealed by this pubescence. Manus and fingers with large coarse granules; a large, strongly projecting granular pro- tuberance at base of pollex; an irregular longitudinal row of smaller protuberances, composed of groups of pointed tubercles, near outer margin of manus and a double row of tubercles along the margin; sur- face of manus covered with short plumose hairs as in carpus, extend- ing onto proximal two-thirds of pollex and inner proximal fourth of dactylus, and not concealing the tubercles and protuberances. Fingers gaping in major cheliped, meeting for entire length in minor cheliped ; gape in major cheliped with a thick tuft of plumose hairs, extending along cutting edges of fingers nearly to tips; in minor cheliped, gape with shorter and sparser hairs. All segments of walking legs with long plumose hairs; carpus and propodus with short, thick-set, plumose hairs on dorsal surface. Telson of abdomen with five plates. A pair of pleopods in male. Material examined: See Table 54. Measurements; Males, 4.1 to 16.4 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.9 to 12.8 mm; ovigerous females, 4.4 to 15.1 mm. The ovigerous female holotype measures 18 mm in length, 19 mm in width. Color: Specimens preserved in alcohol vary in color from dark rust to pale yellow-buff, with the tips of the fingers nearly white. The thick pile covering the chelipeds usually appears black because of the fine silt with which it is filled. Ecology: Usually occurring under stones in the intertidal zone. It has also been reported among polychaete tubes and from sponge cavi- ties; it was taken by T. A. Burch in 61% fathoms from submerged pil- ings at Redondo Beach. Ovigerous females were encountered in every month from Novem- ber through March, and in June and July. Relationships: Pachycheles rudis Stimpson, which is commonly as- sociated with P. holosericus in the southern part of its range, is closely related to the latter species but may readily be distinguished from it by the much less strongly projecting protuberances and tubercles on the COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 175 chelipeds; by the carpal lobe with its margin nearly entire; and by the long, scattered plumose hairs which decorate the chelipeds. P. holo- sericus is also related to the west African species P. bellus (Osorio), as defined by Chace (1956, p. 11, text-fig. 3). In that species, which like P. holosericus has a five-plated telson and male pleopods, the manus is more swollen and tuberculate than in the eastern Pacific form and there are long plumose hairs on the manus of the minor cheliped in addi- tion to the short pile covering its surface. Range: Santa Barbara, California, south to Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California. CLASTOTOECHUS, new genus Type species: Petrolisthes diffractus Haig, 1957. Carapace rounded, approximately as broad as long; upper surface rough, uneven. Side walls incomplete, the posterior portion consisting of many very small fragments separated by narrow membranous inter- spaces. Front strongly produced, distinctly trilobate. Eyestalks short and stout, retractile. Basal segment of antenna not produced forward to meet anterior margin of carapace; with a small inward projection. Movable segments somewhat nodulate. Basal segment of antennule with three strong, lamellate, anterior lobes. Chelipeds large, flattened, subequal but with fingers sometimes dif- fering in the two chelipeds; carpus longer than broad, its anterior mar- gin armed with prominent teeth. Walking legs of moderate length, somewhat flattened; propodus with movable spinules on posterior margin; dactylus ending in a sim- ple spine, with small, movable, accessory spinules on posterior margin. Telson of abdomen composed of five plates. Contains three species, one from Pacific and two from Atlantic America. Remarks: This genus is proposed for the reception of two western Atlantic species, Petrolisthes nodosus Streets, 1872, and P. vanderhorsti Schmitt, 1924, and an eastern Pacific species, P. diffractus Haig. The form of the front, side walls of the carapace, carpus of the chelipeds, and basal segment of the antennules (text-fig. 5), together with the five-plated telson, are characters warranting generic distinction. 176 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 The name, derived from the Greek kAaoros, broken in pieces, and totxos, a wall, was suggested by the fragmented side walls of the carapace characteristic of members of this genus. Clastotoechus diffractus (Haig), new combination Plate 30, fig. 1; text-fig. 5(1) Petrolisthes diffractus Haig, 1957a, p. 36, pl. 9, figs. 1-6 (type locality, San Lorenzo Rocks, Acapulco, Mexico). Previous records: Mexico. Bahia Tenacatita: (Haig). San Lorenzo Rocks, Acapulco: J. S. Garth from Velero IV (Haig). Diagnosis: Lateral lobes of front truncate, not markedly elongate; orbits angular, strongly oblique; carpus with four broad, strongly pro- jecting teeth on anterior margin, surface with a low crest; outer margin of manus with brush of hair usually present in females only. Description: Carapace covered anteriorly with large, flattened, im- bricate granules, smaller on frontal region, and posteriorly with elon- gate rugae; regions not distinct. Frontal region slightly depressed ; frontal lobes extending beyond eyes, median lobe triangular and rounded at tip, lateral lobes truncate; in dorsal view the three lobes ap- pearing to be about equal in length, but in frontal view the median one showing a long, acute, strongly deflexed extension. Orbits angular, strongly oblique; on either side a small, pointed preorbital lobe sep- arated by a notch from lateral frontal lobe; outer orbital angle pro- duced, pointed at tip. Rugae and granules of carapace setiferous on their anterior side, hairs not visible except under magnification. First movable segment of antenna with a strongly projecting, finely granular lamellar lobe; second with a double row of large, strongly projecting nodules on anterior margin, and scattered smaller granules on surface; third more or less smooth; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs, latter longer toward distal end. Outer maxillipeds rugose. Merus of chelipeds covered with flattened setiferous granules, an- terior margin with a small pointed lobe, only slightly produced. Carpus one and a half to two times as long as broad, covered with rough, rounded granules, more projecting than those of carapace, and with a short, fine pubescence not obscuring granules; anterior margin with four broad, strongly projecting, granular teeth, proximal one at right angle to carpus, others tilted progressively forward, with the distal tooth, formed of a projection of the anterodistal angle, lying nearly parallel with the long axis of the carpus; surface with a low longitudi- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 177 2 Text-fig. 5. Basal segment of right antennule of 1, Clastotoechus diffractus, x 17; 2, C. vanderhorsti, x 26; 3, C. nodosus, x 56. nal crest, granules of crest somewhat larger and more flattened; pos- terodistal angle produced into a curved spine. Manus and fingers cov- ered with granules and pubescence as in carpus; outer margin of manus with a low rounded crest extending onto pollex, along it a row of small granules sometimes produced into spinules; outer margin approximately to base of pollex almost invariably provided with a thick brush of fine plumose hairs in females, devoid of this brush in males. Fingers rather long and slender, meeting entire length or slightly gaping, gape with a slight trace of pubescence. Walking legs rugose, all segments with long non-plumose setae and anterior margins with a fringe of short plumose hairs. Material examined: Cabo San Lucas, Gulf of California; J. Xantus, collector; eight males, five females (two ovigerous), one young (Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology Cat. Nos. 1375 and 8019). Cove west of Squall Point, Bahia Tenacatita, Mexico, shore; Feb- ruary 5, 1954; Velero IV station 2600-54, J. S. Garth, collector; one ovigerous female. San Lorenzo Rocks, Acapulco, Mexico, shore; January 30, 1954; Velero IV station 2591-54, J. S. Garth, collector; male, holotype (Allan Hancock Foundation Cat. No. 542), and three males and four ovigerous females, paratypes. 178 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Measurements: Males, 3.2 to 7.3 mm; ovigerous females, 5.5 to 8.3 mm. The male holotype is 6.3 mm long, 5.7 mm broad. Measurements of the 14 specimens from Cabo San Lucas were not recorded. Color: In alcohol, pale reddish orange, the color a little darker on the granules and tips of the fingers. Ecology: All the Hancock Foundation specimens were collected under stones in the littoral zone; so, presumably, were those taken at Cabo San Lucas by John Xantus. All females collected in January and February of 1954 were ovigerous. Relationships: Clastotoechus diffractus is not analogous to either of the Atlantic species. It differs from both of them in having a more strongly granulate and rugose carapace, and in having the brush of hair on the outer margin of the manus characteristic of females only. In C. vanderhorsti the front and orbits are similar in form to those of C. diffractus, but the frontal lobes are markedly elongate; the carpal teeth are narrower in proportion to their breadth than in either C. diffractus or C. nodosus. The latter species differs from the other two in having the lateral lobes of the front pointed instead of truncate, and the orbits rounded instead of oblique. Remarks: Clastotoechus diffractus is apparently a rare species. In spite of extensive collecting along the Mexican Pacific coast over a period of many years, only 23 specimens from three stations are known to date; it was described as recently as 1957. The species probably does not occur within the Gulf of California, or it would certainly have been taken during the intensive collecting carried on in that area. Range: Known only from Cabo San Lucas at the mouth of the Gulf of California, south to Acapulco, Mexico. ALLOPETROLISTHES, new genus Type species: Porcellana angulosa Guérin, 1835. Carapace rounded, approximately as broad as long. Front trilobate, two supplementary lobes sometimes present. Eyestalks short and stout, retractile. Basal segment of antenna somewhat produced forward and narrowly in contact with outer orbital angle, thereby slightly excluding movable segments from orbit ; strongly produced inward and, with the inner side of the basal segment of the antennule, forming a complete or nearly complete suborbital margin. Movable segments tuberculate. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 179 Basal segment of antennule large, laterally expanded, with two to four broad lobes on anterior margin and often tuberculate on anterior face. Chelipeds large, flattened, subequal; carpus longer than broad, its anterior margin armed with a strongly projecting, angular lobe; fingers long and slender. Walking legs of moderate length, somewhat flattened; merus often greatly expanded, its anterior margin crested; movable spinules on pos- terior margin of propodus greatly reduced in number or absent, at most one or two at articulation with dactylus; dactylus very short, end- ing in a simple spine, posterior accessory movable spinules greatly re- duced in size or entirely absent. Telson of abdomen composed of five plates. Contains three species, all eastern Pacific south-temperate. Remarks: The three species for which this genus is proposed have several characters in common which set them apart from Petrolisthes. These include the slight forward projection of the basal antennal seg- ment, which slightly excludes the movable segments from the orbit; the form of the basal segment of the antennule (text-fig. 6) ; the very short dactylus of the walking legs, with posterior movable spinules absent or greatly reduced in size; and the five-plated telson of the abdomen. The name is derived from the Greek adXos, other, different, and Petrolisthes. Key TO THE SPECIES la. Carapace covered with granules and tubercles, front with five lobes; lobe on proximal half of anterior margin of carpus join- ing distal half of margin at nearly a right angle. . spinifrons 1b. Carapace smooth, front with three lobes; lobe on proximal half of anterior margin of carpus joining distal half of margin in a broad curve bo 2a. Orbital margin nearly straight; carpus of walking legs with a Sharp eancenon. CLESh) ee bad ck wl es so ay «angulosus 2b. Orbital margin rounded, concave; carpus of walking legs with- Out annanterior crest | Yee" ove. SSP PP punctatus 180 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Allopetrolisthes angulosus (Guérin), new combination Plate 35, fig. 4; text-fig. 6(1) Porcellana angulosa Guérin, 1835, p. 115 (type locality, Chile) ; 1838b, p. 7, pl. VII 25, fig. 3 (type locality restricted to Coquimbo) ; 1839, p. 175, pl. 51, fig. 3. H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844, p. 34. Nicolet, 1849, p. 195. Targioni-Tozzetti, 1877, p. 212, pl. 12, figs. 6, 6a-b, d-e; pl. 13, figs. 1, la-b, d. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 101, 259. Porcellana punctata, Dana, 1852, p. 421. Not Allopetrolisthes puncta- tus (Guérin). Porcellana carinata Kinahan, 1857, p. 347, pl. 14, fig. 3 (type local- ity, North Chincha Island, Peru). P[orcellana] angulosa?, Stimpson, 1858, p. 229. Petrolisthes angulosus, Targioni-Tozzetti, 1872a, p. 398; 1872b, p. 470. Ortmann, 1897, pp. 277, 279. Nobili, 1901a, p. 5; 1902, p. 233. Lenz, 1902, p. 745. Rathbun, 1910, p. 599. Porter, 1936b, p. 153; 1936c, p. 339. Haig, 1955, pp. 42, 46. Petrolisthes reissi Ortmann, 1892, p. 260, pl. 11, fig. 15 (type locality, Golfo de Ancén, Ecuador; corrected to Ancén, Peru, by Ortmann, 1897) p.Z279)). Previous records: Peru. San Lorenzo: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana) ; Vettor Pisani (Cano). Ancon: Reiss (Ortmann 1892). Callao: Hamburg Mus. collec- tion (Haig). North Chincha Island, Islas de Chincha: J. R. Kina- han (Kinahan). Chile. “Chile”: (Guérin 1835). Iquique: F. Beumer; F. Ringe; Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Cavancha: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Antofagasta; Taltal; Huasco: R. Paessler (Haig). Co- quimbo: Favorite (Guérin 1838b). Bahia Herradura de Guaya- can; Montemar: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Valparaiso: (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas) ; Magenta (Targioni-Tozzetti). Tumbes: L. H. Plate (Lenz). Bahia de Talcahuano: (Porter). Bahia San Vicente: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). San Vi- cente: F. Silvestri (Nobili). Canal de Chacao; Golfo de Ancud: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Calbuco: L. H. Plate (Lenz). Diagnosis: Carpace nearly smooth, regions not distinct; front with three lobes, median broadly triangular, lateral narrow and rounded; orbital margin without a concavity; carpus with a strong angular COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 181 lobe on proximal half of anterior margin, joining distal portion of margin in a broad curve. Description: Carapace very strongly convex front to back, highest at epibranchial level; finely punctate or granulate anteriorly, other- wise nearly smooth, devoid of hairs; regions not distinct. Front tri- lobate, median lobe broadly triangular, pointed at tip, much more strongly produced than lateral lobes, latter narrow and rounded; in frontal view, median lobe showing a narrow, acute, strongly deflexed extension, present to a lesser degree on lateral lobes also. Orbital mar- gin forming a nearly straight line from lateral lobe of front to groove separating hepatic and epibranchial regions; outer orbital angle slightly produced into an acute tooth, latter deflexed like tip of frontal lobes and scarcely visible in dorsal view. Text-fig. 6. Right antennule of 1, Allopetrolisthes angulosus, x 7¥%2; 2, A. punc- tatus, x 4; 3, A. spinifrons, x 9. First movable segment of antenna smooth or granulate, with a low crest on anterior margin; second and third covered with tubercles or large granules; flagellum with vestigial hairs. Ischium of outer maxil- lipeds smooth or slightly granular, other segments roughly granular. Chelipeds smooth or lightly granular, devoid of hairs. Merus armed on anterior margin with a narrow, rounded lobe. Carpus about one and a half times as long as broad, a strongly projecting, angular lobe occu- pying proximal half of anterior margin, and joining distal portion of margin in a broad curve; a smooth, longitudinal crest on dorsal sur- face, and another along posterior margin. Manus with a smooth, longi- tudinal crest, extending to base of dactylus; outer margin with a thin edge. Fingers smooth, meeting entire length or slightly gaping, crossing at tips; gape without pubescence. Merus of walking legs devoid of hairs, greatly expanded and flat- tened, with a high, sharp crest on anterior margin; carpus devoid of hairs, with an anterior crest and another on dorsal surface; propodus 182 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 with a small tuft of hairs distally, and a single posterior movable spinule at articulation with dactylus; dactylus with short tufts of hairs, and three very small spinules on posterior margin. Material examined: See Table 55. Measurements: Males, 3.5 to 19.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.2 to 15.0 mm; ovigerous females, 5.0 to 14.4 mm. The 19.0 mm male and 15.0 mm female were collected by the Lund University Chile Expedi- tion. Lenz (1902) also recorded a measurement of 19 mm for a spec- imen with sex not stated. The types were reported to be 14 or 15 mm in length. Color: In alcohol, ground color dirty yellow, with broad, irregular, ribbon-like stripes and spots of a red-brown color. (Lenz) Uniform yellowish-red ; walking legs banded with darker red. (Kinahan) Ecology: Common in the littoral, under stones. E. R. Guiler collected specimens on tunicates (Pyura sp.) and from algae, Ulva and Les- sonia. Specimens were taken by the Lund University Chile Expedi- tion from holdfasts of a brown alga. The species has been dredged on a few occasions to depths of 10 fathoms. Ovigerous females have been collected in every month of the year except March, April, September, and December. Remarks: Guérin (1838b) gave the locality as ‘“Coquimbo and many other points in Chile.’? The Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia has two dry specimens from the Guérin collection, taken at Valparaiso and questionably labelled as types. Specimens identified by Dana (1852) as Porcellana punctata Guérin were seen by Ortmann in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and redetermined by him (1897) as Petrolisthes angu- losus. The present writer examined these same specimens, as well as five in the Museum of Comparative Zoology also taken by the U. S. Exploring Expedition and identified as Porcellana punctata by Dana. Range: Paita, Peru, south to Calbuco, Chile. Shore to 10 fathoms. Allopetrolisthes punctatus (Guérin), new combination Plate 35, fig. 2; text-fig. 6(2) Porcellana punctata Guérin, 1835, pl. 18, fig. 1 (Icon. Regn. Anim. Cuvier, 1829-44; pl. 18 published in 1835); 1835, p. 115 (type locality, Chile) ; 1838b, p. 7 (type locality restricted to Valpa- raiso) ; 1839, p. 175. H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 255. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 99, 261. Not Dana, 1852, p. 421. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 183 Porcellana cristata H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 254 (type locality un- known). Nicolet, 1849, p. 194. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 99, 100, 260. P[orcellana] punctata?, Stimpson, 1858, p. 229. ?Porcellana (cristata?), Boas, 1880, pl. 1, fig. 13; pl. 2, fig. 63; pl. 3, fig. 122. Petrolisthes punctatus, Ortmann, 1897, pp. 277, 279. Rathbun, 1910, p. 599. Haig, 1955, pp. 42, 48, text-fig. 11. Pachycheles grossimanus, Porter, 1936a, p. 255, pl. 18. Not P. grossi- manus (Guérin). Previous records: Peru. Ancon: Vettor Pisani (Cano). Chile. “Chile”: (Guérin 1835). Iquique; Punta de Lobos; Montemar: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Valparaiso: Favorite (Guérin 1838b) ; Vettor Pisani (Cano). San Antonio: (Porter). Talca- huano: MCZ collection (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace smooth, regions not distinct; front with three rounded lobes; orbits rounded, concave; carpus with a strong angular lobe on proximal half of anterior margin, joining distal portion of mar- gin in a broad curve. Description: Carapace very strongly convex front to back, smooth, devoid of hairs; regions not distinct. Front strongly trilobate, lobes rounded, median a little broader and more projecting than lateral lobes; in frontal view, median lobe showing a narrow, acute, strongly de- flexed extension, present to a lesser degree on lateral lobes also. Orbits rounded, deeply concave; outer orbital angle produced into a strong pointed tooth. First movable segment of antenna smooth, with a low crest on an- terior margin; second and third smooth or nearly so, with more pro- jecting anterior crests; flagellum with vestigial hairs. Outer maxil- lipeds smooth or punctate. Chelipeds smooth, devoid of hairs. Merus armed on anterior mar- gin with a small rounded lobe. Carpus about one and a half times as long as broad, a strongly projecting angular lobe occupying proximal half of anterior margin, and joining distal portion of margin in a broad curve; a smooth longitudinal crest on dorsal surface, and an- other along posterior margin. Manus with a smooth longitudinal crest extending to base of dactyl; outer margin with a smooth crest. Fingers smooth, gaping, crossing at tips; gape without pubescence. 184 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Merus of walking legs devoid of hairs, greatly expanded and flat- tened, with a sharp crest on anterior margin; carpus devoid of hairs, rounded on anterior margin, a faint crest sometimes present on dorsal surface; propodus with short tufts of hairs distally, and a single pair of small posterior movable spinules at articulation with dactylus; dac- tylus with short tufts of hairs, posterior margin without movable spin- ules but with small corneous vestiges where they would normally occur. Material examined: Estacién de Biologia Marina, Montemar, Chile, shore; September 19, 1948; Lund University Chile Expedition station M123; one male (Allan Hancock Foundation, gift of H. Brattstrém). Valparaiso, Chile; Guérin collection [Favorite, collector?]; one dry specimen, not sexed, [syn?]type (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Cat. No. 4133). Talcahuano, Chile; 1872; Hassler Expedition, collector; twelve fe- males (four ovigerous) (Museum of Comparative Zoology Cat. No. 1952). Measurements: Males, 8.9 to 34.0 mm; non-ovigerous female, 9.0 mm; ovigerous females, 27.8 to 35.0 mm. The 34.0 mm male and 35.0 mm female were collected by the Lund University Chile Expedition. The type of Porcellana cristata H. Milne Edwards, of unspecified sex, was 9 lines (about 20.3 mm) in length. Cano (1889) reported a 38 mm male. Color: Specimens preserved in alcohol were brick-red; markings, which were the same shade of red but darker, consisted of reticulations on the chelipeds, spots and less strongly marked reticulations on the carapace, and many very small spots on the walking legs and abdomen. Ecology: The species has been taken under stones in the intertidal zone. The Lund University Chile Expedition recovered it on one occa- sion from the hull of a barge. The Lund University Chile Expedition collected an ovigerous fe- male at Montemar in October; ovigerous females from the Hassler Ex- pedition were taken at Talcahuano, probably in April. Remarks: This appears to be the largest of the porcellanid species with the exception of Petrolisthes desmarestii (Guérin), which also in- habits the Peruvian faunal province. In spite of its large size and strik- ing appearance Allopetrolisthes punctatus is apparently rare, for it has been taken on relatively few occasions and never in abundance. The extensive shore collecting and dredging in Peru by the Velero III and Hancock Expedition collectors failed to recover it. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 185 According to field notes made by Brattstrém and Dahl on the Lund University Chile Expedition, the local name for the species in Chile is “tijerita.” Range: Ancon, Peru, south to Talcahuano, Chile. Allopetrolisthes spinifrons (H. Milne Edwards), new combination Plate 35, fig. 3; text-fig. 6(3) Porcellana spinifrons H. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 256 (type locality, shores of Chile). H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844, p. 34. Nico- let, 1849, p. 193. Dana, 1852, p. 424. Philippi, 1860, p. 169. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 99, 261. Petrolisthes spinifrons, Nobili, 1901a, p. 6; 1902, p. 233. Lenz, 1902, p. 746, pl. 23, fig. 3. Rathbun, 1910, pp. 559, 599, pl. 48, fig. 5. Haig, 1955, pp. 42, 47. Previous records: Peru. San Lorenzo: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana). Islas Pescadores: R. E. Coker (Rathbun). Chile. “Chile”: (H. Milne Edwards). Pisagua: Kophamel (Haig). Caleta Buena: R. Paessler (Haig). Iquique: R. Paessler; F. Ringe (Haig). Antofagasta: R. Paessler (Haig). Mejillones del Sur: H. Piening (Haig). Coloso near Antofagasta; Taltal: R. Paessler (Haig). Isla Blanca: R. A. Philippi (Philippi). Coquimbo: Vettor Pisani (Cano). Bahia Herradura de Guayacan: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). Montemar: Lund Univ. Chile Exped.; F. Riveros- Zuniga (Haig). Valparaiso: (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas) ; U.S. Expl. Exped. (Dana). Tumbes: L. H. Plate (Lenz). Bahia San Vicente: Lund Univ. Chile Exped. (Haig). San Vicente: F. Sil- vestri (Nobili). Diagnosis: Carapace covered with granules and tubercles, regions distinct; front with five lobes, median broadly triangular, lateral nar- row and rounded, others smaller, lower placed ; orbits angular, concave ; carpus with a strong angular lobe on proximal half of anterior margin, joining distal portion of margin at nearly a right angle. Description: Carapace convex front to back; surface very uneven, covered with large, rough granules and small tubercles, regions dis- tinct; devoid of hairs. Front with five lobes, the median one broad, triangular, more projecting than lateral lobes, latter narrower, rounded at tips; between them and median lobe the two supplementary lobes, 186 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 smaller, pointed at tips, placed lower than the others and pointing in- ward and slightly downward. Orbits angular, deeply concave; outer orbital angle strongly produced into a broad pointed tooth. First movable segment of antenna with a distal anterior tubercle; second and third covered with tubercles; flagellum with vestigial hairs. Outer maxillipeds smooth or punctate. Chelipeds devoid of hairs. Merus with rough granules and tubercles on dorsal surface, anterior margin with a small, slightly projecting lobe; posterior margin with a roughened crest. Carpus nearly twice as long as broad; a strongly projecting lobe occupying proximal half of an- terior margin, ending abruptly and joining distal portion of margin at nearly a right angle; dorsal surface roughened, with two low longitu- dinal crests; posterior margin with a roughened crest ending distally in a small tooth. Manus granulate to nearly smooth, outer margin with a thin edge. Fingers smooth, meeting for entire length, crossing at tips; gape without pubescence. Merus of walking legs not unusually expanded or flattened, covered with rough granules, anterior margin with a low crest and a fringe of plumose hairs; carpus devoid of hairs, with a faint crest on anterior margin and one on dorsal surface; propodus devoid of hairs, without movable spinules on posterior margin; dactylus with short tufts of setae, and a row of very tiny movable spinules on posterior margin. Material examined: See Table 56. Measurements: Males, 3.1 to 14.4 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.1 to 10.2 mm; ovigerous females, 8.5 to 17.4 mm. The 14.4 mm male was collected by the Hassler and the 17.4 mm female by the Lund Uni- versity Chile Expedition. The type was reported to be ‘‘about 9 lines” (20.3 mm). Cano (1889) noted a 16.5 mm male. Color: Ground color of carapace wall green. TTubercles dark car- mine. A band of a brownish-red color around raised portions. Eye green. Merus and carpus of chela a bright Indian purple, green show- ing through in places. Granules carmine. Teeth pale vermilion. Hand and fingers bright orange, striped with Bordeaux red. Ambulatory legs Bordeaux red with yellowish white spots; some of red shows around edges of spots. Abdomen same as legs. Nail of dactyl yellow. Ventral side pale cream, lightly overcast with yellow and red. First segments of antenna red and green, others light brown and yellow. (Petersen, of a live specimen from Peru) COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 187 General color of the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax and legs yellowish tending to rose with red-scarlet lines; legs elegantly and regu- larly striped with the same color. Four longitudinal lines of the same color traverse the abdomen. (Nobili, 1901, of a preserved specimen) Ecology: This species has been taken under stones in the littoral. It has also been dredged in depths to 12 fathoms, and taken from Lessonia holdfasts at 7 fathoms. It has been reported (Haig, 1955) as a commensal with sea stars, Stichaster striatus Miller and Troschel and Meyenaster gelatinosus (Meyen). The Peruvian specimen from which Anker Petersen prepared the color notes, above, was “associated with anemone.” Ovigerous females have been encountered in every month from Oc- tober through February. Range: San Lorenzo, Peru, south to San Vicente, Chile. Shore to 12 fathoms. EUCERAMUS Stimpson 1860 Euceramus Stimpson, 1860, p. 445 (type species Euceramus praelongus Stimpson, 1860, by monotypy). Carapace considerably longer than broad, markedly convex trans- versely; lateral margins subparallel. Front prominent, very narrow, tridentate. Orbits shallow; outer orbital angles not produced; eyestalks slender, retractile. Hepatic margin with a large orbitlike concavity, its outer angle formed by a tooth. Posterior to this hepatic tooth a distinct epibranchial spine, the two separated by a notch. Basal segment of antenna either very short, without projections, or else produced inward and forward and narrowly in contact with an- terior margin of carapace. First and second movable segments long, broader than eyestalk; third short. Basal segment of antennule much longer than broad, with one or more strong projections on its anterior margin, and fringed internally with long plumose hairs. Chelipeds small; carpi subcylindrical ; hands weak, subcylindrical or somewhat flattened, fingers opening vertically. Walking legs subcylin- drical; no posterior spinules on propodus; dactylus ending in a simple spine, posterior supplementary movable spinules absent or vestigial. Telson of abdomen longer than broad, composed of seven plates. Contains three species, two from Pacific and one from Atlantic America. 188 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Remarks: Euceramus forms a transition between the group of genera in which the basal antennal segment is short and not broadly in contact with the anterior margin of the carapace, and the group of genera in which the basal segment is strongly produced forward so that the movable segments are far removed from the orbit. In E. panate- lus the basal segment is not produced forward; in both E. praelongus and E. transversilineatus it has a small forward projection which nar- rowly separates the movable segments from the orbit. Key To THE EASTERN PacirFic SPECIES la. Carapace a little over twice as long as broad; flagellum much longer than carapace, with long plumose hairs . . panatelus 1b. Carapace about one and a half times as long as broad; flagel- lum shorter than carapace, not hairy . . . transversilineatus Euceramus panatelus Glassell Plate 36, fig. 1; text-fig. 7(1) Euceramus panatelus Glassell, 1938a, p. 423, pl. 29 (type locality, La Libertad, Ecuador). Previous records: Mexico. Bahia Tenacatita; Isla Grande: W. Williams on Stranger (Glassell). Guatemala. San José: W. Williams on Stranger (Glassell). Ecuador. La Libertad: W. Williams on Stranger (Glassell). Diagnosis: Carapace a little over twice as long as broad, lightly plicate; basal segment of antenna very short, without inward or for- ward projections; flagellum much longer than carapace, with long plu- mose hairs; dactylus of walking leg 3 flat, without a nail. Description: Carapace a little over twice as long as broad, covered with light transverse plications; small flattened granules on frontal and hepatic regions; cervical groove well marked, but regions not distinct ; devoid of pubescence. Front divided into three small pointed teeth, about equal in breadth; also equal in length, or median one a little longer. Hepatic spine small, epibranchial spine small but distinct; these spines separated by a shallow notch. Basal segment of antenna very short, not produced either forward or inward; first and second movable segments massive, much broader than eyestalk; third very short; flagellum much longer than carapace, thickly covered with long plumose hairs. Outer maxillipeds punctate, COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 189 Text-fig. 7. Basal segment of right antennule of 1, Euceramus panatelus, x 48; 2, E. transversilineatus, x 22; 3, E. praelongus, x 22. fringed on inner and outer margins with long plumose hairs; sternum truncate anteriorly. Chelipeds rather roughly granular, covered with a short pubescence, latter longer on manus and fingers. Merus without anterior projections. Carpus short and stout, unarmed. Manus somewhat swollen; fingers gap- ing, meeting only at tips. Walking legs long and slender, faintly granular; all segments with an anterior and a posterior fringe of long plumose hairs. Propodus subcylindrical in legs 1 and 2, shorter and flattened in leg 3. Dactylus of legs 1 and 2 subcylindrical, ending in a simple spine, without sup- plementary movable spinules; that of leg 3 flat, without a nail. Telson of abdomen only slightly longer than broad. Material examined: See Table 57. Measurements: Males, 3.5 to 9.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.4 to 8.9 mm; ovigerous females, 6.3 to 8.2 mm. The male holotype meas- ures 8.7 mm in length, 4.0 mm in breadth. Color: Carapace cream, with front red and a transverse red median band. Fingers of chelipeds flecked with red. (Glassell) Carapace pale transparent mauvette and light bluish green. Colors are only faintly separated; the effect is opalescent. A dark area on cardiac region; rostrum vinaceous rufous. This color extended on base of eyestalk. Eye dull bluish purple. Antenna very pale blue-gray with touches of rufous on basal segments, gradually fading out. Ambulatory 190 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS . VOL. 24 legs same as carapace but much lighter. Eggs scarlet. Ventral surface same as ambulatory legs. Vinaceous rufous stripes on maxilliped. (Peter- sen, of a live specimen from Guatemala) Ecology: “Without doubt, to judge from the structure of the ambu- latory legs and the disposition of the peculiarly ciliated antennae, this species is a burrowing form which remains concealed under the surface of the sand.” (Glassell) It has been dredged in depths of 5 to 22 fathoms. Substrates of material examined and that reported by Glassell were as follows: sand, from three stations; sand with shell and sand with mud, from two stations each; mud, from one station. Ovigerous females were taken in January by the Velero III; Glas- sell reported one collected in April. Relationships: Euceramus panatelus is closely allied to E. prae- longus Stimpson, 1860, from the western Atlantic. ‘They are alike in having the carapace over twice as long as broad; movable antennal seg- ments 1 and 2 much broader than the eyestalk; and a long, hairy antennal flagellum. In E. praelongus the center lobe of the front is distinctly longer than the lateral lobes; the orbital margin is slightly more convex than in E. panatelus; the basal segment of the antenna is narrowly in contact with the anterior margin of the carapace, and has a broad inward projection as well; the flagellum of the antenna is shorter in proportion to the carapace length than in E. panatelus; the propodus and dactylus of walking leg 3 are not modified; and the sternum is broadly triangular anteriorly. Range: Bahia Tenacatita, Mexico, south to La Libertad, Ecuador; 5 to 22 fathoms. Euceramus transversilineatus (Lockington) Plate 36, fig. 2; text-fig. 7 (2) Porcellana transversilineata Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 405 (type local- ities, Boca de las Piedras and Bahia de los Angeles, Gulf of Cali- fornia). Euceramus transversilineatus, Glassell, 1938a, p. 426, pl. 30 (neotype designated ; neotype localities, off N end Isla Tiburén and Punta Pefiasco, Gulf of California). Previous records: Gulf of California. Punta Pefiasco, Sonora; San Felipe: S. A. Glassell (Glassell). Bahia de los Angeles: (Lockington). Off N end Isla Tiburon: S. A. Glassell (Glassell). Boca de las Piedras [Estero de las Piedras?], Sinaloa: (Lockington). COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 191 Lectotype: Ovigerous female, 6.7 mm in length by 4.4 mm in width, in Paris Museum, labelled “Porcellana transversilineata Lockington. Californie—Lockington 6-99 (Type). This specimen, one of two so labelled, is hereby selected as the lectotype at the request of Mr. Jacques Forest. Diagnosis: Carapace about one and a half times as long as broad, with distinct transverse striations; basal segment of antenna with a broad inward projection and a small forward projection, the latter nar- rowly separating movable segments from orbit; flagellum shorter than carapace, without hairs; dactylus of walking leg 3 normal. Description: Carapace about one and a half times as long as broad, covered with distinct transverse striations broken up into large flat- tened granules anteriorly; protogastric lobes accentuated, regions other- wise not distinct; anterior regions with long, scattered setae, hooked at their tips. Front divided into three long slender teeth, median one the longest ; margins of median tooth and inner margins of lateral teeth fringed with short plumose hairs. Hepatic and epibranchial spines large, distinct, separated by a deep U- or V-shaped notch. Basal segment of antenna with a broad inward projection, almost entirely visible in dorsal view; a small forward projection, narrowly separating movable segments from orbit; first and second movable seg- ments broader than eyestalk, but not massive and filling concavity be- tween outer orbital angle and hepatic spine; third small; flagellum shorter than carapace, naked. Outer maxillipeds nearly smooth or cov- ered with small flattened granules; sternum truncate anteriorly. Chelipeds covered with small, flattened granules and long, scattered setae, hooked at their tips. Merus with a long, narrow tooth at distal end of anterior margin. Carpus short and stout, with one to four nar- row, widely separated spines on anterior margin. Manus flattened, outer margin with a row of spines, the latter more pronounced in males, sometimes obsolescent in females. Fingers meeting for entire length or slightly gaping. Walking legs rather short and stout, rugose; all segments with tufts and fringes of long non-plumose setae. Propodus subcylindrical. Dactylus with a row of small tubercles on posterior margin in place of movable spinules. Telson of abdomen much longer than broad. Material examined: See Table 58. Measurements: Males, 5.1 to 8.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 5.8 192 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 to 12.1 mm. The single ovigerous female examined, in the collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, was not measured. Locking- ton reported a length of 6 mm and width of 4 mm for one of his specimens; the male paratype and ovigerous female lectotype in the Paris Museum measure 11.5 by 6.7 mm and 6.7 by 4.4 mm, respectively. Glassell’s female neotype is 8.3 by 6.1 mm, and his male neoallotype 6.2 by 4.2 mm. Color: Carapace dark pinkish buff and striated longitudinally with reddish brown. Chelae yellow cream buff with a large brown spot on merus and carpus. Fingers with a broad dark brown band around center. Ambulatory legs greenish white with touches of brilliant orange. Ventral side pinkish buff. A dark brown band runs from eye socket across center portion of maxillipeds. (Petersen, of a live specimen from the Gulf of California) Ecology: S. A. Glassell collected specimens at Punta Pefiasco, Gulf of California, at extreme low water, partly covered with sand and shell fragments at the base of gorgonian corals. A specimen was taken by him under similar conditions at San Felipe. Otherwise, all known ma- terial has been dredged in 2 to 34 fathoms on bottoms of sand, shell, sand and shell, sandy mud, and sand with corallines. The only ovigerous females on record were taken by Lockington in September. The month of collecting was not indicated for the Hassler ovigerous female collected at Bahia de la Magdalena. Remarks: Of the two extant syntypes in the Paris Museum, the smaller, an ovigerous female, is designated as the lectotype. The 11.5 mm male paratype lacks the chelipeds and many of the walking legs. Not realizing that any of Lockington’s porcellanid types remained extant, Glassell (1938a) designated a neotype for Euceramus transversi- lineatus from among specimens of his own collecting. An excellent illus- tration accompanies his account. Range: Bahia de Santa Maria and Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California; Punta Pefiasco and San Felipe, Gulf of California, south to Isla Taboga, Panama. Shore to 34 fathoms. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 193 MINYOCERUS Stimpson 1858 Minyocerus Stimpson, 1858, p. 229 (type species Porcellana angusta Dana, 1852, by original designation). Porcellina Miller, 1862, p. 194 (type species Porcellina stellicola Miiller, 1862, by monotypy). Carapace longer than broad, markedly convex transversely; upper surface with distinct transverse striations. Front prominent, broad, tri- dentate. Orbits deep; outer orbital angles strongly produced; eyestalks stout, retractile. Basal segment of antenna produced forward and broadly in contact with anterior margin of carapace; strongly produced inward, forming a partial suborbital margin. Movable segments minute and flagellum rudimentary, their total length less than or scarcely exceeding width of eye. Basal segment of antennule longer than broad, anterior margin with strong teeth visible in dorsal view. Chelipeds rather small; carpus short and stout; manus long and nar- row, its margins subparallel, much longer than fingers, latter opening obliquely. Walking legs subcylindrical; no posterior movable spinules on pro- podus; dactylus ending in a simple spine, without movable accessory spinules on posterior margin. Telson of abdomen a little longer than broad, composed of seven plates. Contains two species, one on either side of the American con- tinents. Minyocerus kirki Glassell Plate 37, fig. 1; text-fig. 8 Minyocerus kirki Glassell, 1938a, p. 430, pl. 31 (type locality, San Felipe, Gulf of California). Previous records: Gulf of California. San Felipe: S. A. Glassell (Glassell). Diagnosis: Carapace about one and a third times as long as broad, transversely striate; front tridentate, teeth approximately equal in length and breadth; movable segments of antenna minute and flagellum rudi- mentary, their total length less than or scarcely exceeding width of eye, visible only under magnification; carpus of cheliped with a strong spine at about center of anterior margin, often followed by several spin- ules. 194 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS - VOL. 24 Description: Carapace about one and a third times as long as broad, convex front to back as well as transversely; covered with flattened scalelike striations, larger and more distinct posterior to cervical groove; surface pubescent. Front distinctly tridentate, the teeth acute, approx- imately equal in length and breadth, or median one slightly longer. Outer orbital angle produced into a long, narrow, acute tooth. Epi- branchial spine strong. Movable segments of antenna and flagellum less in their total length than width of cornea of eye, or slightly longer than width of eye; scarcely visible even under magnification. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Text-fig. 8. Basal segment of right antennule of Minyocerus kirki, x 38. Chelipeds short, stout, lightly rugose. Merus with two strong, for- ward-pointing distal spines. Carpus with a similar, broad spine at about center of anterior margin, often followed by several spinules, and usu- ally with two or three strong spinules on distal margin; surface lightly pubescent. Outer margin of manus with a finely granular crest, sur- face covered with long scattered setae. Fingers short, tips blunt, meet- ing for entire length or nearly so, dorsal surface and gape with long scattered setae. Walking legs rather short and stout, all segments fringed with setae ; merus obliquely rugose; carpus with two low longitudinal crests on dorsal surface; propodus and dactylus smooth. Variations: The largest specimens examined, several of which were of greater size than any seen by Glassell, have antennae with total length somewhat greater than the width of the cornea of the eye, instead of less than the corneal width as indicated in the type description. There is considerable variation in the degree of spinulation on the carpus and merus of the chelipeds. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 195 Material examined: See Table 59. Measurements: Males, 2.2 to 3.8 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.3 to 4.0 mm; ovigerous females, 2.0 to 5.5 mm. The male holotype meas- ures 3.5 mm in length, 2.5 mm in breadth; an ovigerous female para- type, 4.0 by 2.8 mm. Color: Carapace with median longitudinal area white with a yellow cast, branchial areas brown with a greenish cast. Antennules blue, flag- ellum yellow. Palp of maxillipeds light green. Chelipeds and ambulatory legs with a whitish ground banded with brown. The carapace colors extend onto the first two abdominal segments. (Glassell, from notes on a live specimen by W. A. Kirk) Subcontrary triangular space of white covering frontal region and ending with distal point touching cardiac region. Cardiac and intestinal regions almost covered with white. Branchial regions closely netted with carmine red and yellow green. Chelae pale gray with a touch of red and green on merus. Carpus and hand with fine network of carmine and blue green. Fingers pale blue gray. Ambulatory legs white with two circular bands of carmine on merus and one on distal end of carpus. Eyestalk white with streak of carmine. Cornea of eye bright chrome yellow. Antennules pale blue with flagellum yellow. Visible portion of abdomen on dorsal side with two longitudinal broad stripes of red and green netting. Pterygostomian region and maxillipeds with a few blotches of red. No other color on ventral side. (Petersen, of a live specimen from the Gulf of California) Ecology: “Found at extreme low water commensal on the sand star- fish Luidia columbia (Gray). A pair of crabs was usually found on a single starfish, one on the dorsal, the other on the ventral side.” (Glassell) Velero III specimens from Punta Pefiasco, Gulf of Cali- fornia, were commensal on Luidia phragma H. L. Clark dredged in 3 to 10 fathoms. Specimens taken in Golfo de Fonseca by R. Paessler were from sea stars dredged in 4 fathoms; a few of those collected by the Zaca in the same area were from sea stars taken in 4 to 7 fathoms. Luidia foliolata Grube was “taken at various stations between Ten- acatita Bay, Mexico, and Corinto, Nicaragua, in 2-30 fms.” (Clark, 1940, p. 333) by the 1937-38 Zaca Expedition, and it was probably this sea star from which the Minyocerus of that expedition was re- covered. The western Atlantic member of the genus, Minyocerus angustus (Dana), 1852, is a commensal with Luidia clathrata (Say). 196 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Some of the Zaca specimens from La Union and Punta Monypenny in Golfo de Fonseca were taken from serpent stars. Ophiurans from Zaca station 199 and dredge hauls corresponding to those of Minyocerus were Amphipholis platydisca Nielsen, Ophiothrix spiculata Leconte, and Ophiolepis grisea H. L. Clark (Clark, 1940). Commensalism was not noted for Velero III specimens from Bahia de Tepoca, 11 to 13 fathoms, but very probably these specimens were also associated with echinoderms at the time of capture. The Minyocerus species would seem to be obligatory commensals on echinoderms, possi- bly confined to Luidia among the Asteroidea and to one genus or a very few genera in the Ophiuroidea. Ovigerous females of Minyocerus kirki have been collected in May and December. Relationships: In the closely related western Atlantic species, Minyo- cerus angustus (Dana), 1852, the anterior margin of the carpus some- times lacks a spine, although one or two (rarely three) strong ones may be developed ; when present they tend to be narrower in proportion to their length than the large carpal spine of M. kirki. The merus of the walking legs is more slender than in the Pacific species. Remarks: Minyocerus kirki was previously known only from San Felipe, Gulf of California. The present study has revealed specimens from two other localities at the head of the Gulf, and from Golfo de Fonseca in Central America. Echinoderms from the intervening terri- tory should be examined for specimens. Range: Punta Pefiasco and San Felipe, Gulf of California, south to Punta Monypenny, Nicaragua. Shore to 13 fathoms. PORCELLANA Lamarck 1801 Porcellana Lamarck, 1801, p. 153 (type species Cancer platy-cheles Pennant, 1777, by monotypy). Platycheles Billberg, 1820, p. 134 (type species Cancer platy-cheles Pennant, 1777, by tautonymy). Enostea Gistel, 1848, pp. 159, 196 (substitute name for Porcellana Lamarck, 1801; taking the same type species, Cancer platy-cheles Pennant, 1777). Carapace usually a little longer than broad; surface without spines or strong protuberances; lateral margins posterior to cervical groove entire, or with a few spines or tubercles on anterior portion of branchial COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 197 margins. Front prominent, strongly tridentate in dorsal view. Orbits deep ; eyestalks stout, retractile. Basal segment of antenna strongly produced inward, forming a partial suborbital margin and partly visible in dorsal view; produced forward and broadly in contact with anterior margin of carapace, with movable segments removed from orbit. Basal segment of antennule with strong anterior projections, usu- ally partially visible in dorsal view. Chelipeds large, usually somewhat compressed; fingers normal, not twisted out of plane with palm. Propodus of walking legs usually with posterior spinules; dactylus ending in a simple spine, usually with sev- eral movable accessory spinules. Remarks: The old genus Porcellana as restricted by Stimpson (1858) is a heterogeneous group which needs a thorough revision; the species currently included in it should probably be allocated to at least four distinct genera. In this report one group of species is trans- ferred to Pisidia; aside from this no attempt is made to split Por- cellana because the atypical species inhabit territory outside the scope of this paper. In the opinion of the writer, the genus should be limited to forms closely related to the type species, Porcellana platycheles (Pennant), 1777, and having the combination of characters enumerated above. In addition to the eastern Atlantic type species the genus would then include Porcellana sayana (Leach), 1820, P. sigsheiana A. Milne Edwards, 1880, and P. frontalis Heller, 1862, western Atlantic; P. pulchra Stimpson, 1858, western Pacific; and P. hancocki, P. paguri- conviva, and P. cancrisocialis, all eastern Pacific. species described by Glassell. Porcellana corbicola, described herein, has several atypical features including chelipeds much like those of Porcellanella White, 1852, and walking legs without movable spinules on the lower margins of propodus and dactylus. Nothing is known of its affinities at present, and until the Porcellanidae as a whole can be revised it is tentatively placed in Porcellana. Key To THE EASTERN PAciFic SPECIES la. Fingers opening vertically; telson of abdomen with 5 plates ee LS fy wes fe ee corbicola 1b. Fingers opening eevaneally or Sener obliquely ; telson of abdomen with 7 plates : ; 2a. Lateral margin with a deep, narrow i at ee groove; manus slender, its surface somewhat swollen . . hancocki i) 198 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 2b. No notch on lateral margin at cervical groove; manus broad, its surface Hat <3) eye ae gel 3a. Epibranchial angle with two or three spinules; frontal teeth pointed at tips, median one spinulate on margins Site a, EUR UMP ae yc Sd a os BNF cancrisocialis 3b. Epibranchial angle unarmed; frontal teeth rounded at tips, median one not spinulate . . . . . paguriconviva Porcellana hancocki Glassell Plate 38, fig. 3; text-fig. 9(1) Porcellana hancocki Glassell, 1937, p. 87 (listed only); 1938b, p. 5 (description; type locality, Bahia de los Angeles, Gulf of Cali- fornia). Previous records; Gulf of California. Bahia de los Angeles: Velero IIIT (Glassell 1938). Bahia de Santa Inés; Arena Bank: Zaca (Glas- sell 1937). Diagnosis: Carapace strongly convex transversely; frontal teeth narrow, pointed at tips, median tooth somewhat broader and more produced than other two; lateral margin with a deep, narrow notch at cervical groove, followed in smaller specimens by a small spine at epi- branchial angle; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, with a low rounded lobe on proximal third of anterior margin, the lobe spine-tipped in small specimens; fingers opening horizontally or somewhat obliquely; telson seven-plated. Description: Carapace covered with faint plications and flattened fine granules; strongly convex transversely, highest at midline; regions not distinct except for protogastric lobes, the latter fringed with plu- mose hairs; carapace elsewhere faintly pubescent, especially on frontal region. Frontal teeth narrow, acute, directed forward, all extending be- yond eyes; median tooth with a distinct longitudinal groove, some- what more produced and broader than lateral teeth and separated from them by a wide V-shaped notch. Outer orbital angle sometimes with a small, short tooth. Lateral margin with a deep, narrow, V-shaped notch at cervical groove; epibranchial angle with a small spine in younger specimens, this spine obsolescent in adults. Movable segments of antenna more or less smooth, without pro- jections; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose, ischium covered with long plumose hairs. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 199 1 Text-fig. 9. Basal segment of right antennule of 1, Porcellana hancocki, x 24; 2, P. cancrisocialis, x 24; 3, P. paguriconviva, x 23. Chelipeds covered with small flattened granules. Merus with a broad, strongly projecting, triangular tooth or rounded lobe on anterior margin; anterior and posterior margins fringed with plumose hairs. Carpus about one and a half times as long as broad, with a low rounded lobe on proximal third of anterior margin; scattered plumose hairs near posterior margin. Palm (as well as fingers) lying in a nearly horizontal plane, rather slender, dorsal surface somewhat swollen; outer half of dorsal surface and surface of pollex with short plumose hairs, produced into a long fringe along outer margin. Gape of fingers without pubescence. Walking legs long and slender, lightly rugose; merus of leg 3 not inflated ; all segments with a distinct fringe of plumose hairs along an- terior margin, surface covered with scattered plumose hairs. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. Variations: In small specimens the lateral margin of the carapace is more deeply notched at the cervical groove. The anterior carpal lobe is very low and not armed with a spine in the largest individuals ex- amined ; in smaller specimens it is somewhat more produced and bears a narrow, distally directed spine at its distal end. Material examined: Entrance to Bahia de los Angeles, Gulf of California, 25 fathoms; March 3, 1936; Velero III station 538-36; male, holotype (Allan Hancock Foundation Cat. No. 363), and one ovi- gerous female paratype. Entrance to Bahia de los Angeles, 25-40 fathoms; March 2, 1936; Velero III station 535-36; one male and one ovigerous female, para- types. Bahia de los Angeles, 32 fathoms; March 20, 1937; Velero III station 701-37; three males, two females. 200 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Measurements: Males, 3.9 to 8.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.7 and 5.8 mm; ovigerous females, 4.8 and ca. 8.0 mm. The male holo- type is 6.3 mm in length, 5.8 mm in width; an ovigerous female para- type, 4.8 by 4.2 mm. Color: In alcohol, carapace with orange-red blotches on a cream- colored ground. Propodi of ambulatories banded. Ventral surface slightly iridescent. (Glassell, 1938b) Ecology: Porcellana hancocki has been taken in depths of 25 to 40 fathoms, from substrates of mud, sand, and sand and shell. Commensal- ism with pagurids or other organisms has not been noted. Ovigerous females have been recorded for March only. Relationships: Porcellana hancocki is closely related to the western Atlantic species P. sigsheiana A. Milne Edwards, 1880. The latter form has a notch at the cervical groove, and a lobe and spine on the an- terior margin of the carpus, much like those characteristic of P. han- cocki. It differs in having the walking legs proportionately much shorter and stouter than in P. hancocki. P. sigsbeiana has been reported from depths of 27 to 215 fathoms. Remarks: The holotype was given a U. S. National Museum catalog number by Glassell (1938b). However, the holotype belongs to the Allan Hancock Foundation and is deposited in that institution with catalog number 363. The specimens recovered by the Velero III at station 701-37 will be deposited in the U. S. National Museum. Range: Known only from three localities in the Gulf of California: Bahia de los Angeles, Bahia de Santa Inés, and Arena Bank. 25 to 40 fathoms. Porcellana cancrisocialis Glassell Plate 38, fig. 2; text-fig. 9(2) Porcellana cancrisocialis Glassell, 1936, p. 292 (type locality, Punta Pefiasco, Sonora, Gulf of California) ; 1937, p. 86. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 458. Haig, 1957b, p. 13. Previous records: Gulf of California. Punta Pefiasco, Sonora; San Felipe: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Estero de la Luna: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Arena Bank: Zaca (Glassell 1937). Ecuador. 3 mi W of Cabo de Santa Elena: Askoy (Haig). COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 201 Diagnosis: Carapace somewhat convex transversely, thickly covered with long plumose and non-plumose hairs; median frontal tooth broad, its margins spinulate, produced a little beyond narrow lateral teeth, all three pointed at tips; epibranchial angle rounded, bearing two or three minute spinules; carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, proximal third of anterior margin with a broad, strongly projecting lobe tipped with a distally directed spine; fingers opening horizontally or somewhat obliquely; telson seven-plated. Description: Carapace covered with faint plications and flattened fine granules; somewhat convex transversely; regions not distinct; covered with long, scattered plumose and non-plumose hairs, most thickly on frontal and protogastric regions. Frontal teeth acute, extend- ing beyond eyes, lateral ones narrow, slightly converging; median one broad and slightly more produced, somewhat concave, its margins spinu- late, separated from lateral teeth by a narrow U-shaped notch. Outer orbital angle produced into a broad tooth. Epibranchial angle rounded, distinct, bearing two or three minute spinules. Movable segments of antenna more or less smooth, without projec- tions; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under mag- nification. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds covered with small flattened granules. Merus with a broad, rugose, strongly projecting, spine-tipped lobe on anterior mar- gin; surface with a few long, scattered plumose hairs, especially toward posterior margin. Carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide; a broad, strongly projecting lobe on proximal third of anterior margin, the lobe rounded on its proximal side, angled on its distal side, and tipped with a distally directed spine; surface covered with tufts of long, non-plumose setae. Palm (as well as fingers) lying in a nearly hori- zontal plane, broad, dorsal surface flat, outer margin strongly curved ; thickly covered with tufts of long, non-plumose setae, becoming inter- mingled with plumose hairs toward outer margin, latter bearing a long, thick fringe of plumose hairs. Dactylus thickly covered with long non- plumose setae, outer margin of pollex with a long fringe of plumose hairs; gape without pubescence. Walking legs rather stout, lightly rugose; merus with a fringe of plumose hairs along anterior margin, that of leg 3 inflated; all seg- ments with tufts of long non-plumose setae. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. Material examined: See Table 60. 202 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Measurements: Males, 2.9 to 7.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.4 to 7.6 mm; ovigerous females, 3.4 to 8.1 mm. The male holotype measures 5.7 mm in length, 4.8 mm in breadth; a female paratype, 5.4 by 4.8 mm. Color: Ground color in life an ivory yellow, overcast with lavender and blood red spots. Protogastric regions lighter. Chelipeds same as carapace. Ambulatory legs banded with white on propodus. (Glassell, 1936) Carapace light aniline lilac with open irregular netting of dull cad- mium orange, except on frontal regions where color is more red. Eyes dull mauve. Chela color as in carapace, but netting pale and broken. Fingers darker and slightly red. Ambulatory legs lighter than carapace and netting bright and distinct. A white band at distal end of propodus. Ventral side white. (Petersen, of a live specimen from Costa Rica) Ecology: Glassell (1936) reported the species to be commensal with a large hermit crab, Petrochirus californiensis Bouvier; he noted that usually a pair of the porcellanid occupies a shell, but that one or three specimens may be present. Steinbeck and Ricketts (1941) found it “in container of hermit crabs from Estero de la Luna (where Dardanus sinistripes and Pagurus albus were taken). At three Hancock Foun- dation stations (209-34, 480-35, 681-37) large shells were recovered which may have contained specimens of Porcellana cancrisocialis. The specimen taken by Dawson and Durham at Guaymas was from “mud flats,” perhaps from shells. The large number of stations for which no commensalism was noted indicates that crabs of this species are probably free-living most of the time, only occasionally seeking shelter in shells with hermit crabs. The species has been recovered free-living from shore to a depth of 54 fathoms. Analysis of 23 Hancock Foundation dredging stations for which bottom data are available shows the following: sand (9 stations), sand and shell (3), sand with kelp (2), sandy mud (2), mud (2), mud and shell (1), sand and nullipores (1), sand, gravel, and mud (1), corallines (1), corallines and nullipores (1). Substrates of sand and of mud were recorded for specimens from the Askoy Expedition and from Hamburg Museum collections, respectively. Glassell (1937) re- ported the species from sand with weed. Ovigerous females have been encountered in every month from De- cember through May, and in August. Relationships: This species is very closely related to Porcellana sayana (Leach), 1820, from the western Atlantic. The latter form dif- COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 203 fers in having only one spinule at the epibranchial angle, this spinule disappearing entirely in larger specimens; in addition, in larger speci- mens the spinules on either side of the median frontal tooth take the form of small lobes projecting from the sides of the median tooth. Otherwise no significant differences were noted. More detailed studies of both species may be necessary to determine whether the east and west American populations should both be accorded full specific rank. Remarks: Porcellana cancrisocialis was previously reported only from the Gulf of California and from Ecuador. Specimens are now known from many stations in the intervening territory. Range: Bahia de Santa Maria and Punta Tosco, Baja California; Punta Pefiasco, Gulf of California, south to Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador; Isla Isabel off the Mexican coast. Shore to 54 fathoms. Porcellana paguriconviva Glassell Plate 38, fig. 1; text-fig. 9(3) Porcellana paguriconviva Glassell, 1936, p. 293 (type locality, Punta Pefiasco, Sonora, Gulf of California) ; 1937, p. 87. Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 458. Previous records: Gulf of California. Punta Pefiasco, Sonora; S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Bahia de Santa Inés: Zaca (Glassell 1937). Bahia Concepcion: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly flat transversely; median frontal tooth broad, projecting far beyond narrow lateral teeth, all three rounded at tips; epibranchial angle rounded, unarmed; carpus only slightly longer than wide, anterior margin with a strongly projecting, rounded lobe, margins converging from its highest point; fingers opening horizon- tally or somewhat obliquely; telson seven-plated. Description: Carapace covered with faint transverse plications and punctae; nearly flat transversely; regions not distinct; naked or with a faint pubescence on anterior regions. Median frontal tooth broad, rounded at tip, with a faint median groove, projecting far beyond lateral teeth, the latter narrow, rounded at tips, directed forward, and extending beyond eyes. Outer orbital angle produced into a broad rounded tooth. Epibranchial angle rounded, distinct, unarmed. Movable segments of antenna more or less smooth, without projec- tions; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magni- fication. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. 204 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Chelipeds nearly smooth or lightly granular. Merus with a broad, rugose, strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin, this lobe not tipped with a spine; a few short scattered plumose hairs along posterior mar- gin. Carpus only slightly longer than wide; anterior margin with a strongly projecting, rounded lobe, anterior and posterior margins con- verging from its highest point; naked or with traces of pubescence. Palm (as well as fingers) lying in a nearly horizontal plane, broad, dorsal surface flat; outer margin and outer margin of pollex with a long, thick fringe of plumose hairs, this fringe sometimes short and scattered or completely absent. Gape of fingers without pubescence. Walking legs stout, lightly rugose; merus fringed on anterior mar- gin with plumose hairs, that of leg 3 inflated; other segments with tufts of plumose and non-plumose hairs. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. Material examined: See Table 61. Measurements: Males, 3.2 to 6.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.3 to 6.0 mm; ovigerous females, 5.2 to 8.1 mm. The male holotype measures 5.8 mm in length, 5.1 mm in breadth; a female paratype, 5.6 by 5.1 mm. Color: Ground color in life bright lavender, with uniform longi- tudinal stripes of bright orange. Chelipeds bright lavender; legs with a white spot on propodus. Ventral side iridescent, pinkish white; longi- tudinal stripes of carapace continued on first three segments of abdo- men. (Glassell, 1936) Ecology: ‘““Vhese little crabs are commensal with the large hermit crab, Petrochirus californiensis Bouvier, 1895. The usual association is: the Pagurid host, occupying the shell of Phyl/onotus nigritus (Philippi), accompanied by a large Pollonoid worm and a pair of these little Porcel- lanids. At times the inner face of the shell may have a Crepidula nivea Gould, attached, and this in turn may be commensalized with the Pinno- therid, Fabia granti Glassell.” (Glassell, 1936) “Appeared in the trays wherein we preserved the large hermit crabs Paguristes digueti.” (Steinbeck and Ricketts) Commensalism was not noted for specimens dredged by the Velero III, but shells were collected along with them at two stations (480-35, 481-35) and the organisms may have been asso- ciated. ‘The type series was collected by S. A. Glassell at low tide in the littoral; other specimens for which data are available were taken in depths of 2 to 50 fathoms. A substrate of sand and shell seems to be COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 205 the favored habitat; other bottoms recorded were sand; mud and sand; sand and kelp; and mud and shell. Ovigerous females have been collected in January, February, March, May, and July. Relationships: In the form of the carapace this species most closely resembles Porcellana pulchra Stimpson, 1858, known from Japan and China. In the western Pacific form the carpus, manus, and walking legs are considerably longer and more slender than in P. paguriconviva. Remarks: Porcellana paguriconviva has been reported only from the Gulf of California. The range is now extended southward to Costa Rica. Range: Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California; Punta Penasco, Gulf of California, south to Bahia Cocos, Costa Rica. Shore to 50 fathoms. Porcellana corbicola, new species Plate 15 Type: Holotype, ovigerous female, Allan Hancock Foundation Cat. No. 375, from off Rocas Consag, Gulf of California, Mexico, 10-25 fath- oms; March 24, 1937; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedi- tion of 1937 at Velero III station 719-37. Diagnosis: Carapace strongly convex transversely; frontal teeth nar- row, lateral teeth pointed at tips, median tooth rounded at tip, some- what broader and more produced than other two; a strong spine at epibranchial angle; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed; fingers opening vertically; telson five-plated. Description: Carapace strongly convex both transversely and front to back, covered with light transverse plications; regions not distinct ; median frontal tooth covered with plumose hairs extending beyond the tooth in a long tuft, carapace elsewhere with slight traces of pubescence. Median frontal tooth rather narrow, rounded at tip, separated by a broad U-shaped notch from lateral teeth, the latter narrower, pointed at tips, directed forward, and less strongly produced. Outer orbital angle produced into a small, acute tooth. Epibranchial angle marked by a strong, spine-tipped tooth; lateral margins subparallel. Movable segments of antenna more or less smooth, without projec- tions; both flagella missing on only specimen seen. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Merus of chelipeds lightly striate on dorsal surface, anterior margin with a broad, very strongly produced, rounded lobe; ventral surface 206 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 lightly striate and thickly covered with short plumose hairs on lobe, rest of surface smooth and devoid of hairs. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin forming a low curve; dorsal sur- face covered with small flattened granules, appearing almost smooth, and with traces of pubescence; ventral surface nearly smooth, proximal half with a tuft of plumose hairs, this tuft showing from dorsal side beyond anterior margin. Hand and fingers nearly smooth dorsally and ventrally as in carpus, lying on a vertical plane with inner margin of hand uppermost and fingers opening and closing vertically. Hand slen- der, dorsal surface swollen and with traces of pubescence; outer (lower) margin rounded. Fingers about half as long as palm, hooked and cross- ing at tips, dactylus strongly curved; gape with short plumose hairs, extending nearly to tips of fingers and onto ventral surface of palm, a few longer non-plumose hairs interspersed with plumose ones. Walking legs long and slender, nearly smooth, covered with scat- tered, short non-plumose setae. Telson of abdomen with five plates. Measurements: Ovigerous female holotype: length 6.0 mm, breadth 4.7 mm. Color: No traces of the original coloration remain in the unique specimen. Ecology: The holotype was dredged in 10-25 fathoms, ‘‘with basket- stars” according to the accompanying label. ‘The basket stars taken at station 719-37 were Astrocaneum spinosum (Lyman). The crab was probably, although not certainly, attached to the ophiuran. Further col- lections will be necessary to determine whether a commensal relation- ship actually exists. The type specimen, which was collected in late March, bears a large number of well-developed eggs. Remarks: The type is unfortunately soft-shelled and consequently some of the normal characters of the species may be obscured. This is especially true of the propodus and dactylus of the walking legs, which do not appear, even under high magnification, to bear supplementary movable spinules on their lower margins. Structures resembling small spinules could be made out on some of the legs, but these may simply be setae. If Porcellana corbicola actually has such spinules they are greatly reduced in number and size, a feature uncharacteristic of the typical Porcellana species, as are the five-plated telson and the vertical position of the hand and fingers. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 207 The specific name is from the Latin corbis, a basket, and colere, to dwell in, inhabit, in reference to the probable association of the species with basket stars. Range: At present known only from the type locality, Rocas Consag, Gulf of California, 10 to 25 fathoms. PISIDIA Leach 1820 Pisidia Leach, 1820, p. 53. Type species: Pisidia linnaeana Leach, 1820 (present designation). Porcellanides Czerniavsky, 1884, p. 109 (type species Porcellanides kricz- agini Czerniavsky, 1884, by original designation). Streptochirus Stimpson, 1907, p. 188. Type species: Porcellana serrati- frons Stimpson, 1858 (present designation). Carapace approximately as long as broad, or slightly longer. Lateral margins with spinules or strong spines posterior to cervical groove. Front prominent, strongly tridentate or trilobate. Eyestalks short and stout, retractile. Basal segment of antenna strongly produced inward, forming a partial suborbital margin; produced forward and broadly in contact with anterior margin of carapace, with movable segments removed from orbit. Basal segment of antennule with several spines on anterior margin. Chelipeds large, strong, subequal. Fingers of one or both chelipeds twisted out of plane with manus. Propodus of walking legs with spinules on posterior margin; dactylus ending in a simple spine, posterior mar- gin with several movable accessory spinules. Contains several species; a single representative in the eastern Pa- cific. Remarks: The available but neglected name Pisidia is revived for the reception of a group of species usually included in Porcellana. Stimpson (1907) recognized the discrete nature of this group, but did not separate it from Porcellana. It is distinguished from all other porcel- lanid genera by the combination of characters given above; additional characters may become apparent when the species included in it are studied as a unit. The name was originally proposed by Leach (1820, p. 53), who used it for several species distinguished from Porcellana (which at that time contained all known members of the Porcellanidae) on the basis of one character only, the shape of the outer maxillipeds: “Les deuxiéme, 208 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 troisieme, quatriéme et cinquieme articles de la troisiéme paire de pattes [outer maxillipeds], comprimés et dilatés intérieurement; le sixieme alongé en triangle; la quatri¢me paire de pattes [chelipeds] comprimée.”’ In species belonging to Porcellana, according to Leach, the third article of the outer maxillipeds is cylindrical, the fourth and fifth dilated exteriorly. Desmarest (1825, p. 197) pointed out that Leach’s characterization of Porcellana was in error, the form of the outer maxillipeds being not as described by the latter author but on the contrary as in Pisidia; while following Leach’s classification, he believed that Pisidia should be suppressed since the two genera could not be separated on the basis of the characters given. The name Pisidia has been practically ignored by subsequent writers, including Stimpson (1858) in his synopsis of the porcellanid genera. Leach designated no type for Pisidia, in which he included species now placed in at least three genera. In order that the name may be applied to the group of species here separated from Porcellana, Pisidia linnaeana Leach=Porcellana longicornis (Linnaeus), 1766, is hereby designated the type of Pisidia. Czerniavsky (1884) characterized his new genus Porcellanides as having multiunguiculate dactyli as in Polyonyx Stimpson and Porcel- lanella White. From his illustrations of specimens from the Black Sea, however, it is evident that the dactyli do not have two or more strong fixed spines as in those genera, but rather a single spine and several small accessory spinules; from this character and others described by Czerniavsky, Porcellanides is clearly a synonym of Pisidia in the pres- ent sense. (It should be noted that the type species, Porcellanides kriczagini Czerniavsky from Singapore, was very briefly described and was not figured. Judging from the short description it is perhaps a synonym of Pisidia spinuligera (Dana), 1853; but until its status can be determined, Porcellanides can only provisionally be considered a synonym of Pisidia.) Stimpson (1907, p. 188), as mentioned above, recognized this group of species: “A group of small species [of Porcellana], with one of the hands much twisted and its fingers excavated, shows some other dif- ferences which serve to distinguish it from the typical group founded on the P. platycheles and similar forms. They might form a distinct genus (to which the name Streptochirus would be applicable), but they are so intimately connected with the others in the more essential char- acters that it is thought best not to separate them here.” The name 1 Cf. Makarov, 1938, pp. 106-107. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 209 Streptochirus does not seem to have appeared subsequently in the liter- ature. Porcellana serratifrons Stimpson, 1858, is hereby designated as its type species. Pisidia magdalenensis (Glassell) is the sole eastern Pacific repre- sentative of this genus; among related species formerly included in Porcellana are Pisidia longicornis (Linnaeus), 1766, P. bluteli (Risso), 1816, P. dehaanii (Krauss), 1843, P. suluensis (Dana), 1852, P. spinuligera (Dana), 1853, and P. streptocheles and serratifrons (Stimp- son), 1858. Pisidia magdalenensis (Glassell), new combination Plate 38, fig. 4; text-fig. 10 Porcellana magdalenensis Glassell, 1936, p. 295 (type locality, Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico) ; 1938a, p. 431, pl. 32. Haig, 1957b, p. 14. Previous records: Baja California. Bahia de la Magdalena: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Mexico. Bahia de Acapulco: W. Williams on Stranger (Glassell 1938a). Panama. Isla Perico: Albatross (Glassell 1938a). Isla Contadora and Isla Saboga, Islas de las Perlas: Askoy (Haig). Colombia. Bahia Utria; Bahia Malaga: Askoy (Haig). Diagnosis: Carapace spinulate on lateral and orbital margins; front with three rounded lobes, spinulate on their margins; carpus with an- terior margin sinuous, spinulate; fingers of major cheliped straight, meeting entire length or nearly so; fingers of minor cheliped widely gaping, dactylus strongly curved and contorted. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, covered with light or strong transverse plications; regions distinct; surface with a light pubescence, forming long tufts on protogastric regions and sometimes scattered tufts elsewhere anteriorly. Frontal lobes about equal in breadth, minutely spinulate on margins; lateral lobes rounded, median lobe con- siderably produced beyond them, with a strong median groove, tip pointed but slightly deflexed and appearing rounded in dorsal view. Orbits shallow, oblique, margined with spinules; outer orbital angle not strongly produced; hepatic margin with from three to five spinules, posterior one largest; epibranchial angle strongly projecting, sometimes margined with minute spinules. Lateral spinules posterior to cervical groove distinct. Inward projection of basal segment of antenna spinulate on its an- terior margin, the spinules visible in dorsal view; first movable seg- 210 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Text-fig. 10. Basal segment of right antennule of Pisidia magdalenensis, x 40. ment with a spinule or conical tubercle on anterior margin; second granular or with spinules on anterior margin; third more or less smooth; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magnifica- tion. Outer maxillipeds lightly rugose. Chelipeds lightly granular or somewhat rugose, one a little larger than the other. Merus with a broad, strongly projecting rounded lobe on anterior margin, lobe edged with minute spinules and often with a distinct small spine; devoid of hairs or nearly so in males, pubescent in females. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, a little longer in large specimens, usually devoid of hairs in males, pubescent in females; anterior margin slightly sinuous, armed with one or two spinules in males, about three strong spinules and a number of smaller ones in females; dorsal surface with a longitudinal crest, another along posterior margin, these crests sometimes spinulate. Manus with a strong longitudinal crest on dorsal surface, the crest sometimes spinulate; a nar- row crest along outer margin extending to tip of pollex, minutely gran- ular or spinulate; in major cheliped, dorsal surface devoid of hairs or nearly so in males, pubescent and with a long fringe of plumose hairs along outer margin in females; in minor cheliped, outer half of upper surface in both sexes densely covered with long plumose hairs. Fingers in major cheliped shorter than palm, not contorted, meeting entire length or slightly gaping, gape with a short pubescence confined to their proxi- mal ends. Fingers in minor cheliped as long as palm; dactylus strongly curved, twisted out of plane with manus, often spinulate along outer margin, surface pubescent; pollex covered with long plumose hairs; fingers strongly gaping, meeting only at tips, their inner surfaces cov- ered with a dense, short pubescence extending nearly to tips, and with scattered long non-plumose setae. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE ott Walking legs long and slender, lightly rugose, with scattered plu- mose and non-plumose hairs; no spines on anterior margins. Telson of abdomen composed of seven plates. Variations: The spinules on the frontal and lateral margins and on the anterior margins of the manus and carpus are usually stronger in females than in males. The crests on the dorsal surface and posterior margin of the carpus, and dorsal surface and outer margin of the manus, are sometimes spinulate and sometimes not; these spinules are more often present in females. The dactylus of the minor cheliped is more markedly contorted in males than in females. Material examined: See Table 62. Measurements: Males, 2.1 to 4.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 1.8 to 3.7 mm; ovigerous females, 2.4 to 4.7 mm. The ovigerous female holotype measures 4.5 mm in length, 4.6 mm in width. Color: In alcohol, carapace cream; chelipeds orange-red ; ambulatory legs cream, banded with red or orange. (Glassell, 1938a) The color in life has not been recorded. Ecology: Pisidia magdalenensis has occasionally been taken under stones in the intertidal zone, probably at low tide. It occurs more com- monly in deeper water, and has been dredged in depths to 25 fathoms. The types were taken ‘evidently among sponges and corallines” (Glas- sell) ; the Zaca dredged it from a bottom covered with mangrove leaves, and the Askoy from mud and sand and from coral. Analysis of sub- strates from which Hancock Foundation specimens were recovered showed the following: sand (7 stations) ; sand and shell (5) ; and rock; shell; rock, shell, and gorgonids; mud and shell; rock, coral, and nulli- pores; rock and sand; sand and mud; shells and vegetation, 1 station each. It was taken from sponge dredged by the Velero IV in 1-4 fathoms at Acapulco. Except for its occasional association with corals and sponges, it is apparently not a commensal species. Ovigerous females have been collected in every month from Decem- ber through May, and in July. Relationships: This species is the sole New World representative of its genus. It seems to be most closely allied to the east Atlantic Pisidia longicornis (Linnaeus), 1766, and the Indo-Pacific P. serratifrons (Stimpson), 1858. 212 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Remarks: Pisidia magdalenensis seems to be completely absent from the Gulf of California, although it appears commonly in shallow-water dredge hauls throughout the rest of the Panamic Province. Records are lacking for the region between the southern end of the Baja California peninsula and White Friars Islands, which le at about 17° 31’ north latitude. Range: Bahia de Santa Maria, Baja California, south to Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador; absent from the Gulf of California. Shore to 25 fathoms. MEGALOBRACHIUM Stimpson 1858 Megalobrachium Stimpson, 1858, p. 228 (type species Megalobrachium granuliferum Stimpson, 1858, by original designation). Porcellanides Nobili, 1901b, p. 21 (type species Porcellanides festae Nobili, 1901, by monotypy). Preoccupied by Porcellanides Czer- niavsky, 1884. Porcellanopsis Rathbun, 1910, p. 601 (type species Porcellanides festae Nobili, 1901, by monotypy).* Pisonella Glassell, 1938a, p. 436 (type species Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) sinuimanus Lockington, 1878, by original designation). Carapace approximately as long as broad, strongly convex front to back. Front prominent, trilobate to tridentate; strongly deflexed, the teeth or lobes usually not visible in dorsal view. Outer orbital angles not produced; eyes usually very small, often not visible in dorsal view. Basal segment of antenna strongly produced forward and broadly in contact with anterior margin of carapace, with movable segments far removed from orbit; inner side truncate, not produced inward. Movable segments slender. Basal segment of antennule very small, the two not meeting at the midline, recessed behind front, latter projecting over them like a shelf; a tooth sometimes present on inner side of anterior margin. Chelipeds large, often robust; carpus and manus with longitudinal ridges or strong tubercular protuberances. Walking legs variable in length, smooth to tuberculate; propodus with movable accessory spinules on posterior margin; dactylus ending 1 “Porcellanopsis, new genus, for Porcellanides Nobili, 1901, preoccupied by Porcellanides Czerniawsky, 1884 .. .”. If Porcellanopsis is taken to be a substitute name as Miss Rathbun apparently intended, rather than a new genus, the type species is still Porcellanides festae Nobili. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 215 in a simple spine, with small movable accessory spinules on posterior margin. Telson of abdomen composed of either seven or five plates. Contains 10 known species, which are confined to the west and east American coasts. Remarks: All species referred to Megalobrachium and Porcellanop- sis Were examined during this study. When they were considered as a series, ranging progressively from forms with rounded, shallow frontal lobes and slender, smooth walking legs to those with deeply cut frontal teeth and stout, tuberculate walking legs, it became apparent that there is no clear-cut distinction between the two groups as characterized by Chace (1942, pp. 99-101). It seems best, therefore, to combine all these forms in a single genus, even though the extremes of the series are very unlike in some respects. The following combination of characters is com- mon to all these species and easily sets them apart from other genera: strongly deflexed front; basal segment of antennae broadly in contact with anterior margin of carapace; and small, recessed basal antennular segments. Key To THE EASTERN PaciFic SPECIES la. Telson of abdomen with 7 plates 2 1b. Telson of abdomen with 5 plates Pe 6 2a. Carapace and chelipeds heavily eroded . . . erosum 2b. Carapace and chelipeds smooth to roughened, but never heavily eroded NORD Et Mes Mme : or ; 3 3a. Carpus with a narrow, Blige ee on see al al of anterior margin . : . - : sinuimanus 3b. Carpus unarmed, or at most et a iche projection at antero- proxtmalpaneletos pers es, Peal 2 isaetcge eh teed 4a. Carapace and chelipeds thickly eae with coarse hairs am Seat ° : : 6 < 5 5 : 5 poeyt 4b. Carapace and chelipeds naked or lightly pubescent. . . 5 5a. Carapace roughened; front with three shallow lobes . smithi 5b. Carapace nearly smooth; front with three teeth separated by deep rounded notches . . . . . «. #£peruvianum 6a. Carapace, chelipeds, and walking legs covered with small shallow pits .. So ae Cartne 6b. Carapace, chelipeds, oH wales fess Pibereniore a Ney 7a. Antero- and posterolateral margins forming a distinct angle behind mid-branchial level; lateral margins entire . _ festai 7b. Lateral margins rounded, dentate . . . tuberculipes 214 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Megalobrachium poeyi (Guérin) Plate 16, fig. 4; plate 39, fig. 1 Restricted synonymy: Porcellana poeyi Guérin, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 4 (type locality, Cuba). Megalobrachium granuliferum Stimpson, 1858, p. 228 (listed only; type locality, Antilles) ; 1859, p. 76 (description; type localities restricted to Barbados and St. Thomas). Megalobrachium poeyi, Benedict, 1901, p. 136, pl. 3, fig. 8. Boone, 1931, p. 150, text-fig. 5.. Haig, 1956a, p. 34. Previous Pacific records: Costa Rica. Bahia de Salinas: Velero III (Haig). Panama. Isla Taboguilla: W. G. Van Name (Boone). Diagnosis: Carapace roughly granular, posterolateral regions pli- cate to rugose; lateral margins rounded; surface covered with long plumose and non-plumose hairs; front with three shallow lobes; carpus a little over one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed, surface with longitudinal crests; manus with longitudinal crests, outer margin with a thick fringe of hairs; telson with seven plates. Description: Carapace approximately as broad as long or slightly broader, lateral margins rounded; posterolateral regions plicate or some- times rather strongly rugose, rest of surface with small rough granules; entire surface covered with scattered long plumose and non-plumose hairs, and frontal region with a short thick fringe of coarse clavate hairs. Front projecting a little beyond eyes, trilobate or nearly trans- verse in dorsal view; trilobate in frontal view, the lobes shallow, about equal in length and breadth, lateral ones rounded, median triangular. Eyes visible in dorsal view. Side walls and abdomen covered with long, coarse, clavate hairs. Movable segments of antenna finely granular, without anterior pro- jections, and bearing scattered, coarse clavate hairs; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxilli- peds punctate. Chelipeds covered with large, coarse granules. Merus with a low ridge on anterior margin; a few scattered, coarse clavate hairs on dorsal surface and a thick fringe on posterior margin. Carpus a little over one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed; surface with two broad, low, longitudinal crests and a third along posterior mar- gin, these crests defined by narrow grooves; posterior margin with a COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 215 fringe of coarse clavate hairs and slender setae. Manus with three low crests on dorsal surface and a fourth along outer margin, these crests defined by grooves; outer margin of manus and pollex with a thick fringe of coarse clavate hairs and scattered, long, slender setae. Gape with a pile of short, coarse clavate hairs extending nearly entire length of each finger. Walking legs slender, faintly rugose, covered with thick, coarse clavate hairs and scattered, long, slender setae. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. Material examined: See Table 63. Measurements: Measurements were taken on only four Pacific spec- imens: two males, 6.5 and 8.0 mm, and two non-ovigerous females, 7.6 and 8.4 mm. This is apparently the largest member of the genus. Color: The color in life has not been recorded. Some of the ex- amined preserved specimens were a dark brownish-orange, with hairs of about the same shade. These crabs often appear dark brown or black because the hairs covering them are coated with fine silt. Ecology: The Velero III specimens and the one collected for the American Museum of Natural History and reported by Boone (1931) were taken in the intertidal zone under stones; no collecting data were available for the rest of the Pacific coast material. In the Atlantic, the species has been reported in the littoral among rocks and associated with corals, and to a depth of 25 fathoms. No ovigerous females from the Pacific coast were examined. Remarks: The six specimens listed in Table 63 are the only ones known from the Pacific coast, where the species is apparently uncom- mon. Range: Bahia de Salinas, Costa Rica, south to San Francisco, Panama. Western Atlantic, throughout the Caribbean area. Megalobrachium smithi (Glassell) Plate 16, fig. 5; plate 39, fig. 2 Pisosoma smithi Glassell, 1936, p. 286 (type locality, Miramar Beach near Guaymas, Sonora, Gulf of California). Pisonella smithi, Glassell, 1938a, pp. 437, 442. Megalobrachium smithi, Chace, 1942, p. 100. Previous records: Gulf of California. Punta Pefiasco, Sonora; Punta Sargent, Sonora; Miramar Beach near Guaymas, Sonora; Isla del Carmen; Isla Espiritu Santo: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). 216 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 24 Diagnosis: Carapace roughened, granular near margins; lateral margins rounded ; front with three shallow lobes; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed or With a small triangular projection at anteroproximal angle, surface with longitudinal crests defined by grooves, grooves with series of short transverse ridges; manus flattened, with similar crests and ridges; telson with seven plates. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, lateral margins rounded, frontal region strongly deflexed; surface roughened, plicate, covered with fine punctae, and granular near margins; regions well marked; naked or with traces of hair on frontal region. Front strongly projecting beyond eyes, rounded in dorsal view; faintly trilobate in frontal view, lobes shallow, median lobe a little narrower than lateral ones. Eyes visible in dorsal view. First and second movable segments of antenna granular, without anterior projections; third nearly smooth; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds punc- tate or lightly rugose. Chelipeds covered with small, rough granules; devoid of hair. Merus with a high ridge or low lobe on anterior margin. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed or with a small triangular projection at anteroproximal angle; surface flattened, uneven, with two or three low longitudinal crests and a fourth along posterior margin, these crests defined by grooves sometimes containing series of short transverse ridges. Manus flattened, with three crests on dorsal surface and a fourth along outer margin, these crests defined by broad grooves containing short transverse ridges as in carpus. Gape of fingers devoid of pubescence. Walking legs slender, finely granular, with tufts of short plumose and non-plumose hairs. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. Material examined: See Table 64. Measurements: Males, 3.1 to 6.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.8 to 6.4 mm. The length of the non-ovigerous female holotype is 6.4 mm, its width 6.8 mm. Color: In alcohol, carapace cream; ambulatory legs light pink; ab- domen and sternum iridescent. (Glassell, 1936) Ecology: Megalobrachium smithi commonly occurs in the intertidal COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 217 zone, concealed beneath stones. On a few occasions specimens were re- covered from coral by Hancock Expeditions members. No ovigerous females were taken in December, January, February, and March, the only months in which the species was collected. Remarks: The U.S. National Museum paratype is a male, not a fe- male as stated in the first paragraph of the original description (Glas- sell, 1936, p. 286). In paragraph 7 of the description this paratype is correctly noted as a male. Megalobrachium smithi is often found in association with M. sinui- manus (Lockington). As noted by Glassell (1936), Lockington evidently had specimens of MJ. smithi but believed them to be variations of his M., sinuimanus. Range: Restricted to the Gulf of California, from Punta Pefiasco south to Isla Espiritu Santo. Megalobrachium sinuimanus (Lockington)* Plate 16, fig. 6; plate 39, fig. 3 Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) sinuimanus Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 401 (type localities, La Paz and Puerto Escondido, Gulf of California). Pisosoma sinuimanus, Glassell, 1937, p. 83. Pisonella sinuimanus, Glassell, 1938a, p. 437, pl. 34, fig. 2 (neotype designated; neotype locality, Puerto Escondido, Gulf of Cali- fornia). Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 457. Megalobrachium sinuimanus, Chace, 1942, p. 100. Not Petrolisthes sinuimanus, Nobili, 1901b, p. 15; Rathbun, 1910, p. 599: Previous records: Gulf of California. NE end Isla Tiburon: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 19382). Puerto Escondido: (Lockington); S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1938a) ; J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). Punta Lobos; Bahia San Gabriel, Isla Espiritu Santo: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). La Paz: (Lockington). Off Arena Bank: W. Beebe on Zaca (Glassell 1937). Lectotype: Female, 4.0 mm in length by 4.4 mm in width, in Paris Museum, labelled ‘“Pachycheles rotundus Lockington. Californie—Lock- 1 The International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature do not specify whether a compound noun when used as a specific name should be treated as a noun or as an adjective. The name simuimanus is here considered a noun in apposition to the generic name. 218 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 ington 6-99 (Type).” This specimen, one of two so labelled, is hereby selected as the lectotype of the present species (see Remarks). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth; lateral margins rounded; front with three lobes separated by shallow rounded notches; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a narrow, blunt tooth on proximal third, surface with longitudinal crests; manus with longitudinal crests; telson with seven plates. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, lateral margins rounded; surface covered with punctae and fine granules, the latter most distinct on ephibranchial regions; naked or with traces of hair anteriorly. Front strongly projecting beyond eyes, rounded in dorsal view; trilobate in frontal view, lateral lobes broad, rounded, median Icbe narrow, triangular, lobes separated by shallow rounded notches. Eyes very small, partly visible in dorsal view. Movable segments of antenna granular, first with a slight projec- tion on anterior margin; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds punctate. Chelipeds covered with coarse granules, naked or with traces of hair. Merus armed on anterior margin with a low granular lobe. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a nar- row, blunt tooth on proximal third; surface with three longitudinal crests, sometimes very strongly marked, and a fourth along posterior margin, these crests defined by broad grooves. Manus with three crests on dorsal surface, often strong as in carpus, and a fourth along outer margin, these crests defined by broad grooves. Gape of fingers devoid of pubescence. Walking legs rather slender, finely granular, with scattered short plumose and non-plumose hairs. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. Material examined: See Table 65. Measurements: Males, 1.9 to 5.9 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.2 to 6.0 mm; ovigerous female, 4.5 mm. Lockington’s largest specimen was said to measure 5.5 mm in length, but this specimen may have been M. garthi (see Remarks). The lectotype here selected is a female, 4.0 by 4.4 mm. Glassell’s male neotype is 6 mm in length, 6 mm in width; his female neoallotype, 4.5 by 5.0 mm. Color: The color in life varies from light cream to buff; ventral side slightly iridescent. (Glassell, 1937) ‘One of the vividly white crabs COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 219 taken on the coral sand which is also vividly white at this point [Bahia San Gabriel, Isla Espiritu Santo].”’ (Steinbeck and Ricketts) Ecology: “Found under coral and stones at low tide.” (Lockington) Hancock Expeditions collectors took them under stones at many inter- tidal stations, and also from coral heads in the tidal zone and to a depth of one fathom. Specimens were recovered by the Zaca Expedition from coral, Pocillopora ligulata, at 214 fathoms (Glassell, 1937). Of many females collected in January, February, and March, none were ovigerous. The single egg-bearing female seen or reported is in the Hancock Foundation collections, a specimen taken at Ensenada de San Francisco in May. Remarks: Glassell (1938a, p. 440) noted that the present species is subject to very little variation, in spite of Lockington’s statement that “This species varies considerably.” Like Glassell, the present writer has examined a large series of specimens and found much less variation than is indicated in Lockington’s description. Glassell (1936, p. 287) suggested that the Lockington account must have been based in part on Megalobrachium smithi (Glassell). From a careful analysis of Locking- ton’s description it seems very probable that among the “several speci- mens” in his type series were examples of MM. garthi Haig as well. Of the four lots of Lockington types in the Paris Museum, one con- sists of two specimens labelled “Pachycheles rotundus Lockington. Cali- fornie—Lockington 6-99 (Type).” Mr. J. Forest informs the writer that the smaller of these specimens, a female 4.0 mm in length by 4.4 mm in width, belongs to the species with which Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) sinuimanus Lockington has been identified by Glassell; the larger speci- men, a 5.2 x 5.5 mm female, fits the description of Megalobrachium garthi Haig. The reason for the name “Pachycheles rotundus” on the label is a mystery, for no species description was ever published under that name by Lockington or any other author. In any case, the evidence indicates that these two specimens are part of the series from which Lockington described Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) sinuimanus. The smaller of these specimens is selected as the lectotype for three reasons: (1) the greater part of Lockington’s description applies to the present species more closely than to Megalobrachium garthi; (2) Glas- sell applied Lockington’s name to the present species and designated a neotype; (3) to affix the name sinuimanus to the other extant type specimen would result in reducing M. garthi to synonymy and would 220 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 necessitate choosing a new name for the better known and more com- mon species. Specimens from Isla Flamenco, Panama, identified by Nobili (1901b) with the present species, were re-examined by the writer and found to be Petrolisthes lewisi austrinus, a taxon proposed herein. With the correction of Nobili’s record (which was repeated by Rathbun, 1910, and by Glassell, 1937 and 1938a, with the provenance given as Ecuador instead of Panama), the range of Megalobrachium sinuimanus becomes restricted to the Gulf of California and outlying islands. Range: Gulf of California, from Isla Angel de la Guarda to Mazat- lan; Isla Isabel and Islas Las Tres Marias. Shore to 2%4 fathoms. Megalobrachium garthi Haig Plate 16, fig. 7; plate 39, fig. 4 Pachycheles rotundus A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, p. 291 (nomen nudum). Pachycheles rotondus, A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, p. 293, footnote. Megalobrachium garthi Haig, 1957a, p. 39, pl. 10, figs. 1-5 (type lo- cality, Isla Turner S of Isla Tiburén, Gulf of California) ; 1957b, p. 14. Previous records: Gulf of California. Isla Turner S of Isla Tiburon: Velero III (Haig 1957a). Puerto Escondido or La Paz [as Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) sinuimanus|: (Lockington 1878). Mexico. Bahia Tangola-Tangola: (Haig 1957a). Colombia. Bahia Humboldt: Askoy (Haig 1957b). Diagnosis: Carapace covered with very small, shallow pits; lateral margins rounded; front with three lobes separated by shallow, rounded notches; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a narrow, blunt tooth a little proximad of center, surface with longitudinal crests; manus with longitudinal crests, defined by broad grooves containing rows of deep pits; telson with five plates. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, very strongly con- vex front to back and sharply deflexed anterior to gastric region; lateral margins rounded; entire surface thickly covered with very small, shal- low pits, visible only under magnification; lateral margins roughly granular; surface naked or with scattered plumose hairs. Front strongly COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE AEA | projecting beyond eyes, rounded in dorsal view; trilobate in frontal view, lateral lobes broad, truncate or very slightly rounded, median lobe narrow, triangular, separated by shallow, rounded notches from lateral lobes and slightly projecting beyond them. Eyes very small, partly visible in dorsal view. Movable segments of antenna pitted and slightly granular; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds pitted like carapace. Chelipeds covered with pits and coarse granules; naked or with scat- tered plumose hairs. Merus with a broad, granular, strongly project- ing lobe on anterior margin. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a narrow, blunt tooth or small rounded lobe a little proximad of the center; surface with two or three longi- tudinal crests defined by broad grooves, and another along posterior margin. Manus with three longitudinal crests and a fourth along outer margin, these crests defined by broad grooves, in each groove a row of deep pits. Gape of fingers without pubescence. Walking legs rather stout, covered with pits like those of carapace; with scattered plumose and non-plumose hairs. Merus, carpus, and pro- podus with crests on anterior margins; carpus and propodus crested on dorsal surface. Telson of abdomen with five plates. Material examined: See Table 66. Measurements: Males, 2.1 to 7.8 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.5 to 6.6 mm; ovigerous females, 3.1 to 6.5 mm. The largest recorded speci- men is the male holotype, which measures 7.8 mm in length, 7.9 mm in width. Color: In alcohol, carapace pale orange brown with a broad longi- tudinal white stripe; tips of fingers white. The white stripe on the cara- pace is not visible in all specimens. Ecology: Shore to 4 fathoms, under stones and in coral heads and sponges. The largest number of specimens came from masses of sponge dredged by the Velero IV at Bahia Santa Lucia, Acapulco, in 1-4 fathoms. Ovigerous females were collected in February and March. Remarks: The reference by A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier (1894) to Pachycheles rotundus (p. 291) and rotondus (p. 293, footnote) is apparently the only one in the literature for a porcellanid of that name. Two specimens bearing the name are in the collections of the Paris 222 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Museum (see Remarks under the preceding species account) and were seen by A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier. In a discussion of the first maxillipeds of various porcellanids these authors referred to Pachy- cheles rotondus (p. 293, footnote) ; the specimen which they evidently studied, for it now lacks the mouthparts on the right-hand side, is an example of Megalobrachium garthi. This species bears a superficial resemblance to Megalobrachium sinuimanus (Lockington) because of the blunt tooth on the anterior margin of the carpus. 7. garthi may be readily distinguished by the shallow pits covering the carapace, chelipeds, and walking legs, and espe- cially by the five-plated telson. Lockington failed to distinguish be- tween the two forms, and based the original description of M. sinuti- manus partly on specimens of M/. garthi (see preceding account). © Range: Isla Turner, Gulf of California, south to Puerto Utria, Colombia; Islas Las Tres Marias, Mexico. Shore to 4 fathoms. Megalobrachium erosum (Glassell) Plate 16, fig. 8; plate 40, fig. 2 Pisosoma erosa Glassell, 1936, p. 289 (type locality, Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico). Pisonella erosa, Glassell, 1938a, pp. 437, 442. Megalobrachium erosa, Chace, 1942, p. 100. Previous records: Baja California. Bahia de la Magdalena: S$. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Gulf of California. N end Isla Tiburén: S. A. Glassell (Glassell 1936). Diagnosis: Carapace heavily eroded, with strong, transverse ridges across posterior portion and large shallow pits along lateral margins; lateral margins rounded; front with three teeth separated by deep, rounded notches; carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a broad, low, triangular tooth occupying proximal third, surface with longitudinal rows of pits; manus with longitudinal rows of pits; telson with seven plates. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, lateral margins rounded; surface heavily eroded, with punctae and strong, transverse ridges across posterior regions, and large, shallow pits along lateral margins; anterior regions strongly marked; surface naked or with traces of pubescence. Front strongly projecting beyond eyes, rounded or faintly trilobate in dorsal view, with a deep median groove; tridentate COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 223 in frontal view, the lateral lobes narrow, truncate, median lobe nar- row, triangular, rounded at tip, lobes separated by deep, rounded notches, the three about equally projecting. Eyes visible in dorsal view. First and second movable segments of antenna roughly granular; third more or less smooth; flagellum naked or with vestigial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds roughly rugose. Chelipeds covered with small, coarse granules, naked or lightly pub- escent. Merus with a low, granular lobe on anterior margin; dorsal sur- face eroded, sometimes deeply so. Carpus about one and a half times as long as wide, with a broad, low, triangular tooth occupying proxi- mal third of anterior margin; surface with four longitudinal rows of large, often deep pits, giving surface an eroded appearance. Manus with three longitudinal crests on dorsal surface and a fourth along outer margin, these crests defined by broad grooves containing rows of pits, usually less marked than those of carpus. Gape of fingers naked or lightly pubescent. Walking legs slender, granular and pitted, and with scattered, short plumose and non-plumose hairs. Anterior margin of merus, carpus, and propodus with a high crest. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. Material examined: See Table 67. Measurements: Males, 2.3 to 6.2 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.4 to 5.9 mm. The female holotype measures 5 mm in length, 5.2 mm in width. Color: The color in alcohol is light pink, according to Glassell (1936). Specimens examined by the writer were pale buff to nearly white. Ecology: Megalobrachium erosum has been dredged in depths of 5 to 25 fathoms. Specimens taken by the Velero III and JV were from bottoms of sand and of sand with nullipores, two stations each; and shell and sand; rock and sand; coralline and nullipores, one station each. Glassell (1936) gave no information on substrates for the type series, but remarked: “The difficulty of obtaining undamaged specimens is due not only to its small size, but also to the hard materials which are brought up in the dredge with it.” No ovigerous females have been collected. Range: Punta Malarrimo south to Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California; Gulf of California, from Isla Angel de la Guarda south to Bahia de La Paz; Isla Isabel. 5 to 25 fathoms. 224 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Megalobrachium peruvianum, new species Plate 16, figs. 1-3, 9; plate 40, fig. 1 Types: Holotype, male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 102413, from Islas Lobos de Afuera, Peru, rocky shore; January 17, 1935; collected during Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition of 1935 at Velero III station 391-35. Paratypes: same data as holotype, one male, two ovigerous females (U. S. National Museum) ; one male, two females (one ovigerous) (Allan Hancock Foundation). Paratype: Junin, Chile, shore; December 10, 1904; collected by R. Paessler; one male (Ham- burg Museum Cat. No. K7739). Diagnosis: Carapace nearly smooth; lateral margins rounded; front with three teeth separated by deep, rounded notches; carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a small, triangular projection at anteroproximal angle, surface with longitudinal crests; manus with longitudinal crests; telson with seven plates. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, very strongly con- vex front to back; covered with small, flattened granules and appear- ing nearly smooth, posterolateral regions with light plications and punc- tae, a few scattered, larger granules near lateral margins; regions not distinct; surface lightly pubescent. Front strongly produced beyond eyes, rounded or broadly triangular in dorsal view; tridentate or strong- ly trilobate in frontal view, lateral lobes rather broad, truncate, median lobe narrow, triangular, rounded at tip, lobes separated by deep, rounded notches, the three about equally projecting. Eyes very small, usually visible in dorsal view. Movable segments of antenna smooth or lightly granular; flagellum with vestigial hairs visible only under magnification. Outer maxillipeds nearly smooth. Dorsal surface of chelipeds covered with small granules, a little larger and more distinct than those of carapace, and particularly out- standing on crests; granules somewhat enlarged and flattened on ven- tral surface; dorsal surface naked or lightly pubescent. Merus with a low but distinct, rounded, granular lobe on anterior margin. Carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin unarmed, somewhat sinuous, with a slight triangular projection at anteroproximal angle; dorsal surface with three low, longitudinal crests, the first near anterior margin, second about center, third just posterior to it, second and third not extending to distal end of carpus; posterior margin markedly convex, with a low longitudinal crest, the latter and dorsal COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 225 crests all defined by broad grooves; first crest the lowest, sometimes obsolescent. Manus with three low longitudinal crests and a fourth along outer margin, these crests defined by light grooves. Fingers straight, lightly grooved in center, meeting for entire length or only slightly gaping; gape naked or with traces of pubescence. Walking legs rather short and stout, covered with small, low gran- ules. Merus with a short anterior fringe of plumose hairs; all segments with long, scattered non-plumose setae. Telson of abdomen with seven plates. Measurements: Holotype male: length 5.6 mm, width 5.4 mm. Para- types: males, 4.9 to 5.3 mm; non-ovigerous female, 4.7 mm; ovigerous females, 4.2 to 4.8 mm. Color: No trace of color remained in any of the specimens examined. Ecology: All the material was taken in the intertidal zone, appar- ently under stones. Ovigerous females collected in January were in- cluded in the lot from Peru. Relationships: Megalobrachium peruvianum is most closely allied to a western Atlantic species, M. roseum (Rathbun), 1900. In the latter form the posterolateral angles of the carapace are more posteriorly lo- cated, and the anterolateral margins diverge slightly to these angles, instead of being subparallel as in M. peruvianum; there are a few small tubercles on the carapace surface; the crests on the chelipeds are higher and tend to become tuberculate; and the walking legs are somewhat nodulate. The telson of the abdomen is seven-plated in both species. Remarks: Among material examined by the writer during prepara- tion of a report on the Anomura of Chile (Haig, 1955) was the Ham- burg Museum specimen from Junin, listed above. This was recognized at the time as an undescribed species, but was not included in the re- port on Chilean Anomura; it was believed that the Junin record was erroneous, since Megalobrachium is typically a tropical genus. Subse- quently the Hancock Foundation specimens from Peru have become available for examination. The Junin record may now be accepted as correct, and another species added to the Chilean anomuran fauna. The name peruvianum was chosen for this species because of its surprising occurrence in the Peruvian faunal province. Range: Known only from the two localities listed above, Islas Lobos de Afuera, Peru, and Junin, Chile. 226 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Megalobrachium festai (Nobili), new combination Plate 16, fig. 10; plate 40, fig. 3 Porcellanides festae Nobili, 1901b, p. 21 (type locality not designated). Porcellanopsis festae, Rathbun, 1910, p. 601. Chace, 1942, p. 99. Porcellanopsis festai, Haig, 1957b, p. 15 (type locality designated as Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador). Previous records: Ecuador. Bahia de Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Diagnosis: Carapace covered with small protuberances; broadly tri- angular, with anterolateral margins strongly diverging, antero- and posterolateral margins forming a distinct angle well behind mid-bran- chial level; front with three teeth separated by deep, rounded notches; carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a broad, strongly projecting tooth occupying proximal half, sur- face with large protuberances; manus with protuberances; telson with five plates. Description: Carapace about as broad as long, broadly triangular, with anterolateral margins strongly diverging posterior to epibranchial angles, antero- and posterolateral margins forming a distinct angle well behind mid-branchial level; surface granular and punctate, covered with small protuberances defined by grooves; naked or with traces of hair anteriorly. Front strongly projecting beyond eyes, broadly triangular in dorsal view; tridentate or strongly trilobate in frontal view, lateral lobes broad, truncate, median lobe narrow, triangular, pointed at tip, lobes separated by deep, rounded notches, the three about equally pro- jecting. Eyes very small, not visible in dorsal view. Movable segments of antenna finely granular, without anterior pro- jections; flagellum shorter than carapace, with short hairs. Outer max- illipeds smooth or punctate. Chelipeds covered with coarse granules, naked or lightly pubescent. Merus with protuberances on anterior and posterior margins and on dorsal surface. Carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a broad, strongly projecting tooth occupying proxi- mal half; surface with large protuberances. Manus covered with pro- tuberances, outer margin with a series of large granules. Gape of fingers naked. Walking legs short and stout, covered with protuberances; merus with a fringe of plumose hairs on anterior margin, other segments with scattered plumose and non-plumose hairs. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 227 Telson of abdomen with five plates. Material examined : See Table 68. Measurements: Males, 2.8 to 4.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.5 to 4.0 mm; ovigerous females, 2.9 to 4.8 mm. The male holotype is 4.0 mm in length and 3.8 mm in width. Color: Not recorded. All the specimens examined were faded to a pale buff. Ecology: 41 specimens were taken by the Velero IV at a single sta- tion, from sponges dredged in 1-4 fathoms. The material examined is otherwise represented by eight specimens from four stations; it was taken under stones in one case and from coral in another. The species may occur most commonly in sponges. Ovigerous females have been collected in February, March, and April. Relationships: This species, like Megalobrachium peruvianum, new species, is related to M. roseum (Rathbun), 1900, from the western Atlantic. The carapace of M. festai is more markedly triangular and tuberculate than that of the Atlantic form; the walking legs are some- what stouter; and the telson of the abdomen has five plates instead of seven as in M. roseum. Remarks: The specimens from southern Mexico and El Salvador are the first to be recorded since the holotype, which was taken in Ecuador. The spottiness of these records may be due to the fact that sponge masses have seldom been examined for specimens. Range: Acapulco, Mexico, south to Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. Megalobrachium tuberculipes (Lockington), new combination Plate 16, fig. 11; plate 40, fig. 4 Pachycheles tuberculipes Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 404 (type locality, La Paz, Gulf of California). Polyonyx tuberculipes, Nobili, 1901b, p. 21. Rathbun, 1910, p. 601. Pisonella tuberculipes, Glassell, 1938a, pp. 437, 440, pl. 34, fig. 1 (neotype designated; neotype locality, Punta Pefiasco, Sonora, Gulf of California). Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 457. Porcellanopsis tuberculipes, Chace, 1942, p. 100. Haig, 1957b, p. 15. 228 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Previous records: Gulf of California. Punta Penasco, Sonora; San Felipe: S. A. Glas- sell (Glassell). Isla Coronado; S end Isla Tiburon: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts). La Paz: (Locking- ton). Panama. Isla Saboga, Islas de las Perlas: Askoy (Haig). Colombia. Bahia Humboldt: dAskoy (Haig). Ecuador. Bahia de Santa Elena: E. Festa (Nobili). Diagnosis: Carapace covered with tubercles; lateral margins den- tate, rounded; front with three strong teeth separated by deep, rounded notches; carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a broad, very strongly projecting, proximal tooth followed by two or three denticles, surface with strongly projecting, scattered tubercles; manus covered with tubercles, outer margin with a fringe of long non-plumose setae; telson with five plates. Description: Carapace approximately as broad as long or slightly broader, lateral margins rounded; surface with large flattened granules and tubercles, most projecting toward lateral margins, the latter bearing a row of about six teeth, these teeth often not very distinct; long plumose hairs along lateral margins, tufts on dorsal surface, longest on protogastric lobes. Front strongly projecting beyond eyes, below level of protogastric regions, flattened, not deflexed except near tip, trans- verse or faintly trilobate in dorsal view; deeply tridentate in frontal view, the lobes narrow, triangular, pointed at tips, separated by deep rounded notches, and about equally projecting. Eyes visible in dorsal view. Movable segments of antenna lightly granular, with a few short plumose hairs; flagellum not much longer than carapace, with short hairs. Outer maxillipeds punctate. Chelipeds covered with large, strongly projecting, scattered tubercles. Merus with a small lobe on anterior margin; dorsal surface with plumose hairs. Carpus less than one and a half times as long as wide, anterior margin with a broad, very strongly projecting proximal tooth followed by two or three denticles; surface covered with short plumose hairs. Manus and fingers covered with long plumose and non-plumose hairs, denticulate on margins; outer margin with long non-plumose setae. Gape of fingers with a light pubescence. Walking legs covered with low tubercles, thickly covered with long plumose hairs. Telson of abdomen with five plates. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 229 Material examined: See Table 69. Measurements: Males, 1.6 to 4.6 mm; non-ovigerous females, 1.9 to 3.6 mm; ovigerous females, 2.1 to 3.0 mm. Lockington reported speci- mens of about 3.5 by 3.5 mm. Glassell’s male neotype measures 4.1 mm in length, 3.9 mm in breadth. Color: In life, muddy gray with a dark patch on the central re- gions; in alcohol, light pink. (Glassell, 1938a) Ecology: ‘This little crab is found on sponge incrusted sea-fans, but more frequently on the rough sponges themselves, at extreme low water. They are quite numerous, though obscure.” (Glassell) Steinbeck and Ricketts reported it from a sponge mass, and most of the Hancock Foundation specimens were taken under similar circumstances. It was once dredged by the Velero III in 5-10 fathoms from a rock, coral, and nullipore bottom. It has also been taken in coral from shore to a depth of about two fathoms, and under stones in the intertidal zone. Ovigerous females have been taken in February and in May. Relationships: This species is very closely related to Megalobrachium soriatum (Say), 1818, which ranges from Cape Hatteras to the Florida Keys and is known from a few Caribbean localities. In the small amount of material seen by the writer, /. soriatum appears to have a less hairy carapace and walking legs than does the Pacific species. It is not known whether these differences are constant; the Pacific and Atlantic popu- lations are perhaps not specifically distinct. Range: Punta Pefiasco and San Felipe, Gulf of California, south to Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. Shore to 10 fathoms. ULLOAIA Glassell 1938 Ulloaia Glassell, 1938a, p. 434 (type species Ulloaia perpusillia Glas- sell, 1938, by original designation). Carapace longer than broad, surface covered with large protuber- ances, lateral margins dentate. Front broad, sharply deflexed, with a rostral process, visible only in frontal view, consisting of a broad, rectangular lobe. Orbits deep; eyes small, not retractile. Basal segment of antenna strongly produced forward and broadly in contact with anterior margin of carapace, with movable segments far removed from orbit; produced inward and, together with outer margin of antennule, forming a complete suborbital margin. Movable segments small; flagellum shorter than carapace, its articles elongate. 230 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Basal segment of antennule large, produced anteriorly to fill notch between frontal lobe and inner orbital angle; anterior face flat, with- out spines or other projections. Chelipeds short and stout; manus weak, flattened. Walking legs short and stout; propodus (apparently) without movable spinules on posterior margin; dactylus ending in a simple spine, with rudimentary, movable accessory spinules on posterior margin. Telson of abdomen composed of seven plates. Contains a single species. Remarks: Glassell’s description of the structure of the antennae in Ulloaia is not clear and may have been a typographical error: “First antennal peduncle removed from the eye, not joining the margin of the carapace” (1938a, p. 434). In reality, the antennal peduncle is removed from the eye by the strongly produced basal segment, which joins the margin of the carapace. Chace (1942, p. 101), who had not seen a speci- men, misinterpreted Glassell’s statement and in his key to the porcel- lanid genera placed Ulloaia among the forms with basal antennal seg- ment small and movable segments having free access to the orbit. Ulloaia perpusillia Glassell Plate 37, fig. 2; text-fig. 11 Ulloaia perpusillia Glassell, 1938a, p. 434, pl. 33, fig. 1 (type locality, Punta Pefiasco, Sonora, Gulf of California). Previous records: Gulf of California. Punta Pefiasco, Sonora: S. A. Glassell (Glassell). Diagnosis: Carapace a little longer than broad, lateral margins gradually and evenly diverging from hepatic to mid-branchial regions; surface covered with large granular protuberances; front appearing quadridentate in dorsal view, the two median teeth being on the outer margins of a large, rectangular rostral process, the latter sharply de- flexed and visible only in frontal view; chelipeds roughly granular, manus weak, covered with long plumose hairs; walking legs short and stout, merus with a long, curved posterodistal process. Description: Carapace a little longer than broad, lateral margins gradually and evenly diverging from hepatic to mid-branchial regions, epibranchial angle marked only by a small notch; surface uneven, cov- ered with large protuberances, these protuberances lacking only on in- testinal regions; latter regions, and grooves defining the swollen areas, COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 231 1 2 Text-fig. 11. Ulloaia perpusillia. 1, Frontal view of carapace, x 19; 2, Basal seg- ment of right antennule, x 51. punctate; upper surfaces of protuberances with numerous small scattered granules; a low, median longitudinal ridge extending length of cara- pace; lateral margins with a row of strongly granular lobes or blunt teeth, posterior ones largest. Surface lightly pubescent. Front quadri- dentate in dorsal view, the two median teeth broad, triangular, formed by outer rolling edges of the sharply deflexed rostral process, latter not visible from above; lateral teeth the strongly produced, triangular inner orbital angles. In frontal view, the deflexed rostral process broad, rec- tangular, separated by broad, deep triangular notches from inner orbital angles; these spaces completely filled by anterior faces of basal anten- nular segments. Eyes visible in dorsal view; outer orbital angles slightly produced. Movable segments of antenna more or less smooth; flagellum a little over half carapace width, with long, sparse hairs. Outer maxillipeds lightly punctate. Chelipeds covered with large, rough granules, some of them produced into spinules. Merus with a strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin. Carpus slightly longer than wide, armed on anterior margin with a median lobe or broad tooth; surface uneven, with two longitudinal grooves. Manus less uneven than carpus; outer margin with long plu- mose hairs. Gape of fingers with a long tuft of plumose hairs, similar hairs also covering the ventral surface of the manus. Walking legs roughly granular to spinulate as in chelipeds, covered with long plumose hairs. Merus with a long, curved posterodistal proc- ess. Variations: The female specimen from Costa Rica (see Material Ex- amined) differed in some respects from the male holotype. The pro- tuberances covering the carapace were less distinct, as were the grooves defining them; the median longitudinal ridge on the carapace was 232 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 scarcely visible, except very faintly on the intestinal region. ‘The small scattered granules covering the protuberances were not clearly marked except toward the outer and frontal margins. The median notch of the front was less distinct than is shown in Glassell’s illustration of the holotype. Some of these differences may be due to the soft-shelled con- dition of the type. Material examined: Punta Pefiasco, Sonora, Gulf of California, shore; April 12, 1937; collected by S. A. Glassell; male, holotype (San Diego Natural History Museum Cat. No. 1131). Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 6-8 fathoms; May 6, 1912; collected by R. Paessler; one female (Hamburg Museum Cat. No. K26847). Measurements: The male holotype measures 3.5 mm in length, 3.1 mm in width. The only other specimen seen, a non-ovigerous female, is 2.9 mm long. Color: In alcohol, cream tipped with orange-red. (Glassell) Ecology: Found among gorgonian corals, sponges and bryozoan growths, at extreme low tide. (Glassell) The Costa Rica specimen was taken in 6-8 fathoms, along with Pisidia magdalenensis (Glassell). The substrate at the latter station was not recorded. Glassell (1938a) mentioned an ovigerous female, apparently taken with the holotype in the month of April. The whereabouts of this speci- men is unknown. Remarks: Because of its minute size, Ulloaia perpusillia is extremely difficult to examine in detail. Probably for the same reason, it is very rare in collections; the Costa Rica specimen listed above is only the third to be noted. It could be an abundant and wide-ranging form and still be overlooked by most collectors. Range: Known only from the two localities listed above, Punta Pefiasco, Gulf of California, and Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Shore to 8 fathoms. POLYONYX Stimpson 1858 Polyonyx Stimpson, 1858, p. 229 (type species Porcellana macrocheles Gibbes, 1854, by original designation). Carapace transversely ovate or subquadrate, usually markedly broader than long; strongly convex, surface usually smooth, shining. Front much deflexed, appearing nearly transverse in dorsal view. Eyes small, retractile. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 233 Basal segment of antenna broad, elongate, produced inward and outward; strongly produced forward and broadly in contact with an- terior margin of carapace, with movable segments far removed from orbit. Basal segment of antennule large, truncate on anterior face, without spines or other projections. Chelipeds large, subcylindrical, often unequal in size. Walking legs rather long and slender; propodus with movable accessory spinules on posterior margin; dactylus very short, with two or more large, strong, fixed spines, in addition to small posterior movable spinules. About twenty-one described species, most of them from the Indo- Pacific region. Remarks: A few Indo-Pacific Polyonyx with spines on the lateral margin of the carapace are close to certain species currently included in Porcellana, as pointed out by Johnson (1958). When the Porcellani- dae as a whole are revised, such forms may prove to be referable to a distinct genus. Key To THE EASTERN PACIFIC SPECIES la. Manus of major cheliped with a low longitudinal crest on dorsal surface; merus of walking leg 3 with five or six strong spinules on posterior margin; propodus of walking legs without movable spinules on posterior margin except for three at distal end Sf ae oe) at Me CR ee al 7 (hers 1b. Manus of major cheliped swollen on dorsal surface, without a longitudinal crest; merus of walking legs with about 12 small spinules on posterior margin; propodus with one or two movable spinules on posterior margin in addition to three at MISEAIMER US Sst Tn OMNe eas)! eo ea ae oa 2a. Propodus with two movable spinules on posterior margin in addition to three posterodistal spinules (Gulf of California) nitidus 2b. Propodus with a single movable spinule on posterior margin in addition to three posterodistal spinules (California and west coast of Baja California) . . . . quadriungulatus 234 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Polyonyx confinis, new species Plate 17; text-fig. 12(3) Types: Holotype, male, Allan Hancock Foundation Cat. No. 3817, from Corinto, Nicaragua, 3 fathoms; January 5, 1938; collected during Eastern Pacific Zaca Expedition of 1937-1938, New York Zoological Society, at Zaca station 200 D-14. Paratype: same data as holotype, one ovigerous female. Diagnosis: Carapace subovate, distinctly broader than long; front transverse in frontal view; merus with a strong lobe on anterior margin; anterior margin of carpus with a convex crest, its proximal end sub- rectangular; outer margin of manus and pollex with a row of fine granules and a thick fringe of plumose hairs; manus of both chelipeds with a low longitudinal crest on dorsal surface; merus of walking leg 3 about twice as long as wide, its posterior margin with four or five strong spinules; propodus with three posterodistal movable spinules, that of leg 3 over twice as long as wide; dactylus with two strong fixed spines, the distal one composed of two nearly joined together, and with a minute proximal spinule. Description: Carapace subovate, 1.3 to 1.5 times as broad as long, strongly convex front to back, nearly smooth with light plications on lateral regions, surface slightly uneven and regions well marked, lateral Text-fig. 12. Propodus and dactylus of walking leg of 1, Polyonyx quadriungu- latus, x 25; 2, P. nitidus, x 3214; 3, P. confinis, x 44V4. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 235 margins unarmed ; widest at epibranchial regions. Surface without pub- escence except for tuft on frontal margin. Side walls with distinct, scattered plumose hairs. Front transverse or slightly convex in dorsal view ; transverse in frontal view, with a very slightly projecting median, obtusely triangular point. Orbits very shallow, scarcely showing a con- cavity in dorsal view; outer orbital angle not produced. Movable segments of antenna smooth, without anterior projections; flagellum with short hairs. Outer maxillipeds smooth; surface of ischium with a few scattered hairs. Chelipeds markedly unequal in size. Merus lightly rugose, with a broad, rounded, strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin; posterior margin with scattered hairs. Carpus 1.2 to 1.3 times as long as wide; anterior margin with a high, somewhat convex lamellar crest, its proxi- mal end markedly subrectangular; anterior and posterior margins fringed with fine plumose hairs; posterior margin lightly rugose. Manus slender; surface smooth, inner margin lightly, obliquely rugose, outer margin and pollex with a sharp crest lined with a row of minute rounded granules, these granules becoming stronger and more projecting on pol- lex; outer margin with a fringe of long plumose hairs extending nearly to tip of pollex; pollex and outer half of dorsal surface of manus with shorter scattered hairs. Dactylus roughened by small granules in form of a crest along outer margin; surface with scattered long hairs. Gape with short scattered hairs. Major cheliped: manus somewhat swollen on dorsal surface, with a low longitudinal crest extending from articula- tion with dactyl; length of palm 1.7-1.8 times that of fingers; dactylus somewhat curved outward, crossing over pollex at tip, its cutting edge with a row of large granules and one or two tubercles. Minor cheliped: dorsal surface of manus less swollen than in major cheliped, with a low longitudinal crest; length of palm only slightly greater than that of fingers; dactylus straight, crossing under pollex at tip, its cutting edge with a double row of small granules. Walking legs lightly rugose, all segments fringed with fine plumose hairs on anterior and posterior margins. Merus of third walking leg about twice as long as wide, its posterior margin with four or five strong spinules; merus of legs 1 and 2 unarmed. Propodus with a pair of movable spinules at distal end of posterior margin and a single spinule just behind them, that of leg 3 over twice as long as wide. Dactylus with two strong, incurving fixed spines, the distal one com- posed of two spines nearly joined together; proximad to them a minute spinule, 236 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Telson of abdomen composed of seven plates. Measurements: Holotype male: carapace length, 2.7 mm; width, 3.6 mm; carpus of major cheliped, 2.5 by 1.8 mm; of minor cheliped, 1.8 by 1.5 mm. Ovigerous female paratype: length of carapace, 2.4 mm; width, 3.6 mm; carpus of major cheliped, 2.2 by 1.8 mm; of minor cheliped, 1.8 by 1.5 mm. Color: All traces of coloration are absent in both specimens. Ecology: Specimens were dredged in 3 fathoms from a bottom cov- ered with mangrove leaves. There was no indication of commensalism. Relationships: This new species is closely allied to the other two west American Polyonyx. It differs in having shallower orbits; side walls of the carapace distinctly hairy; a longitudinal crest on the manus of the major cheliped; carpus broader in relation to its length; more hair on the manus and dactylus; a different size and arrangement of spinules on the merus of the walking legs; and no movable spinules on the propodus aside from the three posterodistal ones. From the very small sample available it is impossible to tell whether all of these char- acters are constant. Remarks: This is the first Polyonyx to be reported from the west American coast south of the Gulf of California. It probably does not occur within the Gulf, an area which has been intensively collected. The specific name is from the Latin confinis, closely related. Range: Known only from the type locality, Corinto, Nicaragua. Polyonyx quadriungulatus Glassell Plate 41, fig. 2; text-fig. 12(1) Polyonyx quadriungulatus Glassell, 1935, p. 93, pl. 9 (type locality, Estero de la Punta Banda, S of Ensenada, Baja California, Mex- ico). Shen, 1936, p. 277. Haig, 1956b, p. 80. Probably not Stein- beck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 458. Previous records: California. Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina Islands: Velero III and Velero IV (Haig). Baja California. Estero de la Punta Banda, S of Ensenada: §. A. Glas- sell (Glassell). Diagnosis: Carapace subovate, distinctly broader than long; front transverse in frontal view; merus with a strong lobe on anterior margin; COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 27. anterior margin of carpus with a convex crest, its proximal end sub- rectangular ; outer margin of manus and pollex with a row of fine gran- ules and a thick fringe of plumose hairs; manus of major cheliped swollen, without a crest on dorsal surface, that of minor cheliped with a low longitudinal crest; merus of walking legs with a row of about 12 minute spinules on posterior margin, that of leg 3 about twice as long as wide; propodus with three posterodistal movable spinules and one on middle or proximal third of posterior margin, that of leg 3 over twice as long as wide; dactylus with four fixed spines, distal three large, curving inward, proximal one small, curving outward. Description: Carapace subovate, 1.2 to 1.4 times as broad as long, strongly convex front to back, smooth or lightly plicate, widest at epi- branchial regions, lateral margins unarmed; side walls naked or with vestigial hairs. Front transverse or very slightly convex or concave in dorsal view, with a short fringe of hairs; sinuously transverse in frontal view, with a very slightly projecting median triangular point. Orbits shallow; outer orbital angle not produced. Movable segments of antenna smooth, without anterior projections; flagellum with short hairs. Outer maxillipeds smooth to lightly rugose. Chelipeds smooth, unequal in size. Merus with a broad, rounded, strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin; posterior margin fringed with fine hairs. Carpus 1.4 to 1.8 times as long as wide; anterior mar- gin with a high, somewhat convex lamellar crest, its proximal end markedly subrectangular; anterior and posterior margins fringed with fine plumose hairs. Manus slender, dorsal surface swollen and without a crest in major cheliped, flattened and with a longitudinal crest in minor cheliped; outer margin with a sharp crest lined with a row of minute rounded granules, becoming somewhat more projecting on pol- lex, and with a thick fringe of plumose hairs extending nearly to tip of pollex; gape of fingers with scattered short hairs. Major cheliped: length of palm about twice (1.8-2.2 times) that of fingers; dactylus crossing over pollex at tip, its cutting edge with a row of large granules and a tubercle near center. Minor cheliped: length of palm 1.2 to 1.4 times that of fingers; dactylus crossing under (rarely over) pollex at tip, its cutting edge with a double row of small granules. Walking legs nearly smooth; all segments fringed with fine plumose hairs on anterior and posterior margins. Merus with a row of about 12 minute spinules along posterior margin, sometimes obsolescent on leg 1; that of leg 3 about twice as long as wide. Propodus with a pair of movable spinules at distal end of posterior margin, a single spinule 238 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 just behind them, and one on middle or proximal third of posterior margin; that of leg 3 over twice as long as wide. Dactylus with four fixed spines, distal three large, curving inward, proximal one small, curving outward. Telson of abdomen composed of seven plates. Material examined: See Table 70. Measurements: Males, 3.4 to 8.4 mm; non-ovigerous female, 9.3 mm; ovigerous females, 7.0 to 10.4 mm. The ovigerous female holotype is 9.1 mm in length, 13.5 mm in breadth. Glassell recorded a measure- ment of 10.2 by 15.5 mm for a female specimen. Color: In life, ground color of carapace and chelipeds dark brown, mottled with green and red; legs lighter and banded; abdomen mottled and opalescent. (Glassell) Ecology: “This species is found commensal with the chaetopodous annelid, Chetopterus variopedatus (Renier), which was found in a leathery double-ended tube, located at mean low water level, on an eel grass mud flat. Only the larger tubes were found to have crabs in them. These tubes are about a yard long by an inch in diameter.” (Glassell) The Velero III and Velero IV have dredged it in 2-25 fath- oms, on bottoms of mud and sand and of coralline and rock; it was taken once from kelp holdfasts in 12-15 fathoms and twice from worm tubes in 8 and 18 fathoms, the worm being specified as Chaetopterus in the former case. The U. S. National Museum specimens collected by the Orca in 11 fathoms were from Chaetopterus tubes. Ovigerous females have been collected in January, June, and Sep- tember. Relationships: In a recent review of Indo-Pacific Polyonyx, John- son (1958) noted that the species fall into three natural groups. All the known American species (P. gibbesi Haig! and the three treated in this report) clearly belong to Johnson’s ‘“‘P. sinensis group,” char- acterized by him as follows: “Lateral margins of the carapace without spines. Carapace broader than long, transversely ovate, or rectangular with rounded corners. Front rather narrow, trilobate with the median lobe broad and rounded and projecting little beyond the lateral lobes, which are often scarcely developed so that the front is almost straight. Chelipeds with the anterior margins of the carpus and merus unarmed ; a more or less marked development of hairs on their outer, and often 1 Substitute name for P. macrocheles (Gibbes) ; see Haig, 1956a, p. 29. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 239 also on their inner surfaces. Legs hairy dorsally, and often the cara- pace also more or less hairy. Dactyli of the walking legs with the dorsal claw much smaller than the ventral claw, and bearing 2 or 3 accessory spinules.”’ Aside from Polyonyx nitidus Lockington, P. quadriungulatus is most closely related to the western Atlantic species P. gibbesi Haig. In the Atlantic form the orbits are very slightly deeper than in P. quadriungu- latus ; the outer margin of the manus of the minor cheliped is markedly outcurved, especially in males; on the same manus the dorsal longi- tudinal crest 1s obsolescent or absent; and movable spinules are lack- ing on the propodus of the walking legs, except for the three postero- distal ones. P. utinomii Miyake, 1943, which is known only from Honshu Island, Japan, appears to be very closely allied to P. quadri- ungulatus, P. nitidus, and P. gibbesi. Range: Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina Islands off the California coast ; Estero de la Punta Banda south to Punta San Eugenio, Baja California. Shore to 26 fathoms. Polyonyx nitidus Lockington Text-fig. 12(2) Polyonyx nitidus Lockington, 1878, pp. 396, 405 (type locality, Baja California, Mexico, exact locality unknown). Shen, 1936, p. 276. Haig, 1956b, p. 81. ?Polyonyx quadriungulatus, Steinbeck and Ricketts, 1941, p. 458. Not P. quadriungulatus Glassell. Previous records: Gulf of California. “Lower California” [prob- ably Gulf]: Fisher (Lockington). El Mogote: J. Steinbeck and E. F. Ricketts (Steinbeck and Ricketts) [probably this species]. Diagnosis: Carapace subovate, distinctly broader than long; front transverse in frontal view; merus with a strong lobe on anterior margin; anterior margin of carpus with a convex crest, its proximal end sub- rectangular ; outer margin of manus and pollex with a row of fine gran- ules and a thick fringe of plumose hairs; manus of major cheliped swollen, without a crest on dorsal surface, that of minor cheliped with a low longitudinal crest; merus of walking legs with a row of about 12 spinules on posterior margin, that of leg 3 about twice as long as wide; propodus with three posterodistal movable spinules, one just be- hind them, and one on middle or proximal third of posterior margin, that of leg 3 over twice as long as wide; dactylus with three large, in- 240 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 curved fixed spines, the distal two very close together, and with a small, proximal, outcurving spine. Material examined: Bahia de Tepoca, Sonora, Gulf of California, 11-13 fathoms; February 4, 1940; Velero III station 1078-40; one male, one ovigerous female. West of Isla Coronados, Gulf of California, 3-10 fathoms; February 28, 1936; Velero III station 525-36; two males, two females (one ovigerous). Off Isla Ceralvo, Gulf of California, 24°12’ N x 190°55’ W, 9.5 fathoms; April 30, 1888; Albatross station 2826; one female (U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 57657). [ Puerto Escondido, Gulf of California, 18-21 fathoms; February 11, 1940; Velero III station 1096-40; 1 young. This specimen, which is only 1.7 mm in length, has the spines on the walking legs only partially de- veloped. Because of the locality it probably belongs to the present spe- cies. | Measurements: Males, 2.6 to 4.4 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.2 and 4.2 mm; ovigerous females, 3.7 and 3.9 mm. The type specimen, of unspecified sex, was reported to measure 7 mm in length, 10 mm in breadth. Color: All traces of color had disappeared in the specimens exam- ined. Ecology: Dredged in 3-21 fathoms; taken from a shell bottom by the Albatross and from substrates of sand, sandy mud, and coralline by the V’elero III. Depth of capture of the El] Mogote specimen (Steinbeck and Ricketts) was not specified. The species has not been found asso- ciated with worm tubes. Ovigerous females have been collected in February. Relationships: The description of Polyonyx quadriungulatus ap- plies to this species in all but a few particulars. From the small sample of P. nitidus the following measurements were obtained: carapace 1.3 to 1.5 times as broad as long; carpus 1.3 to 1.6 times as long as wide; length of palm in major cheliped 1.5 to 1.9 times that of fingers; in minor cheliped, 1.1 to 1.3 times that of fingers. The spinules on the posterior margin of the merus of the walking legs tend to be stronger than in P. quadriungulatus. In addition to three posterodistal movable spinules on the propodus and one on the middle or proximal third of the posterior margin, a constant character in the California-western Baja California species, P. nitidus has a fifth movable spinule located COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 241 just behind the three distal ones; in one specimen, the male from Bahia de Tepoca, the extra spinule was developed on one leg only and was much smaller than the other spinules on the same leg. The structure of the fixed spines on the dactylus is much as in P. quadriungulatus, except that the two distal ones are nearly conjoined. The Gulf of California population may be readily separated from the California and western Baja California population on the basis of these characters, provided that they prove to be constant when larger samples become available for examination. The differences are so rel- atively slight that the two populations might better be considered sub- species of a single species. It seems advisable to retain them both as full species for the present, pending an analysis of the differences in several other very closely related forms. Remarks: According to Lockington (1878), the single specimen of Polyonyx nitidus was collected by Fisher at an unspecified locality in Baja California; in the same paper he mentioned other porcellanids taken by Fisher on both sides of the peninsula. The type of P. nitidus is no longer extant and its identity with one population or the other can never be established. Therefore, the type locality is hereby restricted to “east coast of Baja California” so that the name nitidus may be ap- plied to the Gulf of California population. The original description of Polyonyx nitidus applies equally well to specimens of both populations. According to Lockington, the cheli- peds in the type were “equal,” but this is not the case in normal speci- mens of either P. nitidus or P. quadriungulatus. The type of P. nitidus may have been atypical, perhaps a specimen with a regenerating major cheliped. Range: Gulf of California, from Bahia de Tepoca south to Isla Ceralvo. 3 to 21 fathoms. 242 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 24 LITERATURE CITED BAKER, C. F. 1912. Notes on the Crustacea of Laguna Beach. 1st Ann. Rpt. Laguna Mar. Lab., pp. 100-117, text-figs. 53-64. BAtss, H. 1913. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Ostasiatische Decapoden I. Die Galatheiden und Paguriden. Abhandl. Math.-Phys. Kl. der K. Bayer. Akad. der Wiss. Miinchen, Sup. vol. 2, Abhandl. 9, pp. 1-85, pls. 1-2. BENEDICT, J. E. 1901. The anomuran collections made by the Fish Hawk Expedition to Porto Rico. Bul. U. S. Fish Comn., vol. 20 (for 1900), part 2, pp. 131-148, pls. 3-6. BENNETT, E. W. 1930. 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Nat. de France, pp. 115-116. 1838a.In L. I. Duperrey, Voyage autour du monde, exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de sa Maijesté, la Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Zool., vol. 2, part 2, div. 1, Crustacés, arachnides et insectes, (xii) 319 pp. Paris. 1838b, Crustacés du voyage de la Favorite. Mag. de Zool., vol. 8, Cl. 7, pp. 1-8, pls. VII 23-26. 1839. Voyage autour du monde par les mers de |’Inde et de Chine exécuté sur... la Favorite pendant . . . 1830-32 sous le commandement de M. Laplace. Vol. 5, Zoologie. Part 2, 200 pp., 60 col. pls. Paris. 1855. Im R. de la Sagra, Historia fisica, politica, y natural da la isla de Cuba. Vol. 8, Atlas de Zoologia. Crustaceos, aragnides é insectos, 20 pls. Paris. Haan, W. de 1833-50. Jn P. F. von Siebold, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, pp. (xvi), (xxxi), 1-244, pls. 1-55, A-Q. Lugduni Batavorum. Haic, JANET 1955. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948-49. 20. The Crustacea Anomura of Chile. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., n.s.. Avd. 2, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 1-68, text-figs. 1-13. 1956a. The Galatheidea (Crustacea Anomura) of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition with a review of the Porcellanidae of the western North Atlantic. Allan Hancock Atlantic Exped. Rpt. No. 8, pp. 1-44, pl. 1. 1956b. Notes on two anomuran crustaceans new to California waters. Bul. South. California Acad. Sci., vol. 55, pp. 79-82. 1957a. Four new porcellain crabs from the eastern Pacific. Ibid., vol. 56, pp. 31-41, pls. 7-10. 1957b. The porcellanid crabs of the “Askoy” Expedition to the Panama Bight. Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1865, pp. 1-17. Hart, JOSEPHINE F. L. 1930. Some decapods from the south-eastern shores of Vancouver Island. Canad. Field-Nat., vol. 44, pp. 101-109, text-fig. 1. 1940. Reptant decapod Crustacea of the west coasts of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Canad. Jour. Res., vol. 18, Sect. D, pp. 86-105, text-figs. 1-2. 1953. Northern extensions of range of some reptant decapod Crustacea of British Columbia. Canad. Field-Nat., vol. 67, pp. 139-140. HELter, C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandl. k. k. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, vol. 12, pp. 519-528. 246 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 24 1865. Reise der oesterreichischen Fregatte ‘Novarra’ um die Erde, in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wiillerstorf-Urbair. Crustaceen. Zool. Theil, vol. 2, Abt. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-280, 25 pls. Wien. HENDERSON, J. R. 1888. Report on the Anomura collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Rpt. Zool. Challenger Exped., vol. 27, (xi) 221 pp., 21 pls. London, Edinburgh & Dublin. HERTLEIN, L. G., and W. K. EMErRson 1957. Additional notes on the invertebrate fauna of Clipperton Island. Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1859, pp. 1-9, text-fig. 1. Hewatrt, W. G. 1935. Ecological succession in the Mytilus californianus habitat as observed in Monterey Bay. Ecology, vol. 16, pp. 244-251, text-figs. 1-2. 1937. Ecological studies on selected marine intertidal communities of Mon- terey Bay, California. Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 18, pp. 161-206, 18 text- figs. 1938. Notes on the breeding seasons of the rocky beach fauna of Monterey Bay, California. Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 23, pp. 283-288. 1946. Marine ecological studies on Santa Cruz Island, California. Ecol. Monog,, vol. 16, pp. 185-208, text-figs. 1-2. HILDEBRAND, S. F. 1939. The Panama Canal as a passageway for fishes, with lists and remarks on the fishes and invertebrates observed. Zoologica [New York], vol. 24, pp. 15-45, pls. 1-2. Hitton, W. A. 1916. Crustacea from Laguna Beach. Jour. Ent. and Zool., vol. 8, pp. 65-73, text-figs. 1-19. HoiMEs, S. J. 1900. Synopsis of California stalk-eyed Crustacea. Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, pp. 1-262, pls. 1-4. Ho.tHuts, L. B. 1954a. On a collection of decapod Crustacea from the republic of El Salvador (Central America). Zool. Verhandel. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, no. 23, pp. 1-43, pls. 1-2, text-figs. 1-15. 1954b. Observaciénes sobre los crustaceos decdpodos de la republica de El Salvador. Commun. Inst. Trop. Invest. Cien. Univ. El Salvador, vol. 3, pp. 159-166, text-figs. 1-3. HUT, J. 1938. Crustacea Decapoda from the Galapagos Islands collected by Mr. Rolf Blomberg. Arkiv fér Zool., vol. 30A, no. 5, pp. 1-18, pl. 1, text- figs. 1-4. Jounson, D. S. 1958. The Indo-West Pacific species of the genus Polyonyx (Crustacea, Decapoda, Porcellanidae). Ann. Zool. [India], vol. 2, pp. 95-118, text-figs. 1-4. Jounson, Myr te E., and H. J. SNoox 1927. Seashore arian of the Pacific coast. Raf 659 PP», frontis., 11 pls., 700 text-figs. New York. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 247 KINAHAN, J. R. 1857. Remarks on Crustacea collected in Peru, the high seas, and South Australia; with descriptions of undescribed species. Jour. Roy. Dublin Soc., vol. 1, pp. 328-352, pl. 14. KINGSLEY, J. S. 1880. On a collection of Crustacea from Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida, with a revision of the genera of Crangonidae and Palae- monidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 31, pp. 383-427, pl. 14. Kirk, T. W. 1878. Additions to the crustacean fauna of New Zealand. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 2, pp. 465-467. 1879. On additions to the carcinological fauna of New Zealand. Trans. and Proc. New Zealand Inst., vol. 11, pp. 392-397, 1 text-fig. LAMARCK, J. B. P. A. de M. de 1801. Systéme des animaux sans vertébres, ou Tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux... (viii) 432 pp. Paris. LATREILLE, P. A. 1802 (or 1803). Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére, des crustacés et des insectes. Vol. 6, 391 pp. Paris. Leacu, W. E. 1820. Galatéadées. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, vol. 18, pp. 49-56. Lenz, H. 1901. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896-1897). Crustaceen. Zool. Jahrb., System., vol. 14, pp. 429-482, pl. 32. 1902. Die Crustaceen der Sammlung Plate (Decapoda und Stomatopoda). Ibid., Sup., vol. 5, pp. 731-772, pl. 23. Licut, S. F. 1954. Intertidal invertebrates of the central California coast. (xiv) 446 pp., 138 text-figs. Berkeley & Los Angeles. LockINGTON, W.N. 1874. On the Crustacea of California. Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 380-384. 1878. Remarks upon the Porcellanidea of the west coast of North America. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 2, pp. 394-406. MacaGinitir, G. E. 1935. Ecological aspects of a California marine estuary. Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 16, pp. 629-765, text-figs. 1-21. Mapnpen, H. M. 1949. Xdantus, Hungarian naturalist in the pioneer west. 312 pp., 7 pls. Palo Alto (Calif.). Makarov, V. V. 1938. Anomura. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Zool. Inst., n. ser. no. 16. Fauna SSSR, Rakoobraznye, vol. 10, no. 3, (x) 324 pp., 5 pls., 113 text-figs. MELIN, G. 1939. Paguriden und Galatheiden von Prof. Dr. Sixten Bocks Expedition nach den Bonin-Inseln 1914. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., ser. 3, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 1-119, text-figs. 1-71. 248 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 24 Me_repiTH, D. 1939. Voyages of the Velero III, a pictorial version with historical back- ground of scientific expeditions through tropical seas to equatorial lands aboard M/V Velero III. 286 pp., pls. Los Angeles. MILNE Epwarops, A. 1869. In A. G. L. de Folin and L. Périer, Les fonds de la mer, étude inter- nationale sur les particularités nouvelles des régions sous-marines. Vol. 1, pp. 128-130, pl. 26. Paris. MILNE Epwarps, A., and E. L. Bouvier 1894. Considérations générales sur la famille des galathéidés. Ann. des Sci. Nat., ser. 7, vol. 16, pp. 191-327, text-figs. 1-36. MILNE Epwarops, H. 1837. Histoire naturelle des crustacés, comprenant |’anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Vol. 2, 531 pp. Paris. MILNE Epwarps, H., and H. Lucas 1842-44. In A. d’Orbigny, Voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale. Vol. 6, part 1, pp. 1-39. Atlas, vol. 9, 17 pls. Paris. MrvAkg, S. 1942. Studies on the decapod crustaceans of Micronesia. III. Porcellanidae. Studies Palao Trop. Biol. Sta., vol. 2, pp. 329-379. 1943. Studies on the crab-shaped Anomura of Nippon and adjacent waters. Jour. Dept. Agr. Kyusyu Imp. Univ., vol. 7, pp. 49-158, text-figs. 1-62. Moreira, C. 1901. Crustdceos do Brazil. Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, vol. 11, pp. (v) 1-151, pls. 1-5. Miter, F. 1862. Die Verwandlung der Porcellanen. Vorlatifige Mittheilung. Arch. f. Naturgesch., vol. 28, part 1, pp. 194-199, pl. 7. Murray, J. 1895. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1872-76. Rpt. Zool. Challenger Exped., A summary of the scientific results, part 2, pp. (xix) 797-1608. London, Edinburgh & Dublin. NEwcomBgE, C. F. 1893. Catalogue of the Crustacea in the Provincial Museum, Victoria. Bul. Nat. Hist. Soc. British Columbia, 1893, pp. 19-30, pls. 2-5. NIco.et, H. 1849. Crustdceos. In C. Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile, Zoologia, vol. 3, pp. 115-318. Paris & Santiago. NININGER, H. H. 1918. Crabs taken at Laguna Beach in the summer of 1916. Jour. Ent. and Zool., vol. 10, pp. 36-42, text-figs. 1-31. Nositt, G. 1897. Decapodi e stomatopodi raccolti dal Dr. Enrico Festa nel Darien, a Curacao, La Guayra, Porto Cabello, Colon, Panama, ecc. Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Compar. Univ. Torino, vol. 12, no. 280, pp. 1-8. 1901a. Decapodi raccolti dal Dr. Filippo Silvestri nell’ America meridionale. Ibid., vol. 16, no. 402, pp. 1-16. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 249 1901b. Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nella repubblica dell’ Ecuador e regioni vicine. Decapodi e stomatopodi. Jbid., vol. 16, no. 415, pp. 1-58. 1902. Decapodi raccolti dal Dr. F. Silvestri nell’ Chile. Rev. Chilena de Hist. Nat., vol. 6, pp. 233-238. ORTMANN, A. 1892. Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums. IV. Theil. Die Abtheilungen Galatheidea und Paguridea. Zool. Jahrb., System., vol. 6, pp. 241-326, pls. 11-12. 1897. Carcinologische Studien. Ibid., vol. 10, pp. 258-372, pl. 17. Puivippl, R. A. 1860. Reise durch die wueste Atacama auf Befehl der chilenischen Regierung im Sommer 1853-54 unternommen und beschrieben. Pp. (ix) 1-192 (Abhang), 1-62, 27 pls. Halle. PoeppPic, E. 1836. Crustacea chilensia nova aut minus nota. Arch. f. Naturgesch., vol. 2, part 1, pp. 133-145, pl. 4. Porter, C. E. 1903. Carcinolojia chilena. Breve nota acerca de los crustaceos colectados en Coquimbo por el Dr. F. T. Delfin i descripcién de una nueva especie. Rev. Chilena de Hist. Nat., vol. 7, pp. 147-153, text-fig. 2. 1906. Materiales para la fauna carcinoldjica de Chile. V. Sobre algunos cru- staceos de Los Vilos. Ibid., vol. 10, pp. 128-138, pls. 11-12, text-figs. 16-17. 1917. Los crustaceos de la Espedicién a Taitao. Bol. Mus. Nac. de Chile, vol. 10, pp. 94-101, text-fig. 60. 1925. Carcinologia chilena. Sobre algunos malacostraceos de la Bahia de Taltal. Rey. Chilena de Hist. Nat., vol. 29, pp. 315-321, pl. 8, text- fig. 41. 1926. Carcinologia chilena. Petrolisthes patagonicus y Loxechinus albus. Tbid., vol. 30, pp. 190-191, text-fig. 23. 1936a. Carcinologia chilena. Sobre algunos decadpodos raros 0 poco conocidos. Ibid., vol. 40, pp. 252-259, pls. 17-18, text-figs. 29-30. 1936b. Carcinologia chilena. Enumeracién metédica de los crustdceos podoftal- mos de la Bahia de Talcahuano. Commun. Mus. Concepcion, vol. 1, pp. 150-154. 1936c. [Same title.] Rev. Chilena de Hist. Nat., vol. 40, pp. 336-339. 1940a. Algunos crustaceos de la costa de Antofagasta. Ibid., vol. 44, pp. 145-147. 1940b. [Same title.] Rev. Universitaria, vol. 25, no. 3 (Ann. Acad. Chilena de Cien. Nat., no. 5), pp. 311-313. 1941. [Same title.] Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. “Javier Prado,” vol. 5, pp. 458-460. RANDALL, J. W. 1839. Catalogue of the Crustacea brought by Thomas Nuttall and J. K. Townsend, from the west coast of North America and the Sandwich Islands, with descriptions of such species as are apparently new... Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, pp. 106-147, pls. 3-7. RATHBUN, Mary J. 1900. Results of the Branner-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. I. The decapod and stomatopod Crustacea. Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 133-156, pl. 8. 250 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 1904. Decapod crustaceans of the northwest coast of North America. Harri- man Alaska Exped., vol. 10, Crustaceans, 210 pp., 10 pls., 95 text-figs. New York. 1910. The stalk-eyed Crustacea of Peru and the adjacent coast. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 38, pp. 531-620, pls. 36-56, text-figs. 1-3. RickeETTs, E. F., and J. CALVIN 1939. Between Pacific tides, an account of the habits and habitats of some five hundred of the common, conspicuous seashore invertebrates of the Pacific coast between Sitka, Alaska, and northern Mexico. (xxii) 320 pp., 46 pls. Stanford University & London. j Rice, G. B., and R. C. MILLer 1949. Intertidal plant and animal zonation in the vicinity of Neah Bay, Washington. Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 26, pp. 323-351, text-figs. 1-8. SAussuRE, H. de 1853. Description de quelques crustacés nouveaux de la cOte occidentale du Mexique. Rev. et Mag. de Zool., ser. 2, vol. 5, pp. 354-368, pls. 12-13. Say, T. 1818. Appendix to the account of the Crustacea of the United States. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, pp. 445-458. ScHMITT, W. L. 1921. The marine decapod Crustacea of California. Univ. California Pubs. Zool., vol. 23, pp. 1-470, pls. 1-50, text-figs. 1-165. 1924a.'The Macrura and Anomura collected by the Williams Galapagos Ex- pedition, 1923. Zoologica [New York], vol. 5, pp. 161-171, text-figs. 39-41. 1924b. Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of Cali- fornia in 1921. Crustacea (Macrura and Anomura). Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 13, pp. 381-388. 1935. Crustacea Macrura and Anomura of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Isl., vol. 15, part 2, pp. 125-227, text-figs. 1-80. 1939. Decapod and other Crustacea collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938 (with introduction and station data). Smithsn. Misc. Collect., vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 1-29, pls. 1-3, text-figs. 1-2. SHEN, C. J. 1936. Notes on the genus Polyonyx (Porcellanidae) with description of a new species. Bul. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., vol. 6 (Zool.), pp. 275-287, text- figs. 1-2. SIVERTSEN, E. 1933. The Norwegian Zoological Expedition to the Galapagos Islands 1925, conducted by Alf Wollebaek. VII. Littoral Crustacea Decapoda from the Galapagos Islands. Meddel. Zool. Mus. Oslo, no. 38, pp. 1-23, pls. 1-4. SMITH, GERTRUDE M. 1928. Notes on the distribution of some decapod Crustacea collected near Sidney, B. C. Canad. Field-Nat., vol. 42, pp. 163-165. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE ZL SMITH, S. I. 1869. Notice of the Crustacea collected by Prof. C. F. Hartt on the coast of Brazil in 1867. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, pp. 1-41, pl. 1. 1871. List of the Crustacea collected by J. A. McNiel in Central America. 2nd and 3d Ann. Rpts. Peabody Acad. Sci. for 1869 and 1870, pp. 87-98. 1880. Notes on Crustacea collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson at Vancouver and the Queen Charlotte Islands. Rpt. Prog. Geol. Surv. Canada for 1878-1879, B, pp. 206-218. SPENCE BATE, C. 1866. In J. K. Lord, The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Col- umbia. Vol. 2, Chapt. 13, Vancouver Island crabs, pp. 262-285, 1 pl. London. STEINBECK, J., and E. F. RicKeTTs 1941. Sea of Cortez, a leisurely journal of travel and research, with a scien- tific appendix comprising materials for a source book on the marine animals of the Panamic faunal province. (x) 598 pp., 40 pls. New York. STIMPSON, W. 1857a. Notices of new species of Crustacea of western North America; being an abstract from a paper to be published in the Journal of the Society. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, pp. 84-89. 1857b. On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Part I. Crustacea. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, pp. 444- 522, pls. 18-22. 1858. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum .. . Pars VII. Crustacea Anomura. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 10, pp. 225-252. 1859. Notes on North American Crustacea, No. 1. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, pp. 49-93, pl. 1. 1860. A trip to Beaufort, North Carolina. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, vol. 29, ser. 2, pp. 442-445. 1871. Notes on North American Crustacea, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. No. III. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, pp. 92-136. 1907. Report on the Crustacea (Brachyura and Anomura) collected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856. Smithsn. Misc. Collect., vol. 49, pp. 1-240, pls. 1-26. STREETS, T. H. 1871a. Descriptions of five new species of Crustacea from Mexico. Proc. Acad Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 23, pp. 225-227, pl. 2. 1871b. Catalogue of Crustacea from the Isthmus of Panama, collected by J. A. McNeil. Ibid., vol. 23, pp. 238-243. TARGIONI-T0ZZETTI, A. 1872a. Catalogo di crostacei podottalmi brachiuri e anomuri raccolti nel viaggio di circumnavigazione della fregata italiana Magenta. Bol. Soc. Ent. Ital., vol. 4, pp. 389-399. 1872b. [Same title.] Atti Soc. Ital. di Sci. Nat., vol. 15, pp. 460-471. 1877. Zoologia del viaggio intorno al globo della R. pirocorvetta Magenta durante gli anni 1865-68. Vol. 1, Crostacei brachiuri e anomuri. 257 pp-, 13 pls. R. Ist. di Studi Super., Sez. di Sci. Fis. Nat. Firenze. 252 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Taytor, G. W. 1912. Preliminary list of one hundred and twenty-nine species of British Columbia decapod crustaceans. Contrib. Canad. Biol. for 1906-1910, pp. 187-214. Tuomson, G. M. 1899. A revision of the Crustacea Anomura of New Zealand. Trans. and Proc. New Zealand Inst., n. ser., vol. 31 (for 1898), pp. 169-197, pls. 20-21. VERRILL, A. E. 1908. Geographical distribution; origin of the Bermudian decapod fauna. Amer. Nat., vol. 42, pp. 289-296. Way, EvELYN 1917. Brachyura and crab-like Anomura of Friday Harbor, Washington. Pubs. Puget Sound Mar. Sta., vol. 1, pp. 349-382, pls. 78-82. White, A. 1847. List of the specimens of Crustacea in the collection of the British Museum. (viii) 143 pp. London. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 255 APPENDEX I Tables of Material Examined The following tables list the material examined in the course of this study, of each species represented by five or more collecting stations. In the case of forms represented by fewer than five stations, collecting data appear in the appropriate species account under the heading Mate- rial Examined. General localities are listed in geographical order from north to south, according to the plan adopted for Previous Records. For latitude and longitude of Hancock Foundation stations up to and including 1502-42, the reader is referred to Fraser (1943). Precise positions of subsequent Hancock Foundation stations have not yet been published. Depths are given in fathoms except where otherwise indicated. Stations occupied by the Hancock Foundation’s research vessels Velero III (1932-1941) and Velero IV (1948-1955) and by certain field collectors under Hancock Foundation sponsorship are consecu- tively numbered, the number in each case followed by a hyphen and by two digits denoting the year of collecting. In the tables such station numbers indicate that the material was collected for and is deposited in the Allan Hancock Foundation, and this information is not repeated in the Remarks column. In cases where Hancock Foundation material is deposited elsewhere (as certain holotypes in the U. S. National Museum), or where the Hancock Foundation station was occupied by a field party rather than by one of the Ve/eros, a notation to that effect appears under Remarks. In all cases where specimens were not taken at a Hancock Founda- tion station, the collector and depository of the material are given. Subsequent to the publication of this report, a first set of specimens, including types, of the material collected by the Velero I/I in the years 1933, 1934, and 1935 will be deposited in the U. S. National Museum. The entry “figured” under Remarks indicates that the specimen is the one photographed. 254 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Institutions are indicated by the following abbreviations: AHF Allan Hancock Foundation AMNH American Museum of Natural History ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia CAS California Academy of Sciences HM Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University NYZS New York Zoological Society OM Universitetets Zoologisk Museum, Oslo SDM San Diego Natural History Museum ™ Museo Civico i Naturali di Torino USNM United States National Museum 255 EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE OL8T1 ZOW :Spiesipgy "H 699LS WH : J2]sseed “Y 9Z8IT ZOW * qssequiais 89568 WNSO :ON2[e A ‘W ES8Il ZOW :Splempy “H peinsy 2 *WNSOD *IISstID “W'S L8Z 3 98L WAS ‘sadAjeied { []asse[y “y's WNS?L) ‘adAjered f]asse[y “y's SvSTZ WNSQ ‘adAjojoy ‘[Jasse[H “y's SyIeUIy Aip ‘suautdeds ¢ 3x § rom! dt AOS T (eued) VULIN SaHLSI1OULadOrT ¢ ATAVL (A0 6Z) BA £7 5SE 2 £Z (AO ¢Z) 5 92 Lt (AO T) BAZ x4 2¢ Arp ‘suauitdeds / (Ao ¢) d+ 28 AOS val AOSl PT xag pure Jaquinny [[9Sse[ VIIWAd VIaHOOHLIOQ Tt TIaV.L 9981 ‘ZT “AON 8£61 ‘8 “qay Seon ‘St ‘uel SE6T ‘IT ‘uel O16T ‘gz aunt OS6T ‘St “uel Ig6l ‘b ‘909q IS6E ‘Z ‘29q Ig6l ‘Z ‘09q If6l ‘Z ‘99G a1e°q a10ys ‘SUL uenf ues ap eryeg Ly eet) ap Seis] “J PYOUTYS a[PPIA HO Ov][BD Ivau UOJUOIY ap B[s] Yo niag zanbeieyd ap eryeg Jopenogy [¢AuQ] eweueg vuUeUued seon’] ues PIS] BOTY BISOD eo[euls ‘UR}ezeyy BIUIOF EO FOF eualepseyy P|] op viyeg ‘eyIvsIVyy ejULS BIS] vualepseyy e] ap eryeg Buajepseyy e] ap eryeg eualepseyy | ap eryeg BIUIOFI[LD vleg A} BI0T VoL. 24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 256 QL O-6£0I O6t ‘sz ‘uel 01-9 B1ouos ‘sewAeny elyeg apis}no Was : Aeny “J Tal Sf6l "qay BIOUOS ‘OUrY ap eiyeg dz Ov-ZrOI OF6t ‘be ‘uel aro0ys uOINGLyY, BIS] JOS ‘s9UIN JF, *] painsy 2 fr) .. 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PE ce-vit 8£-298 8E-8LZ vE-8S2 SE-ELp SE-99b vE-192 $S-96S¢ tS-T6Sc bE-867 be-Ort vE-TET LI-Ma bS-109¢ 8c-MSI £6 ‘OL API 8E61 ‘7 “ARI SE6T ‘bt “uel bE6l ‘Se “qa 861 uel S£61 ‘6 “Gea S£61 ‘6 “Gay $S61 ‘ZL ‘29d L761 PE6l ‘Tt “Jel bS61 ‘Z-1 “G24 $561 ‘Og ‘uel 961 ‘Et API 9E61 ‘ST ALIA +E6l‘Or aunt tE6t‘s ‘uel PS6r ‘¢ ‘uel 9561 ‘81 “ARIA S61 ‘L “qaq Of6T ‘ARIAT 9661 ‘ZZ “ARIA a10ys aroys ar0ys 2104s ai0ys 2104s ai0ys ai0ys b-T ai0ys a10ys a10qs a10ys a10ys ai0ys aroys EPUOrD eyed SBIIS SEIS] euLurg IPI ET OS Pee a. 0909 [9P BIST eaiga[ng oj19Ng ‘saA1OpvAIA SLIS] ¢ 1vdU Jayieg og Jayieg Wo0g Jayieg og BOTY BISOD purysy uoj1addia vjosur T-vjosuer 7 eigeg oojndeoy ‘erony vjues eryeg oopndeoy ‘syo0y ozuaI0T ues Aeg anydjns Avg anydjng Avg ainydjns COMED BEL OBES ef eB Ue 011090 BIS] OpesIse][IAdy Ses] SBJOI[D IIe] BIS] SBJOI|[D BIL] BIS] apes Be] PIS] SULIVJA] S21, Se] SST [9qes] BIS] OdTX9 JAI VOL. 24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 268 WAL £83824 “g SZ8IT ZOW : uewiey ‘AA ‘Ss ZLZ9 HNWV :2WeN ueA'D “AA 6Z098 WNSD ‘9385 'S ‘d 82098 WNSAD ‘8°S3[85 'S ‘d WNS)D : uosqoy *q Jour L6¢86 WNSD : 5504709] 7 1065S WNSQ ‘$50410q] 7 LEI ZOW : zissesy “y SYIVUIIY AST 1 Shy vE-227 suawideds 0/ ‘V2 8-658 suoumtdeds 96 VI S-6 Ih BAT SE-EIb BAT bE-6E2 AOSl S€-Leb suaultdads 08 ‘V2 Sg-SEH suowitdads ¢6'R2 S$ ¢-btbb A0ST et vt A0 SI AO ST AON PE BAZ suawitoads ¢¢ “72 BA] 6£-856 VI 6-256 Pt xag pure Joquinny uoneIS (}U0D) SALYNIDUVW SAHLSIIOULAg PE6l ‘ZL “qaq 8661 ‘St “qa SE61 ‘bo ‘uel Se6l ‘sz ‘uel bS6l ‘ST “qaq Se6t ‘97 ‘uel SE6T ‘gz ‘uel SE61 ‘6c “uel S481 ‘aidy 9261 “ARN 8b6l ‘TI “IB 8t6l ‘6 “qaq 9661 ‘I ‘99q 4061 ‘IE “YO +061 ‘IE “VO 6£61 ‘2 AR 6661 ‘c AR O98T ‘ST ‘IBA aeq "SULT eua]q ejueg ap eIyeg Jopenag BUODIOD) BIST BIN) OJIONg BI) OJONgG B11.) OWIONg BIA OJON vordng eiyeg BIARIO BIyeg BIqUIO]OZ sturg eiqeg Ady [2p BIST BYIOUIG puL v.IOUIS sEIST eSsoqeg BIS] esoqeg es] S¥[19g SB] Op seysy B]pinsoge T, Bs] BL[Insoqe |, es] eSoge [, Bs] esoqe f, Bs] [¢A31D] ,eueuegd,, (}u00) eureueg ANRIOT 269 EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE SHY + ysnequiry Dp eT OS61 ‘SZ “AON adijay ueg jog (Ao 9) Ased prey THV re) a PEL S-£79S S6L ‘ET-2E “dy == aay N tu Z-T pue adijaq ueg AO OT AHV *4preH Y 5 LI 2 +1 9561 ‘0Z PO adijaq ueg WNSQ AOS PT a10ys ooseuag O}ang “3g uLIT[ag Ho EO (saqqiy ) SALVWAV SAHLSITOULIg Tt WIdVL suawtoeds ¢h'v2 E¢-0¢ 6661 ‘9g “uel a10ys JaUpIey op eiyeg Poorer ( ét ' bE-b6l = bE6T ‘ZZ ‘uel SOS sa[tEGD EST ION SOO isE AO $I 391 $6 8-118 8£61‘9Z ‘uel a10ys uo}ZurllIeg es] dt £-8b f£61 ‘2 “928A a10ys uo}ZurIEeg es] (A0 6) roma! ES = PE-SIC “veon s aq a10ys uop10yy sev0y ajtsoddo a[qesijeyapuy elsy Ol vE-SZI +£6l ‘ze ‘uel a1oys [anow ag YON ] INOWAaS BIST (AO Z) ( 5 is 8£-96L £61 ‘IZ “uel Sious BEAT DSte Perey a AO 6 rom a POT €&-TZ €£61 ‘ZT “G94 a10ys sowie ap eryeg sawe[ es] (A0 6) BAT 621 2S ££-69 SE6T ‘TL “Ged a10ys qjlwWMaq|y eIUNg a1eWaq|Y BIST pojuewseryz ‘suautoods / €E-TOT €f61 ‘97 ‘Gag a1oys UIMIeq ap eIyeg (AO ¢T) 3ST vo Seb=26 E£61 ‘“bZ “q9q aroys UIMIE ap eIyeg ADIGW, 92 §£-96 s£6t bZ “Gd ar0ys uIMieg ap Blyeg I9MO T, BIS] spueys] sodedeley ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 270 19925 WNS2: 42] [01g *d peinsy 2 162 ZOW * IP NOW “Vv “f S8EES WNSOD * IP NPW 'V ‘f 7b897M WH | 42[ssaeg ‘a AHYV : uespnuy *[ AHY ‘Uosme(] “x “| AHY ‘uosmed "x “qf AHV ‘ uespnuy *f JHY + uaspnuy *[ LY9LS WNSQ : $80.470q) 7 syIeWsy AOSl PE susutdods 99, ‘D2 Sé-bLb (Ao Zz) 颀 Lt A0 ST eI Cur Score AOSl it ZT c- MM (A0 T) vs 672 UOSME AOS] (Ao [) roy we ccl-SM AOST LC HE E> 3 [ éT 6b-LPLt (Ao T) 52 vs Ob-b60T bE ‘204 LZ¢-0L9 él 9£-T6S (Ao 9) 58 tl Ob-TbOr (Ao Z) 6S £8 Ob-O0F0T 6v PE Ob-S+OT rom! 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HAIG COMPLETE WNSD : Yosqoy *q Jour WNS2D : PuesgeplIH “A'S WNS2D : puergepltH “aS WNSO : PuergapiIH “A'S WNS2D © uosqoy *q toully 9b9LS5 NNSA : $804109] |” 69525 WNSO = 49397 ‘f 007 WNSA : pueiq -9PTTH “A'S PPI "A'S S619 HNWY : 8181035 “C'S “SII +079 8 +619 HNWY ‘2wWeNn ue®A DAN WNSQ + puesq -OPITH “A'S PIN “A'S WNS) : puesq PITH “A'S PPI “A'S 06£1 ZOW ‘ZIssesy ‘VY ‘[jamoy *[ WNS) ‘ uuewypieg *q WNS) + puesq -2PITH “A'S PI “A'S WNS) * PuesqapirH “A'S WNS) : vosqoy *q soul” WNSA ‘uosqoy “Jour WNSQ ‘puraq -OPTTH ‘A'S “4291 "A'S 208 dSNV ‘ IPeNOW ‘VY “f 1+897M WH | J9[sseed "Y SE-Sty 6£61 ‘tT ‘ady LE6T ‘ZT “Gay LE6L ‘ST “Gay LE61 ‘OL “Gay 8E6T ‘9 “AR +061 ‘9Z "YO +16 aunf{ TT6T ‘ST-TT AR 9261 ‘Se “ARN 9Z61 ‘9S “ARIA Se6l ‘Z “Gay Z16I ‘Zo “AR ZI6E ‘Ie “PW $761 Ajn{ CI6T‘L “Gay LE61 ‘9% “Gaq Leo‘ Avy 6661 ‘6 ‘uel CI6E ‘61 “Gey €£6T ‘OL ‘uel tE6l ‘OZ “Gay S061 310ys a10ys 9.10Ys a10ys 9d10Ys aroys ai0ys UU 8-9 oosIoUuRIYy UES yovag OosIoueIy ues yoeag OostouRly ues AyD BPueuReg eau Yovag OsTOUBIY ues BIShA PLP a pueysy Oo1ag esoge [, BIS] edoge [, BS] puels] paynioy yuIOg o][Hed AVI BuBURg AVE eureueg Ay PURURG [¢ AUD] emeueg apis oytoeg ‘s0uURI}Ua [BUD auoZ [vueyd ‘eoqieg yovag opeua, auesuryy aps9A BIST eueueg ap eryeg epuoy eiyeg e}AIBIIL BIS] euUleUue JO SNUIY}ST PUIRUB JO ISBOD MA eueUueg VOL. 24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 212 L99LS5 WNS1 ‘adAjered { yosjieg *g 996Z ZOW :snjuex *f adAjeied 786L ZOW | 49/550 7 $8b0b WNSO ‘419499 “FY 98b0b WNSQA ‘49499 "FA STATA: | WH : ple syong uoA *y 12086 WNSO : 211210 ‘W WNS)A :8rwYy IS "TAA WNS) :331WIY9g “TAA WL : 389 “A SyIRWIIY BAIT BAL satdads Mau ‘IITISON SAHLSITOULIG I (Ao ¢) 5S PL dt AO ST a 2T Pt suswitoads g¢ suawtoeds 09 “v2 ard es (Ao +1) 5 9T Cr A0SZ LC an AOST aa aa | xog pue JoquUnNy (‘3U09) SALYWUY SAHLSITOULAg LE-€c9 LE61 ‘b “ARI cl ATAVL SE-b8E S6l ‘bE ‘uel 8061 ‘sz ‘uel 8061 ‘sz ‘uel SE-S9E +£61 ‘61 ‘29q Z061 +561 PO 9261 ‘7-1 ‘90 9Z61 ‘ET ‘3dag $£-01 Sf6 ‘gt ‘uel ££-ST €61 ‘Oc ‘uel SE-SOb S61 ‘ZZ ‘uel t£-272 = bE OT ‘ZT “984A UOT}ES 31eq 3910ys 2a1oys 310ys OT 2104s a10ys "SUL uppezeyy sean] ues oqeg Bual|eg ezaqea BIUIOFED Jo J[ND B1ouapuadapuy] |] op eryeg eyed uode,) eau sede, Sey uodey Jeau ojedrjyepy niag yund es] [InbeAeny BpEes O19}sq [eeperes o12}sq ] [InbeAeny ‘epeles seulles eual[q bjuesg eJuNg jos Bua BURG ap eIyeg Ase a Chg C9) Jopenoy BUODIOLD) BIST BUOBIOD BIST BIQUIO]OD AYLIOT 273 EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE . . HAIG COMPLETE adAjeied sadAjeied sodAjered sadAjeied painsy 2 ‘sadAje1ed sodAjered sadAjered LS8ET ZOW : uewdey "A'S c0c9 HNWY ‘2WeN Ue AD “MA 9619 HNWV :2WeN Ue,‘ “A £029 ‘0079 ‘£619 HNWY : JeisMoig “7 "Sg ‘SAI ‘OWEN UBRA DM c065$ WNSQ ‘sadAjeied ! ssoujvg) 7 $8966 WNS) ‘adAjojoy ! ssoujvqi py c8Z8b WNSO ‘sadAjeied $ ya}07 ‘[ sadAjered sadAjeied sadAjeied sadAjeied adAjeied AOSI (Ao T) o¥4 (Ao Z) bE E+ A0S¢ 29 3k ¢ AOS +> QE A069 272 BAZ AOdZ 2s Vir Bh Md suautdeds Q¢ ‘v2 suauitoads ¢p ‘v2 (AO OT) 3ST 2&1 PT A06Z (A0Z) Bh Z 3+ VE 272 (Ao ¢) oo 2s (Ao ¢) 66 Pr et ££-61 8E-£S8 SE-SOP v£-6c72 SE-€1b SE-Lov SE-9EP +l vE-fbe St-99P all AS £€-vel £f6t Sf6T Sf6l veel Se6t S£6T Scot SL8I 9c61 9761 9761 ‘S-b “ARI b06T +06T bI6r £f6t bl6r Se6l £f6l ff6T ‘Tc ‘uel ‘2 “QA ‘te ‘uel ‘SL ‘qaq ‘sq ‘uel ‘og ‘uel ‘gz ‘uel Idy ‘TI ‘ARYA 8 “IRI Ts “"~O Ts "pO ‘ZI ‘ydag 6 ‘ARI 02 “994 6 ‘qd ‘LT “ARIA “61 “ARI ar0ys a10ys ai0ys ai0ys 310ys e10ys a1oys ar0ys a10ys a10ys ai0ys aioys aro0ys aroys ai0ys ar0ys a10ys Bua|q BUS ap elyeg ‘eAvig eyung lopenoy BUOSIOLD BIST BUOBION BIST (Sa}UaTIIOD Oqed) eIIGED eIYyeg EIQ”) oVIONg eoidng eiyeg Layee) te) seurg eyeg BSOQRG PIS] eoayoeg PIs] SE]19q SP] ap SeIsT e[[INdoqe y, es] E][indoqe [, BIS] el[Insoqe T, els] es0qe [, &IS] epuoy eiyeg eyeof elsy eweueg Jayieg 0g BOTY BISOD eyyeoeua TL eiyeg [TESTE IST OoTxXafy ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 214 Ayied play JHV ATHY + PP3s[PH “AA “E WNSQ peinsy : £4897 WH : Ple“yong uoa + [6486 WNSOD § puesqapliH “aA “Ss 86486 WNSOD : puesgepliH “A'S £6664 WNSN ‘sed4y -eied { uosqoy ‘qj i0ull|y WNS) ‘2d43 -o[[e ‘ uosqoy “qj 10UT;y 96662 WNSQ ‘ed4} -o[0Y ‘ uosqoy *q 10UT[Y £tv79 WNS) $93 -uawoy A BAN}[NIISY *ag 22+29 WNSD ‘9 -uswiog A BAN}[NIVIDY “999 ZL£29 WNSQ 03 -uauloy A BAN}NIADY "9ag SYIBUIDY 4 02 219 OF-S901 OF6T ‘og ‘uel a10ys PI +S-§79% S61 ‘$I-ZI “dy a10ys rom! 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ra[ssavg "yy OfTb dSNV :*‘padxg "[dxq ‘g'Q painsy 2 jeyuwitpesyxa IZET ZOW ‘snquex ‘f AHY ‘ uespnuy *f painsy 2 SAT 52 a AOST eT oX4 PI A0sT Arp ‘uauntoads | (uIIgND) SALVINOWAENL saAHLSI1OULAg (Ao +) 6S LE AOS I (Ao g) 56 29 AO PT AO 6T PE anf (Ao Z) 68 fr (A0 6) 591 £ tI (Ao Z) b+ Pr (Ao 1) KA eT LZ 8£-828 8£-128 SE-SLE 8E-TE8 SE-08¢ £061 SS6 "qT 9Z61 ‘ST “AON 9261 ‘bl “AON 6061 ‘ZT “AON 8E6T ‘8 ‘qayq 8£61 ‘9 ‘qay Se6t ‘Et ‘uel 8£61 ‘6 “qay SE6T ‘pT “uel 9l ATAVL SE-8Ib S61 ‘be ‘uel OI-MM = 9S61 ‘ET “1eYY 6b-P8Z1 66 ‘IT ‘ady LE-979 = LEG ‘S “ARAL 6b-LZELT 6b61 ‘ST “ARIA Ob-CIIT O61 ‘bT ‘qQayq 3104s ar0ys 3104s ai0ys a10ys azoys a10ys 310ys 2104s a10qs 91048 123[2 1 Bsesejoluy e\sesejouy BI[!dooo J, euang eja[eg eTt4O uenf{ ues op eryeg SP[OOIN UES 9p Byqeg sefatA Se] ap BIS] Jo 7 Biouapuadapuy &] ap eryeg Biuapuadapuy] &| ap eiyeg niag ByIIQ oyang BIqUIO]OD svon’y] ueg oqea svon’] ues ap eiyeg svn] UkS ap eye” so}IaNy] SO] 2p epeuasuy PHqey ueg eyyeg PHqey ues eryeg IC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACII 278 pansy ‘9 WNSOD §Ilsst1D “y's WS :?40T'N ‘H AHV **padxg aft “atu, puny 9S6L ZOW ‘43/5807 SHV : padxg ayiqD *atug puny L108 ZOW : 49/5507 91Tb dSNV ‘2d43 -[¢uAs] ! 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9b-19ST 9b6T ‘ET “3dag Ot 6-692 +6 ‘E “APIA 9-1e ar0qs ak ai0ys OTS oOluasny ues Bung a}1soddo AaMaq ap [eueD epurg ejung &] ap o19}sq epueg vung P| ap o103sq epurg Bung B| ap O19}sq epueg ejung P| Ip O19}sq BIUIOF ED leg Sutpury siidwy jo q Iu 9409) A 0[ TAH SACS OUITAN SRO DUAN purys] BUI[eIVD eULS IOqiep{ S,Jauostig Avg uvorjag Ho Avg uvoljag yo pues] ZN1D vues Avg srayoag “Iai JO ING Tw s°0 pues] esoy ejueS LEE MO) eualq bus op VIyeg Jopenoy BIALIIO BIyeg BIquIO[OZ oondesy ‘eionyT Bjueg eryeg oojndeoy ‘erony ewueg eiyeg SPULIS] SIVIIY SIT AA JO A OdTX9TI VOL. 24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 346 toded siy J, suosfiurds say1stjo04sjagop] py satoads payruapiuy SHNOWANV jaded sy {4/561 pur e561 ‘BIeH FS 1b6T ‘SHeyxTY y yooqurars + LE6T ‘[[Psse[H | | *A[|BUOISBD90 A[UO [B109 UT 1Nd90 s1ay}O AUR] *§01]9901g sajayrhyovg pue ‘supiy “q ‘Snjoulbavul *g “17198 -svjb sayjsyowag ‘out Ayunuw -W09 pay [109 Jo [edId4} ‘ddg Jaded sty} {9¢6T ‘[[asse[D jaded siq.y, yesuawiui0s Aioyest[qo ue A]qeqoig “dds 4 ‘wniyrviqgojvba jy :Sisuauajpppbvu vipistg :*dds 6 ‘sajayrhyovg ‘ihuayop vuos -osigoany : "dds ¢{ ‘sayys1josjag siaqj30 sdeysad f-dds pUuoavg pur v10gopj190g STVYOO NVIXYVAOdATAaCVN viiuing vjayI0yj4EQ saiads paynuaptuy [[H419 A $271G0u vibsobng STVYOO NVINOODYOS Jaded siq} fezc6y ‘Srey > T6T ‘sHexory B% y9eq -UI9}G + BSEGT ‘[]ASSe[D ERTICREDED | ‘ulaJay pajiodai uorje}s SUI}I2]][09 a[SUIs B WOIJ a1v Yor Jo []e AjJvau ‘sp1o0d01 ayy WOIF JUIPTAa st uLY} A[UOUIUIOD ‘dds ¢ euamagainn 2 :Sisuauajppbvu vipisig :*dds + aiow sasuods ur 1no90 sdeysag ‘sajayrdyovg ‘dds 9 ‘sayjsijouag SYIBWOIY pruel[ao10g IyIov gq Ulo}sey ay} Ul s}sOFT JY TL, pue spruvyjao10g jo diysuoneyjay [esueturosd ay} jo Arewuing y Il XIGNUddV satdads payijuapiuy SHONOdS SOF] 347 EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE jaded sty J, bh kOe Ul e | vast sigajo1y4ggQ 10 ‘ayu0da'T vyvjnjigs x14410147Q ‘uas 1y4ly Sn4av0hurpy -[2IN vastpAyv ig stjoydiygu p joded sty J, peyst]qeysa AJajtuyap JOU UISI[BSUdUIWOD Jo sdUaPIAT joded sty J, jaded sty J, B8L6L ‘[]asse[D [esuauw09 Aioyes1]go ue A[qeqoig suosfiuigs SayIsyosag se ‘Scot ‘Sey suosfiuigs $94 4S1]04J9q Sb “Sob ‘SILTY DApLUL Saysstpo4sjad se ‘Scot ‘Srey DAJIUL $aY151]04J9q SB ‘SS6T ‘Step DAJUL $94 4S1] 049g se ‘CC6] ‘SIeyy ‘ vsqim vu] ~]2940g St “6 S61 “Q3IPaI9I\ snziuobvywg $ay4st] -04Jag SB ‘906 ‘A9TANOG (uews’T) D10I1G40 DUDIJII4OT unsourgs unauvI0.445 pé SUVLS LNAdadas aqnig 74710110f vipinTE YARD “TH vubvays vipinT 1y41y SnNsazo0hUury (ABI) viquinjo? vipinT Jeyosor J, pue Jay[NyAy smjv14js 4ajsvyIg (uadajq ) suosfiuirds sayjs1osja gor] p snsouijvjab sajsvuaka sardads paynuepiuy (uasaJJ ) Snsourjvjab Aajsvuaha We [eyosor T, pure Ja] NA] S1pvi4js sajsvyI1g (yo1ewWeT) DApIUL $94 4S1]0449 F017 SNYJuUvIJaY 494801] FT SUV.LS Vas VOL. 24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 348 TH6T ‘saxo Yyoequtarg 9E6T ‘[[PSSeID TH6T ‘SHexOTY 2B YaqQuTaIS TH6T ‘SAXTY Y Yooqutars 9E6T ‘T[asse[D vaiauortinbog DUDIIII AOD Jatanog 1anbip sajsisnbvgé JaIAnog SISUIIUAO{IJVI SNAIYIOIIT $1]012 0S14IUDI DUDIJIIAO (uosduins ) Saqlsjsiuls snuppsvqg i (joIpsuag) snqjv snanbvgé JaIAnog SISUIMAO{IJVI SNA1Y IOI T Sdvuao LINYHH qaded sty :q9s6t ‘Sey S61 ‘TPSSeID snyojnbunisponh xkuokjog “ds snsaqgojavy) (daruay ) Snjopago1swa sn.1ajz¢ojavy 7) SALAVHOATOd DIvI1IVIB VY VULOSOSTY SE ‘THOT ‘SHaxOTY BY yoaqurarg SUDIY $9YIS1] 0149 g DAJIUL S91] ~51]0.419 gq SY “SST ‘SIE snjiuobvyog sayyst] -04J9g S® ‘976 ‘19}10g ‘ds snuvy gajsosjua) A|qeqoig DApLUL $94451]04J9G OT sardeds paynuaptuy) (BuUll[OJA,) $1q]D SnutYyIax0T SNIHOUN Vas aouelajay SyIBWay prue][s10g SOP] COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE Explanation of Plates Every species treated in this report is represented by a toto-illustra- tion, with the exception of Polyonyx nitidus Lockington. That species differs from P. quadriungulatus Glassell only in very minor characters, which are shown in text-figure 12. The illustrations of Minyocerus kirki Glassell and Ulloaia perpusillia Glassell are from drawings by Anker Petersen (after Glassell, 1938a). All other species, with the exception of Pachycheles velerae, Porcellana corbicola, and Polyonyx confinis, new species, are illustrated by photographs of specimens from among the material examined. Those three species, as well as thirteen other new species and one new subspecies described herein, are illustrated by drawings. The photographs were taken by Mr. Francis Munger; the drawings are by the writer. [349] 350 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PAE Petrolisthes nobilii, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 3%. Fig. 2. Right walking leg 1, x 5. Fig. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 10. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PE. f 352 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 2 Petrolisthes galapagensis, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 3%. Fig. 2. Right walking leg 3, x 6. Fig. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 161. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PL. 2 354 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 3 Petrolisthes tonsorius, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 3%. Fig. 2. Right walking leg 1, x 5%. Fig. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 10™%. VOL. 24 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PL. 3 356 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 4 Petrolisthes platymerus, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 7. Fig. 2. Holotype, right walking leg 3, x 12%. Fig. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 25. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PL. 4 358 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 5 Petrolisthes lewisi austrinus, new subspecies Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 6. Fig. 2. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 22. Fig. 3. Right walking leg, x 9. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PLSD 360 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 6 Petrolisthes cocoensis, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 6%. Fig. 2. Right walking leg 1, x 9. Fig. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 25. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PL. 6 362 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 7 Petrolisthes artifrons, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 5. Fig. 2. Right walking leg 1, x 5%. Fig. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 1214. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PL. 7 Vy. e fe ie oe! \e' a! \ 2 \) a! iQ 2) 2. O 364 Fig. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 8 Neopisosoma bicapillatum, new species . 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 6. Fig. 2. Right walking leg, x 8%. Fig. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 24. Fig. Fig. . 4. Carapace, frontal view, x 61%. . 5. Carapace, side view, x 61%. VOL. 24 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PL. § Eee 366 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 9 Neopisosoma dohenyi, new species 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 7. 2. Right walking leg, x 1214. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 28. 4. Carapace, frontal view, x 10. 5. Side view, x 6. VOL. 24 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PL. 9 368 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 10 Pachycheles calculosus, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 54. Fig. 2. Left walking leg 1, x 8. Fig. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 25. Fig. 4. Carapace, side view, x 7%. pL. 10 HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE COMPLETE 370 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PEATE 11 Pachycheles velerae, new species Female holotype (soft-shelled, slightly distorted) Fig. 1. Dorsal view, x 10. Fig. 2. Left cheliped, x 10. Fig. 3. Left walking leg, x 12%. Fig. 4. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 22%. PE EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 12 Pachycheles trichotus, new species . Male holotype, dorsal view, x 6. . Carapace, side view, x 614. . Right walking leg, x 6. . Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 22%. . Carapace, frontal view, x 6. VoL. 24 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PL. 12 374 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 13 Pachycheles subsetosus, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 514. Fig. 2. Carapace, frontal view, x 514. Fig. 3. Right walking leg 1, x 5%. Fig. 4. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 21%. Fig. 5. Carapace, side view, x 44. PL. 13 EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE 376 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 14 Pachycheles crinimanus, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 2. Fig. 2. Carapace, side view, x 134. Fig. 3. Carapace, frontal view, x 3%. Fig. 4. Right walking leg 1, x 3. Fig. 5. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 7%. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE pL. 14 378 Fig. Vig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 15 Porcellana corbicola, new species Female holotype (soft-shelled) . Carapace, dorsal view, x 7%. . Right cheliped, x 7/4. . Left cheliped, x 7%. . Left chela, ventral view, x 74. . Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 18. . Left walking leg, x 7%. VOL. 24 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 3) a bo) 380 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 16 Megalobrachium peruvianum, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, dorsal view, x 6%. Fig. 2. Right walking leg 1, x 434. Fig. 3. Right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 33. Frontal view of carapace of Fig. 4. Megalobrachium poeyi, x 2%. Fig. 5. M. smithi, x 3%. Fig. 6. M. sinuimanus, x 5. Fig. 7. M. garthi, x 4%. Fig. 8. M. erosum, x 3%. Fig. 9. M. peruvianum, x 434. Fig.10. M. festai, x 5. Fig.11. M. tuberculipes, x 6. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE pL. 16 382 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 17 Polyonyx confinis, new species Fig. 1. Male holotype, carapace, dorsal view, x 13. Fig. 2. Holotype, left cheliped, x 13. Fig. 3. Holotype, right cheliped, x 13. Fig. 5. Paratype, right antennule, basal segment, ventral view, x 56. 1 2 3 Fig. 4. Holotype, left walking leg 3, x 174. 5 Fig. 6. Holotype, carapace, frontal view, x 14. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PELs ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 18 Fig. 1. Orthochela pumila Glassell, male. Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California. Fig. 2. Petrolisthes robsonae Glassell, male (HM K26843). Guaya- quil, Ecuador. Fig. 3. Petrolisthes nobili, n. sp.. male paratype. Puerto Utria, Colombia. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 2) 86 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. nN ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 19 . Petrolisthes hirtispinosus Lockington, male. Puerto San Carlos, Gulf of California. . Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes), male. Bahia de Salinas, Costa Rica. Petrolisthes desmarestii (Guérin), male. Coronel, Chile. Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc), male. Panama City, Panama. PL. 19 EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE MTT TERT TTT ADVI TAVITA TH MORRAGAURARU NA PRRUAGAAUR OA ELUM RRAA HUH UUHRARROMRMOO ROTO PPYOUTTTAVONTTTTTAVVUNNTTTTEVVOVTTTEETUDE HLLLTET HTT e Tih 388 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 RIE AWE E20 Fig. 1. Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson, female. Isla Socorro, Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico. Fig. 2. Petrolisthes glassell1 Haig, female paratype. Bahia Octavia, Colombia. . Petrolisthes sanfelipensis Glassell, male. Isla Tiburon, Gulf of Caiifornia. zal a 2 Fig. 4. Petrolisthes agassizi Faxon, male. Venado, Panama. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 390 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 21 Petrolisthes edwardsii (Saussure), male. Los Frailes, Gulf of Cali- fornia. 2b, 41 EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE eect eam an ae Litt bo oe) ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS vor, 24 PAGE 22 . Petrolisthes polymitus Glassell, male. Los Frailes, Gulf of California. Petrolisthes cocoensis, n. sp., female paratype. Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Petrolisthes hiens Nobili, male. Acapulco, Mexico. . Petrolisthes artifrons, 1. sp., male paratype. Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador. COMPLETE HAIG: I ERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 39% Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PACE 23 . Petroitsthes lewisi lewisi (Glassell), female. Isla Maria Cleo- fas, Islas Las Tres Marias, Mexico. . Petrolisthes lewisi austrinus, n. subsp., female paratype. Cabo de San Francisco, Ecuador. . Petrolisthes ortmanni Nobili, female. Los Frailes, Gulf of California. . Petrolisthes crenulatus Lockington, male. Isla Espiritu Santo, Gulf of California, a (x) = a of =| 7 ~] O a4 'S) fy So) x tASTERN COMPLETE 396 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 24 Jeb aNIDS Ae Fig. 1. Petrolisthes nigrunguiculatus Glassell, male. Bahia de San Lucas, Gulf of California. Fig. 2. Petrolisthes tuberculatus (Guérin), male. Bahia de la Inde- pendencia, Peru. Fig. 3. Petrolisihes hirtifes Lockington, male. Puerto San Carlos, Gulf of California. Fig. 4. Petrolisthes tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards), male. Bahia de San Juan, Peru. POE ee Pees SSeS RB BEE ESD Q pL. 24 ¢ _ , ae TET PETES EEE EE EEE ORORGREGGOeeeebeeneecueuuaeeeenaa l Pa EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE FREE fie ee ee || to ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PIVAGE R25 . Petrolisthes tiburonensis Glassell, male. Isla Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California. Petrolisthes galapagensis, 0. sp., male paratype. Isla Charles, Galapagos Islands. . Petrolisthes tiburonensis Glassell, female. Isla Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California. Petrolisthes tridentatus Stimpson, male. Port Parker, Costa Rica. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 400 ie) w ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 24 PEAR 26 Petrolisthes tonsorius, n. sp., male paratype. Isla Bartolome, Galapagos Islands. Petrolisthes rathbunae Schmitt, female. Isla Guadalupe, Baja California. Petrolisthes cabrillot Glassell, male. Dana Point, California. Petrolisthes eriomerus Stimpson, male. Cape Arago State Park, Oregon. EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE EUAMALIAS DAP Ce eee ee fe ee ee pease ieuer tetcnauielet Sorc ed | | ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PAPAS 27 Fig. 1. Petrolisthes manimaculis Glassell, male. Cambria, California. Fig. 2. Petrolisthes gracilis Stimpson, male. Puerto San Carlos, Gulf of California. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE Pre ‘ i TUOTTATLO UHL NN ORICON LAURA PVT TTETL ALTE re ee ree 2 vucvucitnadtiriirrrrritiit eTEUUETTVTT EPP UTPETLEEV EET 404 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. we ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 24 PLATE 28 . Petrolisthes granulosus (Guérin), male. Bahia de la Indepen- dencia, Peru. Petrolisthes laevigatus (Guérin), male. Golfo de Quetalma- hué, Chile. Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall), male. Coos Bay, Oregon. Petrolisthes violaceus (Guérin), male. Bahia de San Juan, Peru. PL. 28 EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE POET {vdd40U04 a GDOUOILUAT OUT EATLULLEU TEA LLAT LADERA AULT | ||| ||| || WH HA EES ' HAT PUTT v | 1 PAVRRCMIRRSRER GUAR AMA NARRMAAO MORSE RRR RR ABA MILE JUTE TOT g TILT 1 406 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 24 JALAN IES, 2) . Petrolisthes schmitti Glassell, temale. Isla San Francisco, Gulf of California. . Petrolisthes brachycarpus Sivertsen, male. Isla Indefatigable, Galapagos Islands. . Petrolisthes platymerus, 0. sp., female paratype. Port Parker, Costa Rica. . Petrolisthes holotrichus Nobili, male. Bahia de Salinas, Costa Rica. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 408 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PEATE 30 Fig. 1. Clastotoechus diffractus (Haig), male holotype (AHF 542). Acapulco, Mexico. . Neopisosoma mexicanum (Streets), male. La Libertad, Ecua- dor. Neoptsosoma bicapillatum, n. sp., male paratype. La Libertad, Ecuador. Fig. 4. Neopisosoma dohenyi,n. sp., male paratype. Acapulco, Mexico. nN Fig. we Fig. COMPLETE SASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE +10 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 JPLAINS, Bhi . Pachycheles crassus (A. Milne Edwards), male (USNM 77509). Balboa, Canal Zone, Panama. . Pachycheles setimanus (Lockington), male. Bahia de Guay- mas, Gulf of California. . Pachycheles chacei Haig, male. Bahia Pinas, Panama. . Pachycheles calculosus, n. sp., male paratype. Bahia Tangola- Tangola, Mexico. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 412 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PAVE 32, . Pachycheles btocellatus (Lockington), male. Puerto Utria, Colombia. . Pachycheles vicarius Nobili, male. Port Parker, Costa Rica. . Pachycheles trichotus, n. sp., male holotype (USNM 102412). Isla Verde, Panama. . Pachycheles subsetosus, n. sp., male paratype. Puntarenas, Costa Rica. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 414 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. i) ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PAPA 33 . Pachycheles panamensis Faxon, male. Isla Tiburon, Gulf of California. . Pachycheles spinidactylus Haig, male. Bahia de Santa Maria, Baja California. . Pachycheles marcortezensis Glassell, male. Isla Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California. . Pachycheles monilifer (Dana), male. Outer Hillsboro Reef, Florida. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 416 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 34 fornia. fornia. . Pachycheles crinimanus, 0. Sechura, Peru. . Pachycheles rudis Stimpson, male. Sunset Bay, Oregon. . Pachycheles holosericus Schmitt, male. Santa Barbara, Cali- . Pachycheles pubescens Holmes, female. Bodega Bay, Cali- sp., male paratype. Bahia de HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE COMPLETE PPE EEE i {i i HULA TOTTI ¥ i | TTT TT TTT 418 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 RIGAS SS 5 . Pachycheles grossimanus (Guérin), female. Bahia de la Inde- pendencia, Peru. . Allopetrolisthes punctatus (Guérin), male. Montemar, Chile. . Allopetrolisthes spinifrons (H. Milne Edwards), male. Bahia de la Independencia, Peru. Fig. 4. dllopetrolisthes angulosus (Guérin), male. Bahia de la Inde- pendencia, Peru, ir>)| IS ar =| a qe ve bo 5 Die 3 EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE HAIG COMPLETE ee per THCTERCE LLU Cee Once ae CATTLE TE OUT PEPE PEEP PPP Pee eee ee eee TOV ¢ 420 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PLATE 36 Fig. 1. Euceramus panatelus Glassell, male. San José, Guatemala. Fig. 2. Euceramus transversilineatus (Lockington), female. Bahia de la Magdalena, Baja California. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS PLATE 37 Fig. 1. Minyocerus kirki Glassell. (After Glassell, 1938a) Fig. 2. Ulloaia perpusillia Glassell. (After Glassell, 1938a) VoL. 24 COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE Phaoy 424 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 PILING, SiS Fig. 1. Porcellana paguriconviva Glassell, male. Port Culebra, Cesta Rica. . Porcellana cancrisocialis Glassell, male. Bahia de Concepcion, Gulf of California. . Porcellana hancocki Glassell, male holotype (AHF 363). Bahia de los Angeles, Gulf of California. Fig. 4+. Pistdia magdalenensis (Glassell), male. Bahia de la Magda- lena, Baja California. el q9 re) Loa) _ oi Le) COMPLETE AIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE 426 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig > 4. fer 3. ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PLATE 39 - Megalobrachium poeyi (Guérin), male. San Francisco, Panama. Megalobrachium smithi (Glassell), male. Bahia de Concep- cion, Gulf of California. Megalobrachium sinuimanus (Lockington), male. Los Frailes, Gulf of California. Megalobrachium garthi Haig, male. Acapulco, Mexico. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE Fwhy ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. PLATE 40 . Megalobrachium peruvianum, n. sp., male holotype (USNM 102413). Islas Lobos de Afuera, Peru. . Megalobrachium erosum (Glassell), male. Isla Isabel, Mexico. . Megalobrachium festai (Nobili), female. Acapulco, Mexico. . Megalobrachium tuberculipes (Lockington), male. Isla Tur- ner, Gulf of California. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAE PL. 40 430 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL PUAT E41 Fig. 1. Liopetrolisthes mitra (Dana), male. Iquique, Chile. Fig. 2. Polyonyx quadriungulatus Glassell, male. Santa Cruz Island, California. COMPLETE HAIG: EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANIDAI INDEX Illustrations are in bold face type acanthophora, Porcellana, 43, 44, 45 acanthophorus, Petrolisthes, 8, 43, 45 ackleianus, Pachycheles, 143, 144 Aeglea, 10 affinis, Petrolisthes, 67, 69 Porcellana, 66, 68, 69, 81, 83 agassizi, Petrolisthes, 32 agassizii, Petrolisthes, 24, 32, 33, 36, 257, 389 albus, Loxechinus, 20, 348 Pagurus, 202, 348 Allopetrolisthes, 8, 12, 22, 178 angulosus, 179, 180, 181, 330, 419 punctatus, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 419 spinifrons, 179, 181, 185, 331, 346, 347, 419 amoenus, Petrolisthes, 22, 39, 41, 50 Amphipholis platydisca, 196, 347 angulosa, Porcellana, 178, 180 angulosus, Allopetrolisthes, 179, 180, 181, 330, 419 Petrolisthes, 8, 180, 182 angusta, Porcellana, 193 angustifrons, Neopisosoma, 124, 131 Pisosoma, 8 angustus, Minyocerus, 195, 196 aphrodita, Pisosoma, 144, 145, 147 armata, Porcellana, 50 armatus, Petrolistes, 51 Petrolisthes, 25, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 269, 387 Ptrolisthes, 51 var. pallidus, Petrolisthes, 51 artifrons, Petrolisthes, 8, 27, 117, 119, 121, 306, 363, 393 asiaticus, Petrolisthes, 22, 51, 54 lamarcki var., 51, 54 Asteracanthion helianthus, 20 Astrocaneum spinosum, 206, 347 aurantiacus, Stichaster, 20 austrinus, Petrolisthes lewisi, 8, 115, 116, 117, 121, 220, 305, 359, 395 balssi, Pachycheles, 164 barbatus, Pachycheles, 154 bellus, Pachycheles, 175 bicapillatum, Neopisosoma, 8, 123, 124, 126, 127, 309, 365, 409 biocellatus, Pachycheles, 8, 134, 144, 146, 147, 314, 346, 413 Petrolisthes (Pisosoma), 144, 146 bluteli, Pisidia, 209 boscii, Petrolisthes, 36 Porcellana, 36, 37 brachycarpus, Petrolistes gracilis var., 106 Petrolisthes, 8, 9, 29, 106, 107, 109, 300, 407 gracilis var., 8 brasiliensis, Petrolisthes, 37 cabrilloa, Petrolisthes, 88 cabrilloi, Petrolisthes, 28, 88, 90, 93, 289, 401 calculosus, Pachycheles, 8, 134, 136, 138, 312, 369, 411 californiensis, Petrochirus, 202, 204, 348 Cancer platy-cheles, 196 cancrisocialis, Porcellana, 8, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 334, 348, 425 carinata, Porcellana, 180 Centrostephanus, 122, 348 cessacii, Petrolisthes, 22, 50 chacei, Pachycheles, 134, 135, 136, 311, 411 Chaetopterus, 238, 348 variopedatus, 348 Chetopterus variopedatus, 238 cinctipes, Petrolisthes, 29, 74, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 104, 105, 292, 405 Porcellana, 90, 93 Clastoteoechus, 8, 11, 22, 175 diffractus, 176, 177, 178, 409 nodosus, 177, 178 vanderhorsti, 177, 178 clathrata, Luidia, 195 coccineus, Petrolisthes, 22 cocoensis, Petrolisthes, 8, 27, 117, 118, 120, 361, 393 columbia, Luidia, 195, 347 confinis, Polyonyx, 8, 233, 234, 234, 349, 383 corbicola, Porcellana, 8, 197, 205, 206, 347, 349, 379 crassa, Porcellana (Pachycheles), 141 crassus, Pachycheles, 8, 134, 141, 142, 143, 144, 411 crenulatus, Petrolisthes, 8, 24, 27, 110, 111, 113, 120, 301, 395 Crepidula nivea, 204 crinimanus, Pachycheles, 8, 133, 164, 166,167; 322, 377, 417 cristata, Porcellana, 183, 184 curacaoense, Neopisosoma, 124, 126, 127 Pisosoma, 8 danae, Petrolisthes, 37 Porcellana, 36 Dardanus sinistripes, 202, 348 decacanthus, Petrolisthes, 22 433 434 dehaanii, Pisidia, 209 desmaresti, Petrolisthes, 43 desmarestii, Petrolisthes, 8, 25, 43, 45, 66, 184, 387 Porcellana, 43, 45, 66 diffractus, Clastotoechus, 176, 177, 178, 409 Petrolisthes, 8, 175, 176 digueti, Paguristes, 204, 348 dohenyi, Neopisosoma, 8, 9, 124, 129, 131, 311, 346, 367, 409 dubia, Porcellana, 43 edwardsi, Petrolisthes, 34 edwardsii, Petrolistes, 34 Petrolisthes, 5, 24, 32, 33, 35, 36, 45, 257, 391 Porcellana, 33, 36 edwardsius, Petrolisthes, 34, 36, 45 egregia, Porcellana, 36 elongatus, Petrolisthes, 23, 94 Enostea, 196 eriomerus, Petrolisthes, 28, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 93, 108, 109, 280, 401 erosa, Megalobrachium, 222 Pisonella, 222 Pisosoma, 222 erosum, Megalobrachium, 9, 213, 222, 223, 343, 381, 429 Euceramus, 11, 187, 188 panatelus, 188, 189, 190, 332, 421 praelongus, 187, 188, 189, 190 transversilineatus, 8, 188, 189, 190, 192, 332, 421 Eugorgia nobilis, 15, 346 eupicola, Porcellana, 74, 91 Fabia granti, 204 felipensis, Petrolisthes, 30 festae, Porcellanides, 212, 226 Porcellanopsis, 226 festai, Megalobrachium, 9, 213, 226, 227, 344, 381, 429 Porcellanopsis, 226 fimbriatus, Petrolisthes, 54 lamarckii var., 54 flagraciliata, Pisosoma, 8, 121, 122, 123, 348 foliolata, Luidia, 195, 347 frontalis, Porcellana, 197 Fucus, 162 galapagensis, Petrolisthes, 8, 9, 28, 84, 85, 288, 353, 399 Galatheidae, 11 Galatheidea, 11 galathina, Porcellana, 36 galathinus, Petrolisthes, 22, 25, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 47, 50, 260, 387 garthi, Megalobrachium, 213, 218, 219, 220, 222, 342, 381, 427 gelatinosus, Meyenaster, 20, 187, 347 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 gibbesi, Polyonyx, 238, 239 gibbosicarpus, Petrolisthes (Pisosoma) , 8, 144, 146 glasselli, Petrolisthes, 24, 39, 40, 41, 262, 346, 389 gracilis, Petrolistes, 79 Petrolisthes, 9, 28, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 106, 107, 284, 403 var. brachycarpus, Petrolistes, 106 Petrolisthes, 8 granti, F'abia, 204 granuliferum, Megalobrachium, 212, 214 granulosa, Petrolisthes, 94, 97, 99 Porcellana, 94, 95, 96 granulosus, Petrolisthes, 29, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 296, 405 greeleyi, Pachycheles, 138 grisea, Ophiolepis, 196, 347 grossimana, Porcellana, 131, 167 grossimanus, Pachycheles, 133, 164, 166, 167, 169, 183, 322, 419 gundlachii, Porcellana, 50 hancocki, Porcellana, 8, 197, 198, 199, 200, 425 helianthus, Asteracanthion, 20 Heliaster, 20, 347 Heliaster helianthus, 20, 347 hians, Petrolisthes, 8, 24, 26, 120, 121, 122, 123, 307, 346, 348, 393 hirtipes, Petrolisthes, 8, 22, 24, 26, 60, 62, 274, 397 hirtispinosus, Petrolisthes, 8, 25, 36, 45, 47, 49, 50, 265, 387 hispidus, Petrolisthes, 60, 62 holosericus, Pachycheles, 133, 173, 174, 175, 329, 417 holotrichus, Petrolisthes, 8, 29, 102, 103, 109, 298, 407 iheringi, Petrolisthes, 51 inermis, Petrolisthes, 23 japonicus, Petrolisthes, 23 jugosus, Petrolisthes, 23, 122, 123 kirki, Minyocerus, 193, 194, 196, 333, 347, 349, 423 kriczagini, Porcellanides, 207, 208 laevidactylus, Pachycheles, 167 laevigata, Petrolisthes, 97 Porcellana, 96, 97, 99 laevigatus, Petrolisthes, 29, 58, 94, 96, 97, 99, 296, 405 lamarcki, Petrolisthes, 22 var. asiaticus, Petrolisthes, 51, 54 lamarckii, Petrolisthes, 22, 51, 54 var. fimbriatus, Petrolisthes, 54 var. rufescens, Petrolisthes, 54 leporina, Porcellana, 51 leporinus, Petrolisthes, 51 Lessonia, 169, 182, 187 COMPLETE lewisi, Petrolisthes, 8, 24, 113, 115, 117, ible IG) AAD) lewisi, 27, 113, 115, 116, 304, 395 Pisosoma, 113 lewisi austrinus, Petrolisthes, 8, 27, 115, 116, 117, 121, 220, 305, 359, 395 lewisi lewisi, Petrolisthes, 27, 113, 115, 116, 304, 395 ligulata, Pocillopora, 219 linnaeana, Pisidia, 207, 208 Liopetrolisthes, 8, 12, 16, 17, 22 mitra, frontis., 16, 17, 18, 19, 255, 347, 348, 431 lobifrons, Porcellana, 64, 66, 69 longicornis, Pisidia, 209, 211 Porcellana, 9, 208 Loxechinus albus, 20, 348 Luidia, 196 clathrata, 195 columbia, 195, 347 foliolata, 195, 347 phragma, 195, 347 macrocheles, Polyonyx, 238 Porcellana, 100, 232 Macrocystis, 169 macropterus, Neothunnus, 35 magdalenensis, Pisidia, 209, 210, 211, 212, 232, 338, 346, 425 Porcellana, 209 manimaculis, Petrolisthes, 28, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 282, 403 marcortezensis, Pachycheles, 8, 134, 149, 152, 317, 415 marginatus, Petrolistes, 47 Petrolisthes, 25, 36, 47, 49, 50, 54, 266, 346, 389 Megalobrachium, 13, 212, 213, 225, 346 erosa, 222 erosum, 9, 213, 222, 223, 343, 381, 429 festai, 9, 213, 226, 227, 344, 381, 429 garthi, 213, 218, 219, 220, 222, 342, 381, 427 granuliferum, 212, 214 peruvianum, 8, 213, 224, 225, 227, 381, 429 poeyi, 213, 214, 339, 381, 427 roseum, 225, 227 sinuimanus, 8, 115, 213, 217, 220, 222, 341, 381, 427 smithi, 9, 213, 215, 216, 217, 219, 340, 381, 427 soriatum, 229 tuberculipes, 213, 227, 344, 381, 429 Megalops, 10 mexicanum, Neopisosoma, 8, 124, 126, 127, 310, 409 INDEX 435 mexicanus, Pachycheles, 8, 127, 129 Meyenaster gelatinosus, 20, 187, 347 militaris, Petrolisthes, 22 Minyocerus, 12, 193, 195, 196 angustus, 195, 196 kirki, 193, 194, 196, 333, 347, 349, 423 Mithrax, 9 mitra, Liopetrolisthes, frontis., 16, 17, 18, 19, 255, 347, 348, 431 Petrolisthes, 8, 17, 347, 348 Porcellana, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 347 monilifer, Pachycheles, 133, 160, 162, 415 monilifera, Porcellana, 160 moniliferus, Pachycheles, 160 monodi, Petrolisthes, 22, 50 Monolepis, 10 Neopisosoma, 8, 12, 123, 124 angustifrons, 124, 131 bicapillatum, 8, 123, 124, 126, 127, 309, 365, 409 curacaoense, 124, 126, 127 dohenyi, 8, 9, 124, 129, 131, 311, 346, 367, 409 mexicanum, 8, 124, 126, 127, 310, 409 Neothunnus macropterus, 35 nigritus, Phyllonotus, 204 nigrunguiculatus, Petrolisthes, 22, 26, 62, 64, 276, 397 nitidus, Polyonyx, 5, 6, 9, 233, 234, 239, 240, 241, 349 nivea, Crepidula, 204 nobilii, Petrolisthes, 8, 25, 55, 56, 57, 272, 351, 385 nobilis, Eugorgia, 15, 346 nodosus, Clastotoechus, 177, 178 Petrolisthes, 8, 175 novaezelandiae, Petrolisthes, 24 occidentalis, Petrolisthes, 36, 38 Ophiolepis grisea, 196, 347 Ophiothrix spiculata, 196, 347 Orthochela, 11, 13, 124 pumila, 13, 14, 14, 255, 346, 385 ortmanni, Petrolisthes, 8, 24, 27, 111, 112, 113, 120, 302, 395 Pachycheles, 9, 11, 124, 131, 132, 346 ackleianus, 143, 144 balssi, 164 barbatus, 154 bellus, 175 biocellatus, 8, 134, 144, 146, 147, 314, 346, 413 calculosus, 8, 134, 136, 138, 312, 369, 411 chacei, 134, 135, 136, 311, 411 crassus, 8, 134, 141, 142, 143, 144, 411 436 crinimanus, 8, 133, 164, 166, 167, 322, 377, 417 greeleyi, 138 grossimanus, 133, 164, 166, 167, 169, 183, 322, 419 holosericus, 133, 173, 174, 175, 329, 417 laevidactylus, 167 marcortezensis, 8, 134, 149, 152, 317, 415 mexicanus, 8, 127, 129 monilifer, 133, 160, 162, 415 moniliferus, 160 panamensis, 134, 139, 141, 155, 156, 158, 319, 415 pilosus, 154, 156 pubescens, 76, 133, 162, 164, 166, 167, 320, 417 riisei, 146 rotondus, 220, 221 rotundus, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222 LUGIS W133, 1550136. 170i Zl7as 174, 323, 417 rugimanus, 152 serratus, 140, 141 setimanus, 8, 134, 139, 140, 141, 313, 411 sonorensis, 155, 156 spinidactylus, 134, 153, 154, 318, 415 stevensii, 172 subsetosus, 8, 134, 159, 375, 413 trichotus, 8, 134, 157, 373, 413 tuberculipes, 227 velerae, 8, 134, 150, 152, 349, 371 vicarius, 8, 134, 147, 316, 413 (Pachycheles) crassa, Porcellana, 141 paguriconviva, Porcellana, 8, 197, 198, 199, 203, 205, 336, 348, 425 Paguristes digueti, 204, 348 Pagurus albus, 202, 348 pallidus, Petrolisthes armatus var., 51 panamensis, Pachycheles, 134, 139, 141, 155, 156, 158, 319, 415 panatelus, Euceramus, 188, 189, 190, 332, 421 patagonica, Porcellana, 17, 19, 20 patagonicus, Petrolisthes, 17, 20, 347, 348 Pavona, 40, 346 penicillatus, Petrolisthes, 24 perpusillia, Ulloaia, 229, 230, 231, 232, 349, 423 peruvianum, Megalobrachium, 8, 213, 224, 225, 227, 381, 429 Petrocheles, 22 spinosus, 22 Petrochirus californiensis, 202, 204, 348 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 Petrolistes armatus, 51 edwardsii, 34 gracilis, 79 var. brachycarpus, 106 marginatus, 47 Petrolisthes, 6,'9, 12, 17, 21, 22, 23, 31, 77, 81; 88, 112,113, 123,.13925179) 346 acanthophorus, 8, 43, 45 affinis, 67, 69 agassizi, 32 agassizii, 24, 32, 33, 36, 257, 389 amoenus, 22, 39, 41, 50 angulosus, 8, 180, 182 armatus, 25, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 269, 387 var. pallidus, 51 artifrons, 8, 27, 117, 119, 121, 306, 363, 393 asiaticus, 22, 51, 54 boscii, 36 brachycarpus, 8, 9, 29, 106, 107, 109, 300, 407 brasiliensis, 37 cabrilloa, 88 cabrilloi, 28, 88, 90, 93, 289, 401 cessacii, 22, 50 cinctipes, 29, 74, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 104, 105, 292, 405 coccineus, 22 cocoensis, 8, 27, 117, 118, 120, 361, 393 crenulatus, 8, 24, 27, 110, 111, 113, 120, 301, 395 danae, 37 decacanthus, 22 desmaresti, 43 desmarestii, 8, 25, 43, 45, 66, 184, 387 diffractus, 8, 175, 176 edwardsi, 34 edwardsii, 5, 24, 32, 33, 35, 36, 45, 257, 391 edwardsius, 34, 36, 45 elongatus, 23, 94 eriomerus, 28, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 93, 108, 109, 280, 401 felipensis, 30 fimbriatus, 54 galapagensis, 8, 9, 28, 84, 85, 288, 353, 399 galathinus, 22, 25, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 47, 50, 260, 387 glasselli, 24, 39, 40, 41, 262, 346, 389 gracilis, 9, 28, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 106, 107, 284, 403 var. brachycarpus, 8 granulosa, 94, 97, 99 COMPLETE granulosus, 29, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 296, 405 hians, 8, 24, 26, 120, 121, 122, 123, 307, 346, 348, 393 hirtipes, 8, 22, 24, 26, 60, 62, 274, 397 hirtispinosus, 8, 25, 36, 45, 47, 49, 50, 265, 387 hispidus, 60, 62 holotrichus, 8, 29, 102, 103, 109, 298, 407 iheringi, 51 inermis, 23 japonicus, 23 jugosus, 23, 122, 123 laevigata, 97 laevigatus, 29, 58, 94, 96, 97, 99, 296, 405 lamarcki, 22 var. asiaticus, 51, 54 lamarckii, 22, 51, 54 var. fimbriatus, 54 var. rufescens, 54 leporinus, 51 lewisi, 8, 24, 113, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120 austrinus, 8, 27, 115, 116, 117, 121, 220, 305, 359, 395 lewisi, 27, 113, 115, 116, 304, 395 manimaculis, 28, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 282, 403 marginatus, 25, 36, 47, 49, 50, 54, 266, 346, 389 militaris, 22 mitra, 8, 17, 347, 348 monodi, 22, 50 nigrunguiculatus, 22, 26, 62, 64, 276, 397 nobilii, 8, 25, 55, 56, 57, 272, 351, 385 nodosus, 8, 175 novaezelandiae, 24 occidentalis, 36, 38 ortmanni, 8, 24, 27, 111, 112, 113, 120, 302, 395 patagonicus, 17, 20, 347, 348 penicillatus, 24 platymerus, 8, 29, 83, 107, 108, 109, 357, 407 politus, 22, 55, 56, 57 polymitus, 25, 31, 41, 42, 43, 263, 393 punctatus, 8, 183 quadratus, 23, 87 rathbunae, 23, 28, 72, 74, 279, 401 reissi, 180 robsonae, 25, 57, 58, 59, 274, 385 rufescens, 54 rupicolus, 74, 88, 90, 93, 104, 105 INDEX 437 sanfelipensis. 8, 24, 30, 31, 256, 389 schmitti, 8, 29, 93, 104, 105, 107, 109, 299, 407 setimanus, 139 sexspinosus, 36 similis, 51, 53, 54 sinuimanus, 115, 116, 217 spinifrons, 8, 185, 347 tiburonensis, 8, 23, 25, 70, 278, 399 tomentosus, 24 tonsorius, 8, 9, 28, 85, 87, 88, 288, 355, 401 tortugensis, 22 tridentatus, 29, 69, 81, 83, 287, 399 tuberculatus, 23, 26, 64, 65, 66, 277, 397 tuberculifrons, 67, 69 tuberculosus, 23, 26, 65, 66, 67, 69, 397 unilobatus, 23 validus, 94, 97, 99 vanderhorsti, 8, 175 violaceus, 23, 27, 87, 99, 100, 102, 117, 297, 405 (Pisosoma) biocellatus, 144, 146 gibbosicarpus, 8, 144, 146 setimanus, 8, 139 sinuimanus, 8, 212, 217, 219, 220 phragma, Luidia, 195, 347 Phyllonotus nigritus, 204 pilosus, Pachycheles, 154, 156 Pinna, 140 Pisidia, 8, 13, 197, 207, 208 bluteli, 209 dehaanii, 209 linnaeana, 207, 208 longicornis, 209, 211 magdalenensis, 209, 210, 211, 212, 232, 338, 346, 425 serratifrons, 209, 211 spinuligera, 208, 209 streptocheles, 209 suluensis, 209 Pisonella, 212 erosa, 222 sinuimanus, 217 smithi, 215 tuberculipes, 227 Pisosoma, 124, 131, 132 angustifrons, 8 aphrodita, 144, 145, 147 curacaoense, 8 erosa, 222 flagraciliata, 8, 121, 122, 123, 348 lewisi, 113 pisum, 132 sinuimanus, 217 smithi, 215 438 (Pisosoma) biocellatus, Petrolisthes, 144, 146 gibbosicarpus, Petrolisthes, 8, 144, 146 setimanus, Petrolisthes, 8, 139 sinuimanus, Petrolisthes, 8, 212, 217, 219, 220 pisum, Pisosoma, 132 Porcellana, 131, 132 Platycheles, 196 platycheles, Porcellana, 197, 208 platy-cheles, Cancer, 196 platydisca, Amphipholis, 196, 347 platymerus, Petrolisthes, 8, 29, 83, 107, 108, 109, 357, 407 Pocillopora, 40, 49, 346 ligulata, 219 poeyi, Megalobrachium, 213, 214, 339, 381, 427 Porcellana, 214 politus, Petrolisthes, 22, 55, 56, 57 polymitus, Petrolisthes, 25, 31, 41, 42, 43, 263, 393 Polyonyx, 6, 9, 12, 143, 208, 232, 233, 236, 238 confinis, 8, 233, 234, 234, 349, 383 gibbesi, 238, 239 macrocheles, 238 nitidus, 5, 6, 9, 233, 234, 239, 240, 241, 349 quadriungulatus, 233, 234, 236, 239, 240, 241, 345, 348, 349, 431 sinensis, 238 tuberculipes, 227 utinomii, 239 Porcellana, 8, 13, 16, 17, 196, 197, 206, 207, 208, 209, 233 acanthophora, 43, 44, 45 afhinis, 66, 68, 69, 81, 83 angulosa, 178, 180 angusta, 193 armata, 50 boscii, 36, 37 cancrisocialis, 8, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 334, 348, 425 carinata, 180 cinctipes, 90, 93 corbicola, 8, 197, 205, 206, 347, 349, 379 cristata, 183, 184 danae, 36 desmarestii, 43, 45, 66 dubia, 43 edwardsii, 33, 36 egregia, 36 eupicola, 74, 91 frontalis, 197 galathina, 36 granulosa, 94, 95, 96 grossimana, 131, 167 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 24 gundlachii, 50 hancocki, 8, 197, 198, 199, 200, 425 laevigata, 96, 97, 99 leporina, 51 lobifrons, 64, 66, 69 longicornis, 9, 208 macrocheles, 100, 232 magdalenensis, 209 mitra, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 347 monilifera, 160 paguriconviva, 8, 197, 198, 199, 203, 205, 336, 348, 425 patagonica, 17, 19, 20 pisum, 131, 132 platycheles, 197, 208 poeyi, 214 pulchellula, 17, 19, 21 pulchra, 197, 205 punctata, 180, 182, 183 rugosimanus, 160 rupicola, 74, 90, 92, 93, 94 sayana, 197, 202 serratifrons, 207, 209 sigsbeiana, 197, 200 spinifrons, 185 spinosa, 17, 19, 20 striata, 94, 95, 96 transversilineata, 8, 190, 191 tuberculata, 64, 66, 69 tuberculifrons, 64, 66, 68, 69 tuberculosa, 66, 68, 69 valida, 97, 99 violacea, 1, 21, 99 (Pachycheles) crassa, 141 Porcellanella, 197, 208 Porcellaniadae, 10 Porcellanidae, 10 Porcellanidea, 10 Porcellanides, 207, 208, 212 festae, 212, 226 kriczagini, 207, 208 Porcellaniens, 10 Porcellaninea, 10 Porcellanodea, 10 Porcellanopsis, 212, 213 festae, 226 festai, 226 tuberculipes, 227 Porcellata sexspinosa, 36 Porcellina, 193 stellicola, 193 praelongus, Euceramus, 187, 188, 189, 190 Ptrolisthes armatus, 51 pubescens, Pachycheles, 76, 133, 162, 164, 166, 167, 320, 417 pulchellula, Porcellana, 17, 19, 21 pulchra, Porcellana, 197, 205 pumila, Orthochela, 13, 14, 14, 255, 346, 385 COMPLETE punctata, Porcellana, 180, 182, 183 punctatus, Allopetrolisthes, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 419 Petrolisthes, 8, 183 Pyura, 182 quadratus, Petrolisthes, 23, 87 quadriungulatus, Polyonyx, 233, 234, 236, 239, 240, 241, 345, 348, 349, 431 rathbunae, Petrolisthes, 23, 28, 72, 74, 279, 401 reissi, Petrolisthes, 180 riisei, Pachycheles, 146 robsonae, Petrolisthes, 25, 57, 58, 59, 274, 385 roseum, Megalobrachium, 225, 227 rotondus, Pachycheles, 220, 221 rotundus, Pachycheles, 217, 219, 220, 22222, rudis, Pachycheles, 133, 135, 136, 170, 172, 173, 174, 323, 417 rufescens, Petrolisthes, 54 lamarckii var., 54 rugimanus, Pachycheles, 152 rugosimanus, Porcellana, 160 rupicola, Porcellana, 74, 90, 92, 93, 94 rupicolus, Petrolisthes, 74, 88, 90, 93, 104, 105 sanfelipensis, Petrolisthes, 8, 24, 30, 31, 256, 389 sayana, Porcellana, 197, 202 schmitti, Petrolisthes, 8, 29, 93, 104, 105, 107, 109, 299, 407 serratifrons, Pisidia, 209, 211 Porcellana, 207, 209 serratus, Pachycheles, 140, 141 setimanus, Pachycheles, 8, 134, 139, 140, 141, 313, 411 Petrolisthes, 139 (Pisosoma), 8, 139 sexspinosa, Porcellata, 36 sexspinosus, Petrolisthes, 36 sigsbeiana, Porcellana, 197, 200 similis, Petrolisthes, 51, 53, 54 sinensis, Polyonyx, 238 sinistripes, Dardanus, 202, 348 sinuimanus, Megalobrachium, 8, 115, 213, 217, 220, 222, 341, 381, 427 Petrolisthes, 115, 116, 217 (Pisosoma), 8, 212, 217, 219, 220 Pisonella, 217 Pisosoma, 217 smithi, Megalobrachium, 9, 213, 215, 216, 217, 219, 340, 381, 427 Pisonella, 215 Pisosoma, 215 sonorensis, Pachycheles, 155, 156 INDEX 439 soriatum, Megalobrachium, 229 spiculata, Ophiothrix, 196, 347 spinidactylus, Pachycheles, 134, 153, 154, 318, 415 spinifrons, Allopetrolisthes, 179, 181, 185, 331, 346, 347, 419 Petrolisthes, 8, 185, 347 Porcellana, 185 spinosa, Porcellana, 17, 19, 20 spinosum, Astrocaneum, 206, 347 spinosus, Petrocheles, 22 spinuligera, Pisidia, 208, 209 stellicola, Porcellina, 193 stevensii, Pachycheles, 172 Stichaster aurantiacus, 20 striatus, 20, 187, 347 streptocheles, Pisidia, 209 Streptochirus, 207, 208, 209 striata, Porcellana, 94, 95, 96 striatus, Stichaster, 20, 187, 347 subsetosus, Pachycheles, 8, 134, 159, 375, 413 suluensis, Pisidia, 209 Thompsonia, 157 tiburonensis, Petrolisthes, 8, 23, 25, 70, 278, 399 tomentosus, Petrolisthes, 24 tonsorius, Petrolisthes, 8, 9, 28, 85, 87, 88, 288, 355, 401 tortugensis, Petrolisthes, 22 transversilineata, Porcellana, 8, 190, 191 transversilineatus, Euceramus, 8, 188, 189, 190, 192, 332, 421 Trapezia, 9 trichotus, Pachycheles, 8, 134, 157, 373, 413 tridentatus, Petrolisthes, 29, 69, 81, 83, 287, 399 tuberculata, Porcellana, 64, 66, 69 tuberculatus, Petrolisthes, 23, 26, 64, 65, 66, 277, 397 tuberculifrons, Petrolisthes, 67, 69 Porcellana, 64, 66, 68, 69 tuberculipes, Megalobrachium, 213, 227, 344, 381, 429 Pachycheles, 227 Pisonella, 227 Polyonyx, 227 Porcellanopsis, 227 tuberculosa, Porcellana, 66, 68, 69 tuberculosus, Petrolisthes, 23, 26, 65, 66, 67, 69, 397 Ulloaia, 13, 229, 230 perpusillia, 229, 230, 231, 232, 349, 423 Ulva, 182 unilobatus, Petrolisthes, 23 440 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 24 utinomii, Polyonyx, 239 velerae, Pachycheles, 8, 134, 150, 152, valida, Porcellana, 97, 99 349, 371 validus, Petrolisthes, 94, 97, 99 vicarius, Pachycheles, 8, 134, 147, 316, vanderhorsti, Clastotoechus, 177, 178 413 Petrolisthes, 8, 175 violacea, Porcellana, 1, 21, 99 variopedatus, Chaetopterus, 348 violaceus, Petrolisthes, 23, 27, 87, 99, Chetopterus, 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