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University of Illinois Library M32 “lemma ZOOLOGICAL SERIES OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume XX CHICAGO, DECEMBER 28, 1937 No. 24 AMERICAN BATS OF THE SUBFAMILY ...- j:sp9nv oF THE EMBALLONURINAE JAN 41938 By CoLIN CAMPBELL SANBORN YNIVERSITY OF WLLINOES CURATOR OF MAMMALS The American forms of the subfamily Emballonurinae have had no revisionary treatment since the work of Peters in 1867 and Dobson’s Catalogue of the Chiroptera in 1878. The genera were carefully revised by Miller in 1907. These bats are distributed from northern Mexico to central Brazil on the mainland but are found only on Grenada Island in the West Indies. Six of the genera and most of the species are fairly abundant, but Centronycterts is poorly represented in collections and Myropteryz is known only from the type and one or two other speci- mens. Of the eight genera and eighteen forms represented in the subfamily, one genus and five forms have not been available. Of the remaining forms, 1245 specimens have been examined. I wish to thank Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., of the United States National Museum for the loan of material which included large series from Mexico;\Dr. H. E./Anthony of the American Museum of Natural History, for many specimens from South America, includ- ing series of the mete oan genera Peronymus and Cormura; and Dr. G. M. Allen, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Mr. J. K. Doutt, Carnegie Museum, and Dr. L. R. Dice, University of Michigan Museum, for loan of valuable material under their care. Especial thanks are extended to Miss Jane St. Leger and Dr. T. S. C. Morrison- Scott for examining and sending notes and measurements on two types in the British Museum. The drawings are by Mr. John J. Janecek and the maps by Mr. H. Reed Waugh. Under “Specimens examined,” the figures refer to skins with skulls unless otherwise stated. The following abbreviations are used: F.M.=Field Museum of Natural History; A.M.=American Museum of Natural History; N.M.=U. S. National Museum; No. 399 as Natural History Library FEB 9 1936 322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VoL. XX M.C.Z.=Museum of Comparative Zoology; C.M.=Carnegie Museum; U.M.= University of Michigan Museum. KEY TO GENERA AND SPECIES BASED ON EXTERNAL CHARACTERS Wing sac absent Wing attached to tibia; forearm haired............. Rhynchiscus Wing attached to metatarsus; forearm hairless..... Centronycteris Hastern Braz gs Poa ee bea hoes maximiliant maximiliani Central America and western South America maximiliant centralis Wing sac present Wing sac close to forearm near elbow Wings Trontitiia 36.5 ho ol ae Bee Saccopteryx Two white lines on back : Color tistiniiy: sacks latoer es boo oa bilineata COLOT POW GOERS alr el ee Gas Vales we leptura CONGR Serra HOON a a rg Ie canescens Wings from 'metatereds sess Ue Re ees 6 gymnura Wing sac short, on upper edge of antebrachial membrane; wings from tibia Wints Week Se oo ret besa ee, Peropteryx Larger; forearnt 2o-baiO cos iio ev side an kak one kappleri Smaller: forearm: 38.8-48.2 . 2.02. 6250 bo. eS macrotis Mainland of Central and South America macrotis macrotis TITAN OC i ee Sa ed macrotis trinitatis CONAGS re rere ioe a pata de macrotis phaea Wings white beyond forearm..................... Peronymus Venezuela and Brazil................ leucopterus leucopterus POR: oie See tye setae eee ce bes leucopterus cyclops Wing sac long, from edge of antebrachial membrane to near elbow; wings from metatarsus. Cormura Fropably: like GCormgye. | és pace cece oaneas Myropteryx Wing sac in center of antebrachial membrane opening inward. Balantiopteryx White line on edge of wing membrane; larger.......... plicata AF sh AR Sa ccopteryx Balantiopteryx Ro Pigs Py i= hac of Saccopteryx bilineata, Peropteryx ka plicata, showing position and 323 Peropteryx Cormura Peronymus leucopterus, Cormura pe of ‘ane ia sac. 324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX No white line on edge of wing membrane; smaller Gmrtena oon eae eas eae ore Bak ve cata 20 KEY TO GENERA AND SPECIES BASED ON CRANIAL CHARACTERS! Anterior upper premolar flat and triangular........... Rhynchiscus Anterior upper premolar round, with anterior and posterior cusps Tooth row visible from above; basisphenoid pits deep, divided by piste: mubsle Nae S65 2 ee cae Centronycterts Basisphenoid pits extending to between pterygoids maximiliant maximiliant Basisphenoid pits not extending to between pterygoids maximiliani centralis Tooth row not visible from above; muzzle broad; no angle between rostrum and forehead Molars witli ty pitti. 5 ees 3 So SG ce cee Cormura Molars without hypocones (otherwise probably like Cormura) Myropteryx Anterior upper premolar a structureless spicule Lateral: pterygoid pits large... .i.05.5.,.20 5 6 ees Peronymus Greatest length of skull 14.5-15.6...... leucopterus leucopterus Greatest length of skull 16.2.............. leucopterus cyclops Lateral pterygoid pits small Rostrum narrow, not expanded; basisphenoid pit usually divided DY Pisse 2 ke ae ee a) ea eae ee Saccopteryx Upper tooth row c-m2 BES foo tied sn aS Obes aos aad has cee bilineata She BSN si .a% 2m we, Cro 4b oe ee a oe oe wee leptura Bh Fs cd ASE EEE oa esis s Bip toe Rs ba ae 3 canescens 5.—(See external characters.) .................... gymnura Rostrum expanded RROstrUM NOC wim sk a Peropteryz Larger; greatest length of skull 16-17.8.......... kapplert Smaller; greatest length of skull 12-15........... macrotis 1The dental formula of all American Emballonurinae is the following: ~2=.1.—- 22-4567 ¢ 1-1 3-2 2-2 ae 123.1.-2-4667... $-$.. 1-1 2-2 3-3 1937 AMERICAN BATS—SANBORN 325 Mainland of Central and South America. macrotis macrotis WERIMIMIIR ES 8s ines che Suncast SRS ak he macrotis trinitatis Crrerieaas 02 ROPES Chet Se eat macrotis phaea RUE EIR TORII si be gS biting teen Balantiopteryx Interpterygoid fossa narrow...................05. plicata Interpterygoid fossa broadly U-shaped................ 10 Bnet SIRE OE ea ae infusca Genus RHYNCHISCUS Miller Proboscidea Spix, Simiarum et Vespertilionum Brasil, Spec. Novae, p. 61, 1823 (not Proboscidea J. G. Brugiere 1791). Type Proboscidea sazxatilis Spix=R. naso Maximilian. Rhynchonycteris Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 477, 1867 (not Rhynchonycteris Tschudi, 1844-1846). Type Rhynchonycteris naso Maximilian. Rhynchiscus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, p. 65, 1907—substitute for Proboscidea Spix, preoccupied. Characters.—Size small; no wing sacs; forearm dotted with tufts of fur; interfemoral haired to exsertion of tail; muzzle greatly elon- gated. Skull small; no angle between rostrum and forehead; pre- maxillaries broad posteriorly and ending on upper surface of rostrum; no division between deep basisphenoid pits. First upper premolar large, triangular, with small cingulum cusps anteriorly and pos- teriorly. Rhynchiscus naso Maximilian. Vespertilio naso Maximilian, Reise nach Brasiliens, 1, p. 251, footnote, 1820; Schinz, Thierreich, 1, p. 179, (1821); Beit. zur Naturgesch. Brasil., 2, p. 274, (1826). Rhynchonycteris naso Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 478, 1867; Dobson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 880, 1878—Dutch Guiana; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt., p. 367, pl. 20, fig. 4, 1878 (desc., range, meas.); Alston, Biol. Cent.-Amer., p. 27, 1879-82 (range, habits); True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, p. 472, 1888—Honduras; J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9, p. 32, 1897—Costa Rica; Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 8, p. 140, 1901—British Guiana; ibid, p. 190—Brazil (Para); ibid, (9), 6, p. 270, 1920—Brazil (Rios Xingu and Negro); ibid, (10), 2, p. 257, 1928—Peru. Proboscidea naso J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20, p. 348, 1904— Venezuela. Rhynchiscus naso Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, p. 65, 1907; G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 52, p. 29, 1908—Brazil (Porto Seguro), (meas., milk teeth); J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 24, p. 669, 1908— Nicaragua; ibid, 28, p. 110, 1910—Nicaragua; ibid, 30, p. 260, 1911— 826 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VoL. XX Venezuela (habits); Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 9, p. 86, 1912— Brazil (near Para); Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 10, p. 176, 1914—Peru; J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, p. 224, 1916— Colombia; ibid, p. 582, Brazil (Amazonas and Matto Grosso); Anthony, Zoologica, 3, p. 279, 1921—British Guiana; G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 269, 1923—-Panama. Rhynchincus [sic] naso Beebe, Zoologica, 2, p. 218, 1919—British Guiana. Rhynchiscus naso priscus G. M. Allen, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, p. 109, 1914—-Mexico (Xcopen, Quintana Roo); Goldman, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 69, p. 172, fig. 1, 1920—-Panama; Goodwin, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 68, p. 7, 1934—-Guatemala; Enders, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 415, 1935—Canal Zone (Barro Colorado Id.), (habits); Murie, Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., Misc. Pub., No. 26, p. 17, 1935—British Honduras (habits, embryo). Proboscidea rivalis et saxatilis Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Brasil., p. 62, 1823—Brazil (Amazon River and Rio San Francisco). Emballonura lineata Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., 2, p. 297, 1835-41— Dutch Guiana. Proboscidea villosa Gervais, Exped. Comte de Castelnau, Zool., Mamm., p. 68, pl. XI, fig. 1, pl. XIII, fig. 3 (teeth), 1855—Brazil (Prov. Goyaz). Type locality—Banks of Mucuri, near Morro d’Arara, Minas Geraes, Brazil. Distribution—From southern Mexico, south through Central America to northern Peru and central Brazil. Characters—Those of the genus. Color—The general color of the upper parts depends greatly on the amount of wear. In fresh pelage the gray tips of the hairs give a very light grizzled appearance. As these tips wear off, the brown bases become visible and the general color is much darker. On the lower back and rump are two curved lines in rough form of an hour glass, which in some worn specimens do not show. The hairs on the upper side of the interfemoral membrane, forearm and adjoin- ing membrane are reddish brown and gray. On the under side, the bases of the hairs are dark brown and the tips light gray, giving a white, gray, or buffy appearance. The scattered hairs on the under side of the interfemoral membrane are gray. The amount of wear and a slight individual difference in color explain finding both light and dark specimens in the same locality. Measurements.—Forearm, males, 35.3-40.5 mm.; females, 35.8- 40.7. Skull: greatest length 11.2-12.6; condylo-basal length 10-11.2; interorbital width 2.3-2.8; least width of rostrum 2.9-3.6; zygo- matic width 6.7-7.3; mastoid width 6.3-6.8; width of brain-case 1937 AMERICAN BATS—SANBORN 327 5.7-6.5; upper tooth row c-m2, 4.3-4.7; width across canines 3.1-3.5; width across m2-m2, 4.2-4.7. 119 alcoholics, 73 skins and 38 skulls measured. Specimens examined.—233. MEXICO: Xcopen, Quintana Roo, 3 (2 ale.) topotypes of R. priscus (M.C.Z.). BRITISH HONDURAS: Belize River, 7 (U.M); Cayo, 12 (U.M.). GUATEMALA: Ocas, San Marcos, 6 ale. (A.M.). HONDURAS: San Pedro, 5 ale. (F.M.); Jaral, lale. (N.M); Segovia River, 1 (N.M.). EL SALVADOR: San Salvador, Fic. 38. Known distribution of Rhynchiscus naso. [§J=specimens examined. [= published references. 5 1 (N.M.). NICARAGUA: Pena Blanca, 10 (A.M.); Greytown, 5 (Lalc.), (N.M); Tuma, 7 (A.M.); Prinzapolka River, 25 ale. (N.M.); Escon- dido, 21 ale. (N.M.). Costa Rica: 10 (A.M.). PANAMA: Rio Jesusito, 6 ale. (M.C.Z.); Summit, 9 ale. (M.C.Z.); Carozal, 8 ale. (N.M); Lagartera, 10 ale. (F.M.). COLOMBIA: Novita, Rio Juan, Cauca, 5 (A.M.); Caqueta, La Murelia, Rio Bodoquera, 8 (A.M.). Ecuapor: Montalvo, Rio Bobonazo, 1 (F.M.); Rios Pindo Yacu and Capihuari, 4 (F.M.). Peru: Lagunas, 1 ale. (F.M.); Nazareth, 8 ale. (F.M.). TRINIDAD: Caroni River, 7 ale. (M.C.Z.). VENEZUELA: Rio Yurman, 3 (A.M.); Maripa, 3 (A.M.); Mato River, 3 (A.M.); Quiribana de Caicara, 3 (N.M.); San Antonio, 11 ale. 328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISToRY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX (N.M.); Lagunillas, Zulia, 8 (7 ale.), (F.M.). BRAziL: Porto Seguro, 9 ale. (M.C.Z.); Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia, 1 (F.M.); Faro, Rio Jamunda, 2 (F.M.); Upper Amazon, 1 (N.M.); Tauary, Rio Tapajoz, 2 (1 ale.) (M.C.Z.); Cucuhy, 1 ale. (N.M.); Porto Campo, Amazonas, 1 (A.M.); Calama, Matto Grosso, 9 (A.M.). Remarks——No marked differences were found in series from widely separated localities. Females average larger than males both in forearm and skull measurements. Rhynchiseus naso priscus was separated by Dr. G. M. Allen mainly on the shape of the anterior upper premolar, but a careful examination of some eighty skulls shows great variation in this tooth irrespective of locality. In a series from any one locality, teeth may be found varying from an almost simple tooth with barely indicated cusps to a broad triangular tooth with prominent cusps. Genus SACCOPTER YX Illiger Saccopteryx Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 121, 1811. Type Vespertilio leptura Schreber. Urocryptus Temminck, Van der Hoeven’s Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. en Physiol., 5, p. 31, 1838-39. Type Urocryptus bilineatus Temminck. Characters.—Large glandular sac situated close to forearm near elbow and opening on upper surface of antebrachial membrane. Wings from tarsus. Skull with slight angle between rostrum and forehead. Premaxillaries large, ending on upper surface of rostrum. Postorbital processes long and broad. Sagittal crest on brain-case. Basisphenoid pits large, usually separated by plate. First upper premolar (pm2) a small structureless spicule. Saccopteryx bilineata Temminck. Urocryptus bilineatus Temminck, Van der Hoeven’s Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. en Physiol., 5, p. 33, 1838-39; Monogr. Mamm.., 2, p. 301, pl. 61, figs. 3-4 (animal and head) 1835-41. Emballonura bilineata Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Saéugeth., 5, p. 694, 1855. Saccopteryx bilineata Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 471, 1867; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt., p. 372, 1878 (deser., meas., range); Alston, Biol. Cent.-Amer., p. 28, 1879-82 (range, habits); J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 205, 1893—Trinidad; ibid, p. 237, 1893— Costa Rica; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 334, 1893—-Peru; Thomas, Journ. Trinidad Field Nat. Club, 1, No. 7, p. 4 (author’s separate), 1893 —tTrinidad; J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9, p. 14, 1897—Trinidad; Bangs, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, 1, p. 101, 1900—-Colom- bia (descr.); Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 8, p. 190, 1901—Brazil (Para); ibid, p.140—British Guiana; J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20, p. 457, 1904—-Colombia; ibid, p. 343—-Venezuela; ibid, 30, p. 260, 1911 1937 AMERICAN BATS—SANBORN . 329 —vVenezuela (habits); Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 9, p. 86, 1912 —Brazil (Amazonas); Anthony, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, p. 373, 1916—Panama; J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, p. 582, 1916 —Brazil (Matto Grosso); ibid, p. 123—Ecuador; Beebe, Zoologica, 2, p. 218, 1919—British Guiana; Goldman, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 69, p. 173, fig. 2, 1920—Panama; Anthony, Zoologica, 3, p. 279, 1921—British Guiana; G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 270, 1923—Panama (habits); Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 6, p. 270, 1920—Brazil (Amazonas); ibid, (10), 2, p. 257, 1928—Peru; Enders, Journ. Mamm., 11, p. 290, 1930—Canal Zone (habits); Sanborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., IS ae Ke > Hac. Californiajgg SM Lancetilla Moca’ 2 Meer ere Fic. 39. Known distribution of Saccopteryx bilineata. Numerals and §§J=specimens examined. O= published references. Zool. Ser., 18, p. 8, 1931—Canal Zone; Sanborn, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 21, p. 172, 19832—Colombia, Brazil (Amazonas); Enders, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 415, 1985—Canal Zone (habits). Saccopteryx insignis Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Saéugeth., p. 695, 1855—Rio de Janeiro; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, Beiheft, p. 39, 1883. Saccopteryx perspicillifer Miller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12, p. 176, 1899— Trinidad (Caura). Saccopteryx bilineata centralis Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 13, p. 251, 1904—-Mexico (Teapa, Tabasco); J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 28, p. 110, 1910—Nicaragua; Goodwin, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 68, p. 7, 1984—Guatemala (desc., meas., habits); Murie, Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., Mise. Pub. No. 26, p. 18, 1935—Guatemala (habits). 330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX Type locality —Dutch Guiana. Distribution—From southern Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, and Vera Cruz) south to central Bolivia and Matto Grosso and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Characters.—Size large. Wings from tarsus. Wing sac very well developed in males; less so in females. Interfemoral thinly haired to exsertion of tail. Color.—Upper parts black in fresh pelage, with two longitudinal wavy lines of a whitish or buffy color, from upper back torump. In worn pelage the general color becomes more brownish. Hairs, with the exception of white-tipped ones forming the dorsal lines, uniform to bases. Hairs of under parts dark at bases with light tips giving a brownish or grayish appearance. MEASUREMENTS Sex No Forearm No. elt beeth No. pps Se Mexico. 20:23 3:2, Oo 24 41.7-45.6 4 18.2-14 38 6.1-6.4 992 45 48.7-47.5 9 18.5-14 11 6. -6.4 Guatemala....... ores 6 42.1-45.7..1 18.7 38 6.2-6.4 29 14 43.7-46 9 18.6-14.1 10 6.1-6.4 British Honduras oo 2 48. -44.7 2 18.5-13.8 2 6.2-6.3 29 fo. ABT 1 “18-6 | ieee Oe: Nicaragua....... osmot 2 42.844 Oa 2 44.3-46.9 2 14.1-14.5 2 6.5-6.9 Costa Rica...... outes 6 48. -46.4 4 14.1-14.4 4 6.5-6.7 2g 8 45. -49.1 2 14.6-14.6 2 6.8-6.8 Panama; . 2.2% oo’ 22 48.2-47.6 2 14.6-14.6 2 6.8-6.8 99 42 44. -50.8 6 £14.3-14.9 6 6.6-7.2 Colombia........ ad 4 44.1-44.9 2 14.1-15.1 2 6.6-6.6 9 Q 15 44.3-48 9 18.6-14.5 10 6.56.9 Ecuador, West... io 1 44.4 Pa 1S teat, « Ae 9 Q i ae |e di 14:3 5 aa PY f Venezuela, West. oo 38 44, -46.5 29 Q 38 44.4-47.6 2 14.4-14.4 2 6.7-6.8 Venezuela, East... oo 9 Q 5 44.6-49.6 6 14.7-15.7 6 7. -7.4 Ecuador, East... oo 2 45.6-47. 8 15.2-15.4 Bi: 144 oO 6 46.7-49.6 7 14.6-15.4 7 7.2-7.4 Trmidsas.i7.> ; ores 3° 46.6-47..6 1.15.5 page HUE, 92 4 45.2-50.2 4 14.9-15.5 4 17.1-7.3 British Guiana... oo pray. by ca 5 99 38 46.5-49.1 Brazil Amazonas .... oo 7 44.6-48.6 3 15. -15.1 Bie he oh : 29 16 47.6-51.7 6 15.1-15.5 10 7%. -7.3 Piauhy........ oskow 1.44.2 1:2334.6 1 6.8 Maranhao..... fone) 2 46.2-46.4 2 14.7-14.9 2 6.9-7. Rio de Janeiro. 9 9 eee 1. 18.2 : meee Bolivia 355540 Yo 92 1 650.5 1:3: 46.5 hee 152 Specimens examined—314. Mexico: Vera Cruz, 7 (6 alc.); (N.M.); Achotal, Vera Cruz, 5 skins, 12 skulls, 38 ale. (F.M.), Minatitlan, Vera Cruz, 3 ale. (N.M.); Hacienda Magdalena, Colima, Ee 1937 AMERICAN BATS—SANBORN 331 3 ale. (N.M.); Acapulco, Guerrero, 7 ale. (N.M.); Papayo, Guerrero, 8 ale. (N.M.); Lano Grande, Oaxaca, 6 ale. (N.M.); Santo Domingo, Oaxaca, 3 ale. (N.M.); Tepanatepec, Oaxaca, 3 (M.C.Z.). GUuUATE- MALA: Bobos, Izabal, 1 (F.M.); Hacienda California, San Marcos, 10 ale. (A.M.); Moca, Solola, 1 (F.M.); Uaxactum, Peten, 11 (U.M.). BRITISH HONDURAS: Cayo District, 2 (M.C.Z.). HoNpDuRAs: Lancetilla, 1 (M.C.Z.). NICARAGUA: Prinzapolka River, 4 ale. (skulls cleaned); Greytown, 1 alc. (skull cleaned); Escondido, 1 ale. (all N.M.). Costa Rica: San Carlos, 4 (F.M.); Los Huecos, Guana- caste 3 (U.M.); north of Liberia 7 (M.C.Z.). PANAMA: Ancon, 2 ale. (M.C.Z.); Cana, 1 ale. (N.M.); Barro Colorado Island, 5 (2 F.M., 3 U.M.), 7 ale. (2 F.M., 1 M.C.Z., 4 A.M.); Culebra, 1 ale. (M.C.Z.); La Chorrera, 9 ale. (M.C.Z.); Summit, 3 ale. (M.C.Z.); Las Cascades, 2 ale. (M.C.Z.); Cerro Azul, 1 ale. (N.M.); Ft. Lorenzo, 1 alc. (N.M.); Gatun, 8 ale. (N.M.); Mt. Sapo, 4 ale. (M.C.Z.); Old Panama, 1 (F.M.), 3 ale. (M.C.Z.); Orchid Island, 1 ale. (N.M.); Rio del Puente, 5 ale. (N.M.); Tabernilla, 1 alc. (N.M.); Taboga Island, 9 ale. (N.M.); Balboa, 6 (8 alc.) (F.M.). CoLomBIA: 1 ( N.M.); Bonda, 26 (9 alc.) (A.M.); Santa Marta, 2 ale. (A.M.); Minca, 2 (A.M.). VENEZUELA: Cassiquiare Canal, 2 ale. (N.M.); Caicara, 2 (N.M.); Cristobal Colon, Paria Peninsula, 1 (A.M.); Peru Mine, El Callo, 2 (A.M.); Rio Cogollo, Perija, 6 (4 ale.) (F.M.). TRINIDAD: Caura, 2 ale. inc. type of perspillifer (A.M.); Princestown, 2 alec. (skulls cleaned) (A.M.); Port of Spain, 4 (2 alec., 1 skel., N.M.; 1 alc., A.M.). BRITISH GUIANA: Essequibo River, 1 ale. (N.M.); Kalacoon, 3 alc. (A.M.). Ecuapor: Rio Pindo Yacu, 10 (F.M.); Cachavi, 3 (N.M.). BRaAziL: Lago Janary, Livramento 8 (4 alc.), (M.C.Z.); Boca do Igarape Piaba, 4 (M.C.Z.); Cameta, Rio Tocantins, 2 (M.C.Z); Cameta, Baron Melgaco, 1 (A.M.); Utin, near Santarem, 1 (F.M.); Santarem, 7 ale. (C.M.); Maranhao, 2 ale. (N.M.); Barro do Corda, 2 (F.M.); Deserto, Piauhy, 2 (F.M.); Rio de Janeiro, 1 alc. (M.C.Z.). BOLIvia: Rio Palometillas, 2 (F.M.). Remarks.—The species bilineata has a very wide range from southern Mexico to Bolivia and eastern Brazil, with but slight geographic variation in size. Specimens from Mexico, Guatemala, and British Honduras have on the average smaller forearms and skulls. The size increases southward to Trinidad and the Amazon drainage, where the maximum for the species is reached. In the area between the two extremes the size is variable, while in eastern Brazil specimens are no larger than ones from Mexico. When the extremes are compared, as Thomas did when he described centralis, the 332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX difference in size is very marked, but at no point can a definite line be drawn between large and small specimens. As there is no other character besides size, it seems best to consider all specimens as belonging to but one species, bzlineata. Saccopteryx leptura Schreber. Vespertilio leptura Schreber, Sdéugeth., 1, pl. 57, 1774. Saccopteryx leptura Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 121, 1811; Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (1), 16, p. 279, 1845; Krauss, Archiv. f. Naturg. p. 178, 1846; Tomes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 547, 1858—Ecuador; Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 471, 1867; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt., p. 271, 1878 (pt.); H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 321, 1889 (wings); Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 334, 1893—Peru; Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus., 15, p. 280, 1893—-British Guiana; J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, pp. 205 and 232, 18983—Trinidad; ibid, 9, p. 14, 1897—Trinidad; Bangs, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, 1, p. 101, 1900—Colombia; J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, p. 94, 1900— Colombia; Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 8, p. 140, 1901—British Guiana; Lyon & Robinson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 160, 1901— Venezuela (descr., skin meas.); J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20, p. 457, 1904 (pt.)—Colombia; ibid, 30, p. 260, 1911—Venezuela; Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 9, p. 86, 1912—-Brazil (Para); Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 10, p. 64, 1912 (pt.)—Venezuela; Cabrera, Trab. Mus. Nac. Cien. Nat., No. 11, p. 36, 1912; ibid, No. 31, p. 11, 1917; Beebe, Zoologica, 2, p. 218, 1919—British Guiana; Goldman, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 59, p. 175, 1920—Panama; Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 6, p. 270, 1920; Brazil (Rios Negro and Tapajoz); ibid, (10), 2, p. 287, 1928—Peru. Saccopteryx bilineata Osgood (not Temminck), Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 10, p. 214, 1916—-Porto Velho, Brazil. Type localityi— Dutch Guiana. Distribution—From Panama south to southwestern Peru and northeastern Brazil. Characters.—Like S. bilineata but smaller, especially the skull, and of a different color. Color.— Upper parts uniform brown marked by two longitudinal whitish lines extending from upper back to rump. In some speci- mens these lines are indistinct. Brown below, but usually a little lighter than above. Measurements.—Forearm, males, 37.440, females, 39.1—42.3. Skull: greatest length from front of canine 13.1—14.4; condylo-basal length 11.8-12.7; interorbital width 3.2-3.8; intertemporal width 2.1-2.5; zygomatic width 8.4-9.1; mastoid width 7—7.5; upper tooth row c-m3, 5.1-5.5; width across canines 2.9-3.4; width across m3- m2, 5.9-6.3. 1937 AMERICAN BATS—SANBORN 833 Specimens examined.—36. PANAMA: Barro Colorado Id., C. Z., 1 (U.M.); Fort Randolph, C. Z., 1 ale. (M.C.Z.).—CoLoMBIA: Santa Marta Mts., 1 (M.C.Z.); Bonda, 3 juv. ale. (A.M.).—ECUADOR: Rio Pindo Yacu, Oriente, 1 (F.M.).—TRINIDAD: 17 alc., 5 skulls cleaned (12 A.M., 5 N.M.).—VENEZUELA: Rio Aurare, Zulia, 1 (F.M.); San Julian, 3 (N.M.); Peru Mine, El Callao, 1 (A.M.).— BRAZIL: Boca de Igarape Piaba, Rio Amazonas, 2 (M.C.Z.); Pernam- buco, 1 ale. (M.C.Z.); Porto Velho, Amazonas, 3 alc. skulls cleaned (F.M.).—PERwu: Bellavista, 1 ale. (M.C.Z.). Fic. 40. Known distribution of Saccopteryx tura and © S. gymnura. = specimens examined. [ O=published or ti lep a Remarks.—Some large specimens of leptura often closely resemble small, worn specimens of bilineata, but the forearm and upper tooth row are always shorter in leptura. Saccopteryx bilineata, S. leptura, and S. canescens all have about the same range. S. bilineata has the widest distribution, going north to southern Mexico and south to Rio de Janeiro. Saccopteryx leptura and S. canescens have about an equal range, but leptura extends farther north, to Panama, and farther east, to Pernambuco, Brazil. With three species in the same territory great care should be used in making identifications, especially of alcoholic material. Poorly 334 FreLD MusEuUM OF NATURAL HistoRY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX made skins with broken forearms and broken skulls are sometimes very difficult to identify. Saccopteryx canescens Thomas. Saccopteryx canescens Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 7, p. 366, 1901— Venezuela; Surinam; ibid, (9), 6, p. 270, 1920—Brazil (near Santarem). Saccopteryx leptura J. A. Allen (not Schreber), Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, p. 94, 1900 (pt.); ibid, 20, p. 457, 1904—-Colombia; Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 10, p. 64, 1912 (pt.)—Venezuela; Sanborn, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 21, p. 172, 1982—-Colombia. Saccopieryx pumila Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, p. 410, 1914— Venezuela (Altagracia, Lower Orinoco). Type locality —Obidos, Para, Brazil. Type.—In British Museum, No. 99. 11. 2. 2. ‘Apparently female.’ Collected May 21, 1898 by J. Trumbull, Esq. Distribution.—From northern Colombia south through central Peru and east to French Guiana and the Amazon basin. Characters.—Like S. leptura but averaging smaller; tooth row shorter and molars narrower. Color.—Upper parts grayish or brownish, but always with a grizzled appearance. Longitudinal lines much less distinct than in leptura. Under parts usually much lighter than back, gray or buffy and never so dark as in leptura. Measurements.—Forearm 35.8-40.8 (4 males 35.9-37.5, 4 females 36.5-39.4, 8 no sex 35.8-40.8). Skull: greatest length from front of in- cisors 12.3-13.3; condylo-basal length 10.9-11.7; interorbital width 2.9-3.2; intertemporal width 1.9-2.3; zygomatic width 7.8-8.5; mastoid width 6.5—-7.1; upper tooth row c-m8, 4.6—5; width across canines 2.6-8; width across m2-m2, 5.1—5.6. Specimens examined.—20. COLOMBIA: Dibulla, Fundacion, and Mamatoco, Santa Marta Region, 3 (C.M.); Natagaima, 4 (M.C.Z.); Bonda, 8 (A.M.)—VENEZUELA: Caicara, 1 (N.M.); Rio Aurare, Zulia, 2 (F.M.).—FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne, 1 (F.M.). BRAZIL: Santarem, Rio Tapajoz, 1 (M.C.Z.); Boca de Igarape Piaba, Rio Amazonas, 1 (M.C.Z.); Amazon River, 1 (N.M.); Marajo Id., 1 alc, skull cleaned (N.M.). PERU: Puerto Victoria, Rio Pachitea, 1 (F.M.). Remarks.—The shorter tooth row and the narrower molars are the best characters for distinguishing this form from S. leptura. The largest skulls of canescens are about equal in size to the smallest of leptura, but those of canescens are of a lighter build. The color will usually separate the species, but in some specimens of canescens the 1937 AMERICAN BATS—SANBORN 335 grizzled back is not always clear and the under parts are dark. Well preserved specimens of canescens in alcohol have not been examined, but there may be some difference in the ear, as Thomas stated in his description. Saccopteryx pumila Thomas was said to be about the size of canescens but with larger molars and the basisphenoid pit without a median septum. Of the twelve skulls of canescens examined, four (3 Venezuela, 1 Colombia) are without the median septum, and one Lage J LRA a NS: a fp x "fe xu ~ iF = Se” Rin it e ¢ Nes, c 7 ; { P H if ‘ ; H " { » ra ay, ALCS Lo a tk Fic. 41. Known distribution of Saccopteryx canescens. [§J=specimens examined. ()= published references. (Brazil) has it extended but halfway down the pit. The median sep- tum may have been lost in cleaning, but it does not appear so. Miss Jane St. Leger has been kind enough to send some measure- ments of three specimens of Saccopteryx pumila, the type, a female from Isle le Pere, French Guiana, and a female from El Trompilla, Carabobo, Venezuela. These show the greatest length of the skull to be from 12.5-13.2 and the upper tooth row from 4.7 to 5, agreeing with the measurements of canescens. Miss St. Leger says: ‘“The molars of the Type of canescens appear smaller to the eye than they actually are, due to the yellowish colouring of the skull and teeth.” 836 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX Saccopteryx gymnura Thomas. Saccopteryx gymnura Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 7, p. 367, 1901. Type locality—Santarem, Para, Brazil. Type.—In British Museum, no. 75. 10. 22.2. Female. Collected by Mr. Wickham. Specimen c under S. leptwra of Dobson’s Cata- logue. Distribution.—Known from one specimen from the type locality. Characters.—Wing sac as in Saccopteryx and size as in S. canescens. Wings attached to metatarsus. Skull as in canescens. Color.—‘‘So far as could be told from an old specimen in alcohol, dark throughout. Fur gone from center of back.” Measurements.—‘“‘Forearm 35. Head and body 387; tail 14.5; ear 18; tragus (on inner edge) 2.5; tibia 18; hind foot, s. u. 4, ¢. u. 4.5; ealear 11. Skull: extreme length 12.7; basal length 10.4; zygo- matic breadth 8; interorbital breadth 3.3; tip to tip of postorbital processes 5.9; intertemporal breadth 1.7; breadth of brain-case 6.1; length of upper molars 2.7; front of lower canine to back of m3, 5.” Specimens examined.—None. Remarks.—The attachment of the wing membrane to the meta- tarsus suggests a relationship between this form and Saccopteryx very much like the relationship of Cormura and Peropteryx. Dr. T.S. C. Morrison-Scott kindly examined the type in the British Museum and writes that the first premolar is a plain spicule and that the wing attaches halfway down the metatarsals. Genus CENTRONYCTERIS Gray Centronycteris Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot., 2, p. 499, 1838 (subgenus of Proboscidea). Type Vespertilio calcarata Maximilian=Vespertilio maximiliani Fischer. Centronycteris Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 478, 1867 (genus). Centronycteris Dobson, Cat. Chiropt., p. 371, 1878 (subgenus of Saccopteryzx). Characters.—Skull without angle between rostrum and forehead. Lower edge of orbit expanded so little that edge of tooth row can be seen from above. First upper premolar (pm2) with distinct anterior and posterior cusps. Basisphenoid divided by a plate. Wings from metatarsus. No wing sac so far as known. Fur very long and soft. Back without lines. Centronycteris maximiliani maximiliani Fischer. Vespertilio calearatus Maximilian, Schinz, Thierreich, 1, p. 180, 1821; Maxi- milian, Abbild. Naturg. Bras., Taf., 1822; Maximilian, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil, 2, p. 269, 1826. NW 1937 AMERICAN BATS—SANBORN 337 Vespertilio maximiliani Fischer, Synopsis Mamm., 1, pp. 112-113, 1829—new name for V. calearatus Maximilian, 1821, which is preoccupied by V. calcaratus Rafinesque, 1818. Centronycteris calearata Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot., 2, p. 499, 1838; Gervais, Exped. Comte de Castelnau, Mamm., p. 69, 1855; Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 478, 1867—(description of type specimen); Trouessart, Cat. Mamm., 1, p. 138, 1897. Saccopteryx calearata Dobson, Cat. Chiropt., p. 376, 1878. Saccopteryx wiedi Palmer, Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 12, p. 110, 1898—new name for V. calearatus Maximilian, 1821; antedated by V. maximiliani Fischer, 1829. Centronycteris wiedi Trouessart, Cat. Mamm., Suppl., p. 98, 1904. C. [entronycteris] maximiliant Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 10, p. 638, 1912. Centronycteris maximiliani Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 11, p. 133, 1913—Brazil (Utinga, near Para). Type locality—Espirito Santo, Brazil. Distribution.—Eastern Brazil. Characters.—Basisphenoid pits extending forward between ptery- goids. Color.—Somewhat paler than tawny brown. (Thomas). Measurements.—Female type (after Peters): forearm 44.5; third finger metacarpal 45. Thomas, length of basisphenoid pits 2.8. Specimens examined.—None. Centronycteris maximiliani centralis Thomas. Centronycteris centralis Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 10, p. 638, 1912; G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 270, 1923.—Costa Rica. Centronycteris maximiliani centralis Sanborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 20, p. 94, 1936.—Guatemala. Type locality—Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama. Type.—In British Museum, No. 0. 7. 11. 3. Distribution.—Guatemala south to Ecuador and western Brazil. Characters.—Like maximiliani but with much shorter basisphe- noid pits which do not extend forward between the pterygoids. Color.—Close to raw umber above, lighter below. Hairs on interfemoral membrane reddish. A specimen from Brazil is much lighter, being between buffy brown and olive brown. The fur in front of the eyes has a reddish tinge. Measurements.—One male from Guatemala and one female from Costa Rica followed by measurements of the male type in paren- theses: forearm 45.4—48 (45); third finger metacarpal 49.6-46.7 (46.5). 838 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX Skull: greatest length 15.5-15.5 (15); condylo-basal length 14.2-14.3; interorbital width 3.2-3.4; rostral width 6.7-6.4; zygomatic width 9.3-9.6 (10); mastoid width 7.7-7.8; width of brain-case 7.1—7.2; upper tooth row 6.1-6.4 (6.1); width across canines 3.7-3.7; width across m2-m2, 7.1—7.3 (6.6). Two females from Eucador and one male from near Teffé, Brazil: forearm 47.1, 47.7,——-; third finger metacarpal 49.1, 53.5, 45.6. Skull: greatest length 16.2165; 15.2; condylo-basal length——, 15.4, 14; interorbital width 3.5, 3.3, 3.4; rostral width 6.4, 7, 6.6; os © ;™ is é Sol Gt a te | AP Fic. 42. Known distribution of 0 Per ple ean a Cap hae mazximiliani and @ C. m. centralis. @=