K-QHJ

M58

WHICH STRAIN AT A GNAT AND SWALLOW A CAMEL."

ALL

THE ARTICLES

OF

THE DARWIN FAITH.

BY

THE REV. F. O. MORRIS, B.I.

Beet or of Nunburnholme, Yorkshire,

Author of " A History of British Birds," dedicated by permission
to her most gracious Majesty the Queen, etc., etc.

u Rldiculum acrifortim ac melius plcrumque secatres." — HORACE

LONDON :

M OFF ATT, PAIGE, AND CO
6, Paternoster Buildings, E.G.

1875.

DEDICATED

BT PE EMISSION

TO THE EIGHT HONOURABLE
THE COMMON SENSE

OF TUB

PEOPLE OF ENGLAND.

M-S&.

u,

" 0 ye fools, when will ye understand? ... He that made
the EYE ; shall lie not see ? " — Psalm xciv. 8, 9.

ALL THE ARTIC LES

OP

THE DARWIN FAITH.

I

BELIEVE that we are the people, and that wisdom
shall die with us.

I believe that my theory of natural selection is
right, and that every one who does not hold it is in the
wrong, although the difficulties " are so grave, that to this
day I can never reflect on them without being staggered."
(Darwin).

I believe that man, and all the animals, birds, fishes,
reptiles, and insects in the world have descended from one
single original, and not any of these from ancestors of
their own kinds; that the gnat and the elephant, the cat
and the mouse, the bat and the butterfly, the whale and the
ant, the toad and the swallow, the hare and the tortoise,

M371960

4 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

the crocodile and the lamb, the humming-bird and the
snake, the mole and the monkey, and then the man, are all
one species — and only one.

I believe this, although I see that whilst animals of the
several species described by naturalists breed solely together,
and that their offspring are prolific, in like manner,
generation after generation, any others which may
exceptionally breed together have no progeny, except in
very rare cases, and that any they may have leave no
descendants, except still more rarely for perhaps one further
generation or so.

I believe that all the various creatures on the earth have
sprung from a single parent, although I hold that each
new species has " supplanted and exterminated its original
parent and all the transitional varieties between its past
and present status." (Darwin).

I believe that the drooping of the ears in domestic
animals is due to the disuse of the muscles of the ear, from the
animals not being much alarmed by danger, although I see
the horse with erect ears, and the hare and the rabbit with
etrikingly drooping qars.

I believe that the temporary variation of several races of

All tJie Articles of i\e Darwin FaitJt. 5

any one species of plant is a proof that permanent so-called
species are thus produced, although I see that the varieties
if left for many generations in a poor soil would to a large
extent by degrees, and in the end wholly, revert to the
form of the wild aboriginal stock.

I believe that I am using an able and sensible argument
in saying that the misletoe may metaphorically be said to
struggle with other fruit-bearing plants in order to tempt
birds to devour and thus disseminate its seeds rather than
those of other plants.

I believe that the eye of every living creature was
produced by natural selection, although in some species
it consists of 4,000 lenses, in others 12,000, 17,000, or
25,000, and in others of various other vast numbers.

I believe that my theory is right, although I allow that
according to it "• all nature " ought to be " in confusion "
instead of the species being, as we see them, "well
defined." (Darwin).

I believe — "there seems to me no great difficulty in believ-
ing " — (Darwin) — that the swim-bladder in fishes " though
originally constructed for one purpose," has been " actually
converted " " into a lung or organ used exclusively for
respiration."

6 All tlie Articles of the Darwin Faith.

I believe that the " electric organs of fishes " have been
produced by " natural selection," although it is " impossible
to coi-.ceive by what steps those wondrous organs have been
produced." I believe this, although these organs only
occur in species " widely remote in their affinities," while
we " might have expected " (on Darwinian grounds), that
they would all '• have been specifically related to each other.
I believe the same in the like case of luminous insects.

I believe that the most simple parts ol species are due
io natural selection, although I see that their " importance
does not seem sufficient to cause the preservation of
successively varying individuals.''

I believe that the tail of the giraffe has grown by degrees
into a "fly-flapper" (!), although I cannot explain how
the species did without it in previous countless ages before
it grew to its present length.

I believe that every "well-developed tail" in a water
animal has been worked in as a "fly-flapper" for land
animals, or as a "prehensile instrument," or to "help
them in turning ; " although I see that in the dog it is of
next to no such use at all, and that the hare " can double
quickly enough, though with hardly any tail."

All tJie Articles of the Darwin Faith. 7

I believe that long tails are necessary to animals in hot
countries to give them the " power of resisting the attacks
of insects," although I see that sheep have heavy tails
which they cannot and do not make use of for any such
purpose, and are especially attacked by flies on their heads,
which, if their tails were ever so light, they could not
possibly reach.

I believe that — as I hold that the swim-bladder in
creatures of the sea is modified into lungs in their descen-
dants changed into land animals — the tail, having been so
useful to the former as a means of locomotion, still proves
its origin in the latter, though of so little use to them.

I believe that the green colour of the green woodpecker
is due to selection by the male or female bird, because I
see that there are black and pied woodpeckers also.

I believe that it is not the case that many structures have
been created for beauty in the eyes of man, or for mere
variety, although I "fully admit that many structures are
of no direct use to their possessors."

I believe that there is "no logical impossibility in the
acquirement of any conceivable degree of perfection
through natural selection," although I must admit that

8 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

the case of the eye is " more than enough to stagger any

man.

I believe that the American ostrich "is not yet perfect,"
although I can give no proof whatever that it is in the
process of becoming so.

I believe that the "most wonderful of all known
instincts," that of the hive bee, can be explained by me,
as a Darwinite, and the illogical way in which I have
accounted for it in my work on " The Origin of
Species" I believe to be a master-piece of reasoning,
though nine out of ten of its facts prove nothing whatever
by way of conclusion for it.

I believe the safne in the case of the working of sterile
ants, though " how the workers have been made sterile is
a difficulty; " that is to say, in itself, but none whatever to
my more ''fertile" brain, which thinks nothing of any
difficulty that stands in its way.

I believe that the difficulty, though '' appearing insuper-
able," -'disappears" by my imagining that selection may be
exercised by a whole " family " as well as by an
"individual." I choose to forget that families are made up
of individuals.

All the Articles of tie, Darwin FaitJi. 9

I believe that on my theory no account need be taken of
the " prodigious amount of difference between the fertile
and sterile individuals of many insects."

1 believe that my theory is perfectly correct, although
there is a ' climax of the difficulty ' beyond all these that I
have yet stated, some of the neuters differing even from each
other to an (i almost incredible degree; " some "with jaws
and instincts extraordinarily different ;" others with forms
" the use of which is quite unknown."

I believe that I am right, and all the world else wrong,
although it will be thought that I have an " overweening
confidence in my own wisdom," which makes me "not
admit that such wonderful and well-established facts at once
annihilate my theory."

I believe that I must be right, although I can't " pretend
that the facts given in this chapter (VII.) strengthen in
any degree my theory," and all that I can say is that they
do not " annihilate it;" ergo I must be right.

I believe that the sterility of hybrids is no disproof of
my theory of natural selection, which is that it acts for the
good of the creatures which exercise it, although it could
not possibly be of any advantage to the several animals,

10 All the Articles of tJi« Darwin Faith.

and although T think that the importance of the fact has
been " much underrated by some writers."

I believe that my theory of hybridism is right, although
it does not "go to the root of the matter" and "no
explanation is offered " of the main fact. " Ibrida quo
pacto sit" is quite beyond me.

I believe that " no part of the structure of any one
species has been formed for the exclusive good of another
species," though " natural selection " can and does often
produce structures for the direct injury of other species ;
and though I see that the aphis voluntarily uses its
structure for the sole good of the ants, and I can only
" probably " imagine that it is of any convenience to the
aphides themselves.

I believe that tumbler-pigeons have been produced by
the long continued selection of such in many generations,
though I can't at all tell how they first came to have the
habit, or why it should have been fortunately noticed by
some fancier, or how he came to think that it might be
propagated and preserved, and succeeded in doing so.

I believe that I strengthen my argument by saying
that dogs only rarely require, when young, to be taught

All tJie Articles of the Darwin Faith. 11

not to attack sheep, etc., though I see that it is the
commonest thing possible that some dogs can never be
broken of the habit, and that there is not a dog in
existence but might be encouraged to it.

I believe generally that " natural instincts are lost under
domestication," although I have the preceding fact and
numberless others staring me in the face to show me the
exact contrary, and that they are at the most but dormant,
and ready to be restored to their former fulness.

I believe that young chickens have lost by habit the fear
of dogs and cats, although I have no possible proof what-
ever, and cannot possibly have any proof, that they ever
had such.

I believe that the cuckoo " once upon a time " did not
lay her eggs in other birds' nests, but has acquired the
habit by degrees, some " old bird " or other profiting by
the mistake, or the young being made stronger by it, viz.,
by being tended by a foster parent instead of by their
natural one, and so becoming " apt to follow " that
unnatural practice; and this though I see that various
birds " occasionally " lay their eggs in other birds nests',
and yet have acquired no such habit.

12 All the Articles of tJte Darwin Faith.

Although in spite of an " enormous accumulation of
probabilities, we yet stand without the direct production of
a new species from one common stock," nevertheless,
against the evidence of my senses, I believe that such has
been the case with all the so-called species in the world.

Although the remains of the horse existed in geological
fitrata of "enormous antiquity" long before any indications of
the existence of man have yet been found,— and although
those remains show that the horse and the ass at that remote
period exactly resembled in nearly every respect the horse
and the ass which now run wild in many parts of Asia and
Africa, — and although, " going still farther back to the
Upper Miocene period, the horse is still found with its
present peculiarities, and the two differ from each other
only in minute details," — yet as the remains of the
hipparion or " little horse," are found in the same deposit
as the horse, namely, the Upper Miocene, so that it could
not have been its ancestor, though like it in several respects,
and as the remains of the anchotherium are only found in
the Lower Miocene, so that there is a wider gap between
it and the hipparion than between the latter and the horse,
still, for all that, inasmuch as in the anchotherium the leg
bones are still more separated, as it has three bones on the

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 13

fore limb, which <4 theory requires that it should have," " it
being impossible to obtain evidence more complete in kind
than this of the origin of the horse," ergo I believe thafc
the horse is descended from the anchotherium. — Q. E. D.
(Huxley.)

Horses have sometimes been born with extra toes, ergo I
believe that " the horse must at one time have had the leer

o

and foot bones complete, although they were blotted
out before the horse was turned into a perfect running
machine " ! (Huxley).

The Darwin Doctrine therefore being THUS (!) " made
out in this one case of the horse," I believe that it is strong
evidence that " similar modifications have taken place in all
cases." (Huxley.)

I believe that the common saying that one "cannot draw
blood out of a stone" is the reverse of the truth, and that
not only bones, sinews, and life can be produced from them,
but also, mind, reason, and the voice of conscience, — which
though would-be philosophers and atheists brave out in
daylight, they are so " horribly afraid " of in the dark.

I believe that I alone am right, although I see that
though alight crosses benefit the offspring, greater crosses,

14 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

i.e., those of widely separated species, produce sterile
hybrids, an.d I " cannot persuade myself that this parallel-
ism (!!!) is an accident or an illusion."

I believe I am right, although I see that the widely
different forms of the pigeon among birds, and the cabbage
and other varieties among plants, are productive together,
while other species- " though resembling each other most
closely are utterly sterile when crossed," and I admit that
the former is " almost invariably the case."

I believe that the "imperfection of the geological re-
cord," showing no regular chain of species, and so giving
no proof of my theory, and therefore the most obvious
and gravest objection which can be urged against
it, may nevertheless be assumed by me as conclusively
proving it.

I believe that it is a sufficient answer to the question
what has become of the innumerable forms which must
have existed before the Silurian deposit, that " long before
that " the world " may have," then, " presented a totally
different aspect; " that the older continents, "may" now
"all be in a metamorphosed condition," or "may" " lie
buried under the ocean ; " that there has •' probably" been

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 15

more extinction of species during the periods of subsidence,
and that the duration of each formation was ".perhaps "
short compared with the average duration of specific forms.

In fine, I believe that although the Mosaic account of
the Creation is borne out by the " Testimony of the Rocks "
in a most wonderful manner, yet as it does not suit the
theory I have taken into my head, it cannot possibly be
true, and I do not believe a word of it.

I believe that if ever there was such a person as Moses,
the five books called the five books of Moses were none of
his at all, but a mere compilation of some impostor or
victim of delusion.

I believe that no one who believes in the Bible has any
sense or wisdom compared with me.

I believe that such persons in former times as Sir Isaac
Newton, Herschell, Lord Bacon, Dr. Johnson, Milton,
Locke, Sir Matthew Hale, etc., etc., etc., who were
Believers in the Bible, were far behind me in intellect and
knowledge.

I believe, in like manner, that others in the present time
who are Believers also, as they were, such as Sir Roundell
Palmer (Lord Selborne),Lord Hatherley,Lord Shaftesbory,

16 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

Faraday, Sir David Brewster, etc., etc., etc., and others
who like them have taken the highest honours in the
Universities, and distinguished themselves in the highest
departments of art, science, and politics, are quite beneath
me in mind and attainments, for if I am right, as I must
be, and therefore am, they of course must be wrong.

I believe that mine is a much more valuable opinion,
and much more to be received than that of Humboldt,
who said of Strauss " what displeases me in him is the
scientific levity which causes him to see no difficulty in the
organic springing from the inorganic, nay, man himself,
from the Challaean mud."

I believe that the following supposititious guesses are
"worthy of all men to be received," and should be
accepted by all the world as scientific facts and truths, in-
asmuch as " I have spoken ; " namely, —

I believe, " By considering the embryological structure
of man — the homologies which he presents with the lower
animals — the rudiments which he retains — and the rever-
sions to which he is liable, — we can partly recall, in im-
agination, the former condition of our early progenitors,
and can approximately place them in their proper position

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 17

in the zoological series. We thus ( ! ) learn that man ia
descended from a hairy quadruped, furnished with a tail
and pointed ears, probably arboreal in its habits, and an
inhabitant of the Old World. This creature, if its whole
structure had been examined by a naturalist, would have
been classed amongst the quadrumana, as surely as would
the common and still more ancient progenitor of the Old
and Xew World monkeys. The quadrumana and all the
higher mammals are probably derived from an ancient
marsupial animal : and this, through a long line of diver-
sified forms, either from some reptile-like or some amphi-
bian-like creature, and this again from fish-like animal.
In the dim obscurity of the past we can see (?) that the
early progenitor of all the vertebrata must have been ? an
aquatic animal, provided with branchiae, with the two sexes
united in the same individual, and with the most impor-
tant organs of the body (such as the brain and heart) im-
perfectly developed. This animal seems to have been more
like the larva of our existing marine Ascidians that any
other known form."

I believe that an argument based on that which seems,
is quite as valuable as one based on that which is ; a chain

18 All tJie Articles of the Darwin Faith.

with gaps in the links, is quite as firmly held together as
one without ; and to lack no evidence but that of facts is
amply sufficient for me, of which the following will serve
for examples.

I believe — " I cannot doubt, that the theory of descent
with modification embraces all the members of the same
class." " I can indeed hardly doubt that all vertebrate
animals having time lungs are descended by ordinary
generation from an ancient prototype, of which we know
nothing, furnished with a floating apparatus or swim-
bladder."

I believe — " It is conceivable that the now utterly lost
branchial might have been gradually worked in by natural
selection for some quite distinct purpose, in the same
manner as . . . it is probable that organs which at a
very ancient period served for respiration, have been
actually converted into organs of flight."

I believe that the opinion of Dr. Carpenter on the non-
progressive character of the Foraminifera is as valuable as
that of "any other man in England" (except myself):
and therefore whereas Dr. Carpenter distinctly asserts
there has been " no advance in the Foraminiferous type

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 19

from the Palaeozoic period to the present time," and states
his conviction that " the present state of scientific evidence,
instead of sanctioning the idea that the descendants of the
primitive type or types of Foraminifera can ever rise to
any higher grade, justifies the anti- Darwinian inference,
that however widely they diverge from each other and from
their originals, they still remain Foraminifera" I believe
that as I think differently from him, he must be wrong,
and I must be right. Q. E. D.

I believe that an assertion " not proven " is as good as
or better than one that is proved.

I believe that I must admit Dr. Carpenter's assertion as
an " absolute matter of fact ; " but for all that, as it does
not suit my theory, I must hold that " as we do not know
under what forms, or how, life originated in this world, it
would be rash to assert that even such lowly endowed
animals as the Foraminifera, with their beautiful shells, as
figured by Dr. Carpenter, have not in any degree advanced
in organization ! "

I believe, therefore, that we can thus " partly recall "
the former condition of our early progenitors ; though even
that "partly" is "in imagination!" Thus too, we can
" approximately place them in their proper position " (" in

20 ^177 the Article* of the Darwin Faith.

imagination"). "We thus learn," also "in imagination,'
about the " tail and pointed ears," " probably derived "
from something — or from something else (" some reptile-like,
or some amphibian-like creature") or "this again from
some fish-like animal." Thus "in the dim obscurity of the
past, we can see " ( ? ) what this animal " must have been ; "
or rather what I must after all own it to have been.

I believe this is a highly satisfactory and conclusive result
of the " eleven years," labour I have expended on my last
publication.

I believe that all the wisest men of the world for the six
thousand years since it is commonly supposed to have been
created, or six hundred thousand million years, or any
number more, as I believe, have been altogether wrong,
and that it has been reserved for me in this so-called nine-
teenth century to set them all right and lay down the law
for ever.

I believe that it may help my argument, if I can find
people simple enough to believe that humble bees are
common in gardens, and scarce elsewhere in comparison, in
consequence of being preyed on by field-mice which are
kept down by cats about houses ; the fact being, as any
national-school boy can see, that those bees abound near

All the Articles 0} the Darwin Faith. 21

woods, or in any other wild places where thistles and other
wild flowers which bees are fond of are found, a hundred-
fold more than they do in gardens, and that if they are found
more or less numerously in gardens, it is only because of
there being more flowers there, for which they will fly for
miles, there being no more nests there than anywhere
else, and in ninety- nine cases out of one hundred nothing
like so many.

I believe that all creation is derived from some one form,
a mere monad, although I admit that " no one can at
present say by what line of descent the three higher and
related classes, namely, mammals, birds, reptiles, were
derived from either of the two lower vertebrate classes
* namely, amphibians and fishes."

I believe that it requires several generations of cultiva-
ted talent to make the mind equal to high intellectual at-
tainments, but I find it convenient to forget that it is just
as easy a supposition that the debasement of the intellect
at any given time, even assuming it as thus to be slowly
recovered from, may have been acquired gradually by
neglect from a previous height equal to that to be finally
attained to.

I believe that there is no such art as logic, at least, if

22 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

there is, it is quite beneath me to be guided by it, and that
one premiss, or at all events a number of single premisses
strung together so as to give a great appearance of argu-
ment to those who know no better, is amply sufficient to
prove any conclusion.

I believe that the Christian is the happiest of men,
because he evidently has a hope for another world in
addition to the peaceful happiness he enjoys here.

I believe that an Infidel or Unbeliever is " of all men
most miserable"; nevertheless I have done all I could to
make others as wretched as I am myself, and have given,
and can give them, nothing in return but a dreary blank.
If you ask me about the future, there, I confess, I am in
the dark ; all I can say is that I believe that you and I
will " melt into the infinite azure of the past," (Tyndall) ,
(whatever that may mean). I repeat that I believe
that Christian Believers have a peace of mind which I
own I have not myself. They have " a good hope " for
the future, which I must admit I have not myself, " having
no hope, and without GOD in the world." I do my
little best, or worst, to shake their faith and rob them of
their peace of mind, but I have nothing better, because I
Lave nothing at all to give them in the place of it.

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 23

cannot offer them any happiness in the next world or in
any future state, because I do not believe that fluere will
be any future state, so that if you ask me what is the
cui bono of all I have written I cannot tell you. I offer
you no happiness here or hereafter, and all I can do is to
rob those of you who are fond and foolish enough to take
up with the idle conceits of my " vain philosophy," of
their present hope, and therewith of their expectation of
future happiness, which but for me they might have,

I, (Huxley) believe that there is a good deal to be said
for the hypothesis, that animals are mere machines, as
much so as if they were mills or steam engines, and that
they have no feeling ; that theytio not hear, see, or smeli,
and that their " apparent states of consciousness," as they
seem to us, are only the results of a " mechanical reflex
process/' (" Itisum tcneatis amid?" This is philosophy!
This is science!). It is true I believe that I am only an
animal, come from one of them myself, and therefore you
may argue that I have no feelings, and may ask me
to allow myself to be experimented on accordingly for the
good of science, but I must beg of you to excuse me. It
might interfere rather unpleasantly with my theory, and
with the calmness, — or to speak more truly, the cool

24: Ail the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

assurance — which a " Philosopher " ought to exhibit to
the public when he lays down the law to them.

I believe it would be highly imprudent in me to accept
the challenge which was thrown down to me at the
meeting of the British Association in 187-i, to meet the
challenger face to face before the public and discuss the
truth or otherwise of my assertions. On the contrary,
though I have the advantage of a good memory, a
fluent tongue, and any amount you please of assu-
rance, if you will oblige me by using so mild a term, I
altogether shrink from the touchstone of common sense.
Theory and assertion are all I have to do with, to which I
always make it a rule (a very convenient one) to bend any
given number of facts.

I bt-lievf that though Professor Salmon has shown that

Darwinism is a mere scientific imagination, not a

'itic fact, nevertheless the human species is descended

iVdii the sfiiii-liuTimn. and this again from so low an origin

•pillar of some sea animal.

I therefore believe, for all the above satisfactory reasons,
that the origin of man is to be derived as follows : —

1. Marine animals, resembling the larvce of existing
Ascidiaris.

AH the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 25

2. Fishes as lowly organized as the lancelet.

3. Fishes like the Lepidosirens.

4. Amphibians.

0. Reptiles.

6. Monotremata.

7. Marsupials.

8. Placental Mammals.

9. Lemnridse.

10. Simiadae.

11. Old World Monkeys.

12. Man.

•'•' 0 most laine and impotent conclusion ! "

1, (Tyndall) believe that I can " prolong my intellectual
vision backwards, into regions where the unscientific
cannot follow, (no one but myself and those who think
with me are scientific — in my opinion), and can discern in
matter the promise and potency of every form and quality
of life." All who are opposed to me I, (Huxley), pronounce
&x cathedra, to be " pigmies in intellect." This is a very easy
way of setting down opponents, and especially becoming1, I
think, in a " scientific man," who calls himself a
" professor " of science, when before the annual meeting
of a scientific society. (At Belfast, 1874.)

26 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

As to "prolonging my vision "forward, there I am in
the dark, even on my own confession. I am compelled to
acknowledge that a time may be coming when even a
"professor" of irreligion and science "falsely so called"
may have to say to religion, " give us of your oil, for our
lamps are gone out" into " outer darkness."

I, (Tyndall) also believe that life is a " continuous
adjustment of internal relations to external relations," by
which process some original tissue " vaguely sensitive all
over " has come by degrees to be " differentiated " into
man !! "(0 Sapientia ! )" I do not believe with Darwin in a
" Primordial form," the origin of all living beings ; I
cannot tell whence he proposes to derive it, but neither can
I tell you whence my original — (very original !) — " tissue "
came. (Doctors differ you see.)

All this is science 1 knowledge ! ! philosophy ! ! ! very
clear, as well as very useful, and very profitable, is it not ?
as clear as the " Chaldeean mud."

It is really difficult to say whether Huxley or Tyndall
talks and writes the most senseless maundering.
These are some of their choicest sayings. — " These be thy
gods, O Israel," and "miserable comforters are they all."

I will supplement the above, per contra, with the

All the Articles of tlie Darwin Faith. 27

opinions of The Times, which are not so nattering to the
scientific attainments or reasoning- powers of the Darwin-
ites as their own estimate of themselves.

" For this reason we must needs express our disappoint-
ment with the more important part of Mr. Darwin's book.
His discussion of the faculties of man in comparison with
those of animals appears to us utterly inadequate to the
subject, independently of its being insufficient to sustain
his theory. As it seems to us, he has not merely failed,
but he has not duly grappled with the essential difficulties
of the question. He has thought it possible to leap by the
aid of a few illustrations over the momentous and arduous
questions respecting the mental powers of men and
animals, and the moral nature of man is dissected with a
most rapid and unpenetrating hand. Wo can only express
our conviction on this point by saying that on these
subjects Mr. Darwin appears quite out of his element."

" For a natural philosopher to appeal to such superficial
resemblances is much tl:o same as for an astronomer to
appeal to the apprehension of the vulgar with respect to
the motions of the heavenly bodies."

" But the truth is that Mr. Darwin's argument is at
every point supplemented by enormous assumption.

28 All tlie Articles of tlie Darwin Faith.

The utmost he proves, not merely in his present but in his
former book, is not what has been, but what may have
been, and he converts the ' may ' into a ' must ' by the sole
force of the ever-present assumption that all forms of
nature have been developed out of other forms. To our
minds, the book bears in its very mode of expression, of
which we have given some illustrations above, a character
which is wholly unscientific. Science tells us what has
been, what is, and what will be. But Mr. Darwin's argu-
argument is a continuous conjugation of the potential
mood. It rings the changes on ' can have been,' ' might
have been,' ' would have been,' until it leaps with a bound
into ' must have been,' "

" When Mr. Darwin is confronted with the extremely
remote and uncertain nature of the agencies on which he
relies, he continually falls back on what ' might have been '
in the lapse of unlimited periods of time. Such a style of
argument is, to say the least, destitute of any scientific
value. It is impossible to say what might or might not
have been during periods so vast that we have no
experience of them. For all we know, the vitality of
species might wear itself out in the lapse of ages, or by
some law of cyclic change, they might assume new forms.

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 29

To call in aid such an indefinite agency is a mere veil for
ignorance. It may even be doubted whether to assert
that a process takes effect in an infinite time, be not simply
a round a roundabout way of," etc. etc.

" If in short, in its general application, Mr. Darwin's
hypothesis is utterly unsupported by observed facts, it is
still more destitute of such support in its application to
man."

" This is precisely the solution which Mr. Darwin is
unable to apply to his instances of approximation between
species. If he could say in a single instance, ' solvitur
ambulando.' ' here is a case of one true species having
passed into another,' we should have a practical proof that
the kind of approximation he brings to light is of such a
kind as to end in coincidence. But this, as we have seen,
is what he has not done. It is, in fact, not a little curious
that the finite time which Newton demands is the very
condition most energetically repudiated by Mr. Darwin
and his followers. They place no limit whatever to the
amount of time which their process requires. The know-
ledge of so prolonged a proof, would have been of no
practical avail even to Methuselah.

" We are reminded, in fact, by such speculations, of the
famous story which Corporal Trim endeavoured so effectu-

30 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

ally to recite to Uncle Toby. ' " There was a certain king
of Bohemia," said Trim ; " but in whose reign except his
own, I am not able to inform your honour.' " Uncle Toby
was more accommodating than we are able to be from a
scientific point of view. But we recommend the gracious
permission he accorded to the corporal as a most appropri-
ate motto for speculations of this kind. ' " Leave out the
date entirely, Trim," said my Uncle Toby.' In almost
similar language * There was a certain Monkey/ says Mr.
Darwin ; of that he is quite sure, and he frequently reiter-
ates the assurance ; ' There was a certain monkey ; but in
what period or country, except his own, I am not able to
inform my readers.' The certainty, unfortunately, is hy-
pothetical, and the particular monkey unknown."

" We are at a loss to understand the value of all this
complicated guess-work. It represents a kind of Ptole-
maic theory of creation heaping supposition on supposition
and multiplying cycles of action as each supposition
requires to be supplemented. It is the most conspicuous
example yet afforded of that ' use of the imagination in
science,* on which professor Tyndall dilated with such un-
scientific enthusiasm last autumn. Mr. Darwin's imagi-
nation is inexhaustible, and his power in this respect con-

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 31

tributes greatly to the charm of his strictly philosophical
writings, but he does not hesitate, in accordance with
Professor TyndalTs advice, to let it take the place of science
when the means and methods of science fail."

" In section D (Anthropological Department) the
meeting was held in the great lecture theatre of the
museum, so as to accommodate the large number of
persons who desired to attend. The question of human
relationship to the ape was again talked about (for it
cannot be said to have been discussed) by many speakers
who vied with one another in loudness of declamation and
shallowness of argument."

" This assumption is the very point to be proved. To
argue from it is to assume the whole doctrine of evolution.
The assertion in question is scientific or not, according as
it is true or not. The only scientific question is whether,
as a matter of fact, species have been developed by force of
circumstances out of other species, and man out of an ape.
It is certainly no scientific argument to assume that they
must have been."

" Starting from the unsubstantial presumption just in-
dicated, Mr. Darwin proceeds to speculate on the manner
of man's developement, without being able to adduce the

32 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

slightest evidence that facts correspond with his hypothe-
sis. The history, however ingenious, is purely imaginary
from beginning to end."

" Further consideration has led him to perceive an im-
peritrtion in his hypothesis of natural selection. « He had
not,' he says, ' sufficiently considered the existence of many
structures in animals which appear to be, as far as we can
judge, neither beneficial nor injurious ; ' and this he
believes to be one of the greatest oversights yet detected
in his work. In other words, the action of Natural
Selection will not of itself sustain the theory of the con-
tinuous evolution of all organized beings from inferior
forms."

" That, at all events, is the practical result for all the
purposes of life. If, as seems to be admitted even by the
most advanced Evolutionists, species be so permanently
fixed that millions of years would be necessary to trans-
form them, it follows that for all human purposes they
must be treated as permanently independent."

" It is impossible to maintain unbroken gravity in dis-
cussing such a dream. But let us turn to Mr. Darwin's
investigation of the physical basis of hia conclusion,

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 33

which appears to us scarcely less unsatisfactory than his
inquiry into its mental and moral bearings. He simply
accumulates a variety of points of similarity between the
human frame and that of animals."

" There is much reason to fear that loose philosophy
stimulated by an irrational religion, has done not a little
to weaken the force of these religious principles in France,
and that this is at all events one potent element in the
disorganization of French society. A man incurs a grave
responsibility, who, with the authority of a well earned
reputation, advances at such a time the disintegrating
speculations of this book. He ought to be capable of
supporting them by the most conclusive evidence of facts.
To put them forward on such incomplete evidence, such
cursory investigation, such hypothetical arguments as we
have exposed, is more than unscientific— it is reckless."

" We wish we could think that these speculations were
as innocuous as they are unpractical and unscientific, but
it is too probable that if unchecked they might exert a very
mischievous influence. We abstain from noticing their
bearings on religious thought, although it is hard to see
how, on Mr. Darwin's hypothesis, it is possible to ascribe
to man any other immortality or any other spiritual

31 All the Articles of tie Darwin FaitJt.

existence, than that possessed by the brutes. Bnt, apart
from these considerations, if such views as he advances on
the nature of the moral senses were generally accepted, it
seems evident that morality wonld lose all elements of
stable authority, and the ' ever fixed marks ' around which
the tempests of human passion now break themselves,
would cease to exert their guiding and controlling in-
fluence."

" It should be the work of science to reveal this
difference, not to construct theories on its mere apparent
magnitude. But Mr. Darwin urges that this homological
construction of the whole frame in the members of the
same class is intelligible if we admit their descent from a
common progenitor, together with their subsequent
adaption to diversified conditions. ' On any other view,'
he says, ' the similarity of pattern between the hand of a
man or monkey, the foot of a horse, the flipper of a seal,
the wing of a bat, etc., is utterly inexplicable.' We fail to
see the inexplicability. What is there unreasonable in the
supposition that they have all been formed on the same
general plan ? Mr. Darwin's only objection is that ' this
is no scientific explanation/ but this is simply to beg the
question."

All the Articles of the Darwin Faitli. 35

" We fear the truth is that the study of menial philo-
sophy, under the disastrous influence of one or two
popular writers, has of late years become extremely loose
and superficial, and Mr. Darwin does but illustrate the
general vagueness of thought which prevails on such
subjects."

Here are a few more instances of the way in which these
would-be Philosophers have been set down by the London
Press. The next is from the " John Bull"

" There is still, it seems, some uncertainty at one stage
of the evolution : —

No one can at present say by what line of descent the three higher and
related classes — namely mammals, birds, and reptiles — were derived from
either of the two lower vertebrate classes, namely, amphibians and
fishes,— (Vol. I., p. 213.)

The remaining steps, however, ' are not difficult to
'conceive.' Possibly not, if you start as Mr. Darwin
does, by assuming his principle of evolution as the sole
origin of species, and rejecting separate creation as ' un-
scientific.' In other words, you must first grant that man
is descended from a monkey, and then it is ' not difficult to
conceive' the intermediate steps ; but if you decline to
admit this petitio principii, you are wilfully closing your

36 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

eyes to what Mr. Darwin assures yon 's the fact. Such is
the entire circle of this gentleman's logic. The book is
full of interesting observations on natural history,
exhibiting more or less relevancy to the argument it seeks
to sustain ; but the induction never advances a step
without a confession of logical defectiveness. We are
treated to tendencies, and probabilities, and conjectures,
which derive all their force from a previous assumption of
the point to be proved. Take away this, and there is
hardly a proposition in the whole work which could
pretend to the character of a logical conclusion.

The gobemouches who swallow for science all that comes
from scientific men were confounded to hear of this secret
laboratory of imagination. The Times protested against
the notion that experimental philosophers ever draw bills.
But Tyndall and Darwin know better.

Mr. Darwin's present book is a conspicuous example of
this utterly unscientific process. It begins by assuming
evolution in the exact sense which Dr. Salmon justly
called a scientific imagination, not a scientific fact. From
a plausible conjecture that some species may be modified
descendents of other species — the very most that Darwin-

All tTie Articles of the Darwin Faith. 37

ism can logically pretend to — its author quietly infers a
universal law, and so sets himself to inquire in the present
boo1! ' whether man, like every other species, is descended
from some pre-existing form " ! Having by this good
beginning accomplished more than half his work, he
proceeds in like manner to ' take for granted ' the high
antiquity assigned to man by M. Boucher de Perthes, Sir
Charles Lyell, Sir John Lubbock, and others, together
with Professor Huxley's ' conclusive ' proof that ' man
' differs less from the higher apes than these do from the
' lower members of the same order of primates.' Now
here are at least four unproved hypotheses to be accepted
in the dark before the new argument can see daylight.
Of the first Mr. Darwin himself confesses that ' of the
" older and honoured chiefs in natural science, many un-
" fortunately are still opposed to evolution in every form."
His greatest authority only denies the independent
creation of every species, though Mr. Darwin, in quoting
his words, enlarges them into an assertion that ' species '
— instead of " some species " — are the modified descen-
dants of other species. From this universal proposition,
the induction is at present ludicrously scanty, while the
acts and reasons on the contrary side are overpowering

38 All tJie Articles of the Darwin FditJi.

The battle, in short, has yet to be fought before Darwinism
can make good this first step in its hypothetical sorites.
The antiquity of man is another battle ground where it is
hardly set up its banners. Assuredly it can boast no
.victory. On the existence of man before the Tertiary
period all is yet the merest conjecture, and that of so
slender a structure that it may at any moment vanish
away. Sir John Lubbock's theory of a savage origin is a
third hypothesis more in want of proof for itself, than able
to afford proof of another. Not a single fact is established
which is not quite as easily reconciled with the opposite
theory. Against it is the unbroken testimony of history
that while in many nations civilization has decayed and
died out, in none has it sprung up and flourished without
extraneous assistance. If man were originally savage,
and acquired civilization by his own exertions, we ought
occasionally to find him on the rise. There are savages
enough within the sphere of history, and even of present
observation, to give full scope for the experiment. How is
it that we never see them improving themselves, till some
one comes to improve them ? Why did New Zealand
remain in canibalism till visited by missionaries within our
own recollection, and then spring almost at a bound to a

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 39

level beyond many parts of Europe? That the New
Zealander was capable of civilization is proved by the
result ; if it be a natural acquisition, why did he never
acquire it before we found him out ? On the other hand,
if he received the gift from the Briton, as the Briton from
the Roman, the Roman from the Greek, and the Greek
from the Egyptian, we are conducted back to an original
civilization from which the separated fragments fell, and to
which they return again when the long lost connection is
restored, as water remounts to its level when the inter-
vening mass is pierced without. Against this invariable
testimony of history the most that is offered is that all
existing nations were originally barbarous ; but to infer
from this that all ancient races were barbarous also, is again
to beg the question. Our contention is that they were not,
and we have some evidence in our favour in the remains of
ancient Egypt and Assyria; to assume without evidence
that these were in turn preceded by an anknown period of
barbarism, requires us to admit the very point to be
proved. If civilization (we repeat) did spring sponta-
neously out of barbarism at the first, why has it never
done so since ? To this question there is no reply. But if
the original savagery is still an improbable conjecture,

40 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

instead of an established fact, the whole basis of Darwin-
ism is gone.

Mr. Huxley's doctrine is in the same category of assum-
tion without proof and against evidence. He is not more
logical than his fellows, because he is more peremptory and
scornful. Granting that in physical structure man approxi-
mates nearer to the ape than the ape to the lowest monkey,
this is no argument for either being descended from the
other, till we have admitted the two previous unproved
hypotheses, universal evolution, and the savage origin of
man. Again, physical structure is only one element in
specific classification, and in the case of man the least
important. His moral and intellectual nature is emphati-
cally his specific difference from other mammals ; and here
it is easy to retort "M r. Huxley's argument. The highest
ape is morally and intellectually more removed from the
lowest savage than the latter from the most eminent
philosopher. The savage may become a philosopher, but
the ape never becomes even a savage. Neither can we
detect the slightest tendency to such moral or intellectual
evolution. Mr. Darwin does, indeed, collect some inter-
esting anecdotes of quasi-human reason and affections in
the lower animals, but it requires an enormous exercise of

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 41

1 imagination ' to elevate them into anything- approaching
to the nature of man. Of this he seems to be aware when
he asks with a ludicrous sentimentality, ' Who can say what
cows feel when they surround and stare intently on a dying
or dead companion ? ' Yes, who indeed ? There is nothing
novel or scientific in this sort of stuff ; we have heard of
dreaming dogs, and reasoning elephants, and arithmetical
pigs, and beavers' houses, and the wonderful instincts of
bees all our lives, and the common sense of mankind, gentle
and simple, has long ago, repudiated their real community
with the moral and intellectual nature of man. Does Mr.
Darwin hope to overcome the verdict by telling us that : —

If m«n were reared under precisely the same conditions as hive -tees,
there can hardly be a doubt that our unmarried females would, like the
worker-bees, think it a sacred duty to kill their brothers, and mothers
would strive to kill their fertile daughters, aud no one would think of
interfering ?

What would be said if any advocate of Revelation
resorted to such puerile trifling ? In the case supposed,
the creatures would not be men, but bees, and act like
other bees. But that bees ever think anything a ' sacred
' duty ' is one of the thousand forms of begging tlie question
artfully scattered up and down the book. Curiously
enough, the best examples are found, not among the apes,

42 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

from whom we ought to inherit, but among creatures so
remote in physical structure as the dog, the elephant, and
the bee.

Amid all this irrelevant gossip, Mr. Darwin notices, with
the feeblest attempt at refutation, the crucial arguments
that man alone is capable of progressive improvement, and
that man alone fashions implements for a special purpose.
To the first he can only answer that in the hunting
countries foxes are more wary than in districts where they
are not disturbed ; and, to the second, that the chimpanzee
cracks nuts with a stone, and other apes build temporary
platforms (as birds build nests), which 'might readily
1 grow into a voluntary and conscious act." Might ! But
does it ? A.nd could it, unless we admit intellectual
evolution, and so once more beg the question ? It is
astonishing how persistently this artifice is resorted to
throughout. It pervades every part of the book, till, by
dint of repetition and incessant assumption, often veiled
in the most subtle implications, the reader is led to think a
point demonstrated for which not a shadow of evidence has
been presented. Of the course of things, when reason,
language, and religion have been once "acquired," Mr.
Darwin writes as coolly as if such " acquisitions " were of

All the Articles of tJie Darwin Faith. 43

common experience, instead of being the wildest specu-
lation, contrary to every conviction of our nature, and
never in a single instance confirmed or indicated by
experiment. It is really an abuse of language to call such
writing ' scientific : ' to mistake the " Arabian Nights "
for history would be far more excusable.

Such being the character of the thesis, we need not
spend much time on the new hypothesis. The moment he
attempts to draw any conclusion, Mr. Darwin himself is
sensible of the exceeding tenuity of his premisses. Show-
ing us plainly enough what he is in quest of, he writes of
what he has found either in the optative or conditional
mood. In place of what is, we hear of what might, could,
would, or should be — of what is probable or may be easily
conceived — and unhappily the probability is often in
inverse ratio to the importance of the conjecture. Here
again Darwinism failing to establish its point by any kind
of proof, is obliged to take refuge in imagination.

Its autnor, meanwhile, with as much assurance as if he
had completed a mathematical demonstration, blandly
apologises for the shock to our taste and our religion, by
avowing that, for hif own part, he woald rather be descen-

44 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

ded from a monkey than a Fuegian savage : he adds that
* it is not more irreligious to explain ( ? ) the origin of
' man as a distinct species from some lower form, than -to
' explain the birth of the individual through the laws of
'ordinary reproduction." The first excuse overlooks the
little fact that the simian ancestry involves the savage
also."

Again,

DARWINISM AND ASTRONOMY.

TO THE EDITOR OF TEE TIMES.

Sir, — After the many solid arguments adduced in your
late admirable and most welcome notices of Mr. Charles
Darwin's recent work, I should like to make only one sug-
gestion. Mr. Darwin's theory requires us to believe that
animal life existed on this globe at a period when, according
to a theory much more plausible than his, the earth and all
the planets with the sun constituted but one diffused
nebula. Astronomers really have some data on which to
found this theory of theirs, since marked variations in the
conformation of several nebulae within historic times aro
now on record; whereas all the variations which Mr.

All tJie Articles of the Darwin Faith. 45

Darwin has been able to point out in species, and especially
in man, within the same limits of time are either zero or of
an extremely nebulous character.

I remain. Sir, yours faithfully,
April 10. ASTRONOMICUS.

Thus much from the Times, now from the Globe,

" The other point to note is Professor Huxley's speech.
The learned gentleman is not only abandoning- himself to a
bad habit of mischievous talking ; he is becoming inane.
What did he mean by entertaining a company like that
assembled around the board of the Royal Academy with a
wretched rechauffe of the old story that man is a cooking
animal, with the obvious variation d propos of the occasion
that he is distinguished by the power to ' draw ' ! Pro-
fessor Huxley must either be running rapidly to seed

»
himself, or he has a very low opinion of his contemporaries

when he expects them to be amused — even after dinner —
with such feeble wit."— Globe, May 1st, 1871.

" On Geology and Darwinism " Dagentree " holds
decided opinions. He regards the former as a science so
completely in its infancy that to attempt to reconstruct our
theology in reference to it is simply absurd : — " Late

4:6 All the Articles of the Darwin Faith.

researches have, I think, proved more clearly than ever it
was proved before — first, that man is a very recent inhabi-
tant of this planet ; and, secondly, that man has not been
produced by any process of selection or developement. . .
Darwin has left the origin of species, not where he found it,
but darker than ever ; for he has proved that there ought
to be no species at all ; and if his views were true, there
could have been no such thing." This is admirably put,
and not easily answered, and the following reply to the
scientists who object to the argument from design is irre-
fragable. ' The professor who sees in nature no traces of
a Creator, will find in a wretched piece of flint, as he peers
enchanted through his spectacles, the long-lost proofs of
pre-Adamite man.' The truth is that neoteric science is
ruined by the shallow sciolist, the lecturing professor, who,
the moment a new notion strikes him, airs it to an
audience of ladies at Albemarle-street or South Kensington.
* Natural selection ' — ' protoplasm ' -— ' air germs ' — come
into fashion and go out again like paniers and chignons."

Globe.

And lastly our friend "Punch " whose wit has always a
good deal of wisdom in it.

All the Articles of the Darwin Faith. 43

" Darwin's speculation
Is of another sort ;

Tis one which demonstration
In nowise doth support.

Time, theory's dispeller,
Will out of mind remove it :

We say, as said old Weller,
" Prove it." And he can't prove it."

Punch.

The following- is Dr. Carpenter's opinion, the President
of the British Association.

" There is a great deal of what I cannot but regard as
fallacious and misleading philosophy — ' oppositions of
science falsely so called' — abroad in the world at the
present time. And I hope to satisfy you that those who
set up their own conceptions of the orderly sequence which
they discern in the phenomena of nature, as fixed and
determinate laws by which those phenomena not only are
within all human experience, but always have been, and
always must be, invariably governed, are really guilty of
the intellectual arrogance they condemn in the systems of
the ancients, and place themselves in diametrical antago-

48 All the Articles of the Ddrwin Faith.

nism to those real philosophers, by whose comprehensive
grasp and penetrating insight that order has been so far
disclosed."

And, another,

4< It must not be supposed that there is much unity among
these " philosophers." But in this they all agree, they all
argue a posteriori, and they are all infallible."

"LOOK ON THIS PICTURE"
WORDS OF THE WISE.

TJiere is a path which no fowl
knoweth, and which the vulture's
eye hath m«t seen.

The lion's whelps have not
trodden it, nor the tierce lion
passed it.

He putteth forth His hand upon
the rock; He overturaeth the
mountains by the roots.

He cutteth out rivers among
the rocks; and His eye teeth
every precious thing.

He bindeth the floods from
overflowing; and the thing that
is hid briugeth He forth to light.

But where shall wisdom be
found ? and where is the place of
understanding ?

Man knoweth not the price
thereof ; neither is it found in the
land of the living.

" It cannot be valued with the
gold of Ophir. with the precious
onyx, or the sapphire."

"AND ON THAT"

WORDS OF THE WISEACRE.

" What little I know about the
matter leads me to think that if M
Comte, had possessed the slight-
est acquaintance with biological
science, ( Philo>oplu'rs disagree, it
seems) tie would have turned his
•phraseology upside, dotrn, and
have fouud that tve can hare no
liiunck'dye of the great laws of
life, except that which is based
iipun the study of natural living
beings." (Huxley ! ! I)

" If there is one thing clear "
(clear ! ) about the progress of
modern science.it is the tendency
to reduce all scientitic problems
except thnse *vbich are purely
intellectual to questions ot
molecular physics, that is to say
to the attractions, repulsions,
motions, and coordination of the
alterna'e particles of matter. So-
cial plicenomena are the result of
the interaction of the complements
of society.or men withone another
in the surrounding universe. But
in the language of physical science,

All the Articles of the Darwin Faitli.

The gold and the crystal can-
not equal it ; and the exchange
of it shall not be for jewels of
fine gold.

The Topaz of Ethiopia shall
not equal it, neither shall it be
valued -with pure gold.

Whence then cometh wisdom ?
and where is the place of under-
standing.

Seeing it is hid from the eyes
of all living, and kept close from
the fowls of the air.

Destruction and death say, We
have heard the fame thereof with
our ears.

For He looketh to the ends of
the earth, and seeth under the
whole heaven ;

To make the weight for the
winds ; and He weigheth the
waters by measure.

When He made a decree for the
rain, and a way for the lightning
and thunder.

And unto man He said, Behold,
the fear of the Lord, that is
wisdom ; and to depart from evil
is understanding.

Canst thou by searching find
out God ? canst thou find out
the Almighty unto perfection ?

But ask now the beasts, and
they shall teach thee : and the
fowls of the air, and they shall
tell thee.

Who knoweth not in all these
that the hand of the Lord hath
wrought this?

In whose hand is the soul of
every living thing, and the breath
of all mankind. JOB.

which by the nature of the case is
materialistic, the actions of men,
so far as they are recogi!:
by science, are the results of
molecular changes in the matter of
which they are composed."

" To a certain extent indeed it
may be said, that imperfect oss-
ification of the vertebral column
is of an embryonic character, but
on the other hand it would be
extremely incorrect to suppose
that the vertebral columns of the
older vertebrata are in any sense,
embryonic, in their whole
structure."

Huxley.

" Matter and spirit are both

names for the imaginary substrata

of groups of natural phenomena."

Huxley.

" In itself it is but of little
moment, whether we express the
phenomena of matter in terms of
spirit, or the phenomena of spirit
in terms of matter."

Huxley.

" The extension of the province
of what we call matter or caus-
ation,and the concomitant gradual
banishment from all regions
of human thought, of what we
call spirit and spontaneity."

Huxley.

" Traced back to its earliest
state, the matter arises as the
man does, in a particle of
nucleated protoplasm.

Huxley.

All the ArlirJes ol the Darwin Faith.

Well wrote Canon Kingsley : — " All we have to do is to
wait. Nominalism, and that Sensationalism which has
sprung from. Nominalism, are running fast to seed.
Comptism seems to me its supreme effort, after which the
whirligig of time may bring round its revenges, and
Realism and we who hold the Healist creed may have our
turn. Only wait — the end of that Philosophy is very
near." " The tide is setting in against Darwinism."

Dedicated by Permission to the Right Hon. LORD SELBORNE,
Lord Chancellor of England.

THE HUMANITY SERIES

OP

SCHOOL IBOOIKIS,

FOR NATIONAL AND OTHER SCHOOLS.

EDITED BY

THE EEV. P. 0. MORRIS, B.A.,

Rector of Nurburnholme. Yorkshire,

Author of " A History of British liir is. ' Do lirateJ by Permission to
Her Uost Gracious Majesty the Queen, etc., &c., &c.,

" THE CHILD IS FATHER OP THE MAN."

WORDSWORTH.

It is hoped and believed that this series of books will be found useful in
the schools of the upper classes, as well as in all parochial ones, and for
giving away as rewards or prizes to young persons and children, for
presents to farm-servants, and servants generally, gamekeepers, drivers
of carts and carriages, bargemen on rivers and canals, emigrants and
others, for the encouragement of humanity and of " every good word
or work."

MOFFATT, PAIGE & Go. Paternoster Buildings.

BOOKS AND FORMS

FOR THE USE OP

SCHOOL BOARDS,

FORMED UNDER

THE EDUCATION ACTS,

Pullished $ Supplied Try

MOFFATT, PAIGE & COMPANY,

6, Paternoster Buildings, London.

4 LI.

.A *

School

MOFFATT'S INFANT SCHOOL
:ADING SHEETS,

a card

twenty

in number, and are printed in very

refully graduated, and
le up of subjects suitable fur
I reading

PRINTING PRESSES furnished
JL with t; . dabbers aud

to print a surface of

(J (I

to print a surface of

13 6

iicnt
of 4U» 10 0

MOFFATT'S ARITHMETICAL
ST CARDS.

,:idard II. Set A,
!II. Set A, D, (';
A, B, C ; Standard

-tandard \

.'

lanical Kules. Set B.
. ,Set C. Pru-

MTORY
POETICAL

.

. .. VI.—

MOF; ox OF

i) COLOl

the Lii:

princip

PUBLICATIONS. — A.

. Gd. J.'

.

MOFFATT'S Si
;:NTAL ARIT:

Intend

l in Arithmetic. Six
part corn-

Id. per part. Tin
cluint of Venice, 45! '
careful, full notes and qi:
Priiv

will

•"r, Post-fn

iroF:

M Moffatt'S School Pen, a
>!ium poi;::.

ful for
ially a